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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Europe 4.0 : Addressing the Digital Dilemma (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: This report examines the underlying economics of different types of digital technologies. It highlights what the new drivers of change are, why the dynamics with this latest round of technological change may be different, and what the distributional impacts may be within and across countries. It then examines the evidence for how different digital technologies are - or are not - contributing to competitiveness and opportunities for small and young firms, and firms in less developed areas, and what can be done about it. Europe faces a digital dilemma. European firms are particularly strong in operational technologies such as smart robotics and 3D printing. While this helps Europe's competitiveness, it also widens the divide between large and small firms, and leading and lagging regions. On the other hand, digital technologies, such as transactional technologies or matching platforms, have the greatest potential for market inclusion and convergence, but this is where Europe remains less competitive. The report lays out how Europe 4.0 is attainable. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has highlighted the importance of the data economy - and raised the risks if the digital dilemma is not addressed. This report provides a framework, evidence and recommendations on how governments can respond. Europe has the chance to attain a dynamic and inclusive technologically enhanced future, it should take that chance
    DOI: 10.1596/34746
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    At Your Service? : The promise of services-led development (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464816710
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (volumes cm)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Digital Technology ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth ; Industrialization ; Jobs ; Manufacturing Sector ; Productivity ; Services Sector ; Servicification ; Structural change ; Structural transformation
    Abstract: Been synonymous with development. However, the trend of premature deindustrialization and the spread of automation technologies associated with Industry 4.0 has raised concerns that the development model based on export-led manufacturing seen in East Asia will be harder for hitherto less industrialized countries to replicate in the future. Can services-led development be an alternative? Contrary to conventional wisdom, the features of manufacturing that were considered uniquely conducive for productivity growth - such as international trade, scale economies, inter-sectoral linkages, and innovation - are increasingly shared by the services sector. But services are not monolithic. The twin gains of productivity growth and large-scale job creation for relatively low-skilled workers are less likely to come together in any given services subsector. The promise of services-led development in the future will be strengthened to the extent that technological change reduces the trade-off between productivity and jobs, and growth opportunities in services with potential for high productivity do not depend on a manufacturing base. Considering technological change and linkages between sectors while differentiating across types of services, this book assesses the scope of a services-driven development model and policy directions that maximize its potential--
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1671-0
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    India's Services Sector Growth : The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Avdiu, Besart India's Services Sector Growth: The Impact of Services Trade on Non-tradable Services
    Keywords: Economic Development ; Economic Growth Stimulation ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Female Employment ; Foreign Demand Shocks ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Indian Economic Censuses ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Tradable Services ; Poverty Reduction ; Service Sector ; Small Service Firms ; Tradable Services
    Abstract: This paper examines the effect of tradable services growth on non-tradable services across Indian districts. The analysis uses a shift-share "Bartik-type" instrumental variable, which relies on changes in foreign demand shocks for tradable services, weighted by the initial district employment shares in tradable services. Using multiple rounds of the Indian Economic Censuses, the findings show that an increase in tradable services employment leads to an increase in non-tradable services employment and increases the number of firms in non-tradable services. The evidence suggests that this positive impact is due to an increase in consumer demand for local non-tradable services that results from the growth in tradable services employment, and not due to sectoral linkages between tradable and non-tradable services sectors. The employment impact is much larger for female workers compared to male workers, and for the number of female-owned firms relative to male-owned firms. Further, the employment impact is only significant for small non-tradable service firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10094
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are the "poor" getting globalized? (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 20 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8609
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mendoza, Adelina Are the Poor Getting Globalized?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: One reason that poor people may not capture the full benefit from participation in international markets is that the goods they produce tend to be subject to relatively high trade barriers. This paper analyzes market access barriers faced by households in different income deciles by matching household survey data from India based on the industrial classification of their economic activity. Tariffs in international markets are higher, and nontariff measures more numerous, on goods produced by poor workers than on goods produced by rich workers. Tariffs faced by exporters are higher on goods produced in rural and more remote areas than on those in urban centers, on goods produced by informal enterprises than by formal ones, and on goods produced by women than by men. Furthermore, the global reduction in tariffs from 1996 to 2012 failed to ameliorate these differences. How did we get there? Efforts to protect poor workers across countries resulted in a coordination problem. Indeed, tariff protection in China and the United States is higher on goods produced by poor workers than on goods produced by rich workers. Therefore, if poor workers are employed in similar sectors, then each country's attempts to protect its poor workers by imposing higher tariffs and more nontariff measures on such goods will reduce the access of all poor workers to international markets, and thus limit the gains from trade
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8609
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    India's internal labor migration paradox : the statistical and the real (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8356
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nayyar, Gaurav India's Internal Labor Migration Paradox: The Statistical and the Real
    Keywords: 2004 - 2012 ; Binnenwanderung ; Arbeitsmobilität ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Indien ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Internal labor migration rates in India have been largely static and low in recent times compared with those in other countries. This is a cause for concern because internal migration for economic reasons can promote the agglomeration of economic activity in more productive locations and directly contribute to reducing poverty through remittances. New evidence based on the India Human Development Survey, which provides a more recent source of data compared with the Census and other household surveys, shows that labor mobility is higher than previously estimated-the stock of labor migrants increased from 16 million in 2004-05 to 60 million in 2011-12. The absolute number of circular migrants, at more than 200 million in 2011-12, is also much higher than previously documented estimates. Tracking the same households between 2004-05 and 2011-12, empirical analysis based on the India Human Development Survey highlights several socioeconomic factors associated with the migration decision: household income, the availability of information, as well as community networks in source and destination areas. There is also a possible administrative dimension to interstate migration barriers, owing to domicile provisions for work and study, lack of portability of social benefits, and legal and other entitlements upon relocation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8356
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance : Evidence from Europe (Volume 2020/6) (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286146763
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Finance
    Abstract: As the productivity of the European economy shows signs of slowing down, many hopes are pinned on digital technologies to reverse this trend. This study uses data from the EIBIS 2019 survey to examine whether the adoption of different digital technologies (such as advanced robotics, 3D printing, or Internet of Things) by firms in the EU have different impacts on productivity. It also examines whether these different technologies have different implications for employment growth, and whether there are complementarities between technologies when it comes to firm performance
    Note: English
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance : Evidence from Europe (Volume 2020/6) (2020)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286146763
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Finance
    Abstract: As the productivity of the European economy shows signs of slowing down, many hopes are pinned on digital technologies to reverse this trend. This study uses data from the EIBIS 2019 survey to examine whether the adoption of different digital technologies (such as advanced robotics, 3D printing, or Internet of Things) by firms in the EU have different impacts on productivity. It also examines whether these different technologies have different implications for employment growth, and whether there are complementarities between technologies when it comes to firm performance
    Note: English
    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
    URL: OAPEN Library: description of the publication
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing countries and services in the new industrial paradigm (2018)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 23 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8659
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8659
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does premature deindustrialization matter? : the role of manufacturing versus services in development (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8596
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nayyar, Gaurav Does Premature Deindustrialization Matter? The Role of Manufacturing versus Services in Development
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The shares of manufacturing in value added and employment across a range of developing economies peaked at lower levels of per capita income compared with their high-income, early-industrializer precursors. Based on the statistical analysis of input-output tables and firm-level data, the paper contributes to the discussion on whether this "premature deindustrialization" matters by showing that: a) the premature declining share of the manufacturing sector is largely not driven by a statistical artifice whereby what was earlier subsumed in manufacturing value added is now accounted for as service sector contributions; b) Some features of manufacturing that were thought of as uniquely special for development, such as scale economies, exports, and innovation, are increasingly shared by services sector firms. Yet, a given service subsector is unlikely to provide opportunities for productivity growth and job creation for unskilled labor simultaneously; c) Some high-productivity services serve final demand or derive demand from several sectors, while others are more closely linked to a manufacturing base
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8596
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Have robots grounded the flying geese? : evidence from greenfield FDI in manufacturing (2019)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9097
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hallward-Driemeier Mary Have Robots Grounded The Flying Geese? Evidence From Greenfield FDI In Manufacturing
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: For decades, manufacturers around the world have outsourced production to countries with lower labor costs. However, there is a concern that robotization in high-income countries will challenge this shifting international division of labor known as the "flying geese" paradigm. Greenfield foreign direct investment decisions constitute a forward-looking indicator of where production is expected, rather than trade flows that reflect past investment decisions. Exploiting differences across countries and industries, the intensity of robot use in high-income countries has a positive impact on foreign direct investment growth from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries over 2004-15. Past a threshold, however, increased robotization in high-income countries has a negative impact on foreign direct investment growth. Only 3 percent of the sample exceeds the threshold level beyond which further automation results in negative foreign direct investment growth and is consistent with re-shoring. For another 25 percent of the sample, the impact of robotization on the growth of foreign direct investment is positive, but at a rate that is declining. So, although these are early warning signs, automation in high-income countries has resulted in growing foreign direct investment for more than two-thirds of the sample under consideration. Some geese may be slowing, but for now, most continue to fly
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9097
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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