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  • 2005-2009  (4.026)
  • 1995-1999  (1.389)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (4.909)
  • London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Discourse and Struggle in Minority Language Policy Formation : Corsican Language Policy in the EU Context of Governance (2009)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780230583986
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (295 pages)
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities Ser.
    DDC: 306.44/94499
    RVK:
    ID 1655
    Schlagwort(e): Europäische Union ; Sprachpolitik ; Language policy -- France -- Corsica (Region) ; Corsican language -- Political aspects ; Language policy -- European Union countries ; Korsika ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The author presents a new approach to the study of language policy, by focusing on language policy formation and implementation as a dynamic, conflict-laden process involving the interaction of various actors with different motivations and uneven bargaining powers, rather than as a product , examinable post hoc from existing language legislation.
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
    HeBIS
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Guidance Manual for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Recoverable Wastes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060753
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (104 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This Guidance Manual includes detailed explanations on how to implement the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended; copies of the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL (Annex A), including Appendices 3 and 4, and Appendix 8 which have been amended by C(2008)156; the updated consolidated lists of waste subject to the Green and Amber control procedures (Annexes B and C); other relevant information to facilitate the implementation of the OECD Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, such as applicable international transport agreements and a sample contract; and queries of the interactive database aiming to facilitate the paperwork of all parties involved in transboundary movements of wastes by providing the necessary information to complete the forms for the notification and movement documents. The database includes the information required by the Decision C(2001)107/FINAL, as amended and some practical information for each OECD member country (http://www2.oecd.org/waste).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060753-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Take the Test : Sample Questions from OECD's PISA Assessments (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050815-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Productivity Measurement and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044616
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (554 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Productivity measurement and analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Produktivität ; Arbeitsproduktivität ; Messung ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Konferenzschrift ; Produktivität ; Produktivitätsmessung ; Produktivitätszuwachs
    Kurzfassung: Productivity measurement and analysis are the main topics addressed in this book, which brings together contributions presented and discussed in two international workshops organized by the Statistics Directorate and the Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) of the OECD. The first workshop was organised jointly by the OECD with Fundaccion BBVA and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas and held in Madrid in October 2005, and the second one was organized jointly by the OECD and the Swiss Federal Statistical Office and the State Secretary for Economic Affairs of Switzerland and held in Bern in October 2006. The two workshops brought together representatives of statistical offices, central banks and other branches of government in OECD countries that are engaged in the analysis and the measurement of productivity developments at aggregate and industry levels.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044616-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Test No. 436: Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Toxic Class Method (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076037
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 ; Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation - Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The method described by this Test Guideline provides information that allows hazard assessment for short-term exposure to a test article by inhalation, and allows the substance to be classified according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The test method is based on a stepwise procedure, each step using 3 animals of each sex (the preferred species is rat). Animals are exposed in inhalation chambers to a pre-defined concentration for 4 hours. Absence or presence of compound-related mortality of the animals at one step will determine the next step. Animals in severe pain or distress should be humanely killed. The starting concentration is selected from one of four fixed levels corresponding to GHS categories 1-4 for gases, vapours or aerosols. Animals are observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity for a total of at least 14 days. Animals' body weights should be determined at least weekly. All the animals should be subjected to gross necropsy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076037-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Patent Statistics Manual (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056442
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (158 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manuel de l'OCDE sur les statistiques des brevets
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Manual de estadísticas de patentes de la OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD patent statistics manual
    RVK:
    QP 215
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Schlagwort(e): Patent ; Datenerhebung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Anleitung ; Patent ; Statistik
    Kurzfassung: This 2009 edition of the OECD Patent Statistics Manual takes stock of the recent developments in the field. It provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order to maximise information on S&T activities while minimising statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent data can be used in the analysis of a wide array of topics related to technical change and patenting activity including industry-science linkages, patenting strategies by companies, internationalisation of research, and indicators on the value of patents.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056442-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Minority Languages, Education and Communities in China (2009)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK | Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest
    Details
    ISBN: 9780230234406
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (254 pages)
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities Ser.
    DDC: 306.44951
    Schlagwort(e): Nationale Minderheit ; Sprachpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Linguistic minorities -- China ; Language and education -- China ; Language policy -- China ; China ; Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: The book outlines the evolution and role of minority languages locally and nationally; it investigates current educational language policies in minority areas; and it assesses the social and economic outcomes of language change for communities in contemporary China.
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Palgrave dictionary of transnational history : from the mid-19th century to the present day (2009)
    London : Palgrave Macmillan UK
    Details
    ISBN: 9781349740307
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (1226 Seiten)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Iriye, A The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History : From the mid-19th century to the present day
    DDC: 304.8203
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic books
    Kurzfassung: Pages:1 to 63 -- Pages:64 to 126 -- Pages:127 to 189 -- Pages:190 to 252 -- Pages:253 to 315 -- Pages:316 to 378 -- Pages:379 to 441 -- Pages:442 to 504 -- Pages:505 to 567 -- Pages:568 to 630 -- Pages:631 to 693 -- Pages:694 to 756 -- Pages:757 to 819 -- Pages:820 to 882 -- Pages:883 to 945 -- Pages:946 to 1008 -- Pages:1009 to 1071 -- Pages:1072 to 1134 -- Pages:1135 to 1197 -- Pages:1198 to 1260 -- Pages:1261 to 1267
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Money Laundering through the Football Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073579
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This report is based on four main sources: an extensive literature review, the analysis of theanswers to a questionnaire sent to FATF and FSRB members; the results of a typology workshop andsubsequent consultation with the football sector. Results to the questionnaire were obtained in October 2008 from 25 countries, mostly European,seven South-American countries, two from Asia and Australia. The responding countries differ widely insize, role and organisation of football in society (ranging from large countries with big football leagues tosmaller nations or nations with only non-professional football). Differences in information, position andinterest in the person or organisation that provided the answers (national football association, governmentrepresentatives, national FIUs, the police or judicial authorities) needed to be taken into consideration aswell.Following the analysis of questionnaires, a workshop on money laundering and the footballsector was held in Monaco in November 2008 as part of the 2008 FATF/MONEYVAL Typologiesmeeting. This workshop was very well supported by members of the FATF, MONEYVAL andrepresentatives of other countries. The following participants were involved in the 2-day breakout sessionwhich considered issues in depth: Belgium, Brazil, Cyprus, Egmont Group, France, International OlympicCommittee (IOC), Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Norway, Russia, Slovenia, South Africa, Switzerland, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom.The study has also relied on the experience and cooperation of the private sector. Arepresentative of the IOC attended the Monaco workshop in November 2008. Consultation withrepresentatives of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and of the Union ofEuropean Football Associations (UEFA) also took place in January and April 2009. Those representativesreceived a copy of the report and were given the opportunity to comment. All the comments of the private sector were taken into account when considered relevant.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073579-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    The Changing Boundaries of Social Enterprises (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055513
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (274 p.)
    Serie: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als The changing boundaries of social enterprises
    RVK:
    QR 400
    Schlagwort(e): Nonprofit-Organisation ; Sozialwirtschaft ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entrepreneurship ; Nonprofit-Organisation
    Kurzfassung: Social enterprises are entering a new phase of consolidation after overcoming various challenges over the last 10 years in their efforts to foster sustainable local development, help create local wealth and jobs, and fight social exclusion. This book contains recommendations for national and local policy makers and presents a set of international best practices based on new legislation that has been enacted, novel frontiers that have opened up, and support and financial tools that have been developed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055513-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Améliorer les dispositifs d'incitation dans les organismes donneurs (Première édition) : Bonnes pratiques et outil d'auto-évaluation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059825
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Ausgabe: Première édition
    Serie: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition); Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition): Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Ratgeber ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Selbstevaluation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Kurzfassung: En vertu de la Déclaration de Paris, les donneurs et les pays partenaires ont pris un certain nombre d’engagements auprès des décideurs et des agents des organismes d'aide. Ils se sont notamment engagés à réformer les procédures et à multiplier les incitations à leur intention afin de favoriser l'harmonisation, l'alignement et le ciblage sur les résultats. Ceci s’applique aussi bien aux domaines du recrutement et de l'évaluation qu’à celui de la formation. Cette promesse reposait sur une reconnaissance du fait que les changements de comportement indispensables ne se produiraient pas de façon automatique car un certain nombre de coûts, d’ordre institutionnel, financier et politique, sont associés, au départ et sur le long terme, à une modification du comportement des donneurs et des partenaires. L’importance de dispositifs d’incitation adéquats pour pousser les gestionnaires et responsables – et, plus essentiel encore, les dirigeants politiques – à opérer les changements nécessaires a été soulignée dans plusieurs pays partenaires couverts par l’Évaluation de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris. À l’évidence, une transformation radicale des incitations appelle une ferme impulsion des sphères politiques, appuyée par des pressions des cercles informés dans les pays partenaires et donneurs. Cette publication contribue à répondre à cette nécessité en fournissant aux organismes donneurs des conseils sur les moyens d’améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide. Elle les aidera à répertorier les points forts, les points faibles et les lacunes de leurs dispositifs d’incitation pour ce qui est de la promotion de l’efficacité de l’aide.
    Anmerkung: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Improving incentives in donor agencies : good practice and self-assessment tool
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059825-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et lÉtat (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Ausgabe: 2009
    Serie: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: China 2009: Defining the Boundary between the Market and the State
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059443-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Medición del capital - Manual OCDE 2009 : Segunda edición (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043695
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Ausgabe: Segunda edición
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009; Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 ; Deuxième édition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Measuring Capital - OECD Manual 2009: Second edition
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mesure du capital - Manuel de l'OCDE 2009 : Deuxième édition
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: El capital –en particular el de tipo físico– juega varios roles en la vida económica: este constituye riqueza y provee de servicios en el proceso de producción. El capital es invertido, desinvertido y se deprecia llegando a ser obsoleto, y existe una cuestión de cómo medir todas estas dimensiones del capital en la industria y en las cuentas nacionales. El Manual del Capital revisado es la primera guía comprehensiva para los enfoques hacia la medición del capital. Este está dirigido a estadísticos, investigadores y analistas, y trata de dar asesoría práctica, mientras que provee una estructura teórica y un resumen de la literatura relevante. El Manual se presenta en tres partes –una primera parte–, con una descripción no técnica de los principales conceptos y de los pasos necesarios para la medición del capital; una segunda parte, dirigida a la implementación y una tercera parte, describiendo la teoría con una formulación matemática más completa del proceso de medición.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043695-es
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 509 : Essais au champ de plantes cultivées (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076471
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 5
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 509; Crop Field Trial
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 509: Crop Field Trial
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Les essais au champ de plantes cultivées ont pour objet de déterminer la quantité de résidus de pesticides présents sur ou dans les produits agricoles bruts, y compris dans les aliments pour animaux. Ils doivent pouvoir mettre en évidence les modes d’utilisation des pesticides qui conduisent à la teneur en résidus maximale. Les essais au champ visent à (1) quantifier la teneur en résidu(s) à laquelle s’attendre après un traitement conforme aux bonnes pratiques agricoles en vigueur ou proposées; (2) déterminer, le cas échéant, le taux de dissipation du ou des résidus de produits phytosanitaires dans les cultures considérées; (3) déterminer des paramètres telles que la « valeur médiane des résidus en essais contrôlés » ou la « valeur de résidu la plus élevée », afin d’évaluer les risques alimentaires; enfin, (4) en déduire les limites maximales de résidus (LMR). La présente ligne directrice pour les essais au champ de plantes cultivées exige un échantillon provenant de parcelles traitées à chaque intervalle d’échantillonnage pour les cultures qui font l’objet de huit essais ou plus. La ou les substances d’essai sont stockées dans des conditions adaptées pendant la durée de l’étude et appliquées rapidement après leur préparation ou leur mélange. La substance d’essai n’est pas appliquée en cas de fort vent, de pluie, ou si des précipitations sont attendues peu après l’application. Pour chaque traitement, le taux d’application est exprimé en quantité de produit et/ou d’ingrédient actif par unité de surface. A la fin de chaque essai au champ de plantes cultivées, les échantillons (entreposés) sont analysés pour mesurer leur teneur en résidu (exprimée par example en mg/kg).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076471-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 15
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    Online-Ressource
    Evaluation of Agricultural Policy Reforms in Japan (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061545
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (123 p)
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: The report looks at the evolution of Japanese agricultural policy over the last several decades, but maintains its analytical focus on policies currently in place. In addition to reporting a wide variety of statistics, much of which were provided by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), use was made of the OECD PSE/CSE database and the OECD Policy Evaluation Model (PEM) for some of the analytical work.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061545-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    OECD Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264081857
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Taxation
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the present Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners is to assist countries in making their tax examiners aware of the various bribery techniques used as well as giving them the tools to detect and identify bribes of foreign public officials and bribes to public officials in the domestic context. Countries may wish to use this Handbook and provide it to their tax officials in the context of their training programmes. Countries may also wish to use it to design their own Handbook that could enable them to incorporate their specific circumstances. For that purpose the Handbook identifies where countryspecific information can be added. The Handbook may also be used as a checklist during tax examinations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264081857-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Enquête 2008 de suivi de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris : Rendre l'aide plus efficace d'ici 2010 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050853
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Serie: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration; Making Aid More Effective by 2010
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. 2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration: Making Aid More Effective by 2010
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport d’enquête apporte des éléments de réponse à la dernière enquête de suivi de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris et évalue les progrès accomplis dans 55 pays partenaires. Il permet de comprendre en quoi il est difficile d’accroître l’efficacité de l’aide au développement. À moins d’intensifier considérablement leurs efforts, les pays partenaires et les bailleurs de fonds ne réussiront pas à tenir les engagements internationaux et objectifs-cibles auxquels ils ont souscrit en vue de rendre l’aide efficace d’ici 2010. Il faut agir maintenant. Ce rapport formule trois recommandations d’action à haut niveau qui contribueront à accélérer le processus et à faire de la relation d’aide un véritable partenariat.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050853-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 18
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    Online-Ressource
    Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076266
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 231; Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de métamorphose des amphibiens dans le but de dépister certaines substances pouvant intérférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-thyroidien. L’essai a été validé sur le xénope (Xenopus laevis) qui est donc l’espèce recommandée dans la présente Ligne directrice. L’essai fait usage de trois niveaux de concentrations du produit chimique testé, ainsi que des témoins nécessaires, y compris un témoin-solvant au besoin. L’essai commence avec des têtards au stade de développement 51 sur l’échelle de Nieuwkoop et Faber, et s’étend sur une durée de 21 jours. Quatre cuves répliquats sont utilisés à chaque niveaux de traitement et pour le(s) témoin(s). Après 7 jours d’exposition, un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement et du(des) témoin(s) est échantillonné pour mesurer la longueur du membre antérieur. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, le stade de développement, la longueur museau-cloaque et la longueur du membre antérieur sont mesurés chez tous les têtards restants. Un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement, y compris du témoin, est fixé (in toto ou disséqué) pour l’évaluation histopathologique de la glande thyroide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076266-fr
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  • 19
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    Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 : política y práctica (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074026
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 ; Politiques et pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 : Politiques et pratiques
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: A medida que los países se esfuerzan por reformar sus sistemas educativos y mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes, el liderazgo escolar se ha convertido en una prioridad de política educativa. Pero en muchos países, los hombres y mujeres que dirigen las escuelas están sobrecargados de trabajo, reciben salarios bajos y se acercan a su retiro. Y hay pocas personas que aspiran a ser los futuros directores escolares. ¿Cuáles son las funciones de dirección más eficaces para mejorar el aprendizaje de los alumnos? ¿Cómo asignar y distribuir mejor las distintas tareas de liderazgo? ¿Cómo desarrollar las habilidades apropiadas para un liderazgo eficaz? ¿Cómo hacer la profesión atractiva para candidatos de alta calidad? Este libro está basado en un estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y prácticas de liderazgo escolar en el mundo. Ofrece una valiosa perspectiva internacional, identifica cuatro áreas específicas de acción y una gama de opciones de política educativa para ayudar a los gobiernos a mejorar el liderazgo escolar ahora y desarrollar un liderazgo escolar sostenible para el futuro. Volúmenes complementarios Improving School Leadership Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership examina métodos innovadores para compartir el liderazgo entre las escuelas de Bélgica (Flandes), Finlandia y el Reino Unido (Inglaterra), así como los programas de desarrollo de liderazgo para la mejora del sistema en Australia y Austria. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar: herramientas de trabajo está diseñado para apoyar a los encargados de política educativa y a los practicantes en la planificación de procesos de reforma para escuelas y sistemas educativos en su contexto nacional. El liderazgo escolar eficaz es considerado como clave para la reforma educativa en el mundo. Estos libros serán de interés para encargados de política educativa, consejos escolares, administradores escolares, directores, maestros y padres de familia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074026-es
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  • 20
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    Technology Roadmap: Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Serie: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088177-en
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  • 21
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    The Control and Management of Government Expenditure (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076822-en
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  • 22
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    Le point sur les coûts des échanges : Le transport maritime et son effet sur les échanges (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Clarifying Trade Costs: Maritime Transport and its Effect on Agricultural Trade
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: Les coûts du transport maritime ont un effet significatif sur les échanges de biens agricoles. Ces coûts représentent une proportion élevée de la valeur des produits agricoles importés, 10% en moyenne, ce qui est un niveau similaire à celui des barrières douanières agricoles. Cette étude montre que le doublement du coût d’expédition est associé à une diminution de 42% en moyenne des échanges pour l’ensemble des biens agricoles. La tentation de se procurer les biens importés dans les pays à faibles coûts de transport est donc forte. Les échanges de certains produits sont particulièrement affectés par les évolutions des coûts de transport maritime, en particulier les céréales et les oléagineux qui sont expédiés en vrac. Le temps de transit a également un effet marqué sur le commerce : un jour supplémentaire passé en mer par rapport à un voyage d’une durée moyenne de 20 jours implique une diminution des échanges de 4,5% entre deux pays partenaires. Les coûts de transport et l’efficience pour amener les produits agricoles vers le marché de destination sont ainsi des facteurs explicatifs importants des flux commerciaux.
    DOI: 10.1787/218843212846
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  • 23
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    Empowering Variable Renewables Options for Flexible Electricity Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077201
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: A number of renewable electricity technologies, such as wind, wave, tidal, solar, and run-of-river hydro share a characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional power plants: their output varies according to the availability of the resource. This is commonly perceived to be challenging at high shares, but there is no intrinsic, technical ceiling to variable renewables’ potential. Variability has to be looked at in the context of power system flexibility: if a power system is sufficiently flexible, in terms of power production, load management, interconnection and storage, the importance of the variability aspect is reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077201-en
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  • 24
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    Revue économique de l'OCDE : Volume 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264053656
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal; Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Ce numero de la Revue économique de l'OCDE comprend des articles sur services assurés par les pouvoirs publics et distribution des ressources économiques des ménages, améliorer l’efficacité des dépenses de santé et les politiques structurelles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-fr
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  • 25
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    Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061996
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Energy
    Kurzfassung: Electricity production is responsible for 32% of total global fossil fuel use, accounting for 132 EJ, and 41%, or 10.9 Gt of energy-related CO2 emissions. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers economic benefits and a significant opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which helps to combat climate change and improve energy security.A set of indicators has been developed to analyse the energy efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels on a global level and for a number of key countries and regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061996-en
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  • 26
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    Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060333
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (72 p)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Kurzfassung: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales constituent le plus complet des instruments qui existent aujourd’hui concernant la responsabilité des entreprises et bénéficiant de l’appui des pouvoirs publics. Les gouvernements adhérents – représentant toutes les régions du monde et 85 pourcent de l’investissement direct étranger – se sont engagés à encourager les entreprises opérant sur leur territoire à respecter, partout où elles exercent leurs activités, un ensemble de principes et de normes largement reconnus qui visent à assurer de leur part un comportement responsable. Ce livret comprend le texte, les procédures de mise en œuvre et les commentaires adoptés en juin 2000, à l’occasion de la révision la plus récente des Principes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060333-fr
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  • 27
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    Les migrants et l'emploi (Vol. 2) : L'intégration sur le marché du travail en Belgique, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Portugal (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055711
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (370 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2); Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 2): Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; France ; Netherlands ; Portugal
    Kurzfassung: Lorsque des immigrants arrivent dans un pays, ils sont confrontés à un marché du travail peu connu qui a ses propres exigences. Avoir une bonne maîtrise de la langue du pays hôte et une bonne connaissance des procédures de recherche d’emploi et du fonctionnement du marché du travail sont autant d’atouts qu’ils n’ont pas forcément. Les nouveaux immigrants ne sont pas les seuls à rencontrer ces difficultés, il en va de même pour leurs enfants même s’ils sont nés et ont été scolarisés dans le pays d’accueil. Cet ouvrage examine l’intégration sur le marché du travail des immigrés et de leurs enfants dans quatre pays de l’OCDE (Belgique, France, Pays-Bas et Portugal), et formule des recommandations propres à chacun de ces pays. Les pouvoirs publics se doivent de promouvoir l’enseignement des langues et la formation professionnelle, et d’encourager la diversité au travail. Pour leur part, les immigrés doivent accepter les exigences des employeurs des pays d’accueil. La viabilité des futures politiques migratoires et le recours accru à l’immigration dépendent en grande partie de l’aptitude des pays de l’OCDE et des immigrés à réaliser ces objectifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055711-fr
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  • 28
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    La croissance verte : La crise et au-delà (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083646
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Green Growth; Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Green Growth: Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Dans le contexte du développement durable, les ressources naturelles et les services écosystémiques fournis par l’environnement sont essentiels à la croissance économique, au bien-être social et à la santé humaine. L’inaction face aux grands problèmes d’environnement comme le changement climatique pourrait être à terme lourde de conséquences économiques. Il importe que les mesures prises aujourd’hui par les gouvernements pour parer à la crise économique soient conçues de manière à favoriser à l’avenir – ou du moins à ne pas compromettre – une croissance durable et respectueuse de l’environnement sur le long terme.Le présent document de réflexion met en évidence des exemples de mesures qu’adoptent d’ores et déjà les gouvernements pour inscrire leurs stratégies de redressement économique dans une perspective plus « verte », et certains des grands enjeux qu’ils pourraient juger utile d’étudier plus avant concernant l’impact de ces stratégies sur l’environnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083646-fr
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  • 29
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    La OCDE en cifras 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074040
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Die OECD in Zahlen 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Die OECD in Zahlen 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: L'OCDE en chiffres 2009
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: OECD in Figures 2009
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074040-es
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  • 30
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    Test No. 438: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 438 ; Méthode d'essai sur œil de poulet isolé pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour les yeux
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Essai n 438: Méthode d'essai sur œil de poulet isolé pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour les yeux
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: The Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test method is an in vitro test method that can be used to classify substances as “ocular corrosives and severe irritants”. The ICE method uses eyes collected from chickens obtained from slaughterhouses where they are killed for human consumption, thus eliminating the need for laboratory animals. The eye is enucleated and mounted in an eye holder with the cornea positioned horizontally. The test substance and negative/positive controls are applied to the cornea. Toxic effects to the cornea are measured by a qualitative assessment of opacity, a qualitative assessment of damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention, a quantitative measurement of increased thickness (swelling), and a qualitative evaluation of macroscopic morphological damage to the surface. The endpoints are evaluated separately to generate an ICE class for each endpoint, which are then combined to generate an Irritancy Classification for each test substance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076310-en
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  • 31
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    Investment Risk and Pensions : Impact on Individual Retirement Incomes and Government Budgets (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.87
    DOI: 10.1787/224005547774
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  • 32
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    Stabilization Effects of Social Spending : Empirical Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries Overcoming the Financial Crisis in the United States (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.675
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United States
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to assess the ability of social spending to smooth output shocks and to provide stabilization. The results show that overall social spending is able to smooth about 16 percent of a shock to GDP. Among its subcategories, social spending devoted to Old Age and Unemployment are those that contribute more to provide smoothing. Moreover, the stabilization effects of social spending are significantly larger in those countries where the size of social spending is higher. The empirical results are economically and statistically significant and robust.
    DOI: 10.1787/226428280228
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  • 33
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    Policy Responses to the Economic Crisis : Investing in Innovation for Long-Term Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.159
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The OECD is developing a strategic response to the crisis focusing on two priority areas: finance, competition and governance; and restoring long-term growth. As part of this strategic response, the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry (DSTI) has analysed the likely impact of the downturn on the drivers of long term economic growth and the innovation-related items in policy responses of major countries. Special workshops and sessions on the economic crisis were held by the Committee for Innovation, Industry and Entrepreneurship, the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy, and the Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy. In January 2009, the OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry circulated a questionnaire to member countries to collect information on specific innovation-related items of their stimulus packages. By May 2009, 27 member countries, all five OECD accession countries (Chile, Estonia, Israel, Russia and Slovenia) and South Africa had answered the questionnaire. In May 2009, the three OECD Committees recommended to make public, under their responsibility, this updated version. This report presents the results of this exercise: the first chapter reports the general analysis of the impact of the crisis and the appropriate policy responses, and the second chapter reviews current national responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/222138024482
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  • 34
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    Pension Schemes for the Self-Employed in OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.84
    DOI: 10.1787/224535827846
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  • 35
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    Mobile Broadband : Pricing and Services (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.161
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Although, the number of OECD countries that publish data on the number of mobile broadband subscribers is not large, growth is significant in markets where data are available. This paper provides an overview of prices, speeds and data caps of mobile broadband services. 99 and 58 operators in OECD countries are providing USB modem based and handset based services respectively with WCDMA/ CDMA-2000 technologies, while 4 are providing mobile broadband access with WiMAX technologies. The data show that there is a wide range of subscriptions available but with considerable variation between and within countries. Differences are most pronounced in countries where mobile broadband is in its infancy. The number of new mobile terminals and USB modems on the market is stimulating much wider use of mobile broadband by consumers. Prices, as well as caps, need to be adjusted for the consumer market which is more price-sensitive.
    DOI: 10.1787/222123470032
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  • 36
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Netherlands 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264043404
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive review analyses the energy challenges facing the Netherlands in 2008 and provides critiques and recommendations for further policy improvements. It urges the government to provide policy continuity – such as in promotion regimes for renewable energy – to underpin a sustainable investment climate. It also highlights the need for closer co-ordination among national, regional and local authorities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264043404-en
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  • 37
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    Long-Run GDP Growth Framework and Scenarios for the World Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.663
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper develops and applies a simple “conditional growth” framework to make long-term GDP projections for the world economy, taking as a starting point recent empirical evidence about the importance of total factor productivity and human capital in explaining current cross-country disparities in GDP per capita levels. Other distinct features of the projection framework include human capital projections by cohorts and implicit allowance for the impact of ageing and potential labour market and pension reforms on future growth in employment levels. In the baseline projection, world GDP would grow in PPP terms by about 3 ¾ % per year on average over the period 2005-2050. When expressed in constant market exchange rates, taking into account future Balassa-Samuelson effects, this projection falls roughly in the middle of the range of long-run scenarios recently developed in the context of greenhouse gas emission projections. The sensitivity of the projection to total factor productivity and population growth assumptions is significant, however, and compounds with deeper sources of uncertainty such as model and parameter uncertainty.
    DOI: 10.1787/227205684023
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  • 38
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    OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform: China 2009 : Defining the Boundary between the Market and the State (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059429
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Chine 2009 ; Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Chine 2009 : Définir la frontière entre le marché et l'État
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als China
    DDC: 330.951
    RVK:
    QG 860
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Reformpolitik ; Systemtransformation ; Demokratisierung ; Governance ; China ; China ; Regulierung
    Kurzfassung: China has made enormous progress in developing the modern legal and regulatory foundation for the market economy. The private sector is now the main driver of growth, and new laws have gone a long way toward establishing private property rights, competition, and mechanisms for entry and exit comparable to those of many OECD countries. At the same time important challenges remain, including further clarification of the scope of state ownership, reform of relations among central and local governments, firmer establishment of the rule of law, and strengthening of regulatory institutions and processes. This review of China's regulatory system focuses on the overall economic context for regulatory reform, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. The review also examines the regulatory framework in the electricity, water and health care sectors. As for OECD countries, the review follows a multidisciplinary and highly interactive approach. A number of OECD instruments and policies are used in this assessment, although the review also takes into account the specific challenges faced by the Chinese authorities. The review includes a comprehensive set of policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059429-en
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  • 39
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    Mehr Ungleichheit trotz Wachstum? : Einkommensverteilung und Armut in OECD-Ländern (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049147
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (318 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?; Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités ; Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Croissance et inégalités : Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Hat die Einkommensungleichheit im Zeitverlauf zugenommen? Wer sind die Gewinner und wer die Verlierer in diesem Prozess? Sind alle OECD-Länder gleichermaßen von dieser Entwicklung betroffen? Inwieweit sind stärkere Einkommensungleichheiten die Folge größerer Disparitäten bei den persönlichen Erwerbseinkommen der Arbeitnehmer, und welche Rolle spielen dabei andere Faktoren? Wie wirkt sich schließlich die staatliche Umverteilung durch Steuer- und Transfersysteme auf diese Trends aus?Dieser Bericht liefert Befunde dafür, dass die Einkommensungleichheit während der letzten 20 Jahre in den OECD-Ländern fast überall zugenommen hat. Die Publikation enthält eine Reihe von Analysen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen in den OECD-Ländern. Die Daten über Einkommensverteilung und Armut erstrecken sich zum ersten Mal auf alle 30 OECD-Länder zum Stand von Mitte der 2000er Jahre, während bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre zurückreichende Informationen über Trendentwicklungen für rund zwei Drittel der Länder vorliegen. Der Bericht beschreibt zudem Ungleichheiten in einer Reihe von Bereichen (wie Vermögen der privaten Haushalte, Konsumgewohnheiten, öffentliche Sachleistungen), die bei den herkömmlichen Diskussionen über die Verteilung der wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen unter Einzelpersonen und Haushalten in der Regel außer Acht gelassen werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049147-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 40
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Mexico 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075993
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Mexico
    Kurzfassung: Over the past decade, Mexico has made significant progress towards macroeconomic stability and has undertaken important structural reforms to further open the economy to trade and investment, and improve the functioning of markets for goods and services. However, potential gross domestic product (GDP) growth remains much too low to reduce widespread poverty and bridge the wide gap in living standards with wealthier OECD countries. One important reason for this is that Mexico has been slower than those in many competing newly industrialising economies to realise the importance of investment in innovation as a driver of growth and competitiveness. This book assesses the current status of Mexico’s innovation system and policies, and identifies where and how the government should focus its efforts to improve the country’s innovation capabilities.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075993-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 41
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    Sector Specific Sources of Competitiveness in the Western Balkans : Recommendation for a Regional Investment Strategy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055698
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (229 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Sector specific sources of competitiveness in the Western Balkans
    RVK:
    QG 490
    Schlagwort(e): Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Branche ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Industry and Services ; Südosteuropa ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Investitionspolitik
    Kurzfassung: The Western Balkan region benefits from a cost-competitive labour force and geographic and cultural proximity to EU markets. However, cost competitiveness as a source of differentiation is not sustainable. Cost levels are increasing gradually in some sectors, reducing firms’ profitability. In order to sustain competitiveness, the Western Balkans needs to move up the value chain, from investing in automated technology to producing higher-quality goods and enhancing its human capital. This report examines the apparel manufacturing, automotive components and business process and technology outsourcing sectors, focusing on market competitiveness factors, industry key success factors and policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055698-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 42
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    Internationaler Handel : Frei, fair und offen? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060531
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (202 p.)
    Serie: OECD Insights
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Trade; Free, Fair and Open?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. International Trade: Free, Fair and Open?
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le commerce international : Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Trade
    Kurzfassung: Der internationale Handel hat Auswirkungen auf den Preis und die Verfügbarkeit von fast allem, was wir kaufen. Zudem hat er Einfluss auf eine Vielzahl anderer Bereiche wie Beschäftigung, Umwelt und Armutsbekämpfung. Und er wird seinerseits von einer Fülle verschiedener Faktoren beeinflusst, von der natürlichen Ressourcenausstattung bis hin zu Modetrends. Die OECD ist eine führende Quelle für Daten, Analysen und Politikempfehlungen in Handelsfragen. Gestützt auf dieses umfassende Fachwissen wird in OECD Insights: Internationaler Handel deutlich gemacht, dass es ohne Handel – wenn überhaupt – nur selten gelungen ist, Wohlstand zu erreichen oder zu sichern. Handel allein ist jedoch nicht genug. Es bedarf darüber hinaus Maßnahmen in Bereichen wie Beschäftigung, Bildung oder Gesundheit, um das Wohlergehen der Menschen zu fördern und die Herausforderungen der globalisierten Wirtschaft zu bewältigen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060531-de
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  • 43
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    Nachhaltige Entwicklung : Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft, Umwelt im Zusammenhang betrachtet (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055674
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Serie: OECD Insights
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development; Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le développement durable ; À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society, Environment
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le développement durable : À la croisée de l'économie, de la société et de l'environnement
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: Was bedeutet “nachhaltige Entwicklung” tatsächlich? Welchen Einfluss haben Produktion, Konsum und Globalisierung auf Nachhaltigkeit? Wie kann Nachhaltigkeit gemessen werden? Und was können Regierungen, Unternehmen und der Einzelne tun, um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu fördern? Zu vielen Themen, die nachhaltige Entwicklung betreffen, erstellt die OECD Daten und veröffentlicht Empfehlungen für Forschung und Politik; dazu gehören der Klimawandel, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und verantwortungsvolle Unternehmensführung. Die neue Veröffentlichung „Sustainable Development“ aus der Buchreihe „OECD Insights“ stützt sich auf diese Fachkompetenz. Um nachhaltige Entwicklung zu erreichen, müssen die drei Bereiche Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Umwelt zusammen berücksichtigt werden.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055674-de
    URL: Volltext
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  • 44
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Australia 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060203
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Australia
    DDC: 331.3/40994
    RVK:
    QG 900
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Schlagwort(e): Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Australien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Australien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Kurzfassung: Whatever the level of qualification, first experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a failure can be difficult to make up. This report contains - for Australia - a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, as well as a set of policy recommendations for further action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060203-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 45
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    Terrorism and International Transport : Towards Risk-based Security Policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102329
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Serie: ITF Round Tables no.144
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international ; Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Terrorisme et transport international : Pour une politique de sécurité fondée sur le risque
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Security is critical to transport systems as they are often appealing targets for terrorist attacks. The significant costs of potential damage make effective security policies a key concern for transport decision makers. This Round Table examines the contribution economic analysis can make to improving security in aviation and maritime shipping by identifying methods for quantifying the benefits of security measures and assessing their effectiveness, and examining techniques to allocate resources targeting the highest risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102329-en
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  • 46
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    PISA 2006 Technical Report (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048096
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Serie: PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048096-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 47
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    OECD-Prüfungen im Bereich Innovationspolitik : China 2008 : Synthesebericht (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060180
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy; China 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: China 2008
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: Welche Kriterien müssen die Innovationsergebnisse eines Landes erfüllen, und welcher Zusammenhang besteht zwischen ihnen und der Wirtschaftsleistung? Welches sind die Hauptmerkmale, Stärken und Schwächen des Innovationssystems eines Landes? Wie können die Regierungen die Innovationstätigkeit fördern? Die OECD-Prüfungen der Innovationspolitik bieten eine umfassende Analyse des Innovationssystems einzelner OECD-Mitglieds- und -Nichtmitgliedsländer, bei der die Rolle der Politik und der Regierung im Mittelpunkt steht. Sie geben zudem konkrete Empfehlungen zu der Frage, wie ein breites Spektrum von die Innovationsergebnisse der Länder beeinflussenden Politikmaßnahmen zu verbessern ist. Bei jeder Prüfung werden bewährte Praktiken identifiziert, aus denen andere Länder lernen können. China hat über einen mehr als zwanzig Jahre andauernden Zeitraum ein spektakulär hohes Wirtschaftswachstum zu verzeichnen. Gleichwohl ist China heute mit der großen Herausforderung des Übergangs von einem stetigen zu einem vom sozialen, wirtschaftlichen, ökologischen und umweltpolitischen Standpunkt her gesehen nachhaltigen Wachstum konfrontiert. Die Innovationstätigkeit wurde als eine Hauptantriebskraft für dieses neue Wachstumsmodell identifiziert, und die chinesische Regierung hat eine nationale Strategie initiiert, die bis zum Jahr 2020 eine innovationsinduzierte Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft entstehen lassen soll. Wird es China gelingen, die Herausforderung dieses Übergangs zu meistern? Welche Veränderungen werden hierzu im Bereich der Politikmaßnahmen und Institutionen erforderlich sein? Wie wird sich die Wandlung Chinas zu einer künftigen innovationsgestützten Volkswirtschaft auf die OECD-Länder sowie auf die weltweiten Systeme der Wissensproduktion, -verbreitung und -nutzung auswirken? Der vorliegende Bericht versucht Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, indem er den derzeitigen Zustand des nationalen Innovationssystems Chinas und seiner Investitionspolitik analysiert und besonders wichtige Verbesserungen empfiehlt, die sowohl im politischen als auch im institutionellen Umfeld erforderlich sind, damit es China gelingt, die Innovationstätigkeit durch einen marktorientierten Ansatz zu fördern.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060180-de
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  • 48
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    Contracting Out Government Functions and Services : Emerging Lessons from Post-Conflict and Fragile Situations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066212
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (170 p.)
    Serie: Partnership for Democratic Governance
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Contracting out government functions and services
    Schlagwort(e): Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Outsourcing ; Politische Instabilität ; Politischer Konflikt ; Afghanistan ; Kambodscha ; Kongo (Demokratische Republik) ; Ruanda ; Südsudan ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Contracting-out
    Kurzfassung: This second volume of the Partnership for Democratic Governance Series investigates whether ‘contracting out’ core government functions and services has been conducive to capacity development. Each case study discusses the evidence and emerging lessons of contracting out in fragile and post-conflict situations. The chapters contained in this publication first appeared as contributions to the Partnership for Democratic Governance's collaborative online platform, PDF Online. Through this platform, users are able to post comments on discussion papers, send messages to the authors and easily find ifnormation relevant to the topics covered in this publication. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066212-en
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  • 49
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    How competitive is product market regulation in India? : An international and cross-state comparison (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; India
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the extent to which India's regulatory environment promotes or inhibits competition in markets where technology and market conditions make competition viable. The analysis is based on the OECD’s indicators of Product Market Regulation (PMR) which have been used extensively over the last decade to benchmark regulatory frameworks in OECD countries and have proven useful in encouraging countries to implement structural reforms that enhance economic performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art6-en
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  • 50
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    Monitoring Review of Korea (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Corée : Mise à jour du Rapport sur la loi et les institutions en matière de concurrence
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 107-137
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: This report reviews the achievements of the Korean 3-Year Market Reform Road Map. This assessment is carried out in light of the OECD’s previous recommendations to shift KFTC priorities and resources toward core competition problems related to efficiency goals and away from its historic focus on conglomerate financial structure and governance; the need for further improvements in investigative powers and a clearer rule against hard-core cartels; implementation of recommendations to repeal exemptions for “small” business and exclusions of professional services and co-ordination with sectoral regulators about competition problems; and recent institutional changes to join the KFTC with the system for applying consumer protection law. This report was the basis for a monitoring review in the October 2006 session of the Competition Committee.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art12-en
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  • 51
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    Corée : Mise à jour du Rapport sur la loi et les institutions en matière de concurrence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 123-159
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Monitoring Review of Korea
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 123-159
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: Ce rapport passe en revue ce qui a été accompli au titre de la Feuille de route de trois ans concernant la réforme du marché en Corée. Cette évaluation est menée à la lumière de divers facteurs : les recommandations de l'OCDE demandant à la KFTC de redéfinir ses priorités et de réorienter ses ressources pour cibler les problèmes fondamentaux de concurrence liés à des objectifs d'efficience, alors qu'elle se concentrait traditionnellement sur la structure financière et la gouvernance des conglomérats; la nécessité de renforcer les pouvoirs d'investigation et d'adopter des dispositions plus claires contre les ententes injustifiables; la mise en oeuvre des recommandations visant à supprimer les exemptions qui protègent les petites entreprises de la concurrence et les exclusions des services professionnels, et d'assurer une coordination avec les autorités sectorielles de réglementation sur les problèmes de concurrence ; enfin, les changements institutionnels récents destinés à intégrer la KFTC au système d'application du droit des consommateurs. Le Comité de la concurrence s'est appuyé sur ce rapport pour effectuer un examen de suivi lors de sa réunion d'octobre 2006.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art12-fr
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  • 52
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    The English National Health Service : An Economic Health Check (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.716
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: The government’s health reform programme since 2000 has covered many aspects of the organisation of health care and was accompanied by a sizeable increase in spending on healthcare. Many of these reforms have the potential to improve the efficiency and responsiveness of the health care system and ultimately health outcomes, although it is too early to make definitive judgements on their effectiveness. This chapter provides an overview of the organisation and financing of the National Health Service, reviews its performance, assesses the reforms since the start of the decade and provides recommendations for further development. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk).
    DOI: 10.1787/222707115448
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  • 53
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    How Transport Costs Shape the Spatial Pattern of Economic Activity (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/13
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmr3j65tg0-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 54
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    Jurisprudence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 117-124
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 8 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Case Law
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 117-124
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy ; Canada ; Germany ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Allemagne Jugement de la Cour Administrative Fédérale relatif aux supposées « Biblis-obligations » (2008) Canada La Cour du Banc de la Reine du Nouveau-Brunswick refuse la divulgation en vertu de la loi sur le droit à l’information de la province d’une étude de faisabilité sur l’énergie nucléaire (2008) États-Unis Jugement de la Cour fédérale relatif à l’interprétation du « Standard Contract » du Département de l’Énergie américain (2008) Décision sommaire de la Cour d’Appel des États-Unis sur les demandes de révision des règlements de la Commission de la réglementation nucléaire (2008)
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-2008-5k9gvsvff4xr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 55
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    Promoting Competition to Strengthen Economic Growth in Belgium (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.736
    DOI: 10.1787/220077807505
    URL: Volltext
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  • 56
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    Measuring China's Innovation System : National Specificities and International Comparisons (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/01
    DOI: 10.1787/227277262447
    URL: Volltext
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  • 57
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    Binding Constraints to Trade Expansion : Aid for Trade Objectives and Diagnostics Tools (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.94
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmlbl6glf5d-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 58
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    Pensions in Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.30
    DOI: 10.1787/227444006716
    URL: Volltext
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  • 59
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    Education and Obesity in Four OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.46
    DOI: 10.1787/223688303816
    URL: Volltext
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  • 60
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    Lessons from the U.S. Transport Deregulation Experience for Privatization (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 12 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/20
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmr3c5lk6b-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 61
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    National Implementation and Enforcement of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 29-57
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mise en oeuvre et application sur le plan national des traités établissant des zones exemptes d'armes nucléaires
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 29-57
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: The act of establishing a nuclear-weapon-free zone (NWFZ) by a state is a sovereign right protected by Article 1 of the Charter of the United Nations and Article VII of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). It is a step towards nuclear disarmament by restricting the areas on earth and in space where such weapons may be freely produced, moved, tested, stationed and used. It is a measure of national security for states that wish to distance their territory and their populations completely from the nuclear arms race, its implications and its effects on development, health and international relations. When the African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) enters into force, probably this year, over half of the earth’s land mass and 119 countries will be protected in such zones.
    DOI: 10.1787/nuclear_law-v2009-art2-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 62
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    Health-Care Reform in Japan : Controlling Costs, Improving Quality and Ensuring Equity (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.739
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Japan’s health-care system has provided universal access to care and contributed to the outstanding health status of the Japanese. Public spending has been kept below the OECD average through high co-payment rates and reductions in medical fees. However, with continued upward pressure on expenditure, in part due to rapid population ageing, reforms are needed to limit spending increases through greater efficiency, while improving quality. It is essential to shift long-term care out of hospitals, reform the pricing mechanism away from pay-for-visit, increase the use of generic drugs, encourage healthy ageing and promote restructuring in the hospital sector. Quality should be improved by increasing the availability of effective new drugs and medical devices. In funding spending increases, it is important to limit the share borne by employees to avoid negative effects on the labour market. Japan may need to allow more mixed billing to enhance access to some advanced medical treatments.
    DOI: 10.1787/220005270870
    URL: Volltext
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  • 63
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    Promoting Biodiversity Co-Benefits in REDD (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.11
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Promouvoir les avantages connexes liés à la biodiversité dans le cadre de la REDD
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how biodiversity co-benefits in REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) can be enhanced, both at the design and implementation level. It discusses potential biodiversity implications of different REDD design options that have been put forward in the international climate change negotiations and proceeds by examining how the creation of additional biodiversity-specific incentives could be used to complement a REDD mechanism, so as to target biodiversity benefits directly.
    DOI: 10.1787/220188577008
    URL: Volltext
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  • 64
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    Understanding sectoral growth cycles and the impact of monetary policy in Turkish manufacturing (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 43-69
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: We pursue a two-fold objective in this paper. First, we try to describe comprehensively the behaviour of sectoral growth cycles in Turkish manufacturing by using several statistical measures and to analyse the co-movement between them via correlation and peak-through analysis. One of the remarkable results of this study is the emergence of the "chemicals" and "paper and paper products"sectors as the leading sectors of total manufacturing. Another important result reveals that export-oriented sectors, which have a high correlation with total manufacturing and with each other, appear as the main drivers of total manufacturing. The second objective of this study is to investigate the response of output in Turkish manufacturing industries to monetary policy shocks within the vector autoregressive framework. The results show that all manufacturing sectors respond to a contractionary monetary policy shock with a reduction in absolute output but that the degree of output reduction is not the same in all sectors. The total manufacturing output declines very quickly after the shock, reaching its minimum value within three quarters.
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2009-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 65
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    Comprendiendo las cuentas nacionales (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063747
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (554 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Understanding National Accounts
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Este manual explica el ámbito y el significado del PIB y la RNB (o INB) y de sus componentes. Muestra cómo y para qué se utilizan estos agregados e incluye ejemplos y ejercicios prácticos que ayudan a comprender estos conceptos. El manual presenta las cuentas nacionales desde una perspectiva global y dedica capítulos especiales a las comparaciones internacionales y a los sistemas de cuentas nacionales de EEUU, México y Chile. El primer capítulo muestra la relación entre los principales conceptos de cuentas nacionales y el análisis macroeconómico. El libro continúa con el análisis de las variaciones de precios y de volumen, las comparaciones internacionales, el ámbito de la producción, los empleos finales y las cuentas no financieras de los hogares, de las empresas (sociedades no financieras e instituciones financieras) y de las administraciones públicas (o gobierno general). También describe el ámbito de las tablas input output y de las cuentas económicas integradas y, por último, informa sobre la historia, y el futuro, de los sistemas internacionales de cuentas nacionales.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063747-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 66
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    Product Market Regulation in Russia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.742
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses the OECD’s indicators of product market regulation (PMR) to assess the extent to which the regulatory environment in Russia supports competition and to draw attention to the areas where further reform efforts would pay dividends. The indicators show that, despite improvements in some areas, many aspects of Russia’s regulatory framework are still restrictive, which provides considerable scope for reaping gains from bringing regulation into line with international best practice. In particular, the scores suggest that Russia’s economic performance would greatly benefit from a reduction in the role of the state enterprise sector in markets that are inherently competitive and reinvigorated efforts to liberalise foreign trade and direct investment regimes. In some network sectors, recent regulatory changes have significantly improved the scope for competition. However, ongoing work needs to focus on separating competitive and monopoly market segments and eliminating barriers to entry. In addition, the authorities need to develop the capacity and strengthen the hands of the sectoral regulators. Introducing an overarching competition policy would also help bring the issue of competition to centre stage and spread a competition ethos through different levels of government.
    DOI: 10.1787/218750034678
    URL: Volltext
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  • 67
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    The Impact of Monetary and Commodity Fundamentals, Macro News and Central Bank Communication on the Exchange Rate : Evidence from South Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.692
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; South Africa
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies drivers of high-frequency (daily) dynamics of the South African rand vis-à-vis the dollar from January 2001 to July 2007. We find strong nonlinear effects of commodity prices, perceived country and emerging market risk premium and changes in the dollar-euro exchange rate on changes in daily returns of the rand-dollar exchange rate. We also identify a one-sided nonlinear mean reversion to the long-term monetary equilibrium. In addition we establish very short-lived effects on the exchange rate of selected macroeconomic surprises and central bank communication aimed at talking up the rand.
    DOI: 10.1787/224472688177
    URL: Volltext
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  • 68
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    Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change : A Literature Review (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.691
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Climate change is expected to have significant implications for the world economy and, more broadly, for many areas of human activity. The purpose of this review is twofold. First, it is to summarise current estimates of the impacts of climate change and to explain how these estimates are built in order to identify the main sources of uncertainty and approximation affecting them. Second, the paper discusses how this uncertainty should influence policymaker?s decisions. A main conclusion of the review is that there are large uncertainties, which are not fully reflected in existing estimates of global impacts of climate change in monetary units. Nonetheless, despite these uncertainties, policy action may be justified, provided that policies are cost-effective, even if the marginal cost of GHG emissions mitigation exceeds the marginal damage of one additional ton of carbon. This is because two features of the impacts of climate change tilt the balance in favour of action: their irreversibility, and the risk that they are extreme.
    DOI: 10.1787/224864018517
    URL: Volltext
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  • 69
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    Network Externality Premiums and International Telecommunication Traffic Exchange (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.152
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to examine the economic impact of proposals to add a non-cost “premium” to international telecommunication charges. This work follows up on earlier OECD work which examined international traffic exchange. The paper concludes that attempts to use non-market methods, and distort prices, is likely to have negative implications for the provision of international telecommunication services and that competition is acting to more efficiently meet policy goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/222470556326
    URL: Volltext
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  • 70
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    Fiscal Federalism in Belgium : Main Challenges and Considerations for Reform (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.743
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Fédéralisme budgétaire en Belgique : Défis principaux et réformes envisageables
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: The paper discusses the current state of fiscal relations across levels of government in Belgium and how it has developed over time. As the current system of fiscal federalism is creating imbalances between the federal and the sub-federal governments (vertical imbalance), and between sub-federal governments (horizontal imbalance) the paper also suggests directions for improvements. Without reform, the vertical imbalance will widen as the fiscal burden from the ageing of the population falls mainly on the federal level. Reform should therefore strengthen the fiscal capacity of the federal government by improving its revenue sources and by shifting some spending obligations to sub-federal governments. The imbalance between regions arises because of the lack of coherence between taxation and spending. Shared revenues from the personal income tax are allocated to the region of residence, while the region of the workplace does not benefit, which particularly affects Brussels’ revenue level. This imbalance could be eliminated by allocating more of the shared personal income tax to the region of the workplace. Furthermore, the system of equalisation grants should be re-designed to provide incentives to the recipient regions to develop their own revenue base. The performance of the fiscal system could further be improved by raising the efficiency of spending in areas of national interest, which have been assigned to sub-federal governments or where there are overlapping responsibilities, such as in employment, R&D, training, education, energy and environmental policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/218562648706
    URL: Volltext
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  • 71
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    Economic Growth and the Role of Taxation - Aggregate Data (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.714
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Economic growth is the basis of increased prosperity. This makes the attainment of growth a key objective for governments across the world. The rate of growth can be affected by policy choices through the effect that taxation has upon economic decisions and through productive public expenditures. This paper surveys research that has undertaken empirical analysis of aggregate data. The focus of the survey is the identification of the factors that determine the rate of growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/222781828316
    URL: Volltext
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    The corporate governance lessons from the financial crisis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 61-87
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 61-87
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the impact of failures and weaknesses in corporate governance on the financial crisis, including risk management systems and executive salaries. It concludes that the financial crisis can be to an important extent attributed to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements which did not serve their purpose to safeguard against excessive risk taking in a number of financial services companies. Accounting standards and regulatory requirements have also proved insufficient in some areas. Last but not least, remuneration systems have in a number of cases not been closely related to the strategy and risk appetite of the company and its longer term interests. The article also suggests that the importance of qualified board oversight and robust risk management is not limited to financial institutions. The remuneration of boards and senior management also remains a highly controversial issue in many OECD countries. The current turmoil suggests a need for the OECD to re-examine the adequacy of its corporate governance principles in these key areas.
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2009-art3-en
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  • 73
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    Stocktaking Report and Policy Recommendations on Risk Awareness and Education on Natural Catastrophes (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 3, p. 217-305
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The growing cost and frequency of natural catastrophes and their implications for economic growth and development have led to a concern over the level of public awareness and education relative to large-scale catastrophes and disaster risk reduction measures. Public awareness and education of disaster risk reduction are, in particular, increasingly acknowledged as important components of effective risk management of natural catastrophes. The financial component of disaster risk management and mitigation strategies, involving risk transfer and compensation strategies, is also recognised as being important for reducing the financial impact of catastrophes on individuals, businesses, and governments, and permitting more rapid economic and social recovery. As such, systematic promotion of public awareness and education of risks and risk reduction measures, including financial loss-sharing and risk transfer tools, is an important aspect of national and international strategies to reduce vulnerability and losses from catastrophic events.
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2008-art21-en
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  • 74
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    Potential Economic Impacts of Technological and Organisational Innovations in Intermodal Access to Major Passenger Terminals (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/27
    DOI: 10.1787/5kmmnc9nqwwh-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 75
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    Intergenerational Social Mobility in European OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.709
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper breaks new ground by providing comparable estimates of intergenerational wage and education persistence across 14 European OECD countries based on a new micro data from Eurostat. A further novelty is that it examines the potential role of public policies and labour and product market institutions in explaining observed differences in intergenerational wage mobility across countries. The empirical estimates show that intergenerational wage persistence is relatively high in southern European countries, as well as in the United Kingdom. Likewise, intergenerational persistence in education is relatively high both in southern European countries and in Luxembourg and Ireland. By contrast, both persistence in wages and education tends to be lower in Nordic countries. In addition, empirical results show that education is one important driver of intergenerational wage persistence across European countries. There is a positive crosscountry correlation between intergenerational wage mobility and redistributive policies, as well as a positive correlation between wage-setting institutions that compress the wage distribution and mobility.
    DOI: 10.1787/223043801483
    URL: Volltext
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    San Diego's Capital Planning Process (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/04
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Procédures de planification de l'équipement à San Diego
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United States
    Kurzfassung: Capital planning for schools should include both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. And while building condition remains an important and necessary factor in short- and long-range facility planning, by itself it is not sufficient to reveal the full range of building performance issues or to guide decision making and strategies for prudent capital investments. Functionality – sometimes referred to as “serviceability” or “fitness of purpose” – has to do with how school buildings and sites support users’ activities. Its reference points are the owner’s operating requirements that represent the purposes and objectives for which the facility was originally designed and built, plus the many new functional requirements that have inevitably arisen over time (driven by such factors as enrolment growth or decline, grade reconfiguration, trends in curriculum, technology or educational philosophy, and community uses). In terms of functionality, a school can have positive attributes – it can be safe and secure, healthy and comfortable, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, even uplifting and inspirational – or negative ones – it can be overcrowded or underutilised, dilapidated or obsolete, inefficient and expensive, or even dangerous. There is a welcome and growing body of literature on links between the functional quality of educational buildings and the academic performance of the students who occupy them. This research is also consistent with new attention to the environmental aspects of schools, which are significant in terms of embodied pedagogy, the health and comfort of educators and learners, and, indeed, the long-term prospects for life on the planet.
    DOI: 10.1787/224555525725
    URL: Volltext
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    OECD Work on Innovation A Stocktaking of Existing Work (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2009/02
    DOI: 10.1787/227048273721
    URL: Volltext
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  • 78
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    Environment and Regional Trade Agreements : Developments in 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2009/01
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This document provides a second update on developments in the field of regional trade agreements and environment covering the period late 2007 to December 2008. It complements the 2007 publication “Environment and Regional Trade Agreements”, and the first update presented to the JWPTE in December 2007 (COM/TAD/ENV/JWPTE/RD(2007)40/FINAL). It is based on publicly available information and refers to agreements which have been signed by the Parties, though not all have entered into force yet. It also includes information on recent Trade Promotion Agreements (TPAs) which were not covered by the first study.
    DOI: 10.1787/224028520851
    URL: Volltext
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  • 79
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    Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential from International Shipping (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/11
    DOI: 10.1787/223743322616
    URL: Volltext
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  • 80
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    Inclusion des élèves à besoins éducatifs spéciaux dans les écoles en Irlande (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/01
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Including Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Schools in Ireland
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Rédigées à l’attention des chefs d’établissements, des conseils d’administration et des concepteurs, ces directives fournissent des indications en matière de planification et de conception de l’espace avec pour objectif la fourniture d’installations d’apprentissage permanentes conçues pour les élèves ayant des besoins éducatifs spéciaux dans les 26 comtés de l’Irlande. Ces directives reflètent nombre des changements récents dans le système éducatif irlandais, des changements qui ont accentué la nécessité de créer des espaces supplémentaires en mesure d’accueillir l’éventail croissant de services d’enseignement et de soutien destinés aux élèves présentant des troubles autistiques, des troubles émotifs et/ou des problèmes comportementaux, des troubles du langage, des déficiences auditives ou visuelles, des troubles multisensoriels ou d’autres besoins.
    DOI: 10.1787/224772044438
    URL: Volltext
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  • 81
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    Development Dimensions of High Food Prices (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 98 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.18
    DOI: 10.1787/222521043712
    URL: Volltext
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  • 82
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    Are Workers' Remittances Relevant for Credit Rating Agencies? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.282
    DOI: 10.1787/220574013385
    URL: Volltext
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  • 83
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    Employment-Productivity Trade-off and Labour Composition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.698
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper formalises the analysis of the employment-productivity trade-off by extending the framework developed by Gordon (1997) to account for labour heterogeneity. The extent of the trade-off is determined by the extent of the adjustment of capital to effective labour and by the changes in aggregate labour quality. The main experiment reported in the paper consists of assessing the labour utilisation and productivity impacts in OECD countries of aligning group-specific employment rates to the US levels. Matching the US employment performance defined in that sense would enable low-employment OECD countries to reduce only half of the aggregate employment-rate gap vis-à-vis the United States, the other half being mechanically due to differences in the population structure by age and educational attainment. In this experiment, a 1% gain in employment is associated with a decrease of 0.24% in labour productivity on average across countries, and of 0.35% in low-employment countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/224146182015
    URL: Volltext
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  • 84
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    PIAAC Numeracy: A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.35
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This builds on the numeracy framework developed for the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL). Numeracy is broadly defined and complemented with a definition of ‘numerate behaviour’. Four facets of numerate behaviour are identified and described to guide the development of assessment tasks.
    DOI: 10.1787/220337421165
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
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    Towards better Schools and more Equal Opportunities for Learning in Italy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 65 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.727
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Compulsory school education in Italy produces poor results in terms of 15-year olds’ performance on PISA tests, compared with other OECD countries, despite a relatively high level of expenditure. While the influence of social background is smaller than in many OECD countries, it is largely transmitted through a kind of self-segregation resulting from family choices among the different types of upper secondary school. Large differences in pupils’ performance between regions cannot be explained by the quantity of resources available; separating the influence of socio-economic conditions from school efficiency is difficult and must be treated carefully in plans for extending fiscal federalism. The Italian government is rightly concerned to get better value for money and this chapter argues that policies to improve the information available to schools and teachers on the results they are achieving, while giving them appropriate incentives, responsibility and power to respond to such information, are necessary accompaniments to expenditure-saving policies. An improved focus on good quality training, both for new recruits and experienced teachers, and recruitment procedures themselves, should also pay dividends on efficiency.
    DOI: 10.1787/220864240618
    URL: Volltext
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  • 86
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    Quantifying Regulatory Barriers to Services Trade (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.85
    DOI: 10.1787/5kgkcjqsm6kd-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 87
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    PIAAC Literacy: A Conceptual Framework (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.34
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).
    DOI: 10.1787/220348414075
    URL: Volltext
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  • 88
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    Network Developments in Support of Innovation and User Needs (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.164
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report makes a case for investment in a competitive, open-access national fibre-to-the-home network rollout based on potential spillovers in four key sectors of the economy: electricity, health, transportation and education. This research offers a new approach to evaluating the costs of building the most forward-looking network possible by evaluating what short-term cost savings (benefits) would have to be achieved in other key economic sectors to justify the investment. On average, a cost savings of between 0.5% and 1.5% in each of the four sectors over ten years resulting directly from the new broadband network platform could justify the cost of building a national point-to-point, fibre-to-the-home network.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml8rfvtbf6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 89
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    Improving public spending efficiency in primary and secondary education (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-30
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 1-30
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Influenced by the perceived link between higher levels of educational attainment and growth, the education sector has seen significant reform efforts in recent years in a number of countries. Public spending in this sector has increased on average by one-fifth in real terms over the past decade and growth in terms of spending per student has also been marked in many countries (Figure 1, upper panel); governments in the OECD area now spend on average around 3% of GDP on primary and secondary education. However, a close correspondence between the level of resources and educational outcomes is difficult to demonstrate empirically: cross-sectional evidence reveals only a weak correlation between national spending per student or teaching resources and mean pupil performance in standardised tests (Figure 1, lower panels). Extra resources devoted to education do not automatically lead to commensurate improvements in outcomes.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2009-art4-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    Budgeting in Indonesia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1-31
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Indonesia
    Kurzfassung: This article discusses Indonesia’s economic and fiscal performance following the 1997/98 financial crisis and the transition to democracy, as well as the budget formulation process and the role of Parliament. Aspects of budget implementation are discussed throughout the article. Jón R. Blöndal, Ian Hawkesworth and Hyun-Deok Choi
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-9-5ks72wv89p48
    URL: Volltext
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  • 91
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    Swiss GDP revisions : A monetary policy perspective (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 183-213
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper focuses on Swiss GDP revisions and the uncertainty they generate from the point of view of monetary policy. After a description of the revisions features, we use GDP vintages to compute real-time output gaps using a production function approach. Then, with a nominal feedback rule, we assess the impact of GDP – and hence output gap – on revisions monetary policy. The main results are threefold. First, Swiss GDP revisions – similarly to those of other small economies – are large, and estimates converge slowly to their final value. Second, GDP mismeasurements clearly exacerbate the difficulty in estimating output gaps. Third, the impact of revisions on monetary policy varies over time. Via its effect on output gaps, ceteris paribus, the inaccuracy of GDP estimates risks introducing a procyclical bias in monetary policy decisions.
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2008-art10-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 92
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    Retirement saving and the payout phase : How to get there and how to get the most of it (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 143-162
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 1, p. 143-162
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: In the wake of a dramatic financial crisis and with the first waves of baby boomers approaching retirement we hardly need to think about how best to arrive at the pension funds' payout phase. This paper argues that there is an urgent need to raise retirement saving, to reduce defined contribution plan members' exposure to investment risks and to provide the financial industry with cheap and safe payout instruments. These challenges are also likely to call for a more active government role.
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2009-art6-en
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  • 93
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    Interaction of Public and Private Standards in the Food Chain (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Interactions entre normes publiques et normes privées dans la filière alimentaire
    DOI: 10.1787/221282527214
    URL: Volltext
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  • 94
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    Improving the Policy Framework in Japan to Address Climate Change (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.740
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Japan, a relatively energy-efficient country, has been active in combating climate change. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Japan is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6% relative to 1990 over the period 2008-12. As of 2007, however, its emissions were up by 9%. Japan has relied primarily on voluntary measures, which are monitored by the government, without binding commitments or price signals on carbon. It is essential to improve the policy framework to achieve its ambitious longer-term target of a 60% to 80% emission reduction by 2050 in a cost-effective manner. Japan should shift from voluntary measures to market-based instruments, notably a mandatory and comprehensive emission trading scheme, supplemented if necessary, by carbon taxes in areas not covered by trading, which minimise abatement costs and promote innovation to reduce emissions. Trading schemes should be linked to those in other countries, while expanding Japan’s use of a well-functioning Clean Development Mechanism. Continued public support for R&D in emission reduction technology, particularly in basic research, is important.
    DOI: 10.1787/218874608768
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
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    Zambia: Sustaining Agricultural Diversification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 103-131
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2009, no. 2, p. 103-131
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Zambia
    Kurzfassung: Zambia has a huge agricultural potential, which is still largely untapped, and could play a key role in growth and poverty eradication. Since the early 2000s, the government has implemented important reforms to promote privatisation and trade reforms, leading to higher investment and a strong growth in export crops such as cotton and horticulture. Despite this success, agricultural productivity, especially for food crops, remains low. The study shows that public resources to the agricultural sector have drastically decreased since the early 1990s, while private sector providers have not stepped in to fill the void left by the government disengagement from input supply and marketing. Despite a strong government commitment to reverse this trend, budget figures show that the share in total allocations dropped again in the 2008 budget. The study also argues that evaluations of past donor interventions in agriculture are not very positive, especially in terms of their sustainability. Projects often paid little attention to local absorptive and implementing capacity, had too narrow a focus on production and food security, and lacked an adequate understanding of the socio-economic conditions and behaviour of the target groups. Lack of co-ordination resulted in duplications and insufficient scale. A new generation of donor projects emerged in the early 2000s, with a strong focus on commercialisation and the development of market linkages, especially via contract farming. These projects have borne good results in terms of production volumes, quality standards and access to international commodity chains, as well as farmers’ income. The key challenge for donors is to scale up these success cases and ensure sustainability. The implementation of the Joint Assistance Strategy for Zambia 2007-2010 is an opportunity to achieve a better division of labour, strengthen synergies on the ground and reduce transaction costs for government. Acknowledgements The Zambia
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2009-art6-en
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  • 96
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    The Ending of the Multi-Fibre Agreement and Innovation in the Sri Lankan Textile and Clothing Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 4, p. 157-188
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Sri Lanka
    Kurzfassung: This case study analyses the effect that the end of the Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) has had on innovation in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. The ending of the quota system under the MFA led to an increase in the US and EU markets which has motivated a large number of innovations in the Sri Lankan textile and clothing sector. Some large companies have become a total services provider, while others are trying to establish their own brands. Product innovations with foreign partners, process innovations such as introduction of CAD/CAM, and various marketing and organisational innovations have been implemented. Keywords: innovation, textiles and clothing, garment, Sri Lanka, Multi-Fibre Agreement, MFA, competition , CSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, marketing, brands, fair-trade, outsourcing, FDI, joint-ventures
    DOI: 10.1787/gen_papers-v2008-art27-en
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  • 97
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    Brave new world : Higher education reform in Finland (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: Finnish universities are about to enter a period of radical change. This paper considers the reforms expected of a new Universities Act currently before parliament and a set of institutional mergers. When passed, the new act will provide universities with independent legal status, change their relationship with the government in several ways, affect university governance arrangements, and alter the relationship between staff and their university employers. Although these reforms will be radical for the university sector itself, many of the changes will be all but invisible to those outside the sector. The change that will be noticed is the creation of the new Aalto University through a merger between three existing institutions. The new university will be highly visible to all as it tries to meet the government’s aspirations for it to become a world-class university. Le meilleur des mondes : Réforme du système de l’enseignement supérieur en Finlande Les universités finlandaises se trouvent au seuil de changements radicaux. Cet article analyse les réformes découlant d’un nouveau projet de loi sur l’université actuellement présenté devant le Parlement finlandais et de plusieurs fusions institutionnelles. Une fois adoptée, la nouvelle loi accordera aux universités un statut juridique indépendant, modifiera leurs relations au gouvernement en plusieurs points, affectera les accords relatifs à la gestion des universités et modifiera les relations entre le personnel et les employeurs universitaires. Bien que le secteur universitaire considère ces réformes comme radicales, la plupart des changements qu’elles vont entraîner seront absolument invisibles aux yeux de l’observateur extérieur pour qui le changement apparent résideradans la création de la nouvelle Université de Aalto, fruit d’une fusion entre trois institutions existantes. Cette nouvelle université occupera en effet le devant de la scène puisqu’elle s’efforcera de répondre aux aspirations du gouvernement qui veut en faire une université internationale de haut niveau.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-21-5ksj0twnffvl
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  • 98
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    Main Features of the Public Employment Service in Poland (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.80
    DOI: 10.1787/225485542035
    URL: Volltext
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  • 99
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    Children of Immigrants in the Labour Markets of EU and OECD Countries : An Overview (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.97
    DOI: 10.1787/220823724345
    URL: Volltext
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  • 100
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    Going Separate Ways? School-to-Work Transitions in the United States and Europe (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.90
    DOI: 10.1787/221717700447
    URL: Volltext
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