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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (21.109)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (14.030)
  • Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan  (2.716)
  • Florence : Firenze University Press  (2.271)
  • Washington, D.C : World Bank  (2.092)
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031513077
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 183 p. 40 illus., 12 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Motion pictures ; Motion pictures
    Kurzfassung: 1.Setting the film studio stage -- 2. Cultures of innovation at Pinewood.-3. In the studio and on location 1 -- 4. In the studio and on location 2 -- 5. Managerial culture and labour relations at Pinewood -- 6. Cultural life at Pinewood -- 7. Anatomy of Pinewood in transition -- Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: This open access book examines how Pinewood came to be Britain’s dominant film studio complex, focusing on key years following the Second World War. It presents a revisionist, micro history organized around key themes that are crucial to understanding the studios’ longevity during a particularly turbulent period. Pinewood’s survival at a time when other major film studios such as Denham closed, is explained. The book examines contemporary insights into how Pinewood’s technologies and practices compared to Hollywood’s when filmmaking methods were being scrutinized. Thirteen films produced in 1946-7 are analysed in detail, tracking how economic pressures engendered many creative techniques and innovative technologies. Prevailing cultures of management and labour organization are foregrounded, as well as insights into being a studio employee. These are vividly brought to life through an in-depth focus on the in-house studio magazine the Pinewood Merry-Go Round which provides rare details of sports and leisure activities organized at the studios. Sarah Street is Professor of Film at the University of Bristol. Publications include British National Cinema (1997), Transatlantic Crossings: British Feature Films in the USA (2002), Colour Films in Britain: The Negotiation of Innovation, 1900-55 (2012), Chromatic Modernity: Color, Cinema, and Media of the 1920s (2019, with Joshua Yumibe), and The Eastmancolor Revolution (2021, with Keith M. Johnston, Paul Frith and Carolyn Rickards).
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 2
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031374357
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIX, 356 p. 35 illus.)
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    Schlagwort(e): Labor economics. ; Environmental economics. ; Economics. ; Social choice. ; Social inclusion ; Environmental sustainability ; Economic resilience ; Liberal economics ; Inequality ; Environmental crisis ; Economics growth ; Economic insecurity ; Commodification of labor ; Environmental exploitation ; International economic governance
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. The source of the fundamental disconnect in modern economics -- 3. The nature and causes of the living standards of nations -- 4. Comparative country data -- 5. International economic governance -- 6. Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: This open access book examines the chronic underperformance of economies with respect to inclusion, sustainability and resilience. It finds that the standard liberal economic growth and development model has evolved over the past century in a fundamentally unbalanced manner that underemphasizes the crucial role of institutions – legal norms, policy incentives and public administrative capacities – in translating market-based growth in the production of goods and services into broad and sustainable gains in social welfare at the household level. Correcting this imbalance of emphasis in economic theory and policy between markets and institutions, production and distribution, and national income and household living standards is the single most important step required to transcend 20th century trickle-down “neoliberalism” and replace it with a more human-centred model of economic progress in the 21st century. The book breaks new ground by integrating the principal institutional dimensions of the social contract into the heart of macroeconomic theory and presenting extensive corresponding reforms of domestic and international economic policy to refocus them on the median living standards, rather than primarily aggregate wealth or GDP, of nations. This is the bottom-line measure of national economic performance, and it depends on the strength of both markets of exchange and institutions in such areas as labour and social protection, financial and corporate governance, competition and rents, anti-corruption, infrastructure and basic necessities, environmental protection, education and skilling, etc. Extensive comparative data are presented demonstrating that countries at every level of economic development have ample policy space to narrow their “welfare gaps” – their underperformance on these and other key aspects of household living standards relative to the frontier of leading policy practice in peer countries. Richard Samans is Director of the International Labour Organization’s Research Department and its Sherpa to the G20, G7 and BRICS processes. .
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 3
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031350665
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIII, 579 p. 16 illus.)
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    Schlagwort(e): Finance, Public. ; Accounting. ; Development economics. ; Public Financial Management ; Public Financial Management reform ; Internal control reform ; Developing economies ; Quality of public service delivery ; Public finance ; Managerial reforms ; Transition economy countries ; Effective public financial management ; Public financial management in LMICs ; Approaches to introducing PFM ; Public sector accountability and transparency ; Public sector budgetary management and control ; Public sector efficiency and effectiveness ; Public sector financial management ; Public sector internal control ; Public sector management
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Financial control and financial management in the public sector: a managerial perspective -- Chapter 2: Implementing public financial management and internal control (PFM/IC -- Chapter 3: The distinction between public financial management and internal control (PFM/IC) and public financial administration and internal control (PFA/IC) -- Chapter 4: The practical steps for initiating a successful PFM/IC reform -- Chapter 5: The particular responsibilities of the minister of finance and the ministry in the development of a PFM/IC policy -- Chapter 6: Risks and unintended consequences of the reform -- Chapter 7: The responsibilities of the top operational management official for the implementation and quality control of PFM/IC -- Chapter 8: The role of the head of finance and the finance department in line ministries and other public organisations with the application of PFM/IC -- Chapter 9: The role of the department responsible for advising on and securing the application of PFM/IC -- Chapter 10: Achieving the benefits that introducing PFM/IC can generate and accounting for the costs -- Chapter 11: International standards of internal control relevant to the application of PFM/IC -- Chapter 12: Managing and controlling second level organisations – the responsibilities of the first level organisation -- Chapter 13: Monitoring the change from administration to management – demonstrating this through the utilisation of a statement of internal control -- Chapter 14: Public sector reform, delegation and the impact upon PFM/IC.
    Kurzfassung: This open access book focuses on the ‘downstream’ element of PFM, that is how public organisations utilise public resources. It argues that improvements in PFM/IC will only flow from a recognition that what really matters is the quality of management. Management reform is an essential precondition to the successful implementation of many new techniques. Only when a managerial capacity exists willing to take advantage of the opportunities created by such technical developments, is it beneficial to pursue them. The benefits of PFM/IC flow from an improved quality of management. Despite enormous efforts, reform of public financial management and internal control (PFM/IC) in developing and transition economy countries has not been particularly successful in improving the quality of public service delivery and the use of public resources. This book outlines why this is and suggests a new approach. The analysis set out in this book is particularly relevant especially given limited national budgets and squeezed international aid budgets. These management changes include to the political/official relationships, to management structures, to budgetary and accounting arrangements and to the relationships between, particularly, the ministry of finance and other ministries. They require the delegation of operational management, developments in financial management and in accountability arrangements and a reconsideration of personnel policies, penalty and sanction arrangements. Managerial training for the civil service will be a key requirement. Reform may impact upon traditional cultural practices. These changes are all inter-related and should be coordinated. Noel Hepworth was the Chief Executive of CIPFA from 1980-1996. He is a qualified public finance accountant and was the initial Chairman of Accountancy of Europe’s Public Sector Committee and a technical adviser to IFAC’s Public Sector Accounting Standards Board for a period of years. More recently, he has worked extensively with OECD/SIGMA in many countries. Earlier in his career he worked in local government. He was an original member of the UK Audit Commission. He holds a post graduate diploma in public administration from the University of London. He has been awarded honorary doctorates by the Universities of Hull, Brighton and London City. He is a Fellow of the Center of Excellence in Finance, Slovenia and was awarded an OBE by Her Majesty the Queen in 1980.
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9783031370502
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 331 p. 22 illus.)
    Serie: Studies in Economic Transition
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    Schlagwort(e): Economics. ; Microeconomics. ; Europe ; Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics. ; Post-socialist transformations ; Socialist elites ; Transfer of knowledge ; Entrepreneurial talent ; Radical institutional change ; Economic modernization ; Structural change and innovation ; Technological progress ; Macroeconomic transformation ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- 2. From East to West: Modernization efforts in the northern and western regions of Poland (1944-1989) -- 3. The importance of technical progress for economic growth in the GDR -- 4. Inefficiency and intransparency in East German foreign trade -- 5. Historical Legacies of Regional Innovation Activity -- 6. Catching-up modernization: Synthetic fibre in the GDR and Poland -- 7. The re-allocation of entrepreneurial talent over the course of radical institutional change – an institutional perspective -- 8. When backwardness became an advantage: Stays abroad as birth assist in Polish transformation -- 9. Transfer of knowledge from the outside or self-learning? Key success criteria for setting-up enterprises in East Germany and Poland after 1989 -- 10. GDR’s researchers catching up on their inclusion in international scientific communities -- 11. After 1989: Socialist elites and post-socialist transformations.
    Kurzfassung: This open access book examines how different economic systems impacted the development of East Germany and Poland. Through comparing these countries while they were centrally planned socialist economies with the periods when they transitioned to capitalism, the inability of socialist economies to modernize effectively and produce sustained economic growth is highlighted. Particular attention is given the role of technological progress in economic growth, peculiar institutions, the creation and transfer of knowledge, and post-socialist transformations. The book presents a detailed analysis of the barriers to modernization and growth implied by Soviet-type state socialism and the differences and similarities between the transition of East Germany and Poland to capitalist market economies. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in comparative systems and the political economy. Jutta Günther is Professor of Economics at the University of Bremen. Dagmara Jajeśniak-Quast is Professor of Economics at the European University Viadrina. Udo Ludwig is a Researcher at the Halle Institute for Economic Research and an Emeritus Honorary Professor at Leipzig University. Hans-Jürgen Wagener is an Emeritus Professor at the European University Viadrina.
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9783031469299
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 532 p. 10 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    DDC: 305.2
    Schlagwort(e): Sociology. ; Social groups. ; Culture. ; Digital media. ; Developmental psychology.
    Kurzfassung: Part I From Established to New Perspectives on Children and Young People’s Use of Digital Technology -- 1. How Can We Understand the Everyday Digital Lives of Children and Young People? -- 2. Digitally Disengaged and Digitally Unconfident Children in Europe -- 3. The Digital Divide: Understanding Vulnerability and Risk in Children and Young People’s Everyday Digital Lives -- 4. Children’s Digital Boundary Crossings When Moving in Between Porous Ecosystems -- 5. Investigating Patterns of Digital Socialisation During Leisure Through Multimodal Social Research -- 6. Children’s and Young People’s ICT Experiences in School Education: Participatory Research Design to Engage Children and Young People as Experts in Research -- Part II Exploring Agency and Well-being in Everyday Digital Lives -- 7. A Developmental View on Digital Vulnerability and Agency of Children Under 10 Years of Age -- 8. Discourses and Gender Divides in Children’s Digital Everyday Lives -- 9. ICT Use and Children’s Self-reported Life Satisfaction -- 10. ‘Of Gaming and Other Demons’: Defining Children and Young People’s Meaningful Leisure Activities in the Digital Era -- 11. Perspectives of Children and Young People on Their Education as Preparation for Their Future in the Digital Age: In-depth Qualitative Study in Five European Countries -- 12. Social Media as a Shaper, Enabler, and Hurdle in Youth Political Participation -- 13. Talking About Digital Responsibility: Children’s and Young People’s Voices -- 14. Intersecting Knowledge on Young People’s Well-Being and Use of Digital Technology Across Contexts: A Scoping Review Synthesis -- Part III A New Response to Risk and Vulnerability: Influencing Social Policy in the Digital Age -- 15. Developing a Toolkit for Contributing to Digital Competence: A Review of Existing Resources -- 16. EU Policy Reflections on the Intersections Between Digital and Social Policies Supporting Children as Digital Citizens -- .
    Kurzfassung: This Open Access book presents an in-depth portrait of the use and impact of digital technologies by learners ages 5-18 years in their everyday lives. The portrait is framed by the ecological-systems theory and situated across four domains: home, leisure time, education, and civic participation. Various methodological approaches are used in innovative ways to analyze data collected in a large-scale EU Horizon 2020 project. The purpose of this edited collection is to shed light on both beneficial and harmful effects of digital technology from a perspective that children are active agents who are empowered to accentuate the positives of digital technology use and over common challenges that inhibit digital competence with support from education stakeholders. This is an open access book. Halla B. Holmarsdottir is Professor at the Faculty of Education and International Studies, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Idunn Seland is associate professor at the Faculty of Education and International Studies, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Christer Hyggen is Research professor at the department of Youth research under the Centre for Welfare and Labour Research, Norwegian Social research at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway. Maria Roth is a Professor Emerita at from Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania.
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 6
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031450471
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 364 p. 22 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Language and languages ; Ethnology ; Culture. ; Latin American literature. ; Language policy. ; Knowledge, Sociology of.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Part I Tracing the Development of Discourses in the Caribbean -- Chapter 2. Styles and Stylistic Change in Creole Languages: Formal Language in the Eastern Maroon Creole -- Chapter 3. Towards a Discursive History of the Caribbean as a History of Genres -- Part II Discourse and Public Policy in the Caribbean -- Chapter 4. Critical Discourse Studies and Curriculum Development in Trinidad and Tobago: Exploring Discursive Practices in Education Policy -- Part III Discursive Constructions of the Caribbean Prime Minister -- Chapter 5. Taking Responsibility: Conceptual Metaphor and the Accession Stage of Leadership in Eric Williams’ Inward Hunger: The Making of a Prime Minister -- Chapter 6. Masking the Critic: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Editorials -- Chapter 7. “The Most Honourable Brogad”: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Jamaica’s Prime Minister as Hero, Sex Symbol and Villain on Social Media -- Part IV Stylistic Appraisals of Caribbean Literary Discourse -- Chapter 8. “He Was Oppressed by a Sense of Loss”: Stylistic Constructions of the Tragic in A House for Mr Biswas -- Chapter 9. Selvon’s Stylistics: Self-Conscious Language Production in An Island Is a World -- Chapter 10. Storifying Caribbean Cricket: Voice and Perspective in Paul Keens-Douglas’s “Tanti at de Oval” -- Part V Gender, Media, and Discourse in the Caribbean -- Chapter 11. Digital Discourses on Gender-Based Violence in Trinidad and Tobago -- Chapter 12. Media Representation of Gender-Based Violence in Two Cases and Related Examples: A Multimodal Discursive Study./.
    Kurzfassung: This edited collection represents a first-of-its-kind exploration of English-related discourses in the Caribbean. Drawing from Critical Discourse and stylistic analyses, the book's wide-ranging chapters examine language as it is produced within the complex demographic milieu of the region. It addresses a critical lack of linguistic scholarship on discourse types from the Caribbean, since the major academic focus in the post-independence era has been on descriptive and interventionist work in Creole Linguistics. This volume seeks to add new dimensions to language in practice with its focus on the development of discourse types within the region, public policy, discourses surrounding the galvanising figure of the Caribbean Prime Minister, literary discourses, and gender and media representations. As a site of great variation, linguistic and otherwise, the Caribbean provides unique insight into the interplay of the socio-political and language in contemporary societies in the Global South. Based on work presented at the University of Trinidad and Tobago’s “Stylistics, Critical Discourse Analysis and Language Use in the Caribbean” 2021 conference, the book draws together papers from established Caribbeanists seeking to bridge the existing theoretical and analytical gap between the more macro, socio-political aspects of studies in the social sciences, and the more micro features of linguistic analysis. With its breadth of coverage and analysis, this volume has implications for work being done at all levels of university scholarship in the social sciences, media discourses, decolonisation practices, and language and society in postcolonial and multi-ethnic contexts worldwide. Ryan Durgasingh is a Research Fellow at Ruhr University, Bochum, and PhD candidate at the University of Münster, Germany, where his work focuses on morphosyntactic variation in Caribbean Englishes. His research interests include stylistics, Critical Discourse Studies, variationist sociolinguistics, and corpus-based approaches to linguistic analysis. Nicha Selvon-Ramkissoon is an Assistant Professor at the Centre for Education Programmes, University of Trinidad and Tobago. Her main areas of interest are in Language Arts Curriculum Development, Second Dialect/Language Pedagogy, Critical Discourse Studies, and Translanguaging pedagogy for migrant communities.
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  • 7
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031545412
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 274 p. 36 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Language and languages ; Translating and interpreting. ; Multilingualism. ; Teachers
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction: Translation and Own-Language Use in Language Teaching - The Quest for Optimal Practice -- 2. Translation and Own-language Use in Language Teaching – The Origins of the Monolingual Conquest -- 3. Translation and Own-language Use in Language Teaching – Key Arguments and Challenges -- 4. Translation and Own-language Use in Language Teaching – The Theoretical Framework and the OTP in ELT Model -- 5.Translation and Own-Language Use in Teacher Education – the Project -- 6. Conclusion. .
    Kurzfassung: This book reconsiders the role of translation and own-language use in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) classroom. It shows prospective teachers how to use the learners’ own language and translation optimally. The author surveys current research about the EFL classroom and presents both a theoretical framework and a didactic model for using translation and learners’ mother tongues. This is done through an action research project, assessing the proposed didactic model for optimal translation practice in English Language teaching (OTP in ELT) through its integration into teacher education. The book will be of interest to students and researchers in the areas of Translation Studies and Applied Linguistics (particularly EFL, ESL, TEFL and TESOL), as well as educators and designers of pre-service training programmes for language teachers. Eva Skopečková is an Assistant Professor at the University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic. .
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  • 8
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031554971
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXV, 270 p. 37 illus., 34 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Cultural property.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Politicisation and crisis -- Chapter 2: Bringing the World Heritage regime into view -- Chapter 3: The Faustian pact -- Chapter 4: The name of the orchid: expertise and the sustainable generation of prestige -- Chapter 5: Burnishing the lustre of prestige -- Chapter 6: Brokering between prestige and protection -- Chapter 7: Beneficiaries: experts in the market for prestige -- Chapter 8: From 'World Champion of World Heritage' to 'superpower of culture': World Heritage, prestige and international status -- Chapter 9: Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: “Deploying … cogent theoretical ideas, lively observations from multilateral meeting rooms and candid remarks confided by key players, James shows how … politics and expertise are inevitably intertwined. Readers interested in heritage conservation, global governance and the political economy of knowledge in our post-truth times will be inspired by his piercing analysis.” (— Christoph Brumann, Head of Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany “By foregrounding the figurative and reciprocal economy of ‘prestige’ in the world of heritage conservation, this thorough, empirically grounded study … opens new and important lines of enquiry in understanding the politics of the past in the present. In doing so, the book makes a significant intervention in current debates regarding world heritage and the future of cultural heritage conservation...” — Rodney Harrison, Professor of Heritage Studies, University College London, UK “Interesting and thought-provoking, this book … gives us a glimpse into the inner workings of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. Engaging and readable, it brings a fresh approach to our understanding of the implementation of the World Heritage Convention.” — Claire Cave, Assistant Professor School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Ireland Addressing the topic of expertise in international cultural conservation, this book argues that the UNESCO World Heritage regime emerged as a Faustian pact between protection and prestige, and a productive tension between these elements remains at its core, embodied by the heritage expert. Tracing experts’ practices in the World Heritage regime, this book shows how they burnish, broker and themselves benefit from World Heritage prestige. As World Heritage prestige also contributes to states’ international status claims, the stakes are raised, with both the denouement of the pact and the future for World Heritage poised between condemnation and redemption. Luke James is a heritage studies scholar, lawyer and heritage practitioner specialising in World Heritage and international conservation governance. Luke is Lecturer, Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies at Deakin University and previously worked in the Australian Government’s International Heritage Section, with UNESCO and as a heritage consultant.
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  • 9
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031535451
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 173 p. 7 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
    Serie: New Directions in Irish and Irish American Literature
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    Schlagwort(e): Theater ; Theater. ; Cultural industries.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Introduction: The Irish Repertory Theatre Company: Celebrating Thirty-Five Years Off-Broadway -- Chapter 2: Charlotte Moore and Ciarán O’Reilly: “Smitten With Magic of the Theatre” -- Chapter 3: Opening Season: 1988-1989 and Season 2: 1989-1990: The Plough and the Stars, Whistle in the Dark, Yeats! A Celebration, and Philadelphia, Here I Come! -- Chapter 4: Grandchild of Kings: Harold Prince Takes the Helm, and Highlights From Seasons 3-7: 1990-1995 -- Chapter 5: Renting a Home in Chelsea, and Highlights from Season 8: 1995-1996 -- Chapter 6: The Irish … and How They Got That Way: Highlights from Seasons 9-15: 1996-2003 -- Chapter 7: Purchasing Their Home in Chelsea and Highlights from Seasons 16-22: 2003-2009 -- Chapter 8: From Renovation and Reopening to a Global Pandemic, Plus Highlights from Seasons 23-34: 2010-2022 -- Chapter 9: Conclusion: The Ongoing Success of the Irish Rep, and What Lies Ahead.
    Kurzfassung: The Irish Repertory Theatre: Celebrating Thirty-Five Years Off-Broadway is the first book-length history of the multi-award winning Off-Broadway Irish Repertory Theatre Company, from its beginning in 1988 to its thirty-fifth season in 2023. The book considers how the Irish Rep’s plays and musicals reflect the Irish diaspora, the relationship between Ireland and America, and what it means to be Irish and Irish American, both historically, and in the twenty-first century, including how the Irish Rep is showcasing more diverse voices and experiences, from women, the LGBTQIA+ community, and Irish and Irish American people of color. Maria Szasz holds degrees from the University of British Columbia, Emerson College, and the University of New Mexico. Her publications include Brian Friel and America (2013), and “Lyra McKee (1990-2019): ‘How Uncomfortable Conversations Can Save Lives,’” in The Rose and Irish Identity (2021). Szasz is a second generation UNM faculty member who teaches Theatre History in the UNM Honors College. She lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico, with her husband and their garden.
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  • 10
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031406249
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 273 p. 37 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
    Serie: New Dramaturgies
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    Schlagwort(e): Theater ; Theater. ; Cultural industries.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter1. Multilingual Dramaturgies: Theories, Politics, and European landscape -- Part I: Questions Of Language -- Chapter 2. The Failures of Multilingual Dramaturgies: The blind poet by Needcompany -- Chapter 3. Multisensory, Multilingual Dramaturgy as a Tool for Social Change: Nie Mów Nikomu (Don’t Tell Anyone) by Scena Robocza.-Chapter 4. Dramaturgy of Incomprehensibility and Encounter in Odin Teatret’s The Tree -- Part II: Multilingual Adaptations -- Chapter 5. Multilingual Histories of Europe: Sir David Pountney on The Passenger and Memories of Auschwitz -- Chapter 6. Multilingualism as Mask and Virus: The Dialogue with Tradition in the Theatre of Radosław Rychci -- Chapter 7. Actors as Creators of Multilingual Dramaturgies: Teatro Inverso and Their Transnational Adaptations -- Part III: Local And Trans-Local Tales Of Cities And Their Communities -- Chapter 8. Dramaturging the Multilingual Community: Dramaturg Nina Thunnissen on the Work of Frisian Tryater -- Chapter 9. Multilingualismand Dramaturgy of History and Democracy: the Lithuanian National Theatre’s Žalia pievelė -- Chapter 10. Local and Global Politics in Malmö’s Teater Foratt and Teater JaLaDa -- Part IV:Webbed Dramaturgies -- Chapter 11. Towards Porous Europe: Multilingual Dramaturgies in Rimini Protokoll’s 100% City -- Chapter 12. Towards Aesthetics of Transatlantic Theatre: Multilingualism in SignDance Collective International’s production of Carthage/Cartagena by Caridad Svich.-Chapter 13. Making Europe: How Anne Bérélowitch’s Directorial and Training Practices Open Spaces for New Multilingual Dramaturgies -- Chapter 14. Towards New European Theatre.
    Kurzfassung: “A brilliant book on the practices and politics of making multilingual theatre in a in a European continent in flux where language is anything but stable.” — Professor Maria Delgado, Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, University of London “Profoundly impactful for our understanding of dramaturgy, translation, collaboration.” —Professor Patrick Lonergan, University of Galway Multilingual Dramaturgies provides a study of dramaturgical practices in contemporary multilingual theatre in Europe. Featuring interviews with international theatremakers, the book gives an insight to diverse approaches towards multilingual theatre and its dramaturgy that reflect cultural, political, and economic landscapes of contemporary Europe, its inhabitants, and its theatres. First-hand accounts are contextualized to reveal a complex set of negotiations involved in the creative and political tasks of staging multilingualism and engaging the audience, as well as in practical issues like funding and developing working models. By bringing voices of artists together and providing a critical commentary, the book reveals multilingual dramaturgies as webbed practices of differences that also offer new ways of understanding and performing identity in European context. Multilingual Dramaturgies sheds light on an exciting theatre practice, argues for its central role in European future, and highlights potential directions for its further development. Kasia Lech is a scholar, actor, storyteller, dramaturg, puppeteer, and Associate Professor in Global Performance History at the University of Amsterdam. Her research and creative practice explore theatre through practice-based and traditional scholarship and primarily focus on theatre in relation to multilingualism, verse, translation, migration, dramaturgy, and cross-cultural encounters. Kasia is the author of Dramaturgy of Form: Performing Verse in Contemporary Theatre (2021). She performed internationally and co-founded Polish Theatre Ireland, a multilingual theatre company based in Dublin. She is an Executive Director at TheTheatreTimes.com, a global theatre portal which seeks to decolonize theatre criticism. She co-convenes the Translation Adaptation Dramaturgy working group at the International Federation for Theatre Research. .
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  • 11
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031543500
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 187 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in Victims and Victimology
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    Schlagwort(e): Corrections. ; Punishment. ; Victims of crimes. ; Human rights. ; Critical criminology. ; Criminology.
    Kurzfassung: 1 The safety paradox and beyond: why we should study inter-prisoner victimisation -- 2 Who’s who? Individual characteristics of those involved in sexual assaults in adult men’s prisons in England and Wales -- 3 Every victim is unique: Explaining victimisation among prisoners in Flanders -- 4 The victim-offender overlap in prisons -- 5 Vulnerability and victimhood in prison -- 6 Independent monitoring and victimisation in prisons -- 7 Methodological challenges to victimisation studies.
    Kurzfassung: People in prison are usually (and often exclusively) seen and approached as persons who have committed one or more crimes and who have to pay their debt to society. However, while in prison, they often get victimised themselves. Research has demonstrated that prisons tend to be unsafe environments where various forms of victimisation take place. These forms of victimisation often go unnoticed and usually do not attract much interest from policymakers or society at large: prisoners are, indeed, far from ‘ideal victims’. This book is devoted to understanding prisoner victimisation, in particular from a European perspective. Chapters in this volume focus on recent empirical work in a number of European countries (Belgium, England and Wales and the Netherlands). These chapters are complemented with a series of reflections from a conceptual, methodological and human rights perspective.
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  • 12
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031495199
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXII, 420 p. 2 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Journalism. ; Communication in politics. ; Religions.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Democracy, News Media, and Religion -- Chapter 3: Religion in the News Media -- Chapter 4: Investigating Religion in the British and Turkish Press -- Chapter 5: The Volume of Coverage of Religion Overall, Christianity, and Islam in British and Turkish Newspapers -- Chapter 6: Framing Religion -- Chapter 7: News Sources -- Chapter 8: Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: “[…] solidifies religion as an essential topic for journalism studies, an invaluable contribution to scholars of both religion and journalism.” —Associate Professor Gregory P. Perreault, Zimmerman School, University of South Florida, USA “[…] illuminates how, in differing national contexts, state and private sector interests interface with varied media representations of religious majorities and minorities.” —Dr. Paul Weller, Regent’s Park College, University of Oxford, and Emeritus Professor, University of Derby, UK “[…] a useful, significant, original and unique contribution to the scholarly discourse on religion in the news.” —Research Professor Ihsan Yilmaz, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia “This empirical study, I believe, will have a significant impact both on researchers and journalists willing to rethink their approaches and revise their practices.” —Associate Professor Victor Khroul, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Slovakia This book introduces the first systematic and unified four-dimension democratic approach to newspaper religion reporting. It explores the coverage of faith, with a particular focus on Christianity and Islam, in the British and Turkish national press. The results of framing analysis, conducted through content analysis of 1,022 news articles, reveal that, in both countries, alongside the contrasting portrayals of the minority religions, even the dominant religions had a disproportioned employment of the four dimensions – spiritual, world life, political, and conflict. It contributes to scholarship not only empirically but also theoretically and methodologically, with its theoretical and methodological contribution surpassing its empirical findings. As such, it will transcend geographical and temporal boundaries, making it appealing and relevant to an international audience of academics, professionals, and students in the fields of journalism, religion, democracy, media, communication, society, and culture, as well as individuals from various backgrounds. Dr Ahmed Topkev is a university teacher at Cardiff University’s School of Journalism, Media and Culture.
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  • 13
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031417375
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XLIV, 253 p. 15 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Communication in politics. ; Social media.
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1-Introduction: European Public Sphere, Populism and Twitter -- Chapter2- Data and Methodology in the Twitter EP2019 Analysis. -PART I Democratic Corporatist Countries. Chapter 3- The Netherlands: Populism from Margins to the Mainstream -- Chapter 4- Germany: Transnationalisation of Populist Radical Right -- Chapter 5- Finland: Populist Polarisation of Finnish Political Communication -- PART II Polarised Pluralist Countries. Chapter 6- Italy: Mixed Populism and Agenda-Setting in Election Campaign -- Chapter 7- Spain: Rising Right-Wing Populism -- PART III Liberal Countries. Chapter 8- Ireland: Emerging Right-Wing Populism -- Chapter 9- The UK: Brexit and Competing Populism -- Chapter 10- Comparison and Conclusions: What Twitter Campaigns Tell Us about Populism and Europeanisation of National Public Spheres?.
    Kurzfassung: This volume approaches the relationship between European public sphere and political communication in the framework of establishing populism and social media. The empirical analysis focuses on the comparison between different EU countries during the 2019 EP elections campaign. The data for the analysis was collected real time from Twitter in the Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Italy, Spain, Ireland and the UK. during a month period and are analyzed with both computerized quantitative and manual qualitative methods. The book introduces a new perspective in conceptualizing populism in comparative analysis, in which populism is understood rather as an antagonist logic of political identity formation than pre-defined political ideologies, movements or party cleavages. We approach implications of populist construction of ‘us’ and ‘not us’ in national contexts of 2019 EP election campaigns to find out the relationality between different political actors and parties. A special attention is paid to national/transnational and European/Eurosceptic tendencies in campaign rhetoric. By using a unique idea of ‘hashtag publics’ we approach the common Twitter discussions around the elections and ask: what particular topics and themes did different political actors distribute over Twitter during the 2019 EP elections, how were various topics and actors linked to each other, and how were campaign agendas and actors linked to populism? Juha Herkman is an Associate Professor of Media and Communication Studies at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Emilia Palonen works as a Senior University Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Helsinki. Chapter-No.1,Chapter-No.4 and Chapter-No. 8 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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  • 14
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031567063
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 268 p.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Theology. ; Catholic Church. ; Religion and politics.
    Kurzfassung: Part One – What Did the Council Teach and What’s Wrong with It? -- Chapter One: Why Study Vatican II on Church-State Relations? -- Chapter Two: Survey of Conciliar Documents on Ecclesiology and the Lay Apostolate in Politics -- chapter Three: Defining the Debate in Political Theology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Two ways of classifying political theology to be rejected -- 3.3 A qualified acceptance of an alternative classification -- Chapter Four: Reading DH through the Lens of Ecclesial Ethics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 'Not Late Enough: The Divided Mind of Dignitatis Humanae Personae' -- 4.3 Distinguishing the arguments that are distinctive to ecclesial ethics -- 4.4 First argument: DH's distinctions between nature-grace, reason-revelation -- 4.5 Second argument: distinction between religion and politics -- Chapter Five: Reading LG, AA, and GS through the Lens of Ecclesial Ethics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The structure of Cavanaugh's argument -- 5.3 The problematic ecclesiology underlying Catholic Action -- 5.4 The elusive presence of Vatican II in Cavanaugh's thought -- 5.5 The critique of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church -- 5.6 The critique of the Decree on the Lay Apostolate -- 5.7 The critique of the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World -- 5.8 Summary of critique -- Chapter Six: A Critique of Hauerwas and Cavanaugh -- 6.1 Why Hauerwas and Cavanaugh are not sectarians -- 6.2 The modern state as an irredeemable foe -- 6.3 The church as a contrast society -- 6.4 Conclusion -- Part Two – How Can the Church’s Teaching be Corrected? -- Chapter Seven: Methodological Introduction -- Chapter Eight: Powers and Principalities in the New Testament -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Scholarship on the Powers -- 8.3 The Powers: Created, fallen, defeated -- 8.4 Political authority as one of the Powers -- 8.5 Oliver O'Donovan on the Powers and political authority -- 8.6 Conclusion -- Chapter Nine: Deliverance from the Powers in the church -- 9.1 The sacramental shape of the church -- 9.2 Baptism -- 9.3 Eucharist -- 9.4 Participating in the threefold office: Prophet, Priest, King -- 9.5 Ordained ministry -- Chapter Ten: Learning from the Ambiguous Legacy of Christendom -- 10.1 Bearing witness before the Powers -- 10.2 Mission leading to martyrdom or mutual service -- 10.3 From Two Cities to Two Swords -- 10.4 The Gospel’s impact on political authorities -- Chapter Eleven – Conclusion -- Bibliography.
    Kurzfassung: “To revisit the legacy of Vatican II as it attempted to reconstruct the relation of church and state around a theology of the laity; to honour its ambitions to escape from the straitjacket of a two-level theory of authority; to enrich it with concepts drawn from the primary missionary impulses of the apostolic church and the debates of contemporary political theology; those are the very considerable ambitions of this constantly stimulating book. It should prove rewarding to Christians in all churches, taking one major Christian achievement of the twentieth century as a starting point for an ecumenical approach to the challenges of political life in the twenty first.” —Oliver O'Donovan, Professor Emeritus, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Should religion and politics be kept apart? What should be the relationship between the church and the state? M.Y. Ciftci answers these questions by studying the most important event in the recent history of the Catholic Church: The Second Vatican Council (1962-65). The book provides a new interpretation of the Council’s teaching on church-state relations to better appreciate its flaws and need for reform. By paying attention to the (often overlooked) importance given by the Council to the lay apostolate, it reveals how the Council did not reform, as is often thought, but retained a flawed conception of the laity’s role in politics. It then proposes a new framework for understanding church-state relations using the ressourcement method of returning to scripture and tradition, and by a critical dialogue with Oliver O’Donovan and various Protestant biblical scholars of the Powers in the New Testament. Ciftci shows how fruitful an self-consciously ecumenical approach can be for political theology. As most ressourcement theologians have overlooked political issues, and since ecumenical theology rarely touches on issues of church-state relations, this work makes an original contribution to the ressourcement project and to ecumenism. M. Y. Ciftci is Public Bioethics Fellow at the Anscombe Bioethics Centre. He was previously Etienne Gilson Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto.
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  • 15
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031490842
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 512 p. 6 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Journalism. ; Communication in science. ; Communication in the environmental sciences. ; Communication in politics.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction -- Part I Core Issues in Science and Health Journalism -- 2 Journalistic conceptualisation of science and health: An overview -- 3 Who speaks for/on science & health? Use of sources by science and health reporters -- 4. Who are science and health journalists? -- 5. Numeracy in science and health journalism -- 6. Uncertainty in the process of risk communication for public health: An integrative theory-based approach -- 7. Muzzling misinformation: Drawing from other disciplines and engaging health and science journalists as research collaborators -- 8 Understanding complexity in science/health: The challenges for two cultures -- Part II Reporting Formats and Audiences -- 9 Inclusion and exclusion in science and health journalism -- 10. The politics and economics of health and science journalism on TV -- 11. Telling science/health stories in audio -- 12. Social media and science/health reporting -- 13. Innovative journalism practices: Insights for reporting science and health issues -- Part III Key science and health topics in the media: Now and in the future -- 14. Journalism for the climate and biodiversity crises -- 15. Media coverage of space science and exploration.-16. Covering major epidemics/pandemics -- 17. News coverage of science and health policy: Impacts on public opinion and policy -- 18. It’s not all bad news: Solutions-oriented journalism approaches -- Part IV The impact of science and health reporting -- 19 Science and health journalism and its effects on audiences -- 20. Science and health journalism in the digital age and its implications on public trust -- 21. Politicisation of science and health topics -- 22. Treading waters: The many socio-ethical challenges of science and health journalism -- 23. Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: This handbook reviews the extant literature on the most important issues in health and science journalism, with a focus on summarizing the relevant research and identifying key questions that are yet to be answered. It explores challenges and best practices in health and science reporting, formats and audiences, key topics such as climate change, pandemics and space science, and the ethics and political impacts of science and health journalist practice. With numerous international contributions, it provides a comprehensive overview of an emerging area of journalism studies and science communication. Kim Walsh-Childers is Professor of Journalism at University of Florida, USA. Her research focuses on news coverage of health issues and mass media effects on individual health beliefs and behaviors and on health policy development. Merryn McKinnon is an Associate Professor at the Centre for the Public Awareness of Science at the Australian National University. Merryn’s research draws from her background in science, science communication and journalism to explore the factors influencing relationships between science, media and publics.
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  • 16
    ISBN: 9783031494468
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 339 p.)
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
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    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Economics. ; Latin America ; Economic history. ; Institutionalisation of Political Economy ; International Circulation of Economic Ideas ; New Latin American Republics ; Trade Policy ; Translations of Political Economy ; Late Enlightenment ; Spanish Liberalism ; Monetary Policy ; Public Finances ; Classical Political Economy ; Atlantic History ; Spanish Exile ; José Joaquín de Mora
    Kurzfassung: 1. Introduction. A distinctive proponent of classical political economy in the Spanish-speaking world -- 2. The Absolutism six-year Period (1814-1820). Encountering Smith and Say -- 3. The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823). Mora, Bentham and radical liberalism -- 4. London (1824-1827). The approach to British Classical political economy -- 5. Argentina (1827-1828). An early attempt to introduce economic liberalism in Hispanic America -- 6. Chile (1828-1832): 'El Mercurio Chileno' and the model of economic development for the Hispanic American republics -- 7. Peru and Bolivia. Teaching, journalism and diplomacy -- 8. Back to Spain (1843-1853). The debate on free trade in Spain under the sway of moderate liberalism -- 9. Mora and the Enciclopedia Moderna’s (1853-1855) entries on Political Economy and Public Finance -- 10. Mora and the articles for the journal 'La América': Dialoguing once again with Latin America from Spain -- 11. Epilogue. The art of dissemination.
    Kurzfassung: This book examines the dissemination, adaptation, and application of classical economic ideas within the Hispanic world through the life of José Joaquín de Mora. Focusing on the decades surrounding the creation of the Latin American republics, it highlights how ideas from the classical political economy, including liberalism and free trade, were pioneered in the work of Mora and disseminated across the Spanish speaking world. Particular attention is given to the influence of Mora in Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Bolivia and how he helped shape their economic development models and political environments. This book examines the essential role José Joaquín de Mora played in the ideological and political modernisation of Latin America. It will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought and the political economy. Jesús Astigarraga is Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Javier Usoz is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Zaragoza. Juan Zabalza is Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Alicante.
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  • 17
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    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031444203
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 283 p. 34 illus., 32 illus. in color.)
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    Schlagwort(e): Development economics. ; Latin America ; Social choice. ; Welfare economics. ; Economics. ; Latin America ; Welfare State ; Latin American Economics ; Latin American Studies ; Welfare Economics ; Economic Systems ; social insurance system ; social protection system
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Introduction: The Welfare State as a Social Compromise.-Chapter 2: Four Worlds of Latin American Welfare States -- Chapter 3: The Political Economy of the Statist and Socio-Corporatist Welfare States -- Chapter 4: The Political Economy of the Commodified, the Familiarist and hybrid Welfare States -- Chapter 5: The Latin American Health Systems -- Chapter 6: The Welfare State and the Wage Relation in Latin America -- Chapter 7: The Welfare State and Gender -- Chapter 8: Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: This book explores the trajectories and structures of Latin American welfare states using a typology developed through conceptual and historical analyses of social protection systems in Latin America. It argues that social protection can be accomplished by different actors in distinct societies, be that the State, civil society, the market, or families. This work defines four types of welfare worlds based on who administers and allocates resources: the socio-corporatist, the statist, the commodified, and the familial. Author Ilan Bizberg delves on the historical trajectories of ten Latin American countries, each with a unique analysis of the corresponding social protection system: Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador The book begins with a meaningful discussion on the welfare state as a necessity of modern capitalist societies. Then, it counters the consequences of the disembeddedness of the economy from society and the way the social protection system protects the society against this rupture. Chapters focus on the health system, pensions, and assistance programs of these countries, with diverse case studies that include analyzing the performance of the health systems during the pandemic. The book closes with a discussion on gender and the situations women face and encounter under and within different social-protection regimes. Ilan Bizberg is Professor and Researcher at El Colegio de México, Associate Member of the International Graduate College “Temporalities of the Future” of the Freie Universität Berlin, and Associate Member of the CEIM of the Université de Quebec in Montreal. In 2020, he was awarded the Humboldt Foundation Research Prize. He is the author of several books, including Diversity of Capitalisms in Latin America (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
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  • 18
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031530708
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 264 p. 17 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in Economic History
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    Schlagwort(e): Economic history. ; Macroeconomics. ; Economic development. ; Economic policy. ; Foreign Direct Investment ; EU Periphery ; Ireland ; Late Industrialisation ; Late Developing Countries ; Irish Economy ; Celtic Tiger ; Irish indigenous companies ; Sectoral growth in Ireland ; Irish economic growth
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Before the Boom: The Historical Background -- Chapter 3: A Review of Explanations for the Boom -- Chapter 4: Sectoral Growth and Export Earnings -- Chapter 5: Irish Indigenous Companies -- Chapter 6: Foreign-Owned Companies -- Chapter 7: The End of the Boom -- Chapter 8: Conclusions.
    Kurzfassung: This Open Access book examines the long economic boom experienced in Ireland between the late 1980s and 2007, analysing why this boom occurred. The book situates Ireland as a relative latecomer to economic development, with specific challenges and advantages inherent to this position. It discusses the risks involved in remaining reliant on foreign companies, exploring how in Ireland’s case the rapidly growing economy required active, interventionist and imaginative policy measures rather than relying primarily on free market forces. The book also offers an estimation of the value of the net foreign earnings associated with different categories of exports after deducting the profit outflows and payments for imported inputs, revealing a number of findings about the importance of Irish indigenous companies and services during this time. It shows that Irish indigenous companies, assisted by industrial policy measures, played a significant part, as did the services sector, alongside the more visible and widely recognised role of foreign multinationals in high-tech manufacturing. Offering fresh insights and analyses more than 15 years after the long boom ended at the precipice of the global financial crisis, this book will be a useful resource for economic historians, scholars of political economy and macroeconomic policy, as well as those interested in modern Irish history more broadly. Eoin O’Malley was a researcher at the Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, for twenty-five years. He has been a consultant to the European Commission and to various public sector bodies in Ireland including the National Economic and Social Council. He was also a Research Associate at the Institute for International Integration Studies, Trinity College Dublin.
    Anmerkung: Open Access
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  • 19
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031532788
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 224 p.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Film genres. ; Gender identity in mass media. ; Motion pictures, American.
    Kurzfassung: Part I: Female Bodies/Disposable Bodies -- 1. “Woke Gal Gone Bad: Gender Trouble and Populism in Ready or Not (2019) and Wrong Turn (2021)” Eduardo Valls Oyarzun -- 2 “Moral Waste in the Key of Horror: The Perfection (2018) and the #MeToo Movement Onscreen "Noelia Gregorio-Fernández -- 3. “Rape Culture, Horror, Genre Hybridization and Feminist Reception in Jennifer’s Body (2009) and Promising Young Woman (2020)” Asier Gil Vázquez -- 4. “The Culture that Can’t Anymore: Ari Aster’s Midsommar (2019) as Pilgrimage of a Traumatized Society”Marta Brkljačić -- 5. “Universal Darkness: A Transnational Perspective on Social Horror”Elena Furlanetto._Part II: Female as Creation Force Revisited -- 6. “Mother! Nature: Creation, Apocalypse, Climate Skepticism, and Darren Aronofsky’s Mother! (2017)” Zachary Ingle -- 7. “Monsters, Women, and Magic: Intersecting Hierarchies of Gender and Religion in The Witch (2015)” Cristina Casado Presa -- 8. “Nature and Horror: An Ecocritical Reading of Take Shelter (2011)” Nisa Harika Güzel Köşker._Part III: Gender(ed) Anxieties -- 9. “The Masculinities of Neo-Confederate Cultural Warfare in Antebellum (2020)” Juan José Arroyo-Paniagua and Steven McClain -- 10. “Gaslighting, Entrapping, and Trauma: Notes on #MeToo Horror Films” Todd K._Platts -- 11. “Aging as a Trope in American Horror Movies: From The Children of the Corn (1984) to The Visit (2015)” Marta Miquel-Baldellou.-12. “Searching for ‘The Final Girl’: We Are What We Are (2013), Missing Testimonials, and Media Invisibility of Missing and Murdered Mexican Indigenous Women” Mayra Ramales.
    Kurzfassung: “The interweaving of gender and horror serves as an unsettling lens through which current socio-cultural and political upheavals can be read. The present publication offers a kaleidoscopic analysis of our contemporary moment through an array of films, with each one shedding light on the transgressions, fears, and traumas still inscribed on the gendered body. This is a must-read volume that turns its attention to film-captured corporeal violence that marks the 21st century.” Tatiani G. Rapatzikou- Associate Professor, Department of American Literature and Culture (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece). EAAS Secretary General 2014-2022. “Culture Wars and Horror Movies is an excellent survey of contemporary horror cinema within its various political and cultural contexts. Uniformly insightful, the essays gathered here illuminate much of what horror since the millennium is about. Highly recommended.” Barry Keith Grant- Professor Emeritus of Film Studies and Popular Culture (Brock University). Author of The Dread of Difference: Gender and the Horror Film. Navigating a polarized society in their representation of social values, twenty-first-century horror films critically frame conflicting and divisive ideological issues. Culture Wars and Horror Movies: Gender Debates in post-2010 US Horror Cinema analyses the ways in which these “culture wars” make their way into gender, focusing on the post-2010 US context and its fundamental political divisions. Approaching these topics from feminist and postfeminist theories to ecocritical views, this volume explores how contemporary horror movies engage with the current context of “culture wars.” Noelia Gregorio-Fernández is an Associate Professor of American Studies at the International University of La Rioja, Spain. She was a visiting scholar at the CSER at Columbia University, New York (USA), and is the author of The Rebel of Chicano Cinema: Robert Rodriguez in the Transnational Era (2020). Carmen M. Méndez-García is an Associate Professor of American Literature at the Department of English Studies, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). Current research and teaching interests include twentieth and twenty-first-century U.S. literature, postmodernism and contemporary fiction, the Countercultures in the U.S., Spatial studies, Gender studies, and Medical Humanities.
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  • 20
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031482519
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 131 p. 20 illus. in color.)
    Ausgabe: 2nd ed. 2024.
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    Schlagwort(e): Art ; Art, Modern ; Medicine and the humanities. ; People with disabilities
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Curating this Collection -- Chapter 1: Disarming Venus -- Chapter 2: Sculpting Body Ideals -- Chapter 3: Performing Amputation -- Chapter 4: Staring Back and Forth: The Photographs of Kevin Connolly -- Chapter 5: Cripping Aesthetics: The Work of Persimmon Blackbridge -- Chapter 6: Watching One’s Back: Self-Portraits of Disabled Women’s Backs as Provocative and Protective -- Conclusion: Looking Forward.
    Kurzfassung: 'An enlightening collection of work exploring the intersection between art and disability. Millett-Gallant’s writing illuminates the transformative power of perspective and its ability to challenge and redefine social norms.' Kevin Michael Connolly 'The Disabled Body in Contemporary Art has for more than a decade been the primary, indispensable resource for thinking about the myriad ways that disability is represented by contemporary artists. This second edition updates and extends Ann Millett-Gallant’s groundbreaking text.' Robert McRuer, author of Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability (2006) Operating from the position that disability offers "an opportunity for alternative and unique insights," Ann Millett-Gallant presents readers with engaging analyses of the work of Mary Duffy, Marc Quinn, Joel-Peter Witkin, Kevin Connolly, Persimmon Blackbridge, Sandie Yi, and others, which challenges prevailing stereotypes and assumptions about corporeal difference. This long-awaited revision and extension of Millet-Gallant's groundbreaking The Disabled Body in Contemporary Art (2010) is a must-read for anyone interested in art and disability. Keri Watson, Co-editor, The Routledge Companion to Art and Disability (2022) The second edition offers an essential update to the foundational first edition, The Disabled Body in Contemporary Art. Featuring updated chapters and case studies, this second edition will not only expand on the first edition but will bring a new focus to contemporary disabled artists and their embodied, multimedia work. Ann Millett-Gallant, PhD is Senior Lecturer for the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA. Her online courses combine art history, visual culture, disability studies, and women’s and gender studies, and her books include The Disabled Body in Contemporary Art; Re-Membering: Putting Mind and Body Back Together Following Traumatic Brain Injury; and the coedited volumes Disability and Art History and Disability and Art History: From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. Millett-Gallant’s artworks have been displayed at universities and galleries in North Carolina. Her website is annmg.com.
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  • 21
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    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031561887
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 222 p. 1 illus.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in Literary Journalism
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    Schlagwort(e): Journalism.
    Kurzfassung: -- 1 Did COVID kill travel writing?. -- 2 A complicated relationship. -- 3 What’s in a name?. -- 4 So now everyone’s a travel writer?. -- 5 Freebies, junkets and other ethical dilemmas. -- 6 The night writer: The emergence of nocturnal travel writing. -- 7 Re-imagining within history and creative ethnography. -- 8 A post-pandemic creative exploration. -- 9 How travel writers can help save the planet and still do their jobs. -- 10 Where to from here?.
    Kurzfassung: “In an age where 'anyone might be a travel writer', this is a provocative and illuminating handbook for writers and a rigorous, thoughtful study for critics.” · Dr Patrick Mullins, Prime Minister’s Literary Award for Non-Fiction winner 2020, Douglas Stewart prize for Non-Fiction winner 2020. Australian National University National Centre of Biography. “This both readable and rigorous work is a solid addition to the study of one of literature’s most enduring, shape-shifting genres.” · Dr John Borthwick, Australian Society of Travel Writers’ Travel Writer of the Year 2022, Pacific Asia Travel Association Gold Award winner 2022. This book stems from the question that we as co-authors grappled with for the past 3-plus years while in our own periods of stasis during the pandemic: What place does the travel writing genre hold in a post-COVID world? With the massive interruptions to travel and travel writing across 2020-2023 as the pandemic forced us indoors and into isolation, it also raised many other pertinent questions about the practice of and future of travel writing. Part of the prompt for this book comes from the post-pandemic assumption that in an ecologically fraught, less mobile, and more uncertain world, there may not be a place for travel writing as we know it to exist in any meaningful way. We examine the problems and solutions apparent for travel writing as it engages with a period of re-thinking, prompted by the pandemic, though necessary for a plethora of other reasons as well. As academics and travel writing practitioners, with decades of experience in the field, we offer a unique perspectiveon this topic – as we have the in-the-field experience of professional travel writers, and we have the academic grounding to better understand the history, theoretical concerns and contradictions of the genre to provide a more in-depth perspective to our travel writing colleagues. This grounding allows us to access a unique and valuable perspective for Re-thinking Travel Writing: The Journey of a Genre for academics, aspiring travel writers and contemporary colleagues in the field. Dr. Ben Stubbs is a senior lecturer in journalism and creative writing at the University of South Australia. Dr. Lee Mylne is a media academic who also maintains a successful career as a freelance journalist, specializing in travel and tourism.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031527128
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 103 p.)
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 2024.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Literature. ; Philosophy. ; Creative writing.
    Kurzfassung: 1. Cause and Effect in Fiction: An Introduction -- 2. Causation and Causation in Fiction -- 3. Cause and Effect in Plot -- 4. Cause and Effect in Character -- 5. Cause and Effect in Setting -- 6. Cause and Effect in Dialogue -- 7. Cause and Effect in Theme -- 8. Cause and Effect, Counterfactuals, and the Role of Fiction in our Psychic Lives -- 9. Objections and Replies.
    Kurzfassung: This book explores and defends George Saunders’ causal thesis that successful stories are those that establish causation well. The book includes an in-depth discussion of causation’s role in several different key craft elements of fiction writing and examines different theories of causation and their implications for causation in fiction. Other discussions include the role of causation in building suspense, character and causation, causation in dialogue and connections between fiction and counterfactuals (or hypotheticals). The book also considers a number of objections to the causal thesis and offers a reply. Frances Howard-Snyder is a Philosophy Professor at Western Washington University and has co-authored a logic textbook. She has also published numerous articles on ethics and philosophy of religion. She has an MFA from the Rainier Writing Workshop, and has published stories in The Magnolia Review, Silver Pen, Halfway Down the Stairs, as well as other publications. For more information, see franceshowardsnyder.com.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031517372
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 271 p. 11 illus.)
    Serie: Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Macroeconomics. ; Schools of economics. ; International economic relations. ; Financial services industry. ; history of economic thought through 1925 ; history of economic thought since 1925 ; monetary economics ; central banking ; international monetary arrangements and institutions ; economic pathologies ; monetary reform ; national payments ; international payments ; sovereign debt crises ; theory of money emissions
    Kurzfassung: Chapter 1. Introduction -- PART 1: NATIONAL PAYMENTS- Chapter 2. Nominal and real money, general equivalent, and value -- Chapter 3. From money as a numéraire to the quantity theory of money -- Chapter 4. Keynes on bank money and the ‘monetary theory of production’ -- Chapter 5. The macroeconomic analysis of national payments -- PART II: INTERNATIONAL PAYMENTS -- Chapter 6. The classical view of international transactions -- Chapter 7. The neoclassical approach to international transactions -- Chapter 8. Keynes’s analysis of external payments -- Chapter 9. The macroeconomic analysis of international payments -- Chapter 10. Conclusion.
    Kurzfassung: This book demonstrates the relevance of the historical perspective with respect to national and international payment systems. Its analysis of national and international payments develops along a dialectical path that starts with the work of the Classics (thesis), undergoes a radical turn with the advent of the neoclassical school (antithesis), and reaches the modern theory of emissions passing through Keynes’s contribution (synthesis). That the history of economic thought occupies a legitimate place in the field of historical studies is beyond dispute. What may be less well understood is that it can serve purposes beyond those of the academic community of historians. This book critically investigates the contributions of the greatest economists of the past to provide insights into the pathologies of today’s systems of national and international payments and into the reforms that are needed to correct them. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in economic policy and the history of economic thought. Andrea Carrera is an Assistant Professor of Applied Economics at Complutense University of Madrid and an Affiliated Researcher at the Complutense Institute for International Studies (ICEI). He has also been serving as a Marie Skłodowska-Curie exchange researcher in Asia and South America. His current research interests are in monetary economics and economic catch-up. Alvaro Cencini is Professor Emeritus of Monetary Economics at the Università della Svizzera italiana, Switzerland. He holds a D.phil degree from the University of Fribourg and a Ph.D. degree from the London School of Economics. He is the author of several books, contributions to books, and peer-reviewed journals on monetary economics. See also: www.quantum-macroeconomics.info.
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  • 24
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo Javier Household Vulnerability and Preparedness for Disasters in Haiti
    Schlagwort(e): Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Disaster Preparedness ; Disaster Recovery ; Enhancing Resilience ; Hazard Risk Management ; Natural Hazards ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Urban Development
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the socioeconomic factors correlated with vulnerability to natural hazards, using unique data from the High-Frequency Phone Surveys conducted in Haiti in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The results indicate a high overall exposure to hazards, with a significant number of individuals living in households facing the threat of multiple hazards. The analysis finds that disaster preparedness is generally low, with the poorest households experiencing the most significant challenges. Households in the bottom two wealth quintiles are less likely to have the necessary supplies to prepare adequately for and respond to disasters compared to those in the upper quintiles. Moreover, the level of education of the household head and access to the internet are found to be correlated with the likelihood of having better disaster preparedness. This suggests that higher levels of education and internet access play a significant role in improving preparedness levels among households. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of addressing socioeconomic factors when developing strategies to enhance resilience to natural hazards. By focusing on improving disaster preparedness among the most vulnerable households and promoting education and internet access, policy makers can mitigate the negative impacts of natural disasters on affected communities
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (238 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Data Science ; Digital Transformation ; Maturity Models ; Revenue Administration ; Tax Policy ; Tax Sanctions
    Kurzfassung: Revenue Administration Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and management of tax and customs administrations, covering topics such as tax policy design considerations that impact tax administration, institutional setup and strategic planning, analyticalcapacities and maturity models, core business processes, and tax sanctions. It also presents pioneering work in the field of digital transformation and how to build data science capabilities, including a roadmap for policy makers and tax officials on how to incorporate and manage disruptive technologies, such as machine learning, into building modern revenue administrations while taking into account their respective maturity levels. This practical manual provides examples from real-life World Bank projects so that policy makers, tax officials, information technology experts, and information and communication technology providers can better understand the needs of revenue administrations to design and implement the most appropriate technology solutions. This reference work is intended to serve as a tool to facilitate the progress and modernization of tax and customs administrations worldwide, and to reach not only tax experts and policy makers, but also other government officials, businesses and academic communities, as well as the larger public, since all are relevant stakeholders with an active role in day-to-day revenue administration operations. "This is a very timely and useful reference for tax practitioners and stakeholders, coming at a time when tax administrators continue to grapple with the challenge of how to accelerate the modernization of technology systems to remain effective in a rapidly advancing and technologydriven business environment." MOSES WASIKE, Senior financial management specialist, World Bank "This is an impressive piece of work that pulls together many different strains on tax administration." JEFFREY OWENS, Director, Global Tax Policy Center, Vienna University "Applying several technologies discussed in this handbook in an innovative manner will definitely help leapfrog countries to pursue a digital transformation agenda, especially in the areas of efficiency, productivity, and citizen satisfaction."
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ambel, Alemayehu A Does Unequal Tax Burden Contribute to Women-Owned Businesses Leaving the Tax Net?
    Schlagwort(e): Effective Tax Rate ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Gap ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Women and Tax ; Women Run Businesses
    Kurzfassung: This study investigates gender disparities in the tax burden in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using data on 2,320 taxpayers for 2011 and 2012. A quantile regression analysis is employed to control for firm characteristics such as sector, size, and age. The results show that women-owned businesses are more likely to operate in low-profit sectors and report lower sales and tax liabilities than men-owned businesses. However, women-owned businesses pay as much as men-owned businesses in taxes, suggesting that they are subject to a higher effective tax rate. This, in turn, may lead to women-owned businesses exiting the tax net at a higher rate. These findings suggest that gender disparities in tax compliance are not simply due to differences in firm characteristics but may also be due to biases in tax declaration and enforcement processes
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  • 27
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hutton, Guy Costs of Health Care Associated Infections from Inadequate Water and Sanitation in Health Care Facilities in Eastern and Southern Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Disease Control and Prevention ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Healthcare Associated Infections ; Healthcare Facilities ; Healthcare Waste Management ; Hygiene
    Kurzfassung: In Sub-Saharan Africa, health care facilities face critical challenges in water supply, sanitation, and hygiene services; health care waste management; and environmental cleanliness. With coverage below 50 percent, these deficiencies pose significant health risks to patients and health care workers, contributing to health care-associated infections. Meta-analyses and individual studies estimate rates of health care-associated infections in Sub-Saharan Africa at between 13 and 30 percent of hospital admissions, impacting patients, families, and health care providers. Rising antimicrobial resistance further exacerbates health outcomes and costs. In Eastern and Southern Africa, an estimated 3.1 million health care-associated infections in 2022 incurred over 320,000 excess deaths, costing at least US
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  • 28
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rama, Martin What Lies behind "Good" Analytical Work on Development? Four Years of Knowledge Products at the World Bank
    Schlagwort(e): Academic Impact ; Academic Research ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Research Output ; World Bank Group Research
    Kurzfassung: The World Bank's analytical work has a strong reputation, but its knowledge products are also perceived to be of varying quality and relevance, and the drivers of this heterogeneity are only partially understood. Building on previous evaluations, this paper adopts a production function approach to assess how budget resources, time to completion, technical skills, and institutional responsibilities affect the internal ratings and external visibility of different types of analytical tasks at the World Bank. To this effect, the paper first matches records from three unconnected electronic platforms -- for internal documents, budget codes, and external publications -- to assemble a comprehensive database of knowledge products and their key characteristics. With analytical documents as its unit of observation, the exercise shows that: (1) devoting more resources to analytical tasks leads to both better ratings and greater visibility; (2) both outcomes are systematically worse when a greater share of resources comes from trust funds; (3) they are also consistently worse for tasks that take longer to complete; (4) more academically oriented team leaders underperform on ratings and overperform on visibility, whereas technically solid but less stellar team leaders overperform on ratings; and (5) everything else equal, performance varies systematically with the nature of the unit in charge. The findings of the paper can be read as a cautionary note against knowledge management that is based on the counting of analytical tasks. Instead, the findings call for much stronger information systems on knowledge products, a better alignment of incentives for the units in charge, and regular evaluations in the spirit of this paper
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Madrigal Correa, Alma Lucia Indigenous peoples, land and conflict in Mindanao, Philippines
    Schlagwort(e): Ancestral Domains ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Conflict Data Monitor ; Indigenous Peoples ; Indigenous Peoples Law ; Land Titling ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mindano ; Political Economy ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction
    Kurzfassung: This article explores the links between conflict, land and indigenous peoples in several regions of Mindano, the Philippines, notorious for their levels of poverty and conflict. The analysis takes advantage of the unprecedented concurrence of data from the most recent, 2020, census; an independent conflict data monitor for Mindanao; and administrative sources on ancestral land titling for indigenous peoples in the Philippines. While evidence elsewhere compellingly links land titling with conflict reduction, a more nuanced story emerges in the Philippines. Conflicts, including land- and resource-related conflicts, are generally less likely in districts (barangays) with higher shares of indigenous peoples. Ancestral domain areas also have a lower likelihood for general conflict but a higher likelihood for land-related conflict. Ancestral domains titling does not automatically solve land-related conflicts. When administrative delays take place (from cumbersome bureaucratic processes, insufficient resources and weak institutional capacity), titling processes may lead to sustained, rather than decreased, conflict
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  • 30
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rosenow, Samuel Kaspar Turning Risks into Reward: Diversifying the Global Value Chains of Decarbonization Technologies
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Decarbonization ; Decarbonization Technologies ; Energy ; Energy Finance ; Environment ; Export Strength Index ; Global Value Chains ; Net-Zero Emissions
    Kurzfassung: Reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 requires unprecedented scaling up in the global deployment of critical decarbonization technologies, such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and electric vehicles. This challenge is currently rife with both risks and rewards: while securing an adequate supply of these technologies has become an urgent policy priority for many countries, their high-growth global value chains also offer lucrative benefits for those able to meet the burgeoning global demand. Although recent policy responses have sought to nearshore production to reduce risks and capitalize on rewards, this paper instead lays out an evidence-based strategy to help diversify the global value chains of decarbonization technologies across countries with latent production capabilities and resource endowments. To that end, it constructs a new dataset of traded products, components, and materials associated with decarbonization technologies; develops new indexes capturing countries' current export strengths and future diversification potential in these global value chains; and highlights products with supply risks due to high market concentration levels and those with development rewards in terms of their potential for growth, knowledge spillovers, and technological upgrading. Taken together, the evidence supports the idea that there is plenty of opportunity to diversify these value chains across a larger number of countries to avoid the risks associated with reliance on only a few countries
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  • 31
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Gonzalez Martinez, Paula Lorena Breadwinners and Caregivers: Examining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavior
    Schlagwort(e): Division of Labor ; Gender ; Gender and Employment ; Gender Gap ; Gender Gap in The Workforce ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Household Maintenance
    Kurzfassung: Gender norms are often emphasized to help explain gender gaps in the labor market. This paper examines global patterns of gender attitudes and norms toward the stereotypical gender roles of the male breadwinner and female caregiver, and broad support for gender equality in opportunities, and studies their relationship with economic behavior. Using data collected via Facebook from 150,000 individuals across 111 countries the paper explores how gender beliefs and norms are related to labor supply, household production, and intrahousehold decision-making power within a country. The paper provides descriptive evidence that the more gender equitable or counter-stereotypical are beliefs and norms, the more likely women are to work, the more time men spend on household chores, and the higher the likelihood of joint decision-making among couples. The findings suggest an underestimation of the support for gender equality globally and the extent of underestimation varies by gender and region. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential entry points for policy to help address gender norms
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Environmental Study
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; Ecosystem Restoration ; Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financing Needs ; Nature Loss ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Investment
    Kurzfassung: Ecosystem restoration is critical to the global ambition of halting and reversing nature loss. Tremendous efforts have been deployed globally to conserve the remaining rainforests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, reefs and mangroves, and other ecosystems that are critical for safeguarding biodiversity and the ecosystem services that humanity depends on. However, the extent of environmental degradation is such that recovering the productivity of ecosystems where it has been lost is equally important - for nature, communities, and economic sectors. While restoration is often viewed as the purview of the public sector, this report demonstrates opportunities for private sector investment. It aims to shift the perception that restoration finance is limited to grant funding from domestic and international public sources only. Drawing on case studies, it highlights the investment drivers and entry points for private finance in restoration projects. The financing models presented also point to opportunities for replication and scaling. This report is a product of the Finance Task Force of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, an initiative led by the United Nations Environment Program and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The United Nations Decade aims to drive the restoration of one billion hectares of degraded land between now and 2030. The role of the Finance Task Force, chaired by The World Bank, is to catalyze action that can contribute to unlocking the capital needed to meet the United Nations Decade's goals
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Infrastructure Study
    Schlagwort(e): Civil Registration and Identification ; Gender ; Governance ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Administration ; Public Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: In Ethiopia, women are 15 percentage points less likely than men to possess a kebele ID, the primary proof of identity document used in the country. This report unveils findings from a study that aims to grasp the reasons behind this gender gap in ID ownership and offers recommendations for overcoming these barriers in Fayda, the new digital ID system launched by the Government of Ethiopia in 2021. Executed by the World Bank in partnership with Ethiopia's National ID Program (NIDP), the study first uses statistical analysis of ID4D-Findex data to illustrate the nature of the ID ownership gap and its ramifications for women. Subsequently, through desk research and original qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews, the report delves into four categories of potential reasons for the gap: legal and policy barriers, social and community barriers, economic and procedural barriers, and information and knowledge barriers. In the concluding section, the report offers three key recommendations for integrating gender inclusivity into the Fayda program, drawingfrom the research findings and inputs gathered from qualitative research participants
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Health Study
    Schlagwort(e): CHVA ; Climate and Health ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Health Risks ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Vulnerability
    Kurzfassung: The objective of this Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) is to assist decision-makers in Colombia with planning effective adaptation measures to deal with climate-related health risks. This assessment includes sub-national considerations for health-related climate action (see Annex A for the methodology). Sub-national considerations are given for Colombia's 32 departments (see Figure 1). It also incorporates data from a Climate and Health Economic Valuation conducted by the World Bank to estimate of the potential economic costs of health impacts arising from projected changes in temperature and precipitation (see Annex B for the methodology). The findings from this CHVA are organized under four sections. Section I characterizes the climatology in Colombia, highlighting observed and projected climate exposures relevant to health. Section II describes key climate-related risks to health, including nutrition and food security, vector-borne diseases (VDBs), water-borne diseases, increasing temperatures, air quality, and zoonotic diseases. Section III analyzes the adaptive capacity and readiness of Colombia's health system to prevent and manage climate-related health risks. Recommendations are discussed in Section IV
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Kurzfassung: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines Liberia's development trajectory through the lens of the country's vulnerability to climate change. It identifies Liberia's development risks and opportunities, models various scenarios of climate impact and intervention, and proposes ways to strengthen resilience and finance climate actions that support Liberia's development aspirations of inclusive growth and poverty reduction
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (16 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Redaelli, Silvia The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Iranian Labor Market
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 ; Gender ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Norms ; Labor Force Participation ; Poverty Reduction ; Women in The Workforce
    Kurzfassung: Despite sizable government interventions to sustain the economy, in the first year of the pandemic (2021/22), approximately 1 million jobs were lost in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and labor force participation contracted by 3 percentage points. Iranian women were the most affected: two out of three jobs lost between 2019/20 and 2020/21 were previously held by women. The gendered impact of the crisis contributed to widening Iranian women's disadvantage in the labor market. Most importantly, the gains in female labor force participation that had slowly accumulated since 2011 vanished. Consistent with what is observed in other countries, women with young children were the most affected by the crisis. The combined effect of school closures and unequal intra-household allocation of care responsibilities, associated with prevailing gender norms, pushed Iranian women with children out of the labor force. Whether or not these trends will be reversed as the management of the COVID-19 pandemic is normalized and the economy recovers from the crisis remains an important policy question
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  • 37
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Chen, Yutong Gender-Specific Transportation Costs and Female Time Use: Evidence from India's Pink Slip Program
    Schlagwort(e): Difference in Differences Specifications ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Gender ; Labor Supply ; Low Skilled Labor ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Transportation Cost ; Travel Subsidies ; Unemployed Women ; Women in The Workforce
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates a synthetic difference-in-differences specification on the roll-out of a program providing free bus transit for women in several Indian states, to examine the impact on women's time allocation and labor supply. Household expenditures on buses fall and women save time on travel. However, there is substantial heterogeneity. Skilled employed women increase labor supply and reduce time on household chores. Low-skilled married women increase time on household activities and reduce labor supply. Unemployed women increase job search with no effect on employment. The findings show that gender roles within households undermine the effect of gender-specific travel subsidies on female labor supply
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Trinh, Trong-Anh Does Global Warming Worsen Poverty and Inequality? An Updated Review
    Schlagwort(e): Chronic Poverty ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Global Warming ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Transient Poverty
    Kurzfassung: This paper offers an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods. While studies consistently find negative impacts of higher temperature on poverty across different geographical regions, with higher vulnerability especially in poorer Sub-Saharan Africa, there is inconclusive evidence on climate change impacts on inequality. Further analysis of a recently constructed global database at the subnational unit level derived from official national household income and consumption surveys shows that temperature change has larger impacts in the short term and more impacts on chronic poverty than transient poverty. The results are robust to different model specifications and measures of chronic poverty and are more pronounced for poorer countries. The findings offer relevant inputs into current efforts to fight climate change
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; CPGA ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Preparedness ; Natural Disasters ; Primary Response ; Risk ; Social and Livelihood Support ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Crisis preparedness is cral to preventing shocks from becoming crises. Investments in ex ante preparedness are especially relevant in countries like Nepal that face high levels of exposure and vulnerability to a range of risks. In seeking to identify opportunities to strengthen the Government of Nepal's (GoN's) capacity to prepare for crisis events in an effective and timely manner, this Technical Annex presents findings from the application of the Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis (CPGA) diagnostic in the country. It provides details on findings and entry points across the five componnts of crisis preparedness. For a summary, please refer to the accompanying CPGA Nepal Briefing Note. Following a brief description of the CPGA methodology, the Technical Annex presents a summary of findings from each CPGA component alongside identification of entry points and opportunities to strengthen crisis preparedness in the country. To provide a holistic assessment of preparedness, the CPGA focuses on five core components of crisis preparedness. These are (i) Legal and Institutional Foundations, (ii) Understanding and Monitoring Risks, (iii) FinancialPreparedness, (iv) Primary Response, and (v) Social and Livelihood Support
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Opinion Surveys
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Financial Aid ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Kurzfassung: The Country Opinion Survey in Azerbaijan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Azerbaijan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Azerbaijan on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Azerbaijan; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Azerbaijan; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Azerbaijan; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Azerbaijan
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Low-Carbon Transport ; Quantitative Modeling ; Water Sector
    Kurzfassung: The Lebanon Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) aligns the country's short-term recovery needs with resilient, low-carbon, long-term development, building on quantitative modeling-based analytics, existing research and country diagnostics, and extensive stakeholder consultations to study the effects of climate change on Lebanon's recovery and development objectives
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Opinion Surveys
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Kurzfassung: The Country Opinion Survey in the Kyrgyz Republic assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in the Kyrgyz Republic on 1) their views regarding the general environment in the Kyrgyz Republic; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in the Kyrgyz Republic; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in the Kyrgyz Republic; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in the Kyrgyz Republic
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  • 43
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (244 pages)
    Serie: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Agglomeration Economies ; Economic Growth ; Income Convergence ; Migration ; Trade Costs ; Transport Networks ; Urbanization
    Kurzfassung: The Evolving Geography of Productivity and Employment: Ideas for Inclusive Growth through a Territorial Lens in Latin America and the Caribbean employs a territorial lens to understand the persistently low economic growth rates in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Using new data and methods, it shows that deindustrialization, distance, and divisions offer intertwined explanations for an urban productivity paradox in the LAC region: its highly dense cities should be among the world's most productive, yet they are not. LAC cities have been held back by lack of dynamism, poor connectivity, and divisions into disconnected poor and affluent neighborhoods. Deindustrialization has shifted urban employment, especially in the largest LAC cities, away from manufacturing and toward less dynamic, low-productivity nontradable activities, such as retail trade and personal and other services, that profit less from agglomeration, especially in highly congested cities. Although employment in urban tradable services has risen, the increase has not been strong enough to offset the decline in manufacturing employment. Meanwhile, intercity connectivity issues have undermined the performance of the region's network of cities by restricting market access and firms' ability to benefit from specialization in smaller cities. Within cities, poor connectivity and residential labor market segregation have limited the gains from agglomeration to neighborhoods in central business districts where formal firms operate. Informality has persisted in low-income neighborhoods, where residents face multiple deprivations. By contrast, many agricultural and mining areas have benefited from the strong demand for commodities by China and other fast-growing economies, particularly during the Golden Decade (2003-13), leading to a decline in territorial inequality in most countries in the region. The report concludes that to encourage inclusive growth, countries must more efficiently transform natural wealth into human capital, infrastructure, and institutions and improve the competitiveness of the urban economy. It then sketches out the contours of such a development strategy, identifying policy priorities at the national, regional, and local levels
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  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (2 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad Does Financial Development Reduce Gender Disparity in Top Manager Positions in Manufacturing SMEs in Developing Countries?
    Schlagwort(e): Access to Finance ; Credit Market ; Discriminating Practices ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Manufacturing Enterprises ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Gap ; Women in Management
    Kurzfassung: Women often face more hurdles than men in obtaining finance. This is especially so when credit supply is limited and financial markets are less developed. As a result, owners of firms may prefer men over women as top managers of their firms, widening the gender gap in top manager positions. This paper tests this idea using firm-level survey data for small and medium-size formal manufacturing enterprises in 47 developing countries. The results confirm a positive relationship between credit supply and the likelihood of having a woman versus a man as the top manager. This positive relationship is much stronger in industries that are more dependent on external sources of finance for technological reasons. It is also stronger in countries with poor coverage by credit bureaus and low competition between banks, which is consistent with "statistical" and "taste-based" discrimination against women borrowers. The main result is robust to several endogeneity checks, sample alterations, and alternative measures of credit supply and financial development
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Komatsu, Hitomi Presumptive Tax on Small and Microenterprises with a Gender Lens in Ethiopia
    Schlagwort(e): Effective Tax Rate ; Female Entrepreneurs ; Fiscal Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microenterprises ; Tax ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Kurzfassung: Governments often use simplified business tax systems, such as presumptive tax regimes, to register and tax small and microenterprises. Despite concerns about how such regimes could disproportionately affect female-owned and low-revenue entrepreneurs, there is a lack of empirical analysis examining the tax burden. The presumptive tax in Ethiopia has a complex assessment system, where the tax liabilities are determined according to the activity type and turnover (99 activities and 19 turnover bands), and some activities do not have a tax-free threshold. This paper uses two rounds of data in the Ethiopian Socioeconomic Surveys and the tax code to analyze the equity and gender implications of the presumptive tax on small and microenterprises by imputing the effective tax rates. There are three key findings. First, the effective tax rates are higher for businesses in the lowest quartile at 4.3 percent of turnover compared to 1.5 percent for businesses in the highest quartile, using the most recent survey, resulting in a regressive system. Second, male-owned businesses tend to operate in sectors without a tax-free threshold and are more likely than female-owned businesses to face higher tax rates. Third, the effective tax rates are high for businesses in food and beverage services, which is female-dominated, and for transit services, which is male-dominated, due to the lack of a tax-free threshold for these sectors. The study finds that an alternative presumptive tax system with a single tax rate on turnover and an exemption for all low-revenue businesses would be simpler for tax assessment and more progressive
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  • 46
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (62 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cunningham, Wendy Urban Informality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Profiling Workers and Firms in an Urban Context
    Schlagwort(e): Employment and Unemployment ; Informal Sector ; Low Skilled Workers ; Self-Employment ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Informal Sector ; Women in The Workforce ; Work and Working Conditions
    Kurzfassung: This paper describes the state of informal sector work in urban Sub-Saharan Africa, using household surveys from 26 countries representing 61 percent of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa and firm surveys from three countries. Five main conclusions emerge. First, the urban informal sector is large and persistent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 56 to 65 percent of urban workers are informal, half of whom are self-employed. Data from five countries suggest little systematic reduction in the prevalence of informality during the 2010s. Second, heterogeneity in the African informal sector cuts along demographic lines. Women are overrepresented in informal self-employment, men in informal wage work, and youth in unpaid employment. Third, while the urban informal workers are, on average, poorer and in less-skilled occupations than formal sector workers, the majority are not extremely poor and are in mid-skilled occupations. Fourth, informal enterprises are small and are challenged to survive and grow into job-creating firms. Few find much benefit from registration given the costs, both monetary (taxes) and transactional (information about the registration process). Fifth, access to urban public services (utilities) is weakly associated with the probability of working in an informal job, although access to mobile phones is high across all job types. If thriving urban jobs are to contribute to economic and social development in Africa, it will be crucial for policies and programs to take into consideration the heterogeneity in jobs, the profile of workers, and the urban context
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  • 47
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (78 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dang, Hai-Anh Using Survey-to-Survey Imputation to Fill Poverty Data Gaps at a Low Cost: Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment
    Schlagwort(e): Consumption ; Household Surveys ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Reduction ; Survey-To-Survey Imputation
    Kurzfassung: Survey data on household consumption are often unavailable or incomparable over time in many low- and middle-income countries. Based on a unique randomized survey experiment implemented in Tanzania, this study offers new and rigorous evidence demonstrating that survey-to-survey imputation can fill consumption data gaps and provide low-cost and reliable poverty estimates. Basic imputation models featuring utility expenditures, together with a modest set of predictors on demographics, employment, household assets, and housing, yield accurate predictions. Imputation accuracy is robust to varying the survey questionnaire length, the choice of base surveys for estimating the imputation model, different poverty lines, and alternative (quarterly or monthly) Consumer Price Index deflators. The proposed approach to imputation also performs better than multiple imputation and a range of machine learning techniques. In the case of a target survey with modified (shortened or aggregated) food or non-food consumption modules, imputation models including food or non-food consumption as predictors do well only if the distributions of the predictors are standardized vis-a-vis the base survey. For the best-performing models to reach acceptable levels of accuracy, the minimum required sample size should be 1,000 for both the base and target surveys. The discussion expands on the implications of the findings for the design of future surveys
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Opinion Surveys
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Kurzfassung: The Country Opinion Survey in Cabo Verde assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Cabo Verde perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Cabo Verde on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Cabo Verde; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Cabo Verde; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Cabo Verde; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Cabo Verde
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Reform ; Education Reform and Management ; Existing Teachers ; Learning ; Teaching Practices
    Kurzfassung: In 2023, growth in the Pacific islands (PIC-11) decelerated but remained robust at 5.5 percent--about two and a half times the long-term average. Fiji's output surpassed pre-pandemic levels in 2023 despite a notable deceleration, with growth rates halving from 20 percent in 2022 to eight percent in 2023. The PIC-11, excluding Fiji, experienced a noteworthy rebound of 2.7 percent growth in 2023, after a 0.5 percent output contraction in 2022. The trajectory of accelerated and sustainable growth in Pacific Island countries depends on a workforce that is well educated and equipped with enhanced skills and capabilities. Boosting education and skills is essential for long-term growth and poverty reduction in the Pacific Island countries. While multiple factors influence learning, once a child enters school, teachers have the largest impact. A robust body of evidence guides policymakers in improving teaching quality and ensuring that all young children acquire strong foundational skills. This report outlines a three-pronged program of action based on this evidence: attracting and recruiting effective teachers, enhancing existing teachers' capacity, and motivating greater teacher effort. Recognizing that 54 percent of teachers expected to teach in 2035 are already recruited, the report emphasizes a special focus on enhancing the capacity of existing teachers. It provides examples of rigorously evaluated interventions, such as structured pedagogy and access to pre-recorded lectures by highly rated teachers. Implementing these recommendations will aid regional countries in accelerating learning, allowing children and societies to achieve their aspirations
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  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Accessibility ; ICT Applications ; Imagery Data ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Machine Learning ; Pratical Application ; Remote-Sensing Imagery
    Kurzfassung: Imagery data offer the potential to answer critical questions regarding the relevance and effectiveness of development initiatives, providing a factual basis for decision-making and the refinement of policies and programs. Imagery data, encompassing a diverse array of sources from remote-sensing imagery to digital photos, offer a vast and underused resource for understanding the dynamics of change in urban development and other geospatial phenomena. Despite their ubiquity, imagery data remain relatively neglected in the evaluation of international development interventions, primarily on account of perceived barriers in relation to computation and expertise. However, recent advances in machine learning and increased computational resources have made imagery data more accessible. This paper explores the potential of imagery data in evaluations and presents various data types and methodologies, demonstrating their advantages and limitations. An Independent Evaluation Group case study on a World Bank urban development project in Bathore, Albania, illustrates the practical application of different imagery data and methodologies. By leveraging imagery data, evaluators can gain insights into the geographical impact of development interventions. Moreover, integrating imagery data with other information sources, such as surveys and socioeconomic statistics, offers strong potential for deepening the understanding of complex phenomena
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  • 51
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (18 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bou-Habib, Chadi Globalization, Dutch Disease, and Vulnerability to External Shocks in a Small Open Economy: The Case of Lebanon in 1916 and 2019
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Economic Crisis ; External Shock ; Famine ; General Equilibrium Simulation ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Mount Lebanon ; Natural Disaster
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the similarities between the economy of 1912 Mount Lebanon on the eve of the famine of 1916 and the economy of 2004 Lebanon that set the stage for the major economic and social crisis of 2019. A simple general equilibrium simulation shows that, as long as the Lebanese economy remains reliant on foreign inflows, crises will persist, with different manifestations. Regardless of the period considered, foreign inflows increase domestic prices and induce real appreciation. Low productive capacities and insufficient job creation lead to high emigration. Emigration increases the reliance on foreign inflows, which in turn increase domestic prices and reduce competitiveness, hence triggering further emigration and further reliance on foreign inflows. Income and prices increase, but exports decline, and growth remains volatile. The interruption of the flows of capital and goods and the impossibility to migrate due to the First World War drove Lebanon into starvation in 1916. The interruption of inflows of capital in 2019 led to a major crisis and massive outmigration, as predicted through the simulations based on the structure of the Lebanese economy in 2004. The simulations effectively capture the impact of external shocks on the Lebanese economy and closely align with the actual changes in economic variables during 2005 to 2020
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Health Sector Review
    Schlagwort(e): Financial Protection ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health Services ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; SDI ; Service Quality ; Systems and Tools ; Workforce
    Kurzfassung: The Service Delivery Indicators (SDI) health survey in Moldova serves as a vital tool for assessing and benchmarking the performance of health service delivery. Its primary aim is to evaluate the quality of basic health services. This comprehensive evaluation enables both governments and service providers to pinpoint deficiencies and bottlenecks in health service delivery, monitor progress over time, and make cross-country comparisons. The widespread availability of and public awareness about SDI indicators foster engagement among policy makers, citizens, service providers, donors, and stakeholders, in turn driving efforts to enhance service quality and ultimately development outcomes
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Schlagwort(e): BART ; Bot Concession ; Denver ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Italy ; Kuala Lumpur ; Madrid ; Melbourne ; PPP ; Private Participation in Infrastructure ; Railways ; San Francisco ; Tokyo ; Urban Development
    Kurzfassung: Railways play an important role in the transportation systems of many developing countries. Railways stations are a key but often neglected part of this railway service. Many countries are considering railway station redevelopment to improve their rail service. They include many developing countries In this report, the term redevelopment refers to changes to existing stations (as opposed to new development). It encompasses refurbishment, renovation, or improvement to station buildings, platforms, and operational rail infrastructure and to the land in its surrounding areas. Much of this report will focus on the redevelopment of the railway station building itself, as this is often the first level of station redevelopment considered. While station redevelopment projects provide many benefits, they are complex to deliver and require a unique set of knowledge, skills, and know-how. This is particularly true when the railway intends to deliver a project through a public-private partnership (PPP) scheme. PPPs require appropriate institutional arrangement with financial and legal expertise to structure, procure, and implement PPP transactions successfully. The objective of this report is to provide railway authorities and policy makers with guidance and knowledge to help in design and implementation of railway station redevelopment projects, leading to more viable and successful projects
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  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (224 pages)
    Serie: Africa Development Forum
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Employment Challenges ; Female Migrants ; Government ; Migration ; Urban Development ; Urban Markets
    Kurzfassung: Research on migration and urban development in Africa has primarily focused on larger cities and rural-to-urban migration. However, 97 percent of Africa's urban centers have fewer than 300,000 inhabitants, and a sizable share of urban migrants come from other urban areas. A more holistic and dynamic perspective, incorporating migration flows along the full urban hierarchy, as well as urban-urban migrants, is needed to better understand and leverage migration for urban development. Migrants, Markets, and Mayors: Rising above the Employment Challenge in Africa's Secondary Cities draws on demographic data, research literature, key informant interviews, and empirical research to better understand how migrants in Africa's secondary cities fare in urban labor markets, how they affect aggregate urban productivity, and how mayors can leverage migrants' potential to the benefit of all. It explores these questions across countries and four urban case settings: Jijiga in Ethiopia, Jinja in Uganda, and Jendouba and Kairouan in Tunisia. Although mayors in secondary cities often see migrants as a burden to their cities' labor markets and a threat to development, the report finds that migrants contribute increasingly less to urban population growth and that they usually strengthen the resident labor force. The report also finds that labor market outcomes for migrants are at least as good as those for nonmigrants. Africa's secondary cities are well placed to leverage migration, but evidence-based policies are needed to manage the growth and development of land and labor markets. The report reviews policy options that mayors can take to strengthen the financial, technical, and planning capacity of secondary cities and better leverage migration to benefit migrants and nonmigrants alike. "Much of the literature on migration to cities examines migration in a nonspatial fashion or focuses on rural-urban migration to the largest, most visible cities. This volume fills a gap by focusing on migration to secondary cities, coming up with a compelling set of facts. Overall, the volume is very well done and sets a benchmark for future research." J. Vernon Henderson, School Professor of Economic Geography, London School of Economics
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Giuliano, Fernando The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Shocks in Uruguay
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Shocks ; Droughts ; Econometrics ; Economic Forecasting ; Environment ; Environmental Disasters and Degradation ; Floods ; Macro-Structural Model ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Kurzfassung: Uruguay is an economy that is vulnerable to precipitation patterns, as evidenced during the country's historic 2022/23 drought. Yet, and despite its rich macroeconomic and climate data environment, the country does not have a consistent macroeconomic model to address the aggregate impact of climate shocks, let alone the expected additional impact from climate change. This paper intends to fill this gap by integrating climate shocks into the World Bank's Macro-Fiscal Model, its workhorse structural macroeconomic projection model. Building on existing country studies on the sectoral effects of droughts and floods, the analysis finds that the volatility of a simulated Uruguayan economy only subject to historical climate shocks reaches 22 percent of the historical volatility of gross domestic product. Moreover, as climate shocks are only one of many shocks that can simultaneously affect an economy, incorporating exogenous macroeconomic shocks into historical climate shocks exacerbates volatility and increases potential losses. Gross domestic product can fall by 2.3 percent under a combined negative climate and macroeconomic shock of the type witnessed once every six years on average, and 4.1 percent under a once-in-40-years combined negative shock. Climate change compounds these effects going forward, worsening the magnitude of the downside risks from droughts by between 18 and 30 percent, although estimates incorporating climate change are subject to large uncertainty. The order of magnitude of these effects calls for a more systematic consideration of climate shocks in macroeconomic projections and fiscal risk assessments for Uruguay
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Redaelli, Silvia Assessing the Extent of Monetary Poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic after a Decade of Conflict
    Schlagwort(e): Data Deprivation ; Fragility and Conflict ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Nowcasting ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Development and Poverty
    Kurzfassung: The data for estimating monetary poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic are outdated. In the context of data scarcity, this paper aims to propose a methodological approach to address the knowledge gap regarding welfare in Syria over the past decade. In particular, the analysis provides (i) updated pre-conflict poverty baseline estimates based on grouped data from the 2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey; (ii) supporting evidence on the viability of using Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme Demographic and Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene 2022 survey data for the estimation of monetary poverty in 2022; and (iii) supporting theoretical and empirical evidence to identify growth in per capita gross domestic product in current prices deflated by Consumer Price Index as the best metric to project poverty using a nowcasting approach. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes to use 2022 Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme-based poverty estimates to anchor the most recent estimates to the best available evidence, and to interpolate the poverty evolution obtained from back-casting 2022 and nowcasting 2009 poverty estimates over 2009-22 using the growth rate of per capita gross domestic product in current prices, deflated by the Consumer Price Index with a passthrough of 0.7
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rodriguez, Laura Fiscal Policy, Poverty and Inequality in Jordan: The Role of Taxes and Public Spending
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fiscal Policy and Inequality ; Income Inequality ; Poverty and Social Impact ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: Analysing who benefits from different taxes and spending is important to understand how fiscal policy is affecting poverty and inequality in Jordan. This study traces how the Jordanian fiscal system affects different households, while paying income tax and GST and benefiting from social assistance, and services, such as, cash transfers, electricity and water subsidies, education and health. The study finds that Jordan's current fiscal system is modestly progressive, but more could be achieved. Inequality, as measured by the Gini Index, falls 5.8 points between household market incomes and post-fiscal incomes (after paying income and consumption taxes as well as receiving government transfers and subsidized services). When considering only monetary taxes and benefits (that is, excluding non-cash education and health services), inequality falls by only 2.6 points and poverty would be almost the same as the official poverty rate. Nonetheless, the recent expansion of social assistance programs is making Jordan's fiscal policies more equalizing and there is scope for other reforms which would both close the fiscal gap while further reducing poverty and inequality
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Decerf, Benoit Lives, Livelihoods, and Learning: A Global Perspective on the Well-Being Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Schlagwort(e): Communicable Diseases ; Covid ; Education ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Learning ; Mortality ; Poverty ; School Health ; Welfare
    Kurzfassung: This study compares the magnitude of national level losses that the COVID-19 pandemic inflicted across three critical dimensions: loss of life, loss of income, and loss of learning. The well-being consequences of excess mortality are expressed in years of life lost, while those of income losses and school closures are expressed in additional years spent in poverty (as measured by national poverty lines), either currently or in the future. While 2020-21 witnessed a global drop in life expectancy and the largest one-year increase in global poverty in many decades, widespread school closures may cause almost twice as large an increase in future poverty. The estimates of well-being loss for the average global citizen include a loss of almost three weeks of life (19 days), an additional two and half weeks spent in poverty in 2020 and 2021 (17 days), and the possibility of an additional month of life in poverty in the future due to school closures (31 days). Well-being losses are not equitably distributed across countries. The typical high-income country suffered more total years of life lost than additional years in poverty, while the opposite holds for the typical low- or middle-income country. Aggregating total losses requires the valuation of a year of life lost vis-a-vis an additional year spent in poverty. If a year of life lost is valued at five or fewer additional years spent in poverty, low-income countries suffered greater total well-being loss than high-income countries. For a wide range of valuations, the greatest well-being losses fell on upper-middle-income countries and countries in the Latin America region. This set of countries suffered the largest mortality costs as well as large losses in learning and sharp increases in poverty
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Letta, Marco Climate Immobility Traps: A Household-Level Test
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Causal Forests ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Migration ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Household Data ; Housing Finance ; Immobility Traps
    Kurzfassung: The complex relationship between climate shocks, migration, and adaptation hampers a rigorous understanding of the heterogeneous mobility outcomes of farm households exposed to climate risk. To unpack this heterogeneity, the analysis combines longitudinal multi-topic household survey data from Nigeria with a causal machine learning approach, tailored to a conceptual framework bridging economic migration theory and the poverty traps literature. The results show that pre-shock asset levels, in situ adaptive capacity, and cumulative shock exposure drive not just the magnitude but also the sign of the impact of agriculture-relevant weather anomalies on the mobility outcomes of farming households. While local adaptation acts as a substitute for migration, the roles played by wealth constraints and repeated shock exposure suggest the presence of climate-induced immobility traps
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Srivastava, Bhavya High Temperature and Learning Outcomes: Evidence from Ethiopia
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Education and Gender ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Higher Education ; Temperatures
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses data from 2003-19 on 2.47 million test takers of a national high stakes university entrance exam in Ethiopia to study the impacts of temperature on learning outcomes. It finds that high temperatures during the school year leading up to the exam reduce test scores, controlling for temperatures when the exam is taken. The results suggest that the scores of female students are less impacted by higher temperatures compared to their male counterparts. Additionally, the analysis finds that the scores of students from schools located in hotter regions are less impacted by higher temperatures compared to their counterparts from cooler regions. The evidence suggests that the adverse effects of temperature are driven by impacts from within-classroom temperatures, rather than from indirect impacts on agriculture
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; ESG Integration ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Government Pension Fund ; Investments ; Pension Funds ; Pensions and Retirement Systems ; Social Funds and Pensions ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This report describes the ESG integration practices at GPF as a practical example of how a pension fund can integrate ESG considerations into its investment practices and processes. The report focuses on the incorporation of ESG issues into our investment analysis and decision-making process. Other elements of responsible investing such as active ownership and ESG disclosure practices whilst also key to GPF's overall approach, are not discussed in detail in this report. The report is a product of technical co-operation between teams from GPF and the World Bank. The report starts by providing some background information on GPF, including its investment philosophy and an overview of ESG investment philosophy before detailing the GPF ESG Score methodology. It then describes how the GPF ESG Score methodology is applied to equity and fixed-income investments, followed by an overview of how GPF ensures that ESG considerations are integrated into the selection, appointment and monitoring of external managers. It concludes with some reflections on the landscape of responsible investment and identifies areas where GPF expects to improve its investment process in the coming years
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Assem Mohammed G Hassan Ahmed, Hoda Stages of Diversification Redux
    Schlagwort(e): Development Trajectories ; Economic Concentration ; Economic Diversification ; Economic Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Resource Poor Countries ; Resource Rich Countries
    Kurzfassung: The existing literature on development and economic diversification finds an inverted-U function between these two variables, whereby economies diversify as they grow up to a point, after which they start specializing. This paper contributes to this literature by investigating the stages of diversification over the course of development during the past 57 years. The paper emphasizes the trajectories of resource-rich and resource-poor countries, an issue that has not been covered by the extant literature. In addition, the paper studies the stages of diversification across three dimensions, namely employment, value-added, and exports. Additionally, it examines the relationship for services. Non-parametric estimations suggest a U-shaped curve between measures of economic concentration and per capita income levels, which is in line with existing evidence. However, these patterns are mainly driven by between-country rather than within-country variation, a finding that had been ignored in the existing literature. Diversification patterns also differ across resource-rich and resource-poor countries: Employment and value added in resource-rich countries are on average more concentrated at low levels of development while in resource poor countries, they are more concentrated at high levels of development. In contrast, at all levels of development, exports are more concentrated in resource-rich countries
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financing ; Infrastructure ; Mobility ; Road Pricing ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Kurzfassung: The document is structured into five chapters. Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive overview of the theoretical framework surrounding road pricing. It outlines the fundamental principles and characteristics of road pricing, while exploring the relationship between social equity and road pricing. Additionally, it addresses potential implementation challenges that may arise. The subsequent chapters offer summaries of international experiences in interurban pricing (Chapter.3) and urban pricing (Chapter 4). In the case of interurban pricing, a broad spectrum of approaches is examined, including traditional methods, concession tolls, and the latest trends in variable pricing within the European Union. Lastly, chapter 5 highlights the key trends in road pricing and provides recommendations based on the evidence presented throughout the document. This chapter serves to offer valuable insights for decision-makers, drawing from the comprehensive studies presented within the document
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Earth Observation ; Environment ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Disasters ; Natural Hazards ; World Settlement Footprint (WSF)
    Kurzfassung: Earth observation is a crucial source of accurate and up-to-date information of Earth's natural and manmade environments that are critical when planning for, responding to, and mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Satellites that regularly collect images of the entire globe combined--with machine learning algorithms to process them more efficiently--have the potential to provide timely, standardized, verifiable, and scalable information. This report focuses on the use of Earth observation to identify built-up areas exposed to natural hazards. It describes the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite of derived datasets, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Google Earth Engine team, and the World Bank. These gridded datasets capture the extent of built-up areas from 1985-2015 and again for 2019, estimated building heights, impervious surfaces, and estimated population. Earth observation derived information is particularly useful for standardized and recurring World Bank operations. The report looks at several World Bank operations, and the key insights provided through analysis incorporating the various WSF suite products
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  • 65
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Data Development and Gender ; Economic Growth ; Employment and Unemployment ; Human Development and Gender ; Labor Market Policy and Programs ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development and Poverty ; Social Protection Delivery Systems ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The following analytical report summarizes the technical notes and presentations prepared by the World Bank and the Workforce Development Center under the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population of Kazakhstan (MLSPP). These works aimed to support the MLSPP in the preparation of the Concept Plan of Labor Market Development for 2024-2029. The teams analyzed existing barriers and the potential for the creation of quality jobs in Kazakhstan because employment is essential for economic growth, which contributes to reducing poverty. Despite slower economic growth and some institutional challenges, Kazakhstan, nevertheless, has been successful at reducing the poverty rate. The major factor contributing to Kazakhstan's growth has been productivity, regardless of the period. A much lower contribution stems from labor market factors and employment rates. Therefore, the teams focused on how to boost firm productivity to increase the number and accessibility of better jobs, as well as how to develop skills and provide good education to the different groups of the population and prepare people for new and old jobs. Based on the material delivered by the World Bank, the WDC and other local expert groups, the MLSPP was able to draft the Concept Plan of Labor Market Development for 2024-2029, which the Government of Kazakhstan approved on November 28, 2023
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
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    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hauser, Christina Sarah Tackling Gender Discriminatory Inheritance Law Privately: Lessons from a Survey Experiment in Tunisia
    Schlagwort(e): Family Law ; Gender Discrimination ; Gifting ; Inheritance Law ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: When reform of gender discriminatory law fails, individual action can offer a second-best solution. As most Muslim-majority countries, Tunisia applies Islamic inheritance law, systematically favoring sons over daughters. By making gifts to their daughter, parents can privately attenuate gender discrimination in inheritance. This study investigates to what extent gifting can represent an alternative to legal reform and for whom. Within a randomized experiment, this study tests whether providing information on public support for inheritance law reform and/or the possibility to make a gift to one's daughter has a causal impact on individual attitudes towards women's right to inheritance. The overall evidence on the effectiveness of the proposed informational treatments to encourage gifting is mixed. However, approval of gifting daughters is high--especially among the wealthy. Men are more likely to gift than women. By contrast, demand for legal reform is significantly higher among women and individuals with low educational attainment. The findings thus suggest that gifting indeed represents an alternative to legal reform; but mostly for a relatively well-off subset of the population, leaving the agency to the traditionally male head of the family
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other ESW Reports
    Schlagwort(e): Core Principles ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Law ; Insurance and Risk Mitigation% ; Integrity Compliance ; Internal Controls ; Law and Development ; Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
    Kurzfassung: Small and medium-sized enterprises, or "SMEs," play a major role in global economic development. This Guide aims to provide SMEs with a useful framework for developing effective Integrity Compliance Programs, or "ICPs," tailored to their own business models, budgets, and risk profiles. It distills prevailing best practices and guidelines from leading national and international institutions. Many SMEs worldwide have collaborated with the World Bank Integrity Compliance Office, or "ICO," to develop creative strategies for devising and implementing ICPs, mitigating the risk of misconduct in their operations, and even more broadly, among their business networks. This Guide describes some of these strategies. It is hoped that this Guide, which explains certain core principles, internal controls, and essential elements of ICPs, will be of real, practical value for SMEs seeking to build a culture of integrity in their businesses and communities
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Expenditure Review
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Financial Economics ; Fiscal Policy ; Fiscal Risks ; Footprint ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Oil Revenue ; Quasi-Fiscal Activities ; SNG
    Kurzfassung: The first three chapters of the PFR review the core fiscal policy and revenue mobilization issues. Chapter 1 discusses the fiscal landscape, fiscal framework, and progressivity of fiscal policy. Chapter 2 looks at the footprint of quasi-fiscal activities, which affects the overall fiscal stance and exposes certain fiscal risks. Chapter 3 discusses the stagnation in non-oil revenue and collection across taxes and outlines reform options to improve the tax regime. This PFR also covers education and social protection spending, constituting about 42 percent of generalgovernment budget spending, and is critical for Kazakhstan's social agenda and long-term development goals. Chapter 4 analyzes the efficiency of public spending on education, discusses challenges in delivering equitable access to quality education, and offers options for enhancing spending effectiveness through institutional and policy changes. Chapter 5 discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of spending on the social protection system, particularly the coverage and targeting of social assistance programs, issues in implementing active labor market programs, and challenges in delivering social insurance. Because of data constraints, this PFR excludes analysis on social benefits, pensions, and the State Social Insurance Fund. The last two chapters cover the core system of public-finance management issues on budgeting and inter-governmental fiscal relations. Chapter 6 considers options for further improving budgeting, planning, and monitoring to deliver better fiscal outcomes for inclusive and resilient growth. While Chapter 7 examines emerging subnational fiscal issues and options to simplify and improve certainty in the transfer mechanism from central to SNGs and within the SNG hierarchy
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  • 69
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Benazir Income Support Programme ; Benazir Nashonuma ; Benazir Taleemi Wazaif ; BISP ; Case Management ; CCT ; Conditional Cash Transfer ; Digital Divide ; Grievance Redress Mechanism ; ICT Applications ; National Socio-Economic Registry ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This report documents the progress that Pakistan has made so far in improving its systems for delivering social protection to its people. The government has increasingly relied on data and technology to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the program. BISP UCT (Kafaalat),the country's largest social assistance program in terms of both budget allocation and number of beneficiaries has been responsible for the most innovative developments in the delivery of benefits. Its delivery systems have evolved significantly overtime expanding in scope from simply delivering the UCT to becoming a system that other programs can leverage to identify beneficiaries and deliver benefits. It has flexibility to be scaled up, both horizontally and vertically, in times of shock. This did not happen overnight: the government has consistently invested time and resources over the past decade and a half to improve how it functions. By documenting that journey, using the Social Protection Delivery Chain Framework developed by the World Bank in the "Sourcebook on the Foundations of Social Protection Delivery Systems," (Lindert and others 2020), this report can be a resource for domestic and international stakeholders
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  • 70
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bauer, Adam Michael How Delayed Learning about Climate Uncertainty Impacts Decarbonization Investment Strategies
    Schlagwort(e): Adjustment Costs ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Price ; Climate Change and Environment ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Risk ; Environment ; Green Investment ; Stochastic Modeling
    Kurzfassung: The Paris Agreement established that global warming should be limited to "well below" 2?C and encouraged efforts to limit warming to 1.5?C. Achieving this goal presents a significant challenge, especially given the presence of (i) economic inertia and adjustment costs, which penalize a swift transition away from fossil fuels, and (ii) climate uncertainty that, for example, hinders the ability to predict the amount of emissions that can be emitted before a given temperature target is passed, which is often referred to as the remaining carbon budget. This paper presents a modeling framework that explores optimal decarbonization investment strategy when both delayed learning about the remaining carbon budget and adjustment costs are present. The findings show that delaying learning about the remaining carbon budget impacts investment in three ways: (i) the cost of policy increases, especially when adjustment costs are present; (ii) abatement investment is front-loaded relative to the certainty policy; and (iii) the sectoral allocation of investment changes to favor declining investment pathways rather than bell-shaped paths. The latter effect is especially pronounced in hard-to-abate sectors, such as heavy industry. Each of the effects can be traced back to the carbon price distribution inheriting a "heavy tail" when the remaining carbon budget is learned later in the century. The paper highlights how climate uncertainty and adjustment costs combined result in a more aggressive least-cost strategy for decarbonization investment
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  • 71
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    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (50 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patino Pena, Fausto The Role of Firm Dynamics in Aggregate Productivity, Job Flows, and Wage Inequality in Ecuador
    Schlagwort(e): Aggregate Productivity ; Employment and Unemployment ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Firm Performance ; Job Flows ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wage Inequality
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the role of firm dynamics in aggregate total factor productivity, job flows, and wage inequality in Ecuador. Utilizing a comprehensive employer-employee dataset, the paper documents firm dynamics and job flow patterns that are consistent with the presence of market distortions. Also, the paper identifies factor misallocation as the main contributor to Ecuador's total factor productivity deceleration. Given these trends, the paper explores allocative inefficiency drivers through firm- and industry-level regressions. Firms in the top productivity quintile face distortive non-wage labor costs that are 3.7 times higher than the bottom quintile, after controlling for firm size and age. The findings also provide evidence of credit misallocation across firms. Additionally, industries with higher job mobility, credit access, and competition and lower non-wage labor costs, minimum wage incidence, and zombie firms demonstrate higher allocative efficiency. Moreover, worker-level regressions indicate that misallocation drivers explain up to 41 percent of wage inequality, with non-wage labor costs and product market frictions as distortions driving this inequality
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  • 72
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Atamanov, Aziz New Evidence on Inequality of Opportunity in Sub-Saharan Africa: More Unequal than we Thought
    Schlagwort(e): Circumstances ; Consumpton Inequality ; Equity and Development ; Inequality ; Inequality of Opportunity ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development
    Kurzfassung: Unequal access to economic opportunity for individuals with different innate characteristics, such as ethnicity or parents' socioeconomic status, is often seen as both morally undesirable and bad for economic growth. This paper estimates inequality of opportunity, or the share of inequality explained by birth characteristics, across 18 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. For many countries, this is the first time inequality of opportunity is measured. The paper uses nationally representative household survey data harmonized to allow for cross-country comparisons. Using consumption per capita as the outcome, the findings show that inequality of opportunity in Sub-Saharan Africa is stark and more pronounced than previously estimated. On average, inherited circumstances explain more than half of inequality in the region. Estimates range from 40 to 60 percent in most countries and reach 74 percent in South Africa. The findings show that birthplace, parents' education, and ethnicity tend to be the most significant contributors, but there is large variation in the importance of circumstances across countries. This represents the most comprehensive estimate of inequality of opportunity to date in the poorest and one of the most unequal regions in the world, and it underscores the pressing need for policy makers to intensify their efforts to address inequality of opportunity to foster societies that are more equitable and unlock the full potential for growth in the region
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  • 73
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    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (20 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Karayalcin, Cem Environmental Policy under Weak Institutions
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Development ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Policy
    Kurzfassung: Developing countries are facing mounting pressures to incorporate environmental concerns into their policy reform agendas. This paper finds that common environmental policies, such as levying taxes to reduce the excessive exploitation of natural assets, can be self-defeating when (i) institutions are weak and (ii) the general equilibrium effects of such policy actions are overlooked. This seemingly paradoxical result is driven by fundamental mechanisms in structural transformation frameworks, without the need for strong assumptions. It also carries a clear policy implication: environmental policies should be considered within a country's broader development context, rather than in isolation
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  • 74
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Aguilar Gomez, Sandra Environmental Hazards, Climate, and Health in Cambodia: The Shield of Sanitation
    Schlagwort(e): Disease Control and Prevention ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Hazards ; Health and The Environment ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hygiene ; Pollution ; Public Health ; Sanitation
    Kurzfassung: Environmental degradation is the largest public health challenge of the century and is likely to be exacerbated by climate change. This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the health implications of environmental hazards in Cambodia, simultaneously addressing extreme temperatures, precipitation patterns, and air pollution. It leverages data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and satellite-derived metrics on temperature, precipitation, and fine particulate matter. The analysis identifies a positive association between temperature and the occurrence of diarrhea and cough among children and a nonlinear relationship between precipitation and these health outcomes. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that pollution significantly impacts cough incidence. To anticipate future trends, climate simulations are employed to forecast the incidence of child diarrhea in Cambodia under different climate and development scenarios. The projections indicate that diarrhea incidence could increase to 19 percent by 2040 without significant adaptation measures that would lessen the adverse impact of weather. For instance, the acceleration in toilet ownership over the last decade reduced diarrhea incidence by at least 1.2 to 1.4 percentage points. Nevertheless, the path ahead requires proactive efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene. The forecasts suggest that, without additional strategies to counter climate change's adverse effects, only universal toilet ownership would contain the climate-driven increase in diarrhea incidence expected by 2040
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  • 75
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Policy Notes
    Schlagwort(e): Business Environment ; E-Government ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Governance ; Innovation and Technology Privacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: The Chinese government has a long-standing commitment to business environment and digital government reforms. China's online government-to-business (G2B) services have enhanced public service efficiency, accessibility, and transparency, creating a more favorable business environment. This note features a case study of the all-in-one online government service platform developed in Zhejiang Province, a subnational leader in promoting e-government and business environment reforms. Following general national guidelines, Zhejiang has been a leader in exploring innovations to promote digital government development and business environment reforms. Its reforms both demonstrate the effectiveness of a proactive approach to leveraging digital technologies for administrative efficiency and an improved user experience and highlight the positive impacts on the business environment
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
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    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Opinion Surveys
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Kurzfassung: The Country Opinion Survey in Turkiye assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Turkiye perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Turkiye on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Turkiye; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Turkiye; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Turkiye; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Turkiye
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Private Sector Development, Privatization, and Industrial Policy
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; Business Environment ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Economic Growth ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Fragile States ; Private Sector ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: This Private Sector Assessment Report on the Republic of Yemen is delivered as part of the Private Sector Technical Assistance project. The goal of the project is to understand the dynamics of the country's private sector during conflict; identify constraints to trade, investment, and finance; and propose recommendations for inclusive private sector entry, survival, and growth. The report also includes an overview of the financial sector's impact on the private sector, especially on the latter's resilience during conflict. Finally, the report provides structural and policy recommendations that, once implemented by the authorities on both national and subnational levels, would prepare the Yemeni private sector to participate in the country's post-conflict recovery and reconstruction
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Financial Sector Study
    Schlagwort(e): Consumer Protection ; Consumer Protection Law ; Corruption and Anticorruption Law ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Capability ; Financial Consumer Protection ; Law and Development ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The 2022 Global State of Financial Inclusion and Consumer Protection (FICP) Report is an update to the 2013 and 2017 FICP reports. These surveys aim to provide a timely source of global data to benchmark efforts by financial sector authorities to improve the enabling environment for financial inclusion and consumer protection. To date, this is the only longitudinal and global survey of this nature. As such, this report serves as a valuable resource to shape the World Bank's country engagements, a reference document for regulators and supervisors and, finally, a tool for both public and private sector actors with an interest in knowing the developments in this sector. The Survey questionnaire covers key topics related to financial inclusion and financial consumer protection (FCP) and aligns with international guidance to financial sector authorities in these areas. Because the report aims to capture both a snapshot as well as trends over time, the survey questionnaire has been modified over the three cycles to reflect the changing policy and regulatory landscape of financial inclusion and consumer protection
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Infrastructure and Growth ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Urban Accessibility ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development
    Kurzfassung: The World Bank's Vietnam Scaling Up Urban Upgrading Project aimed to develop sustainable urban infrastructure in Vietnam's Mekong Delta Region. The project focused on universally accessible design principles for infrastructure development and aimed to strengthen planning capacity, improve infrastructure design, increase awareness of universal accessibility, and promote green infrastructure. A QII Partnership grant supported the project by facilitating the application of principles and providing technical advice. These activities will benefit seven urbanizing cities, improve livelihoods, and reach approximately 90,000 individuals in low-income areas with universal accessibility design. It has also informed new World Bank initiatives to improve accessibility regionally and globally
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  • 80
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Asean Region ; Informal Waste Workers ; IWW ; Livelihood Models ; Marine Plastic Waste ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vulnerabilities ; Work and Working Conditions
    Kurzfassung: The present study focuses on a particular group of actors along the plastics collection and recycling value chain--informal waste workers (IWWs)--on whom limited information has been collected at the country level. Specifically, the study examines two questions: (i) what is the profile and vulnerabilities of informal waste workers in the three countries including gender-specific vulnerabilities; and (ii) what livelihood opportunities and community-based innovation models have been piloted in the selected countries, and can be used as case study examples in future policies and interventions, with the objectives of reducing vulnerability of IWWs and contributing to improving solid waste management and recycling value chains
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education For All ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Human Capital ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; UMI Countries
    Kurzfassung: This Human Capital Review aims to provide analytical foundations in the support of policies that improve human capital outcomes for the following four UMI countries in Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and the Dominican Republic. The objective of this report is to identify the key constraints to human capital growth and understand how education and labor market policies can foster a resilient recovery, promote inclusive growth, and contribute to poverty reduction in these countries. The review also estimates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human capital outcomes using a multi-sectoral approach. The analysis compares human capital outcomes in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010-2019) against trends during the pandemic (2020-2021). Lastly, the report focuses on these four countries, which are the only UMI in Central America to take advantage of new data collected during the pandemic, which allowed to quantify some of the impacts of COVID-19 and understand some of their long-term implications for human development outcomes
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (178 pages)
    Serie: Women, Business and the Law
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    Schlagwort(e): Discrimination ; Domestic Violence ; Empowering Women ; Equal Rights ; Gender Disparities ; Gender Equality ; Gender Inequality ; Women ; Women's Rights
    Kurzfassung: Women, Business and the Law 2024 is the 10th in a series of annual studies measuring the enabling conditions that affect women's economic opportunity in 190 economies. To present a more complete picture of the global environment that enables women's socioeconomic participation, this year Women, Business and the Law introduces two new indicators--Safety and Childcare--and presents findings on the implementation gap between laws (de jure) and how they function in practice (de facto). This study presents three indexes: (1) legal frameworks, (2) supportive frameworks (policies, institutions, services, data, budget, and access to justice), and (3) expert opinions on women's rights in practice in the areas measured. The study's 10 indicators--Safety, Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Childcare, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension--are structured around the different stages of a woman's working life. Findings from this new research can inform policy discussions to ensure women's full and equal participation in the economy. The indicators build evidence of the critical relationship between legal gender equality and women's employment and entrepreneurship. Data in Women, Business and the Law 2024 are current as of October 1, 2023. wbl.worldbank.org
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (64 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Barnett, Carolyn Louise Gender Role Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and the "Double Burden" in Morocco
    Schlagwort(e): Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Employment ; Household Roles ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unpaid Domestic Labor ; Women in The Labor Market
    Kurzfassung: To what extent do attitudes and perceived norms around household roles hinder the emergence of more gender-equal distributions of labor in Morocco Moroccan women undertake a disproportionate share of unpaid household and care labor and participate in the labor force at low rates. Yet everyday practices are shifting, and normative expectations may be as well. From an online survey of predominantly urban, employed Moroccans, this paper finds that respondents aspire for men to be equal contributors in care tasks. Yet, unpaid labor burdens remain highly unequal, respondents disfavor men taking primary responsibility for cooking or cleaning, and women's share of household labor correlates with perceptions of what men prefer more than with individuals' actual preferences. Results from a conjoint survey experiment measuring preferences around employment and the household division of labor confirm respondents' interest in more egalitarian relations in principle, but also suggest that strong preferences for a male breadwinner family model will continue to drive an unequal distribution of labor at home
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  • 84
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Xuan Hoang, Trung The Long-Term and Gender-Equalizing Impacts of the Islamic Republic of Iran-Iraq War in 1980-88 on School Access and Labor Market Performance
    Schlagwort(e): Conflict and Development ; Employment and Unemployment ; Iran Iraq War ; National Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social Welfare ; Violent Conflict ; Work Hazards
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses the context of the Islamic Republic of Iran-Iraq war in 1980-88 to study the long-term impacts of exposure to the war during school years on educational attainment and labor market outcomes in Iraq. The analysis uses an event study and the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Surveys 2006-2007. The findings show that the Islamic Republic of Iran-Iraq conflict had a negative impact on the social welfare of men who were exposed to the war, including on social security, pension plan, health care, paid leave, and job permanence, while little impact on women is found. Additionally, the conflict reduced wages for both men and women. Furthermore, men who were exposed to the conflict were more likely to work in dangerous jobs or without air conditioning, while no evidence on this is found for women. The paper also shows the impact of the intensity of the Islamic Republic of Iran-Iraq war on educational attainment and labor market outcomes. It documents the education channel through which the war affects labor market outcomes, showing that the war decreased the educational levels of men and women born between 1971 and 1981. The findings are robust to a variety of robustness checks and falsification tests
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Najam, Rafiuddin Closing the Gap: Effect of a Gender Quota on Women's Access to Education in Afghanistan
    Schlagwort(e): Affirmative Action ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Gap ; LMIC ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; Women in The Employment Market
    Kurzfassung: Affirmative action is a promising solution to the crucial challenge of bridging the gap in women's access to higher education in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper uses public universities' matriculation data from 2013-2018 and difference-in-differences estimators to examine the causal impact of a gender quota on women's educational opportunities in Afghanistan. The quota increased the proportion of women in the treated concentration group by nine percentage points and the share of women from low socio-economic status by three percentage points. The expansion was associated with a 0.04-unit decline in the average score ratio of female-to-male applicants, driven by a reduction in the score threshold needed for women's admission. The effects were condensed in competitive concentrations, where the overall share of women and women with low SES increased by 17 and four percentage points, respectively. The findings suggest that affirmative action is a viable option for addressing the gender gap in fragile settings
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  • 86
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Latin America ; Learning ; Pisa
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the results of the latest round of PISA for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), showcasing the results for the region, the differences within the region and between the region and the rest of the world. For this round of PISA, 14 countries of LAC participated in the assessment, representing the largest number of LAC countries in the assessment since its inception. The report covers three key insights: (1) learning is low and highly unequal in LAC, (2) for most countries trends in learning are not moving in the right direction; and (3) countries in LAC should ensure that all students acquire at least basic proficiency in foundational skills, by addressing disparities and focusing on the effective use of technology
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Triyana, Margaret Climate Shocks and the Poor: A Review of the Literature
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change ; Climate Change and Environment ; Distributional Impact ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Meta Analysis ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty
    Kurzfassung: There is a rapidly growing literature on the link between climate change and poverty. This study reviews the existing literature on whether the poor are more exposed to climate shocks and whether they are more adversely affected. About two-thirds of the studies in our analyzed sample find that the poor are more exposed to climate shocks than is the rest of the population and four-fifths of the studies find that the poor are more adversely affected by climate shocks than is the rest of the population. Income and human capital losses tend to be concentrated among the poor. These findings highlight the potential long-term risk of a climate-change induced poverty trap and the need for targeted interventions to protect the poor from the adverse effects of climate shocks
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  • 88
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rodriguez-Pose, Andres Overcoming Left-Behindedness: Moving beyond the Efficiency versus Equity Debate in Territorial Development
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Development ; Efficiency ; Equity Territories ; Growth ; International Economics and Trade ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Regional Rural Development ; Regional Urban Development ; Regions ; Rural Development
    Kurzfassung: Territorial development theory and practice have witnessed significant change in recent times. This change has increasingly put the spatial dimension at the center of development policies. Although agglomeration-focused policies derived from urbanization and agglomeration economics were once prominent, their empirical limitations have become increasingly apparent. Greater territorial polarization and pervasive left-behindedness have underscored the need for a more inclusive territorial development approach, prompting increased interest in understanding and addressing regional disparities to ensure more equitable economic growth. This paper synthesizes the growing interest in territorial development, which has driven the adoption of what are increasingly place-based and place-sensitive approaches to development. The paper also emphasizes the need for complementarity between efficiency-driven and equity-focused interventions, while highlighting emerging topics in regional economics research, including the role of institutions, agency, and external megatrends such as the green transition. The paper concludes by advocating a place-sensitive approach that tailors policies to regional challenges, promoting economic potential, diversification, and inclusivity across all regions
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  • 89
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (66 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lebrand, Mathilde Does Africa Need More Roads in the Digital Age? Evidence of Complementarities in Infrastructure
    Schlagwort(e): Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; ICT Applications ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Structured Transformation
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates whether the expansion of fast internet networks complements or substitutes for the development of roads to improve market access and create more and higher-skilled jobs in Africa. The paper combines the geographic locations of households and firms with the locations of main roads and optical-fiber nodes in 25 Sub-Saharan African countries. Using the difference-in-differences and instrumental variables approaches and leveraging the history of post-independence road building and the timing of the arrival of submarine internet, the paper examines the impacts of access to these two types of infrastructure, both in isolation and in combination. The findings show that improving access to both has large and positive complementary effects. On average, the additional impacts on employment from combining access to both types of infrastructure are 22 percent larger than the sum of their isolated effects. The findings suggest that a big push for combined investments in fast internet and road access could enhance economic development in Africa overall. Firms and workers in urban locations, female workers, and workers with higher levels of education gain the most from the complementarities that emerge
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Rexer, Jonah Climate Change Adaptation: What does the Evidence Say?
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Impacts ; Diversification ; Environment ; Meta-Analysis ; Public Goods ; Reallocation ; Technology Adoption ; Transfers
    Kurzfassung: Adapting to climate change is an increasingly urgent policy priority in lower- and middle-income countries. This systematic review summarizes the current state of the literature on adaptation to climate change, and conducts a quantitative meta-analysis of the effectiveness of climate adaptation. The meta-analysis reveals that observed adaptations offset 46 percent of climate losses on average, with firms using more effective adaptation strategies than households and farmers. The review identifies several key lessons. First, purely private adaptations to climate shocks tend to be less effective than those from public infrastructure and services, although neither by itself is generally sufficient to fully offset the effects of climate change. Second, some adaptations may reduce climate losses in the present, but in the long-run, households, firms, and farmers might be better-served by reducing their climate exposure. Third, the literature tends to focus on adaptation by households and farmers, neglecting firms. Finally, productivity losses from climate shocks may be offset if capital and labor can adjust across sectors and locations, but constraints on these reallocations have not been sufficiently studied
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation To Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; Gender Based Violence ; Gender Equality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nonextractive Sectors ; Resilience
    Kurzfassung: Papua New Guinea has abundant resources in the form of oil and mineral wealth. But a complex set of factors, including systemic gender inequality, underinvestment in non-extractive sectors, and fragility compounded by vulnerability to disasters caused by natural hazards act as barriers to sustainable and inclusive growth of the country. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group support to Papua New Guinea between fiscal year FY08 and FY23. It assesses the Bank Group's development effectiveness in addressing the above three core themes, namely: (i) lack of investment in Papua New Guinea's non-extractive sectors and their poor performance, (ii) the economic exclusion of women and gender-based violence (GBV) issues associated with it, and (iii) unmitigated risks of disaster from natural hazards, and violence, and conflict. The report answers three specific questions. The first explores the extent to which the Bank Group adapted its engagement in line with key constraints, including in relation to development partners, changes in country context, and lessons from experience. The second focuses on the results of Bank Group support and explanatory factors for results under each them, answered by applying a gender lens where relevant. The third question explores the extent to which the Bank Group successfully identified and addressed conflict, violence, and disaster from natural hazards risks. The report offers key lessons to inform the World Bank Group's future engagement with the country: (i) Data gaps need to be addressed to inform sound policy making and effective programming in Papua New Guinea. (ii) Declining governance quality and increasing bilateral aid will require the World Bank to reassess how it supports key policy reforms to achieve development impact, including through using DPOs. (iii) The Bank Group could elevate its impact on gender equality and GBV by shifting from a project-centric approach to a strategic country engagement approach. (iv) The negative effects that compound and interrelated risks pose to achieving development aims need to be addressed more comprehensively
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  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Urban Study
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Human Development and Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Kurzfassung: In December 2021, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) published Cambodia's Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), which outlines the country's vision in achieving a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. As part of the long-term strategies to achieve net-zero emissions, the RGC set targets for decarbonizing the transportation sector through a combination of measures, including electrifying 70 percent of motorcycles, and 40 percent of cars and urban buses by 2050. It also aims to have 30 percent of mode share by public transport in cities by 2050
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  • 93
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Urban Study
    Schlagwort(e): Demographics and Aging ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Human Development and Gender ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Strategy and Policy ; Urban and Rural Development ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development
    Kurzfassung: This report begins with an Executive Summary, which introduces the territorial development approach and the rationale for applying it in Lesotho's development context before going on to summarize key takeaways and recommendations. It is followed by four chapters: chapter 1, Introduction, lays out the country context, presenting in brief Lesotho's economic and demographic situation, population projections, governmental structure, and poverty profile and the government's goals. Chapter 2, territorial development framework and analysis in Lesotho, discusses the territorial development approach, its objectives, and the challenges it aims to address before presenting a customized 2 by 2 territorial framework for Lesotho and explaining how it can be applied. Chapter 3, analyzing Lesotho's Challenges through a Territorial Lens, lays out a spatial analysis centering on four development challenges: economic opportunities, internal connectivity and regional integration, access to basic services, and climate preparedness. To highlight the challenges, the chapter includes 4D heat maps linked to density, distance, disparity, and disaster risk. It also summaries case studies and real-life applications of the territorial development approach in Lesotho. Full case studies are in an annex. Chapter 4, recommendations, covers guiding principles and recommendations based on the territorial development approach and analysis
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other ESW Reports
    Schlagwort(e): Education For All ; Road Safety ; Speed Management ; Traffic ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Kurzfassung: Effectively managing traffic speeds is one of the most complex road safety challenges. To meet it, countries need to have key institutional and organizational arrangements in place, and to adopt and fund a systematic, evidence-based approach to speed management. To sustain speed management efforts and interventions, countries should develop a speed management strategy that aligns management activities across key institutions and organizations. A strategy also helps ensure robust and consistent speed limit setting and prioritizes changes with the greatest road safety impact. This guide can help governments at all levels develop speed management strategies that work
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  • 95
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other ESW Reports
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Environment ; IDA19 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rating System ; Resilience ; RRS
    Kurzfassung: In response to the growing recognition that measuring inputs, such as climate finance, is not enough to capture the impacts of investments, the World Bank Group developed the Resilience Rating System (RRS). Developed over a two-year, multi-sectoral consultative process through close collaboration with internal and external actors, the RRS methodology aims to guide investment decisions and improve climate resilience in project design and outcomes. The methodology report is publicly available. The RRS evaluates and rates investment projects from C to A+, based on their resilience attributes in two complementary dimensions. The resilience of rating considers a project's design, reflecting the confidence that it will achieve its expected objectives and maximize development benefits in the face of climate and disaster risks. The resilience through rating considers a project's outcomes and reflects its contribution to improving climate resilience in the broader community, sector and systems, and to driving transformational adaptation. Combining the two dimension ratings provides an overall project rating, from CC to A+A+
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Environmental Expenditure Review
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Blended Concessional Finance ; Clean Energy ; Climate Investments ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Housing ; Solar Power ; Waste-To-Energy
    Kurzfassung: The document collection focuses on the concept of blended finance for climate investments, emphasizing the need for innovative financial mechanisms to address climate change. It discusses the potential of blending public and private capital to mobilize investment in climate-related projects, aiming to achieve both environmental and financial returns. The collection explores various models and case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of blended finance in driving sustainable development and combating climate change on a global scale
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Environmental Study
    Schlagwort(e): Artisanal Coastal Fleet ; Blue Cabotage ; Blue Economy ; Blue Tourism ; Coastal and Marine Environment ; Environment ; Investment Projects ; STP
    Kurzfassung: The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome e Principe (STP) is the smallest independent island state in Africa, having gained independence in 1975, following the Seychelles. STP has a predominantly young population. However, as an island micro-state, the country faces many development problems specific to islands and small countries, such as weak governance capacity, the inability to provide basic services to the population, and a lack of adequate infrastructure (ports, electricity, airports). Additionally, high production and distribution costs of goods and services, including food products, exacerbate the poverty level of the population. The virtually nonexistent corporate structure and undiversified, highly dependent economy make the country vulnerable to exogenous shocks. To address these challenges, STP developed and adopted a Transition Strategy for the Blue Economy in December 2019. This strategy aims to establish the coherence of public policies linked to oceanic resources with the policies of other sectors, such as fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, and energy. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the analysis of the three investment projects prioritized for inclusion in the National Investment Plan for the Blue Economy. While the report does not imply endorsement of these projects by the World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), its primary objective is to illuminate the drivers of cost and benefit associated with the priorities already identified by the government of Sao Tome e Principe
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Opinion Surveys
    Schlagwort(e): Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Financial Aid ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Kurzfassung: The Country Opinion Survey in Algeria assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Algeria perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Algeria on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Algeria; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Algeria; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Algeria; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Algeria
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  • 99
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Grover Goswami, Arti Which Firms Drive the Gains from Connectivity and Competition? The Impact of India's Golden Quadrilateral across the Firm Life Cycle
    Schlagwort(e): Capital Intensive Value Chain ; General Manufacturing ; Industrial Economics ; Industry ; Manufacturing ; Plant Level Panel ; Transportation Costs
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses the construction of India's Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway to explore the impact of an exogenous increase in market access and competition across the firm life cycle and generates four findings. First, while exit rates fall for all plants, aggregate gains are driven by expansion of young plants. Older plants stagnate or contract, consistent with the challenges of increased competition for incumbents. Second, the benefits of connectivity to young plants depend on access to complementary factors, such as finance, and business conditions, although older plants respond better in more distorted districts, perhaps reflecting access to inputs while protecting output markets as in de Loecker and others (2016). Third, expanding young plants correspond to capital intensive value chain embedded activities that do not require close coordination with final producers. Fourth, plant-level panel data confirms plant capabilities as central to both the magnitude of the response, and to the composition of plants driving it. Aggregate expansion among young plants is driven by high skill plants while contraction of old plants is driven by low skill plants, consistent with frontier firms being able to escape competition (Aghion and others 2014)
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  • 100
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fiuratti, Federico Ivan How Large Are the Economic Dividends from Closing Gender Employment Gaps in the Middle East and North Africa?
    Schlagwort(e): Gender ; Gender Employment Gap ; Gender Employment Gap Index ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Neoclassical Growth Models ; Poverty Reduction ; Women in The Workforce
    Kurzfassung: This paper quantifies the gains in gross domestic product per capita from closing gender employment gaps in the Middle East and North Africa, using three neoclassical growth models. The paper starts with baseline impacts from the Gender Employment Gap Index, which suggests that in the long run, gross domestic product per capita would be around 50 percent higher in the typical economy in the region if gender employment gaps were closed (mean 54 percent, median 49 percent). However, the gains are heterogeneous, ranging from less than 10 percent in Qatar to more than 80 percent in the Republic of Yemen. The paper then explores short-term gains, when capital is fixed (or adjusts slowly), and gains in the medium-term, with sluggish implementation of reforms using the Long Term Growth Model, which roughly halves the gains (and lowers the gains by more than half in resource-rich countries). Finally, the paper incorporates the effects of changes in the skill distribution in a model incorporating capital-skill complementarities in production. Because gender employment gaps in the Middle East and North Africa tend to be larger among the unskilled, closing these gaps reduces average skill levels, moderating long-term gains by 5-10 percentage points. However, if women in the Middle East and North Africa continue the current trend toward greater educational attainment, the gains will be greater than in the baseline. All three models--the Gender Employment Gap Index, the Long Term Growth Model, and capital-skill complementarities--point to large increases in gross domestic product per capita from closing gender employment gaps
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