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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (278 pages)
    Series Statement: MENA Development Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Growth ; Health ; Income ; Inequality ; Labor ; Micro Simulations ; Pandemic ; Phone Surveys ; Poverty ; Unemployment ; Welfare
    Abstract: COVID-19 is one of multiple crises to have hit the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in the decade following the Arab Spring. War, oil price declines, economic slowdowns, and now a pandemic are tearing at the social fabric of a region characterized by high rates of unemployment, high levels of informality, and low annual economic growth. The economic costs of the pandemic are estimated at about USD 227 billion, and fiscal support packages across MENA are averaging 2.7 percent of GDP, putting pressure on already weak fiscal balances and making a quick recovery challenging. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, MENA was the only region in the world experiencing increases in poverty and declines in life satisfaction. Distributional Impacts of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa Region investigates how COVID-19 changed the welfare of individuals and households in the region. It does so by relying on phone surveys implemented across the region and complements these with microsimulation exercises to assess the impact of COVID-19 on jobs, income, poverty, and inequality. The two approaches complement and corroborate each other's results, thereby making the findings more robust and richer. This report's results show that, in the short run, poverty rates in MENA will increase significantly and inequality will widen. A group of 'new poor' is likely to emerge that may have difficulty recovering from the economic consequences of COVID-19. The report adds value by analyzing newly gathered primary data, along with projections based on newly modeled micro- and macrosimulations, and by identifying key issues that policy makers should focus on to enable a quick, inclusive, and sustained economic recovery
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Leaving, Staying, or Coming Back? Migration Decisions during the Northern Mali Conflict (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hoogeveen, Johannes G Leaving, Staying, or Coming Back? Migration Decisions during the Northern Mali Conflict
    Abstract: This paper uses a unique data set to analyze the migration dynamics of refugees, returnees, and internally displaced people during the Northern Mali conflict. Individuals were interviewed monthly using mobile phones. The results cast light on the characteristics of these three groups before and after the crisis. In addition, the paper tests how employment status, security, and expectations affect people's willingness to go back home. The findings suggest that the decision to return is affected by a comparison of (opportunity) costs and benefits, but also by other factors. Individuals who are employed while displaced are less willing to go back to the North, as are better educated individuals or those receiving assistance. The opposite is true for those whose ethnicity is Songhai, as well as for those who originated from Kidal. The results show that higher educated individuals performed better when displaced and in case they decide to return, they find a job more easily
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8012
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    El Niño or el peso? : crisis, poverty and income distribution in the Philippines (2000)
    Washington, DC : World Bank, East Asia and Pacific Region, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2466
    Parallel Title: Datt, Gaurav El Niño or el peso?
    Keywords: El Niño Current Economic aspects ; Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; El Niño Current Economic aspects ; Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Philippines Economic conditions 1986- ; Philippines Economic conditions 1986-
    Abstract: In terms of its impact on poverty, the recent economic crisis in the Philippines was more of an El Niño phenomenon than a financial crisis
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37) , Title from title screen as viewed on Oct. 05, 2002 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Growth, inequality, and simulated poverty paths for Tanzania, 1992-2002 (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3432
    Parallel Title: Demombynes, Gabriel Growth, inequality, and simulated poverty paths for Tanzania, 1992-2002
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Although Tanzania experienced relatively rapid growth in per capita GDP in the 1995-2001 period, household budget survey (HBS) data show only a modest and statistically insignificant decline in poverty between 1992 and 2001. To assess the likely trajectory of poverty rates over the course of the period, changes in poverty are simulated using unit-record HBS data and national accounts growth rates under varying assumptions for growth rates and inequality changes. To this end the projection approach of Datt and Walker (2002) is used along with an extension that is better suited to taking into account distributional changes observed between the two household surveys. The simulations suggest that following increases in poverty during the economic slowdown of the early 1990s, recent growth in Tanzania has brought a decline in poverty, particularly in urban areas. Unless recent growth is sustained, the country will not meet its 2015 Millennium Development Goal (MDG). Poverty reduction is on track in urban areas, but reaching the MDG target for bringing down poverty in rural areas, where most Tanzanians live, requires sustaining high growth in rural output per capita. This paper--a product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management 2 Team, Africa Technical Families--is part of a larger effort in the Tanzania country team to investigate the relation between economic growth and poverty reduction"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/19/2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Reducing child malnutrition in Tanzania : combined effects of income growth and program interventions (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3567
    Parallel Title: Alderman, Harold Reducing child malnutrition in Tanzania
    Keywords: Children Nutrition ; Government policy ; Children Nutrition ; Income ; Children Nutrition ; Government policy ; Children Nutrition ; Income
    Abstract: "Malnutrition is associated with an inadequate diet, poor health and sanitation services, and insufficient care for young children. A combination of income growth and nutrition interventions are therefore suggested to adequately tackle this issue, yet evidence to support this claim is often not available, especially for African settings. The authors evaluate the joint contribution of income growth and nutrition interventions toward the reduction of malnutrition. Using a four-round panel data set from northwestern Tanzania they estimate the determinants of a child's nutritional status, including household income and the presence of nutrition interventions in the community. The results show that better nutrition is associated with higher income, and that nutrition interventions have a substantial beneficial effect. Policy simulations make clear that if one intends to halve malnutrition rates by 2015 (the Millennium Development Goals objective), income growth will have to be complemented by large-scale program interventions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/26/2005 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Which Inequality Matters? : Growth Evidence Based On Small Area Welfare Estimates In Uganda (2005)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (24 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schipper, Youdi Which Inequality Matters?
    Keywords: Cross-Country Data ; Data Sets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Growth ; Empirical Evidence ; Empirical Research ; Empirical Studies ; Equity and Development ; Growth Regression ; Growth Regressions ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Cross-Country Data ; Data Sets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Growth ; Empirical Evidence ; Empirical Research ; Empirical Studies ; Equity and Development ; Growth Regression ; Growth Regressions ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Cross-Country Data ; Data Sets ; Developing Countries ; Economic Growth ; Empirical Evidence ; Empirical Research ; Empirical Studies ; Equity and Development ; Growth Regression ; Growth Regressions ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population Policies ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor
    Abstract: Existing empirical studies on the relation between inequality and growth have been criticized for their focus on income inequality and their use of cross-country data sets. Schipper and Hoogeveen use two sets of small area welfare estimates-often referred to as poverty maps-to estimate a model of rural per capita expenditure growth for Uganda between 1992 and 1999. They estimate the growth effects of expenditure and education inequality while controlling for other factors, such as initial levels of expenditure and human capital, family characteristics, and unobserved spatial heterogeneity. The authors correct standard errors to reflect the uncertainty due to the fact that they use estimates rather than observations. They find that per capita expenditure growth in rural Uganda is affected positively by the level of education as well as by the degree of education inequality. Expenditure inequality does not have a significant impact on growth
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Socioeconomic Impact of the Crisis in North Mali on Displaced People (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Etang-Ndip, Alvin Socioeconomic Impact of the Crisis in North Mali on Displaced People
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of the 2012 crisis in Mali on internally displaced people, refugees and returnees. It uses information from a face-to-face household survey as well as follow-up interviews with its respondents via mobile phones. This combination was found to present a good and robust way to monitor the impact of conflict on hard-to-reach populations who at times live in areas inaccessible to enumerators. Results indicate that better educated and wealthier households as well as those exposed to less violence fled the crisis. Significant amounts of durable goods (20-60 percent) and animals (75-90 percent) were lost and the welfare of the displaced declined considerably as a result of the crisis. Yet over time its impact has diminished. By February 2015, most eligible children were going to school and employment levels and number of meals consumed were at pre-crisis levels. The paper finds that different ethnic groups chose different places of refuge. Depending on location, the narrative of the crisis and the solutions that are envisaged differ diametrically
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7253
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Microdata Collection and Openness in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) : Introducing the MENA Microdata Access Indicator (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ekhator-Mobayode, Uche Eseosa Microdata Collection and Openness in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): Introducing the MENA Microdata Access Indicator
    Keywords: Census Data ; Consumer Survey ; Data Openness ; Data Transparency ; Demographic and Health Survey ; E-Government ; Governance ; Household Survey ; ICT Data and Statistics ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Inequality ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Living Standards ; Living Standards Measurement Survey ; Microdata ; National Statistical Office ; Official Statistics ; Poverty Estimate ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Statistical Indicators
    Abstract: This paper uses a "mystery client" approach and visits the websites of national statistical offices and international microdata libraries to assess whether foundational microdata sets for countries in the Middle East and North Africa region are collected, up to date, and made available to researchers. The focus is on population and economic censuses, price data and consumption, labor, health, and establishment surveys. Following the exercise, a new microdata access indicator that measures the degree of opennes of microdata and the ease with which microdata users can understand and navigate the websites of national statistical offices is presented. The results show that about half of the expected core data sets are being collected and that only a fraction is made available publicly. As a consequence, many summary statistics, including national accounts and welfare estimates, are outdated and of limited relevance to decision makers. Additional investments in microdata collection and publication of the data once collected are strongly advised. National statistical offices in the region should make considerable improvements to the outlook of their websites to make them more user friendly. Specifically, microdata libraries and updated survey calendars should be a standard feature of the websites to ensure easy access to available microdata
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9892
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Does the 2015 Peace Accord in Mali Reflect the Priorities of Households and Local Leaders? (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lendorfer, Julia Does the 2015 Peace Accord in Mali Reflect the Priorities of Households and Local Leaders?
    Abstract: Using unique household level data collected in northern Mali in August and September 2015, this paper explores whether the content of the 2015 Peace Accord reflects the concerns and priorities of the citizens, local leaders, and refugees, or whether it is an exclusive agreement between elites who fail to represent the interests of the population at large. The study finds that local leaders' opinions are appropriate proxies for the citizens they represent, and most (but not all) of the measures stipulated in the Peace Accord align. The greatest divergence between citizen preferences and actions specified in the Peace Accord is the emphasis in the latter on road infrastructure. When different activities are costed, this disconnect becomes very apparent. The bulk of funds (45 percent) are apportioned to infrastructure construction, while the typical respondent prefers job creation; the poorest prefer investments in social services. However, most of infrastructure spending has been earmarked for the medium term. Short-term priorities reflect the preferences of the population in northern Mali much better. It is concluded that although the Peace Accord had all the elements to be an exclusive elite pact, its priorities largely reflect those of the population, granting it much higher probability of success
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7749
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Collecting High Frequency Panel Data in Africa Using Mobile Phone Interviews (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Croke, Kevin Collecting High Frequency Panel Data in Africa Using Mobile Phone Interviews
    Abstract: As mobile phone ownership rates have risen in Africa, there is increased interest in using mobile telephony as a data collection platform. This paper draws on two pilot projects that use mobile phone interviews for data collection in Tanzania and South Sudan. The experience was largely a success. High frequency panel data have been collected on a wide range of topics in a manner that is cost effective, flexible (questions can be changed over time) and rapid. And once households respond to the mobile phone interviews, they tend not to drop out: even after 33 rounds of interviews in the Tanzania survey, respondent fatigue proved not to be an issue. Attrition and non-response have been an issue in the Tanzania survey, but in ways that are related to the way this survey was originally set up and that are fixable. Data and reports from the Tanzania survey are available online and can be downloaded from: www.listeningtodar.org
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6097
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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