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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Toward a New Social Contract : Taking on Distributional Tensions in Europe and Central Asia (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464813542
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (248 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: The growing economic fissures in the societies of Europe and Central Asia between generations, between insiders and outsiders in the labor market, between rural and urban communities, and between the super-rich and everyone else, are threatening the sustainability of the social contract. The institutions that helped achieving a remarkable degree of equity and prosperity over the course of several decades now face considerable difficulties in coping with the challenges presented by these emerging forms of inequality. Public surveys reveal rising concerns over inequality of opportunity, while electoral results show a marked shift to populist parties that offer radical solutions to voters dissatisfied with the status quo.There is no single solution to relieve these tensions, and attempts to address them will vary considerably across the region. However, this publication proposes three broad policy principles: (1) promote labor market flexibility while maintaining protection for all types of labor contracts; (2) seek universality in the provision of social assistance, social insurance, and basic quality services; and (3) expand the tax base by complementing progressive labor-income taxation with taxation of capital. These principles could guide the rethinking of the social contract and fulfil European citizens' aspirations for growth and equity
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1353-5
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender aspects of the trade and poverty nexus : a macro-micro approach (2009)
    Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    ISBN: 0821377620 , 0821377639 , 0821377647 , 9780821377628 , 9780821377635 , 9780821377642
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 282 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Equity and development series
    DDC: 339.4/6082
    Keywords: Commerce ; Poverty ; Sex role ; Commerce ; Poverty ; Sex role ; Commerce ; Poverty ; Sex role
    Description / Table of Contents: Gender aspects of the trade and poverty nexus : an introduction and overview / Maurizio Bussolo and Rafael E. De HoyosThe gender effects of trade liberalization in developing countries : a review of the literature / Marzia Fontana -- Oil price shocks, poverty and gender : a social accounting matrix analysis for Kenya / Jean-Pascal Nganou, Juan Carlos Parra, and Quentin Wodon -- Exports and labor income by gender : a social accounting matrix analysis for Senegal / Ismael Fofana, Juan Carlos Parra, and Quentin Wodon -- Trade, growth, and gender in developing countries : a comparison of Ghana, Honduras, Senegal, and Uganda / John Cockburn ... [et al.] -- Higher prices of export crops, intrahousehold inequality, and human capital accumulation in Senegal / Maurizio Bussolo, Rafael E. De Hoyos, and Quentin Wodon -- More coffee, more cigarettes? Coffee market liberalization, gender, and bargaining in Uganda / Jennifer Golan and Jann Lay -- Gender impacts of agricultural liberalization : evidence from Ghana / Charles Ackah and Jann Lay -- Can maquila booms reduce poverty? Evidence from Honduras / Rafael E. De Hoyos, Maurizio Bussolo, and Oscar Núñez.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7762-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distributional Effects of the Panama Canal Expansion (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Distributional Effects of the Panama Canal Expansion
    Abstract: This paper uses a dynamic macro-micro framework to evaluate the potential distributional effects of the expansion of the Panama Canal. The results show that large macroeconomic effects are only likely during the operations phase (2014 and onward), and income gains are likely to be concentrated at the top of the income distribution. The additional foreign exchange inflows during the construction and operations phases result in the loss of competitiveness of non-Canal sectors (Dutch disease) and in higher domestic prices, which hurt the poorest consumers. In addition, the construction and operation activities increase demand for more educated non-farm formal workers. Although these changes encourage additional labor movement out of agriculture and from the informal to the formal sector, much of the impact is manifested in growing wage disparities and widening income inequality. Using the additional revenues of the Canal expansion in a targeted cash transfer program such as "Red de Oportunidades", the Government of Panama could offset the adverse distributional effects and eradicate extreme poverty
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5848
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population Aging and Households' Saving in the Russian Federation (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bussolo, Maurizio Population Aging and Households' Saving in the Russian Federation
    Abstract: Using household data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, this paper assesses how aging affects saving. To overcome a systematic bias against the life-cycle hypothesis of survey data, the paper estimates how the age profile of saving changes when the micro data are corrected to account for the contribution to pensions (as additional saving) and receipt of benefits from pensions (as dissaving). With these corrections, the Russian data support the life-cycle hypothesis. A small decline in the aggregate saving rate, because of aging, can thus be expected. However, since aggregate saving rates result from a combination of age and cohort effects, this decline may not be significant. When extrapolating the rising trends of the cohort effect, the fact that younger generations are earning and saving more than older generation at the same age, the projection shows a growing aggregate saving rate. The changes in saving of future cohorts, for example because of changes in the growth rate of the economy, can affect the aggregate saving rate even more than aging
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7443
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Agricultural Distortions (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This paper assesses the potential impacts of the removal of agricultural and other trade distortions using a newly developed dataset and methodological approach for evaluating the global poverty and inequality effects of policy reforms. It finds that liberalization of agriculture will increase global extreme poverty (US
    DOI: 10.1596/28154
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Long-Awaited Rise of the Middle Class in Latin America is Finally Happening (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio The Long-Awaited Rise of the Middle Class in Latin America is Finally Happening
    Abstract: In many developing countries, the supply of skilled workers is likely to continue to be stronger than demand, and this should drive down the skill premium and reduce inequality. Within the limitations of any exercise based on simulations, this paper finds that the recently observed reduction in inequality in Latin America may continue. Building on counterfactual scenarios projecting economic and demographic (including age and education) growth, the paper also highlights that by 2030 the long-awaited rise of the middle class in Latin America will be in full swing, as its share will be 43 percent of the total population, twice the value in 2005. This achievement is not guaranteed, as countries with large initial inequalities will have to achieve very high rates of inclusive growth. At the same time, a larger middle class is likely to exert a stronger influence on international and domestic policy making
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6912
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do Remittances Have A Flip Side ? : A General Equilibrium Analysis of Remittances, Labor Supply Responses, And Policy Options For Jamaica (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (29 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Do Remittances Have A Flip Side ?
    Keywords: Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Effects ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; General Equilibrium ; High Unemployment ; Information ; Investment ; Labor ; Labor ; Labor Costs ; Labor Demand ; Labor Force ; Labor Force Participation ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Econometric analysis has established a negative relationship between labor supply and remittances in Jamaica. The authors incorporate this ex-post evidence in a general equilibrium model to investigate economywide effects of increased remittance inflows. In this model, remittances reduce labor force participation by increasing the reservation wages of recipients. This exacerbates the real exchange rate appreciation, hurting Jamaica's export base and small manufacturing import-competing sector. Within the narrow margins of maneuver of a highly indebted government, the authors show that a revenue-neutral policy response of a simultaneous reduction in payroll taxes and increase in sales taxes can effectively counteract these potentially negative effects of remittances
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remittances And The Real Exchange Rate (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Remittances And The Real Exchange Rate
    Keywords: Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Capital Inflow ; Consumption ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; Demand ; Domestic Economy ; Dutch Disease ; Economic Stabilization ; Economic Theory and Research ; Economies ; Economy ; Emerging Markets ; External Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Growth Rates ; International Markets ; Loss of Competitiveness ; Macroeconomic Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: Existing empirical evidence indicates that remittances have a positive impact on a good number of development indicators of recipient countries. Yet when flows are too large relative to the size of the recipient economies, as those observed in a number of Latin American countries, they may also bring a number of undesired problems. Among those probably the most feared in this context is the Dutch Disease. This paper explores the empirical evidence regarding the impact of remittances on the real exchange rate. The findings suggest that remittances indeed appear to lead to a significant real exchange rate appreciation. The paper also explores policy options that may somewhat offset the observed effect
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Challenges To MDG Achievement In Low Income Countries : Lessons From Ghana And Honduras (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Challenges To MDG Achievement In Low Income Countries
    Keywords: Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services ; Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services ; Development Strategies ; Economic Theory and Research ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income Inequality ; International Community ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Millennium Declaration ; Millennium Development Goals ; Policy Research ; Policy Research Working Paper ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Progress ; Public Sector Economics and Finance ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Social Services
    Abstract: This paper summarizes the policy lessons from applications of the Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS) model to two low income countries: Ghana and Honduras. Results show that costs of MDGs achievement could reach 10-13 percent of GDP by 2015, although, given the observed low productivity in the provision of social services, significant savings may be realized by improving efficiency. Sources of financing also matter: foreign aid inflows can reduce international competitiveness through real exchange appreciation, while domestic financing can crowd out the private sector and slow poverty reduction. Spending a large share of a fixed budget on growth-enhancing infrastructure may mean sacrificing some human development, even if higher growth is usually associated with lower costs of social services. The pursuit of MDGs increases demand for skills: while this encourages higher educational attainments, in the short term this could lead to increased income inequality and a lower poverty elasticity of growth
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Growth And Distribution : Are China And India Reshaping The World? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Global Growth And Distribution
    Keywords: Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Development Economics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Emerging Markets ; General Equilibrium Model ; Growth Rates ; High Growth ; Income ; Income Distribution ; Incomes ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Middle Class ; Policy Research ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Over the past 20 years, aggregate measures of global inequality have changed little even if significant structural changes have been observed. High growth rates of China and India lifted millions out of poverty, while the stagnation in many African countries caused them to fall behind. Using the World Bank's LINKAGE global general equilibrium model and the newly developed Global Income Distribution Dynamics (GIDD) tool, this paper assesses the distribution and poverty effects of a scenario where these trends continue in the future. Even by anticipating a deceleration, growth in China and India is a key force behind the expected convergence of per-capita incomes at the global level. Millions of Chinese and Indian consumers will enter into a rapidly emerging global middle class-a group of people who can afford, and demand access to, the standards of living previously reserved mainly for the residents of developed countries. Notwithstanding these positive developments, fast growth is often characterized by high urbanization and growing demand for skills, both of which result in widening of income distribution within countries. These opposing distributional effects highlight the importance of analyzing global disparities by taking into account - as the GIDD does - income dynamics between and within countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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