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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macro and Micro Features of Successful Economic Convergence : The Case of Poland (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This paper examines the patterns of growth of Poland, and its transition into high-income status over the past two decades from a macro and micro perspective. It benchmarks Polish performance with that observed in established high-income countries, and with that of others that have been trapped in middle--income levels and examines the role that integration into the EU had on growth. The analysis reveals, first, that Poland's growth process has been accompanied by a process of diversification of assets, including institutions, physical and human capital. Second, that the progressive integration into the EU bloc boosted growth and productivity because of three keyfactors: (i) increased openness to trade, investment and talent, (ii) increased domestic competition, and regulatory harmonization with EU, (iii) increased certainty in reforms, through a commitment to EU-institutions. Third, that for full convergence to high-income levels, Polish firms need to increase their innovative capacities. The paper extracts lessons applicable to other economies trapped in middle-income levels, as well as to Poland itself to consolidate growth looking forward
    DOI: 10.1596/31207
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Western Balkans Regular Economic Report, No. 17, Spring 2020 : The Economic and Social Impact of COVID-19 (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: In Spring 2020, Western Balkan countries - like most others in the world-have been forced to impose tight restrictions on economic life to contain the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic. In the first half of 2020, the world has seen explosive growth of infections with the deadly novel virus. As country after country has been forced to shut down large areas of social and economic life to slow contagion, the Western Balkans have not been spared. The first cases were recognized as early as the first week of March. As of April 27, 2020, the Johns Hopkins corona virus data center now reports that over 11,000 cases have been confirmed in the six countries in the region. In response, all six have enforced lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. International airports in all countries were closed for passenger traffic. The initial lockdowns have been extended. The capitals of Kosovo and Albania are under quarantine, as are other cities in the region. Key economic sectors, such as restaurants and nonessential retail, have been shut down. Travel and social gatherings have been restricted or banned, and schools and universities have been closed. The RER No. 17 is a collection of notes on the Economic and Social Impact of COVID-19. This includes three Notes: "Setting the stage: Reviewing the state and vulnerabilities of the Western Balkan Economies as they face COVID-19"; "Outlook: Hard Times Require Good Economics"; and the Western Balkan Country Notes
    DOI: 10.1596/33670
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inflation, liquidity and innovation (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Transport and Digital Development Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8436
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evers, Michael Inflation, Liquidity and Innovation
    Keywords: Liquidität ; Technologiewahl ; Innovation ; Investition ; Wirtschaftsmodell ; Entwicklungsländer ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a simple model with financial frictions where inflation increases the cost faced by firms holding liquid assets to hedge risky production against expenditure shocks. Inflation tilts firms' technology choice away from innovative activities and toward safer but return-dominated ones, and therefore reduces long-run growth. The theory makes specific predictions about how the severity of this adverse effect depends on industry characteristics. These predictions are tested with novel harmonized firm-level data from 139 developing countries, overcoming small sample problems constraining previous work. The analysis finds that inflation affects the composition but not the overall quantity of investment. A one percentage point increase in inflation reduces the establishment-level probability of innovation by 4.3 percent but does not affect total investment. Moreover, innovating firms display a stronger dependence on liquid assets, which, in turn, are negatively related to inflation. Generalized difference-in-differences estimations corroborate the sector-specific predictions of the theoretical model
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8436
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do politically connected firms innovate, contributing to long-term economic growth? (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8502
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Francis, David Do Politically Connected Firms Innovate, Contributing to Long-Term Economic Growth?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new evidence that cronyism reduces long-term economic growth by discouraging firms' innovation activities. The analysis is based on novel establishment survey data from The Arab Republic of Egypt which provides information on establishments' political connections, their innovation activities, and their access to policy privileges. The analysis finds that the probability that firms invest in products new to the firm increases from under 1 percent for politically connected firms to over 7 percent for unconnected firms. The results are robust across different innovation measures. Despite innovating less, politically connected firms are more capital intensive, as they face lower marginal cost of capital due to the generous policy privileges they receive, including exclusive access to input subsidies, public procurement contracts, favorable exchange rates, and financing from politically connected banks. These privileges are largest when compared with their direct competitors operating in the same 4-digit sectors. The findings suggest that connected firms out-rival their competitors by lobbying for privileges instead of innovating. In the aggregate, these policy privileges reduce Egypt's long-term growth potential by diverting resources away from innovation to the inefficient capital accumulation of a few large, connected firms. A wide array of supporting evidence suggests that this effect is causal and not due to selection
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8502
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serbia's New Growth Agenda : State Aid (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Abstract: Serbia spends relatively large amounts on state aid programs, many of which will have to be phased out or restructured to comply with EU laws. There is room to restructure the existing programs to target activities that have more growth and job dividends; for example, by targeting startups and innovating firms and phasing out support for ailing industries, state-owned enterprises, and large or old private domestic firms. Although Serbia's program to attract foreign direct investment has helped create new jobs, the focus should now shift to instruments that facilitate technology spillovers and domestic linkages. Finally, improving the scope and quality of data collection will contribute to better monitoring and more efficient targeting. The sooner Serbia starts to adjust its state aid programs, the larger the economic and fiscal benefits will be
    DOI: 10.1596/33570
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pyramid Capitalism : Political Connections, Regulation, and Firm Productivity in Egypt (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diwan, Ishac Pyramid Capitalism: Political Connections, Regulation, and Firm Productivity in Egypt
    Abstract: This paper uses an original database of 469 politically connected firms under the Mubarak regime in Egypt to explore the economic effects of close state-business relations. Previous research has shown that political connections are lucrative. The paper addresses several questions raised by this research. Do connected firms receive favorable regulatory treatment? They do: connected firms are more likely to benefit from trade protection, energy subsidies, access to land, and regulatory enforcement. Does regulatory capture account for the high value of connected firms? In the sample, regulatory capture as revealed by energy subsidies and trade protection account for the higher profits of politically connected firms. Do politically connected firms hurt aggregate growth? The paper identifies the growth effects of the entry of politically connected firms by comparing detailed 4-digit sectors where they entered, between 1996 and 2006, and sectors that remained unconnected. The entry of connected firms into new, modern, and previously unconnected sectors slows aggregate employment growth and skews the distribution of employment toward less productive, smaller firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7354
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enforcing competition and firm productivity : evidence from 1,800 Peruvian municipalities (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8714
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schiffbauer, Marc Tobias Enforcing Competition and Firm Productivity: Evidence from 1,800 Peruvian Municipalities
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper uses a unique data set that captures the elimination of subnational regulatory barriers to firm entry and competition across 1,800 municipalities and matches it with establishment census panel data to estimate the impact on establishment productivity and markups. The elimination of local barriers that were inconsistent with national legislation was the result of legal reforms that strengthened the mandate of Peru's competition authority. Legislative changes in 2013/14 empowered the competition authority to enforce the elimination of illegal, sector-specific subnational regulatory barriers to firm entry and competition, conditional on the existence of a precedence. The changes provide a unique quasi-experimental setting to identify the impact of enforcing competition within the controlled institutional environment of a single country. The paper finds that the elimination of subnational barriers to entry boosted the (revenue) productivity of establishments operating in reform municipalities and sectors relative to establishments in nonreform municipalities/sectors. But it did not raise the establishments' markups, which, if anything, declined, suggesting that physical productivity improved. The paper provides a wide range of evidence supporting a causal interpretation of this finding. The results suggest that strengthening the mandate of institutions enforcing competition is critical to raise productivity
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8714
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning or Leaning : Persistent and Transitory Growth Spillovers from FDI (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Davies, Ronald B Learning or Leaning : Persistent and Transitory Growth Spillovers from FDI
    Abstract: Using firm-level data for Jordan, the paper estimates the extent to which growth spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) to local firms stem from persistent learning externalities (i.e., they endure even after foreign investment leaves as knowledge has been transferred to local firms) or from transitory effects (e.g., demand increases that evaporate following isinvestment). The paper find that spillovers have a significant transitory nature, with employment and capital growth declining when FDI falls, particularly in downstream industries supplied by locals. This suggests that if FDI-attracting policies are intended to promote sustainable growth, it may be more effective to attract and retain FDI via long-term structural policies, for instance, through low corporate tax rates rather than temporary tax holidays or through policies that strengthen the domestic absorptive capacity and linkages between foreign and local firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7591
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Challenges to enterprise performance in the face of the financial crisis : Eastern Europe and Central Asia (2011)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821388013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 125 p)
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.50947
    Keywords: Business enterprises ; Business enterprises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Industries ; Industries ; Business enterprises ; Business enterprises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Industries ; Industries ; Business enterprises ; Business enterprises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Asia, Central ; Europe, Eastern ; Industries ; Industries ; Asia, Central ; Europe, Eastern ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century ; Asia, Central Economic conditions 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8800-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Jobs or privileges : unleashing the employment potential of the Middle East and North Africa (2015)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804052
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: MENA development reports
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Schiffbauer, Marc, 1978 - Jobs or privileges
    DDC: 331.120420956
    RVK:
    QG 730
    Keywords: Arbeitskräftepotenzial ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Labor market Middle East ; Labor market North Africa ; Manpower policy Middle East ; Manpower policy North Africa ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Arbeitsförderung ; Arbeitsbeschaffung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Akteur ; Wirtschaft ; Staat ; Nepotismus ; Wettbewerbsverzerrung ; Arbeitsförderung ; Arbeitsbeschaffung ; Privatwirtschaft ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitnehmer ; Beschäftigungspolitik ; Akteur ; Wirtschaft ; Staat ; Nepotismus ; Wettbewerbsverzerrung ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Manpower policy ; Manpower policy ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Nordafrika ; Naher Osten ; Mittlerer Osten ; Nordafrika
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on print version record
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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