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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ruta, Michele Preferential Trade Agreements and Global Value Chains: Theory, Evidence, and Open Questions
    Abstract: Preferential trade agreements today are more numerous and deeper than they were a quarter century ago. Do deep agreements promote countries' integration into global value chains? What are the economic mechanisms? How do countries choose their trade agreement partners? Would the undoing of deep agreements disrupt global value chains? What is the outlook for trade agreements and global value chains going forward? This paper reviews the small but growing literature on the role of deep agreements as the institutional underpinnings of global value chains. It discusses the available evidence and theoretical arguments, providing directions for future research in this area
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fontagne, Lionel Trade and Infrastructure Integration in Africa
    Keywords: Economic Integration ; Export Transportation Infrastructure ; General Equilibrium ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; International Economics and Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreement ; Structure Gravity ; Transport Infrastructure Investment
    Abstract: Economic integration of the African continent rests on two pillars: the ratification of an ambitious trade agreement and massive investment in transportation infrastructure. Leveraging a newly created city-level database on African exporters' transport times, transport route optimization and general equilibrium modeling of international trade, the paper quantifies the impact of greater trade and transport integration in Africa. A pan-African agreement, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area, would increase African countries' exports by an average of 3.4 percent and increase gross domestic product by 0.6 percent. Complementing trade integration by reducing transportation time on roads, ports and border posts would increase exports by 11.5 percent and increase gross domestic product by 2 percent. Major transport investments are necessary to reap the full benefits of the African Continental Free Trade Area
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Freund, Caroline Is US Trade Policy Reshaping Global Supply Chains?
    Keywords: 10-Digit Us Import Data ; Bilateral Trade Decoupling ; China Supply Chains ; Diversification ; Global Value Chains ; Global Value Chains and Business Clustering ; International Economics and Trade ; Private Sector Development ; Reshoring ; Tariffs ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: This paper examines the reshaping of supply chains using detailed US 10-digit import data (tariff-line level) between 2017 and 2022. The results show that while US-China decoupling in bilateral trade is real, supply chains remain intertwined with China. Over the period, China's share of US imports fell from 22 to 16 percent. The paper shows that the decline is due to US tariffs. US imports from China are being replaced with imports from large developing countries with revealed comparative advantage in a product. Countries replacing China tend to be deeply integrated into China's supply chains and are experiencing faster import growth from China, especially in strategic industries. Put differently, to displace China on the export side, countries must embrace China's supply chains. Within products, the reorientation of trade is consistent with a "China + 1" strategy, as opposed to diversified sourcing across multiple countries. There is some evidence of nearshoring, but it is exclusive to border nations, and there is no consistent evidence of reshoring. Despite the significant reshaping, China remained the top supplier of imported goods to the US in 2022
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd
    ISBN: 9781784713850
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 v) , cm
    Series Statement: Elgar research reviews in economics
    Series Statement: Edward Elgar E-Book Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The WTO, subsidies and countervailing measures
    DDC: 382/.92
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Internationale Wirtschaft ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Subvention ; Zollpolitik ; WTO-Recht ; Welt ; Countervailing power ; Subsidies ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Subsidies and countervail have been the subject of much attention in recent decades. In this book, the editors have selected seminal contributions to the literature on the economics of subsidies and countervailing duties in international trade, their role in trade agreements and their treatment in the GATT/WTO system
    Abstract: Gene M. Grossman and Petros C. Mavroidis (2003), 'US - Lead and Bismuth II United States - Imposition of Countervailing Duties on Certain Hot-Rolled Lead and Bismuth Carbon Steel Products Originating in the United Kingdom: Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? Privatization and the Injury Caused by Non-Recurring Subsidies (WT/DS138; DSR 2000:V, 2595; DSR 2000:VI, 2623)', in Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds), The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies on WTO Case Law: Legal and Economic Analysis, Chapter 8, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 183-213 -- Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (2003), 'United States - Preliminary Determinations with Respect to Certain Softwood Lumber from Canada (WT/DS236; DSR 2002:IX, 3597): What Is a Subsidy?', in The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies on WTO Case Law: Legal and Economic Analysis, Chapter 21, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 523-50 -- Merit E. Janow and Robert W. Staiger (2003), 'Canada - Dairy Canada -Measures Affecting the Importation of Dairy Products and the Exportation of Milk (WT/DS113; WT/DS103; DSR 1999:V, 2057, DSR 1999:VI, 2097; DSR 2001:XIII, 6829; DSR 2001:XIII, 6865; DSR 2003:I, 213; DSR 2003:I, 255),' in Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds), The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies on WTO Care Law: Legal and Economic Analysis, Chapter 10, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 249-93 -- Andre Sapir and Joel P. Trachtman (2008), 'Subsidization, Price Suppression, and Expertise: Causation and Precision in Upland Cotton', World Trade Review, 7 (1), 183-209 -- Gene M. Grossman and Petros C. Mavroidis (2003), 'United States - Countervailing Measures Concerning Certain Products from the European Communities (WTO Doc. WT/DS212/AB/R; DSR 2003:I, 5; DSR 2003:I, 73): Recurring Misunderstanding of Non-Recurring Subsidies', in Henrik Horn and Petros C. Mavroidis (eds), The American Law Institute Reporters' Studies on WTO Case Law: Legal and Economic Analysis, Chapter 15, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 381-90
    Abstract: Recommended readings (Machine generated): Bagwell, K. and R.W. Staiger (1999), 'An Economic Theory of GATT', American Economic Review, 89, 215-248. -- Bown, Chad P. (ed.) (2006), The WTO, Safeguards, and Temporary Protection from Imports, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing. -- Brander, J.A. (1995), 'Strategic Trade Policy', G.M. Grossman and K. Rogoff (eds), Handbook of International Economics, pp. 1395-1455. North-Holland: Amsterdam. -- Congressional Budget Office (1994), How the GATT Affects U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Policy, Washington DC: Congress of the United States. -- Mayer, W. (1984), 'The infant-export industry argument', Canadian Journal of Economics, 17, 249-269. -- Snape, R. (1987), 'The importance of frontier barriers', in H. Kierzkowski (ed.), Protection and Competition in International Trade, New York: Basil Blackwell. -- Jagdish Bhagwati and V.K. Ramaswami (1963), 'Domestic Distortions, Tariffs and the Theory of Optimum Subsidy', Journal of Political Economy, 71 (1), February, 44-50 -- Harry G. Johnson (1965), 'Optimal Trade Intervention in the Presence of Domestic Distortions', in R.E. Caves, H.G. Johnson and P.B. Kenen (eds), Trade, Growth, and the Balance of Payments: Essays in Honor of Gottfried Haberler, Chicago, IL: Rand McNally and Company, 3-34 -- James A. Brander and Barbara J. Spencer (1985), 'Export Subsidies and International Market Share Rivalry', Journal of International Economics, 18 (1/2), February, 83-100 -- Avinash Dixit (1984), 'International Trade Policy for Oligopolistic Industries', Economic Journal, Supplement: Conference Papers, 94, 1-16 -- Jonathan Eaton and Gene M. Grossman (1986), 'Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy Under Oligopoly', Quarterly Journal of Economics, C1 (2), May, 383-406 -- Giovanni Maggi (1996), 'Strategic Trade Policies with Endogenous Mode of Competition', American Economic Review, 86 (1), March, 237-58 -- Gene M. Grossman and Henrik Horn (1988), 'Infant-Industry Protection Reconsidered: The Case of Informational Barriers to Entry', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103 (4), November, 767-87 -- Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1989), 'The Role of Export Subsidies When Product Quality is Unknown', Journal of International Economics, 27 (1/2), August, 69-89 -- Horst Raff and Young-Han Kim (1999), 'Optimal Export Policy in the Presence of Informational Barriers to Entry and Imperfect Competition', Journal of International Economics, 49 (1), October, 99-123 -- Barbara J. Spencer and James A. Brander (1983), 'International R & D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy', Review of Economic Studies, 50 (4), October, 707-22 -- Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1994), 'The Sensitivity of Strategic and Corrective R&D Policy in Oligopolistic Industries', Journal of International Economics, 36 (1/2), February, 133-50 -- Dermot Leahy and J. Peter Neary (1999), 'R&D Spillovers and the Case for Industrial Policy in an Open Economy', Oxford Economic Papers, 51, 40-59 -- Alan O. Sykes (1989), 'Countervailing Duty Law: An Economic Perspective', Columbia Law Review, 89 (2), March, 199-263
    Abstract: Robert C. Feenstra (1986), 'Trade Policy with Several Goods and "Market Linkages", Journal of International Economics, 20 (3/4), May, 249-67 -- Barbara J. Spencer (1988), 'Capital Subsidies and Countervailing Duties in Oligopolistic Industries', Journal of International Economics, 25 (1/2), August, 45-69 -- Barbara J. Spencer (1988), 'Countervailing Duty Laws and Subsidies to Imperfectly Competitive Industries', in Robert E. Baldwin, Carl B. Hamilton and André Sapir (eds), Issues in US-EC Trade Relations, Chapter 12, Chicago, IL and London, UK: University of Chicago Press, 313-34 -- David Collie (1991), 'Export Subsidies and Countervailing Tariffs', Journal of International Economics, 31 (3-4), November, 309-24 -- David R. Collie (1994), 'Endogenous Timing in Trade Policy Games: Should Governments Use Countervailing Duties?', Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv I, 130 (1), 191-209 -- Larry D. Qiu (1995), 'Why Can't Countervailing Duties Deter Export Subsidization?', Journal of International Economics, 39 (3-4), November, 249-72 -- Dani Rodrik (1995), 'Taking Trade Policy Seriously: Export Subsidization as a Case Study in Policy Effectiveness', in Jim Levinsohn, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern (eds), New Directions in Trade Theory, Chapter 10, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 347-84 -- Douglas A. Irwin and Nina Pavcnik (2004), 'Airbus versus Boeing Revisited: International Competition in the Aircraft Market', Journal of International Economics, 64 (2), December, 223-45 -- J.M. Finger, H. Keith Hall and Douglas R. Nelson (1982), 'The Political Economy of Administered Protection', American Economic Review, 72 (3), June, 452-66 -- Wendy L. Hansen (1990), 'The International Trade Commission and the Politics of Protectionism', American Political Science Review, 84 (1), March, 21-46 -- Michael P. Leidy (1997), 'Macroeconomic Conditions and Pressures for Protection Under Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws: Empirical Evidence from the United States', IMF Staff Papers, 44 (1), March, 132-44 -- Michael P. Gallaway, Bruce A. Blonigen and Joseph E. Flynn (1999), 'Welfare Costs of the U.S. Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws', Journal of International Economics, 49 (2), December, 211-44 -- John H. Jackson (1997), 'The Perplexities of Subsidies in International Trade', in The World Trading System: Law and Policy of International Economic Relations, Second Edition, Chapter 11, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 279-303, references -- Alan O. Sykes (2005), 'Subsidies and Countervailing Measures', in Patrick F.J. Macrory, Arthur E. Appleton and Michael G. Plummer (eds), The World Trade Organization: Legal, Economic and Political Analysis, Volume II, Chapter 41, New York, NY: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc., 83-107 -- Gilles Gauthier, Erin O'Brien and Susan Spencer (2000), 'Déjà Vu, or New Beginning for Safeguards and Subsidies Rules in Services Trade?', in Pierre Sauvé and Robert M. Stern (eds), GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade Liberalization, Chapter 7, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 165-83 -- Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (2002), 'Agricultural Export Subsidies', in The Economics of the World Trading System, Chapter 10, Cambridge, MA and London, UK: MIT Press, 163-80, references -- Dermot Leahy and J. Peter Neary (2009), 'Multilateral Subsidy Games', Economic Theory, 41 (1), 41-66 -- Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (2006), 'Will International Rules on Subsidies Disrupt the World Trading System?', American Economic Review, 96 (3), June, 877-95 -- Henrik Horn, Giovanni Maggi and Robert W. Staiger (2010), 'Trade Agreements as Endogenously Incomplete Contracts', American Economic Review, 100 (1), March, 394-419
    Note: The recommended readings are available in the print version, or may be available via the link to your library's holdings
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Osnago, Alberto Deep Trade Agreements and Vertical FDI: The Devil is in the Details
    Abstract: Recent data show that the institutional content of preferential trade agreements has evolved over time. Although pre-1990s preferential trade agreements mostly focused on tariff liberalization, recent agreements increasingly contain deep provisions in diverse areas, such as intellectual property rights, investment, and standards. At the same time, there has been a remarkable increase in the internationalization of production through foreign direct investment and outsourcing. This paper employs the Antras and Helpman (2008) model of contractual frictions and global sourcing to study how deep trade agreements affect the international organization of production. The paper constructs new measures of the depth of preferential trade agreements and of vertical foreign direct investment to test the theory. Consistent with the model, the analysis finds evidence that the depth of trade agreements is correlated with vertical foreign direct investment, and that this is driven by the provisions that improve the contractibility of inputs provided by suppliers, such as regulatory provisions. Because this implication of the model is specific to the so-called "property rights" theory of the multinational firm, the findings provide empirical support to this approach vis-a-vis alternative theories of firm boundaries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9253
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Espitia, Alvaro Covid-19 and Food Protectionism: The Impact of the Pandemic and Export Restrictions on World Food Markets
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the impact of Covid-19 and uncooperative trade policies on world food markets. It quantifies the initial shock due to the pandemic under the assumption that products that are more labor intensive in production are more affected through workers' morbidity and containment policies. It then estimates how escalating export restrictions to shield domestic food markets could magnify the initial shock. The analysis shows that, in the quarter following the outbreak of the pandemic, the global export supply of food could decrease between 6 and 20 percent and global prices increase between 2 and 6 percent on average. Escalating export restrictions would multiply the initial shock by a factor of 3, with world food prices rising by up to 18 percent on average. Import food dependent countries, which are in large majority developing and least developed countries, would be most affected
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Constantinescu, Cristina The Global Trade Slowdown: Cyclical or Structural?
    Abstract: This paper focuses on the sluggish growth of world trade relative to income growth in recent years. The analysis uses an empirical strategy based on an error correction model to assess whether the global trade slowdown is structural or cyclical
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Breinlich, Holger Machine Learning in International Trade Research: Evaluating the Impact of Trade Agreements
    Abstract: Modern trade agreements contain a large number of provisions in addition to tariff reductions, in areas as diverse as services trade, competition policy, trade-related investment measures, or public procurement. Existing research has struggled with overfitting and severe multicollinearity problems when trying to estimate the effects of these provisions on trade flows. Building on recent developments in the machine learning and variable selection literature, this paper proposes data-driven methods for selecting the most important provisions and quantifying their impact on trade flows, without the need of making ad hoc assumptions on how to aggregate individual provisions. The analysis finds that provisions related to antidumping, competition policy, technical barriers to trade, and trade facilitation are associated with enhancing the trade-increasing effect of trade agreements
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Freund, Caroline Natural Disasters and the Reshaping of Global Value Chains
    Abstract: To understand the longer term consequences of natural disasters for global value chains, this paper examines trade in the automobile and electronic sectors after the 2011 earthquake in Japan. Contrary to widespread expectations, the analysis shows that the shock did not lead to reshoring, nearshoring, or diversification; and trade in intermediate products was disrupted less than trade in final goods. Imports did shift to new suppliers, especially where dependence on Japan was greater. But production relocated to developing countries rather than to other top exporters. Despite important differences, the observed pattern of switching may be relevant to disasters like the COVID-19 pandemic
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9781464815393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (pages cm)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Deep trade agreements matter for economic development. The rules embedded in DTAs, along with the multilateral trade rules and other elements of international economic law influence how countries transact, invest, work, and, ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, environmental and labor rules contribute to social and environmental outcomes. It is, therefore, vital that rules and commitments in DTAs are informed by evidence and shaped more by development priorities than by international power dynamics or domestic politics. This Handbook presents detailed data on the content of the eighteen policy areas most frequently covered in PTAs, focusing on the stated objectives, substantive commitments, and other aspects such as transparency, procedures and enforcement. In terms of the coverage of policy areas and the granularity of information within each area, this is the most comprehensive effort up to date. Each chapter, authored by a leading expert in his or her field, explains in detail the methodology used to collect the information and provides a first look at the evidence in each policy area--
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