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  • 2005-2009  (4,615)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,979)
  • Mannheim : SSOAR  (636)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mixture models of choice under risk (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Econometrics 162 (2009) 1 ; 79-88, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Econometrics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 162 (2009) 1 ; 79-88, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302
    Abstract: Abstract: "This paper is concerned with estimating preference functionals for choice under risk from the choice behaviour of individuals. We note that there is heterogeneity in behaviour between individuals and within individuals. By ‘heterogeneity between individuals’ we mean that people are different, in terms of both their preference functionals and their parameters for these functionals. By ‘heterogeneity within individuals’ we mean that behaviour may be different even by the same individual for the same choice problem. We propose methods of taking into account all forms of heterogeneity, concentrating particularly on using a Mixture Model to capture the heterogeneity of preference functionals." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.011
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-268433
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-268433
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.011
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ethnosizing immigrants (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 69 (2009) 3 ; 274-287, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 69 (2009) 3 ; 274-287, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: "The ethnosizer, a new measure of the intensity of a person's ethnic identity, is proposed using information on language, culture, societal interaction, history of migration, and ethnic selfidentification. A two-dimensional version classifies immigrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization. Results based on the German Socio-economic Panel for 2001 are as follows. Young migrants are assimilated or integrated the most. While Muslims and Christians do not integrate, both assimilate the best. Immigrants with college in the home country separate less. Having some schooling is worse than no schooling for integration and assimilation. While ex-Yugoslavs assimilate more, Greeks, Italians and Spaniards are no different than Turks." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.005
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-285511
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-285511
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.005
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coaching for Survival: The Hazards of Head Coach Careers in the German “Bundesliga” (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Applied Economics 41 (2009) 25 ; 3303-3311, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Applied Economics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41 (2009) 25 ; 3303-3311, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.48
    Abstract: Abstract: This article analyzes how long head coaches survive in the clubs of the first German football league (“Bundesliga”), where the dismissal of a presumably weak coach is a generally adopted procedure in case of a poor sporting performance of the team. We use duration models for repeated events to accommodate the correlation within individuals. We find that the head coaches of successful teams and those working during the more recent “Bosman Effect” period are more likely to survive in the Bundesli¬ga. Moreover, the head coaches of clubs with relatively high team wage bills are likely to survive for shorter periods of time
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840701721455
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-241989
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-241989
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701721455
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heterogeneous treatment effects: instrumental variables without monotonicity? (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Econometrics 155 (2009) 2 ; 99-116, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Econometrics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 155 (2009) 2 ; 99-116, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302
    Abstract: Abstract: "Imbens and Angrist (1994) were the first to exploit a monotonicity condition in order to identify a local average treatment effect parameter using instrumental variables. More recently, suggested estimation of a variety of treatment effect parameters using a local version of their approach. We investigate the sensitivity of respective estimates to random departures from monotonicity. Approximations to respective bias terms are derived. In an empirical application the bias is calculated and bias corrected estimates are obtained. The accuracy of the approximation is investigated in a Monte Carlo study." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.08.006
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-267194
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-267194
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.08.006
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are experimental economists prone to framing effects? A natural field experiment (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70 (2009) 3 ; 443-446, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70 (2009) 3 ; 443-446, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302.23
    Abstract: Abstract: "An extensive literature demonstrates the existence of framing effects in the laboratory and in questionnaire studies. This paper reports new evidence from a natural field experiment using a subject pool one might expect to be particularly resistant to such effects: experimental economists. We find that while the behaviour of junior experimental economists is affected by the description of the decision task they face, this is not the case for the more senior members of our subject pool." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2007.11.003
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-283110
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-283110
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2007.11.003
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do fiscal variables affect fiscal expectations? Experiments with real world and lab data (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 253-265, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 253-265, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Abstract: Abstract: We generate observable expectations about fiscal variables through laboratory experiments using real world data from several European countries as stimuli. We compare a VAR model of expectations for data that is presented in a fiscal frame with one for neutrally presented data. We test the validity of the setup and find that participants understand the meaning of the fiscal variables, but also that their ability to perceive the correct characteristics of fiscal policy is limited. Expectations are consistent neither with rational nor with purely adaptive expectations, but instead follow an augmented-adaptive scheme
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.11.002
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292141
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292141
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.11.002
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender, race and religion: intersections and challenges (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Ethnic and Racial Studies ; 32 (2009) 2 ; 215-217
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870802632124
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-132074
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-132074
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802632124
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Religiosity and gender equality: comparing natives and Muslim migrants in Germany (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.3
    Abstract: Abstract: In European public debates, Islam is often described as an impediment to gender equality. By using data from surveys conducted in Germany, we analyze the role of high levels of individual religiosity in explaining Turks' and Germans' approval of gender equality and the way Turkish and German couples share household tasks. Results suggest that for both groups, individuals with strong religious commitments are less likely than secular ones to hold egalitarian gender role attitudes. At the behavioral level, this correlation between religiosity and gender egalitarianism only holds true for Turkish respondents. Furthermore, strong religious commitments contribute to generational stability in attitudinal and behavioral gender-traditionalism among Turks. However, when explaining Germans' more egalitarian gender-related attitudes and behaviors, religiosity turns out to be just one factor among others – and not a particularly important one. Further research is needed to disentangle the diff
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Ethnic and Racial Studies ; 32 (2009) 2 ; 278-301
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870802298454
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-132022
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-132022
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802298454
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Die Zukunft des Europäischen Sozialmodells (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.094
    Keywords: Staat ; Europa
    Abstract: Abstract: In dem Aufsatz wird ausgeführt, dass in den vergangenen Jahren das Nachdenken über die soziale Zukunft Europas allzu sehr im Zeichen des Wohlfahrtskapitalismus stand. Die meisten Probleme, vor denen das Europäische Sozialmodell heute steht, betreffen nicht spezifisch einzelne Länder, sondern sie sind strukturell bedingt. Die Konzeption eines 'Erneuerten Europäisches Sozialmodells' wird skizziert, das sich vor allem durch eine Verschiebung von negativer zu positiver Sozialstaatlichkeit auszeichnet. Positive Ziele des Sozialstaats sind dabei die Förderung von Bildung und Lernen, Wohlstand, soziale und wirtschaftliche Partizipation sowie gesunde Lebensweisen. Grundlegend ist eine Balance von Rechten und Pflichten sowie von Risiken und Sicherheit. Außerdem wird dafür plädiert, dass sich das neue Europäische Sozialmodell verstärkt auf Gebühren stützen sowie entbürokratisiert werden soll. Auf der Ebene der konkreten politischen Maßnahmen schlägt der Autor eine Reihe von Maßnahmen vor, di
    Note: Postprint , In: Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid (2009) Politische Soziologie 2009/2 ; 9-34
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-206095
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-206095
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fairness, price stickiness, and history dependence in decentralized trade (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71 (2009) 2 ; 502-514, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71 (2009) 2 ; 502-514, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Abstract: Abstract: "The paper investigates price formation in a decentralized market with random matching. Agents are assumed to have subdued social preferences: buyers, for example, prefer a lower price to a higher one but experience reduced utility increases below a reference price that serves as a common fairness benchmark. The strategic equilibrium reflects market fundamentals, but it is markedly less sensitive to the buyer-seller ratio near the fair price benchmark. Prices may be sticky around very different reference levels in markets with otherwise identical fundamentals. The implied history dependence turns out to be mitigated rather than exacerbated by friction." [auhtor's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.03.010
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-290371
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-290371
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.03.010
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Der demografische Wandel: Auswirkungen auf die künftige Entwicklung der Erwerbspersonenzahl in Baden-Württemberg (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.6
    Keywords: Person ; Erwerbsquote ; Zukunft ; Baden-Württemberg
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 12 ; 7-11
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412316
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412316
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Kinderzahl von Frauen verschiedener Nationalitäten (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.4
    Keywords: Kinderzahl ; Frau ; Ausländerin ; Kind ; Baden-Württemberg
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 10 ; 10-13
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-414376
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-414376
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bevölkerungsentwicklung in Baden-Württemberg: aktuelle Trends und Perspektiven (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.6
    Keywords: Bevölkerungsentwicklung ; Geburtenüberschuss ; Migration ; Baden-Württemberg ; Baden
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 2 ; 12-16
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412399
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412399
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 14
    Online Resource
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    Plurale Identität und interkulturelle Kommunikation (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.482
    Keywords: Identität ; Kulturkontakt
    Abstract: Abstract: In der pädagogischen und sozialwissenschaftlichen Literatur ist der Identitätsbegriff ungebrochen wichtig. Spätestens seit Mead wird Identität als ein Prozess des Austarierens von Ansprüchen und Deutungen des Individuums mit dem sozialen Kontext verstanden. In dieser Wechselbeziehung stellt sich die Frage, wie eine Person trotz zahlreicher Einflüsse und Veränderungen im Leben "dieselbe" bleibt. Dies gilt umso mehr, als die moderne pluralistische Gesellschaft multiple und widersprüchliche Kontexte bereithält, in denen Menschen leben. Dadurch wird die Problematik verschärft, wie Kontinuität und Kohärenz ausgebildet werden können, die als zentrale Dimensionen von Identität gelten. Neuere Konzepte der Pluralen bzw. Dialogischen Identität konzipieren Identität selbst plural. Damit hat das Konzept individueller Identität eine strukturelle Entsprechung zur Gesellschaft. Plurale vieldeutige Interaktionssituationen sind vor allem in Situationen gegeben, in denen unterschiedliche kulturelle
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: interculture journal: Online-Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Studien ; 8 (2009) 7 ; 11-30
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454885
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454885
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Der interkulturelle Karl May-Effekt (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.482
    Keywords: May, Karl ; Orient
    Abstract: Abstract: Dieser Beitrag basiert auf einem Vortrag, der auf der Tagung "Konstruktionen kultureller Differenzen" an der LMU München im Juli 2008 gehalten wurde. Er beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, inwiefern die zahllosen Ratgeber, genannt Kulturknigge für den "Orient", einem Effekt unterliegen, der als interkultureller Karl May-Effekt bezeichnet wird. Dass diese Bezeichnung eine gewisse Ironie mit sich trägt, ist nicht zu verhehlen. Folgende Ratgeber wurden analysiert: Raphael Patai "The Arab Mind" (193), Richard Lewis "When Cultures Collide" (2004), Sylvia Ortlieb "Business-Knigge für den Orient" (2006) sowie Béatrice Hecht-El-Minshawi "Wirtschaftswunder in der Wüste" (2007). Im Laufe des noch nicht abgeschlossenen Projekts werden noch andere, weit verbreitete Ratgeber sowie Softwarepakete, wie z.B. das "Cultural Detective" analysiert. Den Beginn bildet eine sehr knappe und unvollständige selektive Darstellung der Orientbilder in der Geschichte, im Rahmen derer auf den Begriff des Orientalism
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: interculture journal: Online-Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Studien ; 8 (2009) 7 ; 51-66
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454893
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-454893
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  • 16
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    Rezension: Harald Welzer: Klimakriege. Wofür im 21. Jahrhundert getötet wird (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.6
    Keywords: Welzer, Harald ; Klimaänderung ; Industriestaaten
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet , In: Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit ; 9 (2009) 3 ; 123
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282225
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282225
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  • 17
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    Politik zu Vaterschaft (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.874
    Keywords: Vaterschaft ; Politik ; Vater ; Familienpolitik ; Österreich
    Abstract: Abstract: "Bei der Analyse der Strukturen und Funktionsweisen von Familien bzw. der familienpolitischen Einflussnahme wird der Part der Väter zumeist nachrangig behandelt. In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob es im Wohlfahrtsstaat Österreich eine Politik gibt, die auf Väter abzielt, und welchen Charakter eine solche besitzt. Es wird von der These ausgegangen, dass politische Regelungen zu Familie im Spannungsfeld von Familie, Arbeitsmarkt und Staat zu betrachten sind und nur so Widersprüche innerhalb der Politik zu Vaterschaft sowie die ambivalente Haltung von Vätern selbst erklärbar sind. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die geschlechtsspezifische Verfasstheit der österreichischen Familienpolitik und ihrer politischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen sowie die Normativität von Familienleitbildern überprüft. In den Ergebnissen werden die Ambivalenzen der österreichischen Politik zu Vaterschaft aufgezeigt." (Autorenreferat)
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet , In: SWS-Rundschau ; 49 (2009) 4 ; 491-511
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322947
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322947
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  • 18
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    Russians in Latvia: peculiarities of socio-cultural adaptation and identity (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: The author identifies trends and variations of the socio-cultural identity and integration of Russians in Latvia. According to the author, since the middle 1990s, two trends have been recognized - first, the 'ingrowing' of ethnic Russians into the life of independent Latvia, and second, forming their new identity. The article presents a number of factors hampering the integration of ethnic Russians into Latvian society. Variations and options of socio-cultural identity and integration (or assimilation) of the Russian population of Latvia are shown
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet , In: Baltic Region (2009) 1 ; 79-82
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-254732
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-254732
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  • 19
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    You want to appear competent? Be mean! You want to appear sociable? Be lazy! Group differentiation and the compensation effect (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2009) 2 ; 363-367, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 2 ; 363-367, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: Using the two fundamental dimensions of social judgment, warmth and competence, we show that, contrary to general models of impression formation, negative information on one dimension has positive consequences on the way a target is judged on the other dimension. Participants learned about two groups which were either congruent on warmth and competence (one group high on both and the other low on both) or they were compensatory (one group high on warmth and low on competence, the other high on competence and low on warmth). Our results show that in the compensatory condition, the groups were rated more extremely than in the congruent condition and that this was especially the case for the dimension on which the groups were high. Results are discussed both in terms of how they run counter to traditional theories of impression formation and what they tell us about the fundamental dimensions of social judgment
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.006
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-291311
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-291311
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.006
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  • 20
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    Effects of status and outcome on attributions and just-world beliefs: how the social distribution of success and failure may be rationalized (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2009) 2 ; 415-420, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 2 ; 415-420, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302
    Abstract: Abstract: The distribution of success and failure to social groups is supported by lay theories about the characteristics of social groups and the causes of their outcomes, as well as by beliefs about entitlement of groups to succeed or fail. This paper presents a study where a target individual’s socio-economic status (high vs. low) and outcome in a major academic achievement task (success vs. failure) were manipulated in a 2 x 2 experimental design. It was found that high-status success and low-status failure, i.e. the system-consistent outcomes, were attributed relatively more to stable internal causes (ability), whereas high-status failure and low-status success, i.e. the system-inconsistent outcomes, were attributed relatively more to unstable causes (effort). Second, participants’ belief in a just world was higher in high-status success and low-status failure than in high-status failure and low-status success
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.002
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-291402
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-291402
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.002
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  • 21
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    How terrorism news reports increase prejudice against outgroups: a terror management account (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2009) 3 ; 453-459, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 3 ; 453-459, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.6
    Abstract: Abstract: Three studies tested predictions derived from terror management theory (TMT) about the effects of terrorism news on prejudice. Exposure to terrorism news should confront receivers with thoughts about their own death, which, in turn, should increase prejudice toward outgroup members. Non-Muslim (Studies 1-3) and Muslim (Study 3) participants were exposed to news about either Islamic terrorist acts or to control news. When Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was murdered in Amsterdam by an Islamic extremist during data-collection of Study 1, this event was included as a naturally occurring factor in the design. Consistent with TMT, terrorism news and Van Gogh’s murder increased death-related thoughts. Death-related thoughts, in turn, increased prejudiced attitudes toward out-group members, especially when participants had low self-esteem, and when terrorism was psychologically close. Terrorism news may inadvertently increase prejudiced attitudes towards outgroups when it reminds viewers of
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.001
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292061
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292061
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.12.001
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  • 22
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    Take it or leave it for something better? Responses to fair offers in ultimatum bargaining (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2009) 6 ; 1227-1231, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 6 ; 1227-1231, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302
    Abstract: Abstract: We investigated if responders accept a 50-50 split in a modified version of the ultimatum game, in which rejection yields a higher payoff (€7) than accepting the equal offer (€5). Therefore, the decision to accept the 50-50 split in this modified ultimatum game cannot be perceived as a self-interest act, as opposed to the standard game, in which acceptance may reflect resignation in the knowledge that the equal split is the best one can expect. A substantial proportion of responders accepts the equal split in this modified game (Study 1), which clearly establishes egalitarian preferences. Further studies show that the willingness to accept is not an artifact of indifference towards the extra payoff (Study 2), but reflects true concerns for proposers’ outcomes (Study 3)
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.004
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-309852
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-309852
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.004
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  • 23
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    Culture, self and the emergence of reactance: is there a “universal” freedom? (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45 (2009) 5 ; 1068-1080, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 5 ; 1068-1080, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: In this article we suggest that independent vs. interdependent aspects of the self yield different manifestations of psychological reactance and that this is especially relevant in a cross-cultural context. In Studies 1, 2 and 4 we showed that people from collectivistic cultural backgrounds (individuals holding more interdependent attitudes and values) were less sensitive to a threat to their individual freedom than people from individualistic cultural backgrounds (individuals holding more independent attitudes and values), but more sensitive if their collective freedom was threatened. In Study 3 we activated independent vs. interdependent attitudes and values utilizing a cognitive priming method and yielded similar results as the other studies hinting at the important causal role of self-related aspects in understanding reactance in a cross-cultural context
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.005
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-309880
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-309880
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.005
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  • 24
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    Rezension: Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, Anthony P. Lombardo: Reparations to Africa (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit 9 (2009) 1 ; 30-31, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9 (2009) 1 ; 30-31, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.42
    Keywords: Reparationen ; Rhoda ; Afrika
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282357
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282357
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  • 25
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    Rent-sharing and collective wage contracts - evidence from German establishment-level data (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Applied Economics 42 (2009) 22 ; 2835-2854, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Applied Economics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42 (2009) 22 ; 2835-2854, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Abstract: Abstract: Using German establishment-level data, this paper analyses whether wages respond to firm-specific profitability conditions. Particular emphasis is given to the question of whether the extent of rent-sharing varies with collective bargaining coverage. In this context, two conflicting hypotheses are tested. The first one asserts that unions exploit their bargaining power at the firm-level and appropriate a larger share of rents than the bargaining parties in uncovered firms. The second one states that unions favour a compressed intra-industry wage structure and suppress the responsiveness of wages to firm-specific profitability conditions.\ The empirical analysis provides strong support for the second hypothesis. While pooled OLS estimates yield positive estimates of the rent-sharing coefficient in covered establishments, dynamic panel data estimates accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and the endogeneity of rents point to a rent-sharing coefficient of zero
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840801964708
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-242388
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-242388
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840801964708
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  • 26
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    A simultaneous approach to the estimation of risk aversion and the subjective time discount rate (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 374-388, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 374-388, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302
    Abstract: Abstract: "In this paper we analyze a sample of 1,832 individuals who responded to six randomly generated lottery questions that differ with respect to chance, prize and the timing of the draw. Using a model that explicitly allows for consumption smoothing, we obtain an estimate of relative risk aversion of 82. Instead, assuming consumption to be immediate gives an estimate of 2, close to what is traditionally reported, while a model of full asset integration gives estimates higher by several orders of magnitude. Our results show that estimated risk aversion is sensitive to the assumptions made with respect to the consumption profile and that it is possible to determine the level of asset integration endogenously. The average subjective time discount rate, which includes a preference for the present, equals 6% per month. It is found that both parameters vary strongly over individuals and that the variation can be explained by income, age, gender, and entrepreneurship, consistent with the maj
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.01.005
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-283105
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-283105
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.01.005
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  • 27
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    Effects of tobin taxes in minority game markets (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 231-240, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 231-240, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Abstract: Abstract: We show that the introduction of Tobin taxes in agent-based models of currency markets can lead to a reduction of both speculative trading and the magnitude of exchange rate fluctuations at intermediate tax rates. In this regime revenues obtained from speculators are maximal for the institutions acting as market makers. We here focus on minority game models of markets, which are accessible by exact techniques from statistical mechanics. Results are supported by computer simulations. Our findings suggest that at finite systems sizes the effect is most pronounced in a critical region around the phase transition of the infinite system, but much weaker if the market is operating far from criticality and does not exhibit anomalous fluctuations
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.009
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292137
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292137
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.009
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  • 28
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    Rezension: Martin Kronauer, Gudrun Linne (Hg.): Flexicurity. Die Suche nach Sicherheit in der Flexibilität (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit 9 (2009) 2 ; 81-82, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9 (2009) 2 ; 81-82, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Beschäftigung ; Sicherheit ; Generationengerechtigkeit
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282281
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282281
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  • 29
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    Rueda, David: Social Democracy Inside Out. Partisanship and Labor Market Policy in Industrialized Democracies (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 45 (2009) 3 ; 622-625, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 3 ; 622-625, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65547
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65547
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  • 30
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    Conformity and out of equilibrium beliefs (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 164-185, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70 (2009) 1-2 ; 164-185, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.3
    Abstract: Abstract: We analyze a model of conformity with contrasting inferences. Given a form of ‘strong inferences’, any non-conforming agent is believed to have ‘extreme preferences’ and can expect to receive low esteem. With a weaker form of inferences, a non-conforming agent could be inferred to have ‘average preferences’ and can expect a smaller fall in esteem. We find that the type of inferences need not influence whether a conformist equilibrium exists. It will, however, impact on the size of the set of conformist equilibria and thus weakening inferences acts as an equilibrium selection device
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.11.003
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292156
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-292156
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.11.003
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  • 31
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    Erwerbstätigkeit und Doktoratsstudium: ausgewählte Studienergebnisse zur sozioökonomischen Situation von DoktorandInnen an der Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Wien (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.5
    Keywords: Promotionsstudium ; Berufstätigkeit ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wien
    Abstract: Abstract: "Doktoratsstudierende an der Fakultät für Sozialwissenschaften der Universität Wien sind mit unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert: Eine, die fast alle DissertantInnen betrifft, ist die Vereinbarkeit von Studium und Erwerbstätigkeit. Die Studie zur sozioökonomischen Situation von DoktorandInnen benennt diese Herausforderungen und liefert neue Daten zu biographischen Hintergründen, Finanzierungsformen des Doktoratsstudiums, subjektiven Einschätzungen des Studienfortgangs sowie Bedürfnissen und Wünschen der Doktoratsstudierenden. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt Differenzen nach Geschlecht und Studienrichtung: Es zeigt sich, dass die Vereinbarkeit von Erwerbstätigkeit und Doktoratsstudium grundsätzlich als schwierig eingestuft wird. Diese Problematik variiert nach Art der Beschäftigung, der Höhe des Einkommens, der Bedeutung von Berufserfahrungen im eigenen Lebenslauf und Betreuungspflichten - diese Faktoren bestimmen die zeitlichen Prioritäten für das Doktoratsstudium und somit
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet , In: SWS-Rundschau ; 49 (2009) 4 ; 525-540
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322960
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322960
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  • 32
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    Teilhabe von Menschen mit einer intellektuellen Beeinträchtigung an Bildung, Arbeit und Forschung (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.908
    Keywords: Teilhabe ; Störung ; Behinderung ; Österreich
    Abstract: Abstract: "Ein vom Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) gefördertes Forschungsprojekt am Institut für Bildungswissenschaft der Universität Wien versucht, Partizipationserfahrungen von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung zu erfassen, die sich an der Nahtstelle zwischen Schule und Beruf oder bereits im Arbeitsleben befinden. Neben der in Österreich für diese Personengruppe erstmals durchgeführten bundesweiten quantitativen Erhebung (Übergangsverläufe von der Schule in den Beruf und Strukturdaten für den Arbeitsmarkt) zielt das Projekt primär auf die Rekonstruktion der Perspektive der Betroffenen mit qualitativen Methoden. In einer Längsschnittstudie werden auf Basis der Grounded Theory Daten zu den Erfahrungen in beiden Gruppen (Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene in der Übergangsphase sowie bereits im Arbeitsleben Stehende) bearbeitet. Mit der Einbeziehung von Menschen mit intellektueller Beeinträchtigung in die Interpretation und Validierung qualitativer Daten durch eine Referenz
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet , In: SWS-Rundschau ; 49 (2009) 3 ; 391-403
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322910
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-322910
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  • 33
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    Does the canonical theory of assimilation explain the Roma case? Some evidence from Central and Eastern Europe (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: This article focuses on the relation between mobility and assimilation among the Roma. Quantitative results from UNDP research in four Central and Eastern Europe countries provide new data and show the need for a new conceptualization of the evidence. These results demonstrate that there are no significant data to confirm the existence of a straight-line process of assimilation in the Roma case. Thus, they question the canonical theory of assimilation by demonstrating that middle-class Roma tend not to leave their identity behind. I propose the need for a segmented theory of the different upward mobility paths that Roma people tend to follow. In a complementary way, the observed results also point out the need to take into account some variations in Roma ethnic identity depending on the source of ethnic data, how they are collected and the implications for research in the different national contexts explored
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Ethnic and Racial Studies ; 32 (2009) 8 ; 1387-1405
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870903006988
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-164339
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-164339
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870903006988
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  • 34
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    "Vereinte Nationen im Ländle": binationale Paare in Baden-Württemberg (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.84
    Keywords: Binationales Paar ; Paar ; Baden-Württemberg
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 1 ; 23-27
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-413966
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-413966
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  • 35
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    Stichprobenzugang oder das Sampling: Problem bei kulturvergleichenden psychologischen Untersuchungen (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.482
    Keywords: Stichprobe ; Stichprobennahme ; Ethnopsychologie
    Abstract: Abstract: Cross-cultural research, quantitative or qualitative, is cost-intensive and laborious. Especially the empirical psychological research has to solve many methodic problems. Sampling has a common problem with generalization of psychological results. This factor exacerbates itself in a cross-cultural study, as the sampling has to meet certain criteria: 1. It should show a high representativeness of the normal distribution in every culture that is compared. 2. The samples of every culture, that is compared, have to be similar in order to guarantee their comparability. This article discusses and presents the kind of methodic difficulties emerging in these studies
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: interculture journal: Online-Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Studien ; 8 (2009) 10 ; 45-60
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-453756
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-453756
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 36
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    Menschenrechte und vielfarbige Welten (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.482
    Keywords: Menschenrecht ; Identität ; Raun
    Abstract: Abstract: Dass "grün" nicht gleich "grün" und mit dem Konzept von Lebenskraft und Glück überall gleichgesetzt wird, zeigte sich in Israel, als die öffentlichen Busse in diese Farbe umgespritzt wurden. Jüdische Fahrgäste weigerten sich, die grünen Verkehrsmittel zu besteigen - da sie diese mit "Islam" gleichsetzten und politisches oder auch spirituelles Unheil witterten. Im folgenden Text geht es um das prozesshafte von Kultur, um plurale Identitäten und um die daraus folgenden Wahlmöglichkeiten von Menschen zu entscheiden, aus welchem Blickwinkel sie jeweils die Welt sehen und danach handeln wollen. Es geht um die gemeinsamen menschlichen Voraussetzungen die Welt zu erkennen, was eine Basis für Dialoge zum gegenseitigen Respekt und zur Vermeidung von Missverständnissen bilden kann
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: interculture journal: Online-Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Studien ; 8 (2009) 7 ; 3-10
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-451696
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-451696
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  • 37
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    Evaluating the economic impact of large cultural events: a case-study of Sibiu, European capital of culture 2007 (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306
    Abstract: Abstract: This article intends to describe and analyze the impact of a cultural mega-event on a specific city context in post-communist Romania. Our case-study of Sibiu European Capital of Culture 2007 shows that cultural events have not only undeniable cultural and social value, but also an important economic impact. The cultural event in Sibiu managed not only to enhance the city's image and to promote Romania worldwide, yet it largely helped local and regional economy by direct, indirect and induced economic effects. Our analysis shows that European Capital of Culture program had a noticeable impact on local tourism, infrastructure, and Sibiu municipality's budget. It largely helped to boost local economy, which was recovering after a decade of economic decline, and to turn the city into a major destination for foreign and national investments in Romania. The impact of the 2007 European Capital of Culture event on urban development explains why the nomination of Capital of Culture became
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review ; 9 (2009) 2 ; 317-327
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-446431
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-446431
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  • 38
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    Immigrants' emotional identification with the host society: the example of Turkish parents' naming practices in Germany (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: "The naming practices of immigrants are studied as an example of their emotional identification with the host society and with the society of origin. Using data from the project 'Preschool Education and Educational Careers among Migrant Children', the article analyses if the first name chosen for their child by Turkish parents in Germany is a name that is common only in Turkey (emotional separation), only in Germany (emotional assimilation) or in both countries (emotional integration). Most of the parents choose a Turkish name for their child, but girls are more frequently given names that are common in both cultures than are boys, while German names are only rarely chosen. Intermarriage strongly decreases the probability for separation in naming and especially increases the probability for the integration option, while the presence of a parent with German citizenship enhances assimilation more strongly than it does integration. Families who are more traditional and religious tend
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Ethnicities ; 9 (2009) 2 ; 200-225
    DOI: 10.1177/1468796809103460
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-439799
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-439799
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796809103460
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  • 39
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    ISSP study monitoring 2007: report to the ISSP General Assembly on monitoring work undertaken for the ISSP (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource, 100 S.
    Series Statement: GESIS-Technical Reports Bd. 2009/05
    DDC: 301
    Abstract: Abstract: Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein internationales, akademisches Umfrageprogramm, das seit 1985 eine jährliche Umfrage zu wechselnden sozialwissenschaftlichen Themen durchführt. Bei dem vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um einen Monitoringbericht zu den ISSP-Studien in den Modulen Freizeit und Sport von 34 beteiligten Ländern. Der Bericht behandelt die folgenden Themen: (1) Details zu den beteiligten Einrichtungen und Wissenschaftlern; (2) Stichprobenziehung; (3) Feldarbeit; (4) Datenkontrolle und -aufbereitung; (5) Kontext der ISSP-Befragung und Reichweite der Fragen; (6) Details der Übersetzungsverfahren. Darüber hinaus ist auch der Monitoring-Fragebogen enthalten. (ICD)
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-207025
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-207025
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  • 40
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    Einkommensungleichheit von Männern und Frauen (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.3
    Keywords: Eingeschworene Jungfrau ; Einkommensdisparität ; Baden-Württemberg
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 6 ; 39-41
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-408200
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-408200
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  • 41
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    Altersgruppen und Generationen: Konfliktlinien und Potenziale zur Integration (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.2
    Keywords: Generation ; Altersgruppe ; Wohlfahrtsstaat ; Konfliktlinie ; Italien ; Frankreich
    Abstract: Abstract: "Während die alte Klassenfrage zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts gelöst zu sein scheint, tauchen neue Bruchlinien auf, zum Beispiel zwischen den Generationen. Diese ergeben sich durch historische oder strukturelle Umbrüche politischer, kultureller oder ökonomischer Natur. Der Grund, wieso Alterskonflikte nicht deutlicher hervortreten, liegt in der vermittelnden Funktion von politischen Parteien, Verbänden und der Familie. Obwohl immer wieder anders behauptet wird, begünstigt das Sozialsystem nicht einseitig die Älteren. Auch in politischen Entscheidungsprozessen gibt es keinen Beweis für eine vermeintliche Entwicklung hin zur Gerontokratie." (Autorenreferat)
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Journal für Generationengerechtigkeit ; 9 (2009) 2 ; 75-80
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282250
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-282250
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  • 42
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    The lab versus the virtual lab and virtual field - an experimental investigation of trust games with communication (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302.30285
    Abstract: Abstract: We study trust games in a virtual world environment and contrast results with laboratory studies, with and without personal interaction enabled by the virtual world platform. Particular attention is given to the motives that drive behavior in the various environments and to issues that are context dependent, particularly communication and social distance. We find that allowing for personal interaction through a virtual world interface increases the amount sent relative to laboratory results, but that subjects recruited in the virtual world give and return less than the laboratory control group with the same virtual world interface
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization ; 72 (2009) 2 ; 716-724
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.07.013
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-314217
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-314217
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.07.013
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  • 43
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    Birth Dynamics and Structure in the Romanian Village in North-Western Transylvania (former half of the 19th century – beginning of the 20th century) (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.6
    Abstract: Abstract: Birth will be approached from both regional analysis and family perspectives. In the latter case, a complex survey reconstructing family in two sample villages in the survey will show specific aspects of birth. The aims and objectives of our analysis are to establish besides birth rate the possible connections between collective mentality and the act of birth and conception, birth degree, mother’s age, number of children in a family, etc. On the other hand, birth will be explained and highlighted by making reference to documents and statistics on births in the region in parallel
    Note: Preprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Romanian journal of population studies ; 3 (2009) 2 ; 70-95
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-329957
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-329957
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  • 44
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    Male authority vs. female authority in traditional rural society (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.3
    Abstract: Abstract: In traditional rural societies, the relationships between the two partners are genuine community patterns. It is not good to mingle male authority with thefe male’s, just like it is not possible to reverse the roles. Each of them has clear-cutt asks on both inter-relational level and on the level of socio-economic activities within or outside the household. The (male or female) authority in point is brought to the foreground as early as the first contacts between the partners. The whole “courtship”, “proposal”, “dealing” with the bride’s father (moment often associated with engagement), wedding rituals, etc., show the division of authority between the two. The community and the Church are on man’s side. The male has authority on his family. Yet, the authority originates in the role of representing the family in front of the community, a role assumed by man. The woman has authority on household. Yet she has internal control only when the mother-in-law and generally female community
    Note: Preprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Romanian journal of population studies (2009) Suppl. ; 657-670
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-330094
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-330094
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  • 45
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    Human knowledge, rules, and the spontaneous evolution of society in the social thought of Darwin, Hayek, and Boulding (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 301
    Abstract: Abstract: "In the social sciences, the label Darwinian often means a biological explanation of social henomena. Both Hayek and Boulding adopt a Lamarckian approach to social evolution. Hayek shows that coordination of groups larger than hunting and gathering bands requires a cultural evolution of learnt rules. Boulding uses the notion of noosphere of human knowledge, where learning transmits the noogenetic structure. Hayek's and Boulding's Lamarckian theories are compared with Darwin's theory of social evolution to explore how the latter may be extended to explain the links between human knowledge, rules, and evolution of society, outlining a Darwinian social/cultural approach. [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization ; 71 (2009) 1 ; 62-74
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.02.013
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-287503
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-287503
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.02.013
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  • 46
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    Biographisierte Übergänge in Arbeit: zur Notwendigkeit einer bewältigungsorientierten Sicht auf Übergänge im jungen Erwachsenenalter (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Erwachsener ; Übergang ; Jugendforschung ; Industriegesellschaft ; Arbeit
    Abstract: Abstract: 'Lernen in institutionalisierten Lernorten erhält im industriegesellschaftlichen Kontext seine Bedeutung vor allem in Hinblick auf das institutionell organisierte Statuspassagenmodell. Mit der Entgrenzung der Arbeitsgesellschaft wird diese institutionelle Bedeutungsstruktur brüchig und die Übergänge biographisieren sich. Damit kommt das Konzept der biographischen Übergänge ins Spiel, das eng mit der Bewältigungsperspektive verknüpft ist. Der Beitrag stellt vor diesem Hintergrund die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung vor, die Übergangsverläufe junger Erwachsener mittels biographischer Interviews aus der bewältigungsorientierten Sicht rekonstruierte. Damit zeigt sich, dass heute Übergänge einer biographischen, bewältigungsorientierten Logik folgen und nicht einfach auf formale Bildungs- und Arbeitsstrukturen rückbezogen werden können.' (Autorenreferat)
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet , In: Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid (2009) Jugendforschung 2009/1 ; 9-21
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-204300
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-204300
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  • 47
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    The stereotyper and the chameleon: the effects of stereotype use on perceivers' mimicry (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 303.3
    Abstract: Abstract: Interpersonal dynamics may play a crucial role in the perpetuation of stereotypes. In an experimental study, participants interacted with a confederate who provided either stereotype-consistent or stereotype-inconsistent descriptions about the elderly. Based on the assumption that mimicry represents a social glue that fosters interpersonal liking and affiliation, we assessed the extent to which participants mimicked the nonverbal behaviors of the confederate as a function of the stereotypicality of the descriptions. Results showed that nonconscious mimicry was more likely when the speaker relied on stereotypes rather than on stereotype-inconsistent information. In Study 2 the effect was replicated in relation to national stereotypes. This finding indicates that stereotypers are faced with subtle nonverbal cues from the audience that can retroactively reinforce their behaviors and thus make stereotype dismissal so difficult to be achieved
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed) , In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology ; 45 (2009) 4 ; 835-839
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.012
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-286634
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-286634
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.012
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  • 48
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    Das Internet gehört für viele Baden-Württemberger zum Alltag (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302.231
    Keywords: Internet ; Baden-Württemberger ; Haushalt ; Baden-Württemberger ; Baden-Württemberg
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , In: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg (2009) 9 ; 28-30
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412041
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-412041
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  • 49
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    Transnational Family Ties of Immigrants in the Netherlands (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (2009) 7 ; 1164-1182, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Ethnic and Racial Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2009) 7 ; 1164-1182, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: Abstract Inspired by recent efforts in the United States to quantify the degree of transnational ties that immigrants possess, this article explores and analyses the prevalence and determinants of transnational family ties of immigrants in the Netherlands. Using data from a representative survey of four immigrant groups in the Netherlands, this paper also aims to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the effects of incorporation into an immigrant’s host society on transnational family ties. Findings show that while the vast majority of immigrants with relatives in the country of origin have frequent contact with these relatives, only a third of respondents contribute to the livelihood of family members in the homeland. Incorporation characteristics show distinct patterns over different types of involvement. While incorporation variables have a negative effect on the frequency of contact, they show little effect on remittances
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870902763852
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134252
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134252
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870902763852
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  • 50
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    Muslim immigrants and religious group feelings: Self-identification and attitudes among Sunni and Alevi Turkish-Dutch (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (2009) 7 ; 1121-1142, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Ethnic and Racial Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2009) 7 ; 1121-1142, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.6
    Abstract: Abstract: Affective ratings of multiple religious (sub)groups (Muslims, Christians, Jews, and non-believers, as well as Sunni, Alevi, and Sjiit Muslims), the endorsement of Islamic minority rights and religious group identification were examined among Sunni and Alevi Turkish-Dutch participants. The findings show that both groups differ in important ways. Some Alevi participants considered themselves Muslims but others interpreted Alevi identity in a secular way. The Sunnis were quite negative towards Jews and non-believers, they more strongly endorsed Islamic minority rights and they had very high Muslim group identification. Furthermore, the Sunnis were negative towards Alevis and the Alevis were negative towards the Sunnis. Muslim group identification was positively and strongly related to feelings towards Muslims and to the endorsement of Islamic group rights
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870802379312
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134248
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134248
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802379312
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  • 51
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    Kolb, Holger; Egbert, Henrik (eds.): Migrants and Markets. Perspectives from Economics and the Other Social Sciences (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 45 (2009) 3 ; 637-639, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 3 ; 637-639, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.8
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65603
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65603
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  • 52
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    African and Caribbean Adolescents in Britain: Ethnic Identity and Britishness (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (2009) 7 ; 1248-1270, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Ethnic and Racial Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2009) 7 ; 1248-1270, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: Ethnic and national identities of 11-16-year-old British Africans and Caribbeans were examined by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney 1992) and Britishness questionnaire (Barrett 2000). Adolescents ranked ethnicity as more important than age, gender or nationality, stereotyped Caribbeans/Africans more positively than British, and derived more pride from ethnicity than nationality. England was the least popular answer to “where are you from”, but more Caribbeans versus Africans chose this category and older Caribbeans described themselves as more ‘British’ than older Africans. Girls reported stronger ethnic identity than boys, who rated Britishness as more important, reported stronger British pride and liked British people more than girls did. Stereotypes of ethnic and national group members were associated with the strength of self-identification with the group. It is concluded that theory and research should depart from conventional notions that equate each racial labe
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870802298421
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134220
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134220
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802298421
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  • 53
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    Policies and public opinion towards immigrants: the Spanish case (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (2009) 7 ; 1101-1120, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Ethnic and Racial Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2009) 7 ; 1101-1120, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: By tackling negative opinions towards immigration we can create a basis to orientate policies that seek to reduce them. My purpose is to highlight that the analysis of immigration in Spain exemplifies a clear link between policies and public opinion. It is this link that is at the basis of what I will call the ambivalence of Spanish public opinion, when border and integration issues are compared
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/01419870802302280
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134236
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-134236
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870802302280
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  • 54
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    Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert: Development, Democracy, and Welfare States: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 45 (2009) 3 ; 615-619, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 3 ; 615-619, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.8
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65526
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65526
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  • 55
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    A lottery within a lottery? An Examination of the Distribution of Lottery Funds in England (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Applied Economics 42 (2009) 1 ; 63-71, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Applied Economics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42 (2009) 1 ; 63-71, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.48
    Abstract: Abstract: The UK National Lottery has been in operation since 1994. An examination of the regional distribution of awards per head of population suggests marked spatial disparities with London doing particularly well and Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and the North East faring much better than other regions. Such disparities also exist at English Local Authority level with funding in London and some major provincial centres doing much better than more rural authorities. Such inequalities may give grounds for concern, given that they appear to replicate those for other types of Government spending. The results of an empirical model designed to explain the spatial distribution of awards suggest that, in addition to a London effect, levels of deprivation have a positive impact. Another important explanatory variable which has a positive impact on lottery funding is the qualifications of residents which might plausibly reflect the quality of lottery bids received from an area. However, once t
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840701564426
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-241950
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-241950
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701564426
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  • 56
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    Self-employment duration in urban and rural locations (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Applied Economics 41 (2009) 19 ; 2449-2461, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Applied Economics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41 (2009) 19 ; 2449-2461, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: Previous research has shown that the local environment is important for self-employment. The dynamics of self-employment varies between areas characterized by different labour market conditions, entrepreneurial traditions and other structural factors. This paper analyzes self-employment spells in Finland with a large register-based data set from the period 1987–2002. The main aim is to investigate the role of region-specific factors as compared with individual-specific and other factors on the duration of self-employment spells. First, the descriptive analysis shows that the exit rates from self-employment and the length of self-employment spells depend upon location (urban vs. rural area) and the cyclical trends in the economy. Second, self-employment duration is modelled using discrete time survival analysis. It is found that rural areas have significantly lower exit rates in the first years of self-employment than urban areas
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1080/00036840802360278
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-242148
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-242148
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840802360278
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  • 57
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    The empirical relevance of the competitive storage model (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Econometrics 162 (2009) 1 ; 44-54, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Econometrics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 162 (2009) 1 ; 44-54, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Abstract: Abstract: "The empirical relevance of models of competitive storage arbitrage in explaining commodity price behavior has been seriously challenged in a series of pathbreaking papers by Deaton and Laroque (1992, 1995, 1996). Here we address their major criticism, that the model is in general unable to explain the degree of serial correlation observed in prices of twelve major commodities. First, we present a simple numerical version of their model which, contrary to Deaton and Laroque (1992), can generate the high levels of serial correlation observed in commodity prices, if it is parameterized to generate realistic levels of price variation. Then, after estimating the Deaton and Laroque (1995, 1996) model using their data set, model specification and econometric approach, we show that use of a much finer grid to approximate the equilibrium price function yields quite different estimates for most commodities. Results are obtained for coffee, copper, jute, maize, palm oil, sugar and tin that s
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.008
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-268422
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-268422
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.10.008
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  • 58
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    Dynamic invariant multinomial probit model: identification, pretesting and estimation (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Econometrics 155 (2009) 2 ; 117-127, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Econometrics
    Angaben zur Quelle: 155 (2009) 2 ; 117-127, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: "We present a new specification for the multinomial multiperiod Probit model with autocorrelated errors. In sharp contrast with commonly used specifications, ours is invariant with respect to the choice of a baseline alternative for utility differencing. It also nests these standard models as special cases, allowing for data based selection of the baseline alternatives for the latter. Likelihood evaluation is achieved under an Efficient Importance Sampling (EIS) version of the standard GHK algorithm. Several simulation experiments highlight identification, estimation and pretesting within the new class of multinomial multiperiod Probit models." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.09.021
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-267992
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-267992
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2009.09.021
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  • 59
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    Die unterschätzte Macht legitimer Literalität (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  REPORT - Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung 32 (2009) 4 ; 55-67, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: REPORT - Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32 (2009) 4 ; 55-67, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 302.2
    Keywords: Macht ; Gesellschaft
    Abstract: Abstract: Es ist modern geworden, von multiplen Literalitäten zu sprechen. Daher greifen wir hier die Begriffshistorie auf und versuchen, zu einer Präzisierung beizutragen. Die Fragen, wie Schrift und Denken einerseits und Schrift und Gesellschaft andererseits zusammenhängen, sind strittig, deshalb zeichnen wir die Diskussion nach und stellen eine weitere Position zur Debatte, nämlich die Idee einer "legitimen Literalität"
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.3278/REP0904W055
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-53131-9
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-53131-9
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.3278/REP0904W055
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  • 60
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    Zaidi, Asghar: The Well-Being of Older People in Ageing Societies (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 45 (2009) 45 ; 619-622, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 45 ; 619-622, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.26
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65535
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65535
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  • 61
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    Weiner, Elaine: Market Dreams: Gender, Class and Capitalism in the Czech Republic (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 45 (2009) 3 ; 633-634, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45 (2009) 3 ; 633-634, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 306.3
    Note: Veröffentlichungsversion , begutachtet
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65584
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-65584
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  • 62
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    Knowledge flows and the geography of networks: a strategic model of small world formation (2009)
    Mannheim : SSOAR
    In:  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 71 (2009) 2 ; 414-427, Online-Ressource
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71 (2009) 2 ; 414-427, Online-Ressource
    DDC: 305.8
    Abstract: Abstract: "This paper aims to demonstrate that the strategic approach to link formation can generate networks that share some of the main structural properties of most real social networks. For this purpose, we introduce a spatialized variation of the Connections model (Jackson and Wolinsky 1996) to describe the strategic formation of links by agents who balance the benefits of forming links resulting from imperfect knowledge flows against their costs, which increase with geographic distance. We show, for intermediate levels of knowledge transferability, clustering occurs in geographical space and a few agents sustain distant connections. Such networks exhibit the small world property (high clustering and short average relational distances). When the costs of link formation are normally distributed across agents, asymmetric degree distributions are also obtained." [author's abstract]
    Note: Postprint , begutachtet (peer reviewed)
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.02.005
    URN: urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-286076
    URL: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-286076
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    URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.02.005
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  • 63
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    Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. Urban planning will shape future trends and the concentration of population, socio-economic activity, poverty and infrastructure in urban areas translates into particular vulnerability to increased climate hazards. City governments and urban stakeholders will therefore be essential in the design and delivery of cost-effective adaptation policies. Further, by empowering local governments, national policies could leverage existing local experiments, accelerate policy responses, foster resource mobilization and engage local stakeholders. This paper presents a framework for multilevel governance, showing that advancing governance of climate change across all levels of government and relevant stakeholders is crucial to avoid policy gaps between local action plans and national policy frameworks (vertical integration) and to encourage cross-scale learning between relevant departments or institutions in local and regional governments (horizontal dimension). Vertical and horizontal integration allows two-way benefits: locally-led or bottom-up where local initiatives influence national action and nationally-led or top-down where enabling frameworks empower local players. The most promising frameworks combine the two into hybrid models of policy dialogue where the lessons learnt are used to modify and fine-tune enabling frameworks and disseminated horizontally, achieving more efficient local implementation of climate strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/220062444715
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  • 64
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    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.708
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socioeconomic backgrounds as a measure of (in) equality of opportunity in OECD countries and looks at the role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15- year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality - in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines - while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Policies allowing increasing social mix are found to reduce school socio-economic segregation without affecting overall performance. Countries that emphasise childcare and pre-school institutions exhibit lower levels of inequality of opportunity, suggesting the effectiveness of early intervention policies in reducing persistence of education outcomes across generations. There is also a positive association between inequality of opportunities and income inequality. As a consequence, cross-country regressions suggest that redistributive policies can help to reduce inequalities of educational opportunities associated with socioeconomic background and, hence, persistence of education outcomes across generations.
    DOI: 10.1787/223056645650
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  • 65
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    Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076235
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230; 21-day Fish Assay; A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay: A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo de certaines substances actives sur le système endocrinien sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). Cet essai couvre le dépistage de l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique, et l’inhibition de l’aromatase. L’essai a été validé sur le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), le médaka japonnais (Oryzias latipes) et le poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio); cependant le poisson-zèbre ne permet pas de détecter l’activité androgénique. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, en fonction de l’espèce testée, un ou deux biomarqueur(s) sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur l’activité oestrogénique, androgénique ou sur l’inhibition de l’aromatase. Ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. La vitellogénine est dosée chez le tête-de-boule, le medaka japonais et le poisson-zèbre tandis que les caractères sexuels secondaires sont mesurés chez le tête-de-boule et le medaka japonais uniquement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076235-fr
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  • 66
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    Economic Impacts of the Phase-Out in 2005 of Quantitative Restrictions under the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.90
    DOI: 10.1787/220185234525
    URL: Volltext
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  • 67
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    Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions : Review of Models (Russian version) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062238-ru
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  • 68
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    Infrastructure Investment : Links to Growth and the Role of Public Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.686
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Investment in network infrastructure – the energy, water, transport and telecommunication networks – which performs a vital role for the functioning of the economy, can contribute to raising growth and social welfare. But more is not always better. While the paper shows that investment in the network industries has had a positive effect over and above the addition to the capital stock, there is evidence that investment in the past has sometimes been misallocated. This paper identifies the policy framework that promotes investment that is conducive to growth and ensures the appropriate use of infrastructure. Central aspects of this framework are identified as a robust decision making process, improving the selection of investment projects, the introduction of competitive pressures through the reduction of barriers to entry and vertical separation when this is appropriate. In addition, efficient investment can be promoted by the combination of regulator independence and the application of incentive regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/225678178357
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  • 69
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    Test No. 451: Carcinogenicity Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 ; Études de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 : Études de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of administration. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rats and mice, and for oral administration. Both sexes should be used. Each dose group and concurrent control group should contain at least 50 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used. Animals are dosed with the test substance daily (oral, dermal or inhalation administration) and the mode of exposure should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the study will normally be 24 months for rodents. For specific strains of mice, duration of 18 months may be more appropriate. Termination of the study should be considered when the number of survivors in the lower dose groups or the control group falls below 25 per cent. The results of these studies include: measurements (weighing, food consumption), and, at least, daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071186-en
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  • 70
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    Technology Roadmap: Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088177
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: This energy technology roadmap focuses on electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (EV/PHEV), presenting for the first time a detailed scenario for their evolution from annual production of a few thousand to over 100 million vehicles by 2050. It finds that the next decade is a key “make or break” period for EVs and PHEVs: governments, the automobile industry, electric utilities and other stakeholders must work together to roll out vehicles and infrastructure in a coordinated fashion, and ensure that the rapidly growing consumer market is ready to purchase them. The roadmap concludes with a set of near-term actions to achieve the roadmap’s vision.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088177-en
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  • 71
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    Green Growth : Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083639
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La croissance verte ; La crise et au-delà
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La croissance verte : La crise et au-delà
    Keywords: OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltschutzmarkt ; Wirkung ; Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturpolitik ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; OECD-Länder Wirtschaftskrise ; Alternative ; Investition ; Umweltindustrie ; Wirkung/Auswirkung ; Beschäftigung ; Konjunkturprogramm ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Direktinvestition ; Umweltpolitik ; Innovation ; Environment
    Abstract: Within the context of sustainable development, natural resources and ecosystem services provided by the environment are essential to support economic growth social wellbeing, and human health. Inaction on key environmental challenges, such as climate change, could lead to severe economic consequences in the future. It is important that the measures governments are taking now to address the economic crisis are designed so that they support – and at least do not compromise – sustainable long-term, environmentally friendly growth in the future. This discussion paper highlights some of the measures governments are already taking to 'green' their approches to economic recovery, and some of the key issues they may wish to further consider going forward regarding the impact of these approaches on the environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083639-en
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  • 72
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    Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076358
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441; Hershberger Bioassay in Rats; A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats: A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le bio-essai de Hershberger est un essai de dépistage in vivo à court terme. Il permet d’évaluer la capacité d’un produit chimique à induire des activités biologiques analogues à celles induites par des agonistes et des antagonistes d’androgène ou des inhibiteurs de 5α-réductase. L’essai actuel est fondé sur les variations de poids de cinq tissus dépendant des androgènes chez le rat mâle péri-pubertaire castré: la prostate ventrale, la vésicule séminale (plus les fluides et les glandes coagulantes), le muscle élévateur de l’anus et bulbo-caverneux, la paire de glandes de Cowper et le gland. Pour tester les androgènes ou les anti-androgènes, deux - respectivement trois - groupes de doses de la substance d’essai, plus un témoin positif et un témoin de véhicule (négatif) sont normalement suffisants. La substance d’essai est administrée par gavage ou injection sous-cutanée, chaque jour, pendant 10 jours consécutifs. Pour tester les anti-androgènes, la substance d’essai est administrée avec un agoniste d’androgène de référence. Chaque groupe traité ou témoin comprend au moins six animaux. Les animaux sont autopsiés environ 24 heures après la dernière administration de la substance d’essai. Les tissus sont excisés et les poids frais sont déterminés. Une augmentation (pour les androgènes) ou une diminution (pour les anti-androgènes) du poids de deux des cinq tissues, statistiquement significative, indique une réponse positive dans cet essai.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076358-fr
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    Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076242
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 ; Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is recommended for use in the Guideline. The assay uses three test chemical concentrations and the necessary controls, including a carrier control if necessary. The assay starts with tadpoles at the development stage 51 on the Nieuwkoop and Faber scale and is extended for a duration of 21 days. Four replicate test vessels are used for each treatment level and control(s). After 7 days of exposure, a sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is sampled for the measurement of the length of the hind-limb. At termination of 21-day exposure period, developmental stage, snout-to-vent length and hind limb length are measured on all remaining tadpoles. A sub-set of tadpoles from each treatment level is fixed (whole-body or dissected) for histopathology of the thyroid gland.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076242-en
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  • 74
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    Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076266
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231; Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de métamorphose des amphibiens dans le but de dépister certaines substances pouvant intérférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-thyroidien. L’essai a été validé sur le xénope (Xenopus laevis) qui est donc l’espèce recommandée dans la présente Ligne directrice. L’essai fait usage de trois niveaux de concentrations du produit chimique testé, ainsi que des témoins nécessaires, y compris un témoin-solvant au besoin. L’essai commence avec des têtards au stade de développement 51 sur l’échelle de Nieuwkoop et Faber, et s’étend sur une durée de 21 jours. Quatre cuves répliquats sont utilisés à chaque niveaux de traitement et pour le(s) témoin(s). Après 7 jours d’exposition, un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement et du(des) témoin(s) est échantillonné pour mesurer la longueur du membre antérieur. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, le stade de développement, la longueur museau-cloaque et la longueur du membre antérieur sont mesurés chez tous les têtards restants. Un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement, y compris du témoin, est fixé (in toto ou disséqué) pour l’évaluation histopathologique de la glande thyroide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076266-fr
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    Essai n 229 : Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229; Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229: Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). L’essai à court terme de reproduction a été validé chez le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), qui est donc l’espèce de prédilection. L’essai est mené avec trois niveaux de concentration chimique et les contrôles appropriés, y compris un contrôle contenant le solvent si nécessaire. Pour le tête-de-boule, quatre réplicats sont utilisés pour chaque niveau de concentration et contrôle(s). Pendant toute la durée de l’essai, la fécondité est en outre évaluée quotidiennement sur le plan quantitatif. A l’issue de cette période d’exposition de 21 jours, deux biomarqueurs sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur le système endocrinien ; ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. Les gonades sont préservées et l’histopathologie gonadique peut être utilisée pour évaluer l’adaptation du système reproducteur des animaux testés et pour confirmer les éléments de preuve apportés par les autres biomarqueurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076204-fr
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    L' impact de la culture sur le tourisme (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060340
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Impact of Culture on Tourism
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: L'Impact de la culture sur le tourisme examine la corrélation croissante entre le tourisme et la culture, et comment ils sont devenus ensemble de puissants vecteurs de l'attractivité et de la compétitivité des destinations. Sur la base d'études de cas illustrant différents aspects des relations entre le tourisme, la culture et l’attractivité régionale ainsi que les initiatives publiques qui peuvent être prises pour renforcer ces relations, cette publication démontre comment le lien entre tourisme et culture peut être renforcé afin d'accroître l’attractivité des destinations pour les touristes, mais aussi leur compétitivité comme lieux de visite, de résidence, de travail et d’investissement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060340-fr
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  • 77
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    Essai n 438 : Méthode d'essai sur œil de poulet isolé pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour les yeux (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076327
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 438; Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 438: Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai sur œil de poulet isolé (OPI) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour les yeux ». La méthode OPI utilise des yeux prélevés sur des poulets provenant d’abattoirs, où ils sont tués à des fins de consommation humaine, évitant ainsi le recours à ders animaux de laboratoire. L’œil est énucléé et placé sur un support d’œil, la cornée étant en position horizontale. La substance d’essai et les contrôles négatifs/positifs sont appliqués sur la cornée. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir d’une évaluation qualitative de son opacité, une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement de l’épithélium sur la base de la rétention de fluorescéine, une mesure quantitative de l’augmentation de son épaisseur (gonflement), et une évaluation qualitative de l’endommagement morphologique macroscopique de la surface. Chacune de ces évaluations se traduit par un classement OPI, et la combinaison des classements correspondants fournit un classement d’irritation pour chaque substance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076327-fr
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  • 78
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    Construire un cadre institutionnel pour l'analyse d'impact de la réglementation (AIR) : Orientations destinées aux décideurs (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050105
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (81 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA); Guidance for Policy Makers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Building an Institutional Framework for Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA): Guidance for Policy Makers
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: L’analyse d’impact de la réglementation (AIR) est un instrument fondamental qui aide les autorités à évaluer les bienfaits, le coût et les effets probables de la réglementation en projet ou en vigueur. La réglementation étant ainsi mieux conçue, l’AIR contribue à l’efficience recherchée par les responsables de l’action publique. Cet apport est d’autant plus précieux que les autorités doivent faire face à des contraintes budgétaires et répondre par leur action à des impératifs concurrents. Ce guide, destiné aux décideurs qui souhaiteraient mieux connaître l’AIR, a pour but de traiter les principales étapes de l’AIR en insistant sur les conditions institutionnelles qu’il est indispensable de réunir pour que la réalisation aboutisse. Il s’appuie sur les très nombreux travaux que l’OCDE a consacrés à la pratique de l’AIR dans les pays membres. Le cadre de l’OCDE souligne l’intérêt de l’AIR, qui permet aux praticiens de mieux comprendre les conditions requises pour mettre en application un mécanisme d’AIR et pérenniser son fonctionnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050105-fr
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  • 79
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    Fédéralisme budgétaire en Belgique : Défis principaux et réformes envisageables (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.743
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscal Federalism in Belgium: Main Challenges and Considerations for Reform
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Ce document de travail porte sur l’état actuel des relations budgétaires entre les différents niveaux d’administration en Belgique ainsi que sur la manière dont celles-ci ont évolué au fil du temps. Partant du constat que le système qui donne corps au fédéralisme budgétaire est source de déséquilibres entre l’administration fédérale et les échelons infra-fédéraux (déséquilibre vertical) de même qu’entre les différentes entités fédérées (déséquilibre horizontal), les auteurs esquissent des orientations pour l’améliorer. Faute de réformes, le déséquilibre vertical ne fera que s’accentuer dans la mesure où la charge budgétaire imposée par le vieillissement de la population grèvera principalement le budget fédéral. Aussi la réforme devra-telle viser à renforcer la capacité budgétaire de l’administration fédérale en améliorant ses sources de recettes et en faisant basculer la charge représentée par certaines dépenses obligatoires sur les entités fédérées. Le déséquilibre entre régions résulte du manque de cohérence entre fiscalité et dépenses. Les recettes partagées provenant de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques sont attribuées à la région de résidence tandis que la région du lieu de travail n’en bénéficie pas, ce qui pénalise particulièrement la région de Bruxelles-Capitale en termes de recettes. Cette anomalie pourrait être corrigée en attribuant à la région du lieu de travail une proportion plus élevée des recettes partagées de l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques. Par ailleurs, il conviendrait de réorganiser le système des subventions de péréquation afin d’inciter les régions bénéficiaires à développer leurs propres sources de recettes fiscales. La performance du système budgétaire pourrait être encore améliorée si l’on réussissait à accroître l’efficience des dépenses dans les domaines d’intérêt national qui sont du ressort des entités fédérées ou dans lesquels on observe un chevauchement de compétences, qu’il s’agisse des politiques de l’emploi, de la R-D, de la formation, de l’éducation, de l’énergie et de l’environnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/218553473765
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  • 80
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    Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076273-en
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  • 81
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    Technology Roadmap: Wind Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088184
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Windenergie ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Kalkulation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Einstellung ; Akteur ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduktion ; Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Global Windkraft ; Energietechnik ; Entwicklungsperspektive und -tendenz ; Investition ; Kosten-Nutzen-Relation ; Energiepolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Haltung von Akteuren zu Einzelfragen ; Energiewirtschaft ; Reduzierung/Rückgang ; Kohlendioxid ; Energy ; Erde
    Abstract: Wind energy is perhaps the most advanced of the “new” renewable energy technologies, but there is still much work to be done. This energy technology roadmap identifies the key tasks that must be undertaken in order to achieve a vision of over 2 000 GW of wind energy capacity by 2050. Governments, industry, research institutions and the wider energy sector will need to work together to achieve this goal.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088184-en
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  • 82
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    Gérer les migrations de travailleurs hautement qualifiés : Une analyse comparative des politiques migratoires et des enjeux des migrations dans les pays de l'OCDE (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.79
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Highly-Skilled Labour Migration: A Comparative Analysis of Migration Policies and Challenges in OECD Countries
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La plupart des pays de l’OCDE s’attendent à des pénuries croissantes de travailleurs qualifiés dans les prochaines deux décennies, et l’immigration pourrait bien être une des réponses à ce phénomène. Ces dernières années, ils ont mis en place des politiques pour faciliter le recrutement de ces travailleurs et l’on peut s’attendre à ce qu’ils poursuivent leurs efforts dans ce sens. Ce document donne un aperçu des questions portant sur la gestion des travailleurs immigrés hautement qualifiés. Généralement, un migrant hautement qualifié est sensé avoir au moins une éducation de niveau supérieur, mais d’autres définitions sont possibles, notamment sur la base de la profession exercée. Le niveau de salaire est aussi une référence pratique utilisée par certains pays pour considérer que les migrants hautement qualifiés sont les personnes qui reçoivent une rémunération au-dessus d’un certain seuil. Il y a deux principaux moyens pour recruter des travailleurs hautement qualifiés résidant à l’étranger. Le premier est à l’initiative de la demande des employeurs. L’autre est fondé sur l’offre et consiste à inviter les candidats à postuler, et leur admission dépend de certains critères sélectifs comme l’âge, le niveau d’instruction, la maîtrise de la langue et la profession exercée. Il s’agit d’un système à points au-delà d’un certain niveau de points obtenus, les candidats ont le droit de s’installer dans le pays d’accueil. Les systèmes fondés sur l’offre ont montré leurs limites au cours des décennies récentes, les pays d’accueil éprouvant des difficultés de recruter de manière à garantir une insertion réussie sur le marché du travail. Les employeurs semblent attribuer moins de valeur aux qualifications et à l’expérience professionnelle acquises dans un pays hors de la zone OCDE. Ainsi, les immigrés arrivant sans emploi préalable, éprouvent de sérieuses difficultés à trouver l’emploi correspondant à leur qualification et leur expérience. En conséquence, on note une tendance générale à transférer à l’employeur tout ou partie de la responsabilité du processus de sélection des candidats à l’immigration. De cette façon, toutes les questions de qualification et d’expérience sont abordées dans le cadre des négociations d’embauche entre les employeurs et les personnes à recruter avant l’immigration. Une deuxième option est de favoriser les candidats à la migration ayant obtenu leurs qualifications dans un pays de l’OCDE et encore plus s’il s’agit du pays d’accueil lui-même. La plupart des pays de l’OCDE ont en fait adopté des mesures pour permettre aux étudiants étrangers ayant achevé leurs études, de rester dans le pays pour rechercher un emploi en relation avec leur niveau et leur domaine d’étude. Dans certains pays, dont la langue nationale est peu parlée au-delà de leurs frontières, le recrutement direct reste problématique, sauf si la langue de travail est internationale, comme l’anglais. Pour de tels pays, le recrutement direct peut encore être possible, si une langue internationale est largement parlée dans les lieux de travail. Autrement, la migration impulsée par devrait être envisagée avec des investissements linguistiques importants demandés aux nouveaux arrivés. Une politique active de recrutement signifie bien davantage que la simple possibilité d’accorder des permis à des employeurs ou à des candidats à l’immigration, sur la base de la reconnaissance de leur niveau de connaissance. Si les migrants hautement qualifiés peuvent être attirés, quels que soient les obstacles à surmonter, par des pays où les salaires sont élevés et dont les langues nationales sont largement parlées, les pays ayant une langue peu parlée en dehors du territoire national et offrant des salaires moins élevés ne pourront se contenter uniquement de la levée des barrières administratives. Dans la plupart des pays, les effets de l’évolution démographique commencent tout juste à se faire sentir. Mais, à l’horizon 2010, plus de la moitié des pays de l’OCDE auront des cohortes entrantes de main d’œuvre moins nombreuses que les cohortes sortantes. L’objectif à moyen terme pour les pays de l’OCDE est d’avoir des mouvements dont l’ampleur et la nature permettront de répondre aux besoins du marché du travail. Il serait prématuré de prétendre que toutes les politiques requises sont d’ores et déjà en place.
    DOI: 10.1787/225488071868
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  • 83
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    Turning African Agriculture into a Business : A Reader (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (63 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine ; Quelques jalons
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouvelles approches de l'agriculture africaine : Quelques jalons
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: African agriculture is a sleeping giant. Agribusiness remains in its infancy in most sub-Saharan African countries. Many of them now pay higher prices for imported food products and struggle to keep inflationary pressures under control. Given the strong long-term prospect for world food prices, increasing the productivity of food crops becomes a top priority. It requires sizeable investments in irrigation, storage, transport infrastructure and logistics, as well as better access to markets for inputs (fertilizers, seeds, planting materials and credit). While successful contract-farming schemes exist for export crops, they remain rare for food crops. Greater involvement of the private sector in designing and implementing such food-crop commercialisation programmes could develop viable local food industries. Existing international financing facilities such as the Enhanced Private Sector Assistance (EPSA) for Africa should get full use. Whether Africa can unleash the potential of commercial agriculture in the coming decades also depends in no small part on the continuous and effective support of the international development community. The findings summarised in this volume can serve as building blocks for further international discussions on fostering agro-based private-sector development and lifting smallholders out of poverty.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075887-en
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  • 84
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    Intégration, non-intégration des transports maritimes, des activités portuaires et logistiques : quelques évidences empiriques ; Contribution à la Table Ronde des 5-6 février 2009 sur "Intégration verticale du transport et de la logistique" (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2009-1
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: En cinquante années, la conteneurisation est devenue l’épine dorsale de la mondialisation. Ce processus peut s’expliquer par une interaction vertueuse entre trois grands types de facteurs : des facteurs techniques, économiques et organisationnels. En effet, la conteneurisation n’est à l’origine qu’une simple innovation technique. Mais le conteneur, outil intermodal, ouvre la voie à de nouveaux schémas organisationnels de transport qui s’inscrivent dans la durée. Ces facteurs organisationnels mettent en cause les acteurs du transport qui ont dû redéfinir les frontières de leur métier respectif, afin de mettre en oeuvre des chaînes de transport porte à porte fiables et globales par leur étendue géographique. Ces possibilités ouvertes par la conteneurisation seraient restées lettre morte, si elles n’avaient pas correspondu à de profonds bouleversements des facteurs économiques depuis les années 1970. La très forte croissance du commerce international des produits manufacturés, systématiquement supérieures à celle de l’ensemble du commerce international, elle-même supérieure à celle du PIB, caractérise une accentuation de la division internationale du travail qui n’était possible que sous-tendue par un puissant système de transport.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Frémont, Antoine: Empirical Evidence for Integration and Disintegration of Maritime Shipping, Port and Logistics Activities , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/227542743751
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    The Making of Global Finance 1880-1913 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264015364
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les origines de la mondialisation financière 1880-1913
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Development ; Economics
    Abstract: This study traces the roots of global financial integration in the first “modern” era of globalisation from 1880 to 1913 and can serve as a valuable tool to current-day policy dilemmas by using historical data to see which policies in the past led to enhanced international financing for development. A major conclusion is that the successful management of international financial integration depends primarily on broad institutional and political factors and financial policies, rather than simply opening or closing individual economies to the international winds. "A careful and vigorously argued monograph… an important book that future research in this area will have to take into account." – eh.net book review by Hugh Rockoff of Rutgers University.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264015364-en
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  • 86
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    Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 : política y práctica (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074026
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 ; Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 : Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A medida que los países se esfuerzan por reformar sus sistemas educativos y mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes, el liderazgo escolar se ha convertido en una prioridad de política educativa. Pero en muchos países, los hombres y mujeres que dirigen las escuelas están sobrecargados de trabajo, reciben salarios bajos y se acercan a su retiro. Y hay pocas personas que aspiran a ser los futuros directores escolares. ¿Cuáles son las funciones de dirección más eficaces para mejorar el aprendizaje de los alumnos? ¿Cómo asignar y distribuir mejor las distintas tareas de liderazgo? ¿Cómo desarrollar las habilidades apropiadas para un liderazgo eficaz? ¿Cómo hacer la profesión atractiva para candidatos de alta calidad? Este libro está basado en un estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y prácticas de liderazgo escolar en el mundo. Ofrece una valiosa perspectiva internacional, identifica cuatro áreas específicas de acción y una gama de opciones de política educativa para ayudar a los gobiernos a mejorar el liderazgo escolar ahora y desarrollar un liderazgo escolar sostenible para el futuro. Volúmenes complementarios Improving School Leadership Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership examina métodos innovadores para compartir el liderazgo entre las escuelas de Bélgica (Flandes), Finlandia y el Reino Unido (Inglaterra), así como los programas de desarrollo de liderazgo para la mejora del sistema en Australia y Austria. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar: herramientas de trabajo está diseñado para apoyar a los encargados de política educativa y a los practicantes en la planificación de procesos de reforma para escuelas y sistemas educativos en su contexto nacional. El liderazgo escolar eficaz es considerado como clave para la reforma educativa en el mundo. Estos libros serán de interés para encargados de política educativa, consejos escolares, administradores escolares, directores, maestros y padres de familia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074026-es
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  • 87
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    Promouvoir les avantages connexes liés à la biodiversité dans le cadre de la REDD (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Promoting Biodiversity Co-Benefits in REDD
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La réduction des émissions liées à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts (REDD) dans les pays en développement est un nouveau mécanisme financier proposé pour le régime climatique post-2012 sous l'égide de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC). L’obtention d’un accord sur un futur mécanisme de REDD constituerait un progrès majeur et sans précédent vers la création d’un dispositif international visant à internaliser les services écosystémiques forestiers liés au carbone, et pourrait sensiblement contribuer à relever le défi du changement climatique global. Les forêts jouent également un rôle essentiel pour assurer la biodiversité, et pour fournir d’autres services écosystémiques non liés au carbone. Le plan d’action de Bali reconnaît que l’action en faveur de la REDD « peut avoir des retombées positives et servir les buts et objectifs d’autres conventions et accords internationaux pertinents ». Un exemple notable est celui de la Convention sur la diversité biologique. Le présent rapport examine les moyens de renforcer les avantages connexes pouvant être tirés de la REDD sur le plan de la biodiversité, tant au niveau de la conception qu’à celui de la mise en oeuvre. Il analyse les répercussions potentielles sur la biodiversité des différents dispositifs de REDD envisageables qui ont été avancés dans les négociations internationales sur le changement climatique et poursuit en examinant comment compléter la REDD en créant des incitations supplémentaires spécifiquement axées sur la biodiversité, de manière à cibler directement les avantages liés à celle-ci. Les principaux aspects de la conception d’un mécanisme de REDD sur lesquels il reste à trouver un accord, et qui sont susceptibles d’avoir des répercussions sur la biodiversité, sont notamment la portée du mécanisme, son financement, les niveaux de base ou de référence, la permanence, etc. Par exemple, une approche du financement de la REDD s’appuyant sur le marché (plutôt que sur un système de fonds) permettra vraisemblablement d’obtenir des ressources financières beaucoup plus importantes (en mobilisant directement le secteur privé), d’où un plus grand volume d’activités de REDD, une superficie accrue des zones forestières conservées, et par conséquent des avantages connexes plus importants en termes de biodiversité. Dans l’ensemble, un mécanisme de REDD bien conçu sera susceptible de procurer des avantages connexes substantiels sur le plan de la biodiversité, dans la mesure où le ralentissement de la déforestation et de la dégradation contribue nécessairement à freiner la destruction des habitats et par conséquent la perte de biodiversité. Toutefois, certains des aspects de la conception d’un mécanisme international de REDD peuvent présenter des risques potentiels pour la biodiversité, par exemple les activités de boisement et de reboisement qui aboutissent à des mono-plantations, aussi peut-il être nécessaire de prévoir des mesures de sauvegarde appropriées.
    DOI: 10.1787/218787172420
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    Money Laundering Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners and Tax Auditors (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264081093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The purpose of this handbook is to raise the awareness level of tax examiners and auditors on money laundering. It provides guidance in identifying money laundering during the conduct of normal tax audits. It also describes the resources and tools that are available for effective detection and deterrence. While the handbook does not detail criminal investigation methods, it does describe the nature and context of money laundering activities so that tax examiners and auditors can better understand how their contribution can assist criminal investigators in countering money laundering. Tax administrations can adapt the handbook to suit their particular circumstances and to take into account the varying roles that tax administrations have in relation to reporting unusual or suspicious transactions, receiving suspicious transaction reports and investigating money laundering offences. To aid this adaptation key areas of the handbook have been highlighted for “Country Specific Insertions”. While the aim of this handbook is to raise the awareness of tax examiners and tax auditors about the possible implications of transactions or activities related to money laundering and tax crimes, the handbook is not meant to replace domestic policies and procedures.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264081093-en
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  • 89
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    Cadre d'analyse coût-avantages pour l'évaluation des mesures non tarifaires s'appliquant aux échanges agroalimentaires (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. A Cost-Benefit Framework for the Assessment of Non-Tariff Measures in Agro-Food Trade
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente un cadre conceptuel pour l’évaluation des coûts et bénéfices associés aux mesures non tarifaires. Il permet une évaluation comparative basée sur les faits des diverses approches réglementaires.
    DOI: 10.1787/218778445444
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  • 90
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    Le secteur financier peut-il rester le principal moteur de la croissance au Luxembourg? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can the Financial Sector continue to be the Main Growth Engine in Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le secteur financier a été le principal moteur de l'économie au cours des deux dernières décennies. Les avantages comparatifs du Luxembourg en matière d'activités financières résident essentiellement dans le caractère évolutif de son cadre législatif et réglementaire ainsi que dans le faible niveau de sa fiscalité. En conséquence, le Luxembourg est aujourd'hui un des principaux centres internationaux pour les fonds d'investissement. Au-delà des effets directs et indirects de ce secteur d'activité sur l'emploi, sa retombée la plus importante est l'ampleur des recettes fiscales qu'il permet aux pouvoirs publics d'engranger, puisqu'il représente directement plus de 20 % de l'ensemble des rentrées d'impôts. Cela dit, ces recettes fiscales sont très fluctuantes, dans la mesure où ce secteur est extrêmement sensible à l'évolution des marchés de capitaux internationaux. De fait, les contractions intervenues par le passé sur ces marchés ont eu tendance à entraîner un net ralentissement de la croissance de l'économie luxembourgeoise ainsi que des revenus du secteur financier, ce qui laisse à penser que les risques associés aux turbulences financières internationales actuelles sont très substantiels. Au-delà de ces considérations à court terme, le taux de croissance tendanciel du secteur va probablement diminuer à moyen terme. Les principales activités du secteur sont les prestations d'administration financière correspondant aux services de suivi de marché et de postmarché, que les nouvelles technologies de l'information permettront de délocaliser de plus en plus. Par ailleurs, le secteur a des difficultés à attirer des spécialistes hautement qualifiés pour prendre pied dans le domaine plus rémunérateur des activités de service de clientèle. À plus long terme, la concurrence internationale continuera à exercer des pressions qui pourraient finir par remettre en cause la position du Luxembourg. L'ampleur du déclin de la croissance tendancielle du secteur financier dépendra de la capacité du Luxembourg à préserver et renforcer l'attrait qu'il exerce sur les investisseurs et les travailleurs. Pour ce faire, les autorités devront parvenir à adapter leurs politiques dans les domaines de la fiscalité, des infrastructures et du logement pour attirer des étrangers très compétents, tout en révisant la réglementation du secteur financier et en renforçant sa transparence.
    DOI: 10.1787/227614230400
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  • 91
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    OECD Biotechnology Statistics 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Biotechnology Statistics – 2009 edition brings together the latest available economic and activity data on biotechnology and innovation, collected by OECD member and non-member countries. The report builds on the extensive work of the OECD and national experts to improve the comparability of biotechnology statistics. The results should provide a valuable source of information on biotechnology for policy makers, academics and business managers. The 2009 edition contains government survey data for 22 OECD countries and additional data for four non-member countries. The survey data provide results on the number of biotechnology firms, business expenditures on R&D, biotechnology employment, and sales of biotechnology goods and services.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073937-en
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  • 92
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    Le point sur les coûts des échanges : Le transport maritime et son effet sur les échanges (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Clarifying Trade Costs: Maritime Transport and its Effect on Agricultural Trade
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Les coûts du transport maritime ont un effet significatif sur les échanges de biens agricoles. Ces coûts représentent une proportion élevée de la valeur des produits agricoles importés, 10% en moyenne, ce qui est un niveau similaire à celui des barrières douanières agricoles. Cette étude montre que le doublement du coût d’expédition est associé à une diminution de 42% en moyenne des échanges pour l’ensemble des biens agricoles. La tentation de se procurer les biens importés dans les pays à faibles coûts de transport est donc forte. Les échanges de certains produits sont particulièrement affectés par les évolutions des coûts de transport maritime, en particulier les céréales et les oléagineux qui sont expédiés en vrac. Le temps de transit a également un effet marqué sur le commerce : un jour supplémentaire passé en mer par rapport à un voyage d’une durée moyenne de 20 jours implique une diminution des échanges de 4,5% entre deux pays partenaires. Les coûts de transport et l’efficience pour amener les produits agricoles vers le marché de destination sont ainsi des facteurs explicatifs importants des flux commerciaux.
    DOI: 10.1787/218843212846
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  • 93
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    Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay : A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076228-en
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  • 94
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    Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats : A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076334-en
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  • 95
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    Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264061996
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Electricity production is responsible for 32% of total global fossil fuel use, accounting for 132 EJ, and 41%, or 10.9 Gt of energy-related CO2 emissions. Improving the efficiency of electricity production therefore offers economic benefits and a significant opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil fuels, which helps to combat climate change and improve energy security.A set of indicators has been developed to analyse the energy efficiency of electricity production from fossil fuels on a global level and for a number of key countries and regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264061996-en
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  • 96
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    Revue économique de l'OCDE : Volume 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264053656
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal; Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, Volume 2008
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Ce numero de la Revue économique de l'OCDE comprend des articles sur services assurés par les pouvoirs publics et distribution des ressources économiques des ménages, améliorer l’efficacité des dépenses de santé et les politiques structurelles.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264053656-fr
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  • 97
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    Les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060333
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales constituent le plus complet des instruments qui existent aujourd’hui concernant la responsabilité des entreprises et bénéficiant de l’appui des pouvoirs publics. Les gouvernements adhérents – représentant toutes les régions du monde et 85 pourcent de l’investissement direct étranger – se sont engagés à encourager les entreprises opérant sur leur territoire à respecter, partout où elles exercent leurs activités, un ensemble de principes et de normes largement reconnus qui visent à assurer de leur part un comportement responsable. Ce livret comprend le texte, les procédures de mise en œuvre et les commentaires adoptés en juin 2000, à l’occasion de la révision la plus récente des Principes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060333-fr
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  • 98
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    Comment réformer le système fiscal belge afin de renforcer l'expansion économique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. How to Reform the Belgian Tax System to Enhance Economic Growth
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Les éléments constitutifs du système fiscal belge influe sur le processus de croissance par des canaux différents et à des degrés divers. Les impôts sur la consommation sont parmi ceux qui faussent le moins la croissance et il est tout à fait possible, en Belgique, d’exploiter davantage cette source de recettes fiscales. La taxation différenciée des instruments d’épargne fausse les décisions d’investissement, entravant le redéploiement des capitaux vers leur emploi le plus productif. Cependant, les impôts qui occasionnent le plus de distorsions sont ceux qui frappent le revenu du travail, en raison de leur impact sur les décisions des travailleurs en matière d'emploi. Conscientes de cela, les autorités belges ont cherché à alléger la fiscalité du travail. Cette dernière demeure cependant lourde en comparaison des autres pays, en raison de nombreuses exonérations, qui réduisent les bases d’imposition et nécessitent donc, pour compenser, des taux d’impôt plus élevés. Afin d’améliorer les perspectives des différents groupes sur le marché du travail, on a eu recours largement à des subventions salariales et des réductions de cotisations de sécurité sociale, créant ainsi un système complexe, souvent mal ciblé et visant parfois des objectifs contradictoires. En fin de compte, l’interaction entre l’impôt sur le revenu des personnes physiques, les cotisations de sécurité sociale et le généreux système de prestations a créé une multitude de pièges du marché du travail qui brident l’emploi. Les nouvelles réformes fiscales sont limitées par les problèmes importants et grandissants de viabilité des finances publiques, ce qui signifie que, à moins de procéder à de fortes compressions de dépenses, ces réformes devront s’autofinancer. Pour ce faire, il faut déplacer la charge fiscale vers les sources qui créent le moins de distorsions et élargir les bases d’imposition afin de pouvoir appliquer des taux plus bas. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la Belgique, 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/belgique).
    DOI: 10.1787/218613767672
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  • 99
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    Empowering Variable Renewables Options for Flexible Electricity Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077201
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: A number of renewable electricity technologies, such as wind, wave, tidal, solar, and run-of-river hydro share a characteristic that distinguishes them from conventional power plants: their output varies according to the availability of the resource. This is commonly perceived to be challenging at high shares, but there is no intrinsic, technical ceiling to variable renewables’ potential. Variability has to be looked at in the context of power system flexibility: if a power system is sufficiently flexible, in terms of power production, load management, interconnection and storage, the importance of the variability aspect is reduced.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077201-en
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  • 100
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    The Control and Management of Government Expenditure (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076822
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Public expenditure control has become a central element of economic policy in many countries. This report analyses budget practices and some recent innovations from the point of view of senior public servants in the central budget offices of nineteen OECD Member countries. It also summarises the institutional framework and procedures governing budgeting in each of these countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076822-en
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