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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,173)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (642)
  • Cham : Springer International Publishing  (531)
  • Private Sector Development  (642)
  • Computational intelligence.  (531)
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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (1,173)
  • BSZ  (531)
Material
Language
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Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Human Development and Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: In December 2021, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) published Cambodia's Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), which outlines the country's vision in achieving a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. As part of the long-term strategies to achieve net-zero emissions, the RGC set targets for decarbonizing the transportation sector through a combination of measures, including electrifying 70 percent of motorcycles, and 40 percent of cars and urban buses by 2050. It also aims to have 30 percent of mode share by public transport in cities by 2050
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Business Environment ; E-Government ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Governance ; Innovation and Technology Privacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The Chinese government has a long-standing commitment to business environment and digital government reforms. China's online government-to-business (G2B) services have enhanced public service efficiency, accessibility, and transparency, creating a more favorable business environment. This note features a case study of the all-in-one online government service platform developed in Zhejiang Province, a subnational leader in promoting e-government and business environment reforms. Following general national guidelines, Zhejiang has been a leader in exploring innovations to promote digital government development and business environment reforms. Its reforms both demonstrate the effectiveness of a proactive approach to leveraging digital technologies for administrative efficiency and an improved user experience and highlight the positive impacts on the business environment
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9783031430091
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 342 p. 244 illus., 171 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1117
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Machine learning.
    Abstract: Effect of Social Networking Advertisements (SNAs) On Attitudes and Purchase Intention towards Brand Products -- Design of Optimal Waste Management System using IOT and Machine Learning Technique in Educational institutions -- An enhanced Woelfel Image Noise Filter -- PAPR and SER Performance Analysis of OFDMA and SCFDMA -- VLSI Implementation of an 8051 Microcontroller using VHDL and Re- corrective Measure using AI -- A survey of Internet of Things frameworks for crowd management system.
    Abstract: This book provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of cognitive intelligence and AI-enabled IoT ecosystem and machine learning, capable of recognizing the object pattern in complex and large data sets. A remarkable success has been experienced in the last decade by emulating the brain–computer interface. It presents the applied cognitive science methods and AI-enabled technologies that have played a vital role at the core of practical solutions for a wide scope of tasks between handheld apps and industrial process control, autonomous vehicles, IoT, intelligent learning environment, game theory, human computer interaction, environmental policies, life sciences, playing computer games, computational theory, and engineering development. The book contains contents highlighting artificial neural networks that are analogous to the networks of neurons that comprise the brain and have given computers the ability to distinguish an image of a cat from one of a coconut, to spot pedestrians with enough accuracy to direct a self-driving car, and to recognize and respond to the spoken word. The chapters in this book focus on audiences interested in artificial intelligence, machine learning, fuzzy, cognitive and neurofuzzy-inspired computational systems, their theories, mechanisms, and architecture, which underline human and animal behavior, and their application to conscious and intelligent systems. In the current version, it focuses on the successful implementation and step-by-step execution and explanation of practical applications of the domain. It also offers a wide range of inspiring and interesting cutting-edge contributions on applications of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science such as healthcare products, AI-enabled IoT, gaming, medical, and engineering. Overall, this book provides valuable information on effective, cutting-edge techniques, and approaches for students, researchers, practitioners, and academics in the field of machine learning and cognitive science. Furthermore, the purpose of this book is to address the interests of a broad spectrum of practitioners, students, and researchers, who are interested in applying machine learning and cognitive science methods in their respective domains.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031353789
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 580 p. 257 illus., 231 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 3rd ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Telecommunication. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Neural networks (Computer science).
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1: Type-1 Fuzzy Sets and Systems -- Short Primers on Type-1 Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic -- Type-1 Fuzzy Logic Systems -- Part 2: Type-2 Fuzzy Sets -- Sources of Uncertainty -- Type-2 Fuzzy Sets -- Operations on and Properties OF Type-2 Fuzzy Sets -- Type-2 Relations and Compositions -- Centroid of a Type-2 Fuzzy Set: Type-Reduction -- Part 3: Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems -- Mamdani Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (IT2 FLSS) -- TSK Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems -- General Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (GT2 FLSS) -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: The third edition of this textbook presents a further updated approach to fuzzy sets and systems that can model uncertainty — i.e., “type-2” fuzzy sets and systems. The author demonstrates how to overcome the limitations of classical fuzzy sets and systems, enabling a wide range of applications, from time-series forecasting to knowledge mining to classification to control and to explainable AI (XAI). This latest edition again begins by introducing classical (type-1) fuzzy sets and systems, and then explains how they can be modified to handle uncertainty, leading to type-2 fuzzy sets and systems. New material is included about how to obtain fuzzy set word models that are needed for XAI, similarity of fuzzy sets, a quantitative methodology that lets one explain in a simple way why the different kinds of fuzzy systems have the potential for performance improvements over each other, and new parameterizations of membership functions that have the potential for achieving even greater performance for all kinds of fuzzy systems. For hands-on experience, the book provides information on accessing MATLAB, Java, and Python software to complement the content. The book features a full suite of classroom material.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783031535499
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 463 p. 220 illus., 157 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 909
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Software engineering.
    Abstract: An Artificial Intelligence-based Concept and Survey for Personalized Learning in schools in the Republic of Bulgaria -- 0/1 1-D bin packing problem solved by a recent nature-inspired optimizer -- Orca predator algorithm for feature selection -- Skeleton Detection Using MediaPipe as a Tool for Musculoskeletal Disorders Analysis -- Pipeline leakage detection via Extreme Seeking Entropy -- Secure Data Transmission Scheme in Wireless Sensor Network Resisting Unknown Lethal Threats -- Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Task Offloading in Multi-access Edge Computing for Marine IoT -- Information and Communication Skills for Higher Learners Competence Model -- Smart solution for public lighting in the municipality -- A Review Paper On Biometric Authentication And Geospatial Data – Case of Zambia.
    Abstract: This book presents cutting-edge research and methodologies in software engineering, specifically focusing on systems and network systems. It showcases novel development approaches and network system optimizations, highlighting the field's dynamic evolution. The book is designed for experts, scholars, and professionals, offering insights and tools crucial for advancing the software engineering landscape. Its diverse content makes it an invaluable resource for seasoned professionals and those new to the field, inspiring and enriching readers' understanding of software engineering's future directions.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9783031476723
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 410 p. 195 illus., 164 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 826
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at The International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Smart Technologies (I2ST’23) held at the Faculty of Science and Technology of Hassan First University, Morocco, on January 17–18, 2023. I2ST'23 is a forum for presenting new advances and research results in the fields of information, communication, and smart technologies. The book discusses significant issues relating to machine learning, smart technologies, and data analytics. The main and distinctive topics covered are: I) AI& Intelligent, II) Systems Smart Technologies, III) Communications and Networking, IV) Software Engineering & Web Applications, V) Information Technology, and VI) Software Engineering & Web Applications.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9783031318016
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 598 p. 34 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Studies in Big Data 117
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering ; Computational intelligence. ; Big data.
    Abstract: Digital transformation and Disruptive Technologies -- Cloud Computing and DevOps on Managing Projects -- Product Differentiation Strategy between Cost Leadership Strategy and Order-Winners -- Customisation Strategy and Product Variety on Operational Performance -- Demand Forecasting on Effective Supply Chain with Mediating Role of Strategic Planning -- Information Sharing and Delivery Time on Customer Happiness.
    Abstract: This book takes a unique approach by exploring the connection between cybersecurity, digitalization, and business intelligence. In today's digital landscape, cybersecurity is a crucial aspect of business operations. Meanwhile, organizations continue to leverage digital technologies for their day-to-day operations. They must be aware of the risks associated with cyber-attacks and implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their assets. It provides practical insights and solutions to help businesses better understand the impact of cybersecurity on their digitalization and business intelligence strategies. It provides practical insights and solutions for implementing cybersecurity measures in organizations and covers a wide range of topics, including threat intelligence, risk management, compliance, cloud security, and IoT security. The book takes a holistic approach and explores the intersection of cybersecurity, digitalization, and business intelligence and examines the possible challenges and opportunities.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783031535529
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 460 p. 247 illus., 157 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 910
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Software engineering.
    Abstract: Interpretable Rules with a Simplified Data Representation - a Case Study with the EMBER dataset -- Spatial econometric models: the pursuit of an accurate spatial structure with an application to labor market -- Use of Neighborhood-based Bridge Node Centrality Tuple for Preferential Vaccination of Nodes to Reduce the Number of Infected Nodes in a Complex Real-World Network -- Social Media Applications’ Privacy Policies for facilitating Digital Living -- Modeling the Alienability of an Electronic Document -- Particular Analysis of Regression Effect Sizes Applied on Big Data Set -- Foreign Languages Teaching Technologies and Methods in Traditional and Distance Forms of Learning -- Application of Fuzzy Logic for Evaluating Student Learning Outcomes in E-Learning -- The meaning of business and software architecture in the enterprise architecture -- Research of the Correlation Between the Results of Detection the Liveliness of a Face and its Identification by Facial Recognition Systems -- Profit Prediction Model for Steel Enterprises Based on Input and Output Prices.
    Abstract: These proceedings offer an insightful exploration of integrating data analytics in system engineering. This book highlights the essential role of data in driving innovation, optimizing processes, and solving complex challenges in the field. Targeted at industry professionals, researchers, and enthusiasts, this book serves as a comprehensive resource, providing actionable insights and showcasing transformative applications of data in engineering. It is a must-read for anyone keen on understanding and participating in the ongoing evolution of system engineering in our data-centric world.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gatti, Roberta Dysfunctional Family Management: Family-Managed Businesses and the Quality of Management Practices
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Family Owned Businesses ; Management Practices ; Managerial Talent ; Private Equity ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Better managed firms perform better. Existing evidence has shown that family-managed firms have poorer management practices. Several reasons have been proposed. Limiting to family members reduces the talent pool of potential managers. Family management creates disincentives for other talented workers given that the environment is not meritocratic. Family managers themselves may be less motivated given that they may not have to compete for the position. This study scales up the evidence by exploring the relationship between family managers and management practices for about 9,000 medium and large firms across 41 developing and advanced economies. The study contributes to the literature by investigating several internal and external operating factors that attenuate or accentuate the relationship between family management and the quality of management practices. The engagement of governments in terms of corruption and political connections is found to be influential
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; Private Investment ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window (PSW)
    Abstract: The private sector is essential for creating jobs and prosperity in poor countries, but developing it is challenging, especially in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). The IDA Private Sector Window (PSW) is a blended finance facility that enables the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and third-party private sector investors to conduct high-risk transactions in International Development Association (IDA) countries and FCS countries. This evaluation aims to assess the usage, market development potential, and enabling factors of the PSW. The evaluation assesses how the usage of the PSW has changed from its inception in 2017 to 2023 and explores its potential market development effects and its enabling factors, namely concessionality (for IFC and MIGA) and additionality (for IFC). Concessionality is the level of subsidy needed for IFC and MIGA to offer transactions in PSW-eligible countries at market prices. Additionality is the unique support IFC brings to private investments (on a project basis) that is not offered by commercial sources of finance. It comprises financial and nonfinancial additionality. This evaluation assesses the PSW across three IDA cycles: IDA18, which covers FY18-20; IDA19, which covers FY21-22; and IDA20, which covers FY23-25. It updates the 2021 IEG early-stage assessment of the PSW (FY18-20) and complements the IDA20 PSW Mid-Term Review, which was prepared jointly by IDA, IFC, and MIGA
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Business Environment ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Economic Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fragile States ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: This Private Sector Assessment Report on the Republic of Yemen is delivered as part of the Private Sector Technical Assistance project. The goal of the project is to understand the dynamics of the country's private sector during conflict; identify constraints to trade, investment, and finance; and propose recommendations for inclusive private sector entry, survival, and growth. The report also includes an overview of the financial sector's impact on the private sector, especially on the latter's resilience during conflict. Finally, the report provides structural and policy recommendations that, once implemented by the authorities on both national and subnational levels, would prepare the Yemeni private sector to participate in the country's post-conflict recovery and reconstruction
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Ecosystem Restoration ; Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financing Needs ; Nature Loss ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Investment
    Abstract: Ecosystem restoration is critical to the global ambition of halting and reversing nature loss. Tremendous efforts have been deployed globally to conserve the remaining rainforests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, reefs and mangroves, and other ecosystems that are critical for safeguarding biodiversity and the ecosystem services that humanity depends on. However, the extent of environmental degradation is such that recovering the productivity of ecosystems where it has been lost is equally important - for nature, communities, and economic sectors. While restoration is often viewed as the purview of the public sector, this report demonstrates opportunities for private sector investment. It aims to shift the perception that restoration finance is limited to grant funding from domestic and international public sources only. Drawing on case studies, it highlights the investment drivers and entry points for private finance in restoration projects. The financing models presented also point to opportunities for replication and scaling. This report is a product of the Finance Task Force of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, an initiative led by the United Nations Environment Program and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The United Nations Decade aims to drive the restoration of one billion hectares of degraded land between now and 2030. The role of the Finance Task Force, chaired by The World Bank, is to catalyze action that can contribute to unlocking the capital needed to meet the United Nations Decade's goals
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Climate Adaptation ; Environment ; Flood Risks ; Natural Disasters ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Resilience
    Abstract: Building resilience to natural disasters is imperative for sustainable private sector development and growth in Malaysia. Floods have been Malaysia's most frequent natural disaster, accounting for 85 percent of all natural disasters since 2000. This report looks holistically at the challenges of adaptation to climate change for businesses, exploring the complementarity among the public sector, the financial sector, and the private sector efforts in managing flood risks. It does so by using a range of complementary analyses that bring together the private sector perspective drawn from a firm-level survey, the financial sector perspective based on a survey of financial institutions (both banks and insurers and takaful operators), along with macro-modelling estimates of the aggregate impacts of future floods. The report concludes with a roadmap for policy action to strengthen private sector resilience and enhance the management of flood risks for businesses, zooming in on policies for the financial sector
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Civil Registration and Identification ; Gender ; Governance ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Administration ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: In Ethiopia, women are 15 percentage points less likely than men to possess a kebele ID, the primary proof of identity document used in the country. This report unveils findings from a study that aims to grasp the reasons behind this gender gap in ID ownership and offers recommendations for overcoming these barriers in Fayda, the new digital ID system launched by the Government of Ethiopia in 2021. Executed by the World Bank in partnership with Ethiopia's National ID Program (NIDP), the study first uses statistical analysis of ID4D-Findex data to illustrate the nature of the ID ownership gap and its ramifications for women. Subsequently, through desk research and original qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews, the report delves into four categories of potential reasons for the gap: legal and policy barriers, social and community barriers, economic and procedural barriers, and information and knowledge barriers. In the concluding section, the report offers three key recommendations for integrating gender inclusivity into the Fayda program, drawingfrom the research findings and inputs gathered from qualitative research participants
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9783031405167
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 355 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Law, Governance and Technology Series 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Information technology ; Mass media ; Law ; Technological innovations. ; Computers ; Business information services. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part I - Content -- The Legal Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Copyright in the Digital Single Market - between new uses of protected content and fairness considerations -- Due diligence obligations and liability of intermediary services: the Proposal for the EU Digital Services Act -- Legal challenges posed by the modern-day transportation services. A brief overview from the private law perspective -- The regulation of content moderation -- Part II - Economy -- The European Way to Regulate Big Tech: the EU’s Digital Markets Act -- “eCommerce and EU consumers' rights” -- Online platforms and taxes in the EU: a compatible match? -- Regulating Digital Advertising from the Perspective of the 4th Industrial Revolution -- Part III - Security -- The European Union Strategy for Cybersecurity -- Remarks on the use of biometric data systems (and facial recognition technologies) for law enforcement purposes: security implications of the Proposal for an EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence -- Cyber operations threatening the European Union and its member states: the rise of the European Union as a cyber defence actor -- Part IV - People -- Data Protection Litigation System under the GDPR -- R2D: The Right to Disconnect from Work -- Is There a Need for an EU Catalogue of Fundamental Digital Rights? -- Countering terrorism propaganda online through TERREG and DSA: a battlefield or a breath of hope for our fundamental human rights? -- AI and Fundamental Rights: the People, the Conversations, and the Governance Challenges.
    Abstract: This book explores the concept of a fourth industrial revolution as an expression of the current technological, economic, and social changes sparked by the growing interconnectivity and intelligent automation that have emerged in the 21st century. It seeks to identify and explain the legal challenges posed by this phenomenon in four main areas: content, economy, security, and people. Part I, Content, considers e.g. the problems posed by new uses of protected works in the digital environment, and the new rules on liability for intermediary services contained in the Digital Services Act. Part II, Economy, is particularly concerned with the regulation of Big Tech in the EU’s Digital Markets Act, ecommerce and EU consumers’ rights, the taxation of online platforms, and digital advertising. Part III, Security, addresses the European Union Strategy for Cybersecurity, the use of biometric data systems and facial recognition technologies for law enforcement purposes, and the security implications of the Proposal for an EU Regulation on Artificial Intelligence, as well as the challenges entailed by the European Union’s positioning itself as a major cyber defence actor. Part IV, People, discusses the Data Protection Litigation System under the GDPR, the right to disconnect from work, the proposed EU Catalogue of Fundamental Digital Rights, the countering of terrorist propaganda online through the TERREG and the DSA, and AI and Fundamental Rights.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783031449390
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 154 p. 20 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Telecommunication. ; Data protection. ; Computer networks
    Abstract: Introduction -- Conference overview -- International Law and Comparative Law in Data Protection and Compliance -- Multidisciplinary Approaches, Arbitration and Balance in Data Protection -- Emerging Technologies, Compliance, and Privacy -- Technology for Compliance and Data Protection -- Data Protection -- Cybersecurity and Data Protection -- Audit and Certification -- Data Subject Rights -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book presents the proceedings of the Privacy Symposium 2023. the book features a collection of high-quality research works and professional perspectives on personal data protection and emerging technologies. Gathering legal and technology expertise, it provides cutting-edge perspective on international data protection regulations convergence, as well as data protection compliance of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, e-health, blockchain, edge computing, Internet of Things, V2X and smart grid. Papers encompass various topics, including international law and comparative law in data protection and compliance, cross-border data transfer, emerging technologies and data protection compliance, data protection by design, technology for compliance and data protection, data protection good practices across industries and verticals, cybersecurity and data protection, assessment and certification of data protection compliance, and data subject rights implementation. Presents the proceedings of the Privacy Symposium 2023 - Data Protection Law International Convergence and Compliance with Innovative Technologies; Features topics such as Data Protection and Compliance, Cybersecurity, Audit and Certification, Data Subject Rights; Includes papers from academic world, law professionals, and the industry of compliance services.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031397486
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 249 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing 411
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Mathematics. ; Engineering
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Textures -- Chapter 3: Brown’s Representation Theorem -- Chapter 4: Direlations -- Chapter 5: Rough Sets -- Chapter 6: Basic Results in Rough Set Theory via Textures.
    Abstract: This book provides a complete framework for the fundamental concepts and results of texture spaces and its applications. The principal aim is to present a comprehensive arguments due to connections among the textures, fuzzy sets and rough sets. In this context, direlations, fuzzy direlations and fuzzy relations constitute a bridge for the remarkable observations on rough set theory. In a more general setting, the approximation operators are also inspected for fuzzy rough set models with two domains of discourse. Since the book is self-contained and reader-friendly, the respected researchers may utilize this source for further investigations of the necessary results for their studies on rough set theory using textures. Therefore, prospective readers are not only mathematicians who interest in purely mathematical theories related to textures, but also engineers of information sciences who need more information for their interdisciplinary studies with respect to rough sets and fuzzy sets.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031407871
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 365 p. 113 illus., 98 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Robotics. ; Machine learning. ; Application software. ; Computer networks .
    Abstract: Part I: Core Problems -- Chapter 1: Neural Network Models for Time Series Data -- Chapter 2: Self-Supervised Learning from Unlabeled IoT Data -- Chapter 3: On the Generalization Power of Overfitted Two-Layer Neural Tangent Kernel Models -- Chapter 4: Out of Distribution Detection -- Chapter 5: Model Compression for Edge Computing -- Part II: Distributed Problems -- Chapter 6: Communication Efficient Distributed Learning -- Chapter 7: Coreset-based Data Reduction for Machine Learning at the Edge -- Chapter 8: Lightweight Collaborative Perception at the Edge -- Chapter 9: Dynamic Placement of Services at the Edge -- Chapter 10: Joint Service Placement and Request Scheduling at the Edge -- Part III: Cross-cutting Thoughts -- Chapter 11: Criticality-based Data Segmentation and Resource Allocation in Machine Inference Pipelines -- Chapter 12: Model Operationalization at Edge Devices.
    Abstract: It is undeniable that the recent revival of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly changed the landscape of science in many application domains, ranging from health to defense and from conversational interfaces to autonomous cars. With terms such as “Google Home”, “Alexa”, and “ChatGPT” becoming household names, the pervasive societal impact of AI is clear. Advances in AI promise a revolution in our interaction with the physical world, a domain where computational intelligence has always been envisioned as a transformative force toward a better tomorrow. Depending on the application family, this domain is often referred to as Ubiquitous Computing, Cyber-Physical Computing, or the Internet of Things. The underlying vision is driven by the proliferation of cheap embedded computing hardware that can be integrated easily into myriads of everyday devices from consumer electronics, such as personal wearables and smart household appliances, to city infrastructure and industrial process control systems. One common trait across these applications is that the data that the application operates on come directly (typically via sensors) from the physical world. Thus, from the perspective of communication network infrastructure, the data originate at the network edge. From a performance standpoint, there is an argument to be made that such data should be processed at the point of collection. Hence, a need arises for Edge AI -- a genre of AI where the inference, and sometimes even the training, are performed at the point of need, meaning at the edge where the data originate. The book is broken down into three parts: core problems, distributed problems, and other cross-cutting issues. It explores the challenges arising in Edge AI contexts. Some of these challenges (such as neural network model reduction to fit resource-constrained hardware) are unique to the edge environment. They need a novel category of solutions that do not parallel more typical concerns in mainstream AI. Others are adaptations of mainstream AI challenges to the edge space. An example is overcoming the cost of data labeling. The labeling problem is pervasive, but its solution in the IoT application context is different from other contexts. This book is not a survey of the state of the art. With thousands of publications appearing in AI every year, such a survey is doomed to be incomplete on arrival. It is also not a comprehensive coverage of all the problems in the space of Edge AI. Different applications pose different challenges, and a more comprehensive coverage should be more application specific. Instead, this book covers some of the more endemic challenges across the range of IoT/CPS applications. To offer coverage in some depth, we opt to cover mainly one or a few representative solutions for each of these endemic challenges in sufficient detail, rather that broadly touching on all relevant prior work. The underlying philosophy is one of illustrating by example. The solutions are curated to offer insight into a way of thinking that characterizes Edge AI research and distinguishes its solutions from their more mainstream counterparts.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Accommodation and ; Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Economic Growth ; Fisheries and ; Fisheries Sector ; Growth Potential ; Human Capital ; Industry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Regionalization ; Tourism Industry ; Tourism Sector
    Abstract: Comoros is at the crossroads to redefine its future and become an upper-middle income country by 2050, but this would require implementing an ambitious reform agenda that focuses on increasing productivity and private investment. The current business-as-usual policy framework has delivered low private investment and human capital, sectoral growth below potential, and no poverty eradication. Pursuing this policy framework, which would not allow Comoros to reach the GDP growth target of 7.5 percent by 2030 laid out in the national development plan, could result in GDP per capita of USD 1,890 and a poverty rate of 22.9 percent by 2050. By contrast, under a policy framework of ambitious reforms that include measures to increase inclusiveness, Comoros could reach a GDP per capita of USD 3,934 and reduce the poverty rate to below 5 percent by 2050. Supported by the continuous implementation of ambitious reforms, such a level of GDP per capita could have Comoros reach upper-middle-income status by 2050. Under this ambitious reform agenda, private investment would average 11.9 percent of GDP in 2023-2050, and total factor productivity growth would average 1.45 percentage points per year during the same period
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Avalos, Edgar Firms' Digitalization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tale of Two Stories
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Digital Adoption in Developing Countries ; Digital Divide ; Digitalization ; Firm-Level Innovation ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Innovation ; Innovation and Technology Policy ; Mobiity Restrictions and Digitalization ; Private Sector Development ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation of businesses. Using a unique global panel dataset, this paper documents the patterns of digital adoption during the pandemic across firms in 57 (mostly developing) countries. The data show the tale of two stories. On one hand, the pandemic drove firms to increase the use of digital platforms and invest in digital solutions. On the other hand, there is evidence that the digital divide increased. There remain substantial gaps between small and large firms as well as across sectors, particularly for new investments in digital solutions. Firms that did not use any digital platform or channel before the pandemic, also lagged in their response to the pandemic, increasing the gap with those that were more digitally ready. Moreover, although the share of online sales across firms for all size groups increased, there is a growing concentration of online sales among top firms. The paper discusses some of the factors associated with this increase in the digital divide and find that changes in digitalization remain even after mobility restrictions have eased. The analysis suggests that the pandemic has accelerated digitalization, but some firms disproportionately benefited from the digital transformation, potentially increasing the digital divide
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  • 21
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Atiyas, Izak Digital Technology uses among Microenterprises: Why is Productive use so Low across Sub-Saharan Africa?
    Keywords: Digital Divide ; Digital Technologies ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; ICT Business Linkages ; ICT Economics ; Inclusion ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Jobs ; Microenterprise ICT ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Smartphone ; Technology Use Gender Gap
    Abstract: This paper explores the use of digital technologies, their association with performance outcomes, and the main constraints to greater use among microenterprises. The study uses a sample of more than 3,300 firms across seven Sub-Saharan African countries, of which over 70 percent are informal and over half are self-employed enterprises with no full-time workers. The analysis finds that productive use of digital technologies is low: less than 7 percent of firms use a smartphone, less than 6 percent use a computer, and roughly 20 percent still do not use a mobile phone. Even fewer firms use digital tools enabled by these access technologies: among firms with smartphones, less than half use the internet to find suppliers, and only half with a computer use accounting software or inventory control/point-of-sale software. Women are less likely to use all digital technologies than men. A greater range of uses based on internet-enabled computers or smartphones relative to uses based on 2G phones are conditionally associated with higher job levels. However, there may be a tension between higher productivity and more jobs: the highest productivity firms are not generators of the highest jobs, and vice versa. That formal high-sales and high-jobs firms are more strongly associated with the use of internet-enabled tools than high-productivity firms suggests that relaxing constraints preventing the latter from using more such digital tools and expanding sales and jobs could be important. Among these constraints, more than seven in ten non-users indicate that lack of attractiveness ("no need") is the main impediment to productive use of digital technologies. The most important conditional correlates of smartphone and computer adoption are related to having a loan, having electricity, having business linkages with large firms as customers, and managers having vocational training
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  • 22
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kasyanenko, Sergiy The Past and Future of Regional Potential Growth: Hopes, Fears, and Realities
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Competitiveness ; Demographics ; Developing Economies ; Emerging Markets ; International Economics and Trade ; Investment ; Potential Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Total Factor Productivity
    Abstract: Potential growth slowed in most emerging market and developing economy (EMDE) regions in the past decade. The steepest slowdown occurred in the Middle East and North Africa (MNA), followed by East Asia and the Pacific (EAP), although potential growth in EAP remained one of the two highest among EMDE regions, the other being South Asia (SAR), where potential growth remained broadly unchanged. Projections of the fundamental drivers of growth suggest that, without reforms, potential growth in EMDEs will continue to weaken over the remainder of this decade. The slowdown will be most pronounced in EAP and Europe and Central Asia because of slowing labor force growth and weak investment, and least pronounced in Sub-Saharan Africa where the multiple adverse shocks over the past decade are assumed to dissipate going forward. Potential growth in Latin America and the Caribbean, MNA, and SAR is expected to be broadly steady as slowing population growth is offset by strengthening productivity. The projected declines in potential growth are not inevitable. Many EMDEs could lift potential growth by implementing reforms, with policy priorities varying across regions
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als di Giovanni, Julian Buy Big or Buy Small? Procurement Policies, Firms' Financing, and the Macroeconomy
    Keywords: Aggregate Productivity ; Business in Development ; Capital Accumulation ; Financial Friction ; Firm Dynamics ; Governance ; Government Procurement ; International Economics and Trade ; National Governance ; Private Sector Development ; Procurement Rules ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises ; Small Firm Growth Constraint
    Abstract: This paper provides a framework to study how different allocation systems of public procurement contracts affect firm dynamics and long-run macroeconomic outcomes. It builds a novel panel dataset for Spain that merges public procurement data, credit register loan data, and quasi-census firm-level data. The paper provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that procurement contracts act as collateral for firms and help them grow out of their financial constraints. The paper then builds a model of firm dynamics with asset- and earnings-based borrowing constraints and a government that buys goods and services from private sector firms, and uses it to quantify the long-run macroeconomic consequences of alternative procurement allocation systems. The findings show that policies which promote the participation of small firms have sizeable macroeconomic effects, but the net impact on aggregate output is ambiguous. While these policies help small firms grow and overcome financial constraints, which increases output in the long run, these policies also increase the cost of government purchases and reduce saving incentives for large firms, decreasing the effective provision of public goods and output in the private sector, respectively. The relative importance of these forces depends on how the policy is implemented and the type and strength of financial frictions
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  • 24
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (102 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad The Resilience of Smes and Large Firms in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Decomposition Analysis
    Keywords: Competition Policy ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; COVID-19 Impact ; COVID-19 Pandemic Supply Chain Disruption ; Decomposition ; Firm Size ; Firm Size and Resilience ; International Economics and Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Small And Medium Size Enterprise (SME) ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises ; Supply Chain Disruption Impact
    Abstract: This study analyzes the difference in the decline in sales between small and medium-size enterprises and large firms (the "gap") following the outbreak of COVID-19 in 19 developing countries. The decline in sales as a percentage of the pre-pandemic level was bigger for small and medium-size enterprises by 12.2 percentage points. The paper uses the Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder and quantile decomposition methods to estimate individual factors' contributions to the gap at the mean and across the sales decline distribution. Several important results emerge. First, relative to large firms, small and medium-size enterprises faced greater incidence of input supply disruptions during the pandemic, had lower initial labor productivity levels, and were concentrated in country-industry cells with a bigger sales declines. These differences in the level of factors widened the gap. Small and medium-size enterprises also suffered more than large firms from a given level of financial constraints, input supply disruptions, and country-industry-specific factors, and benefitted less from a given level of initial labor productivity. These differences in the returns to factors also widened the gap. Second, the gap was much larger at the relatively high quantiles of sales decline distribution, indicating that relative to large firms, small and medium-size enterprises were much less resilient to large shocks than small shocks. Third, individual factors' contribution to the gap varied across the sales decline distribution. Thus, the optimal policy mix depends on the size of the shock. Fourth, there were some important differences between geographical regions in what drove the gap. Thus, an eclectic policy approach is needed that duly accounts for the prevailing local conditions
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Brucal, Arlan Masters of Disasters: The Heterogeneous Effects of a Crisis on Micro-Sized Firms
    Keywords: Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies ; Business Pulse Survey Data ; COVID-19 Impact ; Crisis and Micro and Small Firms ; Crisis Effects ; Informality ; International Finance Corporation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector Development ; Resilience ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: Most crises have a disproportionately larger negative effect on micro-sized firms. Yet, the heterogeneity of impact within micro-sized firms is lesser known. Using five waves of the World Bank's Business Pulse Survey data, this paper finds that firms with zero to four employees have a much larger drop in sales and slower recovery rate compared to micro-sized firms with five to nine employees. The overall differences in the resilience between the two groups of micro-sized firms could potentially be due to a uniformly lower productivity level of firms with zero to four employees. Within the two groups of micro-sized firms, resilience is correlated with their liquidity position, managerial attitudes as well as their abilities. Using discriminant analysis, this paper confirms that a significant proportion of micro-sized firms mimic the behavior of larger firms in terms of their resilience to shocks and could potentially be "misclassified" as micro-sized. These findings have important implications for targeting and tailoring support for enhancing businesses' resilience to shocks
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (204 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Climate ; Competition ; Firm Dynamics ; Private Sector Development ; SOE ; State Owned Enterprises
    Abstract: The state, as an owner of businesses, competes and collaborates with the private sector, and this involvement has profound implications for investment and growth. Governments actively participate in commercial markets in different forms, from controlling the production of goods and services to investing in firms as a minority shareholder. The impact of state participation on an economy's growth depends on the type of public-private ownership, the types of markets, and the importance of those markets in the economy. The impact also depends on how policies and institutions regulate both the businesses with state ownership and the markets in which they are active. The Business of the State uses new evidence covering 91 countries from the World Bank's Global Businesses of the State database to highlight the distinction between businesses of the state and traditionally understood state-owned enterprises. The report analyzes how different ownership forms across sectors and institutional settings affect private investment, productivity, technology adoption, and job creation. It also analyzes how government participation in markets influences the ability of economies to respond to shocks, from pandemics to climate change. The report proposes a clear analytical framework for understanding the consequences of relying on businesses of the state to attain specific development goals
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ghose, Devaki Firms in Global Value Chains during Covid-19: Evidence from Indonesia
    Keywords: Global Value Chain ; Global Value Chains and Business Clustering ; Industrial and Market Data and Reporting ; Industry ; International Economics and Trade ; Non-Tariff Measures ; Port Congestion ; Port of Entry Restriction Impact ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Resilience ; Trade Policy ; Value Chain Participation
    Abstract: Using detailed monthly firm-level trade data from Indonesia from February 2019 to June 2021, this paper shows that firm-level exports were overall more resilient than imports during Covid-19. Firms that participated in global value chains were more resilient to the Covid-19 shock beyond the immediate short-run compared to firms that did not. However, among global value chain firms, those that faced certain types of non-tariff measures on their import products, notably port of entry restrictions, on average faced larger reductions in export quantities and number of transactions compared to firms that did not face such restrictions, consistent with the evidence of major port congestion during Covid-19. Therefore, although international connectedness could be a source of vulnerability to global shocks in the immediate short run, policies that enable firms to be more globally engaged through global value chains could enhance resilience. Relatedly, tackling measures such as port of entry restrictions can ensure fast and efficient port and customs procedures, especially during periods of high port congestion, as global value chain trade requires goods to cross borders many times
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2153
    Keywords: Economic Development ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Jobs ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Starting A Business ; Transition
    Abstract: This report presents a diagnostic study of barriers to private sector participation focusing on young Kuwaitis. The General Secretariat of the Supreme Council for Planning and Development (GSSCPD), Kuwait Public Policy Centre (KPPC) and the World Bank's behavioral science team, the Mind, Behavior, and Development Unit (eMBeD), partnered to conduct a series of data collection activities seeking to identify key structural and behavioral barriers that prevent higher youth participation in the private sector. The right of every Kuwaiti to work is mentioned in Articles 26 and 41 of the Constitution and in various Emiri decrees. The Constitution also commits to state provision of allowances for housing, health care, education, as well as social security, pensions, and disability benefits. Overall, Kuwaiti citizens tend to consider public sector employment to be superior to private sector employment. Reasons for this include greater job security, less burdensome responsibilities, generous pay and benefits, and shorter working hours in the public sector compared to private sector (Towards a National Jobs Strategy in Kuwait, 2021). Given this, there is limited incentive for Kuwaitis to work in the private sector. Indeed, Kuwaiti nationals account for only 4.3 percent of the private sector workforce (Labor Market Information System, 2019), the majority of which is made up of expatriates. The public sector, on the other hand, employs 76 percent of Kuwaiti citizens (Labor Market Information System, 2019). However, the sustainability and efficiency of this system is more than ever under question. High population growth and expected entry of many Kuwaiti nationals into the jobs market by 2022 is putting pressure on public sector employment, and the rising wage bill presents further fiscal challenges (International Monetary Fund, 2019). Public sector entities, which are under pressure to absorb these entrants, are already overstaffed
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 pages)
    Series Statement: Africa's Pulse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Debt Vulnerabilities ; Economic Growth ; Fiscal Space ; Inflation ; Jobs ; Political Instability ; Private Sector Development ; Skills Development
    Abstract: Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to slow to 2.5 percent in 2023 from 3.6 percent in 2022. It is projected to increase to 3.7 percent in 2024 and 4.1 percent in 2025. However, in per capita terms, the region is projected to slightly contract over 2015-2025. The region faces many challenges, including a "lost decade" of sluggish growth, persistently low per capita income, mounting fiscal pressures exacerbated by high debt burdens, and an urgent need for job creation. Tackling these multifaceted issues requires comprehensive reforms to promote economic prosperity, reduce poverty, and create sustainable employment opportunities in the region. This will require an ecosystem that facilitates firm entry, stability, growth, and skill development that matches business demand
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Education Equity ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policies ; Private Sector Development ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Finance Management
    Abstract: Mauritius's economy has grown dramatically since the country's independence in 1968, and its rapid development offers a powerful example for developing economies worldwide. However, growth dynamism has waned in recent years. In addition, Mauritius was hard-hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and headwinds from Russia's war in Ukraine. Nevertheless, Mauritius has shown strong resilience, and with an economic recovery now well underway, the government has an opportunity to implement structural reforms to boost inclusive growth and sustainably regain high-income status. Reorienting the country's fiscal policy will be critical to this effort, to better align revenues and expenditures and to strengthen macroeconomic stability, which played a major role in Mauritius's economic success. Mauritius's transition to a knowledge-based economy will also require a robust competitive environment and sustained investment in human capital and innovation. This report identifies opportunities to enhance the impact of fiscal policy on macroeconomic stability and accelerate the transition toward greener, more resilient, and knowledge-based growth. The recommended reforms are designed to prioritize investment in productive assets while continuing to meet the social needs of an aging society in a cost-effective manner and strengthening resilience against climate change and other shocks. The report also identifies opportunities to leverage Mauritius's low-carbon growth potential in line with the focus of its most recent budgets
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Georgieva, Dorina Examining Business Reform Committees: Findings from a New Global Dataset
    Keywords: Business Enviornment ; Enterprise Development and Reform ; Globl Competitiveness ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector ; Reform Committee ; Regulatory Coherence ; Regulatory Quality
    Abstract: Reform committees (also known as reform councils) are institutional mechanisms or structures tasked with holding policy discussions pertaining to (and making specific recommendations on) regulatory issues, to monitor improvement efforts and ensure regulatory coherence between agencies while enhancing regulatory quality. This paper presents novel granular data on business reform committees for 160 economies collected over 2020-22. The paper presents 35 questions and 238 variables grouped into three pillars: (i) mandate and scope, (ii) organizational structure and operational framework, and (iii) stakeholder engagement and communication. The dataset is unique in that it covers a large number of developing economies and presents detailed insights into the goals, structures, and components of reform committees while contributing to debates on strategies for promoting better regulations. Reform committees are heterogeneous structures, prevalent in lower-middle-income economies, followed by upper-middle-income economies. Most economies with a functioning reform committee state that their mandate is to improve competitiveness globally by improving the business regulatory/legislative framework, going beyond improvements of the business environment for domestic companies. In more than 50 percent of the economies the priorities are set at the ministry level, most commonly the Ministry of Finance or equivalent, followed by the Prime Minister's office. However, reporting lines can be very different-across a quarter of the economies, the chair of the reform committee reports to the President or the head of state, while in close to one-fifth the chair reports to the Prime Minister. In most economies, public sector representatives are members of both the steering board and the working groups. These findings provide new insights into the scope, mandate, and functioning of business reform committees at different income levels and across different regions; they also provide a robust foundation on which subsequent research efforts can build
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Freund, Caroline Is US Trade Policy Reshaping Global Supply Chains?
    Keywords: 10-Digit Us Import Data ; Bilateral Trade Decoupling ; China Supply Chains ; Diversification ; Global Value Chains ; Global Value Chains and Business Clustering ; International Economics and Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Reshoring ; Tariffs ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: This paper examines the reshaping of supply chains using detailed US 10-digit import data (tariff-line level) between 2017 and 2022. The results show that while US-China decoupling in bilateral trade is real, supply chains remain intertwined with China. Over the period, China's share of US imports fell from 22 to 16 percent. The paper shows that the decline is due to US tariffs. US imports from China are being replaced with imports from large developing countries with revealed comparative advantage in a product. Countries replacing China tend to be deeply integrated into China's supply chains and are experiencing faster import growth from China, especially in strategic industries. Put differently, to displace China on the export side, countries must embrace China's supply chains. Within products, the reorientation of trade is consistent with a "China + 1" strategy, as opposed to diversified sourcing across multiple countries. There is some evidence of nearshoring, but it is exclusive to border nations, and there is no consistent evidence of reshoring. Despite the significant reshaping, China remained the top supplier of imported goods to the US in 2022
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eslava, Marcela Business Size, Development, and Inequality in Latin America: A Tale of one Tail
    Keywords: Business Size ; Developing Economies Business Data ; Economic Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm-Level Datasets ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Micro-Enterprises ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Self-Employment
    Abstract: Using official employment surveys for 45 advanced economies and Latin American countries, this paper shows that the positive cross-country correlation between business size and GDP per capita is tighter than previously found using firm-level datasets and finds a close negative business size-Gini relationship. The paper also finds a closer connection between individual income and business size for workers in less developed countries compared with those in advanced economies. Because employment data address the bias against the smallest productive units that characterize firm-level datasets, our approach uniquely assesses and highlights the dominance of the left tail of the business size distribution in less developed countries
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  • 34
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Miller, Amisha Asking Better Questions: The Effect of Changing Investment Organizations' Evaluation Practices on Gender Disparities in Funding Innovation
    Keywords: Access To Credit ; Access To Finance ; Africa Gender Innovation Lab ; Entrepreneurship ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Governance ; Gender Gap ; Innovation ; Investment in Women Owned Enterprise ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Female innovators raise fewer resources from investors, even when their ventures are similar to those of all-male teams. Efforts to mitigate the disparities have typically focused on changing how founders seek investment. However, the causes of gender disparities are systemic: in uncertain contexts, evaluators value women's competence or leadership potential lower than men's, and investors inquire more about risks when facing female founders than males. What is the effect of investment organizations' evaluation practices on gender disparities in funding innovation This paper examines a two-stage global field experiment with investors making 1,871 investment decisions on early-stage startups, which resulted in USD 320,000 invested in 16 startups. The experiment changed an organization's evaluation framework to systematize investor inquiry across all ventures by including prompts about (1) risk and reward and (2) progress during the evaluation period. This caused treated investors to (1) assess startups more consistently and (2) assess startup competence more dynamically than control investors. It eliminated, even reversed, the gender gap in investment outcomes. These results have implications for organizations making decisions in uncertain contexts, and those aiming to reduce gender disparities
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iacovone, Leonardo Bayesian Impact Evaluation with Informative Priors: An Application to a Colombian Management and Export Improvement Program
    Keywords: Bayesian Impact Evaluation ; Competition Policy ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Economic Theory and Research ; Export Competitiveness ; International Economics and Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Prior Elicitation ; Private Sector Development ; Randomized Experiment ; Social Policy Evaluation Method
    Abstract: Policymakers often test expensive new programs on relatively small samples. Formally incorporating informative Bayesian priors into impact evaluation offers the promise to learn more from these experiments. A Colombian government program which aimed to increase exporting was trialed experimentally on 200 firms with this goal in mind. Priors were elicited from academics, policymakers, and firms. Contrary to these priors, frequentist estimation can not reject 0 effects in 2019, and finds some negative impacts in 2020. For binary outcomes like whether firms export, frequentist estimates are relatively precise, and Bayesian credible posterior intervals update to overlap almost completely with standard confidence intervals. For outcomes like increasing export variety, where the priors align with the data, the value of these priors is seen in posterior intervals that are considerably narrower than frequentist confidence intervals. Finally, for noisy outcomes like export value, posterior intervals show almost no updating from the priors, highlighting how uninformative the data are about such outcomes
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Attracting Business Investment ; Business Environment ; Employment Policy ; Job Generation and Creation ; Jobs Policy ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Market Regulations ; Law and Development ; Private Sector Development ; Remittances ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Shaping a Better Future for the Filipino Workforce aims to inform jobs policy by examining key determinants and outcomes of jobs. Jobs are created when the macroeconomic environment is conducive and policies are predictable to businesses with sustained growth, trades, and investments. At the same time, a large body of literature also shows that economic growth alone is not sufficient for generating jobs. Jobs are created when firms pursue expansion through innovation and competitiveness and demand for more labor input, while workers' skills and human capital are able to meet the needs of firms. Intrahousehold resource allocation and decisions for labor supply also affect the jobs outcomes. It is not uncommon that workers as self-employed create jobs by initiating their own business. The market clearing process of labor is then affected by labor market institutions, most notably labor market regulations and labor policies and programs. These are key determinants of how easy it is to start a business or to hire a worker, how high labor costs are, and how efficiently firms and workers are matched. Part I looks into the country's labor market in chronological order, while Part II discusses three major areas of Philippine jobs - labor regulation, international migration, and emerging demands for green and digital jobs
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cull, Robert Trade Credit: Theory and Evidence for Emerging Economies and Developing Countries
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Banking Institutions ; Capital Markets and Capital Flows ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development and Growth ; International Trade ; Medium-Sized Firms ; Private Sector Development ; Trade Credit
    Abstract: Trade credit remains an important source of finance for firms in developing countries and many firms in developed countries, especially those that are young, small, or informationally opaque for other reasons. This paper summarizes the literature and explains the pervasiveness of trade credit, detailing its potential advantages over formal credit in terms of the information that buyers and sellers have about each other and their ability to monitor one another. Because it requires less formal contract enforcement, trade credit can be especially relevant where the rule of law and the legal system are weak. At the same time, reliance on information from social networks and informal institutional arrangements limits the scale of trade credit, and thus moderate improvements to formal enforcement can expand trade credit beyond social networks and enable customers to switch suppliers, which improves their credit terms. The patterns suggest a sweet spot or "Goldilocks" region where mid-size firms and those in countries at middling levels of development tend to rely relatively more heavily on trade credit than others. Going forward, detailed data on the relationship between suppliers and customers are crucial to enable more direct tests of theoretical predictions regarding trade credit
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Economic Forecasting ; Economic Growth ; Growth and Prices ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Payments ; Poverty Projections ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Public Finances
    Abstract: Private sector participation in the Tajik economy is relatively large, but dynamism is very low. Analysis with micro-level data points to multiple weaknesses: low entry rate, low productivity, limited integration to trade, low incidence of innovation, and limited capabilities. Also revealing is that private firms struggle to grow as they age. All these aspects reflect a business environment that does not reward the more efficient firms or those with the highest growth potential. The Covid-19 effects brought additional challenges to this low-level equilibrium scenario with shocks in sales and financial distress. The silver line aspect stems from the increasing use of digital technologies. Still, the apparent digital divide regarding firm size poses questions on the real implications for future productivity performance. Against this backdrop, and to tackle the long-term weaknesses of the private sector in Tajikistan, it is crucial to remove barriers that prevent the reallocation of resources towards more productive firms so that the private sector becomes more efficient and able to generate more and better jobs. In this case, and to prioritize measures that maximize effects on aggregate demand in the short-medium-run, it is crucial to give precedence to structural policies that remove impediments to firm entry and expansion of the private sector. Three sets of barriers deserve particular attention: (i) barriers to competition, (ii) barriers to foreign direct investment, and (iii) trade barriers. These barriers must be tackled together because they all reinforce each other regarding firms' competitiveness
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Grover, Arti Do Shocks Perpetuate Disparities within and across Informal Firms? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Asia
    Keywords: COVID Shock To Informal Firms ; COVID-19 Economic Recovery ; COVID-19 Impact ; Equity and Development ; Firms in Crisis ; Informality ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Support
    Abstract: Using three rounds of data from the Business Pulse Survey in South Asia, this paper studies the differential effects of the COVID-19 shock on informal firms. It also captures heterogeneity within informal firms based on the degree and motivation of informality. The findings suggest that the severity of the impact of the COVID-19 shock and the recovery speed are strongly associated with the degree of informality. Firms' external attributes, such as size, sector, age, and gender of the owner, do not explain the depth of the impact. Internal characteristics such as poor management capabilities and education of the manager and owners are strong predictors of vulnerability among informal firms. In particular, necessity firms experience a larger drop in sales relative to the parasitic type of informal firms. To add to this, the adjustment response (for example, the use of digital platforms) of informal firms is smaller, which perpetuates the gap between formal and informal firms. Within informal firms, the parasitic type typically have a smaller adjustment response. These findings have implications for policies to support the private sector in the presence of informality, including considerations pertaining to targeting, modality of support, and the instruments required for designing more impactful programs during shocks
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Beegle, Kathleen Missing SDG Gender Indicators
    Keywords: Corporate Data and Reporting ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Equality Goals ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; International Organizations ; Law and Development ; National Statistical System ; Private Sector Development ; Statistical Indicators ; Tracking Gender SDG Goals
    Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goal agenda lays out an ambitious set of 231 indicators to track progress. Countries continue to fall short in terms of reporting on the indicators in general, and this is particularly the case for the subset of 50 gender-related indicators, where countries reported on average on 31 percent of these indicators in at least one year from 2016 to 2020. A closer look at this low coverage reveals four salient fundings. First, this is not just a problem of missing data; lack of reporting on existing data is detected to be a problem. For example, of the 32 gender-related indicators that are sex disaggregated, if countries that had a population estimate also had a sex-disaggregated estimate (which is almost always feasible), the Sustainable Development Goal gender coverage rate would be 43 percent instead of 31 percent. Second, better statistical systems are a major part of the solution, as statistical system strength is correlated with higher coverage. Third, poorer countries are doing no worse in reporting on gender-related Sustainable Development Goal indicators than high-income countries, despite weaker statistical systems. Lastly, sizable over (and under) performance in reporting, conditional on statistical strength, suggests that country-level advocacy and focus can yield wins in Sustainable Development Goal gender indicator coverage
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tillan, Pablo Reassessing the Impacts of Exports on Local Labor Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective - Evidence from the Arab Republic of Egypt
    Keywords: Export Competitiveness ; Export Impacts ; Firm Dynamics ; Gender and Labor Markets ; Global Value Chains and Business Clustering ; International Economics and Trade ; Labor Market Outcomes ; Labor Markets ; Limited Export Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: This paper examines the overall impact of exports while accounting for supply chain linkages on local labor market outcomes in the Arab Republic of Egypt between 2007 and 2018. The paper assesses the effects not only on directly exporting industries, but also on industries indirectly affected by rising export demand. Furthermore, it examines potential impacts on specific groups of workers, such as high-skilled individuals and female workers. The results show that trade does not lead to the same connection with domestic labor markets in Egypt as observed in other countries, as highlighted in the existing literature explaining the adverse effects of imports on developing countries. Despite being more open to trade, trade-intensive industries in Egypt have not experienced a significant increase in their share of employment within the overall workforce. To harness the benefits of trade, Egypt must undertake deeper reforms aimed at significantly expanding the export sector
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Clement, Anne Containing Tariff Evasion
    Keywords: Corporate Governance and Corruption ; Exporters ; Importers ; Law and Development ; Mirror Statistics ; Private Sector Development ; Sea Freight Corruption ; Tariff ; Tax Evasion ; Tax Law ; Trade
    Abstract: To identify transactions at risk of tariff evasion, this paper matches export transaction data from France with import transaction data from Madagascar using container identifiers. Reporting discrepancies between exporters and importers are prevalent but small, with over two-fifths of importers reporting in a way that increases their tariff liability. Yet, aggregate tariff revenues are 24 percent lower due to discrepancies. These revenue losses are highly concentrated: the top five evaders account for three-quarters of all tariff revenue losses and larger shipments are more at risk of evasion. Tariff enforcement in Madagascar is ineffective and only marginally mitigates revenue losses
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 7800
    Keywords: Equitable Growth ; Femail Entrepreneurship ; Female Managers ; Financial Inclusion ; Gender ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Private Sector Development ; Self-Employed Women ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Abstract: Although female entrepreneurship is crucial to generating sustainable and equitable growth patterns, international evidence shows that women tend to be underrepresented in entrepreneurship, and this gender gap has exhibited remarkable persistence. In this study, we first measure the gender gap in entrepreneurship in Romania by using various data sources. We observe significant gender gaps, with the average gender gap in self-employment rates being 4.2 percentage points when abstracting from observable characteristics. Even when controlling for observable characteristics, the gender gap is persistent (3.7 percentage points). Other measures, such as the share of firms with female owners and top managers, indicate that the gap could be even larger. Moreover, we observe that the entrepreneurial gender gap varies across income quintiles and between rural and urban areas. In the second step, we analyze the potential drivers of women's engaging less in entrepreneurship by following the model of the "5 M's" developed by Brush, De Bruin, and Welter (2009). We find that the following drivers play a role in the entrepreneurial gender gap in Romania: gender gaps in financial inclusion and access to assets, harmful gender norms, motherhood, lack of childcare, and eldercare. Our findings suggest the need for a nuanced approach toward female entrepreneurship that factors in the distinct challenges of different groups of women and consists of a menu of policy interventions. Policies should range from improving women's access to relevant assets, human capital, and networks to addressing harmful gender norms and sparking an entrepreneurial culture in Romania more generally. Lastly, our evidence indicates that women are more interested in "impact" entrepreneurship. As women entrepreneurs in Romania mainly operate in the primary sector, givingthem a leading role in the green transition has great potential for more sustainable and equitable growth patterns
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Grover, Arti Does Informality Depress Investments and Job Recovery? F.-L. Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in South Asia
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Covid-19 Pandemic Firm-Level Impact ; Crisis Recovery In Informal Economies ; Employment and Unemployment ; Firm's Investment Decision ; Informality ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Social Protections and Labor ; World Bank Business Pulse Survey
    Abstract: Using three rounds of the World Bank's Business Pulse Surveys in South Asia, this paper quantifies the relationship between informality and firms' investment and employment decisions. Accounting for multidimensionality in definition and the margins of informality, the analysis suggests that first, informal firms remain credit and liquidity constrained before and during the crisis, especially the necessity firms. In the pre-crisis period, access to finance is correlated with the extensive margin of informality, while during the crisis, both margins of informality matter. Second, informal firms perceive uncertainty to be higher because of pessimistic expectations on recovery and lower ability to predict future sales, especially the necessity firms. Third, credit constraints and accentuated uncertainty among informal firms discourage investments. Finally, while employment growth is slow and gradual for formal firms as they begin to recover sales, job growth in informal firms does not correspond to the recovery. The results suggest that countries with a large informal sector may face unusually depressed investments and jobs recovery and may have to deploy additional policy levers to accelerate recovery in the post-crisis period
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2163
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Governance ; Climate Resilience ; Economic Diversification ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Sector and Social Assistance ; Health Costs ; Natural Capital ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Republic Of Congo ; Sustainable Growth
    Abstract: The Republic of Congo (RoC) CCDR is a new World Bank core diagnostic report that integrate climate change and development considerations. It is intended to help the country prioritize the most impactful actions that can boost adaptation and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while delivering on broader development goals. The CCDR builds on data and rigorous research and identify main pathways to reduce climate vulnerabilities and GHG emissions, including the costs and challenges as well as benefits and opportunities from doing so. The report highlights that RoC could reduce poverty in rural areas by 40% and in urban areas by 20% by 2050 by implementing more ambitious reforms to promote economic diversification and climate resilience. It also concludes that business as usual is not an option. Economic losses could reach up to 17% of GDP by 2050 if reforms to diversify the economy and attract more climate investments are not taken. Climate impacts could also increase total health costs from USD 92 million in 2010 to USD 260 million by 2050. The report identifies four priorities to promote sustainable growth in the country: (i) stronger and greener infrastructure and services in electricity, transport, water, and sanitation can deliver transformative results; (ii) More climate-ready education, health systems and social services can save lives and bring critical resources to the poorest; (iii) More investments in natural capital including climate smart agriculture and greater forest management along will help create jobs while reducing carbon emissions; (iv) better climate governance to leverage carbon markets. The forest contributes to USD 260 million in timber exports and store over 44 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. Protecting and valorizing the forest is critical to turn the country's natural capital into wealth. The report emphasizes that the private sector has a critical role to play in mobilizing financing for an ambitious set of reforms and investments in the context of tight fiscal space. This will require raising awareness on risks and opportunities from climate change, and innovative solutions and financial sector reforms
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bruhn, Miriam Government Support and Firm Performance during COVID-19
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; Employment ; Government ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Pandemic ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This paper assesses the medium-run effects of government support to firms during the COVID-19 crisis and whether the effectiveness of this support varied with its timing. Using data from three rounds of the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys COVID-19 Follow-up Surveys carried out between May 2020 and April 2022, it relates government support in Round 1 (received in the first half of 2020) and Round 2 (received during the second half of 2020 or early 2021) with firm performance in Round 3 (generally mid-2021). Controlling for a host of background characteristics, firms that received support in Round 1 performed better in terms of Round 3 sales, but only if they did not have continued support. Firms that also received support in Round 2 had similar Round 3 sales as those that received no support and were more likely to decrease employment. Firms that received government support only in Round 2 experienced no boost in Round 3 performance. The findings suggest that government support should be provided promptly, but it should also be phased out quickly
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bussolo, Maurizio How Selling Online is Affecting Informal Firms in South Asia
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Business in Development ; Customer Acquisition ; E-Commerce Platform ; E-Commerce Sellers ; Growing Smallbusinesses ; Informal Employment ; Informality ; Market Access ; Online Shopping App ; Onlinebusiness ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Understanding how e-commerce platforms are affecting the small, informal firms that sell on them is a question of growing importance to researchers and policy makers in developing countries. This paper examines this question using data from surveys of firms selling on two e-commerce platforms in South Asia. The businesses selling on these platforms range widely in terms of size, degree of formalization, and other characteristics. However, these firms - even the micro and small ones, which tend to be informal - are from a selected group, being owned and managed by individuals who are more educated and younger than the owners and managers of more typical firms in this setting. The sellers' main reason for joining the platforms is to access more customers. Most of the sellers report an expansion of their business after joining the platforms. They also report an increase in their incentive to register their business and their visibility to tax authorities. Other, less widespread channels of impact reported by the firms include the adoption of new or improved business practices and technologies, better access to finance, and greater flexibility in balancing home and work life. In general, these reported impacts do not vary significantly by firm size or degree of formalization, suggesting that even informal, small firms that have (selectively) joined e-commerce platforms can benefit from the greater market access facilitated by the platforms. Finally, given size and age, firms that have been selling on the platform for a longer period are more likely to experience these impacts, suggesting that firms learn how to use the platform more effectively over time
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ghose, Devaki Offshoring Response to High-Skilled Immigration: A Firm-Level Analysis
    Keywords: EU Labor Law ; EU Labor Policy ; Globalization ; Globalized Labor Market ; Immigration ; International Economics and Trade ; Offshoring ; Private Sector Development ; Skilled Short-Stay Immigrants
    Abstract: Using a policy change in the Netherlands in 2012 that made it easier and less costly for firms to employ high-skilled short-stay non-European Union workers and a matched employer-employee data, this paper shows that firms in high-skill industries respond by both employing a higher share of non-European Union immigrants and increasing the total amount of offshoring to non-European Union countries. With reduced costs of hiring short-stay non-European Union workers, small firms hire and fire more non-European Union workers in a given year. Many of these workers return to their home countries, establishing direct connections that boost offshoring to firms in the Netherlands. By contrast, large firms absorb some of the workers leaving the small firms. These workers also establish connections between their host and origin countries, boosting offshoring
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank Group Gender Thematic Policy Notes Series
    Keywords: Business Ethics, Leadership and Values ; Development Policy Lending ; Earning Equity ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Law ; Gender and Public Expenditures ; Gender Equity ; Gender Policy ; Male Dominated Employment Sectors ; Private Sector Development ; Skills Gap ; Womens Skills Development ; Womens Work ; Workplace Discrimination
    Abstract: Gender gaps in earnings persist across all regions. For every dollar men make, women make 77 cents. Closing this gap can lead to sizeable gains for economies - an estimated 160 trillion dollars in global gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. A multitude of factors contributes to this gap and this note sheds light on some of the key drivers. Effective evidence-backed policy options to close the earnings gap include providing information on work opportunities and returns to employment, training in socio-emotional skills, imparting sector-specific technical skills to address occupational segregation and adopting pay-transparency laws. The World Bank Group actively supports countries to boost women's access to better, high-quality jobs through development policy lending, advisory and analytical work, and supporting reforms to address constraining contextual factors. This note examines an array of policy options that are effective or show promise in closing gender gaps in earnings and offers some key takeaways
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Investment and Investment Climate ; Investment Promotion Agencies ; IPA Strategy ; KPI ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Monitoring and Evaluation ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics
    Abstract: Governments establish investment promotion agencies (IPAs) as part of the larger framework fostering private sector development and contributing to achieving national development objectives. IPAs do this by attracting and supporting investments that will translate into more and better jobs; higher wages; more revenue for local businesses; and the skills, technologies, and new economic activities which will, in turn, lead again to more jobs, wages, and local revenue. In order to do this, the IPA must identify its own strategic objectives and chart a path towards the achievement of these objectives. Cascading from national strategies and plans, the IPA's strategy is a key tool that helps it succeed by guiding it to focus on the investors most likely to invest and generate the desired impacts, engage in the most suitable activities to cater to investors along the investment lifecycle, and make the best use of its resources, capabilities, and partnerships. This note serves as a guide to IPAs and policy makers in the development, adoption, and implementation of IPA strategies, drawing on World Bank Group experience and examples of good practices around the world. It presents the essential elements of an investment promotion strategy and the critical steps for its development and implementation
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: IDA ; International Development Association ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Window ; PSW
    Abstract: Attracting private capital and developing the private sector in low-income countries are challenging. The challenges involved in mobilizing private capital and developing the private sector in many IDA countries, especially those that are fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS), are substantial (World Bank 2016). In many of these countries, the domestic private sector is small, informal, and constrained by a weak macroeconomic and regulatory environment, infrastructure bottlenecks, and a limited skilled labor force. High country risks and capital flight concerns make domestic and international investors reluctant to engage, particularly in FCS, which also experience security risks. As a result, IDA countries' ability to attract private investment and grow the local private sector remains limited. The assessment will update a previous IEG evaluation of the Private Sector Window (PSW) and complement a concurrent paper by the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA). This focused assessment (the PSW evaluation update) responds to a request by the Committee on Development Effectiveness and World Bank Group management for IEG to prepare an update to The World Bank Group's Experience with the IDA Private Sector Window: An Early-Stage Assessment (World Bank 2021), which was completed by IEG in July 2021 and covered the PSW implementation experience under the 18th Replenishment of IDA (IDA18) for fiscal years 2018-20. The PSW evaluation update will add IDA19 and early IDA20 PSW projects. Concurrently, IDA, IFC, and MIGA are jointly preparing a paper on the PSW as an input to the IDA20 Mid-Term Review, focused on implementation progress and early results of the PSW (the IDA PSW paper). The IEG and IDA-IFC-MIGA teams working on the two assessments have agreed to conduct complementary analyses to inform the Mid-Term Review
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  • 52
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Davies, Elwyn Training Microentrepreneurs over Zoom: Experimental Evidence from Mexico
    Keywords: Adult Remote Learning ; Business Training ; Digital Delivery ; Educational Sciences ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector Development ; Remote Skill Training Effectiveness ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Standard in-person business training programs are costly and difficult to scale to the millions of microenterprises in the developing world. The authors conducted an experiment to test the feasibility, cost-savings, and impact of delivering live training sessions over Zoom to microentrepreneurs in Mexico and Guatemala. This paper demonstrates that it is now feasible to recruit and train self-employed women online, covering a wide geographic area, with few technology issues. However, the cost savings over in-person classes are less than expected. Training improved business practices and performance over two months, but the impacts had dissipated within six months
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Englander, Gabriel The Value of Information in a Congested Fishery
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Fishery Congestion ; Fishery Profits ; Fishing Data ; Fishing Efficiency ; Fishing Industry ; Industry ; Peruvian Anchoveta ; Private Sector Development ; Value of Information
    Abstract: Congestion can reduce the value of a fishery, resulting in a lower total catch for the same amount of labor, fuel, and equipment expended in fishing activities. Absent the congestion externality, better information about the location and size of fish stocks enables fishers to make more efficient decisions. However, more precise information can cause fishers to converge on the same location or increase fishing at the same time. The cost of the resulting increased congestion can outweigh the direct benefit of better information. This paper identifies the circumstances where an increase in the precision of public and/or private information (about stock size or location) lowers industry profits. Using high-resolution data from Peru's anchoveta fishery, the world's largest by catch volume, the research reveals that despite considerable congestion, more precise private information would increase expected profits. On the other hand, the profit impact of more precise public information is positive but significantly smaller. This difference reflects the fact that public information increases congestion to a much greater extent, compared to private information. The policy implications are that improving private information about fish stocks-for example through firms investing in forecasting and decision-making technology-could increase industry profits. But anchoveta fishers would not necessarily benefit from more precise public information. As fishery managers control the accessibility and disclosure of information, decisions to make private information public, such as publishing near real-time catch data, could potentially lower fisher profits
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2162
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Commercial Sectors ; Domestic Private Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Growth ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Investment ; Social Sectors
    Abstract: In March 2023, the Second Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA2) identified USD 411 billion worth of investments required for Ukraine's reconstruction. The World Bank Group's new report "Private Sector Opportunities for a Green and Resilient Reconstruction in Ukraine", developed in cooperation with Ukraine's government, assesses the potential for private financing to meet these needs under both a status quo scenario and a scenario with reforms and other sectoral interventions
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cortina, Juan J The Internationalization of China's Equity Markets
    Keywords: Emerging Markets ; Equity Financing ; Equity Issuance Activity ; Equity Market Liberalization ; Firm Investment ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Foreign Investors ; International Economics and Trade ; International Investors ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Stock Connect
    Abstract: The internationalization of China's equity markets started in the early 2000s but accelerated after 2012, when Chinese firms' shares listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen gradually became available to international investors. This paper documents the effects of the post-2012 internationalization events by comparing the evolution of equity financing and investment activities for (i) domestic listed firms relative to firms that already had access to international investors and (ii) domestic listed firms that were directly connected to international markets relative to those that were not. The paper shows significant increases in financial and investment activities for domestic listed firms and connected firms, with sizable aggregate effects. The evidence also suggests that the rise in firms' equity issuances was primarily and initially financed by domestic investors. Foreign ownership of Chinese firms increased once the locally issued shares became part of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Emerging Markets Index in 2018
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dato, Prudence Who should Drive Green Technology Transitions in Developing Countries: State-Owned Enterprises versus Private Firms
    Keywords: Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Emissions Policy ; Emissions Tax ; Environment ; Environmental Economics ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Green Technology ; Green Technology Research ; Imperfect Competition ; Innovation ; Local Adaptation ; Private Sector Development ; Public Firms ; State-Owned Enterprises
    Abstract: Green technologies, such as renewable energy, often require adaptation to local conditions, such as high humidity, high altitudes or the specifics of a country's infrastructure, to achieve a maximal technical efficiency and a long lifetime of investments. This poses a problem for green technology transitions, as adaptations usually imply protected intellectual property rights and thus market imperfections that can lead to higher prices and thereby a lower uptake of the green technology. An alternative could be to use state-owned enterprises to adapt and promote green technologies, such as public utilities, which are more easily steered toward pursuing societal objectives. However, many empirical studies find state-owned enterprises to be less efficient. This theoretical contribution investigates the question whether a green technology transition that requires research and development is better driven by private firms or state-owned enterprises. The paper adapts a model to this setting, derives possible market outcomes from this model, investigates research and development and production decisions of private firms and a state-owned enterprise, and compares the welfare implications of the two options. The results show that there are cases where the cost inefficiency of the state-owned enterprise dominates (for example, if competition of directly importing firms reduces possible markups of private innovating firms), but also cases where a state-owned enterprise is the preferred choice (for example, if several private firms would adapt the technology, causing over-innovation). Most importantly, this is not solely a question of comparing costs, but rather of comparing market outcomes. For example, the use of a state-owned enterprise can avoid the often found problem of overinvestment in research and development by private firms and, in many cases, a state-owned enterprise will induce a wider diffusion of the green technology
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (100 pages)
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Economic Update
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Business Dynamism ; ECA ; Economic Forecasts ; Economic Growth ; Europe and Central Asia ; Inflation ; International Development ; Private Sector Development ; Role of the State ; Russia's Invasion of Ukraine
    Abstract: Europe and Central Asia (ECA) continues to be negatively impacted by the Russian Federation's invasion of Ukraine, tighter global financial conditions, persistent inflation, and global economic fragmentation. Economic growth in the region is projected to remain weak relative to the long-term trend, delaying the convergence of living standards to those of high-income countries. Climate change is becoming a serious constraint on growth, as extreme weather events are affecting the region with increased frequency and severity. Economic growth for the emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) of the Europe and Central Asia region has been revised up to 2.4% for 2023. The pickup in growth reflects improved forecast for war-hit Ukraine and for Central Asia as well as consumer resiliency in Turkiye and better-than-expected growth in Russia because of a surge in government spending on the military and social transfers. Nevertheless, growth remains weak relative to the long-term pre-pandemic averages. Downside risks cloud the outlook for the 23 EMDEs in Europe and Central Asia. High inflation may persist amid heightened volatility in global commodity markets and a surge in energy prices. Global financial markets may become more volatile and restrictive due to tightening financing conditions. Global growth for 2020-2024 is the weakest than during any five-year period since 1990 and may weaken further
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Goicoechea, Ana Firms and Climate Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Adaptation vs Mitigation ; Burden of Climate Change ; Climate Adaptation ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Mitigation ; Enterprise Development and Reform ; Environment ; Firms and Climate Change ; Market Failure and Climate Change ; Private Sector Development ; Small and Medium Size Enterprises
    Abstract: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a disproportionate burden from climate change, potentially threatening the operations and profitability of firms. Simultaneously, firms in LMICs may contribute to climate change through the emissions associated with production. This paper synthesizes the empirical evidence on the links between climate change and firms in LMICs. It identifies three major gaps: poor geographic coverage, little discussion of how market failures interact with climate change in ways that constrain firm decisions, and an overall greater focus on policies for mitigation than adaptation
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Entrepreneurship Ecosystem ; Finance Risk ; Market Dynamism ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Public Research Sector
    Abstract: This report provides a diagnostic of Viet Nam's entrepreneurship ecosystem and details a set of targeted recommendations for improving conditions for innovative entrepreneurship in the country. The diagnostic consists of four components: 1.) An overview of the Vietnamese private sector, with a focus on market dynamism; 2.) A demand side analysis focused on the flow of ideas, skills, and technology that contribute to the pipeline of innovative startups; 3.) A supply-side assessment of public support and private risk finance throughout the firm lifecycle, and 4.) An analysis of the ecosystem framework conditions. The report finds that the overall quality and the level of public support for entrepreneurship is low; founders have challenges with key aspects of running a business, such as developing product-market fit, growth strategies, and team building; and risk capital markets are heavily dependent on foreign funds and investors and have gaps in early-stage finance. The report concludes with three policy recommendations for improving Viet Nam's entrepreneurial performance: 1.) Reorient the national flagship Program 844 on "Supporting the National Innovation Initiative to 2025" toward building a pipeline of investment-ready, innovative startups; 2.) Address regulatory barriers related to risk capital investments; and 3.) Increase the contribution of the public research sector to the innovative startup agenda
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031350511
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 298 p. 73 illus., 49 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Machine learning. ; Artificial intelligence ; Statistics . ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Overview of the Book -- Causal Inference Preliminary -- Causal Effect Estimation: Basic Methodologies -- Causal Inference on Graphs -- Causal Effect Estimation: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities -- Fair Machine Learning Through the Lens of Causality -- Causal Explainable AI -- Causal Domain Generalization -- Causal Inference and Natural Language Processing -- Causal Inference and Recommendations -- Causality Encourage the Identifiability of Instance-Dependent Label Noise -- Causal Interventional Time Series Forecasting on Multi-horizon and Multi-series Data -- Continual Causal Effect Estimation -- Summary.
    Abstract: This book provides a deep understanding of the relationship between machine learning and causal inference. It covers a broad range of topics, starting with the preliminary foundations of causal inference, which include basic definitions, illustrative examples, and assumptions. It then delves into the different types of classical causal inference methods, such as matching, weighting, tree-based models, and more. Additionally, the book explores how machine learning can be used for causal effect estimation based on representation learning and graph learning. The contribution of causal inference in creating trustworthy machine learning systems to accomplish diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, transparency and explainability, generalization and robustness, and more is also discussed. The book also provides practical applications of causal inference in various domains such as natural language processing, recommender systems, computer vision, time series forecasting, and continual learning. Each chapter of the book is written by leading researchers in their respective fields. Machine Learning for Causal Inference explores the challenges associated with the relationship between machine learning and causal inference, such as biased estimates of causal effects, untrustworthy models, and complicated applications in other artificial intelligence domains. However, it also presents potential solutions to these issues. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, teachers, practitioners, and students interested in these fields. It provides insights into how combining machine learning and causal inference can improve the system's capability to accomplish causal artificial intelligence based on data. The book showcases promising research directions and emphasizes the importance of understanding the causal relationship to construct different machine-learning models from data.
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9783031441721
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 177 p. 63 illus., 60 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Wireless Networks
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Wireless communication systems. ; Mobile communication systems. ; Computer networks . ; Computer Networks.
    Abstract: 1 Fundamentals of IRS -- 2 A Framework General Design for IRS-aided WPT -- 3 IRS-Aided SWIPT -- 4 IRS-aided WPCN -- 5 Emerging Topics.
    Abstract: This book provides comprehensive insights into the theory, models, and unique characteristics of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and its appealing applications in wireless information and power transmission for B5G/6G. It is organized as follows: Chapter 1 gives an overview of the fundamentals of IRS, including the signal and channel models of IRS, its hardware architecture, advantages and practical constraints. Chapter 2, 3 and 4 focus on how to optimize the joint design of active and passive beamforming for three types of IRS-aided wireless information/energy transmission systems, namely IRS-aided power transfer (WPT), IRS-aided simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and IRS-aided wireless powered communication networks (WPCN). Chapter 2 specifically presents a general framework design for IRS-aided WPT systems from the perspectives of energy beamforming design and channel estimation, while the dynamic IRS beamforming design is also discussed. Chapter 3 thoroughly studies the IRS-aided SWIPT for achieving better R-E trade-off, wherein two different designs based on weighted sum-power maximization at energy users (EUs) and under individual quality-of-service (QoS), requirements at both information users (IUs) and EUs are investigated. Chapter 4 presents three paradigms of IRS-aided WPCN, i.e., IRS-aided half-duplex (HD) WPCN, IRS-aided full-duplex (FD) WCPN and IRS-aided multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) FD WPCN. The authors present some related emerging topics, e.g., active IRS aided wireless communications and IRS-aided unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications in chapter 5. This book targets postgraduate students studying electrical engineering and computer science, and can be used as a secondary textbook. Professionals, researchers and engineers working in wireless networks will also find this book useful as a reference.
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031313608
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 547 p. 229 illus., 198 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Intelligent Systems Reference Library 241
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Digital humanities. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: ew Media Arts – the Thinking Space for Digitality -- Pick my brain: Thoughts on anatomical representations of the human inner body from renaissance, baroque paintings, and book illustrations of the Modern Age to current medical imaging visualizations -- A Framework of Networked Art as a Diagram that is an Image as a Map that is a Plan and that is a Space as a Territory. .
    Abstract: This book of 21 chapters shares endeavors associated to the human trait of creative expression within, across, and between digital media in wide-ranging contexts making the contents perfect as a course study book uptake within related educations. Globally located chapter authors share their comprehensive artisan perspectives from works associated with regional cultures, diversities of interpretations, and widespread scopes of meanings. Contents illustrate contemporary works reflecting thought-provoking comprehensions, functions, and purposes, posit as contributing toward shifting of boundaries within the field. Original to this approach is the reflective offerings on creating digitally beyond typical psychological analysis/rapportage. The book's general scope and key uses are thus to contribute to scholarly discussions toward informing future projects by having an intended wide readership including from within educations, to artisans, and wider interested public. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031101359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(186 illus., 56 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Cognitive science. ; Neural networks (Computer science). ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Abstract: Philosophy and Abduction -- Theoretical and Cognitive Issues on Abduction and Scientific Inference -- The Logic of Hypothetical Reasoning, Abduction, and Models -- Abduction and Diagnosis -- Abduction in Mathematics -- Diagrams, Visual models, and Abduction -- Abduction in Cognitive Science and Neuroscience -- Abduction and Computation -- Abduction and Economics -- Abduction in Education and Human Sciences -- Abduction, Ignorance, and Creativity -- Abduction and Technological Design -- Adversarial Abduction (or Abduction and Adversariality).
    Abstract: This Handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of abductive cognition, providing readers with extensive information on the process of reasoning to hypotheses in humans, animals, and in computational machines. It highlights the role of abduction in both theory practice: in generating and testing hypotheses and explanatory functions for various purposes and as an educational device. It merges logical, cognitive, epistemological and philosophical perspectives with more practical needs relating to the application of abduction across various disciplines and practices, such as in diagnosis, creative reasoning, scientific discovery, diagrammatic and ignorance-based cognition, and adversarial strategies. It also discusses the inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity, including the process of development, implementation and manipulation for different scientific and technological purposes. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, logic, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive, and computer science, as well as life sciences, engineering, architecture, and economics, the Handbook of Abductive Cognition offers a unique reference guide for readers approaching the process of reasoning to hypotheses from different perspectives and for various theoretical and practical purposes. Numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations are included to promote a better understanding of the relevant concepts and to make concepts highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds.
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9783031152269
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXXI, 619 p. 336 illus., 309 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 530
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: This book includes recent research on climbing and walking robots. CLAWAR 2022 is the twenty-fifth International Conference Series on Climbing and Walking Robots and Mobile Machine Support Technologies. The conference is organized by CLAWAR Association in collaboration with the University of the Azores, S. Miguel, Portugal, during September 12-14, 2022. CLAWAR 2022 provides an updated state of the art on robotics and its use in a diversity of applications and/or simulation scenarios, within the framework “Robotics in Natural Settings”. The topics covered include Bio-Inspired Robotics, Biped Locomotion, Educational Robotics, Human-Machine/Human-Robot Interaction, Innovative Actuators, Inspection, Legged Locomotion, Modeling and Simulation of CLAWAR, Outdoor and Field Robotics, Planning and Control, Wearable Devices and Assistive Robotics, and the Use of A.I. in Robotics. The intended readership includes participants of CLAWAR 2022 conference, international robotic researchers, scientists, and professors of related topics worldwide, and professors and students of postgraduate courses in Robotics and Automation, Control Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Mechatronics.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031160783
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 873 p. 385 illus., 281 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 543
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This book is a remarkable collection of chapters covering a wide domain of topics related to artificial intelligence and its applications to the real world. The conference attracted a total of 494 submissions from many academic pioneering researchers, scientists, industrial engineers, and students from all around the world. These submissions underwent a double-blind peer-reviewed process. Of the total submissions, 176 submissions have been selected to be included in these proceedings. It is difficult to imagine how artificial intelligence has become an inseparable part of our life. From mobile phones, smart watches, washing machines to smart homes, smart cars, and smart industries, artificial intelligence has helped to revolutionize the whole globe. As we witness exponential growth of computational intelligence in several directions and use of intelligent systems in everyday applications, this book is an ideal resource for reporting latest innovations and future of AI. Distinguished researchers have made valuable studies to understand the various bottlenecks existing in different arenas and how they can be overcome with the use of intelligent systems. This book also provides new directions and dimensions of future research work. We hope that readers find the volume interesting and valuable.
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9783031082467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 457 p. 182 illus., 130 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Intelligent Systems Reference Library 226
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This book presents different techniques and methodologies used to improve the intelligent decision-making process and increase the likelihood of success in companies of different sectors such as Financial Services, Education, Supply Chain, Energy Systems, Health Services, and others. The book contains and consolidates innovative and high-quality research contributions regarding the implementation of techniques and methodologies applied in different sectors. The scope is to disseminate current trends knowledge in the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques and methodologies in different fields such as: Logistics, Software Development, Big Data, Internet of Things, Simulation, among others. The book contents are useful for Ph.D. researchers, Ph.D. students, master and undergraduate students of different areas such as Industrial Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems, Data Analytics, and others.
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  • 67
    ISBN: 9783031160387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 366 p. 155 illus., 111 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 500
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book is of interest to practitioners, researchers and graduate students seeking to apply existing techniques, to learn about the state of the art, or to explore novel concepts, in the theory and application of fuzzy sets and logic. Human knowledge and judgement are essential in both designing technological systems and in evaluating their outcomes. However, humans think and communicate in imprecise concepts, not numbers. Fuzzy sets and logic are well-known, widely used approaches to bridging this gap, which have been studied for nearly 60 years. NAFIPS 2022 brought together researchers studying both the theoretical foundations of fuzzy logic and its application to real-world problems. Their work examined fuzzy solutions to problems as diverse as astronomy, chemical engineering, economics, energy engineering, health care, and transportation engineering. Many papers combined fuzzy logic with interval or probabilistic computing, neural networks, and genetic algorithms.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9783031111549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 231 p. 66 illus., 53 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Intelligent Systems Reference Library 228
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Biomedical engineering. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Medical informatics.
    Abstract: An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare -- Radiomics: Approach to Precision Medicine -- Artificial Intelligence Based Strategies for Data-Driven Radial MRI. .
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have transformed many standard and conventional methods in undertaking health and well-being issues of humans. AL/ML-based systems and tools play a critical role in this digital and big data era to address a variety of medical and healthcare problems, improving treatments and quality of care for patients. This edition on AI and ML for healthcare consists of two volumes. The first presents selected AI and ML studies on medical imaging and healthcare data analytics, while the second unveils emerging methodologies and trends in AI and ML for delivering better medical treatments and healthcare services in the future. In this first volume, progresses in AI and ML technologies for medical image, video, and signal processing as well as health information and data analytics are presented. These selected studies offer readers theoretical and practical knowledge and ideas pertaining to recent advances in AI and ML for effective and efficient image and data analytics, leading to state-of-the-art AI and ML technologies for advancing the healthcare sector.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9783031098352
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 419 p. 115 illus., 72 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1054
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: A Brief Tutorial on Optimization Problems, Optimization Algorithms, Meta-heuristics, and Swarm Intelligence -- Introductory Review of Swarm Intelligence Techniques -- Swarm Intelligence for Deep Learning: Concepts, Challenges and Recent Trends -- Advances on Particle Swarm Optimization in Solving Discrete Optimization Problems -- Performance Analysis of Hybrid Memory Based Dragonfly Algorithm in Engineering Problems.
    Abstract: Swarm Intelligence (SI) has grown significantly, both from the perspective of algorithmic development and applications covering almost all disciplines science and technology. This book emphasizes the studies of existing SI techniques, their variants and applications. The book also contains reviews of new developments in SI techniques and hybridizations. Algorithm specific studies covering basic introduction and analysis of key components of these algorithms, such as convergence, balance of solution accuracy, computational costs, tuning and control of parameters. Application specific studies incorporating the ways of designing objective functions, solution representation and constraint handling. The book also includes studies on application domain specific adaptations in the SI techniques. The book will be beneficial for academicians and researchers from various disciplines of engineering and science working in applications of SI and other optimization problems. .
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031184581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 865 p. 407 illus., 339 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 560
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: The seventh Future Technologies Conference 2022 was organized in a hybrid mode. It received a total of 511 submissions from learned scholars, academicians, engineers, scientists and students across many countries. The papers included the wide arena of studies like Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Vision, Ambient Intelligence and Security and their jaw- breaking application to the real world. After a double-blind peer review process 177 submissions have been selected to be included in these proceedings. One of the prominent contributions of this conference is the confluence of distinguished researchers who not only enthralled us by their priceless studies but also paved way for future area of research. The papers provide amicable solutions to many vexing problems across diverse fields. They also are a window to the future world which is completely governed by technology and its multiple applications. We hope that the readers find this volume interesting and inspiring and render their enthusiastic support towards it.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9783031176975
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 787 p. 452 illus., 397 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 539
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This book presents a collection of articles on the advanced and interdisciplinary application of innovative technologies. Scientific investigations and results of the conference 13th Days of Bosnian-Herzegovinian American Academy of Art and Sciences held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, June 23-26, 2022, are presented in this book. The up-to-date advances in various fields of engineering have been presented through numerous papers spanning the disciplines of civil engineering, mechanical engineering, advanced electrical power systems, computer modeling and simulations for engineering applications, computer science and artificial intelligence, geodesy and geoinformation, data science and geographic information systems and information and communication technologies. The editors would like to extend special gratitude to all the chairs of the planned symposia of the 13th Days of BHAAAS for their dedicated work in the production of this book.
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9783031168659
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 770 p. 162 illus., 101 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 550
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book sheds light on the fundamental and innovative topics in information systems and their societal impact on individuals and organizations. It mainly focuses on the role of artificial intelligence in organizations, human-computer interaction, IS in education and industry, and IS security, privacy, and trust. The outcomes are expected to assist the decision-makers in formulating the required policies and procedures for using cutting-edge technologies.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9783031203220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 314 p. 139 illus., 94 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 576
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Software engineering.
    Abstract: This book contains the proceedings of the CIMPS Conference held on October 19-21, 2022, Hipócrates University, Acapulco de Juárez, Guerrero, México, that is dedicated to Software Engineering, in particular, software processes improvement, computer security and communication technology, artificial intelligence and data analysis (big data) with a focus on innovation and/or entrepreneurship, bringing together the academic sectors, governmental and industrial that promote the comprehensive development of a culture of research, innovation and competitiveness of organizations dedicated to and/or that make use of Information and Communication Telecommunications. This book presents software engineering with impact in a combination of different fields: Organizational Models, Standards and Methodologies, Knowledge Management, Software Systems, Applications and Tools, Information and Communication Technologies, Information security, Artificial intelligence, Data Analysis. It is used in different domains in which a broad scope of audience is interested in: • Software engineers • Analyst • Project management • Consultant • Professors in academia • Students • Corporate heads of firms • Senior general managers • Managing directors • Board directors • Academics and researchers in the field both in universities and business schools • Information technology directors and managers • Quality managers and directors • Libraries and information centres serving the needs of the above This book contents are also useful for Ph.D. students, master’s and undergraduate students of IT-related degrees such as Computer Science, Information Systems. .
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031146053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 268 p. 23 illus., 20 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 523
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: A provincial indicator to describe potential Artificial Intelligence -- Transitions, Harmony and the Mediterranean: the Case of the Harmonic Innovation Hub -- Sustainability in manufacturing. From a model of transition to the transition of the model -- An International Classification of Volunteers Using Artificial Intel-ligence Methods -- A multicriteria approach to the market of electric/hybrid vehicles using TOPSIS method -- Sustainable technologies in urban and architectural renovation of public residential estates -- The contemporaneity of the smart city -- Towards harmonious and sustainable cities.
    Abstract: This book aims to deal with the main advances in the study of artificial intelligence, the digital and circular economy and innovation from a multidisciplinary perspective. Whoever governs the artificial intelligence will hold the keys to the world and the future. This consideration explains the growing role of artificial intelligence in our lives and the need to understand its mechanisms. This book presents original research articles addressing various aspects of artificial intelligence applied to economics, law, management, and optimization. The topics discussed include, economics, territorial policies, law, resource allocation strategies, information technology, and learning for inclusion. Combining the input of contributing professors and researchers from Italian and other foreign universities, the book is of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners, as well as members of the public in general, interested in the world of the artificial intelligence and economics. .
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031115936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 281 p. 107 illus., 83 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Intelligent Systems Reference Library 230
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: Living beyond data with Feature Concepts -- Innovation for the Real-World through Knowing Why -- Why Abductive Cognition Goes Beyond Just Learning from Data. .
    Abstract: This book states that data users often suffer from the difficulty of acquiring knowledge for decision-making, and others are unsure how existing data are useful. The reader will be released from these dilemmas and enabled to act beyond patterns in past events by creating a process to interact with the data market and the dynamic real-world rich in new events. We present new approaches from the aspects of computation, communication, and their integration, to readers including analysts in sciences and businesses, systems managers, and learners desiring to design knowledge to learn. We show clues to explaining causalities in the target world of a black-box AI of which users may seek a predictive performance. For obtaining interpretable knowledge, we show the integration of model- and data-driven approaches, the analysis and perception of signals from data acquired in the cyber or the real word, and creative communication which connects demands to data by visualizing the data market as a place for innovations.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031164859
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 208 p. 56 illus., 36 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1067
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Why do companies become similar, but performance is different?: Understanding of Corporate isomorphism through Self-determination -- A Study on the Customer Experience Management (CEM) by Applying Walk-through Audit (WtA); Focused on Hospitality Service Cases -- A Study on the Factors of Positive Psychological Capital on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: For Teachers of Infant Welfare Service Institutions -- The Effect of Self-Determination and Quality of VR-based Education in the Metaverse on Learner Satisfaction -- A Study on Industrial Artificial Intelligence-Based Edge Analysis for Machining Facilities -- AI Recruitment System Using EEG to Explore the Truth of Interviewers -- Development of ESG Evaluation Indicators from a Policy Perspective - Focusing on the Legislature -- A Study on the Analysis of Related Keywords on the Per-ception of Untact Coding Education in the post-COVID era Using Big data Analysis -- Relationship between Narcissism, Self-esteem and youth consumption Behavior -- The Effect of Transformational Leadership on the Volun-teer Members’ Organizational Commitment in Non-profit Organizations: The Moderating Effect of Motives on Volunteering -- Analysis on the Life Cycle of Soundtrack Content in K-pop - Data-driven on music platforms -- Method of Selecting the Optimal Location of Barrier-Free Bus Stops Using Clustering -- Common adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with type 2 diabetes -- Examining Participant's Perception of SPICE Factors of Metaverse MICE and Its Impact on Participant's Loyalty and Behavioral Intentions -- Kidult Marketing Reflecting the Characteristics of MZ Generation.
    Abstract: This edited book presents scientific results of the 1st ACIS International Symposium on Emotional Artificial Intelligence & Metaverse (EAIM) which was held on August 4-6, 2022, in Danang, Vietnam. The aim of this symposium was to bring together researchers and scientists, businessmen and entrepreneurs, teachers, engineers, computer users, and students to discuss the numerous fields of computer science and to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and information in a meaningful way. All aspects (theory, applications, and tools) of emotional artificial intelligence and metaverse, the practical challenges encountered along the way, and the solutions adopted to solve them are all explored here in the results of the articles featured in this book. The symposium organizers selected the best papers from those papers accepted for presentation at the symposium. The papers were chosen based on review scores submitted by members of the program committee and underwent further rigorous rounds of review. From this second round of review, 15 of the symposium’s most promising papers are then published in this Springer (SCI) book and not the symposium proceedings. We impatiently await the important contributions that we know these authors will bring to the field of emotional artificial intelligence and metaverse.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031137020
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 153 p. 57 illus., 44 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1000
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Food science. ; Engineering
    Abstract: Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Food Industry: AI-based Automatic Pruning of Dormant Apple Trees -- Wheat Leaf-Disease Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques for Sustainable Food Quality -- Explainable AI and Slime Mould Algorithm for Classification of Pistachio Species -- A Support Vector Machine Model for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Leaf Diseases Based on Particle Swarm Optimization -- CNN in Agriculture and Food Industry: Current Practices and Future Trends -- Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the Food Industry -- Transfer learning-based models for Arabica coffee leaf disease classification -- Potential of IoT for Water Monitoring to Upgrade Food Quality -- .
    Abstract: This book emphasizes the latest developments and achievements in AI and related technologies with a special focus on food quality. The book describes the applications, and conceptualization of ideas, and critical surveys covering most aspects of AI for food quality.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9783031173936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 157 p. 95 illus., 91 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing 421
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Control engineering. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: An Introduction to Fuzzy and Fuzzy Control Systems -- Chapter 2: Classification of Adaptive Fuzzy Controllers -- Chapter 3: Type-2 Fuzzy Systems -- Chapter 4: Training Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems Based on Error Backpropagation.
    Abstract: This book explains the basic concepts, theory and applications of fuzzy systems in control in a simple unified approach with clear ex-amples and simulations in the MATLAB programming language. Fuzzy systems, especially, type-2 neuro-fuzzy systems, are now used extensively in various engineering fields for different purposes. In plain language, this book aims to practically explain fuzzy sys-tems and different methods of training and optimizing these systems. For this purpose, type-2 neuro-fuzzy systems are first analyzed along with various methods of training and optimizing these systems through implementation in MATLAB. These systems are then em-ployed to design adaptive fuzzy controllers. The authors aim at pre-senting all the well-known optimization methods clearly and code them in the MATLAB language.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9783031177460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 749 p. 62 illus., 45 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 557
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Business information services. ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book shows latest research on the role Artificial inelegance in enabling IoT to evoke IoI, and how IoI flourish inside technologies like social media platforms, social networks: communities of practice/interest, to assure a globally sustainable unit where humans integrate with machines to collaboratively share ideas and solve complex problems. Such a book holds several benefits. It will reveal theoretical practical, and managerial implications through discussions that will embrace a wide array of technologies focused on the role of AI enabled IoT to evoke IoI. EAMMIS 2022 was organized by the Bridges Foundation in cooperation with Coventry University, UK on the 10th and 11th of June 2022. EAMMIS 2022 theme was From the Internet of Things to the Internet of Ideas: The role of Artificial Intelligence. The papers presented at the conference provide a holistic view of AI and its applications, IOT and the IOI which will help societies to better use and benefit from AI, IOT and IOI to develop future strategies and actions. .
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9783031210655
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 601 p. 335 illus., 326 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 589
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: This book contains a selection of papers accepted for presentation and discussion at ROBOT 2022—Fifth Iberian Robotics Conference, held in Zaragoza, Spain, on November 23-25, 2022. ROBOT 2022 is part of a series of conferences that are a joint organization of SEIDROB—Sociedad Española para la Investigación y Desarrollo en Robótica/Spanish Society for Research and Development in Robotics, and SPR—Sociedade Portuguesa de Robótica/Portuguese Society for Robotic. ROBOT 2022 builds upon several previous successful events, including three biennial workshops and the four previous editions of the Iberian Robotics Conference, and is focused on presenting the research and development of new applications, on the field of Robotics, in the Iberian Peninsula, although open to research and delegates from other countries. ROBOT 2022 featured four plenary talks on state-of-the-art subjects on robotics and 15 special sessions, plus a main/general robotics track. In total, after a careful review process, 98 high-quality papers were selected for publication, with a total of 219 unique authors, from 22 countries.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9783031205453
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 94 p. 50 illus., 21 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services 13
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Microeconomics. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Introduction to Engineering Applications of Social Welfare -- Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks – Energy Welfare -- Ambulance Dispatching – Preparedness Welfare -- Group Decision Making in Intelligent Shared Environments – Preference Welfare -- Task Allocation in Multi-Robot Systems – Resource Welfare -- Resource Sharing in Cyber-Physical Systems – Utility Welfare -- Conclusion, Limitations, and Research Opportunities.
    Abstract: This book presents social welfare functions as a unified multidisciplinary framework for various resource allocation problems. By measuring the impact of local decisions on broader society, social welfare functions enable “socialized” decisions and thereby produce an emergent property that “global” balance and welfare emerge from “local” welfare-maximizing behaviors. Social welfare functions are originally used in economics to quantify income welfare, jointly considering average and inequality to arrive at better measures of welfare than average alone. Wishing the readers to find opportunities for their problems of interest, this book introduces research results of social welfare functions applied in five different engineering applications, defining welfare metrics pertaining to the characteristics of the application. The “energy welfare” in wireless sensor network measures richness of distributed sensors in energy. The “preparedness welfare” in emergency medical services quantifies the preparedness level of an entire service area by aggregating preparedness levels of individual zones. The “preference welfare” in intelligent shared environments represents the opinions of real people for groups. The “resource welfare” in multi-robot task allocation quantifies the efficiency of utilizing distributed resources across robots. The “utility welfare” in complex cyber-physical systems quantifies the impact of local resource sharing decisions on the broader task communities.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9783031206177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 198 p. 45 illus., 29 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 580
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Blended Learning in the Foundational Design Studio -- Supporting the Semi-Automatic Feedback Provisioning on Programming Assignments -- A Case Study on Students' Opinions about Adaptive and Classical Tests -- A New Metric to help Teachers Unveil Meaningful Learning in Concept Maps -- Mini-games to motivate and engage users in learning recycling rules -- Effects of VR on Learning Experience and Success -- Educational Code-Review Tool: A First Glimpse -- Automatic Educational Concept Extraction Using NLP -- Design and Computational Thinking with IoTgo: What Teachers Think -- Serious Games for Autism based on Immersive Virtual Reality: a Lens on Methodological and Technological Challenges.
    Abstract: The 12th International Conference in Methodologies and Intelligent Systems for Technology Enhanced Learning was hosted by the University of L'Aquila and was held in L'Aquila (Italy) from July 13 to 15, 2022. The conference has established itself as a consolidated fertile forum where scholars and professionals from the international community, with a broad range of expertise in the TEL field, share results and compare experiences Technologies in TEL are capable of delivering smart, personalized, tailored, and motivating learning solutions. Methods are coming from different fields, such as education, psychology, medicine, computer science, and from diverse communities, where collaboration and co-working are used.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9783031205699
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 116 p. 26 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1041
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: Motivation and Outline -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Plan -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: First Step – Finite Set of Possible Outcomes -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Second Step – Pairs of Compatible Outcomes -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Third Step – Subsets of Compatible Outcomes -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Fourth Step – Conditional Statements about Possible Outcomes -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Fifth Step – Disjunctive Conditional Statements about the Possible Outcomes -- A General Description of Measuring Devices: Summary -- Physical Quantities: A General Description -- Properties of Physical Quantities -- Future Work.
    Abstract: This book is about methodological aspects of uncertainty propagation in data processing. Uncertainty propagation is an important problem: while computer algorithms efficiently process data related to many aspects of their lives, most of these algorithms implicitly assume that the numbers they process are exact. In reality, these numbers come from measurements, and measurements are never 100% exact. Because of this, it makes no sense to translate 61 kg into pounds and get the result—as computers do—with 13 digit accuracy. In many cases—e.g., in celestial mechanics—the state of a system can be described by a few numbers: the values of the corresponding physical quantities. In such cases, for each of these quantities, we know (at least) the upper bound on the measurement error. This bound is either provided by the manufacturer of the measuring instrument—or is estimated by the user who calibrates this instrument. However, in many other cases, the description of the system is more complex than a few numbers: we need a function to describe a physical field (e.g., electromagnetic field); we need a vector in Hilbert space to describe a quantum state; we need a pseudo-Riemannian space to describe the physical space-time, etc. To describe and process uncertainty in all such cases, this book proposes a general methodology—a methodology that includes intervals as a particular case. The book is recommended to students and researchers interested in challenging aspects of uncertainty analysis and to practitioners who need to handle uncertainty in such unusual situations.
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  • 84
    ISBN: 9783031168321
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 209 p. 96 illus., 70 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1069
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: Empirical Comparison of Heuristic Optimisation Methods for Automated Car Setup -- Metaheuristic algorithms in IoT: Optimized Edge Node Localization -- Jaya algorithm versus differential evolution: a comparative case study on optic disc localization in eye fundus images -- Minimum transmission power control for the Internet of Things with swarm intelligence algorithms -- An Enhanced Gradient Based Optimized Controller for Load Frequency Control of a Two Area Automatic Generation Control System -- A meta-heuristic algorithm based on the happiness model -- Application of Metaheuristic Techniques for Enhancing the Financial Profitability of Wind Power Generation Systems -- Optimization of Demand Response -- Fitting curves of ruminal degradation using a metaheuristic approach -- Optimizing a Real Case Assembly Line Balancing Problem Using Various Techniques -- Multi-Circle Detection Using Multimodal Optimization.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of various methodologies that make it possible for metaheuristics and hyper-heuristics to solve problems that occur in the real world. This book contains chapters that make use of metaheuristics techniques. The application fields range from image processing to transmission power control, and case studies and literature reviews are included to assist the reader. Furthermore, some chapters present cutting-edge methods for load frequency control and IoT implementations. In this sense, the book offers both theoretical and practical contents in the form of metaheuristic algorithms. The researchers used several stochastic optimization methods in this book, including evolutionary algorithms and Swarm-based algorithms. The chapters were written from a scientific standpoint. As a result, the book is primarily aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students of Science, Engineering, and Computational Mathematics, but it can also be used in courses on Artificial Intelligence, among other things. Similarly, the material may be beneficial to research in evolutionary computation and artificial intelligence communities.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9783031179600
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 410 p. 145 illus., 117 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Technology—Sociological aspects. ; Computational intelligence. ; Technological innovations. ; Entrepreneurship. ; New business enterprises. ; Information technology. ; Technology
    Abstract: Introduction -- Competitive Analysis of a Potential Digital Workplace Solution for Business Management and Employee Engagement -- The Impact of Chabot’s on Business Strategy -- Technology Entrepreneurship and Innovation -- Applications of Blockchain in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- The perceived value of Internship experience of Entrepreneurship graduates on Entrepreneurial intention -- Design of the Business Model of the Online Platform In Charge -- The digital transformation of the aerospace industry in the Community of Madrid -- Disruptive technologies and businesses -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book presents the most recent innovations, trends, and challenges in several aspects of Industry 4.0, including the key technologies and business impacts. The book is relevant to a variety of stakeholders due to Industry 4.0’s broad impact in many fields. Topics include digital workplace solutions for employee engagement, entrepreneurship and innovation, and Blockchain for business security. The authors cover Industry 4.0 both from a theoretical and applicable standpoint. Describes Industry 4.0 and its effect on technology, entrepreneurship, and innovation; Presents Industry 4.0’s technological advances, trends, challenges, and their impact on business strategy; Includes information relevant to researchers, professors, students, and professionals interested Industry 4.0.
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  • 86
    ISBN: 9783031107887
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 673 p. 329 illus., 320 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Automation, Collaboration, & E-Services 12
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Don’t Stand so Close to Me: Acceptance of delegating intimate health care tasks to assistive robots -- Designing a Voice Intelligent Agent: A Review and Appraisal -- Job crafting & re-design in a rapidly changing world of work: A bibliometric analysis & review -- Resilience Engineering and Safe Work Method Statements in Construction Projects -- Agent Transparency for Human-Autonomy Teaming -- Cuteness Engineering and UX Design -- Small screen-large information challenge for older adults: navigating through big pictures and menus of mobile phones.
    Abstract: This book provides practical guidance and awareness for a growing body of knowledge developing across a variety of disciplines. This initiative is a celebration of the Gavriel Salvendy International Symposium (GSIS) and provides a survey of topics and emerging areas of interest in human–automation interaction. This set of articles for the GSIS emphasizes a main thematic areas: mobile computing. Main areas of coverage include Section A: Health, Care and Assistive Technologies; Section B: Usability, User Experience and Design; Section C: Virtual Learning, Training and Collaboration; Section D: Ergonomics in Work, Automation and Production. In total, there are more than 600 pages emphasizing contributions from especially early career researchers that were featured as part of this (virtual) symposium and celebration. Gavriel Salvendy initiated the conferences that run annually as Human–Computer Interaction within LNCS of Springer and Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International (AHFE). The book is inclusive of human–computer interaction and human factors and ergonomics principles, yet is intended to serve a much wider audience that has interest in automation and human modeling. The emerging need for human–automation interaction expertise has developed from an ever-growing availability and presence of automation in our everyday lives. This initiative is intended to provide practical guidance and awareness for a growing body of knowledge developing across a variety of disciplines and many countries. .
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  • 87
    ISBN: 9783031097539
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XLI, 790 p. 351 illus., 287 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Engineering Cyber-Physical Systems and Critical Infrastructures volume 1
    Series Statement: Engineering cyber-physical systems and critical infrastructures
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book brings together the most recent, quality research papers accepted and presented in the 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics in Engineering (ICAIAME 2021) held in Antalya, Turkey between 1-3 October 2021. Objective of the content is to provide important and innovative research for developments-improvements within different engineering fields, which are highly interested in using artificial intelligence and applied mathematics. As a collection of the outputs from the ICAIAME 2021, the book is specifically considering research outcomes including advanced use of machine learning and careful problem designs on human-centred aspects. In this context, it aims to provide recent applications for real-world improvements making life easier and more sustainable for especially humans. The book targets the researchers, degree students, and practitioners from both academia and the industry.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9783031214356
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 855 p. 417 illus., 315 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 596
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Software engineering.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest research on software engineering application in informatics. The fields of software engineering, informatics, computer science, and artificial intelligence are critical for study in the intelligent systems issue space. This is the first part of the refereed proceedings of the 6th Computational Methods in Systems and Software 2022 (CoMeSySo 2022). The CoMeSySo 2022 conference, which is being hosted online, is breaking down barriers. CoMeSySo 2021 aims to provide a worldwide venue for debate of the most recent high-quality research findings.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9783031223563
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 260 p. 75 illus., 65 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 603
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: This book presents the latest research on Ambient Intelligence including software and applications. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) is a paradigm emerging from Artificial Intelligence, where computers are used as proactive tools assisting people with their day-to-day activities, making everyone’s life more comfortable. The inclusion of computational power and communication technologies in everyday objects is growing, and their embedding into our environments should be as invisible as possible. In order for AmI to be successful, human interaction with computing power and embedded systems in the surroundings should be smooth and happen without people actually noticing it. The only awareness people should have arises from AmI: more safety, comfort and wellbeing, emerging in a natural and inherent way. ISAmI is the International Symposium on Ambient Intelligence, aiming to bring together researchers from various disciplines that constitute the scientific field of AmI to present and discuss the latest results, new ideas, projects and lessons learned.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031220425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 252 p. 82 illus., 52 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1061
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: On Decision Making Applications Via Distance Measures -- On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Abstract Algebras -- Generalization of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Submodules of a Module by using Triangular Norms and Conorms and (T, S)-L Subrings -- Fuzzy Dynamic Parameter Adaptation in the Mayfly Algorithm: Implementation of fuzzy adaptation and tests on benchmark functions and Mackey Glass neural network -- Fuzzy classifier using the optimization algorithm by means of particles for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension -- A Survey of Models and Solution Methods for the Internet Shopping Optimization Problem -- A comparison between MFCC and MSE features for text-independent speaker recognition using machine learning algorithms -- Forecasting based on Fuzzy Logic of the Level of Epidemiological Risk for the Mexican State of Tamaulipas -- Bio-Inspired Flower Pollination Algorithm for the Optimization of a Monolithic Neural Network -- Rendezvous and Docking Control of Satellites Using Chaos Synchronization Method with Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control -- Optimizing a convolutional neural network with a hierarchical genetic algorithm for diabetic retinopathy detection -- Interval Type-3 Fuzzy Systems: a natural evolution from type-1 and type-2 fuzzy systems -- A comparative study between bird swarm algorithm and artificial gorilla troops optimize -- Particle Swarm Optimization of Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy Classification.
    Abstract: This book covers recent developments on fuzzy logic, neural networks and optimization algorithms, as well as their hybrid combinations. In addition, the above-mentioned methods are applied to areas such as intelligent control and robotics, pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, time series prediction and optimization of complex problems. Nowadays, the main topic of the book is highly relevant, as most current intelligent systems and devices in use utilize some form of intelligent feature to enhance their performance. In addition, on the theoretical side, new and advanced models and algorithms of type-2 and type-3 fuzzy logic are presented, which are of great interest to researchers working on these areas. Also, new nature-inspired optimization algorithms and innovative neural models are put forward in the manuscript, which are very popular subjects, at this moment. There are contributions on theoretical aspects as well as applications, which make the book very appealing to a wide audience, ranging from researchers to professors and graduate students.
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031090622
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 240 p. 144 illus., 125 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1051
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Operating systems (Computers). ; Artificial intelligence. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: micro-ROS- Lab-scale Smart Factory Implementation Using ROS -- High Fidelity IMU and Wheel Encoder Models for ROS based AGV Simulations -- Autonomous Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System for Chemical and Mineralogical Designation of Interplanetary.
    Abstract: This book is the seventh volume of the successful book series on Robot Operating System: The Complete Reference, which started in 2016. The book's objective is to provide the reader with comprehensive coverage on the Robot Operating Systems (ROS) and the latest trends and contributed systems. ROS has been considered as the primary development framework for robotics applications. There are seven chapters organized into three parts. Part I presents one chapter dealing with ROS2 and presents a tutorial on using the MediaPipe framework with ROS2. In Part II, three chapters present new contributions of ROS frameworks and applications, including micro-ROS, Autonomous 3D Thermal Mapping of Disaster Environments, and Lab-scale Smart Factory Implementation Using ROS. Part III provides contributions on how to use ROS for cooperative robotics behaviors, particularly in platoon applications, in addition to developing new perception and control algorithms with sensing technologies. This book will be a valuable companion for ROS users and developers to learn more about ROS capabilities and features. .
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9783031242915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 448 p. 175 illus., 138 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1083
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Industrial engineering. ; Production engineering. ; Multiagent systems.
    Abstract: A Review of Multi-Agent Systems used in Industrial Applications -- Alignment of Digital Twin Systems with the RAMI 4.0 Model using Multi-agent Systems -- A Design Process for Holonic Cyber-Physical Systems using the ARTI and BASE Architectures -- A Recommendation Strategy Proposal for an Energy Community Modelled as a Multi-Agent System -- Toward a Hybrid Cloud Sawmill Digital Twin based on Active Learning -- A Digital Twin Generic Architecture for Data-Driven Cyber-Physical Production Systems -- Modelling Manufacturing Systems for Digital Twin through Communicating Finite State Machines -- Challenges of Material Handling System Design in the Context of Industry 4.0 -- Safety Design and Verification in Reconfigurable Assembly Systems -- Designing a Multi Agent Control System for a Reconfigurable Manufacturing System.
    Abstract: The scientific theme of the book is “Virtualisation – a multifaceted key enabler of Industry 4.0 from holonic to cloud manufacturing” which is addressed in the framework of cyber-physical system development. The book approaches cyber-physical systems for manufacturing with emergent digital technologies: Internet of Things, digital twins (based on the virtualization of production models embedded in the design, virtual commissioning, optimization and resilience of processes and fault tolerance of resources), big data, cloud control and computing, machine learning and cobots, that are applied in the book’s chapters to industry and service sectors such as manufacturing, energy, logistics, construction and health care. The novelty of this approach consists in interpreting and applying the characteristics of RAMI4.0—the reference architecture model of the Industry 4.0 framework—as combinations of virtualized cyber-physical system elements and IT components in life cycle value stream models. The general scope of the book is to foster innovation in smart and sustainable manufacturing and logistics systems and in this context to promote concepts, methods and solutions for the digital transformation of manufacturing through service orientation in holonic and agent-based control with distributed intelligence. The book’s readership is comprised by researchers and engineers working in the manufacturing value chain area who develop and use digital control solutions in the “Industry of the Future” vision. The book also addresses to master’s and Ph.D. students enrolled in Engineering Sciences programs.
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  • 93
    ISBN: 9783031223716
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 193 p. 78 illus., 59 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Intelligent Systems Reference Library 236
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Machine learning. ; Data protection.
    Abstract: Editorial Note -- Artificial Intelligence as Dual-Use Technology -- Diabetic Retinopathy Detection using Transfer and Reinforcement Learning with effective image preprocessing and data augmentation techniques. .
    Abstract: This book aims at updating the relevant computer science-related research communities, including professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students, as well as the general reader from other disciplines, on the most recent advances in applications of methods based on Fusing Machine Learning Paradigms. Integrated or Hybrid Machine Learning methodologies combine together two or more Machine Learning approaches achieving higher performance and better efficiency when compared to those of their constituent components and promising major impact in science, technology and the society. The book consists of an editorial note and an additional eight chapters and is organized into two parts, namely: (i) Recent Application Areas of Fusion of Machine Learning Paradigms and (ii) Applications that can clearly benefit from Fusion of Machine Learning Paradigms. This book is directed toward professors, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in Machine Learning-related disciplines, as the hybridism presented, and the case studies described provide researchers with successful approaches and initiatives to efficiently address complex classification or regression problems. It is also directed toward readers who come from other disciplines, including Engineering, Medicine or Education Sciences, and are interested in becoming versed in some of the most recent Machine Learning-based technologies. Extensive lists of bibliographic references at the end of each chapter guide the readers to probe further into the application areas of interest to them.
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9783031266553
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 540 p. 215 illus., 154 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 640
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Transportation engineering. ; Traffic engineering. ; Statistics .
    Abstract: This book reports on cutting-edge theories and methods for analyzing complex systems, such as transportation and communication networks and discusses multi-disciplinary approaches to dependability problems encountered when dealing with complex systems in practice. The book presents the most relevant findings discussed at the 22nd International Multidisciplinary Conference on Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (RelStat), which took place on October 20 – 21, 2022, in Riga, Latvia, in hybrid mode. It spans a broad spectrum of advanced theories and methods, giving a special emphasis to the integration of artificial intelligent concepts into reliability approaches. .
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9783031262548
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 925 p. 514 illus., 402 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 635
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Engineering
    Abstract: This book reviews the state of the art of big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and smart environments. Data is becoming an increasingly decisive resource in modern societies, economies, and governmental organizations. Data science, artificial intelligence, and smart environments inspire novel techniques and theories drawn from mathematics, statistics, information theory, computer science, and social science. This book reviews the state of the art of big data analysis, artificial intelligence, and smart environments. It includes issues that pertain to signal processing, probability models, machine learning, data mining, database, data engineering, pattern recognition, visualization, predictive analytics, data warehousing, data compression, computer programming, smart city, etc. The papers in this book were the outcome of research conducted in this field of study. The latter makes use of applications and techniques related to data analysis in general and big data and smart city in particular. The book appeals to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, lecturers, and industrial researchers, as well as anyone interested in big data analysis and artificial intelligence.
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  • 96
    ISBN: 9783030781057
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 531 p. 240 illus., 169 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 252
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Environmental sciences—Social aspects. ; Computational intelligence. ; Economic development. ; Control engineering. ; Environmental sciences
    Abstract: Bubbling Pressure in Clay Soils as a Physical Quantity and Approximation Parameter -- Geodetic Observations of Building Settlings on Weak Water-Saturated Clay Soils -- Paleogeography of the Black and Azov Seas and Their Coasts in Pleistocene and Holocene (Within the Krasnodar Region of Russia) -- Methodology for Developing a Geoinformation Project for Rational Nature Management of the Land and Property Complex of Russian Northern Territories -- The Pyrological Situation in the Steppe Regions of North Eurasia and Adjacent Territories: FIRMS Data Analysis for the Multi-year Period -- The Ecological State of Vegetation in Urban Areas of Various Administrative Districts of Ulan-Ude: A Comprehensive Assessment -- Territorial Features of Manifesting Hazardous Hydrological Phenomena in the Altai Republic -- Synanthropization and Species Diversity of Floodplain Ecosystems of the Ob-Irtysh Basin -- Assessment of Surface Water Quality in the Markha River Basin on the Territory of the Nyurba Ulus (District) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) -- A Fractal Character of the Multidimensional Ecological Niche: Formation in Real Habitats in South Trans Urals. .
    Abstract: This book enables readers to develop a multidisciplinary understanding of natural, human-made, and coupled human-natural systems. The authors explore the structure, function, and dynamic mechanisms of various systems, both natural and human-made, as well as analyze their reciprocal interactions under the concept of “coupled human-natural systems.” The chapters challenge traditional planning and management assumptions and strategies for natural resources, human-altered systems, and the environment. Acknowledging the critical role of effective regulations, policies, and governance structures, the authors analyze advanced research and practices on policy design for managing natural, human-made, and coupled human-natural systems. They conduct impact evaluation and integrative ecosystems assessment, as well as discuss policy interventions and decision-making strategies. They acknowledge the localization of policy design, considering regional and global dynamics that shape responses of local human-made and coupled human-natural systems. A special collection of chapters analyzes legal foundations for sustainable development and strong institution. The authors explore models from both natural and social sciences to obtain and present significant research results. The book is a dispensable source of sustainability research and practice in human-made, natural, and coupled human-natural systems. It is for the scholars, practitioners, and advanced graduate students interested in systems theories, methodologies, and applications.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031008207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 610 p. 17 illus., 8 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 442
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    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: Short Introduction on the Logic -- Error Sets -- Transformation Connectives in Error Logic -- Mathematical Error Propositional Logic -- Applications of Error Logic -- Glossary.
    Abstract: This book offers a brand-new theoretical system and relevant tools for intelligently identifying errors in the decision-making process, investigating the complexities and erring mechanisms of dysfunctional socioeconomic systems, and therefore helping design error-proof systems. The error logic is invented to pioneer a new branch for the field of logic, which can be applied to various fields including mathematics, philosophy, computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, management science, and systems science. Researchers, postgraduates, and undergraduates in relevant fields can use it as a reference for enhancing their understanding of the tempo-spatial dynamics and transformation of errors in complicated systems. The manuscript also provides vivid and thought-provoking examples and applications to help readers understand how to apply the concepts and theory in real socioeconomic systems.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031274701
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 264 p. 135 illus., 75 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 611
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    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Computational intelligence.
    Abstract: Decision-Support for Additive Repair Processes with a Multi-Agent System -- AI Education for Middle/ High School Level: A Proposal of a System that Supports Teachers to Design their AI Lessons -- Sensor Data Restoration in Internet of Things Systems Using Machine Learning Approach -- Potential of eXtended Intelligence (XI) for Extending Human Expression from Digitization of Analog Elements -- Two-stage Approach to Cluster Categorical Medical Data -- Design of a Memory Palace Memory Aid Application Based on Trajectory Mnemonics.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of a wide range of research papers that combine both the humanities and sciences in applied informatics. In particular, it is intended for readers interested in the fields of artificial intelligence, data science, virtual reality, and intelligent systems. Technologies and findings in artificial intelligence, data science, virtual reality, and intelligent systems are being used in all academic disciplines today. This book is a compilation of specific and advanced research findings from a wide range of research fields where they are being applied today. The papers included are based on those presented in August 2022 at the International Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng-Tokyo), a prestigious academic conference that has been held annually since 1974. The papers have been rigorously reviewed and selected by multiple peer reviewers.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9783031303968
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(X, 179 p. 73 illus., 49 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 670
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Engineering—Data processing. ; Computational intelligence. ; Machine learning. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Robotics. ; Engineering
    Abstract: The book (proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (ICDLAIR) 2022) introduces key topics from artificial intelligence algorithms and programming organisations and explains how they contribute to health care, manufacturing, law, finance, retail, real estate, accountancy, digital marketing, and various other fields. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has generated a lot of hype over the past ten years, these consequences on how we live, work, and play are still in their infancy and will likely have a significant impact in the future. The supremacy of AI in areas like speech and picture recognition, navigational apps, personal assistants for smartphones, ride-sharing apps, and many other areas is already well established. The book is primarily meant for academics, researchers, and engineers who want to employ AI applications to address real-world issues. The authors hope that businesses and technology creators will also find it appealing to utilise in industry. .
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031261350
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 156 p. 61 illus., 41 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Studies in Computational Intelligence 1086
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    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Software engineering. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Formal Method PAR-based Development of Graph Traversal Algorithms Family -- Automatic Piano Accompaniment Generation Method by Drum Rhythm Features with Selectable Difficulty Level -- Using Mixed Reality Technology for Teaching a New Language: A Study from Teachers’ Perspectives -- Reinforcement Learning and Action Space Shaping for a Humanoid Agent in a Highly Dynamic Environment -- Color-SIFT Features for Histopathological Image Analysis -- Time-Series Multidimensional Dialogue Feature Visualization Method for Group Work -- A Study on the Usage Prediction Model of Demand Response Resource Using Machine Learning -- A Study on AI Profiling Technology of Malicious Code Meta Information -- A Study on the Factors Affecting the Intention to Contin-ue to Use and Net Impacts of Smart Factory -- Protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the par-ties in B2B non-personal data sharing transactions: Experiences from the UK and EU and lessons learnt for Vietnam -- Capacitive Pressure Sensor based on Interdigitated Capacitor for applications in Smart Textile -- Author Index.
    Abstract: This edited book presents scientific results of the 24th ACIS International Winter Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD2022-Summer) which was held on December 7–9, 2022, at Taichung, Taiwan. The aim of this conference was to bring together researchers and scientists, businessmen and entrepreneurs, teachers, engineers, computer users, and students to discuss the numerous fields of computer science and to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and information in a meaningful way. The conference organizers selected the best papers from those papers accepted for presentation at the workshop. The papers were chosen based on review scores submitted by members of the program committee and underwent further rigorous rounds of review. From this second round of review, 15 of the most promising papers are then published in this Springer (SCI) book and not the conference proceedings.
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