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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    ISBN: 9789264612457
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 110 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA publications
    Keywords: Gas ; Strukturwandel ; Energiewirtschaft ; Welt ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This World Energy Outlook special report examines the role of fuel switching, primarily from coal to natural gas, to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants. Four case studies, covering the United States, the European Union, the People’s Republic of China, and India, reveal the various opportunities, hurdles and limits of fuel switching as a way to address environmental challenges.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    ISBN: 9789264464537
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 131 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA publications
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; International ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The ASEAN member states have a long-standing goal to establish multilateral power trading in the region. To date, regional power trading has been limited to a series of uncoordinated bilateral cross-border arrangements. Multilateral power trading can bring multiple benefits, including reduced system costs, increased energy security and an ability to integrate higher shares of variable renewable energy. An examination of international experiences shows that it is possible to establish multilateral trading while allowing for stepwise and voluntary development and respecting local sovereignty. At the same time, increased cross-border integration and power trade does require increased co-ordination and regulatory harmonisation. This report identifies a set of minimum political, technical and institutional requirements that the ASEAN member states will need to meet in order to establish multilateral power trading in the region. Some of these minimum requirements can be met by building upon existing efforts in the region. The report also proposes a set of trading arrangements of increasing levels of ambition which, taken together, will enable ASEAN to establish multilateral power trading in a manner that is consistent with maximising national sovereignty and the equitable sharing of benefits. These recommendations include a summary of potential roles for regional institutions and an example transaction to show how trading might potentially work in practice.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    ISBN: 9789264799936
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 105 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA publications
    Keywords: CO2-Speicherung ; Klimaschutz ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Carbon capture, utilisation and storage will be an important part of the portfolio of technologies and measures needed to achieve climate and energy goals. In the International Energy Agency Clean Technology Scenario (CTS), a cumulative 107 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (Gt CO2) are permanently stored in the period to 2060, requiring a significant scale-up of CO2 storage from today’s levels. This report analyses the implications for the global energy system of CO2 storage facilities not being developed at the scale and pace needed to follow the optimised pathway of the CTS. By limiting CO2 storage availability to 10 Gt CO2 over the scenario period, the analysis provides insights into the additional measures and technologies that would be required in the power, industrial, transport and buildings sectors in order to achieve the same emissions reductions by 2060 as the CTS. The Limited CO2 Storage scenario variant (LCS) finds that restricting the role of CO2 storage would result in higher costs and significantly higher electricity demand, with 3 325 gigawatts of additional new generation capacity required relative to the CTS (a 17% increase). The main reason is that limiting the availability of CO2 storage would require much more widespread use of electrolytic hydrogen in industry and the production of synthetic hydrocarbon fuels. More generally, the LCS would increase reliance on technologies that are at an earlier stage of development. Beyond the scenario period of 2060, constraints on CO2 storage availability would also limit the availability of many carbon dioxide removal options, and may therefore not be consistent with the achievement of long-term climate goals.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    ISBN: 9789264574991
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA publications
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: New opportunities to use carbon dioxide (CO2) in the development of products and services are capturing the attention of governments, industry and the investment community. Climate change mitigation is the primary driver for this increased interest, but other factors include technology leadership and supporting a circular economy. This analysis considers the near-term market potential for five key categories of CO2-derived products and services: fuels, chemicals, building materials from minerals, building materials from waste, and CO2 use to enhance the yields of biological processes. While some technologies are still at an early stage of development, all five categories could individually be scaled-up to a market size of at least 10 MtCO2/yr – almost as much as the current CO2 demand for food and beverages – but most face commercial and regulatory barriers. CO2 use can support climate goals where the application is scalable, uses low-carbon energy and displaces a product with higher life-cycle emissions. Some CO2-derived products also involve permanent carbon retention, in particular building materials. A better understanding and improved methodology to quantify the life-cycle climate benefits of CO2 use applications are needed. The market for CO2 use is expected to remain relatively small in the short term, but early opportunities could be developed, especially those related to building materials. Public procurement of low-carbon products can help to create an early market for CO2-derived products and assist in the development of technical standards. In the long term, CO2 sourced from biomass or the air could play a key role in a net-zero CO2 emission economy, including as a carbon source for aviation fuels and chemicals.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264037816
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy Policies of IEA Countries; Germany 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Germany 2007
    Keywords: Energy ; Germany
    Abstract: Nur wenige Länder können einen so starken Effekt auf die Energiepolitik in Europa ausüben wie Deutschland. Auf Grund ihrer Größe und strategischen Lage spielt die Bundesrepublik eine entscheidende Rolle auf den Energiemärkten der Region, weshalb eine vernünftige Energiepolitik und starke Energiemarktgestaltung unerlässlich sind. Diesbezüglich macht die Bundesrepublik weiterhin bemerkenswerte Fortschritte. Sie hat die Reform ihrer Strom- und Erdgasmärkte fortgesetzt, einen Zeitplan für die Beendigung der Kohlesubventionen aufgestellt, ist im Begriff, wichtige Klima- und Umweltziele zu erfüllen und hat die Themenkreise Energie, Effizienz und Umwelt im Rahmen ihres EU-Ratsvorsitzes und ihrer G8-Präsidentschaft ganz oben auf die weltpolitische Agenda gestellt. Die Internationale Energie-Agentur (IEA) begrüßt diese Anstrengungen. Gleichwohl bleibt noch einiges zu tun, um Deutschlands Energiepolitiken und -märkte weiter zu verbessern. Der geplante Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie in den kommenden Jahren hätte erhebliche Auswirkungen auf den Energiemix des Landes und gibt daher Anlass zu Besorgnis in Bezug auf Versorgungssicherheit, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltverträglichkeit, für Deutschland ebenso wie für Europa insgesamt. Und auch wenn bereits Fortschritte erzielt wurden, muss doch mehr getan werden, um wirklich gleiche Bedingungen für alle Marktteilnehmer und damit die Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Wettbewerb auf den Strom- und Gasmärkten zu schaffen. Dazu bedarf es einer effektiven Trennung der Netzaktivitäten und starker Befugnisse für die Regulierungsbehörden. Die Umweltpolitik des Landes schließlich fördert zwar die Erfüllung ehrgeiziger Zielvorgaben, ist jedoch mit hohen Kosten verbunden – und gelegentlich geraten Maßnahmen in verschiedenen Politikbereichen miteinander in Konflikt. Diese Veröffentlichung befasst sich eingehend mit den energiepolitischen Herausforderungen, vor denen Deutschland steht, was durch eine kritische Analyse anhand von Vergleichen mit nachahmenswerten Beispielen aus anderen IEA-Ländern und Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Politik ergänzt wird. Damit soll Deutschland der Weg in eine nachhaltige Energiezukunft aufgezeigt werden.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264037946
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Despite four years of high oil prices, this report sees increasing market tightness beyond 2010, with OPEC spare capacity declining to minimal levels by 2012. A stronger demand outlook, together with project slippage and geopolitical problems has led to downward revisions of OPEC spare capacity by 2 mb/d in 2009. Despite an increase in biofuels production and a bunching of supply projects over the next few years, OPEC spare capacity is expected to remain relatively constrained before 2009 when slowing upstream capacity growth and accelerating non-OECD demand once more pull it down to uncomfortably low levels...
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264118492
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Buildings account for almost a third of final energy consumption globally and are an equally important source of CO2 emissions. Currently, both space heating and cooling as well as hot water are estimated to account for roughly half of global energy consumption in buildings. Energy-efficient and low/zero-carbon heating and cooling technologies for buildings have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 2 gigatonnes (Gt) and save 710 million tonnes oil equivalent (Mtoe) of energy by 2050. Most of these technologies – which include solar thermal, combined heat and power (CHP), heat pumps and thermal energy storage – are commercially available today. The Energy-Efficient Buildings: Heating and Cooling Equipment Roadmap sets out a detailed pathway for the evolution and deployment of the key underlying technologies. It finds that urgent action is required if the building stock of the future is to consume less energy and result in lower CO2 emissions. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions that stakeholders will need to take to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264180970
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (300 p.)
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The Central Asian/Transcaucasian region has the potential to become a significant producer and exporter of oil and gas. Estimates of its reserve base are on the scale of the North Sea. Over the next decade, as world oil demand continues to grow, the region will gain in importance by helping to diversify the sources of oil and gas for importing countries beyond traditional supply sources, including the Middle East. This comprehensive study provides detailed descriptions, data and analysis of the oil and gas sectors of Azerbaijan, Kazakstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It examines the potential for oil and gas production and exports, as well as technical, legal, financial and other barriers to fulfilling this potential. It also looks at export markets, investment frameworks and major investment projects underway and planned.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
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