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  • English  (19,243)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (13,883)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing AG  (5,360)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783031344510 , 3031344510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 294 Seiten) , 3 illus.
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als O'Shea, Sarah First-in-Family Students, University Experience and Family Life
    DDC: 306.43
    Keywords: Educational sociology ; Education, Higher ; Social structure ; Equality ; Career education ; Sociology ; Social groups ; Sociology of Education ; Higher Education ; Social Structure ; Career Skills ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819947751 , 9819947758
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 198 Seiten) , 14 illus., 3 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Language Practices Among Children and Youth in Indonesia
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Sociolinguistics ; Asia Languages ; Applied linguistics ; Youth Social life and customs ; Sociolinguistics ; Asian Languages ; Applied Linguistics ; Youth Culture
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658427931 , 3658427930
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 166 Seiten) , 10 illus., 9 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Geographies of Media
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Scheffer, Jörg Mirrored Spaces
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Social structure ; Equality ; Sociology, Urban ; Sociology ; Digital humanities ; Human Geography ; Social Structure ; Urban Sociology ; Sociology ; Digital Humanities
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031398148 , 3031398149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXXVIII, 749 Seiten) , 35 illus., 29 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality
    DDC: 304.82
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Emigration and immigration ; Demography ; Population ; Human geography ; Political science ; Social sciences ; Sociology of Migration ; Human Migration ; Population and Demography ; Human Geography ; Political Science ; Society
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783031453045 , 3031453042
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 637 Seiten) , 64 illus., 51 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Introduction to Digital Humanism
    DDC: 303.4834
    Keywords: Computers and civilization ; Ethics ; Artificial intelligence ; Political science Philosophy ; Computers and Society ; Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Political Philosophy
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031387395 , 3031387392
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 410 Seiten) , 42 illus., 36 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Living with Nature, Cherishing Language
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Sociolinguistics ; Anthropological linguistics ; Ethnology ; Human ecology Study and teaching ; Cultural property ; Sociolinguistics ; Linguistic Anthropology ; Sociocultural Anthropology ; Environmental Studies ; Cultural Heritage
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031419195 , 3031419197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 203 Seiten) , 5 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Education, Equity, Economy 10
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Migration, Education and Employment
    DDC: 306.43
    Keywords: Educational sociology ; Emigration and immigration ; School management and organization ; School administration ; Sociology of Education ; Human Migration ; Organization and Leadership
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031330995 , 3031330994
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 111 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Anthropology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eriksen, Thomas Hylland Acceleration and Cultural Change
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Sociology ; Ethnology ; Human ecology Study and teaching ; Bioclimatology ; Sociology ; Sociocultural Anthropology ; Environmental Studies ; Climate Change Ecology
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Crisis ; Sahel ; Shocks ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly increased in the past decade, with several countries experiencing active armed conflict and unrest. The impacts of climate change compound existing vulnerabilities and risks. Finally, the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have impacted the Sahel, eroding purchasing power and aggravating poverty. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. ASP has emerged as a flexible and dynamic approach to social protection during the past decade. It combines and exploits synergies between social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. The Sahel's vulnerability and exposure to shocks and crises is set to increase with accelerating climate change, calling for a shift from often externally funded, ad hoc responses toward building sustainable, government-led system. Over the past decade, ASP has been on a remarkable trajectory in the Sahel, and this is an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. This report provides an overview of the state of ASP across six Sahelian countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal - as well as a set of recommendations for actions to strengthen the adaptiveness and responsiveness of existing systems to shocks
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: International Debt Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Bonds ; Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; FDI ; Finance ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Government ; Interest Payments ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Maturity ; Principal ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Statistics
    Abstract: The International Debt Report (IDR) is a longstanding annual publication of the World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the 122 countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2023 is the 50th annual edition and includes (1) analyses of external debt stocks and flows as of end-2022 for these countries; (2) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2023 and beyond; (3) a focus on improved public debt transparency and the quality of debt reporting; (4) a discussion of the need for innovative approaches to debt management; (5) a commentary on how the International Debt Statistics database serves as an indispensable resource for researchers and policy makers; and (6) a one-page snapshot of relevant debt indicators and summary of debt stocks and flows for six years (2010 and 2018-22) for each country, plus global income group and regional aggregates. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2023 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDR 2023 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031507458 , 3031507452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 120 Seiten) , 8 illus., 1 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs on Key Thinkers in Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Barrett, Brian Basil Bernstein
    DDC: 306.43
    Keywords: Educational sociology ; Sociolinguistics ; Sociology of Education ; Sociolinguistics
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Interventions ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy Reforms
    Abstract: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is facing economic challenges. The country is experiencing a growth slowdown with high levels of public debt. Growing current expenditure and debt service obligations amid sluggish tax revenue led to a widening fiscal deficit in the early 2010s, which remained high into the 2020s despite fiscal consolidation efforts. COVID-19 and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have disrupted human capital investment and are expected to have worsened the incidence of poverty and inequality. Fiscal policy can be an instrument to address these challenges, but its role has been constrained by a precarious fiscal position. This report analyzes the distributive effects of the Lao fiscal system and potential reforms to address current economic challenges. The analysis adopts the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology to assess the distributional impact of the Lao fiscal system on household welfare. The methodology disaggregates income to include or exclude fiscal interventions to analyze the impact of the fiscal system and each intervention on poverty and inequality. Fiscal interventions can be classified into three categories according to how they are imposed on households: direct interventions (direct taxes, social security contributions, and cash transfers), indirect interventions (indirect taxes and subsidies), and in-kind interventions (public health and education). The framework assesses how progressive a fiscal system and each fiscal intervention are and measures their impacts on poverty and inequality
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031513152 , 3031513150
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 108 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: IMISCOE Research Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fathi, Mastoureh Migration and Home
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Human Migration ; Migration Policy ; Sociology of Migration
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031262609 , 3031262603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 172 Seiten) , 38 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Uchida, Yukiko An Interdependent Approach to Happiness and Well-Being
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being ; Social psychology ; Positive psychology ; Sustainability ; Political planning ; Mental health ; Well-Being ; Cultural Psychology ; Positive Psychology ; Sustainability ; Public Policy ; Mental Health
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031395000 , 303139500X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 215 Seiten) , 32 illus., 22 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Arctic Encounters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Researching with Proximity
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Human geography ; Human ecology ; Civilization History ; Ethnology ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Human Geography ; Environmental Anthropology ; Cultural History ; Sociocultural Anthropology
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783031413445 , 303141344X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 269 Seiten) , 43 illus., 41 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Arctic Encounters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mobilities on the Margins
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Human geography ; Environmental geography ; Environmental management ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Human Geography ; Integrated Geography ; Environmental Management
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819951871 , 9819951879
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 133 Seiten) , 5 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Corneliussen, Hilde G Reconstructions of Gender and Information Technology
    DDC: 303.483
    Keywords: Science Social aspects ; Sex ; Industrial sociology ; Technology Sociological aspects ; Information technology ; Science and Technology Studies ; Gender Studies ; Sociology of Work ; Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) ; Science, Technology and Society
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031422645 , 3031422643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 428 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: IMISCOE Research Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Migrations in the Mediterranean
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Human Migration ; Migration Policy ; Sociology of Migration
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031359859 , 3031359852
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 239 Seiten) , 2 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Communication for Social Change
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Heywood, Emma Radio and Women's Empowerment in Francophone West Africa
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Communication ; Journalism ; Communication in economic development ; Sex ; Feminism ; Feminist theory ; Media and Communication ; Journalism ; Development Communication ; Gender Studies ; Feminism and Feminist Theory
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031420641 , 3031420640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 339 Seiten) , 30 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Intermediality
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Truth Claims Across Media
    DDC: 302.231
    Keywords: Digital media ; Intermediality ; Digital and New Media ; Intermediality
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031407833 , 3031407830
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 362 Seiten) , 20 illus., 15 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Managing Protected Areas
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Environmental geography ; Human ecology Study and teaching ; Conservation biology ; Ecology  ; Environmental policy ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Integrated Geography ; Environmental Studies ; Conservation Biology ; Environmental Policy
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819974177 , 9819974178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 107 Seiten) , 7 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: South-South Migration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H Arab Americans in the United States
    DDC: 305.8
    Keywords: Race ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Public health ; Race and Ethnicity Studies ; Sociology of Migration ; Public Health
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031476907 , 3031476905
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 193 Seiten) , 39 illus., 33 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hidaka, Kyoko The Art of Color Categorization
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Culture Study and teaching ; Visual Culture ; Cultural Studies
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819991013 , 9819991013
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 198 Seiten) , 14 illus., 11 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Indigenous Media and Popular Culture in the Philippines
    DDC: 306.095
    Keywords: Ethnology Asia ; Culture ; Popular Culture ; Mass media ; Ethnology ; Asian Culture ; Popular Culture ; Media Sociology ; Ethnography
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658438883 , 3658438886
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 166 Seiten) , 8 illus., 7 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stegbauer, Christian Super Weak Ties
    DDC: 301.01
    Keywords: Sociology ; Culture ; Sociological Theory ; Sociology of Culture
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031530395 , 303153039X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 131 Seiten) , 3 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Andreasson, Jesper Prostate Cancer, Sexual Health, and Ageing Masculinities
    DDC: 306.461
    Keywords: Social medicine ; Health ; Sex ; Cancer ; Health, Medicine and Society ; Gender and Health ; Cancers ; Sexuality Studies
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031456794 , 3031456793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 113 Seiten) , 16 illus., 4 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Sociology
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als NEETs in European rural areas
    DDC: 305.5
    Keywords: Social structure ; Equality ; Social policy ; Sociology ; Social groups ; Well-being ; Quality of life ; Social Structure ; Social Policy ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging ; Well-Being ; Quality of Life Research
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819960064 , 9819960061
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 210 Seiten) , 37 illus., 29 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Gulf Studies 11
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Women's Empowerment and Public Policy in the Arab Gulf States
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Sex ; Political planning ; Sociology ; Social groups ; Social legislation ; Labor economics ; Gender Studies ; Public Policy ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging ; Labour Law/Social Law ; Labor Economics
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031456350 , 3031456351
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 171 Seiten) , 15 illus., 13 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Agroforestry as Climate Change Adaptation
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Environmental geography ; Environmental management ; Sustainability ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Integrated Geography ; Environmental Management ; Sustainability
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031459764 , 3031459768
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 226 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research - A Palgrave and IAMCR Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Epistemic Rights in the Era of Digital Disruption
    DDC: 302.231
    Keywords: Digital media ; Human rights ; Mass media Political aspects ; Digital and New Media ; Politics and Human Rights ; Media Policy and Politics
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819986248 , 9819986249
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 200 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Li, Yan Internal Migration and Health in China
    DDC: 304.82
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Medical care ; Economic policy ; Social policy ; Social medicine ; Social structure ; Equality ; Sociology of Migration ; Health Care ; Socio-Economic Policy ; Health, Medicine and Society ; Social Structure
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819989720 , 9819989728
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 283 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Geographies of Media
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hanchard, Matthew Engaging with Digital Maps
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Science Social aspects ; Sociology, Urban ; Communication ; Human Geography ; Science and Technology Studies ; Urban Sociology ; Media and Communication
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031391019 , 3031391012
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 289 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Knowledge and Space 19
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Knowledge and Digital Technology
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Educational technology ; Human Geography ; Digital Education and Educational Technology
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789819971886 , 9819971888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 306 Seiten) , 15 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Manufacturing Refused Knowledge in the Age of Epistemic Pluralism
    DDC: 303.483
    Keywords: Science Social aspects ; Culture Study and teaching ; Expertise ; Anthropology ; Communication ; Science and Technology Studies ; Sociology of Science ; Cultural Studies ; Expertise Studies ; Anthropology ; Media and Communication
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819995691 , 9819995698
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 132 Seiten) , 13 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Yip, Jesse W. C Discourse of Online Social Support
    DDC: 306.44
    Keywords: Sociolinguistics ; Communication in medicine ; Social service ; Pragmatics ; Sociolinguistics ; Health Communication ; Social Work ; Pragmatics
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031152337 , 3031152336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 444 Seiten) , 21 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Rethinking Rural
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Becoming A Young Farmer
    DDC: 306.36
    Keywords: Industrial sociology ; Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Agriculture ; Sociology ; Sociology of Work ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Agriculture ; Sociology
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031242434 , 3031242432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 341 Seiten) , 15 illus., 14 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Globalization, Culture and Society
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Planetary Hinterlands
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Culture Study and teaching ; Globalization ; Science Social aspects ; Urban ecology (Biology) ; Bioclimatology ; Cultural Studies ; Globalization ; Posthumanism ; Urban Ecology ; Climate Change Ecology
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031399008 , 3031399005
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 258 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: IMISCOE Research Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cultural Change in Post-Migrant Societies
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Culture Study and teaching ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Human Migration ; Cultural Studies ; Sociology of Migration
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031413483 , 3031413482
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 333 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: IMISCOE Research Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Migration and Identity through Creative Writing
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Emigration and immigration Government policy ; Emigration and immigration Social aspects ; Human Migration ; Migration Policy ; Sociology of Migration
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819953622 , 9819953626
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 400 Seiten) , 9 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ikeda, Sanford A City Cannot Be a Work of Art
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Urban policy ; Economics ; Sociology, Urban ; Regional economics ; Spatial economics ; Human Geography ; Social Theory ; Urban Policy ; Economics ; Urban Sociology ; Regional and Spatial Economics
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031411151 , 3031411153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 320 Seiten) , 28 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stroeken, Koen Simplex Society
    DDC: 301.01
    Keywords: Philosophical anthropology ; Anthropology ; Ethnology ; Structuralism ; Anthropological Theory ; Sociocultural Anthropology ; Structuralism
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031458743 , 3031458745
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (V, 162 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ma, Haili Understanding CCI through Chinese Theatre
    DDC: 306.095
    Keywords: Ethnology Asia ; Culture ; Performing arts ; Theater ; Cultural policy ; Cultural property ; Asian Culture ; Theatre and Performance Arts ; Cultural Policy and Politics ; Cultural Heritage
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031401244 , 3031401247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 247 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adeola, Ogechi Gender Equality, Climate Action, and Technological Innovation for Sustainable Development in Africa
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Sex ; Bioclimatology ; Sustainability ; Ethnology Africa ; Culture ; Technological innovations ; Business ; Africa ; Gender Studies ; Climate Change Ecology ; Sustainability ; African Culture ; Innovation and Technology Management ; African Business
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031397295 , 3031397290
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 221 Seiten) , 14 illus., 12 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Quantifying Climate Risk and Building Resilience in the UK
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Human geography ; Environmental geography ; Climatology ; Environmental policy ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Human Geography ; Integrated Geography ; Climate Sciences ; Environmental Policy
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031401503 , 3031401506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 332 Seiten) , 11 illus., 10 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Third Sector Research
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Civil Society Elites
    DDC: 305.5
    Keywords: Social structure ; Equality ; Social service ; Political sociology ; Social Structure ; Social Work ; Political Sociology
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031456930 , 3031456939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 269 Seiten) , 16 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Creative Working Lives
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Creative Tools and the Softwarization of Cultural Production
    DDC: 302.231
    Keywords: Digital media ; Culture Study and teaching ; Digital and New Media ; Cultural Theory
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819945306 , 9819945305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 294 Seiten) , 26 illus., 17 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Identity, Space, and Everyday Life in Contemporary Northeast China
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Culture Study and teaching ; Ethnology ; Culture ; History ; Literature ; Anthropology ; Cultural Studies ; Regional Cultural Studies ; History ; Literature ; Anthropology
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9789819996377 , 9819996376
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 562 Seiten) , 219 illus., 184 illus. in color.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Communications in Computer and Information Science 2012
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing
    DDC: 303.4834
    Keywords: Computers and civilization ; Computer engineering ; Computer networks  ; Artificial intelligence ; Application software ; Computers and Society ; Computer Engineering and Networks ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computer and Information Systems Applications
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9789819962143 , 9819962145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 182 Seiten) , 24 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kakalis, Christos Place Experience of the Sacred
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Architecture ; Religion ; Phenomenology  ; Culture Study and teaching ; Cultural property ; Archaeology ; Human Geography ; Architecture ; Religion ; Phenomenology ; Cultural Studies ; Archaeology and Heritage
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amjad, Beenish Fiscal Policy, Poverty, and Inequality in a Constrained Environment: The Case of the West Bank and Gaza
    Keywords: Cash Transfer Program ; Commitment To Equity ; Comparative Analysis ; Fiscal Policy ; Indirect Taxes ; Inequality ; Inequality Reduction ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Tax Administration ; VAT
    Abstract: This report analyzes the distributional impacts of the main taxes and transfers on households' welfare in the West Bank and Gaza. The analysis uses the Commitment to Equity methodology, enabling comparison of the results to other countries where this framework has been applied. The report assesses the effects of government taxation, social expenditure, and indirect subsidies on poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza. The results indicate that the combination of taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza reduces inequality by 6.5 Gini points but increases the national poverty headcount by 8.4 percentage points. These fiscal policy outcomes on poverty and inequality reduction are below average in terms of desirability compared to other lower-middle-income countries. The taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza achieve most inequality reduction through in-kind benefits from public basic education and public hospitals, followed by the Cash Transfer Program and the value-added tax (VAT). Their large impact on inequality reduction is explained by a combination of their progressivity and their size relative to household income. The redistributive effect of direct taxes, customs duties, and indirect subsidies is zero or close to zero. Indirect taxes represent the fiscal interventions contributing most to the increase in national poverty; customs duties followed by VAT represent the largest burden on households' incomes. Direct transfers from social protection cannot offset the impoverishment effect from indirect taxes because they have very limited coverage. Only the poorest decile is a net cash beneficiary after paying taxes and receiving cashable transfers. The rest of the deciles are net payers to the fiscal system. To decrease poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza, the most significant policy recommendation to emerge from the analysis is to expand direct transfers to the second and third deciles to compensate for indirect tax burdens. Financing this reform is feasible through domestic tax mobilization or through rationalization of inefficient fuel and electricity subsidies that benefit the top income deciles most
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stokenberga, Aiga Leveraging Big Data to Understand Women's Mobility in Buenos Aires
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Public Expenditures ; Gender and Transportation ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Norms ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Mobility ; Transportation Planning ; Urban Transport ; Women and Public Transportaton ; Women's Agency
    Abstract: While the travelers' gender has not been a central consideration driving urban mobility planning, increasing evidence points to gender-differentiated mobility preferences and behaviors. This paper explores this topic in the context of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, aiming to identify policy relevant differences between the mobility of women and men. It does so by leveraging mobile phone--based data, combined with existing household travel survey data and an original large-scale interception survey implemented in late 2021 and early 2022. The paper provides descriptive analysis of key spatial and temporal mobility patterns as well as implements statistical analysis to identify whether gender represented a key determinant of mode choice in the context of the pandemic. The analysis finds that women in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area travel less, tend to have shorter individual trips, and are much more likely than men to travel during off-peak hours, including due to disproportionately taking on "care mobility" responsibilities. In terms of mode choices, women represent the majority of public transport users and are more likely than men to say they would cycle. However, women's share among public transport users and their actual cycling and walking appear to be spatially correlated with, respectively, the availability of public transport services and dedicated, safe infrastructure. The travel responses to the pandemic documented in the original survey data also suggest that women are more likely than men to switch from public transport to private motorized modes as soon as their incomes allow them to unless appropriate health safety measures are put in place
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiuratti, Frederico Are Regional Fiscal Multipliers on EU Structural and Investment Fund Spending Large? A Reassessment of the Evidence
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 Economic Recovery Package ; Environment ; EU Economies ; European Union ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Fiscal Multiplier ; Green Issues ; Monetary Union ; Short-Term Regional Fiscal Stimulus ; Social Risk Management ; Sustainable Green Growth
    Abstract: The European Commission's "NextGenerationEU" COVID-19 recovery package has underscored interest in the size of regional fiscal multipliers in Europe. While the objective of these funds is the long-term transformation toward more sustainable green growth and digitalization in EU economies, several recent papers have also focused on their short-term stimulatory effects and have estimated large short-term regional multipliers on historical EU structural and investment fund spending. This has contributed to a view that EU funds can boost growth substantially not only in the long term, but also in the short term in countries receiving large flows, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper reevaluates the evidence by estimating regional short-term multipliers using recent data on EU fund spending and a leave-one-out predicted disbursement schedule instrument. In contrast with much of the recent literature, there is little evidence of large relative GDP multipliers at either the national or subnational level in the short term. This is despite a strong response of regional investment to EU funds, which often increases euro for euro. The results suggest that expectations should be tempered on using EU structural and investment funds as a tool for short-term regional fiscal stimulus, and instead policy makers may want to focus on the long-term benefits of EU funds, in line with their original purpose
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Robayo, Monica Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective
    Keywords: Child Poverty ; Commitment To Equity (CEQ) Model ; Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Child Poverty ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Incidence ; Fiscal Policy ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Spending ; Taxation
    Abstract: This paper delves into Bulgaria's persistent issue of child poverty, even amidst policy efforts at the European Union (EU) and national levels. The study updates a comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) model, considering COVID-19's impact and a child-focused perspective, and simulates child-related policy interventions' effectiveness in alleviating child poverty. Our results show that Bulgaria's fiscal system has a limited impact on the overall at-risk of poverty rate, though it shows potential in reducing poverty for lower income deciles. Bulgaria's fiscal system reduces inequality compared to other countries with similar income levels, primarily driven by the substantial influence of direct transfers, education, and health allocations. Nevertheless, the redistributive effect of direct taxes and transfers remains comparatively modest within Europe. The study emphasizes the progressive nature of Bulgaria's fiscal components, benefiting the poorest through social benefits. When applying a child lens, our results show that fiscal policy is not very effective in addressing child poverty, as it reduces it by just 0.3 percentage points. However, means-tested programs targeting families and children play a significant role in mitigating child poverty. This research also underscores that specific households in Bulgaria face heightened vulnerability and may not receive optimal support from fiscal measures, including households with three or more children and lone-parent households, especially those headed by lone females. Microsimulation results suggest that enhancing child tax deductions among low-income earners and refining the design of child benefits to improve targeting effectiveness and generosity can notably contribute to child poverty reduction. The paper offers insights into more equitable policy design in Bulgaria's pursuit of combating child poverty
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Fiscal Capacity Estimation ; Fiscal Policy ; Intergovernmental Transfers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Subnational Tax Effort ; Tax Reform ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper discusses the application of the conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation using Indonesia's existing macroeconomic indicators. The authors find that Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population, and urbanization rate are good predictors for most tax sources. These three indicators also predicted the total district's OSRs well, providing an empirical foundation for an aggregated macro-based model to estimate all OSRs using the abovementioned variables. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: section 1 provides a description of Indonesia's system of intergovernmental transfers and subnational taxation. It shows subnational fiscal reliance on transfers rather than OSRs. Section 2 makes the case for reforming the DAU formula and explains recent efforts by the Government of Indonesia on that front. Section 3 discusses the limited existing empirical literature on estimating potential revenues for transfers formula. Section 4 explains and applies our conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation. It also provides the empirical justification to use an aggregated approach to estimation rather than estimating each individual tax base. Section 5 applies the aggregated approach to estimating potential revenues. Section 6 discusses the equity implications and makes the case for using district fixed effects. Finally, section 7 provides a conclusion of this paper
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHC ; Primary Health Care Performance ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) assessment conducted by the World Bank and the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) in collaboration with Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). The VSP provides an opportunity to assess the state of the primary health care (PHC) system in Fiji, highlighting areas of strength and challenges through the lens of the PHCPI framework. The framework organizes various domains and subdomains of primary health care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of PHC systems and emphasizes the capacity and processes of PHC service delivery and performance. Notably, while PHCPI recognizes the role of social determinants of health and intersectoral health promotion and prevention efforts as important factors influencing population health, the VSP is primarily focused on aspects of health service delivery. Fiji is one of four Pacific countries - alongside Kiribati, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands that have, with support of the World Bank, used PHCPI tools to take stock of current performance, safeguard what works well, and lay out a vision for areas requiring improvement
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658430443 , 3658430443
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 218 Seiten) , 2 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Islam in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Muslims in Europe
    DDC: 306.6
    Keywords: Religion and sociology ; Sociology of Religion
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wahby, Sarah Job Finding and Separation among Syrian refugees in Jordan and Their Hosts during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact on Refugees ; Human Rights ; Involuntary Resettlement Law ; Job Finding ; Job Separation ; Labor Market Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Refugee Camps and Resilience ; Refugees ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: Refugees face important barriers to participation in the formal market, which locks them in informal employment and makes them more vulnerable to shocks. Using data from Jordan, this paper compares the job finding and separation rates of Syrian refugees to those of their hosts before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the change in these rates over time for Syrians to be similar to those of their Jordanian hosts prior to the pandemic, with a significant divergence after the start of the pandemic. Distinguishing between Syrians living in camps and those living in host communities shows that the Syrian disadvantage was entirely explained by living in camps
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jakubowski, Maciej COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; International Student Achievement Tests ; Large-Scale International Learning Assessment ; Learning Loss ; Programme For International Student Assessment (PISA) ; Public Examination System ; School Closure Impact ; Student Achievement
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als El Mekkaoui, Najat For Labor or for Divorce? Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women's Labor Outcomes
    Keywords: Demographic and Health Survey ; Divorce ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Social Policy ; Intra-Household Bargaining ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Mothers Labor Force Participation ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unilateral Divorce ; Women's Agency ; Women's Labor Force Participation
    Abstract: Despite substantial progress in closing the gender gap, women's labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa remains one of the lowest globally, at a mere 18 percent. This paper investigates the effect of the introduction of unilateral divorce laws on women's labor outcomes, using data from the Demographic and Health Survey program that spans decades and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design in three countries: Morocco, the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Jordan. The results highlight that no-fault divorce legislation was associated with a modest increase in mothers' labor outcomes, measured by current employment, a few years after the reform. These findings are likely induced by a power shift and anticipatory effects that drive women into the labor force. However, when a longer time window is considered, 10 or more years after the reform, the study documents a negative effect of the reform on women's labor outcomes in Morocco, and a positive effect in the Arab Republic of Egypt and Jordan. These differences can be attributed to a set of countervailing effects, including social norms, labor market dynamics, and evolution of the legislation, that make the derived utility from marriage, in some cases, more attractive than that derived from employment, and vice versa. These findings partially confirm results from previous research on the relationship between no-fault divorce and women's agency and empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa region, but, at the same time, contrast with prominent perspectives on legislation that aims at reducing gender-based discrimination. Instead, they show that there might be undesired effects of legislation and provide a policy relevant discussion on that basis
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als AlAzzawi, Shireen Female Headship and Poverty in the Arab Region: Analysis of Trends and Dynamics Based on a New Typology
    Keywords: Female-Headed Households (FHH) ; Female-Headedness Typology ; Gender ; Household Survey Data ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Feminization ; Poverty Reduction ; Synthetic Panels
    Abstract: Various challenges are thought to render female-headed households (FHHs) vulnerable to poverty in the Arab region. Yet, previous studies have had mixed results and the absence of household panel survey data hinders analysis of poverty dynamics. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel typology of FHHs and analyzes synthetic panels constructed from 20 rounds of repeated cross-sectional surveys spanning the past two decades from the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Mauritania, the West Bank and Gaza, and Tunisia. The paper finds that the definition of FHHs matters for measuring poverty levels and dynamics. Most types of FHHs are less poor than non--FHHs on average, but FHHs with a major share of female adults are generally poorer. FHHs are more likely to escape poverty than households on average, but FHHs without children are the most likely to do so. While more children are generally associated with more poverty for FHHs, there is heterogeneity across countries in addition to heterogeneity across measures of FHHs. The findings provide useful inputs for social protection and employment programs aiming at reducing gender inequalities and poverty in the Arab region
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kalliny, Marize Are Global Value Chains Women Friendly in Developing Countries? Evidence from Firm-Level Data
    Keywords: Firm-Level Data ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Gender and Trade ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gendered Entrepreneur Data ; Global Value Chain ; Women's Empowerment ; Women's Trade Participation
    Abstract: Despite the efforts made to increase women's inclusion in the economy, they are still underrepresented in trade in general and in global value chains in particular. Thus, this paper aims at examining the impact of global value chains on women's trade participation as entrepreneurs and employees. It also analyzes how this effect is moderated through external (gender provisions in trade agreements) and internal (investment climate variables) factors. The analysis uses firm-level data for 154 developing economies and emerging markets with a special focus on the Middle East and North Africa region, being one of the regions with the lowest female labor force participation. The main findings show that global value chains integration increases the likelihood of being a female owner and the share of female employees, especially production ones. A less robust negative effect is found for the impact on being a female top manager. These effects are moderated by the inclusion of gender provisions in trade agreements and by the characteristics of the investment climate (especially tax policy, access to finance, and corruption). These results remain robust after controlling for the endogeneity of global value chains using an instrumental variable approach and a propensity score estimation method where the treatment is being part of a global value chains. Thus, global value chains can be perceived as a tool that boosts women's empowerment in emerging economies, especially in the Middle East and North Africa region
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mohieldin, Mahmoud Could Digital Inclusion Close the Gender Economic Gap in the MENA Region?
    Keywords: Access and Connectivity ; Connectivity and Gender Equity ; Digital Divide ; Equitable Development ; Female Labor Market ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Empowerment ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet Access ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Closing the gender digital divide by ensuring equal access to and benefit of the internet may reduce economic inequalities and close the gender gap in employment by providing new economic opportunities and facilitating access to market information. This paper estimates the impact of digital inclusion, measured by the Inclusive Internet Index on the female-to-male labor force participation ratio, while controlling for other economic and social factors. Using data from the World Development Indicators, the Economist Intelligence Unit database, and the World Bank's Women, Business and the Law database for 13 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region for four years (2018 to 2021), a pooled cross section dataset is constructed. The model is estimated using generalized least squares to control for heteroskedasticity. The results show that an inclusive internet environment would reduce the gender gap in the labor force. Other key drivers include the structure of the economic growth, norms, and gender roles in the society. These results are relevant for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals agenda, mainly goals 5 and 10
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ragui, Assaad Connecting People to Projects: A New Approach to Measuring Women's Employment in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Employment Survey Questionnaire ; Gender ; Gender and Rural Development ; Gender Informatics ; Household Enterprises ; Labor Market Panel Surveys ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Survey Design ; Women's Employment
    Abstract: Innovations to date in detecting women's employment have focused primarily on improving individual-level questions. This paper explores an alternative approach, using data on household enterprises and asking who participates in these activities. This research uses the latest waves of the Labor Market Panel Surveys for the Arab Republic of Egypt (2018) and Tunisia (2014). The research questions are (1) How do men's and women's employment rates change when adding enterprise-based detection questions to standard individual-level questions (2) Was the additional market employment detected with project-based approaches classified as subsistence work with individual measurement approaches (3) For which women is additional employment detected using project-based approaches The paper presents descriptive results on work based on the different approaches. It also estimates changes in state (being reclassified as working) from adding enterprise-level data. The findings show large increases in employment rates for rural women in both countries when including enterprise-based detection questions
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Disaster Finance ; DRFI ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; NCA ; North Central America
    Abstract: The objective of this feasibility study is to identify disaster risk finance and insurance (DRFI) solutions for up to 1.9 million family farmers in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study is motivated by an emerging consensus on the need to design and implement large-scale DRFI solutions to improve the financial resilience of family farmers in North Central America (NCA) and reduce their vulnerability to extreme weather events and climate risks. The feasibility study provides an initial assessment of the technical, operational, financial, and policy considerations for developing and implementing DRFI solutions for family farmers in NCA. The feasibility study considers lessons learned from existing large-scale DRFI solutions in peer countries as well as ongoing programs and pilots in NCA
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Abstract: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Matching Grants ; Mutual Funds ; Science and Technology Development ; Tech Incubator Program for Startup ; Technology Innovation ; Tips
    Abstract: This report investigates the case of a Korean public-private matching grant program called the Tech Incubator Program for Startup (TIPS). Launched in 2013, the program provides a package of support to selected startups, including matching grant for research and development (R and D) and mentorship, for up to three years. After ten years in operation, TIPS is particularly well suited to answer the question of whether public funding can help startups innovate and subsequently improve their performance. Using a dataset that includes 1,650 startups that applied for TIPS between 2013 and 2020, this research analyzes the effects of TIPS on recipients' performance and offers empirical evidence to inform entrepreneurship policy. The results show that TIPS positively affected startup performance one year after selection in terms of innovation input and output, although it did not have a significant effect on revenue or research collaboration activities. The report concludes with five lessons derived from Korea's policy experience in designing and implementing TIPS: (i) a well-designed coordination mechanism may serve as a viable public-private partnership model for fostering innovative startups, (ii) a co-investment model can crowd in private investment and achieve a multiplier effect by reducing the risk of investment in early-stage startups, (iii) complementary supports that target different stages of the startup lifecycle are needed, (iv) patient capital and continuity in entrepreneurial policy with a long-term view are key to nurturing a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (v) constant engagement with beneficiaries through data collection and monitoring enables the development of a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Broadband Infrastructure ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Outdated Legal Frameworks
    Abstract: Equitable access to broadband services is imperative to narrow the digital divide and for more people to benefit from digitalization. Compared to other ASEAN countries, the Philippines' internet connectivity lags in affordability, speed, and access, creating an uneven landscape for digital participation. Limited internet access curbs digital potential for citizens and businesses, with peri-urban connectivity being critical to future growth. The country's poor broadband infrastructure is rooted in outdated policy frameworks that stifle investment in rural areas and foster a market with weak competition, both of which hinder broadband expansion. Binding constraints underlying the Philippines' poor broadband infrastructure are inter-related, requiring a comprehensive package of reforms to yield desired entry, investment, and sector performance outcomes. The open access in data transmission (OADT) bill is a promising, viable start, among several proposals in Congress. Policymakers can build on immediate reforms through the open access bill as an entry point to broader and medium- to longer-term digital connectivity agenda. The cost of inaction - loss of growth opportunity, people remaining unequipped for future jobs, and widening of the digital divide - is too high for the Philippines
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Ghana assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ghana perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ghana on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ghana; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ghana; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ghana; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Ghana
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Conflict and Fragility ; CPE ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Drought and Climate Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mavroeconomic Vulnerabilities ; Unsustainable Development ; Weak Business Environment
    Abstract: The objective of this Country Program Evaluation (CPE) is to assess how well the World Bank Group supported Ethiopia in addressing key challenges that constrained its development and how that support adapted over time to respond to changing circumstances, an evolving relationship, and lessons from experience. The evaluation will cover fiscal years (FY)13-23. The time period is selected to include the last two Bank Group strategies to support Ethiopia and coincides with the period of theprevious two political administrations. The evaluation aims to inform the next Bank Group-supported Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ethiopia expected in FY25
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window (PSW)
    Abstract: The private sector is essential for creating jobs and prosperity in poor countries, but developing it is challenging, especially in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). The IDA Private Sector Window (PSW) is a blended finance facility that enables the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and third-party private sector investors to conduct high-risk transactions in International Development Association (IDA) countries and FCS countries. This evaluation aims to assess the usage, market development potential, and enabling factors of the PSW. The evaluation assesses how the usage of the PSW has changed from its inception in 2017 to 2023 and explores its potential market development effects and its enabling factors, namely concessionality (for IFC and MIGA) and additionality (for IFC). Concessionality is the level of subsidy needed for IFC and MIGA to offer transactions in PSW-eligible countries at market prices. Additionality is the unique support IFC brings to private investments (on a project basis) that is not offered by commercial sources of finance. It comprises financial and nonfinancial additionality. This evaluation assesses the PSW across three IDA cycles: IDA18, which covers FY18-20; IDA19, which covers FY21-22; and IDA20, which covers FY23-25. It updates the 2021 IEG early-stage assessment of the PSW (FY18-20) and complements the IDA20 PSW Mid-Term Review, which was prepared jointly by IDA, IFC, and MIGA
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Macroeconomic Performance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Public-Private Partnership ; Revenue Mobilization ; State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
    Abstract: The Lao PDR is facing unprecedented macroeconomic challenges, which jeopardize hard-won development gains. Over the past two decades, the country attracted considerable foreign investment and fostered regional integration, which contributed to a long period of high economic growth. Many human development indicators improved during the period 2000-2019, including child and maternal mortality, school enrolment, income poverty, and gender equity. However, economic growth was predominantly driven by large-scale investments in capital intensive sectors, such as mining and hydropower, which created few jobs and entailed environmental costs. Moreover, many public investments were financed by external debt, gradually jeopardizing debt sustainability and macroeconomic stability. Long-standing structural vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and adverse global macroeconomic conditions. Since 2021, the national currency has depreciated considerably, and inflation soared. This has had a large negative impact on living standards, with many households struggling to cope. Meanwhile, limited spending on education, health, and social protection is undermining human capital and thus economic growth prospects. Significant debt pressures, especially short-term external liquidity constraints, have pushed the country into debt distress. This Public Finance Review identifies priority reforms to restore macroeconomic stability and boost prosperity. The objective of this review is to assess recent macro-fiscal performance, evaluate emerging fiscal risks, and propose policy reforms to secure fiscal sustainability, restore macroeconomic stability, and promote shared prosperity. This report is comprised of five chapters covering the main aspects of fiscal management: chapter 1 evaluates recent macroeconomic performance while placing fiscal policy in the broader macroeconomic context. Chapter 2 assesses domestic revenue mobilization efforts and scope for reforms to enhance tax collection. Chapter 3 investigates the size and composition of public expenditure, as well as measures to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. Chapter 4 discusses reforms of state-owned enterprises with a view to improving their financial performance, operational management, and corporate governance. Chapter 5 documents the experience with public-private partnerships and provides recommendations to maximize value for money and reduce fiscal risks
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; KIRIBATI ; PHP ; PHPCPI ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: The assessment of Kiribati's primary health care (PHC) system, carried out by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Kiribati under the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI), marks a unique opportunity to identify the system's strengths and gaps and to catalyze further improvements. The PHCPI tools, including the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) methodology, provide important insights into the country's PHC system and generate actionable policy recommendations for improvement
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783658422509 , 3658422505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 263 Seiten) , 54 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rolfes, Manfred System-Theoretical Urban Development
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human geography ; Sociology, Urban ; Sociology Methodology ; Human Geography ; Urban Sociology ; Sociological Methods
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gatti, Roberta Dysfunctional Family Management: Family-Managed Businesses and the Quality of Management Practices
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Family Owned Businesses ; Management Practices ; Managerial Talent ; Private Equity ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Better managed firms perform better. Existing evidence has shown that family-managed firms have poorer management practices. Several reasons have been proposed. Limiting to family members reduces the talent pool of potential managers. Family management creates disincentives for other talented workers given that the environment is not meritocratic. Family managers themselves may be less motivated given that they may not have to compete for the position. This study scales up the evidence by exploring the relationship between family managers and management practices for about 9,000 medium and large firms across 41 developing and advanced economies. The study contributes to the literature by investigating several internal and external operating factors that attenuate or accentuate the relationship between family management and the quality of management practices. The engagement of governments in terms of corruption and political connections is found to be influential
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New Evidence from Micro-Data
    Keywords: Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Crop Agriculture Disaster Risk ; Disaster Loss and Damage ; Drought Losses ; Flood Loss ; Survey Data
    Abstract: Disasters affect millions of people each year and cause economic losses worth many billions of dollars globally. Reporting on disaster impacts in research, policy, and news primarily relies on macro statistics based on disaster inventories. The macro statistics suggest that a relatively small share of disaster damages accrues in Africa. This paper, instead, uses detailed survey micro-data from six African countries to quantify disaster damages in one key sector: crop agriculture. The micro-data reveals much higher damages and more people affected than the macro statistics would indicate. On average, 36 percent of the agricultural plots in the sample suffer crop losses due to adverse climatic events. In the countries and time period analyzed, these losses reduced total crop production by an average of 29 percent. Importantly, many of these losses are underreported or undetected in key disaster inventories and therefore elude macro statistics. In the case of droughts and floods, the economic losses recorded in the micro-data are USD 5.1 billion higher than in the macro statistics, affecting 145 million to 170 million people, more than four times as many as the macro statistics suggest. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that are not recorded in disaster inventories
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Serbia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Serbia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Serbia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Serbia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Serbia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Serbia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Serbia
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Guinea assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Guinea perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Guinea on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Guinea; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Guinea; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Guinea; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Guinea
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Saudi Arabia ; Women ; Women and Labor
    Abstract: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies have been a bright spot in an otherwise gloomy economic landscape. Average growthin the GCC surpassed 7 percent in 2022 led by Saudi Arabia, its biggest economy, which was globally the fastest growing large economy. This growth was not just a result of buoyant hydrocarbon prices but also continued growth of non-oil sectors. The latter was the result of persistent structural reforms undertaken by several GCC countries to improve the investment environment, promote flexible labor markets, and encourage women to join the labor market. GCC countries have used the windfall revenues from oil and gas to rebuild their buffers, pay down their debt, and shore-up their sovereign wealth funds. They have also sought to protect their vulnerable populations with continued subsidies on food, fuel, and utilities. Such policies have limited the impact of inflation on the domestic economy. Finally, GCC countries have also used their financial muscle to support economically weaker countries in the region. The stellar growth of 2022 is slowing down and growth is expected to moderate to 1 percent in 2023 before picking up again to 3.6 percent in 2024. The decline in economic activity in 2023 is driven by consecutive production cut decisions by OPEC+ in an effort to stabilize global oil prices. However, non-oil GDP continues its growth trajectory reaching 3.9 percent, resulting weaker integration between oil and non-oil sectors. To maintain this track record, GCC countries will need to continue to exercise prudent macroeconomic management, stay the course with structural reforms, and increase non-oil exports. Downside risks remain and it would be amiss not to mention them. The conflict in the Middle East presents major risks to the region and the GCC outlook if it extends or expands to include other regional players. While it is too early to quantify the impact and channels of the conflict, we already witness a 4 percentsurge in global oil futures. Although China is bouncing back after emerging from tight Covid-19 lockdowns, troubles in the real estate sector could still disrupt this trajectory. Persistent high inflation in the world's major economies has not been entirely vanquishedsuggesting a high interest rate environment for a longer period. Windfall revenues are anticipated as a result of higher oil prices driven by the conflict in the Middle East. However, the extent and duration of the conflict will play a pivotal role in determining economicramifications not only on energy markets but also on regional financial and trade markets and overall economic confidence. The Special Focus section of the report discusses the power of structural reforms and social norms in advancing female labor force participation in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia experienced an unprecedented surge in female labor force participation since 2016 as a result of: (i) changing regulations and the removal of legal barriers, shifting social norms, (ii) the implementation of sound structural reforms and (iii) effective government communications. Saudi Arabia's success in increasing female labor force participation from 17.4 percent in 2017 to 36 percent in 2023 offers important lessons to other countries in the region and the world
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Demand Shortfalls ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Growth ; Inflation ; Investment Shifts ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Property Sector
    Abstract: Economic activity in China has picked up in 2023, but the recovery remains fragile. Real GDP growth accelerated to 5.2 percent y/y in the first three quarters of 2023, driven by demand for services, resilient manufacturing investment, and public infrastructure stimulus. The initial phase of economic reopening triggered a surge in economic activity in Q1, but growth momentum decelerated rapidly in Q2 before recovering modestly in Q3. The volatile growth performance, compounded by persistent deflationary pressures and still weak consumer confidence, suggests continued fragility in the recovery. China's investment deceleration has been one of the key drivers of the overall growth slowdown in recent years. Together with the decline in aggregate investment growth, there has been a marked shift in the composition of investment. Structural reforms are crucial both to accelerate rebalancing towards higher consumption and to mitigate risks of inefficiencies in capital allocation. Following recent statements by policymakers, a renewed focus on structural reform implementation with specific measures strengthening the rule of law, independent enforcement of regulations, fostering competition, and ensuring a level-playing field could help ensure that resources are allocated to the most productive sectors and firms. Deepening financial sector reform will enhance market-based financial intermediation. Measures to improve the progressivity of the fiscal system, reform the hukou system, and foster inclusive finance will support household consumption growth
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm-Level ; Global Statistics ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Procurement ; WBES
    Abstract: Public procurement is at the intersection between the public and the private sectors. Policy makers and practitioners are increasingly paying attention to the potential catalytic role of public procurement to promote economic growth and inclusive and sustainable development, for example through participation of SMEs and women-owned firms in this market. However, despite a growing academic literature, there is still limited evidence on the link between public procurement and firms, which this paper contributes to address in two ways. First, this paper provides guidance on how to design a high-quality firm-level survey to study public procurement from the perspective of firms. Second, this paper presents some of the statistics and stylized facts that can be generated on public procurement from the existing World Bank Enterprise Surveys data, covering more than 150 countries worldwide. To sustain evidence-based policies in public procurement, firm-level survey data can be a valuable source of information on public procurement market. In particular, it can capture dimensions such as views and perceptions of firms that cannot be observed from e-government procurement data, it allows to study firms that never entered the public procurement market, and it provides data for countries that have not adopted an eGP system yet. Together with legislative and institutional reviews, and the analysis of transactional procurement data, firm-level survey data can be used to identify weaknesses of a public procurement system and inform reform efforts. This paper is part of a broader effort to continuously expand the available data, statistics, and tools for evidence-based policy making in public procurement
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Calice, Pietro Just Transition: Issues for Central Banks and Financial Regulators
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Finance ; Energy ; Energy Transition ; Environment ; Financial Regulators ; Social Changes
    Abstract: Recent calls on central banks and financial regulators to use the tools at their disposal to help mitigate the negative economic and social impacts of climate policies are based on several false analogies between the energy transition and the "just" energy transition. The same false analogies explain why voluntary efforts to incorporate just transition considerations into private financial decisions and products copying approaches from climate finance have so far failed to gain traction. None of the above invalidates the just transition as a political aspiration. However, only the government has the legitimacy and authority to identify the regions or sectors where the negative impacts of the energy transition are to be mitigated, determine the extent and instruments for this mitigation, and adjust them over time in line with shifting social preferences. This is an essentially political task that cannot be delegated to technocratic agencies. Nevertheless, within the parameters established by the government, central banks and financial regulators can play a supporting role by ensuring accurate data on the social impact of the energy transition, enforcing disclosure requirements, sensitizing financial firms to just transition--related risks, and raising awareness among financial firms. However, they must be cautious not to overstep their mandate, and remain mindful of the limitations of their toolkit and of the risks and potential unintended consequences of their actions
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Feriga, Moustafa Amgad Moustafa Ahmed Moustafa The Impact of Climate Change on Work: Lessons for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Labor ; Environment ; Labor Demand ; Labor Supply ; Productivity
    Abstract: What is the impact of climate change on labor Reviewing the evidence, this paper finds five areas of potential impact. Climate change may have an immediate effect on labor demand, labor supply and time allocation, on-the-job productivity, and income and vulnerability among the self-employed. In the medium term, climate change may lead to a reallocation of labor across economic activities and across space. Impact estimates typically rely on fixed effect estimation. These estimates require care when interpreted as they typically reflect the short-term direct impact of past events and abstract from potential adaptation. The paper discusses emerging work trying to address this, analyzing the responses by firms, farms, households, and workers. Together, the existing evidence points toward six potential areas of government response. Potential labor policies include green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by setting out avenues for future research in this field
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thomas, Alastair VAT Rate Structures in Theory and Practice
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Redistribution ; Reduced Rates ; Tax Law ; Tax Rate ; Tax Reform ; Value Added Tax (VAT)
    Abstract: Most countries' value-added tax (VAT) systems apply reduced VAT rates to a selection of expenditure items in order to achieve distributional goals, and (to a lesser extent) social and cultural objectives. This paper assesses the case for applying reduced VAT rates, with a particular focus on OECD countries where reduced rates feature prominently. It examines both the theoretical and empirical evidence, as well as practical considerations, and concludes that the case for reduced VAT rates is weak. In particular, the optimal indirect tax literature finds no redistributive role for reduced VAT rates when other more direct instruments are available. These theoretical findings are supported by the empirical literature that shows reduced VAT rates to be a poorly targeted means of supporting lower income households, particularly when compared to targeted cash transfer programs. Similarly, reduced VAT rates are unlikely to be a well-targeted way to encourage consumption of merit goods, while they also create significant administrative complexity. These findings have significant implications for tax reform in both developed and developing economies. In particular, where countries have the administrative capacity to implement effectively targeted cash transfer programs, they should use these programs to support poorer households instead of reduced VAT rates
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Accreditation Policies ; Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Education ; ECED ; Education ; GOI
    Abstract: Investments in early years of education and childhood development are among the most cost-effective and beneficial a country can make to tackle learning poverty, promote healthy child development, and enhance shared prosperity. Over the past two decades, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has scaled up its commitment to early childhood education and development (ECED) through various educational reforms, policies, programs, and financial investments. With the expansion of Indonesia's ECED system, the GoI has committed to improving its quality since the early 2000s. As a key mechanism to raise the quality of ECED services, the GoI actively encourages PAUD centers to become accredited. An analysis of factors that influence whether and how PAUD centers participate in the accreditation system is helpful to inform continuous quality improvement of Indonesia's ECED services. The World Bank is providing the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) technical assistance and advice to improve Indonesia's ECED system. Supported by the Learning for Human Capital Development Programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (PASA), this study was conducted to inform further improvements to Indonesia's ECED accreditation system. This report presents the findings from the abovementioned ECED accreditation system assessment and is organized in four main sections after an introduction. Section I describes the study's background and the country context, with emphasis on the ECED system and its quality assurance mechanisms. Section II details the methodology used. Section III presents a summary of the survey results. Section IV discusses the implications of the findings and outlines recommendations to inform accreditation policies and programs
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Early Childhood ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Capital Protection ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Strengths and Gaps
    Abstract: This human capital review assesses human capital outcomes in Mauritania and identifies actions to strengthen, utilize, and protect human capital. The government of Mauritania has demonstrated a strong commitment to placing human capital at the forefront of its long-term vision, with dedicated efforts focused on enhancing childhood health and education outcomes. Despite Mauritania's positive initiatives, the country's human capital wealth per capita has declined over the last 20 years; and it is imperative to look at ways to quickly reverse this situation. Children born today in Mauritania will only be 38 percent as productive when they grow up as they could have been had they enjoyed complete education and full health. Increasing the productivity of Mauritanians--both men and women--and thus allowing them to fully contribute to the development of their society entails transforming the human capital challenge to a human capital opportunity. This report takes a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach and proposes recommendations for building, protecting, and utilizing human capital in Mauritania
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Cyclonic Storm ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Natural Disasters ; Rakhine State ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation with limited access in Myanmar, the World Bank has adopted the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology to estimate damages arising from Cyclone Mocha. GRADE is a remote, desktop analysis to estimate damage to capital stock. This report summarizes the results of the GRADE conducted to assess damages following the impact of Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha in Myanmar during May 2023
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mongolia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mongolia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mongolia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mongolia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mongolia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mongolia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mongolia
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Kenya assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kenya perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Kenya on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Kenya; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Kenya; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Kenya; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Kenya
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; FDI ; Foreign Direct Investment ; FX ; Import Bans ; Improved Welfare ; Inflation ; International Economics and Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Oil Flows ; Private Sector Credit
    Abstract: Important reform decisions have been taken for Nigeria to avoid a fiscal cliff, and temporary compensation is being provided to help the poorest and most vulnerable households. In May and June 2023, the incoming administration undertook two critical policy decisions, which have resulted in price and exchange rate adjustments in the second half of the year. Targeted cash transfers are helping to cushion the adjustment to higher gasoline prices. On fiscal policy, budget planning for the next several years is consistent with sustaining the fiscal savings from the subsidy reform and mobilizing more revenues. However, the reforms are yet to be completed to fully realize the economic benefits. The FX market has remained volatile and is still in a period of continuing adjustment to the new policy approach. Revenue gains from the FX reform are visible, but more clarity is needed on oil revenues, including the fiscal benefits from the PMS subsidy reform. The economic outlook for Nigeria in the short to medium term hinges on the continuation and effectiveness of its macroeconomic stabilization agenda. Successful implementation of the initiated reforms will be the first step toward improving Nigeria's growth prospect. Moving decisively onto a higher long-term growth and poverty reduction path requires not only a stable macroeconomic environment but also concerted structural reforms
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Food Security ; Fragile Recovery ; Pollitical Challenges ; Water Resources ; Water Security
    Abstract: Somalia has remained on a strong economic reform path despite the various global and exogenous shocks that have continued to buffet the economy. Recurrent climate-related shocks, such as cycles of droughts, floods, locusts' infestation, higher international commodity prices, as well as increased insecurity and conflict, have interrupted the country's growth trajectory. However, this has not deterred the country's commitment to continue advancing reforms to strengthen key economic institutions and promote macroeconomic stability and recovery. As a result, Somalia has continued to make progress toward meeting the conditions for achieving the heavily indebted poor country (HIPC) completion point in December 2023. Within the framework of resilience, the eighth edition of the World Bank's Somalia economic update series provides an in-depth analysis of recent economic developments and growth outlook and makes a case for integrating climate change with Somalia's growth agenda. This report highlights macroeconomic policies and reforms that promote inclusive growth and institutional building including enhancing fiscal space for development priorities while strengthening expenditure controls; strengthening financial integrity; integrating Somalia into the global financial system; and improving debt management
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cortina Toro, Magdalena Little Nomads: Economic and Social Impacts of Migration on Children
    Keywords: Child Migration ; Education Services ; Migration ; Migration Influence on Children ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This paper reviews the main findings from 110 studies produced between 1990 and 2023, focusing on the impact of migration on various child groups affected through the migration path, including left-behind, immigrant (including voluntary and forced), and native children. The findings reveal that migration's influence on children's outcomes is complex and context- dependent, and it is dramatically influenced by household demographics and public policies. Key findings include the following: (i) left-behind children benefit from remittances but experience dramatic declines in their cognitive and non-cognitive development due to parental absence; (ii) immigrant children generally fare better than those in their origin countries but still underperform compared to native children in host countries; and (iii) the impacts of migration on native children is largely dependent on the adjustment of public service supply to the increased demand for public services. In cases where education services expand to meet rising demand, the effect on native children can be minimal or even positive. The paper emphasizes the need for more experimental or quasi-experimental research examining the effectiveness of programs supporting migrant and minor host children and calls for longitudinal data collection for better understanding the challenges and needs of migrant children, particularly in developing countries
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gascoigne, Jon The Welfare Cost of Drought in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Health ; Draught ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Consumption ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Social Protection and Climate Change
    Abstract: This paper quantifies the impact of drought on household consumption for five main agroecological zones in Africa, developing vulnerability (or damage) functions of the relationship between rainfall deficits and poverty. Damage functions are a key element in models that quantify the risk of extreme weather and the impacts of climate change. Although these functions are commonly estimated for storm or flood damages to buildings, they are less often available for income losses from droughts. The paper takes a regional approach to the analysis, developing standardized hazard definitions and methods for matching hazard and household data, allowing survey data from close to 100,000 households to be used in the analysis. The damage functions are used to quantify the impact of historical weather conditions on poverty for eight countries, highlighting the risk to poverty outcomes that weather variability causes. National poverty rates are 1-12 percent higher, depending on the country, under the worst weather conditions relative to the best conditions observed in the past 13 years. This amounts to an increase in the total poverty gap that ranges from USD 4 million to USD 2.4 billion (2011 purchasing power parity)
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Atamanov, Aziz The Costs Come before the Benefits: Why Donors Should Invest More in Refugee Autonomy in Uganda
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements ; Development Assistance Need ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Displacement ; Financial Inclusion ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Humanitarian Aid ; International Economics and Trade ; International Migration ; Labor Market Inclusion ; Poverty Reduction ; Refugees ; Self-Reliance
    Abstract: When host countries allow refugees to earn income, two main groups benefit: refugees, who become financially autonomous, and international institutions that can reduce the humanitarian aid that would otherwise be needed to support refugees. Uganda is one of the more progressive countries when it comes to promoting the financial independence of refugees and shifting from humanitarian aid to development ways of working. This note considers how successful refugees in Uganda have been in becoming financially independent and estimates how assistance has been saved due to these efforts at economic inclusion. Using the international poverty line of USD 2.15 in 2017 purchasing power parities to proxy the costs of basic needs, the results suggest that the amount of total aid needed was reduced by almost 45 percent. They also show that many refugees live in poverty, implying that the present combination of aid and work is inadequate to assure a decent standard of living. While more assistance is needed in the short run, reductions in development assistance are feasible but require upfront investments in refugee earning capacity to realize them
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Himelein, Kristen Implications of Choice of Second Stage Selection Method on Sampling Error and Non-Sampling Error: Evidence from an IDP Camp in South Sudan
    Keywords: Cross-Sectional Household Survey ; Displacement ; Economic Theory and Research ; Estimation ; Household Survey Design ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microeconomic Data ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Survey and Sampling Methods ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The most common sampling approach for cross-sectional household surveys in the developing world is a stratified two-stage design, where the first stage is usually a sample from a census-based area frame, and the second stage is a random sample of households from each of the areas selected in the first stage. To overcome the problem of outdated census frame information, it is common to conduct a household listing operation within these areas. However, these listing operations come with severe implications for survey costs, timeframe, as well as quality. To avoid such second-stage operations, some surveys choose alternate approaches for their second-stage operation. This paper compares five of these approaches, namely, satellite mapping, segmentation, grid square, the north method, and random walk, through simulations based on a census conducted in a refugee camp in South Sudan. The paper compares the simulated approach with the estimates derived from the actual experiment and finds that all the resulting estimates are biased. Nevertheless, in addition to their practical challenges, the satellite mapping, segmentation, and grid square approaches exhibit the smallest bias. Although random walk shows the worst performance in the simulations, it regains ground in its implementation, especially vis-a-vis the north method, where implementation adds most significantly to its bias. In conclusion, most probability-based methods perform better than non-probability methods like random walk and are therefore preferrable when no traditional household listing can take place. Although it is important to consider the theoretical properties of sampling approaches, implementation is at least as important. Training, implementation modalities, and monitoring of compliance are key factors in the overall performance
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artuc, Erhan Trade, Outsourcing, and the Environment
    Keywords: Border Carbon Adjustment ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Tariffs ; Carbon Tax ; CO2 Emission Leakage ; Environment ; Environment and Trade ; Environmental Policy ; International Economics and Trade ; Law and Development ; Tax Law
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of carbon taxation and border carbon adjustments in a setting where firms can choose to respond to taxation by abating or by outsourcing part of their production. For this, this paper sets up a general equilibrium trade model, calibrated with world trade and input-output data that features a discrete choice production structure, where the producers choose between outsourcing or abating emission-intensive intermediate production steps. The paper finds that border adjustments that cannot target scope 3 emissions can lead to outsourcing, and thus leakage, further down the value chain, but nevertheless induce higher abatement both in the countries that impose the border adjustment and in the ones affected by it
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study
    Keywords: East Asia ; FDI ; FDI Policy Reforms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics and Trade ; Liberalization ; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: A new report from the World Bank Group focuses on the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI), which encompasses foreign investment in new or existing firms and production facilities. FDI is a subset of overall capital flows, but it is perhaps the most critical because of its potential development impact and stability relative to other cross-border capital flows. Foreign capital flows to developing countries fell to an estimated USD 662 billion in 2022 from an average of over USD 1 trillion in the decade preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Declining investment flows to developing markets largely reflect weaker macroeconomic prospects, geopolitical tensions, as well as the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend is also linked to the ongoing process of shifting global value chains and the transformation of investment in terms of modes of entry, sources, and sectors, among other dimensions. Growing climate change impacts, rising interest rates, and policy changes in advanced countries--such as incentives for green investments and localization of supply chains for key technologies--have also had far-reaching implications for the allocation of investment across the globe. The study seeks to provide a granular analysis of shifts in foreign direct investment flows and policy trends and suggests responses that developing countries may consider in order to reverse recent declines and to enable more private capital to support their development needs
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