Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pakistan at 100 : Structural Transformation (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: This policy note was prepared in parallel to the report Pakistan at 100 - Shaping the Future. The report Pakistan at 100 discusses options to accelerate and sustain growth in Pakistan so that the country becomes an upper middle-income country when it turns hundred years old in 2047. This policy note discusses Pakistan's slow transformation and the need to reallocate resources to the most productive uses
    DOI: 10.1596/31410
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    When do creditor rights work? (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sharma, Siddharth When do creditor rights work?
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure ; Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure ; Access to Finance ; Bank loans ; Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Contract enforcement ; Creditor ; Creditor Rights ; Creditors ; Debt Markets ; Finance Corporation ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial markets ; Legal protections ; Legal systems ; Public Disclosure
    Abstract: Creditor-friendly laws are generally associated with more credit to the private sector and deeper financial markets. But laws mean little if they are not upheld in the courts. The authors hypothesize that the effectiveness of creditor rights is strongly linked to the efficiency of contract enforcement. This hypothesis is tested using firm level data on 27 European countries in 2002 and 2005. The analysis finds that firms have more access to bank credit in countries with better creditor rights, but the association between creditor rights and bank credit is much weaker in countries with inefficient courts. Exploiting the panel dimension of the data and the fact that creditor rights change over time, the authors show that the effect of a change in creditor rights on change in bank credit increases with court enforcement. In particular, a unit increase in the creditor rights index will increase the share of bank loans in firm investment by 27 percent in a country at the 10th percentile of the enforcement time distribution (Lithuania). However, the increase will be only 7 percent in a country at the 80th percentile of this distribution (Kyrgyzstan). Legal protections of creditors and efficient courts are strong complements
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Labor Market Effects of Financial Crises : The Role of Temporary Contracts in Central and Western Europe (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sharma, Siddharth The Labor Market Effects of Financial Crises: The Role of Temporary Contracts in Central and Western Europe
    Abstract: This paper examines how the 2008-09 financial crisis affected labor markets in Central and Western Europe, and how this impact depended on employment protections laws. Using a differences-in-differences approach that compares industries with varying degrees of inherent dependence on external financing, the analysis finds that the crisis had significant negative impacts on employment, particularly on temporary, less skilled, and younger workers. These impacts on the level and composition of employment were significantly stronger in countries with stronger legal protection of permanent workers from dismissal. This finding suggests that, given regulatory inflexibility in adjusting the permanent workforce, firms responded to tightening financial constraints by disproportionately laying off temporary workers (who tend to be younger and less skilled than permanent workers)
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8085
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Development And Innovation In Small Firms (2007)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (33 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sharma, Siddharth Financial Development And Innovation In Small Firms
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Debt Markets ; Education ; External finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial market ; Financial systems ; Firm performance ; Informational asymmetries ; International Bank ; Lenders ; Market failures ; Microfinance ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Small loan ; Access to Finance ; Debt Markets ; Education ; External finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial market ; Financial systems ; Firm performance ; Informational asymmetries ; International Bank ; Lenders ; Market failures ; Microfinance ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Small loan ; Access to Finance ; Debt Markets ; Education ; External finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Development ; Financial market ; Financial systems ; Firm performance ; Informational asymmetries ; International Bank ; Lenders ; Market failures ; Microfinance ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Small loan
    Abstract: This paper uses firm level data from a cross-section of 57 countries to study how financial development affects innovation in small firms. The analysis finds that relative to large firms in the same industry, spending on research and development by small firms is more likely and sizable in countries at higher levels of financial development. The estimates imply that among firms doing research and development in a country like Romania, which is at the 20th percentile of financial development, a 1 standard deviation decrease in firm size is associated with a decrease of 0.7 standard deviations in research and development spending. In contrast, this decrease is only 0.2 standard deviations in a country like South Africa, which is at the 80th percentile of the distribution of financial development. Small firms also report producing more innovations per unit of research and development spending than large firms, and this gap is narrower in countries at higher levels of financial development. As a robustness check, the author shows that these patterns are stronger in industries inherently more reliant on external finance
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Firm-Level Input Distortion in Indian States (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chaurey, Ritam Firm-Level Input Distortion in Indian States
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements ; Competitiveness ; Corporate Data and Reporting ; Corporate Governance ; Distortions ; Factor Misallocation ; Firm Performance ; Firms ; Labor Market ; Land Market ; Misallocation ; National Labor Policy ; Private Sector Development ; Productivity ; Reallocation of Resources ; Resource Allocation ; Rural Development ; Rural Labor Markets
    Abstract: This paper measures trends in factor misallocation in India between 1999 and 2014, using data from a rich panel of Indian firms. The misallocation of a factor is modeled as an adjustment cost, that is, an implicit variable cost incurred by a firm when using that factor. Trends in the adjustment cost are estimated using a new adaptation of the firm-level cost-minimization approach. The paper documents these trends for four factors of production (permanent labor, contract labor, land, and fixed capital) across Indian states and by firm size. Overall, the findings show that adjustment costs declined over time for labor and land but with significant heterogeneity with respect to state growth rate and firm size. Using these stylized facts on trends in factor adjustment costs, as well as in-depth field interviews with firms in two Indian states, the paper also discusses potential policy developments behind these trends, including a preliminary examination of the role of state-level governance in the implementation of relevant factor market policies
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10048
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Lifting Firing Restrictions on Firms : Evidence from a State-Level Labor Law Amendment (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chaudhary, Sarur The Impact of Lifting Firing Restrictions on Firms: Evidence from a State-Level Labor Law Amendment
    Keywords: Distribution of Work ; Labor and Employment Law ; Labor Law ; Labor Policies ; Labor Productivity ; Labor Reform ; Labor Unions ; Law and Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Unions ; Workforce
    Abstract: Stringent employment protection laws are argued to be a cause of reduced employment flexibility, slower growth and increased reliance on temporary employment contracts in many countries, including India. In 2014, the Indian state of Rajasthan amended labor laws to increase employment flexibility in firms. The most discussed of the amendments lifted the requirement for government approval for retrenching regular workers in medium-size factories. This paper first conducts a synthetic control analysis of the policy change using state-level panel data from 1980 to 2018, finding no evidence of an impact on aggregate manufacturing employment and output. The paper then uses firm-level panel data to conduct a difference-in-differences analysis of the main amendment, exploiting its size-dependent feature for identification. This analysis finds that the amendment reduced the implicit regulatory cost of labor in firms, but there is no discernible impact on their total employment and output. The amendment also led to firms substituting temporary ("contract") workers for permanent workers. This collateral impact is contrary to the expectation that easing the flexibility of permanent employment arrangements would make them more attractive to firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10039
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wider economic benefits of investments in transport corridors and the role of complementary policies (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, South Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist & Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8350
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Melecky, Martin Wider Economic Benefits of Investments in Transport Corridors and the Role of Complementary Policies
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Einkommen ; Privater Konsum ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Armut ; Gleichberechtigung ; Luftverschmutzung ; Indien ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper estimates the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral and North-South-East-West Highways in India on welfare, social inclusion, and environmental quality. The analysis uses district-level data for 1994-2011 and the difference-in-difference method. The results suggest that the highways shifted employment from the farm to the nonfarm sector, and that this shift was accompanied by an increase in output per capita. However, there is no evidence of an impact on household expenditure per capita, the poverty rate, or the incidence of regular wage employment. The results suggest that the highways caused an increase in air pollution. The effects of the highways are heterogeneous, depending on conditions in local factor and product markets
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8350
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Who Are The Unbanked? (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Djankov, Simeon Who Are The Unbanked?
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Education levels ; Enterprise ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal financial institutions ; Household ; Households ; Savings ; Savings accounts ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Education levels ; Enterprise ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal financial institutions ; Household ; Households ; Savings ; Savings accounts ; Access to Finance ; Access to financial services ; Bank ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Education levels ; Enterprise ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal financial institutions ; Household ; Households ; Savings ; Savings accounts
    Abstract: This paper uses nationally representative survey data from Mexico to compare households with savings accounts in formal financial institutions to their neighbors who do not have such accounts. The survey, which was conducted in 2005, contains information on nearly 5,000 households. The findings show that although neighboring banked and unbanked households have similar demographic and occupational profiles, the former are more educated and have markedly greater wealth. The median banked household spends 32 percent more per capita than the median unbanked household, and the median per capita wealth in banked households is 88 percent higher than that in unbanked households. The findings suggest that education levels, wealth, and unobserved household attributes that might be correlated with wealth and education play a major role in explaining who is banked
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional Productivity Convergence in Peru (2015)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Iacovone, Leonardo Regional Productivity Convergence in Peru
    Abstract: This paper examines whether labor productivity converged across Peru's regions ("departments") during 2002-12. Given the large differences in labor productivity across the regions of Peru, such convergence has the potential to raise aggregate productivity and incomes, and also reduce regional inequalities. The paper finds that labor productivity in the secondary sector (especially manufacturing) and the mining sector has converged across Peruvian departments. The paper does not find robust evidence for labor productivity convergence in agriculture and services. These patterns are consistent with recent cross-country evidence and with the hypothesis that productivity convergence is more likely in sectors with greater scope for market integration, because of the effects of competition and knowledge flows. The convergence in labor productivity within manufacturing and mining has been sufficient to lead to convergence in aggregate labor productivity across departments. But because services and agriculture continue to employ the majority of workers in Peru, aggregate convergence is slower than that within manufacturing. The paper also finds that poverty rates are not converging across departments. The limited impact of labor productivity convergence on poverty could be tied to the facts that not all sectors are experiencing productivity convergence, poorer people are employed in sectors where convergence has been slower (such as agriculture), and there is very little labor reallocation toward converging sectors (such as manufacturing)
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-7499
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Governance Game (2017)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Development Report Background Papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: In this paper, the authors use the lab to test a series of policy proposals designed to constrain rent-seeking behaviour in a policymaking context. The baseline governance game is conducted in the following way: subjects are randomly assigned to groups of four, with one subject randomly selected to be the "policymaker", while the other three are the "citizens". Citizens are informed that they can use their endowments to contribute to a group account. Any amount contributed to the group account are doubled. Once citizens have made their contribution decisions, the policymaker observes the contribution decisions of each citizen, and the total amount in the group account. The policymaker formulates a distribution "policy" to distribute the tokens among all four group members. The game is repeated for 20 rounds. With this basic framework, the authors implement and test the effect of three institutions designed to constrain policymaker rent-seeking behaviour: voting, policy commitment, and punishment. The results show that voting and enforced commitment are the most effective policy mechanisms to constrain rent-seeking, and improve citizen welfare. The authors find policymaker punishment regimes to be largely ineffective, both in reducing rent-seeking and improving welfare of citizens
    DOI: 10.1596/26085
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...