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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    ISBN: 1-280-03487-4 , 9786610034871 , 92-64-19245-X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (149 p.)
    Serie: Emerging economies transition
    Serie: Social issues (Paris, France)
    Serie: Social issues (Paris, France)
    Serie: Emerging economies transition.
    DDC: 306/.0947
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Russia (Federation) Economic conditions 1991- ; Russia (Federation) Social conditions 1991-
    Kurzfassung: The Russian Federation faces important economic and social challenges. By 1998 national income was little more than half its level in 1990. Life expectancy for men is now about 61 years, compared to 65 years a decade ago. The rate of suicide and self-inflicted injuries is more than three times the OECD average and maternal mortality rates are about five times the OECD average. Infectious diseases have increased in prevalence, but real public spending on health care has fallen by nearly one-third. Spending on many other social programmes has fallen even as a percentage of the smaller GDP, yet much expenditure remains inefficient and ineffective in addressing the serious problem of poverty. More than a quarter of the Russian population is poverty-stricken according to official criteria. Average wages are not much more than half of their real level of the early 1990s, and wage and pension arrears have posed serious problems in the recent past. The informal economy has grown significantly. What can be done to address this crisis? This book provides a detailed analysis of the social problems facing the Russian Federation, and develops proposals for continuing reform to improve the economic fundamentals, including the productivity, while at the same time ensuring that social and labour market policies become more effective in helping the poorest Russians. The book also proposes policy reforms to improve the operation of the labour market, to guarantee a package of essential health care services, to address the wide disparities between different regions of the Russian Federation, and to deal with the human crisis experienced by the very poor.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""CONTENTS""; ""Introduction""; ""Summary and Policy Conclusions""; ""1. The Standard of Living and Policy Context in Russia""; ""Introduction""; ""Overview of the social protection system""; ""Informal social protection mechanisms""; ""Social spending and financing""; ""Inter-governmental fiscal relations""; ""Concluding comments""; ""2. Poverty in the Russian Federation""; ""Introduction""; ""Who are the poor?""; ""The “new poor�""; ""How poor are the poor?""; ""Why the poor are poor: the policy implications""; ""Concluding comments""; ""3. Labour Market Developments""; ""Introduction""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Legacy of the command economy: a stylised description""""Privatisation and enterprise restructuring""; ""Emerging labour markets""; ""Labour force participation, employment, and unemployment""; ""Active and passive labour market policies""; ""Passive labour market policies""; ""Concluding comments""; ""4. Health Status and Health Care""; ""Introduction""; ""The health care system""; ""Health care reform after 1991""; ""Assessment of health care reforms""; ""Concluding comments""; ""5. Paths to Social Policy Reform""; ""Introduction""; ""The political economy of social policy reform""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Current programmes""""Pension reform""; ""Targeting benefits: approaches to helping the poor""; ""Concluding comments""; ""Bibliography""
    Anmerkung: Simultaenously published in French under title: Fédération de Russie : la crise sociale. , English
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris, France :Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,
    ISBN: 92-64-16387-5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (110 p. )
    DDC: 306.3
    Schlagwort(e): International economic relations Congresses. ; Economics Congresses. Sociological aspects ; Welfare state Congresses. ; OECD countries Congresses. Social policy ; OECD countries Congresses. Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: As economic globalisation runs its seemingly relentless course, the demands on OECD economies' flexibility are set to increase still further in the years to come. What kind of society will be able to cope with these pressures? How much and what kinds of adaptability will be required of individuals, institutions and enterprises? What forces will hold OECD societies together in an environment shaped by intense international competition and fast-moving technological change? This publication looks into the prospects for societal cohesion in tomorrow's world. It assesses the long-run implications of continuing with the current set of policies, and examines ideas that may help societies strike a sustainable balance between economic flexibility and a cohesive social fabric.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Economic Flexibility and Societal Cohesion in the Twenty-First Century: An Overview of the Issues and Key Points of the Discussion by Wolfgang Michalski, Riel Miller, and Barrie Stevens -- Current Economic Policies: Social Implications over the Longer Term by Robert Z. Lawrence -- Challenges to Social Cohesion and Approaches to Policy Reform by Dennis J. Snower -- A Liberal Socio-Economic Scenario for the Early Twenty-First Century by Henri Lepage -- Towards a New Equilibrium of Citizens' Rights and Economic Resources? by Claus Offe
    Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , English
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    ISBN: 1-280-03440-8 , 9786610034406 , 92-64-19283-2
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (232 p.)
    Serie: OECD proceedings
    Serie: OECD proceedings.
    DDC: 303.48/3
    Schlagwort(e): Social change Congresses. ; Social sciences Congresses. ; Technological innovations Congresses.
    Kurzfassung: What is the contribution of the social sciences to improving our understanding of social and technological innovation processes? How can they help to overcome some of the barriers to technological and social innovation and improve the management of innovation by limiting the negative side-effects of new technologies and social change? And how can social and technological innovations contribute to the better functioning of social science?These were some of the questions tackled at the Tokyo Workshop on Social Sciences and Innovation which brought together high-level experts and policy makers from the OECD countries as well as from Asia, Africa and South America to discuss the role of the social sciences in fostering innovation.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""CONTENTS""; ""Keynote Address: Challenges to the Social Sciences in the New Millennium""; ""Chapter 1. Socio-Economic Analyses in the OECD""; ""Chapter 2. About Innovating the Social Sciences and Innovation in Society ""; ""Chapter 3. Social Sciences and Innovation: Summary Remarks ""; ""Chapter 4. Social Sciences and Innovation: Report of the Tokyo Workshop""; ""Chapter 5. Developing Unified, Dynamic Knowledge Management Systems ""; ""Chapter 6. Regional Clusters, Venture Capital and Entrepreneurship: What Can the Social Sciences Tell Us About Silicon Valley? ""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Chapter 7. The Characteristics and Promotion of Innovation""""Chapter 8. Scientific Innovation and Societal Change: A Historical Perspective ""; ""Chapter 9. Innovation Policy as a Substitute for Failing Economic Policies ""; ""Chapter 10. The Role of Social Science in Raising Public Understanding of Scientific and Technological Innovation""; ""Chapter 11. Matching Societal Needs and Technological Capabilities: Research Foresight and the Implications for Social Sciences ""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Chapter 12. Analysing the Innovation Process for Policy Formulation: Research Agenda Drawn from the Japanese Experiences """"Chapter 13. Innovation Theory and Innovation Policy: Bridging the Gap ""; ""Chapter 14. Social Innovation, Social Change and Social Science ""; ""Chapter 15. Social Sciences and the Social Development Process in Africa ""; ""Chapter 16. Social Sciences, Media and Society ""; ""Chapter 17. Social Sciences and Ethics ""; ""Chapter 18. Bringing Science to the People: Medical Innovation and Community Health Programmes""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Chapter 19. Assessing the Impacts of Innovation: New Developments in Technology Assessment """"Chapter 20. How Social Dynamics Influence Information Society Technology: Lessons for Innovation Policy ""; ""Annex: List of Participants""
    Anmerkung: "The report is based on presentations and discussions at the Tokyo Workshop on Social Sciences and Innovation on 29 November - 2 December 2000"--Page 3. , English
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  • 4
    ISBN: 1-280-08022-1 , 9786610080229 , 92-64-19559-9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (182 p.)
    Serie: Social issues
    Serie: Social issues (Paris, France)
    DDC: 306.38
    Schlagwort(e): Old age pensions ; Retirement income ; Older people Finance, Personal.
    Kurzfassung: This landmark study of the material well-being of older people in nine OECD countries -- Canada, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States -- uses a wealth of new data to shed light on the challenges that face policy-makers as they anticipate the coming retirement of the baby-boom generation. The findings are often surprising. In all the countries surveyed, policies have been fundamentally successful: older people at all income levels tend to maintain or even increase their material standards of living once they stop working. This happens despite large differences in approaches to public policy, including the size of public pensions. The systems that provide resources to older people are considerably more complex than is usually taken into account in policy-making, and the effects of policy, while large, are less direct than often thought. Demography and changing labour market patterns make reforms to these systems imperative. The challenge is to make needed changes without undermining past success. This is difficult, but entirely possible; the payoffs from relatively small changes in the balance between work and retirement could be particularly large. The study examines the many diverse ways in which the nine countries are tackling this challenge and the lessons that have been learned from their experiences. It provides invaluable evidence for policy-makers, researchers and citizens concerned about the challenges posed for societies by ageing populations.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foreword; Table of Contents; Chapter 1. Summary and Key Points; 1.1. Structure of the report; 1.2. The economic well-being of older people: a success story; 1.3. The three challenges; 1.4. Country-specific conclusions; Part I. Convergent Outcomes, Divergent Means; Chapter 2. The Resources of Older People: Complex Systems and Successful Outcomes; Chapter 3. The Determining Role of Public Policy; Chapter 4. The Need for Reform; Part II. A Comparaison of Policy Responses to Key Retirement Income Challenges; Chapter 5. Reforms to Re-balance Work and Retirement
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Chapter 6. Responses to the Challenge of Balanced Resources in RetirementChapter 7. Maintaining Economic Well-being and Protecting the Vulnerable; Chapter 8. Conclusion - Lessons about Reform Strategies; Bibliography; Annexes; Annex I. Main features of the retirement income systems in the nine countries; Annex II. Retirement Incentives; Annex III. Statistical Annex
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , English
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    ISBN: 1-280-08278-X , 9786610082780 , 92-64-18819-3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (220 p.)
    Serie: Social issues Reforms for an ageing society.
    Originaltitel: Maintaining prosperity in an ageing society.
    Paralleltitel: Des réformes pour une société vieillissante
    DDC: 305.26
    Schlagwort(e): Aging Economic aspects ; Older people Government policy ; Older people Economic conditions.
    Kurzfassung: This book reviews recent trends, reforms and lessons learned in the 29 OECD countries as they relate to ageing. Recent reforms have been driven mainly by fiscal factors - to adjust systems such as pensions and long-term care to the ageing of the baby boom generation. This remains a main concern in many countries. A new reform agenda is emerging, however, that marries fiscal objectives with broader social and economic policy goals. It focuses on active ageing, providing opportunities and incentives for people to contribute more actively in the labour market and society as they grow older. This involves slowing, or reversing, trends towards ever-longer periods of time spent in retirement. This agenda is associated with likely trends towards a more diversified system of retirement income in most OECD countries - with more reliance on private pensions and a likely increase of earnings as a source of income among older people. Familiar policy debates -- such as the balance between public and private pensions -- may need to be recast to take account of the likely future growth in the role of earnings in the retirement income system. Interesting new questions arise. In the longer-term future, what should be the role of government policy in influencing the balance between work and leisure in older years? What priority should be attached to policies that support very long periods of passivity in the last third of life?
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Repairing the work incentives in pensions � linking contributions and benefits""""Closing or restricting some pathways to retirement""; ""Strengthening new pathways to retirement � often involving gradual transitions""; ""Other ways of increasing participation rates""; ""Box 1.1. Retirement incentives and labour supply � A policy principle of Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society""; ""Box 1.2. The United States leads in empirical understanding of the retirement transition""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Box 1.3. Raising the age eligibility for New Zealand Superannuation had a substantial effect on employment rates""""Box 1.4. Examples of reforms that increase the age of pension eligibility""; ""Box 1.5. Reforms that increase work incentives through benefit and contribution changes""; ""Box 1.6. Selected examples of pension reforms where raising the retirement age is an integral part of larger reforms""; ""Box 1.7. Examples of reforms that close or restrict some pathways to retirement""; ""Box 1.8. United Kingdom highlighted reform to disability programme""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Box 1.9. Examples of reforms that strengthen new pathways to retirement""""Chapter 2""; ""EMPLOYABILITY OF OLDER WORKERS � A WORKPLACE FOR ALL AGES?""; ""Summary and main results""; ""The present situation""; ""The scale of the policy challenge and of national responses""; ""Reform trends""; ""Retaining older workers""; ""Helping older people find new jobs""; ""Promoting a work force for all ages""; ""Box 2.1. The employability of older workers � A policy principle of Maintaining Prosperity in an Ageing Society""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""Box 2.2. Examples of reforms specifically intended to retain older workers""""Box 2.3. Examples of reforms intended to help older people find new jobs""; ""Box 2.4. Examples of reforms intended to produce a workplace for all ages""; ""Chapter 3""; ""FISCAL CONSOLIDATION � OBVIOUS PROGRESS IN MANY COUNTRIES""; ""Summary and main results""; ""The present situation""; ""The scale of the challenge and of national policy responses""; ""Reform trends""; ""Cuts in expenditure or increases in contributions""; ""Fiscal action in non-age-related programming can relieve the pressures of ageing""
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: ""New models for financing of pensions and long-term care""
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , English
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris :OECD Publishing,
    ISBN: 1-280-08351-4 , 9786610083510 , 92-64-18247-0
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (196 p.)
    Serie: Future Studies
    Serie: Future studies.
    DDC: 306/.09/05
    Schlagwort(e): Economic development Congresses. Social aspects ; Social history Congresses. 21st century ; Civilization, Modern Congresses. 21st century ; Technology and civilization Congresses.
    Kurzfassung: How can growing social diversity be harnessed to make for more creative societies in the future? Three powerful forces are simultaneously shaping the social foundations of the future: deep-seated change in underlying economic systems, rapid global integration, and growing social diversity itself. The question is whether the three will combine constructively and lead to social progress or whether another, grimmer scenario lies ahead. Does growing diversity, commendable in itself, mean we are headed for more inequality across the world's populations? Will access to and use of new knowledge and advanced technologies alleviate or aggravate the differences? What steps can policy makers take to ensure that growing differentiation within and among societies gives rise to increased creativity instead of mounting tensions? This book asks some hard questions about our changing world, and examines the policy opportunities that need to be grasped if we are to foster sustainable social foundations for the 21st century.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Social diversity and the creative society of the 21st century / by Barrie Stevens, Riel Miller and Wolfgang Michalski -- Social capitalism and human diversity / by David E. Bloom and River Path Associates -- Global inequality, human rights and the challenge for the 21st century / by Richard Jolly -- Socio-economic consequences of the advance of complexity and knowledge / by Geoffrey M. Hodgson -- Towards globalism : social causes and social consequences / by Jørgen Ørstrøm Møller -- The prospects for social renewal / by Geoff Mulgan -- Primary globalisation, secondary globalisation, and the sustainable development paradigm--opposing forces in the 21st century / by Ruud Lubbers and Jolanda Koorevaar -- Keynote address / by Donna E. Shalala -- List of participants.
    Anmerkung: Papers from a conference held in Berlin, Germany, Dec. 6-7, 1999. , "OECD Forum for the Future"--Page 3. , English
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  • 7
    ISBN: 1-280-03398-3 , 9786610033980 , 92-64-16353-0
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (176 p. ) , ill..
    DDC: 303.48/3
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Economics ; Technological forecasting Congresses Forecasts ; Twenty-first century Congresses Social aspects ; Technology Congresses ; Engineering & Applied Sciences ; Technology - General ; Konferenzschrift 1997 ; Konferenzschrift 1998 ; Hochschulschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Kurzfassung: The next few decades hold the prospect of remarkable progress in a wide range of pervasive technologies that are likely to have a profound effect on how we live, work, and spend our leisure time. These technologies are set to revolutionise the worlds of medicine, agriculture, travel, retailing...so much that is familiar in our daily lives. Used wisely, they could be of huge benefit to mankind. Used wrongly, they could mean lost opportunities and unnecessary risks. The challenge for society is immense. What would be the cost of failure to embrace dynamic change? What kind of ethical dilemmas will arise from further breakthroughs in genetic engineering? Will the spread of new technologies create new social divisions? What sort of societies will prove most adept at harnessing the vast technological potential? How can countries best co-operate to maximise the benefits of spillovers? This book reviews the extraordinary promise of technological advances over the next twenty years or so, and assesses some of the key issues -- economic, social, environmental, ethical -- that decision-makers in government, business and society will face in the decades ahead.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Promises and Perils of 21st Century Technology: An Overview of the Issues by Riel Miller, Wolfgang Michalski and Barrie Stevens -- The Next Twenty-five Years of Technology: Opportunities and Risks by Joseph Coates -- Faster, Connected, Smarter by Hervé Gallaire -- Biotechnology for the 21st Century by Werner Arber and Mathis Brauchbar -- Technological Development and Organisational Change: Differing Patterns of Innovation by Meinolf Dierkes, Jeanette Hofmann and Lutz Marz -- Enabling Macro Conditions for Realising Technology's Potential by Emilio Fontela -- Global Possibilities: Technology and Planet-wide Challenges by Luc Soete
    Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , English
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  • 8
    ISBN: 1-280-08375-1 , 9786610083756 , 92-64-17506-7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (158 p.)
    DDC: 306.30941
    Schlagwort(e): Consumption (Economics) ; Cost and standard of living ; Sustainable development ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of household consumption patterns in five key areas: food, tourism-related travel, energy, water and waste generation. It brings together the various elements of household consumption that are necessary to better understand consumption trends and to identify the best policy options towards sustainable consumption. These include data on household consumption trends and drivers, environmental impacts, policy responses and policy recommendations. The analysis shows that environmental impacts from household activities have worsened over the last three decades and are expected to intensify even more over the next twenty years, particularly in the areas of energy, transport and waste if strong and comprehensive policies are not implemented. The book provides a framework and outlines the objectives of policies to promote sustainable consumption. It analyses the effectiveness of different types of policy instruments (regulatory, economic, social) in influencing consumer decision-making, and identifies combinations of instruments for promoting more sustainable consumption.
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Foreword; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Household Consumption Trends and Environmental Impacts; Chapter 3. Driving Forces Behind Household Consumption; Chapter 4. Policies to Promote Sustainable Household Consumption; Chapter 5. Policy Recommendations and Unresolved Policy Questions; References; Annex. Monitoring Progress Towards more Sustainable Household Consumption Patterns
    Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , English
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  • 9
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other papers
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how green growth and sustainable development policies can be incorporated into structural reform agendas. Indeed, as demonstrated in the report, many of these policies are closely linked and synergistic with the framework policies applied by G20 governments in their efforts to pursue strong and sustainable growth. The report, has been prepared in response to the request from G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in their communication of 25-26 February 2012 that asked the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), with the World Bank and the United Nation (UN), to prepare a report that provides options for G20 countries on inserting green growth and sustainable development policies into structural reform agendas, tailored to specific country conditions and level of development. The report will be an input to the G-20 leader's summit in Los Cabos and provides a toolkit of policy options from which countries may draw-upon when designing their own green growth strategies. The G20 development working group has also tasked the International Organizations with the development of a non-prescriptive toolkit of policy options to support inclusive green growth in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication in developing countries
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris :Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development,
    ISBN: 92-64-30525-4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (198 pages)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed.
    DDC: 304.8
    Schlagwort(e): Emigration and immigration. ; Children of immigrants. ; Immigrants. ; Labor policy. ; Finland Emigration and immigration. ; Economics ; Business & Economics
    Kurzfassung: While Finland's foreign-born population remains small by international standards, growth has been amongst the fastest in the OECD. Finland's foreign born population have lower employment rates than native-born Finns and women, in particular, are struggling to integrate and face incentives.
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