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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 shock : a firm-level perspective (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9506
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Cirera, Xavier Policies to Support Businesses through the COVID-19 Shock: A Firm-Level Perspective
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Firms ; Policies ; Uncertainty ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Relying on a novel dataset covering more than 120,000 firms in 60 countries, this paper con-tributes to the debate about D policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments around the world have implemented a wide range of policy support measures, evidence on the reach of these policies, the alignment of measures with firm needs, and their targeting and effectiveness remains scarce. This paper provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of these issues, focusing primarily on the developing economies. It shows that policy reach has been limited, especially for the more vulnerable firms and countries, and identifies mismatches between policies provided and policies most sought. It also provides some indicative evidence regarding mistargeting of policies and their effectiveness in addressing liquidity constraints and preventing layoffs. This assessment provides some early guidance to policymakers on tailoring their COVID-19 business support packages and points to new directions in data and research efforts needed to guide policy responses to the current pandemic and future crises
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9506
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unmasking the impact of COVID-19 on businesses : firm level evidence from across the world (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9434
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Apedo-Amah, Marie Christine Unmasking the Impact of COVID-19 on Businesses: Firm Level Evidence from across the World
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses worldwide with a focus on developing countries. The results are based on a novel data set collected by the World Bank Group and several partner institutions in 51 countries covering more than 100,000 businesses. The paper provides several stylized facts. First, the COVID-19 shock has been severe and widespread across firms, with persistent negative impact on sales. Second, the employment adjustment has operated mostly along the intensive margin (that is leave of absence and reduction in hours), with a small share of firms laying off workers. Third, smaller firms are disproportionately facing greater financial constraints. Fourth, firms are increasingly relying on digital solutions as a response to the shock. Fifth, there is great uncertainty about the future, especially among firms that have experienced a larger drop in sales, which is associated with job losses. These findings provide a better understanding of the magnitude and distribution of the shock, the main channels affecting businesses, and how firms are adjusting. The paper concludes by discussing some avenues for future research
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9434
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Productivity and Innovation in the Czech Republic : A Firm-Level Perspective (2019)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: Convergence of productivity of Czech firms towards peer countries is slow, especially for smaller firms. Czech labor productivity was 68.3 of that in Germany and the productivity gap is in particular large for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs (defined as having less than 250 employees) form the backbone of the Czech economy, accounting for 67.3percent of total employment and 55.2 percent of value added (at factor cost) but face weak innovation demand and an unfavorable position in global value chains. The Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT) is developing a new Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Strategy and Implementation Plan for the period 2021-202no7 to boost firm productivity and competitiveness of domestic SMEs. MIT has requested support from the European Commission under Regulation (EU) 2017/825 on the establishment of the Structural Reform Support Programme ("SRSP Regulation"). The request has been analyzed by the European Commission in accordance with the criteria and principles referred to in Article 7(2) of the SRSP Regulation, following which the European Commission has agreed to provide technical support to the Czech Republic, together with the World Bank, to conduct analytical work on the status of SMEs
    DOI: 10.1596/33084
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hafod and lluest: the summering of Cattle and upland settlement in Wales / (1985)
    Cardiff : Welsh Folk Museum
    Details
    Pages: 22 S.
    Keywords: Wales ; Viehzucht ; Land- und Viehwirtschaft, Waldwirtschaft, Gartenbau ; Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Forestry, Horticulture ; L'agriculture, l'élevage, l'exploitation forestière et le maraîchage
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Welsh rural communities (1960)
    Cardiff : University of Wales Press
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 254 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    DDC: 309.1429
    RVK:
    LB 74190
    Keywords: Engeland; lokale en regionale geschiedenis; Wales, Hebriden, Orkney etc., Welsh nationalisme ; Great Britain; local and regional history; various regions including Hebrides, Orkney, Wales and Welsh nationalism ; Wales Rural conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographies
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    Book
    BVB
  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Welsh rural communities (1962)
    Cardiff : Univ. of Wales Press
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: XI, 254 S.
    Edition: 2. Aufl.
    RVK:
    LB 74190
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    Book
    KOBV
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Services-Led Growth : Better Prospects after the Pandemic? (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nayyar, Gaurav Services-Led Growth: Better Prospects after the Pandemic?
    Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Service Sector ; Digitalization ; Emerging Market Growth ; Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Market Access Policy ; Offshoring Services ; Service Sector
    Abstract: The service sector accounted for two-thirds of economic growth in emerging market and developing economies over the past three decades. It consists of a wide range of activities, ranging from high-skilled offshorable services, such as information and communications technology (ICT) and professional services, to low-skilled "contact" services, such as retail and hospitality. The pandemic disrupted many low-skilled contact services that typically require face-to-face interactions between providers and consumers. High-skilled offshorable services were the least affected owing to the use of digital technology that enabled remote delivery. Increased digitalization has improved prospects for scale economies and innovation in the service sector that were previously constrained by the need for physical proximity and the lack of opportunities to augment labor with capital. Policies to support the diffusion of digital technologies could therefore further raise the growth potential of the service sector. Policies to improve market access for, and skills in, ICT and professional services could ease important constraints on growth opportunities in these high-skilled offshorable services that have best withstood the pandemic. The same holds true for policies, including regulatory reforms, that promote investment in low-skilled contact services, such as transportation, which have important linkages with the wider economy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10382
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Training Microentrepreneurs over Zoom : Experimental Evidence from Mexico (2023)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Davies, Elwyn Training Microentrepreneurs over Zoom: Experimental Evidence from Mexico
    Keywords: Adult Remote Learning ; Business Training ; Digital Delivery ; Educational Sciences ; Microenterprises ; Private Sector Development ; Remote Skill Training Effectiveness ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Standard in-person business training programs are costly and difficult to scale to the millions of microenterprises in the developing world. The authors conducted an experiment to test the feasibility, cost-savings, and impact of delivering live training sessions over Zoom to microentrepreneurs in Mexico and Guatemala. This paper demonstrates that it is now feasible to recruit and train self-employed women online, covering a wide geographic area, with few technology issues. However, the cost savings over in-person classes are less than expected. Training improved business practices and performance over two months, but the impacts had dissipated within six months
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10574
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Firm Capabilities Holding Back Firms in Mozambique? (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Aga, Gemechu Are Firm Capabilities Holding Back Firms in Mozambique?
    Abstract: Firm capabilities-the abilities and practices to operate and innovate-are considered important drivers of firm performance. While the analysis of their importance is well established in developed countries, its study in the African context is more recent. The paper uses a new representative sample of enterprises in Mozambique comprising data on management and organizational practices, as well as skills, to study the importance of firm capabilities in Mozambique. The analysis suggests that the private sector in Mozambique scores below other developing countries in all dimensions of firm capabilities. Enterprises engaging in more contractual relationships demonstrate stronger firm capabilities. Firm capabilities are key drivers of performance; controlling for other input factors, firms in Mozambique with better firm capabilities perform better. The relationship is robust to various measures of performance and to including various firm and manager characteristics. The analysis finds that for smaller firms, non-exporters, and female-owned enterprises, their gap in business performance can be explained by differences in management practices. The results suggest Mozambique should explore mechanisms of expanding firm capabilities in targeted types of firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9724
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informal Firms in Mozambique : Status and Potential (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Aga, Gemechu Informal Firms in Mozambique: Status and Potential
    Abstract: In most countries in Africa, the informal sector is large and exhibits low levels of productivity compared to the formal economy: informal firms are typically small, inefficient, and run by entrepreneurs with low levels of education. This paper presents novel representative firm-level data collected on informal firms in the three largest cities of Mozambique, as well as data of microenterprises, formally registered businesses with less than 5 employees, the segment of the private sector that compares best to informal firms. Compared to formal microenterprises, informal firms sell about 14 times less, make 17 times lower profits and are 2-3 times less productive. Almost two-thirds (61 percent) of these performance gaps can be explained by differences in firm characteristics: informal firms are smaller and have limited skills, adapt fewer good business practices, use less capital and production inputs and are less likely to have access to finance. The rest of the productivity gap is explained by differential returns. Despite this "duality" between formality and informality, there is nevertheless a small but significant group of informal enterprises (7.6 percent of informal firms, representing 10.6 percent of employment in the informal sector) that in their characteristics and productivity levels are similar to formal microenterprises. Policies should take this heterogeneity into account
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9712
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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