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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (16,415)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (14,032)
  • Wiesbaden : Springer VS  (2,383)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Interdisziplinäre Anthropologie : Jahrbuch (from 2014-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS ; 1.2013(2014) -
    Details
    ISSN: 2198-8277
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2013(2014) -
    DDC: 301.05
    RVK:
    MS 9350
    RVK:
    CV 2500
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Ersch. jährl.
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Geschlecht & Gesellschaft (from 1995-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. | Opladen [u.a.] : Leske + Budrich ; 1.1995 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2512-0883 , 2512-0905 , 2512-0905
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geschlecht & Gesellschaft
    Former Title: Geschlecht und Gesellschaft
    Former Title: Reihe Geschlecht und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Teils ohne Zählung
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Grundwissen Politik (from 1987-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Opladen : Leske und Budrich | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.1987 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2570-4397 , 2629-1037 , 2629-1037
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Grundwissen Politik
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 4
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie; Sonderhefte (from 1956-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Köln : Westdt. Verl. | Opladen | Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.[1956] -
    In:  Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
    Details
    ISSN: 0454-1340 , 0023-2653 , 2512-0980 , 2512-0980
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.[1956] -
    Additional Information: Index 1/11=Index 1/19 von Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1948 0023-2653
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Sonderheft
    Former Title: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie
    Former Title: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Sonderheft
    Titel der Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1948
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Soziologie ; Sozialpsychologie ; Forschung
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    BSZ
    GBV
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    HabitusAnalysis (2015-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Associated volumes
    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Bourdieu, Pierre ; Habitus (Sociology) ; Religion and sociology ; Bourdieu, Pierre 1930-2002 ; Habitus ; Soziologische Theorie
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Book
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Alter(n) und Gesellschaft (from 2004-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Wiesbaden : VS-Verl. ; 9.2004 -
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 9.2004 -
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Alter(n) und Gesellschaft
    Former Title: Vorg. Journal of African American men
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: 22 doppelt gezählt; unregelmäßig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie; Sonderhefte (from 1956-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Köln : Westdt. Verl. | Opladen | Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.[1956] -
    Associated volumes
    In:  Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
    Details
    ISSN: 0454-1340 , 0023-2653 , 2512-0980 , 2512-0980
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.[1956] -
    Additional Information: Index 1/11=Index 1/19 von Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1948 0023-2653
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Sonderheft
    Former Title: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie
    Former Title: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Sonderheft
    Titel der Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1948
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe ; Soziologie ; Sozialpsychologie ; Forschung
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 8
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Geschlecht & Gesellschaft (from 1995-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. | Opladen [u.a.] : Leske + Budrich ; 1.1995 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2512-0883 , 2512-0905 , 2512-0905
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1995 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Geschlecht & Gesellschaft
    Former Title: Geschlecht und Gesellschaft
    Former Title: Reihe Geschlecht und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Teils ohne Zählung
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    Weltkulturen Museum
    BSZ
    GBV
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Grundwissen Politik (from 1987-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Opladen : Leske und Budrich | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.1987 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2570-4397 , 2629-1037 , 2629-1037
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1987 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Grundwissen Politik
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
    GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie : KZfSS (from 1948-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Köln : Westdt. Verl. | Wiesbaden : Westdt. Verl. | Opladen : Westdt. Verl. | Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.1948/49(1948) -
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISSN: 0023-2653 , 1861-891X , 1861-891X
    Language: German
    Dates of Publication: 1.1948/49(1948) -
    Additional Information: Supplement Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie / Sonderhefte
    Additional Information: Index 1/19=Index 1/11 von Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie / Sonderhefte Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1956 0454-1340
    Additional Information: Index 1/19=Index 1/11 von Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie / Sonderhefte Wiesbaden : Springer VS, 1956 0454-1340
    Additional Information: 3,2/3=10; 5,2/3=11; 6,3/4=12 von Deutscher Soziologentag (ZDB) Verhandlungen des Deutschen Soziologentages Frankfurt, M. [u.a.] : Campus, 1911 0340-7365
    Additional Information: 4,2/3=2; 6,3/4=3 von Anthropologisch-Soziologische Konferenz (ZDB) Verhandlungen der ... Anthropologisch-Soziologischen Konferenz Köln [u.a.] : Westdt. Verl., 1952
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Kölner Vierteljahrshefte für Soziologie
    Former Title: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie
    DDC: 300.5
    RVK:
    MN 1000
    Keywords: Soziologie ; Sozialpsychologie ; Wirtschaftssoziologie ; Sociology Periodicals ; Social psychology Periodicals ; Zeitschrift ; Soziologie ; Sozialpsychologie
    Note: Repr.: New York, NY : Johnson; Bad Feilnbach : Schmidt , Beteil. Körp. bis 1961: Forschungsinstitut für Sozial- und Verwaltungswissenschaften; teils: Forschungsinstitut für Soziologie an der Universität Köln , Ab 11.1959 gleichzeitig als A.F. 23.1959ff. gez.; 4x jährl.
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    HU Berlin
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Kinder, Kindheiten, Kindheitsforschung (from 2010-)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS | Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss. ; 1.2010 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2512-0964 , 2512-0972 , 2512-0972
    Language: German
    Pages: 21 cm
    Dates of Publication: 1.2010 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kinder, Kindheiten, Kindheitsforschung
    Former Title: Kinder, Kindheiten und Kindheitsforschung
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Ersch. unregelmäßig
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    Journal/Serial
    DNB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Islamistischer Terrorismus in Deutschland : Analyse der Täterprofile deutscher Syrienrückkehrer auf Basis von Gerichtsakten (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658428303
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 342 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Weber, Kristin Islamistischer Terrorismus in Deutschland
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei 2023
    RVK:
    PH 8400
    RVK:
    PH 8760
    Keywords: Criminology. ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutsche ; Radikalisierung ; Djihad ; Terrorismus ; Täterprofil ; Biografieforschung ; Netzwerkanalyse
    Abstract: Einführung in die Thematik -- Fragestellung und Erkenntnisinteresse -- Forschungsstand zur Thematik -- Begriffserläuterungen zum Forschungsgegenstand -- International agierende Organisationen in Europa -- Datenauswahl und Zugang -- Die Aktenanalyse -- Social Network Analysis -- Die Gruppe der deutschen Jihadisten -- Von der Radikalisierung der untersuchten Jihadisten bis zum Anschluss an eine terroristische Organisation -- Gründe für die Hinwendung zum radikalen Milieu -- Die Religiosität der Täter -- Zwischenfazit Täter -- Die Rolle salafistisch-jihadistischer Prediger -- Zwischenfazit Prediger -- Die Netzwerkanalyse -- Zwischenfazit SNA -- Fazit.
    Abstract: Terrorismus ist noch immer eines der bedrohlichsten Phänomene der heutigen Zeit. In diesem Buch werden mithilfe von Gerichtsakten vom Generalbundesanwalt beim Bundesgerichtshof in Karlsruhe die Radikalisierungsprozesse von 58 deutschen Jihadisten analysiert. Durch das umfassende Datenmaterial ist es möglich, die Wege dieser Personen von der Radikalisierung bis zum Anschluss an eine terroristische Organisation im Ausland (u.a. Islamischer Staat) sowie ausgeübte strafrechtlich relevante Handlungen zu rekonstruieren. Mithilfe einer Netzwerkanalyse wird das radikale Netzwerk untersucht, das aus Deutschland mit Jihadkämpfern im In- und Ausland verbunden gewesen ist. Dabei wird ein Augenmerk auf den Aufbau, die Funktionsweise und die Schlüsselpersonen des Netzwerks gelegt. Auch werden die unterschiedlichen Rollen und Unterstützungshandlungen der Netzwerkmitglieder in den Fokus genommen. Zusätzlich werden strafrechtlich relevante Radikalisierungs- und Mobilisierungsstrategien salafistisch-jihadistischer Prediger entschlüsselt, die weitaus tiefere Verbindungen zu terroristischen Organisationen im Ausland haben als bisher angenommen. Die Autorin Kristin Weber ist Kriminologin, Soziologin und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Bereich der Radikalisierungs-, Terrorismus- und Extremismusforschung. An der Deutschen Hochschule der Polizei in Münster-Hiltrup hat sie ihre Dissertation im Rahmen des Projektes X-Sonar "Analyse extremistischer Bestrebungen in sozialen Netzwerken", welches vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert wurde, geschrieben.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-42830-3
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Muslims in Europe : historical developments, present issues, and future challenges (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658430443
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 218 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Islam in der Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Muslims in Europe
    Keywords: Religion and sociology.
    Abstract: Since the migration movements from Islamic countries, a Muslim diaspora has developed in many Western societies. While in classical Islamic theology residence in non-Muslim countries has always been a controversial issue, in the course of globalization and internationalization processes the classical distinction between "Islamic world" and "non-Islamic world" has been put into perspective. Now nearly 30 million Muslims live in Europe. The book offers an overview over Muslim communities in Europe, their history, present issues, and future challenges. The Editors: Rauf Ceylan is Professor for Contemporary Studies of Islam at the Institute for Islamic Theology, Osnabrück University. Marvin Mücke is research assistant at the Institute for Islamic Theology, Osnabrück University. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43044-3
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polizei und Sicherheit : Akteure - Heuristiken - Repertoires (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658414061
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 350 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Geschichte und Ethik der Polizei und öffentlichen Verwaltung
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Polizei und Sicherheit
    Keywords: Europe
    Abstract: Thema und Forschung -- Sicherheitsakteure -- Sicherheitsheuristiken und Sicherheitsrepertoires.
    Abstract: Als zentrale Sicherheitsexpertin des Staates trägt die Polizei durch ihre spezifischen Sicherheitsheuristiken und Sicherheitsrepertoires in hohem Maße dazu bei, wie städtische Räume wahrgenommen werden: als Räume der Sicherheit oder der Unsicherheit. Der vorliegende Band nimmt sich in 14 Beiträgen den historischen Kontexten sowie polizeilichen Wahrnehmungen, Bewertungen und Bewältigungen von sicherheitsrelevanten Situationen an. Im Fokus der Autor:innen steht die Analyse von Diskursen und Praktiken der Polizei vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart, sodass Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten in der Polizeiarbeit und Sicherheitspraxis sichtbar werden. Die Herausgebenden Dr. Martin Göllnitz ist Wissenschaftlicher Assistent an der Professur für Hessische Landesgeschichte der Philipps-Universität Marburg und PostDoc im Sonderforschungsbereich 138 „Dynamiken der Sicherheit“. Prof. Dr. Sabine Mecking ist Professorin für Landesgeschichte an der Philipps-Universität Marburg und Direktorin des außeruniversitären Hessischen Instituts für Landesgeschichte (HIL) in Marburg.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-41406-1
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung : eine empirische Analyse zur Herstellung des Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658435257
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 236 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Kassel 2023
    Keywords: Sociology. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Die Entwicklung der Sozialverbände – von der Kriegsopferbewegung zum sozialpolitischen Interessenvertreter und Rechtsdienstleister -- Die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung und der Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung – theoretische und empirische Annäherungen an ein Forschungsfeld -- Die Situiertheit der sozialrechtsbezogenen Beratung – Methodisch-methodologische Zugänge -- Die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung als Forschungssituation – fallspezifische Ergebnisdarstellungen -- Die Gewährleistung eines effektiven Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung -- Die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung ein Gatekeeper1 zum System sozialer Sicherung? Methodische Reflexion, zusammenfassende Darstellung der Ergebnisse und weiterführende Forschungsperspektiven -- Literaturverzeichnis.
    Abstract: In diesem Open-Access-Buch wird erstmals die sozialrechtsbezogene Beratung von Verbänden als Strategie im Zugang zum Recht in die Tiefe gehend analysiert und anhand von drei exemplarisch dargestellten Beratungssituationen die Herstellung eines Zugangs zum System sozialer Sicherung rekonstruiert. Die Beratung der Sozialverbände zu sozialen Problemlagen ist ein historisch gewachsenes Gefüge im Sozialstaat. Sie tragen mit ihrer Beratung dazu bei, dass Bürger:innen im Bedarfsfall Barrieren im Zugang zum System sozialer Sicherung überwinden und auf die sozialen Sicherungssysteme zugreifen können. Die Gestaltung des Beratungssettings ist dabei von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung. Die Autorin Katharina Weyrich ist Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der Universität Kassel, Fachbereich 01 Humanwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Sozial- und Gesundheitsrecht, Recht der Rehabilitation und Behinderung. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte sind Soziale Ungleichheiten und der Zugang zum Recht, rechtssoziologische Theorien, die Mobilisierung von Recht und Qualitative Forschungsmethoden.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43525-7
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: Cover
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Produktivität neu denken : Vom Trennungs- zum Vermittlungsbegriff (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658438586
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 436 S. 13 Abb.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management 2023
    Keywords: Economic sociology. ; Business ethics. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Einleitung: Ich bin produktiv, da ich leiste? - Das Problem des ökonomischen Produktivitätsbegriffs auf Individualebene -- Was ist Produktivität? Eine Spurensuche in der Philosophiegeschichte -- Zeitgenössische Kritiker des ökonomischen Produktivitätsimperativs: Erich Fromm und Hartmut Rosa -- Entwicklung eines humanistischen Produktivitätsbegriffs auf Individualebene -- Produktivität zwischen Subjekt und System -- Ist ein nachhaltiges System ein produktives System? Chancen und Grenzen einer geteilten Zukunftsvision -- Fazit -- Literaturverzeichnis.
    Abstract: Der Begriff der Produktivität findet täglich Verwendung, um die eigene Leistung zu bewerten. Darin, so die These, zeigt sich ein problematisches Verhältnis zur eigenen Tätigkeit. Denn was bedeutet Produktivität? Die Autorin geht von dem antiken weiten Verständnis von Produktivität als generellem Wirkprinzip aus und zeigt, wie sich Vorstellungen in Bezug auf das, was als produktiv gilt, gewandelt haben. Heute dominiert das ökonomische Verständnis, das die Beziehung zwischen Input (hervorbringender Natur) und Output (hervorgebrachter Natur) quantifiziert. Produktiv ist der Mensch, wenn er viel schafft – und nicht, wenn er ‚sich hervorbringt‘. Die Autorin entwickelt einen neuen Produktivitätsbegriff, der die menschliche Fähigkeit zu produktiver Selbstwerdung ins Zentrum stellt. So entsteht auch ein neuer Blick auf (humanistisch) produktive Arbeit, der diese nicht an Effizienzmaximen, sondern der Beziehung des Subjekts zur Tätigkeit festmacht. Zugleich soll Systemproduktivität im Subjekt verwurzelt werden: Das (wirtschaftliche) System gilt nicht mehr als produktiv, wenn es kurzfristig Gewinne, sondern nur, wenn es langfristig Bedingungen für Individual(re)produktivität bereitstellt. Der Begriff der Produktivität wird so (wieder) als Vermittlungsbegriff fruchtbar gemacht. Die Autorin Hannah Schragmann arbeitet in einem Start-Up daran, positiven Impact auf die SDGs zu skalieren und forscht zugleich zu neuen Ansätzen der (Re)Produktivitätsbemessung, die ökologisch-soziale Auswirkungen internalisieren.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43858-6
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Die Kybernetisierung des Selbst : Digitale Selbstvermessung als kybernetische Selbstthematisierung (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658437954
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 288 S. 1 Abb.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation FernUniversität Hagen 2022
    Keywords: Economic sociology. ; Science ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Digitale Selbstvermessung zwischen Heteronomie und Autonomie -- Kybernetisierung der Gesellschaft -- Taxonomien des Selbst in der Netzwerkwelt -- Selbstvermessung in der Netzwerkwelt -- Kybernetisierung des Selbst.
    Abstract: Die digitale Selbstvermessung ist eine neue Form der Selbstthematisierung an der Schnittstelle von Lebensführung, Technologie und digitalem Kapitalismus. Damit ist sie ein Barometer für die Denk- und Kontrollformen zeitgenössischer Technowissenschaftskultur. Eryk Noji untersucht die Frage, wie Selbstvermesser*innen ihre Apps und Geräte im Alltag situieren. Mit Hilfe der Selbstvermessung regulieren Nutzer*innen ihren Alltag flexibel im Sinne kybernetischer Kontrolle. Diese Kybernetisierung des Selbst knüpft die Aussicht auf individuelle Autonomie an die Technisierung von Feedback und wird von Noji in ihren Ambivalenzen diskutiert. Der Autor Eryk Noji ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrgebiet Soziologische Gegenwartsdiagnosen an der FernUniversität in Hagen und Koordinator der interdisziplinären Forschungsgruppe Figurationen von Unsicherheit. Zuvor hat er im DFG-geförderten Forschungsprojekt Taxonomien des Selbst. Zur Genese und Verbreitung kalkulativer Praktiken der Selbstinspektion zur Selbstvermessung geforscht.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43795-4
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbuch Umweltsoziologie (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658372187
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 929 S. 22 Abb., 12 Abb. in Farbe.)
    Edition: 2. Auflage
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Environmental sciences ; Knowledge, Sociology of.
    Abstract: Theoretische Zugänge -- Felder sozialökologischer Transformation -- Methoden -- Konzepte -- Governance, Politik, Wirtschaft.
    Abstract: Das Handbuch Umweltsoziologie bietet eine umfassende und aktuelle Übersicht über das breite und dynamische Forschungsfeld der Natur-Gesellschaft-Beziehungen. Es führt in aktuelle theoretische und methodische Ansätze im nationalen und internationalen Kontext ein und stellt den Stand der Forschung in klassischen und neuen Forschungs- und Praxisfeldern der Umweltsoziologie dar. Das Handbuch zeigt darüber hinaus die Herausforderungen und Chancen umweltsoziologischer Forschung in Kooperation mit anderen Disziplinen auf. Der Inhalt Theoretische Zugänge Felder sozialökologischer Transformation Methoden Konzepte Governance, Politik, Wirtschaft Die Zielgruppen Studierende der Soziologie und anderer sozialwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen mit Bezügen zu Umweltfragen Natur- und Ingenieurswissenschaftler*innen mit Interesse an gesellschaftlichen Fragen der Umweltforschung Entscheidungsträger*innen aus Zivilgesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik und Administration mit Interesse an einer soziologischen Perspektive auf Umweltfragen Die Herausgebenden Dr. Marco Sonnberger ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Arbeitsbereich Umweltsoziologie an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena sowie am Arbeitsbereich Technik- und Umweltsoziologie an der Universität Stuttgart. Prof. Dr. Alena Bleicher lehrt am Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Hochschule Harz in Wernigerode. Prof. Dr. Matthias Groß lehrt am Institut für Soziologie der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena und leitet das Department Stadt- und Umweltsoziologie am Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung – UFZ in Leipzig.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-37218-7
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  • 19
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    Navigating nationality : exploring the role and uses of national self-description for Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658438500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(xviii, 444 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kögel, Johannes Navigating nationality
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration ; Political sociology. ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Introduction: On unfamiliar territory -- Crossing borders in Southern Africa -- Doing research in postcolonial times -- Theoretical framework: Revising concepts of migration studies -- Finding ways to and in Cape Town: Challenges and mitigating factors -- Collective self-description: Actual, vague, and absent figures of identification -- The others: Comparisons to (other) collectives -- “It’s not easy if you are Zimbabwean”: Being Zimbabwean in South Africa -- Examining insider-outsider dynamics -- Nationality, citizenship, and belonging -- Conclusion: Paradoxes of nationality in theory and practice.
    Abstract: In recounting their migration journey, references to nationality pervade the narratives of Zimbabweans in South Africa. Given the challenges many migrants confront based on their nationality, this presents a seeming paradox. This qualitative interview study, conducted with Zimbabwean migrants in two areas of Cape Town—Observatory and Dunoon—aims to elucidate the nuances of national self-descriptions in a demanding environment. Identifying as Zimbabwean serves as a sanctuary and a retreat, where alternative identifications often prove transient; embracing Zimbabweanness fosters an affirmative and positive self-perception, surpassing the limitations of other collective self-descriptions. Rather than pre-emptively characterizing a nationalist demeanour, the articulation of national self-description emerges as a strategic tool to navigate experiences of hostility and discrimination, while also asserting legitimate claims to equal opportunities. In this way, nationality takes a trajectory that diverges from conventional notions of nationality (and the ones of the nation-state or citizenship) as per Northern theory, contributing to alternative conceptualizations within the framework of the Global South. About the author Johannes Kögel studied philosophy and sociology in Munich and Cape Town. He currently works as a research associate at the University of Munich (LMU München). He has conducted social research on diverse topics such as brain-computer interfaces, xenotransplantation, and migration in South Africa. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43850-0
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  • 20
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    Generalisiertes Vertrauen in automatisierten Journalismus : Bedeutung und Einflussfaktoren auf das Vertrauen deutscher Leser*innen (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658427351
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 279 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg 2023
    RVK:
    AP 15978
    Keywords: Journalism. ; Hochschulschrift ; Journalismus ; Textproduktion ; Computerunterstütztes Verfahren ; Publikum ; Vertrauen
    Abstract: Einleitung -- Grundlegende Begriffe:Journalismus und seine Publika -- Forschungsobjekt: automatisierter Journalismus -- Vertrauen in Journalismus -- Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauen in automatisiert generierte Nachrichtentexte: Forschungsstand zur Wahrnehmung der Lesenden -- Forschungsmodell und Ableitung der Forschungsfragen -- Methodik und Untersuchungsdesign: Focus Groups -- Ergebnisse -- Fazit.
    Abstract: In diesem Open-Access-Buch geht es um die Frage, wie Leser*innen in Deutschland automatisiert generierte Nachrichten wahrnehmen und welche Bedeutung sie den Verfahren im Journalismus zuschreiben. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob das Publikum dem automatisierten Journalismus vertraut und welche Einflussfaktoren bei dieser Entscheidung eine Rolle spielen. Zur empirischen Überprüfung wurden Focus Groups mit gezielt rekrutierten Leser*innen eingesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es keine monokausalen Antworten auf die Frage nach dem Vertrauen der Lesenden in automatisierten Journalismus gibt. Grundsätzlich stehen sie dem Technologieeinsatz neutral und gleichzeitig neugierig sowie – vor allem mit Blick auf die Zukunft – skeptisch gegenüber. Die Teilnehmenden fordern einen transparenten Umgang der Medienorganisationen mit automatisierter Berichterstattung und wollen mehr Informationen zum Einsatz, zur Verbreitung und zur Technologie haben. Als Einflussfaktoren auf die Vertrauensbewertung wurden ausgewählte Personen- sowie Text- und Publikationsmerkmale und Eigenschaften des Untersuchungsgegenstands getestet. Hohe Relevanz haben erkennbar die Angst vor gezielter Manipulation, die individuellen Vorstellungen über Künstliche Intelligenzen sowie die Kontingenz von Texten. Die Autorin Theresa Körner hat 2023 am Institut für Kommunikationswissenschaft der Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg zum Thema Vertrauen der Lesenden in Automatisierten Journalismus promoviert.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-42735-1
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 21
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    Gesundheitsaktivismus am Beispiel des Typ-1-Diabetes : #WeAreNotWaiting (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658430979
    Language: German , English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxix, 373 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of technology, science and society
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Woll, Silvia, 1982 - 2022 Gesundheitsaktivismus am Beispiel des Typ-1-Diabetes
    Keywords: Technology ; Technology
    Abstract: Vorwort -- Zusammenfassung -- Abstract -- Danksagung -- 1. Einleitung -- 2. Aktivismus in Medizin und Gesundheitsbereich -- 3. Typ-1-Diabetes -- 4. Kommerzielle Technologien für T1D -- 5. Methode -- 6. Die Open-Source-Closed-Loop-Systeme, die Community und die Auswertung der Interviews -- 7. Diskussion und Fazit -- 8. Handlungsempfehlungen und Ausblick -- 9. Referenzen -- 10. Anhang: Interview-Leitfäden.
    Abstract: Trotz großer Verbesserungen in der Versorgung von Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes (MmT1D) werden auch bei hoher Motivation und hohem Wissensstand der T1D-Grundlagen und -Therapie die angestrebten Blutglukose-Werte häufig nicht erreicht. Daher hat sich aus der Gruppe der MmT1D und ihrer Angehörigen eine Gemeinschaft zusammengefunden, die auf Basis kommerzieller Technologien sogenannte Open-Source-Closed-Loop-Systeme (OSCLS) entwickelt, welche eine automatisierte Insulinabgabe ermöglichen. OSCLS haben das Potenzial, das Management der Erkrankung zu erleichtern und normnähere Blutglukose-Werte zu erzielen. Die OSCLS sind jedoch weder offiziell geprüfte noch zugelassene Systeme. Aus dem Blickwinkel der Technikfolgenabschätzung untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit mittels leitfadengestützter qualitativer Interviews mit Nutzenden und Fachkräften vorrangig, warum sich die Nutzenden der OSCLS für die Systeme entscheiden und wie sich diese auf das Leben der Nutzenden sowie auf das Gesundheitswesen auswirken. Zudem ordnet diese Arbeit die OSCLS-Bewegung in vergleichbare aktivistische Bewegungen in Medizin und Gesundheit ein sowie in den Kontext der derzeit immer stärker werdenden Bewegung der Patient Innovation. Die Autorin Silvia Woll war als Geisteswissenschaftlerin seit 2015 als Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse (ITAS) im Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) tätig. Ihre inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte umfassten dabei Technologien für Gesundheit und Ernährung, Technikethik und partizipative Verfahren wie die Citizen Science.
    Note: Diese Arbeit wurde als Dissertation von Silvia Woll am Institut für Technikfolgenabschätzung und Systemanalyse (ITAS) des Karlsruher Institut für Technologie verfasst. Sie wurde aufgrund eines privaten Ereignisses der Verfasserin nicht mehr eingereicht
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43097-9
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  • 22
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    „Die drei Kulturen“ reloaded : Neue Perspektiven auf einen Klassiker der Literatursoziologie (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658428242
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 230 S. 6 Abb. in Farbe.)
    Series Statement: Literatur und Gesellschaft. Literatursoziologische Studien
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Culture. ; Knowledge, Sociology of. ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Eröffnungsvortrag -- Zeitdiagnostik als Lebenskunst. Georg Simmels Kultursoziologie in Form einer Kultur-, Kunst- und Lebensphilosophie -- Standort und Bodensaft und die eigene Natur […] ließen sie verschiedenartig gedeihen.“ Soziologisches Wissen und literarische Lebensgeschichten im europäischen Realismus des 19. Jahrhunderts -- Der Engel der Geschichte im Posthistoire. Walter Benjamins ‚geschichtsphilosophische Thesen’ zwischen Bild und Begriff, Literatur und Wissenschaft -- Luhmann, Elias und die »belles lettres«. Über Verwendungsweisen von fiktionaler, belletristischer Literatur in der Soziologie -- Le carnaval du Louvre in Émile Zolas L’Assommoir (1877). Vom euphorischen ,walk-of-fame‘ zum miserabilistischen ,walk-of-shame‘ -- Rückkehr zur Klasse: soziologisierte Gegenwartsliteratur in Frankreich und Deutschland (Eribon, Ernaux, Ohde, Baron) -- Autosoziobiografie ja, Gesellschaftsroman jein. Zu Anke Stellings Schäfchen im Trockenen -- Literatur und Soziologie als Genres der Reflexion monetären Wissens -- Hochschulforschung und Universitätsroman. Korrespondenzen, Diskrepanzen -- Zwischen den Kulturen. Liminale Texte George Batailles -- Michel Houellebecq und die Soziologie: Kautelen aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Sicht. Anti-sozialer Dandy vs. Erbe des Realismus.
    Abstract: Die Mitte der 1980er Jahre von Wolf Lepenies vorgelegte Studie "Die drei Kulturen" ist heute ein Klassiker nicht nur der Wissenschaftsgeschichte, sondern auch der Literatursoziologie. In ihm wird die Soziologie alsdritte Kultur zwischen Literatur und Naturwissenschaft ausgewiesen und deren jeweils spezifische Etablierung für England, Frankreich und Deutschland nachgezeichnet. Wie aber steht es heute um das Verhältnisvon Literatur und Soziologie und welche neuen Tendenzen zeichnen sich ab? Der vorliegende Band gibt zunächst Wolf Lepenies selbst das Wort und lässt anschließend Soziologen und Literaturwissenschaftler das zwischenDeutungskonkurrenz und -kongruenz schwankende Spannungsverhältnis kritisch bilanzieren. ZIELGRUPPEN Soziologen Kultur- und Literaturwissenschaftler, Wissenschaftshistoriker DIE HERAUSGEBER*INNEN: DR. CHRISTINE MAGERSKI lehrt als Professorin für neuere deutsche Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte an der Germanistischen Abteilung der Universität Zagreb. DR. CHRISTIAN STEUERWALD lehrt am Institut für Soziologie derUniversität Bielefeld.
    Note: Der vorliegende Band geht auf die interdisziplinäre Tagung „Die drei Kulturen reloaded“ (4./5. Mai 2022) zurück (Seite V)
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-42824-2
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  • 23
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    Räumliche Ungleichheit - wie ein Föderalstaat sehen : Entwicklung und Folgen einer quantifizierenden Territorialpolitik in Deutschland (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658437176
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 517 Seiten) , Diagramme, 1 Karte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bartl, Walter, 1975 - Räumliche Ungleichheit - wie ein Föderalstaat sehen
    Keywords: Human geography. ; Cultural geography. ; Social structure. ; Equality. ; Political sociology.
    Abstract: Räumliche Ungleichheiten innerhalb von Staaten haben jüngst an Bedeutung gewonnen, wie die geografische Verteilung von Wahlergebnissen in vielen Ländern zeigt. Das Buch analysiert die Rolle von Indikatoren sowohl für die Messung von räumlichen Disparitäten als auch für die Steuerung kompensatorischer Interventionen des Staates. Indikatoren vermessen Raum typischerweise in einem territorialen Schema, was nicht unbedingt den durch Praktiken konstituierten Räumen entspricht. Der Band untersucht die Territorialpolitik staatlicher Akteure in den Politikfeldern Kommunalfinanzen, Bildungsinfrastruktur, Regionalförderung und Asylverwaltung primär am Beispiel Deutschlands. Er zeigt, dass Indikatoren nur in einigen dieser Politikfelder eine Schlüsselstellung erreicht haben. Der Inhalt Einleitung: Räumliche Disparitäten und ihre staatliche Bearbeitung Why do Municipalities ‘Think’ in Demographic Terms? Ökonomisierung des Bildungssystems in schrumpfenden Regionen? Path Dependency, Demographic Change and the (De-) Differentiation of the German Secondary School System Schulentwicklungsplanung als ‚governance device‘ Governance Indicators and Responsiveness to Population Decline: School Closures in Practice and Discourse in Saxony-Anhalt Die demografische Reagibilität regionaler Hochschulsysteme. Folgen des demografischen Wandels für das Bildungssystem Measuring “equivalent living conditions”? The use of indicators in German federal spatial planning Institutionalization of a Formalized Intergovernmental Transfer Scheme for Asylum Seekers in Germany Boundary Objects zwischen Wissenschaft und Politik. Governing by Numbers: Key Indicators and the Politics of Expectations Forschungsertrag der Heuristik, Diskussion der Ergebnisse und offene Fragen Der Autor PD Dr. Walter Bartl ist Projektkoordinator am Institut für Hochschulforschung an der Martin-Luther-Universität und Privatdozent am Institut für Soziologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43717-6
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  • 24
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    Regulierung, Governance und Medienethik in der digitalen Gesellschaft (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658424787
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 309 S. 8 Abb., 6 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Mediensymposium
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Digital and New Media ; Media and Communication Theory ; Political Communication ; Communication ; Digital media ; Information theory ; Communication in politics
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-42478-7
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42478-7
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  • 25
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    Verlust, Abschied und Trauer in der Physiotherapieausbildung : Evaluation eines Unterrichtskonzeptes vor dem ersten Patientenkontakt (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658438333
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 88 S. 68 Abb)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: BestMasters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.461
    Keywords: Medical Sociology ; Health, Medicine and Society ; Social medicine
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43833-3
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 26
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    Social Identity Motivators in Environmental Collective Action : Patterns in Deciding to Participate in Extinction Rebellion (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658440473
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 102 p. 12 illus. Textbook for German language market)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: BestMasters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Sociology ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Environmental sciences / Social aspects
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-44047-3
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  • 27
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    By Disaster or by Design? : Transformative Kulturpolitik: Von der Polykrise zur systemischen Nachhaltigkeit (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658423179
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 637 S. 23 Abb., 10 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 2nd ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.42
    Keywords: Sociology of Knowledge and Discourse ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Sociology of Culture ; Knowledge, Sociology of ; Environmental sciences / Social aspects ; Culture
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-42317-9
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  • 28
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    Öffentlich-rechtliche Podcasts im Kontext von Hörfunk und Internet-Plattformen : Strukturen – Merkmale – Instrumente (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658434458
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 218 S. 45 Abb., 21 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Studien zur Intermedialität
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Communication
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43445-8
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  • 29
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    Wissens- und Technologietransfer im inner- und interdisziplinären Vergleich (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658437978
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 268 S. 17 Abb)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.483
    Keywords: Science and Technology Studies ; Science, Technology and Society ; Science / Social aspects ; Technology / Sociological aspects
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-43797-8
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  • 30
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    Von der Natur vorgesehen : Die natürliche Geburt als Ausdruck spätmoderner Weltbeziehungen (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658443443
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 281 S.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.461
    Keywords: Health, Medicine and Society ; Gender and Health ; Social medicine ; Health ; Sex
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-44344-3
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44344-3
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  • 31
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    Das Fahrzeug als Medienerlebnisraum : Mediatisiertes Fahrerleben – theoretische Modellbildung & empirische Exploration (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658443764
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXII, 246 S. 25 Abb., 10 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Media Reception and Media Effects ; Communication
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-44376-4
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44376-4
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Ausführliche Beschreibung
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Innovationen und Innovationspotenziale im öffentlich-rechtlichen Medienjournalismus (2024)
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Details
    ISBN: 9783658444518
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 118 S. 7 Abb., 4 Abb. in Farbe)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: BestMasters
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Media and Communication ; Digital and New Media ; Digital Journalism ; Communication ; Digital media ; Journalism
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-44451-8
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44451-8
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Ausführliche Beschreibung
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  • 33
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    Female Headship and Poverty in the Arab Region : Analysis of Trends and Dynamics Based on a New Typology (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als AlAzzawi, Shireen Female Headship and Poverty in the Arab Region: Analysis of Trends and Dynamics Based on a New Typology
    Keywords: Female-Headed Households (FHH) ; Female-Headedness Typology ; Gender ; Household Survey Data ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Feminization ; Poverty Reduction ; Synthetic Panels
    Abstract: Various challenges are thought to render female-headed households (FHHs) vulnerable to poverty in the Arab region. Yet, previous studies have had mixed results and the absence of household panel survey data hinders analysis of poverty dynamics. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel typology of FHHs and analyzes synthetic panels constructed from 20 rounds of repeated cross-sectional surveys spanning the past two decades from the Arab Republic of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Mauritania, the West Bank and Gaza, and Tunisia. The paper finds that the definition of FHHs matters for measuring poverty levels and dynamics. Most types of FHHs are less poor than non--FHHs on average, but FHHs with a major share of female adults are generally poorer. FHHs are more likely to escape poverty than households on average, but FHHs without children are the most likely to do so. While more children are generally associated with more poverty for FHHs, there is heterogeneity across countries in addition to heterogeneity across measures of FHHs. The findings provide useful inputs for social protection and employment programs aiming at reducing gender inequalities and poverty in the Arab region
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10672
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  • 34
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    Job Finding and Separation among Syrian refugees in Jordan and Their Hosts during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wahby, Sarah Job Finding and Separation among Syrian refugees in Jordan and Their Hosts during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact on Refugees ; Human Rights ; Involuntary Resettlement Law ; Job Finding ; Job Separation ; Labor Market Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Refugee Camps and Resilience ; Refugees ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: Refugees face important barriers to participation in the formal market, which locks them in informal employment and makes them more vulnerable to shocks. Using data from Jordan, this paper compares the job finding and separation rates of Syrian refugees to those of their hosts before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings show the change in these rates over time for Syrians to be similar to those of their Jordanian hosts prior to the pandemic, with a significant divergence after the start of the pandemic. Distinguishing between Syrians living in camps and those living in host communities shows that the Syrian disadvantage was entirely explained by living in camps
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10670
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 35
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    Estimating Economic Costs of Unhealthy Diets : A Proposed Methodology (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Horton, Susan Estimating Economic Costs of Unhealthy Diets: A Proposed Methodology
    Keywords: Agrifood Policy ; Cancer ; Diet Quality ; Food Choices ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Healthcare Costs ; Non-Communicable Disease ; Nutrition ; Obesity ; Undernutrition
    Abstract: Healthy diets have been characterized as responding to four universal principles--nutrient adequacy, dietary diversity, macronutrient balance, and moderation. With rising incomes, diet concerns globally have shifted from inadequacy of nutrients and lack of diversity, to lack of balance and moderation. This has occurred alongside declining rates of stunting and wasting in children under five and increasing rates of overweight and obesity across a broad age span. Calculations undertaken for low- and middle-income countries for policy and advocacy purposes of the economic cost of unhealthy diets have used nutritional status as a proxy or have made estimates of the impact of noncommunicable diseases by simply adding up known risks of individual diet factors. Both these methods have problems. This paper proposes a new methodology, taking advantage of recent, more holistic, measures of diet quality. Preliminary regression results are presented using cross-country data and the Global Dietary Recommendations Score and Minimum Dietary Diversity for women. The results suggest that diet quality variables generally have the expected signs, but there are also clear limitations of using cross-country data. The methodology could be applied in future to a limited number of broadly representative low- and middle-income countries data sets containing both diet recall data as well as measures of noncommunicable disease risk status. The analysis suggests that this work could inform policies such as the repurposing of existing agrifood policies to complement existing public health policies, to reduce the economic and health burdens imposed by unhealthy diets
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10671
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 36
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    The Impact of Climate Change on Work : Lessons for Developing Countries (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Feriga, Moustafa Amgad Moustafa Ahmed Moustafa The Impact of Climate Change on Work: Lessons for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Labor ; Environment ; Labor Demand ; Labor Supply ; Productivity
    Abstract: What is the impact of climate change on labor Reviewing the evidence, this paper finds five areas of potential impact. Climate change may have an immediate effect on labor demand, labor supply and time allocation, on-the-job productivity, and income and vulnerability among the self-employed. In the medium term, climate change may lead to a reallocation of labor across economic activities and across space. Impact estimates typically rely on fixed effect estimation. These estimates require care when interpreted as they typically reflect the short-term direct impact of past events and abstract from potential adaptation. The paper discusses emerging work trying to address this, analyzing the responses by firms, farms, households, and workers. Together, the existing evidence points toward six potential areas of government response. Potential labor policies include green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by setting out avenues for future research in this field
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10682
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 37
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    COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes : New Global Evidence from PISA (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jakubowski, Maciej COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; International Student Achievement Tests ; Large-Scale International Learning Assessment ; Learning Loss ; Programme For International Student Assessment (PISA) ; Public Examination System ; School Closure Impact ; Student Achievement
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10666
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Trade, Outsourcing, and the Environment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artuc, Erhan Trade, Outsourcing, and the Environment
    Keywords: Border Carbon Adjustment ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Tariffs ; Carbon Tax ; CO2 Emission Leakage ; Environment ; Environment and Trade ; Environmental Policy ; International Economics and Trade ; Law and Development ; Tax Law
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of carbon taxation and border carbon adjustments in a setting where firms can choose to respond to taxation by abating or by outsourcing part of their production. For this, this paper sets up a general equilibrium trade model, calibrated with world trade and input-output data that features a discrete choice production structure, where the producers choose between outsourcing or abating emission-intensive intermediate production steps. The paper finds that border adjustments that cannot target scope 3 emissions can lead to outsourcing, and thus leakage, further down the value chain, but nevertheless induce higher abatement both in the countries that impose the border adjustment and in the ones affected by it
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10665
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 39
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    Costing Disasters : Hedonic Pricing, Neighborhood Effects, and the Nepal Gorkha Earthquakes (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Floreani, Vincent A Costing Disasters: Hedonic Pricing, Neighborhood Effects, and the Nepal Gorkha Earthquakes
    Keywords: Climate Change Economics ; Earthquakes ; Environment ; Hedonic Price ; Housing Prices ; Imputed Rent ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microsimulation ; Natural Disaster ; Natural Disasters ; Neighborhood Effects ; Spatial Economics ; Welfare
    Abstract: Disasters are frequent and clearly harmful in developing countries, but precisely estimating their overall cost and distributional impact is challenging. This paper proposes a microsimulation approach to do so rapidly, borrowing concepts from both poverty analysis and urban economics. Because housing prices reflect the present value of a specific bundle of living conditions, local earnings opportunities, and local access to services, their change in the aftermath of a disaster can be interpreted as a measure of the welfare cost incurred by households. A hedonic pricing function is used to estimate such changes based on the destruction experienced by the dwellings themselves, but also on the overall destruction suffered by their surrounding areas. The first element captures the damage from worse living conditions, whereas the second captures the loss from diminished earnings opportunities and access to services. The proposed approach is illustrated by estimating the cost of the 2015 Gorkha earthquakes in Nepal. Overall, the estimated impact is comparable to that from the official assessment. But its spatial distribution is significantly different due to the pivotal influence of neighborhood effects
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10668
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  • 40
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    Labor Market Participation and Employment Choice in Ghana : Do Individual Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes Matter? (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amankwah, Akuffo Labor Market Participation and Employment Choice in Ghana: Do Individual Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes Matter?
    Keywords: Education ; Employment Outcome ; Employment Preference ; Gender ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Norms ; Gender Role Attitudes ; Informal Sector Measurement Study ; Labor Markets ; Multi-Stage Sampling ; Personality Traits ; Poverty Reduction ; Secondary Education Equity ; Self-Employment
    Abstract: In addition to the conventional determinants of labor market participation and the choice between wage employment and self-employment, there is a growing interest of the significance of gender role attitudes and personality traits. This study uses data from the 2022 Ghana Informal Sector Measurement Study to investigate the influence of these factors on employment outcomes in the Northern and Ashanti regions of Ghana. The findings are based on a series of analyses, including descriptive, multinomial logistic, and linear probability model regressions. The empirical results show the critical role played by both gender role attitudes and personality traits in shaping individuals' decisions on labor market participation and employment choices. Notably, personality traits emerge as significant drivers of observed employment outcomes. However, the impact of these personality traits is often mitigated or even reversed in the presence of heightened traditionalism. Furthermore, the gender-disaggregated analysis reveals that possessing at least a secondary education level is a pivotal factor in the selection of men into formal employment, whereas this criterion holds less significance for women. Conversely, once the decision to participate in the labor market has been made, having at least a secondary education becomes relevant for securing wage employment, regardless of an individual's gender
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10664
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 41
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    Could Digital Inclusion Close the Gender Economic Gap in the MENA Region? (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mohieldin, Mahmoud Could Digital Inclusion Close the Gender Economic Gap in the MENA Region?
    Keywords: Access and Connectivity ; Connectivity and Gender Equity ; Digital Divide ; Equitable Development ; Female Labor Market ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Empowerment ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Law ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet Access ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Closing the gender digital divide by ensuring equal access to and benefit of the internet may reduce economic inequalities and close the gender gap in employment by providing new economic opportunities and facilitating access to market information. This paper estimates the impact of digital inclusion, measured by the Inclusive Internet Index on the female-to-male labor force participation ratio, while controlling for other economic and social factors. Using data from the World Development Indicators, the Economist Intelligence Unit database, and the World Bank's Women, Business and the Law database for 13 countries in the Middle East and North Africa region for four years (2018 to 2021), a pooled cross section dataset is constructed. The model is estimated using generalized least squares to control for heteroskedasticity. The results show that an inclusive internet environment would reduce the gender gap in the labor force. Other key drivers include the structure of the economic growth, norms, and gender roles in the society. These results are relevant for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals agenda, mainly goals 5 and 10
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10663
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 42
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    Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Robayo, Monica Reassessing Welfare Impacts of Bulgarian Fiscal Policy through a Child Poverty Perspective
    Keywords: Child Poverty ; Commitment To Equity (CEQ) Model ; Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Child Poverty ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Incidence ; Fiscal Policy ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Spending ; Taxation
    Abstract: This paper delves into Bulgaria's persistent issue of child poverty, even amidst policy efforts at the European Union (EU) and national levels. The study updates a comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis using the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) model, considering COVID-19's impact and a child-focused perspective, and simulates child-related policy interventions' effectiveness in alleviating child poverty. Our results show that Bulgaria's fiscal system has a limited impact on the overall at-risk of poverty rate, though it shows potential in reducing poverty for lower income deciles. Bulgaria's fiscal system reduces inequality compared to other countries with similar income levels, primarily driven by the substantial influence of direct transfers, education, and health allocations. Nevertheless, the redistributive effect of direct taxes and transfers remains comparatively modest within Europe. The study emphasizes the progressive nature of Bulgaria's fiscal components, benefiting the poorest through social benefits. When applying a child lens, our results show that fiscal policy is not very effective in addressing child poverty, as it reduces it by just 0.3 percentage points. However, means-tested programs targeting families and children play a significant role in mitigating child poverty. This research also underscores that specific households in Bulgaria face heightened vulnerability and may not receive optimal support from fiscal measures, including households with three or more children and lone-parent households, especially those headed by lone females. Microsimulation results suggest that enhancing child tax deductions among low-income earners and refining the design of child benefits to improve targeting effectiveness and generosity can notably contribute to child poverty reduction. The paper offers insights into more equitable policy design in Bulgaria's pursuit of combating child poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10657
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  • 43
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    The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cho, Yoonyoung The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times
    Keywords: Cash Transfers ; Depression and Pandemic ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Mental Health ; Mental Health Crisis ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: When it comes to mental health, do social protection programs matter more in times of crisis Using panel data from the Philippines around the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study compares depression rates among beneficiaries of an existing conditional cash transfer program to those of non-beneficiaries of similar socioeconomic status. Depression rates were almost identical for the two groups in late 2019, but significantly lower for conditional cash transfer beneficiaries by July 2020, after the initiation of strict quarantine measures and a large emergency cash transfer program. One interpretation of the increased importance of the conditional cash transfer program during the pandemic is that these transfers have larger protective effects in times of vulnerability. Another possible reason is that the existing infrastructure of the program, by allowing for more timely distribution of the emergency cash, enhanced the effectiveness of the government's pandemic response for conditional cash transfer beneficiaries. This paper finds evidence supporting both explanations
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10669
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  • 44
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    Changing Foreign Direct Investment Dynamics and Policy Responses : White Paper for Japan's G7 Presidency (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Foreign Trade, FDI, and Capital Flows Study
    Keywords: East Asia ; FDI ; FDI Policy Reforms ; Foreign Direct Investment ; International Economics and Trade ; Liberalization ; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: A new report from the World Bank Group focuses on the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI), which encompasses foreign investment in new or existing firms and production facilities. FDI is a subset of overall capital flows, but it is perhaps the most critical because of its potential development impact and stability relative to other cross-border capital flows. Foreign capital flows to developing countries fell to an estimated USD 662 billion in 2022 from an average of over USD 1 trillion in the decade preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Declining investment flows to developing markets largely reflect weaker macroeconomic prospects, geopolitical tensions, as well as the lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The trend is also linked to the ongoing process of shifting global value chains and the transformation of investment in terms of modes of entry, sources, and sectors, among other dimensions. Growing climate change impacts, rising interest rates, and policy changes in advanced countries--such as incentives for green investments and localization of supply chains for key technologies--have also had far-reaching implications for the allocation of investment across the globe. The study seeks to provide a granular analysis of shifts in foreign direct investment flows and policy trends and suggests responses that developing countries may consider in order to reverse recent declines and to enable more private capital to support their development needs
    DOI: 10.1596/40934
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    Are Regional Fiscal Multipliers on EU Structural and Investment Fund Spending Large? : A Reassessment of the Evidence (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiuratti, Frederico Are Regional Fiscal Multipliers on EU Structural and Investment Fund Spending Large? A Reassessment of the Evidence
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 Economic Recovery Package ; Environment ; EU Economies ; European Union ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Fiscal Multiplier ; Green Issues ; Monetary Union ; Short-Term Regional Fiscal Stimulus ; Social Risk Management ; Sustainable Green Growth
    Abstract: The European Commission's "NextGenerationEU" COVID-19 recovery package has underscored interest in the size of regional fiscal multipliers in Europe. While the objective of these funds is the long-term transformation toward more sustainable green growth and digitalization in EU economies, several recent papers have also focused on their short-term stimulatory effects and have estimated large short-term regional multipliers on historical EU structural and investment fund spending. This has contributed to a view that EU funds can boost growth substantially not only in the long term, but also in the short term in countries receiving large flows, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper reevaluates the evidence by estimating regional short-term multipliers using recent data on EU fund spending and a leave-one-out predicted disbursement schedule instrument. In contrast with much of the recent literature, there is little evidence of large relative GDP multipliers at either the national or subnational level in the short term. This is despite a strong response of regional investment to EU funds, which often increases euro for euro. The results suggest that expectations should be tempered on using EU structural and investment funds as a tool for short-term regional fiscal stimulus, and instead policy makers may want to focus on the long-term benefits of EU funds, in line with their original purpose
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10658
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    The Effects of Matching Grants on Technology Startups : The Case of Korea's TIPS (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Matching Grants ; Mutual Funds ; Science and Technology Development ; Tech Incubator Program for Startup ; Technology Innovation ; Tips
    Abstract: This report investigates the case of a Korean public-private matching grant program called the Tech Incubator Program for Startup (TIPS). Launched in 2013, the program provides a package of support to selected startups, including matching grant for research and development (R and D) and mentorship, for up to three years. After ten years in operation, TIPS is particularly well suited to answer the question of whether public funding can help startups innovate and subsequently improve their performance. Using a dataset that includes 1,650 startups that applied for TIPS between 2013 and 2020, this research analyzes the effects of TIPS on recipients' performance and offers empirical evidence to inform entrepreneurship policy. The results show that TIPS positively affected startup performance one year after selection in terms of innovation input and output, although it did not have a significant effect on revenue or research collaboration activities. The report concludes with five lessons derived from Korea's policy experience in designing and implementing TIPS: (i) a well-designed coordination mechanism may serve as a viable public-private partnership model for fostering innovative startups, (ii) a co-investment model can crowd in private investment and achieve a multiplier effect by reducing the risk of investment in early-stage startups, (iii) complementary supports that target different stages of the startup lifecycle are needed, (iv) patient capital and continuity in entrepreneurial policy with a long-term view are key to nurturing a vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem, and (v) constant engagement with beneficiaries through data collection and monitoring enables the development of a dynamic monitoring and evaluation mechanism
    DOI: 10.1596/40932
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    Mauritania Human Capital Review : Building, Utilizing, and Protecting Human Capital for Inclusive and Resilient Economic Development (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Early Childhood ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Capital Protection ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Strengths and Gaps
    Abstract: This human capital review assesses human capital outcomes in Mauritania and identifies actions to strengthen, utilize, and protect human capital. The government of Mauritania has demonstrated a strong commitment to placing human capital at the forefront of its long-term vision, with dedicated efforts focused on enhancing childhood health and education outcomes. Despite Mauritania's positive initiatives, the country's human capital wealth per capita has declined over the last 20 years; and it is imperative to look at ways to quickly reverse this situation. Children born today in Mauritania will only be 38 percent as productive when they grow up as they could have been had they enjoyed complete education and full health. Increasing the productivity of Mauritanians--both men and women--and thus allowing them to fully contribute to the development of their society entails transforming the human capital challenge to a human capital opportunity. This report takes a comprehensive, cross-sectoral approach and proposes recommendations for building, protecting, and utilizing human capital in Mauritania
    DOI: 10.1596/40929
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    Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha, May 2023, Myanmar : Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Cyclonic Storm ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Natural Disasters ; Rakhine State ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation with limited access in Myanmar, the World Bank has adopted the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology to estimate damages arising from Cyclone Mocha. GRADE is a remote, desktop analysis to estimate damage to capital stock. This report summarizes the results of the GRADE conducted to assess damages following the impact of Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha in Myanmar during May 2023
    DOI: 10.1596/40921
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  • 49
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    Public Expenditure and Institutional Review and Financial Management in Education Analysis : Preventing a Lost Decade in Education in the Lao PDR (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Abstract: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
    DOI: 10.1596/40940
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  • 50
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    Assessment of Indonesia's Early Childhood Education and Development Accreditation Process (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Accreditation Policies ; Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Education ; ECED ; Education ; GOI
    Abstract: Investments in early years of education and childhood development are among the most cost-effective and beneficial a country can make to tackle learning poverty, promote healthy child development, and enhance shared prosperity. Over the past two decades, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has scaled up its commitment to early childhood education and development (ECED) through various educational reforms, policies, programs, and financial investments. With the expansion of Indonesia's ECED system, the GoI has committed to improving its quality since the early 2000s. As a key mechanism to raise the quality of ECED services, the GoI actively encourages PAUD centers to become accredited. An analysis of factors that influence whether and how PAUD centers participate in the accreditation system is helpful to inform continuous quality improvement of Indonesia's ECED services. The World Bank is providing the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) technical assistance and advice to improve Indonesia's ECED system. Supported by the Learning for Human Capital Development Programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (PASA), this study was conducted to inform further improvements to Indonesia's ECED accreditation system. This report presents the findings from the abovementioned ECED accreditation system assessment and is organized in four main sections after an introduction. Section I describes the study's background and the country context, with emphasis on the ECED system and its quality assurance mechanisms. Section II details the methodology used. Section III presents a summary of the survey results. Section IV discusses the implications of the findings and outlines recommendations to inform accreditation policies and programs
    DOI: 10.1596/40933
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    FY 2023 Serbia Country Opinion Survey : Pulse Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Serbia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Serbia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Serbia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Serbia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Serbia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Serbia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Serbia
    DOI: 10.1596/40911
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    FY 2023 Mongolia Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mongolia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mongolia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mongolia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mongolia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mongolia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mongolia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mongolia
    DOI: 10.1596/40909
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  • 53
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    China Economic Update, December 2023 : Which Way Forward? Navigating China's Post-Pandemic Growth Path (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Demand Shortfalls ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Growth ; Inflation ; Investment Shifts ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Property Sector
    Abstract: Economic activity in China has picked up in 2023, but the recovery remains fragile. Real GDP growth accelerated to 5.2 percent y/y in the first three quarters of 2023, driven by demand for services, resilient manufacturing investment, and public infrastructure stimulus. The initial phase of economic reopening triggered a surge in economic activity in Q1, but growth momentum decelerated rapidly in Q2 before recovering modestly in Q3. The volatile growth performance, compounded by persistent deflationary pressures and still weak consumer confidence, suggests continued fragility in the recovery. China's investment deceleration has been one of the key drivers of the overall growth slowdown in recent years. Together with the decline in aggregate investment growth, there has been a marked shift in the composition of investment. Structural reforms are crucial both to accelerate rebalancing towards higher consumption and to mitigate risks of inefficiencies in capital allocation. Following recent statements by policymakers, a renewed focus on structural reform implementation with specific measures strengthening the rule of law, independent enforcement of regulations, fostering competition, and ensuring a level-playing field could help ensure that resources are allocated to the most productive sectors and firms. Deepening financial sector reform will enhance market-based financial intermediation. Measures to improve the progressivity of the fiscal system, reform the hukou system, and foster inclusive finance will support household consumption growth
    DOI: 10.1596/40875
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  • 54
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    Reshaping Ukraine's Health Service Delivery : Vision and Investment Needs (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Economics and Finance ; Health Sector ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; International Financing ; Investments ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine has immense local impact and global consequences. Ukraine is experiencing huge human and economic suffering, which will have long-lasting effects. This war has been particularly devastating for the Ukrainian health sector, tremendously increasing the urgent need for specific services and simultaneously obstructing health outcomes and access to health care due to hostilities, disruption of service delivery, and damage and destruction of health facilities. Moreover, the recovery of Ukraine is shrouded in uncertainty as the duration of the ongoing war and the frequency and localization of the attacks are unknown, all occurring against the backdrop of economic challenges within the country and at a global scale. Despite an expected international effort to finance the recovery of Ukraine akin to the Marshall Plan, financial resources may not be easily available or may become more scarce and more expensive. Investments will receive more scrutiny, and competition for funds will increase due to monetary tightening, rising interest rates, and possibly sustained high inflation (International Monetary Fund 2022). However, in the short to medium term, Ukraine is expected to have favorable access to international financing on concessional terms. While Ukraine is struggling with the gruesome immediate impact of the war and a fight for survival, the shared understanding emerges that going back to business as usual will neither be possible nor desirable. This moment may also serve as a window of opportunity for rapid reform and innovation of health service delivery in Ukraine. Improving and reconstructing services while restoring and stabilizing them is critical to aiding a suffering population and to laying strong foundations of governance that will have lasting impacts into the country's future. This document provides a proposal for stakeholdersin the Ukrainian health sector on how service delivery may need to change, how to deal with this change, and how the health sector may come out stronger in the longer term. It focuses on the organization of health care service delivery and shares considerations of how it may develop using a long-term (10+ years) perspective
    DOI: 10.1596/40874
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  • 55
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    The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of Kiribati : A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; KIRIBATI ; PHP ; PHPCPI ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: The assessment of Kiribati's primary health care (PHC) system, carried out by the World Bank in collaboration with the Government of Kiribati under the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI), marks a unique opportunity to identify the system's strengths and gaps and to catalyze further improvements. The PHCPI tools, including the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) methodology, provide important insights into the country's PHC system and generate actionable policy recommendations for improvement
    DOI: 10.1596/40847
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  • 56
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    Voices of the Vulnerable : Promoting Access to Justice in Sub-Saharan Africa (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Legal and Judicial Sector Assessment
    Keywords: Access To Justice ; Cameroon ; Data Gap ; Ethiopia ; Gender and Marital Gaps ; Law and Development ; Legal Reform ; Legal System ; Sierra Leone ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Zanzibar
    Abstract: Limited access to justice is a root cause of underdevelopment, social unrest, and conflict. Expanding access to all and especially vulnerable groups including women, the young, small business owners and the poor is clearly paramount for a peaceful and prosperous continent. Justice means different things to different people, particularly the multiple actors who design and administer justice systems and affect the outcomes. Elected leaders eager to respect aspirations for a fair society with human rights and accountable governance. Judges, lawyers, and service providers view justice as a moral duty to guarantee fairness before the law. Business leaders look to courts to resolve contract disputes and keep transaction costs and risks low. Yet the voices of vulnerable groups, who are the most impacted when justice fails, are not often heard in discussions regarding justice systems. This book aims to boost knowledge and improve decision making by exploring the perspectives of what justice means to the most vulnerable people and how to improve their access to justice
    DOI: 10.1596/40879
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  • 57
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    Advancing Social Protection in the Western Balkans : Opportunities for Reform (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Employment and Labor Market ; Expanded Coverage ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Western Balkans
    Abstract: Reforming social protection systems has become more important recently due to various global crises, drawing attention to this unfinished agenda in the Western Balkans. The six Western Balkan countries, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, need social protection more than ever. Millions of people in the region remain vulnerable to a range of well-known risks, with shocks and new sources of vulnerability exacerbating the urgency of reform. These countries are taking steps to improve their social protection systems to make them fairer, more sustainable, more effective, and better able to respond to people's needs. However, progress is slow and uneven. Social protection systems across the Western Balkans are comprehensive and complex, spanning multiple objectives. To reduce poverty and vulnerability, reforms are necessary, and governments should focus on four main areas: (i) establishing strong foundations for social protection systems to better respond to crises; (ii) expanding coverage and effectiveness of poverty-targeted programs to improve inclusion and support for vulnerable populations; (iii) facilitating access to better employment opportunities and promoting labor market inclusion; and (iv) ensuring the financial sustainability of social protection programs for long-term effectiveness
    DOI: 10.1596/40828
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    Evidence on Public Procurement from Firm-Level Surveys : Global Statistics from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and a Novel Public Procurement Survey Module (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm-Level ; Global Statistics ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Procurement ; WBES
    Abstract: Public procurement is at the intersection between the public and the private sectors. Policy makers and practitioners are increasingly paying attention to the potential catalytic role of public procurement to promote economic growth and inclusive and sustainable development, for example through participation of SMEs and women-owned firms in this market. However, despite a growing academic literature, there is still limited evidence on the link between public procurement and firms, which this paper contributes to address in two ways. First, this paper provides guidance on how to design a high-quality firm-level survey to study public procurement from the perspective of firms. Second, this paper presents some of the statistics and stylized facts that can be generated on public procurement from the existing World Bank Enterprise Surveys data, covering more than 150 countries worldwide. To sustain evidence-based policies in public procurement, firm-level survey data can be a valuable source of information on public procurement market. In particular, it can capture dimensions such as views and perceptions of firms that cannot be observed from e-government procurement data, it allows to study firms that never entered the public procurement market, and it provides data for countries that have not adopted an eGP system yet. Together with legislative and institutional reviews, and the analysis of transactional procurement data, firm-level survey data can be used to identify weaknesses of a public procurement system and inform reform efforts. This paper is part of a broader effort to continuously expand the available data, statistics, and tools for evidence-based policy making in public procurement
    DOI: 10.1596/40822
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    Little Nomads : Economic and Social Impacts of Migration on Children (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cortina Toro, Magdalena Little Nomads: Economic and Social Impacts of Migration on Children
    Keywords: Child Migration ; Education Services ; Migration ; Migration Influence on Children ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This paper reviews the main findings from 110 studies produced between 1990 and 2023, focusing on the impact of migration on various child groups affected through the migration path, including left-behind, immigrant (including voluntary and forced), and native children. The findings reveal that migration's influence on children's outcomes is complex and context- dependent, and it is dramatically influenced by household demographics and public policies. Key findings include the following: (i) left-behind children benefit from remittances but experience dramatic declines in their cognitive and non-cognitive development due to parental absence; (ii) immigrant children generally fare better than those in their origin countries but still underperform compared to native children in host countries; and (iii) the impacts of migration on native children is largely dependent on the adjustment of public service supply to the increased demand for public services. In cases where education services expand to meet rising demand, the effect on native children can be minimal or even positive. The paper emphasizes the need for more experimental or quasi-experimental research examining the effectiveness of programs supporting migrant and minor host children and calls for longitudinal data collection for better understanding the challenges and needs of migrant children, particularly in developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10686
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    Fiscal Policy, Poverty, and Inequality in a Constrained Environment : The Case of the West Bank and Gaza (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amjad, Beenish Fiscal Policy, Poverty, and Inequality in a Constrained Environment: The Case of the West Bank and Gaza
    Keywords: Cash Transfer Program ; Commitment To Equity ; Comparative Analysis ; Fiscal Policy ; Indirect Taxes ; Inequality ; Inequality Reduction ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Tax Administration ; VAT
    Abstract: This report analyzes the distributional impacts of the main taxes and transfers on households' welfare in the West Bank and Gaza. The analysis uses the Commitment to Equity methodology, enabling comparison of the results to other countries where this framework has been applied. The report assesses the effects of government taxation, social expenditure, and indirect subsidies on poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza. The results indicate that the combination of taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza reduces inequality by 6.5 Gini points but increases the national poverty headcount by 8.4 percentage points. These fiscal policy outcomes on poverty and inequality reduction are below average in terms of desirability compared to other lower-middle-income countries. The taxes and transfers modelled in the West Bank and Gaza achieve most inequality reduction through in-kind benefits from public basic education and public hospitals, followed by the Cash Transfer Program and the value-added tax (VAT). Their large impact on inequality reduction is explained by a combination of their progressivity and their size relative to household income. The redistributive effect of direct taxes, customs duties, and indirect subsidies is zero or close to zero. Indirect taxes represent the fiscal interventions contributing most to the increase in national poverty; customs duties followed by VAT represent the largest burden on households' incomes. Direct transfers from social protection cannot offset the impoverishment effect from indirect taxes because they have very limited coverage. Only the poorest decile is a net cash beneficiary after paying taxes and receiving cashable transfers. The rest of the deciles are net payers to the fiscal system. To decrease poverty and inequality in the West Bank and Gaza, the most significant policy recommendation to emerge from the analysis is to expand direct transfers to the second and third deciles to compensate for indirect tax burdens. Financing this reform is feasible through domestic tax mobilization or through rationalization of inefficient fuel and electricity subsidies that benefit the top income deciles most
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10687
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    Rural Labor and Long Recall Loss (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ambler, Kate Rural Labor and Long Recall Loss
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Labor Supply ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Household Survey ; Rural Labor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unemployment
    Abstract: Surveys frequently rely on annual recall to capture individuals' labor activities over the preceding year. This paper uses a panel of rural households in Malawi for a survey experiment to test the effect of a long, annual recall window on reported labor supply relative to a set of quarterly interviews. The paper documents large losses in reported labor participation using the long recall window with reductions of over 20 percent of reported activities and months worked and a 2.5 times greater incidence of reported unemployment relative to the shorter window. These losses are greater for activities further in the past and especially for individuals whose labor supply is reported by other family members, reaching up to 50 percent for some outcomes. The profile of households' primary respondents, predominantly male and older, and differential effects by age further suggest that long recall may cause meaningful biases in the resulting data for women and younger household members
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10680
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  • 62
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    Fiscal Incidence on the Island : Grenada's Fiscal System and Its Incidence (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo Fiscal Incidence on the Island: Grenada's Fiscal System and Its Incidence
    Keywords: Consumption ; Fiscal Incidence ; Fiscal Policy Interventions ; Inequality ; Living Standards ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Expenditure ; Public Revenue ; Social Transfers ; Tax ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper examines the distributional effects of fiscal policy in Grenada. Using data from the 2017-18 Living Conditions and Household Budgets Survey and following the Commitment to Equity analysis framework, the paper estimates the effects of fiscal policy interventions on inequality and poverty. It analyzes the distributional incidence of direct and indirect taxes, direct transfers provided by social transfers and school feeding programs, and in-kind transfers generated by public services in health and education. The results show that Grenada has a tax system that is neutral on the value-added tax side and progressive on the personal income tax side. Furthermore, direct transfers make a modest contribution to poverty reduction and are almost neutral in their distributive impact. The results contribute to the understanding of who bears the burden of taxation and benefits from transfers and of how Grenada's fiscal system can improve its redistributive effect
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10678
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    Missing Evidence : Tracking Academic Data Use around the World (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stacy, Brian Missing Evidence: Tracking Academic Data Use around the World
    Keywords: Academia ; Academic Research Article Survey ; Country Data Analysis ; Developing Country Research Study ; Economic Policy, Institutions and Governance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Language Processing ; Poverty and Policy ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Data-driven research on a country is key to producing evidence-based public policies. Yet little is known about where data-driven research is lacking and how it could be expanded. This paper proposes a method for tracking academic data use by country of subject, applying natural language processing to open-access research papers. The model's predictions produce country estimates of the number of articles using data that are highly correlated with a human-coded approach, with a correlation of 0.99. Analyzing more than 1 million academic articles, the paper finds that the number of articles on a country is strongly correlated with its gross domestic product per capita, population, and the quality of its national statistical system. The paper identifies data sources that are strongly associated with data-driven research and finds that availability of subnational data appears to be particularly important. Finally, the paper classifies countries into groups based on whether they could most benefit from increasing their supply of or demand for data. The findings show that the former applies to many low- and lower-middle-income countries, while the latter applies to many upper-middle- and high-income countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10673
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    Leveraging Big Data to Understand Women's Mobility in Buenos Aires (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stokenberga, Aiga Leveraging Big Data to Understand Women's Mobility in Buenos Aires
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Public Expenditures ; Gender and Transportation ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Norms ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Mobility ; Transportation Planning ; Urban Transport ; Women and Public Transportaton ; Women's Agency
    Abstract: While the travelers' gender has not been a central consideration driving urban mobility planning, increasing evidence points to gender-differentiated mobility preferences and behaviors. This paper explores this topic in the context of the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, aiming to identify policy relevant differences between the mobility of women and men. It does so by leveraging mobile phone--based data, combined with existing household travel survey data and an original large-scale interception survey implemented in late 2021 and early 2022. The paper provides descriptive analysis of key spatial and temporal mobility patterns as well as implements statistical analysis to identify whether gender represented a key determinant of mode choice in the context of the pandemic. The analysis finds that women in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area travel less, tend to have shorter individual trips, and are much more likely than men to travel during off-peak hours, including due to disproportionately taking on "care mobility" responsibilities. In terms of mode choices, women represent the majority of public transport users and are more likely than men to say they would cycle. However, women's share among public transport users and their actual cycling and walking appear to be spatially correlated with, respectively, the availability of public transport services and dedicated, safe infrastructure. The travel responses to the pandemic documented in the original survey data also suggest that women are more likely than men to switch from public transport to private motorized modes as soon as their incomes allow them to unless appropriate health safety measures are put in place
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10662
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    The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture : New Evidence from Micro-Data (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New Evidence from Micro-Data
    Keywords: Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Crop Agriculture Disaster Risk ; Disaster Loss and Damage ; Drought Losses ; Flood Loss ; Survey Data
    Abstract: Disasters affect millions of people each year and cause economic losses worth many billions of dollars globally. Reporting on disaster impacts in research, policy, and news primarily relies on macro statistics based on disaster inventories. The macro statistics suggest that a relatively small share of disaster damages accrues in Africa. This paper, instead, uses detailed survey micro-data from six African countries to quantify disaster damages in one key sector: crop agriculture. The micro-data reveals much higher damages and more people affected than the macro statistics would indicate. On average, 36 percent of the agricultural plots in the sample suffer crop losses due to adverse climatic events. In the countries and time period analyzed, these losses reduced total crop production by an average of 29 percent. Importantly, many of these losses are underreported or undetected in key disaster inventories and therefore elude macro statistics. In the case of droughts and floods, the economic losses recorded in the micro-data are USD 5.1 billion higher than in the macro statistics, affecting 145 million to 170 million people, more than four times as many as the macro statistics suggest. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that are not recorded in disaster inventories
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10660
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    For Labor or for Divorce? : Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women's Labor Outcomes (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als El Mekkaoui, Najat For Labor or for Divorce? Unilateral Divorce Laws and Women's Labor Outcomes
    Keywords: Demographic and Health Survey ; Divorce ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Social Policy ; Intra-Household Bargaining ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Markets ; Law and Development ; Mothers Labor Force Participation ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unilateral Divorce ; Women's Agency ; Women's Labor Force Participation
    Abstract: Despite substantial progress in closing the gender gap, women's labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa remains one of the lowest globally, at a mere 18 percent. This paper investigates the effect of the introduction of unilateral divorce laws on women's labor outcomes, using data from the Demographic and Health Survey program that spans decades and a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design in three countries: Morocco, the Arab Republic of Egypt, and Jordan. The results highlight that no-fault divorce legislation was associated with a modest increase in mothers' labor outcomes, measured by current employment, a few years after the reform. These findings are likely induced by a power shift and anticipatory effects that drive women into the labor force. However, when a longer time window is considered, 10 or more years after the reform, the study documents a negative effect of the reform on women's labor outcomes in Morocco, and a positive effect in the Arab Republic of Egypt and Jordan. These differences can be attributed to a set of countervailing effects, including social norms, labor market dynamics, and evolution of the legislation, that make the derived utility from marriage, in some cases, more attractive than that derived from employment, and vice versa. These findings partially confirm results from previous research on the relationship between no-fault divorce and women's agency and empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa region, but, at the same time, contrast with prominent perspectives on legislation that aims at reducing gender-based discrimination. Instead, they show that there might be undesired effects of legislation and provide a policy relevant discussion on that basis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10661
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    VAT Rate Structures in Theory and Practice (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Thomas, Alastair VAT Rate Structures in Theory and Practice
    Keywords: Economic Theory and Research ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Redistribution ; Reduced Rates ; Tax Law ; Tax Rate ; Tax Reform ; Value Added Tax (VAT)
    Abstract: Most countries' value-added tax (VAT) systems apply reduced VAT rates to a selection of expenditure items in order to achieve distributional goals, and (to a lesser extent) social and cultural objectives. This paper assesses the case for applying reduced VAT rates, with a particular focus on OECD countries where reduced rates feature prominently. It examines both the theoretical and empirical evidence, as well as practical considerations, and concludes that the case for reduced VAT rates is weak. In particular, the optimal indirect tax literature finds no redistributive role for reduced VAT rates when other more direct instruments are available. These theoretical findings are supported by the empirical literature that shows reduced VAT rates to be a poorly targeted means of supporting lower income households, particularly when compared to targeted cash transfer programs. Similarly, reduced VAT rates are unlikely to be a well-targeted way to encourage consumption of merit goods, while they also create significant administrative complexity. These findings have significant implications for tax reform in both developed and developing economies. In particular, where countries have the administrative capacity to implement effectively targeted cash transfer programs, they should use these programs to support poorer households instead of reduced VAT rates
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10677
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    Exit Patterns from Brazil's Bolsa Familia and the Role of the Local Labor Market (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fietz, Katharina Exit Patterns from Brazil's Bolsa Familia and the Role of the Local Labor Market
    Keywords: Bolsa Familia ; Conditional Cash Transfer ; Dynamic Means-Tested Cash Transfer ; Labor Market ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Workers ; Social Protection Program Graduation ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Can rising tides in the labor market lift the poor out of social assistance Although a substantial literature has studied the capacity of safety nets to expand automatically during labor market shocks, less is known about the dynamics of social assistance when labor market conditions improve, and who may benefit from positive changes. This paper studies how rising formal employment at the municipal level affects the likelihood of beneficiary families to exit Bolsa Familia, Brazil's dynamic means-tested cash transfer. The analysis exploits panel data from Brazil's vast social registry, matched with seven years of Bolsa Familia payroll information and formal employment records. The data reveal that the Bolsa Familia program displays significant and heterogeneous dynamism, with beneficiaries with higher levels of education and fewer constraints to labor supply taking fewer years to exit. The analysis then uses fixed-effects estimates, combined with an instrumental variable approach, to identify the effects of exogenous changes in the local labor market on exits. The findings show that the increase in local employment leads to a small, statistically significant rise in the probability of exiting from Bolsa Familia. These effects are concentrated in households with spare labor supply and those with medium levels of education
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10676
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    Refining Indonesia's Intergovernmental Transfers Mechanism : Fiscal Capacity Estimation to Incentivize Subnational Tax Effort (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Fiscal Capacity Estimation ; Fiscal Policy ; Intergovernmental Transfers ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Subnational Tax Effort ; Tax Reform ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: This paper discusses the application of the conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation using Indonesia's existing macroeconomic indicators. The authors find that Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), population, and urbanization rate are good predictors for most tax sources. These three indicators also predicted the total district's OSRs well, providing an empirical foundation for an aggregated macro-based model to estimate all OSRs using the abovementioned variables. The rest of the paper is structured as follows: section 1 provides a description of Indonesia's system of intergovernmental transfers and subnational taxation. It shows subnational fiscal reliance on transfers rather than OSRs. Section 2 makes the case for reforming the DAU formula and explains recent efforts by the Government of Indonesia on that front. Section 3 discusses the limited existing empirical literature on estimating potential revenues for transfers formula. Section 4 explains and applies our conceptual framework for potential revenue estimation. It also provides the empirical justification to use an aggregated approach to estimation rather than estimating each individual tax base. Section 5 applies the aggregated approach to estimating potential revenues. Section 6 discusses the equity implications and makes the case for using district fixed effects. Finally, section 7 provides a conclusion of this paper
    DOI: 10.1596/40975
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    Feasibility Study : Disaster Risk Finance and Insurance (DRFI) Solutions for Family Farmers in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (January 2024) (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Disaster Finance ; DRFI ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; NCA ; North Central America
    Abstract: The objective of this feasibility study is to identify disaster risk finance and insurance (DRFI) solutions for up to 1.9 million family farmers in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. This study is motivated by an emerging consensus on the need to design and implement large-scale DRFI solutions to improve the financial resilience of family farmers in North Central America (NCA) and reduce their vulnerability to extreme weather events and climate risks. The feasibility study provides an initial assessment of the technical, operational, financial, and policy considerations for developing and implementing DRFI solutions for family farmers in NCA. The feasibility study considers lessons learned from existing large-scale DRFI solutions in peer countries as well as ongoing programs and pilots in NCA
    DOI: 10.1596/40964
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    Armenia Public Sector Accountability Survey : Main Results and Recommendations (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
    DOI: 10.1596/40949
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    The Primary Health Care System in Fiji : A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHC ; Primary Health Care Performance ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) assessment conducted by the World Bank and the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) in collaboration with Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). The VSP provides an opportunity to assess the state of the primary health care (PHC) system in Fiji, highlighting areas of strength and challenges through the lens of the PHCPI framework. The framework organizes various domains and subdomains of primary health care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of PHC systems and emphasizes the capacity and processes of PHC service delivery and performance. Notably, while PHCPI recognizes the role of social determinants of health and intersectoral health promotion and prevention efforts as important factors influencing population health, the VSP is primarily focused on aspects of health service delivery. Fiji is one of four Pacific countries - alongside Kiribati, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands that have, with support of the World Bank, used PHCPI tools to take stock of current performance, safeguard what works well, and lay out a vision for areas requiring improvement
    DOI: 10.1596/40943
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    Maldives Human Capital Review : Unleashing People's Full Potential (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
    DOI: 10.1596/40944
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    Investing in Human Capital in South Africa : A Framework for a Coordinated Multi-Sectoral Approach (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Acceleration ; Human Capital ; Life Cycle ; Multisectoral Framework ; Policies ; Social Assessment ; Social Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: South Africa's economic growth and development agenda and to present a harmonized approach for investing in priority areas for human capital formation. The policy note first presents an in-depth diagnostic of the status of human capital in the country, applying a life cycle approach. The life cycle approach places a strong emphasis on investing in human capital development holistically, involving all relevant sectors, and as a continuum, following the trajectory of an individual's life. Focus is given to three critical stages of an individual's life, (i) early childhood; (ii) school age; and (iii) youth to adulthood. Based on the findings of the analysis, the policy note identifies the priority challenges and proposes a framework for action. The findings of this policy note aim to serve as a basis for a much-needed dialogue across key relevant government entities, including sector departments such as the Department of Health, the Department of Basic Education, the Department of Higher Education and Training, Department of Social Development, and others, such as National Treasury, Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, the Office of the Presidency as well as provincial government departments, on how best to invest in human capital, both in the short and medium-to-long term. The note could also be used to inform a range of stakeholders, including civil society, development partners, and the private sector of the human capital development challenges in South Africa and how certain gaps could be addressed through better coordination of interventions. Lastly, the note aims to motivate further research on key areas where there are information and knowledge gaps on human capital in South Africa
    DOI: 10.1596/40941
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    Better Internet for All Filipinos : Reforms Promoting Competition and Increasing Investment for Broadband Infrastructure - A Policy Note (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Broadband Infrastructure ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; ICT Legal and Regulatory Framework ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Outdated Legal Frameworks
    Abstract: Equitable access to broadband services is imperative to narrow the digital divide and for more people to benefit from digitalization. Compared to other ASEAN countries, the Philippines' internet connectivity lags in affordability, speed, and access, creating an uneven landscape for digital participation. Limited internet access curbs digital potential for citizens and businesses, with peri-urban connectivity being critical to future growth. The country's poor broadband infrastructure is rooted in outdated policy frameworks that stifle investment in rural areas and foster a market with weak competition, both of which hinder broadband expansion. Binding constraints underlying the Philippines' poor broadband infrastructure are inter-related, requiring a comprehensive package of reforms to yield desired entry, investment, and sector performance outcomes. The open access in data transmission (OADT) bill is a promising, viable start, among several proposals in Congress. Policymakers can build on immediate reforms through the open access bill as an entry point to broader and medium- to longer-term digital connectivity agenda. The cost of inaction - loss of growth opportunity, people remaining unequipped for future jobs, and widening of the digital divide - is too high for the Philippines
    DOI: 10.1596/40924
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    FY 2023 Kenya Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Kenya assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kenya perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Kenya on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Kenya; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Kenya; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Kenya; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Kenya
    DOI: 10.1596/40908
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    Trading Towards Sustainability : The Role of Trade Policies in Indonesia's Green Transformation (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Environment ; Green Transformation ; International Economics and Trade ; Plastic Substitutes ; Sustainability ; Trade ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Climate change - and efforts to mitigate and adapt to it - will affect global flows of trade and Indonesia's ability to transition to a more environmentally sustainable economy on its path to become a high-income economy is, therefore, interlinked with trade policy. Environmental policy stringency (EPS) is increasing around the globe - a crucial challenge lies in harmonizing these with sustained economic growth, yet both goals can be reached. Although trade flows facilitate emissions, they are also a critical part of the solution, including through trade in environmental goods (EGs) and plastic substitutes - with important economic spillovers. This report provides a detailed analysis of the role of trade and trade policy on EGs and plastic substitutes in Indonesia's green transition. Chapter one describes the need for, and urgency of, this transition, by looking at the carbon intensity of Indonesia's trade, the impacts of environmental policies of Indonesia and key trading partners, and the roles of EGs. Chapter two examines where Indonesia stands on the level of trade in EGs and plastic substitutes and the competitiveness of EGs trade. Chapter three explores trade agreements and tariffs and simulates potential impacts of tariff reforms - including through multilateral actions. Chapter four examines what non-tariff measures (NTMs) apply on the products including inputs of firms exporting EGs and assesses which NTMs may be costly. Finally, chapter five concludes with policy recommendations
    DOI: 10.1596/40925
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    FY 2023 Jamaica Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Jamaica assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Jamaica perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Jamaica on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Jamaica; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Jamaica; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jamaica; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Jamaica
    DOI: 10.1596/40905
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    FY 2023 Guinea Country Opinion Survey : Pulse Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Guinea assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Guinea perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Guinea on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Guinea; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Guinea; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Guinea; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Guinea
    DOI: 10.1596/40904
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    FY 2023 Ghana Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Ghana assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ghana perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ghana on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ghana; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ghana; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ghana; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Ghana
    DOI: 10.1596/40902
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    Nepal Country Program Evaluation : World Bank Group Support to Nepal, Fiscal Years 2014-23 (Approach Paper) (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Conflict ; CPE ; Development Challenges ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) will assess the performance of the World Bank Group's support to Nepal in achieving its development objectives between 2014 and 2023. The evaluation will focus on the Bank Group's support to Nepal as it tackled its long-term development challenges while undertaking political and institutional reforms relating to the shift to federalism and responding to multiple shocks and disasters. This period covered by this evaluation spans the last two country strategies--the FY14-18 Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) and the FY19-23 Country Partnership Framework (CPF). The CPE will assess the adaptive relevance and coherence of the Bank Group-supported program by examining how the Bank Group has adapted its support over time in response to changing conditions and priorities. This will include an examination of the Bank Group's response to the 2015 earthquakes and the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation will assess the Bank Group's work in three important thematic areas--resilience to natural disasters, federalism, and jobs and private sector development--in greater depth
    DOI: 10.1596/40888
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    Ethiopia Country Program Evaluation (Approach Paper) (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Conflict and Fragility ; CPE ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Drought and Climate Shocks ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mavroeconomic Vulnerabilities ; Unsustainable Development ; Weak Business Environment
    Abstract: The objective of this Country Program Evaluation (CPE) is to assess how well the World Bank Group supported Ethiopia in addressing key challenges that constrained its development and how that support adapted over time to respond to changing circumstances, an evolving relationship, and lessons from experience. The evaluation will cover fiscal years (FY)13-23. The time period is selected to include the last two Bank Group strategies to support Ethiopia and coincides with the period of theprevious two political administrations. The evaluation aims to inform the next Bank Group-supported Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for Ethiopia expected in FY25
    DOI: 10.1596/40887
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    World Bank Support to Jobs and Labor Market Reform through International Development Association Financing : A First-Stage Evaluation (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Support ; IDA ; Jobs ; Labor Markets ; Reform ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This evaluation is the first stage of the Independent Evaluation Group's assessment of the World Bank's support for more, better, and more inclusive jobs through International Development Association (IDA) financing, and it assesses the implementation of IDA-supported interventions directly supporting its jobs objectives across the three Replenishment cycles from fiscal years 2015 to 2022. Supporting the creation of more, better, and more inclusive jobs is critical towards achieving the goals of poverty reduction and shared prosperity in countries. This is especially true for countries that are eligible for International Development Association (IDA) financing. Since 2014, IDA has included jobs as a special theme, and subsequent IDA replenishments have had what this evaluation calls an 'IDA jobs strategy.' This strategy included explicit objectives, a series of policy commitments to achieve them, and results indicators to track them. This evaluation represents the first stage of the Independent Evaluation Group's assessment of the World Bank's performance in supporting more, better, and more inclusive jobs through IDA financing. It assesses the implementation of IDA-supported interventions that directly supported its jobs objectives across the three Replenishment cycles from fiscal years 2015 to 2022. The evaluation answers two questions: (i) To what extent IDA's strategy on jobs was grounded in sound analytics, adaptive, and operationally relevant (ii) To what extent the strategy has been translated into relevant and effective jobs interventions that directly address the objectives of more, better, and more inclusive jobs The scope of the evaluation is limited to the three main channels for achieving IDA jobs objectives: acting on labor demand, increasing labor supply, and improving labor market flexibility and geographic mobility. The report offers recommendations for further strengthening of the IDA jobs agenda towards the objective of supporting more, better, and more inclusive jobs
    DOI: 10.1596/40885
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    A Focused Assessment of the International Development Association's Private Sector Window : An Update to the Independent Evaluation Group's 2021 Early-Stage Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window (PSW)
    Abstract: The private sector is essential for creating jobs and prosperity in poor countries, but developing it is challenging, especially in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). The IDA Private Sector Window (PSW) is a blended finance facility that enables the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and third-party private sector investors to conduct high-risk transactions in International Development Association (IDA) countries and FCS countries. This evaluation aims to assess the usage, market development potential, and enabling factors of the PSW. The evaluation assesses how the usage of the PSW has changed from its inception in 2017 to 2023 and explores its potential market development effects and its enabling factors, namely concessionality (for IFC and MIGA) and additionality (for IFC). Concessionality is the level of subsidy needed for IFC and MIGA to offer transactions in PSW-eligible countries at market prices. Additionality is the unique support IFC brings to private investments (on a project basis) that is not offered by commercial sources of finance. It comprises financial and nonfinancial additionality. This evaluation assesses the PSW across three IDA cycles: IDA18, which covers FY18-20; IDA19, which covers FY21-22; and IDA20, which covers FY23-25. It updates the 2021 IEG early-stage assessment of the PSW (FY18-20) and complements the IDA20 PSW Mid-Term Review, which was prepared jointly by IDA, IFC, and MIGA
    DOI: 10.1596/40884
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    Thailand Economic Monitor, December 2023 - Thailand's Pathway to Carbon Neutrality : The Role of Carbon Pricing (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Carbon Pricing ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Energy ; Energy and Economic Development ; Energy Prices ; Growth and Real Sector ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: The twin shocks of the pandemic and weak global trade has particularly impacted Thailand due to the country's position as a trade and tourism hub. Thailand's tourism arrivals reached only 75 percent of pre-pandemic levels in September despite the ongoing growth in global services trade. Visitor numbers increased across the board, except for China and Japan which are experiencing economic slowdown. The economic recovery faltered due to global headwinds as growth fell to 1.5 percent year-on-year in 2023 Q3, well below expectations. Thailand has implemented a range of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and has taken the first steps to implementing comprehensive carbon pricing. This report explores some of the complexities involved in implementing carbon pricing. It finds that Thailand has already taken some of the most difficult steps in setting up a comprehensive carbon pricing policy instrument. Important questions remain to be addressed about what form carbon pricing should take in Thailand and which economic sectors should be included in a carbon pricing scheme. The potential benefits from carbon pricing may be substantial. Carbon pricing is likely to play an important role in meeting future emission reduction targets, reducing environmental degradation and air pollution while positioning Thailand as a regional leader in green and sustainable growth
    DOI: 10.1596/40882
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    Gulf Economic Update, Fall 2023 : Structural Reforms and Shifting Social Norms to Increase Women's Labor Force Participation (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Saudi Arabia ; Women ; Women and Labor
    Abstract: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies have been a bright spot in an otherwise gloomy economic landscape. Average growthin the GCC surpassed 7 percent in 2022 led by Saudi Arabia, its biggest economy, which was globally the fastest growing large economy. This growth was not just a result of buoyant hydrocarbon prices but also continued growth of non-oil sectors. The latter was the result of persistent structural reforms undertaken by several GCC countries to improve the investment environment, promote flexible labor markets, and encourage women to join the labor market. GCC countries have used the windfall revenues from oil and gas to rebuild their buffers, pay down their debt, and shore-up their sovereign wealth funds. They have also sought to protect their vulnerable populations with continued subsidies on food, fuel, and utilities. Such policies have limited the impact of inflation on the domestic economy. Finally, GCC countries have also used their financial muscle to support economically weaker countries in the region. The stellar growth of 2022 is slowing down and growth is expected to moderate to 1 percent in 2023 before picking up again to 3.6 percent in 2024. The decline in economic activity in 2023 is driven by consecutive production cut decisions by OPEC+ in an effort to stabilize global oil prices. However, non-oil GDP continues its growth trajectory reaching 3.9 percent, resulting weaker integration between oil and non-oil sectors. To maintain this track record, GCC countries will need to continue to exercise prudent macroeconomic management, stay the course with structural reforms, and increase non-oil exports. Downside risks remain and it would be amiss not to mention them. The conflict in the Middle East presents major risks to the region and the GCC outlook if it extends or expands to include other regional players. While it is too early to quantify the impact and channels of the conflict, we already witness a 4 percentsurge in global oil futures. Although China is bouncing back after emerging from tight Covid-19 lockdowns, troubles in the real estate sector could still disrupt this trajectory. Persistent high inflation in the world's major economies has not been entirely vanquishedsuggesting a high interest rate environment for a longer period. Windfall revenues are anticipated as a result of higher oil prices driven by the conflict in the Middle East. However, the extent and duration of the conflict will play a pivotal role in determining economicramifications not only on energy markets but also on regional financial and trade markets and overall economic confidence. The Special Focus section of the report discusses the power of structural reforms and social norms in advancing female labor force participation in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia experienced an unprecedented surge in female labor force participation since 2016 as a result of: (i) changing regulations and the removal of legal barriers, shifting social norms, (ii) the implementation of sound structural reforms and (iii) effective government communications. Saudi Arabia's success in increasing female labor force participation from 17.4 percent in 2017 to 36 percent in 2023 offers important lessons to other countries in the region and the world
    DOI: 10.1596/40880
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    FY 2023 Zimbabwe Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Zimbabwe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Zimbabwe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Zimbabwe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Zimbabwe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Zimbabwe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Zimbabwe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Zimbabwe
    DOI: 10.1596/40914
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  • 88
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    CEMAC Economic Barometer, December 2023, Vol.5 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: CEMAC ; Country Level ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Outlook ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: The CEMAC Economic Barometer is a World Bank publication that presents a snapshot of recent developments in and the economic outlook of the CEMAC region, followed by a brief assessment at the country level. The Economic Barometer also includes a focused technical section on a theme of regional relevance. This edition's special topic provides policy options for the CEMAC countries to take better advantage of future commodity price booms
    DOI: 10.1596/40864
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  • 89
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    Nigeria Development Update, December 2023 : Turning the Corner: From Reforms and Renewed Hope, to Results (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; FDI ; Foreign Direct Investment ; FX ; Import Bans ; Improved Welfare ; Inflation ; International Economics and Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Oil Flows ; Private Sector Credit
    Abstract: Important reform decisions have been taken for Nigeria to avoid a fiscal cliff, and temporary compensation is being provided to help the poorest and most vulnerable households. In May and June 2023, the incoming administration undertook two critical policy decisions, which have resulted in price and exchange rate adjustments in the second half of the year. Targeted cash transfers are helping to cushion the adjustment to higher gasoline prices. On fiscal policy, budget planning for the next several years is consistent with sustaining the fiscal savings from the subsidy reform and mobilizing more revenues. However, the reforms are yet to be completed to fully realize the economic benefits. The FX market has remained volatile and is still in a period of continuing adjustment to the new policy approach. Revenue gains from the FX reform are visible, but more clarity is needed on oil revenues, including the fiscal benefits from the PMS subsidy reform. The economic outlook for Nigeria in the short to medium term hinges on the continuation and effectiveness of its macroeconomic stabilization agenda. Successful implementation of the initiated reforms will be the first step toward improving Nigeria's growth prospect. Moving decisively onto a higher long-term growth and poverty reduction path requires not only a stable macroeconomic environment but also concerted structural reforms
    DOI: 10.1596/40863
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  • 90
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    Lao PDR 2023 - Forging Ahead : Restoring Stability and Boosting Prosperity (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Macroeconomic Performance ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Public-Private Partnership ; Revenue Mobilization ; State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs)
    Abstract: The Lao PDR is facing unprecedented macroeconomic challenges, which jeopardize hard-won development gains. Over the past two decades, the country attracted considerable foreign investment and fostered regional integration, which contributed to a long period of high economic growth. Many human development indicators improved during the period 2000-2019, including child and maternal mortality, school enrolment, income poverty, and gender equity. However, economic growth was predominantly driven by large-scale investments in capital intensive sectors, such as mining and hydropower, which created few jobs and entailed environmental costs. Moreover, many public investments were financed by external debt, gradually jeopardizing debt sustainability and macroeconomic stability. Long-standing structural vulnerabilities have been exacerbated by the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and adverse global macroeconomic conditions. Since 2021, the national currency has depreciated considerably, and inflation soared. This has had a large negative impact on living standards, with many households struggling to cope. Meanwhile, limited spending on education, health, and social protection is undermining human capital and thus economic growth prospects. Significant debt pressures, especially short-term external liquidity constraints, have pushed the country into debt distress. This Public Finance Review identifies priority reforms to restore macroeconomic stability and boost prosperity. The objective of this review is to assess recent macro-fiscal performance, evaluate emerging fiscal risks, and propose policy reforms to secure fiscal sustainability, restore macroeconomic stability, and promote shared prosperity. This report is comprised of five chapters covering the main aspects of fiscal management: chapter 1 evaluates recent macroeconomic performance while placing fiscal policy in the broader macroeconomic context. Chapter 2 assesses domestic revenue mobilization efforts and scope for reforms to enhance tax collection. Chapter 3 investigates the size and composition of public expenditure, as well as measures to increase its efficiency and effectiveness. Chapter 4 discusses reforms of state-owned enterprises with a view to improving their financial performance, operational management, and corporate governance. Chapter 5 documents the experience with public-private partnerships and provides recommendations to maximize value for money and reduce fiscal risks
    DOI: 10.1596/40861
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  • 91
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    South Sudan Economic Monitor : Investing in Humans (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Economic Growth ; Financial Sector ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Food Security ; Inflation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monetary Policy ; Real Sector
    Abstract: Notwithstanding slower global growth and lingering impacts of recent catastrophic floods, private sector activity, outside the oil sector, has been supported by a relative return to peace, and higher government spending. Nevertheless, the economy is estimated to have contracted by 0.4 percent in FY23/24, reflecting drags from oil production. Supported by a successful exchange rate liberalization, inflation averaged -3.2 percent in 2022 and around 3 percent in the first nine months of 2023. Monetary policy has tightened in recent months, but it remains imperative that the central bank refrain from financing the fiscal deficit. The FY23/24 budget projects a smaller financing gap of about 13 percent of budget expenditures comparedto previous years. However, financing vulnerabilities remain high because of limited fiscal and external liquidity buffers and limited debt-carrying capacity
    DOI: 10.1596/40856
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  • 92
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    Somalia Economic Update, Eighth Edition : Integrating Climate Change with Somalia's Development: The Case for Water (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Food Security ; Fragile Recovery ; Pollitical Challenges ; Water Resources ; Water Security
    Abstract: Somalia has remained on a strong economic reform path despite the various global and exogenous shocks that have continued to buffet the economy. Recurrent climate-related shocks, such as cycles of droughts, floods, locusts' infestation, higher international commodity prices, as well as increased insecurity and conflict, have interrupted the country's growth trajectory. However, this has not deterred the country's commitment to continue advancing reforms to strengthen key economic institutions and promote macroeconomic stability and recovery. As a result, Somalia has continued to make progress toward meeting the conditions for achieving the heavily indebted poor country (HIPC) completion point in December 2023. Within the framework of resilience, the eighth edition of the World Bank's Somalia economic update series provides an in-depth analysis of recent economic developments and growth outlook and makes a case for integrating climate change with Somalia's growth agenda. This report highlights macroeconomic policies and reforms that promote inclusive growth and institutional building including enhancing fiscal space for development priorities while strengthening expenditure controls; strengthening financial integrity; integrating Somalia into the global financial system; and improving debt management
    DOI: 10.1596/40852
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  • 93
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    Bridging the Gap : Inequality and Jobs in Thailand (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Employment ; Inclusive Society ; Income Inequality ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structural Drivers ; Wage
    Abstract: This report is intended to inform public debate and policymaking on income inequality in Thailand. It aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality in Thailand and identify opportunities to promote more inclusive growth. The analysis uses a wealth of data from a variety of sources (detailed in Appendix A) to examine the pattern, structure, and drivers of income inequality in the country, with a special focus on inequality and labor market supply-side factors. It is structured as follows. This section has laid the foundation for analysis, examining historical trends in both consumption - and income-based measures of inequality while providing geographic context and data on public perceptions about inequality. It also provided a summary of literature findings. Section 2 analyzes the pandemic's impacts on inequality, including the role that social assistance played in mitigating its effects but also the potential scarring effects on children's human capital development. Section 3 examines the structural drivers of inequality and its persistence, focusing on the role of inequality of opportunity in human capital development and access to basic services. Finally, Section 4 provides policy options to create a more inclusive society by addressing the root causes of persistent inequality and mitigating the challenges brought about by the pandemic. In particular, since a significant share of the poor in Thailand are engaged in agriculture, the report underscores that improving farm incomes is crucial for alleviating poverty and reducing inequality. As such, Section 4 draws its recommendations from a recent study on the key challenges and opportunities facing Thai farmers to raise agricultural productivity and incomes
    DOI: 10.1596/40878
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  • 94
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    The Primary Health Care System of the Republic of the Marshall Islands : A Primary Health Care Performance Initiative Assessment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Access and Coverage ; Equity ; Financing ; Health Insurance ; Health Monitoring and Evaluation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHCPI Framework ; PHP ; Quality
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the primary health care (PHC) system in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), an assessment that the World Bank conducted in consultation with the Ministry of Health and Human Services (MHHS) of the government of RMI. The assessment provides an opportunity to understand the performance of RMI's PHC system, highlighting important areas of strengths and opportunities to address ongoing challenges. The assessment uses the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) framework, which organizes various domains and subdomains of primary care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of a system, emphasizing service delivery and performance
    DOI: 10.1596/40846
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  • 95
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    Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon : A Mixed Methods Study (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Childcare ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Legal Framework ; Policies ; Services Mapping ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The "Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon: A Mixed Methods Study" analyzes the supply and demand of formal childcare services for children aged 0-3. It provides a review of Lebanon's regulatory and institutional framework around childcare, maps out the current supply of services including cost and quality aspects, and deepens the understanding of households' childcare needs. Findings show that there is a mismatch between supply and demand, with a gap in provision for the youngest children and that supply is mostly private, costly, and concentrated in coastal areas. Childcare responsibilities limit women's ability to join the labor force, and affordability is a main constraint for families to access services, resulting in low demand for formal childcare. The study proposes measures for an inclusive expansion of quality and affordable childcare services in four areas: (i) an enabling environment for efficient, affordable provision of quality childcare services, (ii) a more equitable distribution of the unpaid care work burden within the household, (iii) improved State support to address households' care needs, and (iv) inclusive family-friendly workplace conditions in the private sector
    DOI: 10.1596/40845
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  • 96
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    Implications of Choice of Second Stage Selection Method on Sampling Error and Non-Sampling Error : Evidence from an IDP Camp in South Sudan (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Himelein, Kristen Implications of Choice of Second Stage Selection Method on Sampling Error and Non-Sampling Error: Evidence from an IDP Camp in South Sudan
    Keywords: Cross-Sectional Household Survey ; Displacement ; Economic Theory and Research ; Estimation ; Household Survey Design ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microeconomic Data ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Survey and Sampling Methods ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: The most common sampling approach for cross-sectional household surveys in the developing world is a stratified two-stage design, where the first stage is usually a sample from a census-based area frame, and the second stage is a random sample of households from each of the areas selected in the first stage. To overcome the problem of outdated census frame information, it is common to conduct a household listing operation within these areas. However, these listing operations come with severe implications for survey costs, timeframe, as well as quality. To avoid such second-stage operations, some surveys choose alternate approaches for their second-stage operation. This paper compares five of these approaches, namely, satellite mapping, segmentation, grid square, the north method, and random walk, through simulations based on a census conducted in a refugee camp in South Sudan. The paper compares the simulated approach with the estimates derived from the actual experiment and finds that all the resulting estimates are biased. Nevertheless, in addition to their practical challenges, the satellite mapping, segmentation, and grid square approaches exhibit the smallest bias. Although random walk shows the worst performance in the simulations, it regains ground in its implementation, especially vis-a-vis the north method, where implementation adds most significantly to its bias. In conclusion, most probability-based methods perform better than non-probability methods like random walk and are therefore preferrable when no traditional household listing can take place. Although it is important to consider the theoretical properties of sampling approaches, implementation is at least as important. Training, implementation modalities, and monitoring of compliance are key factors in the overall performance
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10675
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  • 97
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    Unlocking Floating Solar Photovoltaics Potential in India (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
    DOI: 10.1596/40817
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  • 98
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    Global RApid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report : Mw 6.3 Herat Earthquake Sequence in Afghanistan, October 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
    DOI: 10.1596/40816
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  • 99
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    Lao PDR Fiscal Incidence Analysis - Raising the Bar : Toward an Equitable and Inclusive Fiscal Policy (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Interventions ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy Reforms
    Abstract: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is facing economic challenges. The country is experiencing a growth slowdown with high levels of public debt. Growing current expenditure and debt service obligations amid sluggish tax revenue led to a widening fiscal deficit in the early 2010s, which remained high into the 2020s despite fiscal consolidation efforts. COVID-19 and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have disrupted human capital investment and are expected to have worsened the incidence of poverty and inequality. Fiscal policy can be an instrument to address these challenges, but its role has been constrained by a precarious fiscal position. This report analyzes the distributive effects of the Lao fiscal system and potential reforms to address current economic challenges. The analysis adopts the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology to assess the distributional impact of the Lao fiscal system on household welfare. The methodology disaggregates income to include or exclude fiscal interventions to analyze the impact of the fiscal system and each intervention on poverty and inequality. Fiscal interventions can be classified into three categories according to how they are imposed on households: direct interventions (direct taxes, social security contributions, and cash transfers), indirect interventions (indirect taxes and subsidies), and in-kind interventions (public health and education). The framework assesses how progressive a fiscal system and each fiscal intervention are and measures their impacts on poverty and inequality
    DOI: 10.1596/40815
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  • 100
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    Stress Testing Adaptive Social Protection Systems in the Sahel (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Crisis ; Sahel ; Shocks ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly increased in the past decade, with several countries experiencing active armed conflict and unrest. The impacts of climate change compound existing vulnerabilities and risks. Finally, the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have impacted the Sahel, eroding purchasing power and aggravating poverty. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. ASP has emerged as a flexible and dynamic approach to social protection during the past decade. It combines and exploits synergies between social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. The Sahel's vulnerability and exposure to shocks and crises is set to increase with accelerating climate change, calling for a shift from often externally funded, ad hoc responses toward building sustainable, government-led system. Over the past decade, ASP has been on a remarkable trajectory in the Sahel, and this is an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. This report provides an overview of the state of ASP across six Sahelian countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal - as well as a set of recommendations for actions to strengthen the adaptiveness and responsiveness of existing systems to shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/40814
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