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  • World Bank  (223)
  • Wodon, Quentin  (11)
  • Poverty  (138)
  • Infrastructure (Economics)  (63)
  • Poor  (37)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9781464802911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (68 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Commitment to equity ; Equity ; Fiscal policy ; Human opportunity index ; Inequality ; Poverty ; Shared prosperity
    Abstract: In 2012, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region continued its successful drive to reduce poverty and build the middle class. Poverty reduction was accompanied by strong income growth of the bottom 40 percent of the population, the World Bank's indicator of shared prosperity. However, the recent economic slowdown and stagnation in inequality decline suggest that future social gains may be more difficult to achieve. Given the modest prospects ahead, the region's poverty reduction strategy needs to focus on restoring growth and preserving macroeconomic stability, while reinforcing the ability of less advantaged groups to participate in and contribute to growth. This report assesses two relevant policy areas: equity of fiscal policy and equal access to basic goods and services for children that open the opportunity for them to lead lives of their choosing. Drawing on results from the Commitment to Equity project, the report shows that fiscal policy remains an underused instrument in terms of level and incidence of taxation and spending. The Human Opportunity Index underscores that opportunities are expanding for children in the region, but large gaps remain in access and quality
    Note: Description based on print version record
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (164 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; GDP ; Gender ; GNI ; Growth ; Income classification ; Infrastructure ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Malnutrition ; MDGs ; Population ; Poverty ; Trade
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2015 provides a compilation of relevant, highquality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor progress toward the World Bank Group's two goals of ending poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Six themes are used to organize indicators-world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World Development Indicators reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. WDI 2015 includes: * A selection of the most popular indicators across 214 economies and 14 country groups organized into six WDI themes * Thematic and regional highlights, providing an overview of global development trends * An in-depth review of the progress made toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals * A user guide describing resources available online and on mobile apps A complementary online data analysis tool is available this year to allow readers to further investigate global, regional, and country progress on the MDGs: data.worldbank.org/mdgs. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology. WDI DataFinder Mobile App Download the WDI DataFinder Mobile App and other Data Apps at data.worldbank.org/apps. WDI DataFinder is a mobile app for browsing the current WDI database on smartphones and tablets, using iOS, Android, and Blackberry, available in four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Chinese. Use the app to: * browse data using the structure of the WDI * visually compare countries and indicators * create, edit, and save customized tables, charts, and maps * share what you create on Twitter, Facebook, and via email
    Note: Description based on print version record
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  • 3
    ISBN: 9781464801990
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank studies
    DDC: 305.50962
    Keywords: Equality ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781464802270 , 9781464802287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.609676
    Keywords: East African Community Economic policy ; East African Community Economic policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation ; East African Community ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Part A:The status of PPP frameworks and portfolios in the EAC.BackgroundPartner state PPP frameworksPartner state portfoliosCurrent status of capital marketsExisting capacities and activities of EAC.Part B:Lessons learned from regional project case studies.Summary of country case studiesKey questions and lessons in defining a role for RECs.Part C:Regional PPP policy framework issues.Key considerations for a regional PPP policyEAC regional PPP policy: key areas of priority and optionsEAC regional PPP resource center: issues and optionsPPP financing: issues and optionsConclusion--key elements of a strategic business planKey criteria for a strategic business planEstablishing measurable policy outcomesCreation of a task forceBudgetary requirements.Annex 1:PPP country framework templatesAnnex 2:PPP portfolios in EAC partner statesAnnex 3:Rift Valley Railway caseAnnex 4: Johannesburg to Maputo N4 Toll Road caseAnnex 5:West African Gas Pipeline caseAnnex 6:EADB--preliminary institutional assessment (as of October 2011).
    Note: "December 2013 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800221
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: South Asia Development Matters
    DDC: 339.4/60954
    Keywords: Equality ; Poverty ; Equality ; Poverty ; Equality ; Poverty ; South Asia ; South Asia ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Social conditions ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9781464802416
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 339.4/6098090511
    Keywords: Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9780821389270 , 9780821389287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Mikrofinanzierung ; Kreditmarkt
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9780821388655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.1/216
    Keywords: City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters Economic aspects ; Emergency management ; Infrastructure (Economics) Planning ; Regional planning ; Urban policy ; City planning ; Disasters ; Emergency management ; Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Regional planning ; Planning ; Urban policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9780821399064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 185 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Human development perspectives
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Health Behavior ; Health Status Indicators ; Poverty ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Social Problems ; Developing Countries ; Health Behavior ; Health Status Indicators ; Poverty ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Social Problems
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview of prevalence and trends of risky behaviors by region in the developing worldDeterminants of risky behavior -- The consequences of risky behavior -- Targeting risky behaviors using non-price interventions/legislation, information and education -- Using economic mechanisms to reduce risky behaviors : tax policy and other incentives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821389683 , 9780821394618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 361.6
    Keywords: Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty Government policy ; Public works ; Economic development projects ; Poverty ; Public works ; Government policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.67/22
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sustainable development
    Description / Table of Contents: Rationale for green infrastructure finance frameworkEconomic rationale of green investments -- Conceptual methodology for assessing and allocating risks -- Assessment of green investment climate in eap countries -- Conclusion and next steps -- Annex 1: Green investment climate matrix -- Annex 2: Bibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9780821395646 , 9780821395653
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    DDC: 305.2310951
    Keywords: Child development ; Child welfare ; Children Social conditions ; Children ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9780821389409 , 9780821394601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poor ; Social aspects ; Social aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9780821396049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/13091724
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households ; Poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821385623 , 9780821385630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 88 p) , ill. (some col.) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/609567
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Iraq ; Iraq Economic conditions ; Iraq Economic conditions
    Note: "Poverty Reduction Strategy High Committee Government of Iraq , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9780821387818 , 9780821388204
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xii, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 658.15224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Background: Current status of PPP markets in selected countries. This reportSources of financing: Sources of local financing for PPP projects. Local commercial banks. Pension funds. Insurance funds. Local capital market -- Sources of international financing for PPP projects: International commercial banks. Private infrastructure funds. Donor infrastructure funds. Sovereign wealth funds and other public entities -- The legislative and institutional framework -- A well-structured PPP pipeline -- Risk allocation and fiscal management of PPPs -- Medium-term options for PPP financing: Tackling high upfront capital costs. Longer-term local debt financing. Risk mitigation guarantee products. PPP market failures deriving from country size and cross-border infrastructure financing constraints -- Recommendations: Developing long-term financing for infrastructure. Strengthening other aspects of a strong enabling environment.
    Note: "This report was produced at the request of the Government of Ghana (GOG) under the leadership of the Project Finance and Analysis (PFA) Unit of the Public Investment Department (PID) of the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MOFEP) and with support from the World Bank and Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF)"--Acknowledgements , Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821369539 , 0821369547 , 9780821369531 , 9780821369548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 498 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Development economics ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Development economics ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Development economics ; Economic development
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 12HealthMacroeconomics and HealthHealth and Economic GrowthMacroeconomic Policy and HealthBeyond GDPInvesting in HealthGlobal Health InitiativesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 13Labor MarketsLabor-Friendly Economic GrowthLabor Markets in Developing CountriesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 14Land and AgricultureLand Distribution in Poor CountriesLand Inequality and Rural PovertyLand Inequality and Economic DevelopmentThe Role of Government in Land MarketsThe Role of Agriculture in Reducing Rural PovertyConclusionNotesBibliographych. 15Technology, Entrepreneurship, and ProductivityTotal Factor ProductivitySpending on Research and DevelopmentTechnology Diffusion and AdoptionInformation and Communication TechnologyAre Entrepreneurship and Growth Linked?Entrepreneurial Activity arid GrowthPolicy ImplicationsConclusionNotesBibliography
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 16Urbanization and GrowthTrends in UrbanizationUrbanization and GrowthUrbanization and PovertyKey Issues in UrbanizationConclusionNotesBibliographych. 17Corruption and PovertyDetection and Measurement of CorruptionAnalytical Framework for the Study of CorruptionCauses of CorruptionCosts and Benefits of CorruptionImpact of Corruption on Economic PerformancePersistence of CorruptionConclusionNoteBibliographych. 18Regulation and Economic GrowthProduct-Market RegulationLabor RegulationRegulation and the Private SectorFinancial RegulationPolicy Lessons from the Recent CrisisRegulation and Reform of the Infrastructure SectorImpact of Regulation on Growth and InformalityConclusionNotesBibliographych. 19Shocks, Volatility, and GrowthAvoiding Economic DownturnsInterdependence of North and SouthThe Synchronized Movement of Developed and Developing Countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 4Government and the EconomyFocus on Fiscal Policy -- The Role of Government in the EconomyFiscal Policy: Taxing and SpendingThe Uses of Fiscal PolicyConclusionNoteBibliographych. 5Monetary Policy, Inflation, and Exchange RatesDefinitions and ConceptsInflationInflation and Economic GrowthInflation and the PoorExchange-Rate PolicyConclusionNotesBibliographych. 6Financial DevelopmentFinancial Development and Economic GrowthFour Decades of Financial Sector Reform in Developing CountriesFinancial Development and Poverty ReductionWidening Access to Financial ServicesMicrofinance and the PoorEmigrant RemittancesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 7Development AssistanceAid Sources and TrendsAid in the Context of Overall Capital FlowsDoes Aid Spur Economic Growth?Ensuring That More Aid Means More Growth
    Description / Table of Contents: International Initiatives to Improve the Effectiveness of AidConclusionAnnex The Five Principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid EffectivenessNotesBibliographych. 8External DebtMeasures of External IndebtednessExternal Indebtedness, Growth, and PovertyDebt Relief and Low-Income CountriesDebt Relief versus Development AssistanceConclusionNotesBibliographych. 9Trade PolicyThe Rationale for TradeTrade BarriersTrade and Economic GrowthTrade, Inequality, and the PoorConclusionBibliographypt. IIIFactor Accumulation and Structural Policych. 10Institutions and GrowthMeasures of Institutional QualityInstitutions and Economic GrowthSocial Capital and CultureConclusionNotesBibliographych. 11EducationEducation, Growth, and Poverty ReductionGlobal Education InitiativesDevelopment Assistance for EducationWhat Do We Know about Educational Policy?ConclusionNotesBibliography
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:pt. IPoverty, National Income, and Economic Growthch. 1Poverty and How We Measure ItPoverty and Well-BeingMeasuring PovertyCollecting DataHousehold Surveys and National AccountsConclusionNoteBibliographych. 2National Income and How We Measure ItMacroeconomic SectorsMacroeconomic ConceptsDetermining Gross Domestic ProductThe Business CycleThe Balance of PaymentsSome Basic Accounting RelationshipsConclusionNotesBibliographych. 3Growth, Poverty, and Inequality: An OverviewGrowth Theory, Then and NowInstitutions and Modern Growth TheoryEconomic Growth and Poverty ReductionVariations in Poverty Responses to GrowthPro-Poor GrowthConclusionNoteBibliographypt. IIGovernment Policy, Growth, and the Poor
    Description / Table of Contents: The Complexity of North-South LinksMonetary Policies and Capital FlowsNorth-South Capital FlowsGlobalization, Volatility, and GrowthThe Financial Crisis of 2008 and Global GrowthGrowth BoomsThe Microeconomic Foundations of GrowthConclusionNotesBibliographych. 20The Politics of Growth and PovertyPolitical Power and Economic InstitutionsEconomic Origins of Political RegimesDo Democratic Countries Grow Faster than Dictatorships?The Interplay of Politics and EconomicsConclusionNotesBibliographych. 21Climate Change and the Wealth of NationsNational Wealth and Genuine SavingConsumption Saving, and a Counterfactual to the Hartwick RuleHow Does Natural Capital Affect Well-Being?High Carbon, High GrowthMitigation of and Adaptation to Climate ChangeConclusionAnnex Empirical Evidence of the Causes of GrowthNotesBibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9780821387030 , 9780821387047
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 124 p) , col. ill , 24 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.94
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9780821378632 , 9780821385524
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 179 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 352.2/9
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public works ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Finance ; Finance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170) and index
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821386891 , 0821387286 , 9780821386897 , 9780821387283
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 270 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/60954
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; India ; India ; India Economic conditions ; India Social conditions ; India Economic conditions ; India Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821381881 , 082138189X , 9780821381885 , 9780821381892
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 175 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.9109172/4
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services Finance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Municipal finance ; Municipal services
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164) and index
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  • 23
    ISBN: 0821384368 , 0821384376 , 9780821384367 , 9780821384374
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 154 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 325.086/942
    Keywords: Poverty Case studies ; Poverty Case studies ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Case studies Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy ; Developing countries Case studies Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries Emigration and immigration ; Government policy
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewPatterns of migration in Tanzania / Kathleen Beegle, Joachim De Weerdt, Stefan Dercon -- Work-related migration and poverty reduction in Nepal / Michael Lokshin, Mikhail Bontch-Osmolovski, Elena Glinskaya -- The evolution of Albanian migration and its role in poverty reduction / Carlo Azzarri ... [et al.] -- Migration choices, inequality of opportunities and poverty reduction in Nicaragua / Edmundo Murrugarra, Catalina Herrera -- How can developing country governments facilitate international migration for poverty reduction? / John Gibson, David McKenzie.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821383051 , 9780821383056
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxx, 122 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: IEG study series
    DDC: 362.5/7
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic assistance Evaluation ; Poverty ; Economic assistance ; Economic assistance Evaluation ; Poverty ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic assistance ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-122) , This report was conducted under the overall direction of Vinod Thomas ... [et al.]--Acknowledgements
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4923
    Parallel Title: Khandker, Shahidur R Poverty and income seasonality in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Income ; Poverty ; Income ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Seasonal poverty in Bangladesh, locally known as monga, refers to seasonal deprivation of food during the pre-harvest season of Aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that average household income and consumption are much lower during monga season than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. However, lack of income and consumption smoothing is more acute in greater Rangpur, the North West region, than in other regions, causing widespread seasonal deprivation. The analysis shows that agricultural income diversification accompanied by better access to micro-credit, irrigation, education, electrification, social safety net programs, and dynamic labor markets has helped reduce seasonality in income and poverty in regions other than Rangpur in the recent past. Hence, government policies should promote income diversification through infrastructure investments and provide income transfers to the targeted poor to contain income seasonality and poverty in this impoverished part of Bangladesh. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 26
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4858
    Parallel Title: Lanjouw, Peter Poverty decline, agricultural wages, and non-farm employment in rural India
    Keywords: Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor ; Agricultural laborers ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Poverty ; Rural poor
    Abstract: "The authors analyze five rounds of National Sample Survey data covering 1983, 1987/8, 1993/4, 1999/0, and 2004/5 to explore the relationship between rural diversification and poverty. Poverty in rural India declined at a modest rate during this period. The authors provide region-level estimates that illustrate considerable geographic heterogeneity in this progress. Poverty estimates correlate well with region-level data on changes in agricultural wage rates. Agricultural labor remains the preserve of the uneducated and also to a large extent of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Although agricultural labor grew as a share of total economic activity over the first four rounds, it had fallen back to the levels observed at the beginning of the survey period by 2004. This all-India trajectory masks widely varying trends across states. During this period, the rural non-farm sector grew modestly, mainly between the last two survey rounds. Regular non-farm employment remains largely associated with education levels and social status that are rare among the poor. However, casual labor and self-employment in the non-farm sector reveal greater involvement by disadvantaged groups in 2004 than in the preceding rounds. The implication for poverty is not immediately clear - the poor may be pushed into low-return casual non-farm activities due to lack of opportunities in the agricultural sector rather than being pulled by high returns offered by the non-farm sector. Econometric estimates reveal that expansion of the non-farm sector is associated with falling poverty via two routes: a direct impact on poverty that is likely due to a pro-poor marginal incidence of non-farm employment expansion; and an indirect impact attributable to the positive effect of non-farm employment growth on agricultural wages. The analysis also confirms the important contribution to rural poverty reduction from agricultural productivity, availability of land, and consumption levels in proximate urban areas. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 27
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4878
    Parallel Title: Irving, Jacqueline Local sources of financing for infrastructure in Africa
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Financial institutions ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "With the exception of South Africa, local financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa remain underdeveloped and small, with a particular dearth of financing with maturity terms commensurate with the medium- to long-term horizons of infrastructure projects. But as financial market reforms gather momentum, there is growing awareness of the need to tap local and regional sources. Drawing on a comprehensive new database constructed for the purpose of this research, the paper assesses the actual and potential role of local financial systems for 24 African countries in financing infrastructure. The paper concludes that further development and more appropriate regulation of local institutional investors would help them realize their potential as financing sources, for which they are better suited than local banks because their liabilities would better match the longer terms of infrastructure projects. There are clear signs of positive change: private pension providers are emerging in Africa, there is a shift from defined benefit toward defined contribution plans, and African institutional investors have begun taking a more diversified portfolio approach in asset allocation. Although capital markets remain underdeveloped, new issuers in infrastructure sectors-particularly of corporate bonds-are coming to market in several countries, in some cases constituting the debut issue. More than half of the corporate bonds listed at end-2006 on these countries' markets were by companies in infrastructure sectors. More cross-border listings and investment within the region-in both corporate bonds and equity issues-including by local institutional investors, could help overcome local capital markets' impediments and may hold significant promise for financing cross-country infrastructure projects. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4912
    Parallel Title: Yepes, Tito Making sense of Africa's infrastructure endowment
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper's objective is to explain factors underlying Africa's weak infrastructure endowment and to identify suitable infrastructure goals for the region based on benchmarking against international peers. The authors use a dataset covering the stocks of key infrastructure-including information and communication technology (ICT), power, roads, and water-across 155 developing countries over the period 1960 to 2005. The paper also examines subregional differences within Africa. They make use of regression techniques to control for a comprehensive set of economic, demographic, geographic, and historic conditioning factors, as well as adjusting for potential endogeneities. Results show that Africa lags behind all other regions of the developing world in its infrastructure endowment, except in ICT. By far the largest gaps arise in the power sector, with generating capacity and household access to electricity at half the levels observed in South Asia. While it is often assumed that Africa's infrastructure deficit is largely a reflection of its relatively low income levels, the authors find that African countries have much more limited infrastructure than income peers in other parts of the developing world. Countries that face the most challenging environment, with low population density, weak governance, and history of conflict, have the poorest infrastructure endowments. At the outset of the data series, Africa was doing significantly better than other developing regions for road density, generation capacity, and fixed-line telephones, but Africa's relative position has deteriorated over time. The most dramatic loss of ground has come in electrical generating capacity, which has stagnated since 1980. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : Agence Française de Développement
    ISBN: 0821380419 , 0821380834 , 9780821380413 , 9780821380833
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 355 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum
    DDC: 363.6096
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Description / Table of Contents: Africa's infrastructure : a time for transformationThe Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic -- Meeting Africa's infrastructure needs -- Closing Africa's funding gap -- Dealing with poverty and inequality -- Building sound institutions -- Facilitating urbanization -- Deepening regional integration -- Information and communication technologies : a boost for growth -- Power : catching up -- Transport : more than the sum of its parts -- Roads : broadening the agenda -- Railways : looking for traffic -- Ports and shipping : landlords needed -- Airports and air transport : the sky's the limit -- Water resources : a common interest -- Irrigation : tapping potential -- Water supply : hitting the target? -- Sanitation : moving up the ladder.
    Note: "Presents the findings of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD)"--P. [4] of cover , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4844
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Weakly relative poverty
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Prevailing measures of relative poverty put an implausibly high weight on relative deprivation, such that measured poverty does not fall when all incomes grow at the same rate. This stems from the (implicit) assumption in past measures that very poor people incur a negligible cost of social inclusion. That assumption is inconsistent with evidence on the social roles of certain private expenditures in poor settings and with data on national poverty lines. The authors propose a new schedule of "weakly relative" lines that relax this assumption and estimate the implied poverty measures for 116 developing countries. The authors find that there is more relative poverty than past estimates have suggested. In 2005, one half of the population of the developing world lived in relative poverty, half of whom were absolutely poor. The total number of relatively poor rose over 1981-2005, despite falling numbers of absolutely poor. With sustained economic growth, the incidence of relative poverty becomes less responsive to further growth. Slower progress against relative poverty can thus be seen as the "other side of the coin" to success against absolute poverty. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4854
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio (Un)bundling infrastructure procurement
    Keywords: Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply ; Government purchasing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Sanitation ; Water-supply
    Abstract: "Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is partly because of high technical complexity and partly because of auction design flaws. The division of lot contracts is an important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions and size of contracts. Larger works could benefit from economies of scale and scope, but large contracts might undermine competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows that bidder entry is crucially endogenous, especially because it is determined by the auctioneer's bundling and unbundling strategy. If water treatment plant and distribution network works are bundled in a single lot package, competition would be significantly reduced, and this adverse entry effect would in turn raise the public procurement costs of infrastructure. There is no evidence of positive scope economies in the bidder cost structure. It is important to account for the underlying cost structure for designing efficient auction mechanisms. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4880
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Trends in household coverage of modern infrastructure services in Africa
    Keywords: Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Household surveys ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "Household surveys have long been used to estimate poverty and inequality trends, as well as trends in education and health indicators, but they have not been used to the same extent to assess trends in the access to or coverage of modern infrastructure services. In this paper, we use Demographic and Health Surveys from a larger sample of sub-Saharan African countries in order to collect comparable information across countries on coverage of piped water, flush toilets, electricity, and landline telephones over time. The results suggest that coverage rates for electricity, flush toilets have improved slightly over the last decade. Coverage of piped water has declined, at the same time as coverage of landline (as well as cellular) telephone has increased rapidly. The decline has been primarily in the urban areas while the infrastructure coverage has either increased or remained stable in rural Africa. For all four services, among the poorest households coverage remains virtually inexistent. If business as usual continues, it would take a very long time to reach universal or widely shared coverage even in countries where coverage has improved. These results point to the need to increase efforts by governments and international community to progressively increase access to modern infrastructure services in Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4887
    Parallel Title: De Hoyos, Rafael E Poverty effects of higher food prices
    Keywords: Food prices ; Poverty ; Food prices ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The spike in food prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 has highlighted the vulnerabilities of poor consumers to higher prices of agricultural goods and generated calls for massive policy action. This paper provides a formal assessment of the direct and indirect impacts of higher prices on global poverty using a representative sample of 63 to 93 percent of the population of the developing world. To assess the direct effects, the paper uses domestic food consumer price data between January 2005 and December 2007--when the relative price of food rose by an average of 5.6 percent --to find that the implied increase in the extreme poverty headcount at the global level is 1.7 percentage points, with significant regional variation. To take the second-order effects into account, the paper links household survey data with a global general equilibrium model, finding that a 5.5 percent increase in agricultural prices (due to rising demand for first-generation biofuels) could raise global poverty in 2010 by 0.6 percentage points at the extreme poverty line and 0.9 percentage points at the moderate poverty line. Poverty increases at the regional level vary substantially, with nearly all of the increase in extreme poverty occurring in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4914
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Infrastructure and growth in Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth in African countries. Based on econometric estimates for a sample of 136 countries from 1960-2005, the authors evaluate the impact on per capita growth of faster accumulation of infrastructure stocks and of enhancement in the quality of infrastructure services for 39 African countries in three key infrastructure sectors: telecommunications, electricity, and roads. Using an econometric technique suitable for dynamic panel data models and likely endogenous regressors, the authors find that infrastructure stocks and service quality boost economic growth. The growth payoff of reaching the infrastructure development of the African leader (Mauritius) is 1.1 percent of GDP per year in North Africa and 2.3 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with most of the contribution coming from more, rather than better, infrastructure. Across Africa, infrastructure contributed 99 basis points to per capita economic growth, versus 68 points for other structural policies. Most of the contribution came from increases in stocks (89 basis points), versus quality improvements (10 basis points). The findings show that growth is positively affected by the volume of infrastructure stocks and the quality of infrastructure services; simulations show that our empirical findings are significant statistically and economically. Identifying areas of opportunity to generate productivity growth, the authors find that African countries are likely to gain more from larger stocks of infrastructure than from enhancements in the quality of existing infrastructure. The payoffs are largest for telephone density, electricity-generating capacity, road-network length, and road quality. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821376489 , 0821376543 , 9780821376485 , 9780821376546
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xviii, 236 pages) , illustrations , 28 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 332.1/532091724
    Keywords: World Bank ; Economic assistance Social aspects ; Poverty ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374443 , 9780821377406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 308 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1/042
    Keywords: Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Equality ; Health services accessibility ; Health aspects ; Poor ; World health ; Medical care ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cross-cultural studies ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: An unacceptable realityApproaching a complex and persistent problem -- The importance of "listening" -- A menu of pro-poor policies -- Brazil, filling the cracks in universal coverage -- Cambodia: contracting with nongovernmental organizations to serve the poor -- Cambodia: health equity fund for the poor -- Chile: integrated services program for the poor -- Colombia: expanding health insurance for the poor -- India: community-based health care services -- Indonesia: health cards for the poor -- Kenya: expanding immunization reach through campaigns -- The Kyrgyz Republic: health financing reform and the poor -- Mexico: paying the poor to use health services -- Mexico: providing subsidized health insurance to the poor -- Nepal: participatory planning -- Rwanda: community-based health insurance -- Tanzania: social marketing for malaria prevention -- Vigilance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-294) and index
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank | [Tunisia] : Infrastructure Consortium for Africa | [Washington, D.C.] : Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
    ISBN: 0821377302 , 0821377310 , 9780821377307 , 9780821377314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 111 pages) , color illustrations , 23 cm
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 658.15/224
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments, Foreign ; Public works Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104) and index
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  • 38
    ISBN: 082137074X , 082137219X , 0821372203 , 9780821370742 , 9780821372197 , 9780821372203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 133 Seiten) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Countries and regions
    Uniform Title: Exclusão social e mobilidade no Brasil. 〈engl.〉
    DDC: 305.5/690981
    Keywords: Marginality, Social ; Poverty ; Social mobility ; Brazil / Social conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-127) and index
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780821374092 , 9780821374108
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 351 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 363.6098
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities Finance ; Public utilities Finance ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Public utilities ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Setting the stage -- Learning from the existing literature -- Filling the gaps with new datasets and methodologies -- The impact on electricity distribution -- The impact on fixed line telecommunications -- The impact on water and sewerage -- An assessment of the electricity distribution performance of private and public utilities -- Determinants of impact: regulatory and contract variables -- Conclusions and moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-328) and index
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4703
    Parallel Title: Chen, Shaohua The developing world is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in the fight against poverty
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The paper presents a major overhaul to the World Bank's past estimates of global poverty, incorporating new and better data. Extreme poverty-as judged by what "poverty" means in the world's poorest countries-is found to be more pervasive than we thought. Yet the data also provide robust evidence of continually declining poverty incidence and depth since the early 1980s. For 2005 we estimate that 1.4 billion people, or one quarter of the population of the developing world, lived below our international line of
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4712
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Infrastructure and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "An adequate supply of infrastructure services has long been viewed by both academics and policy makers as a key ingredient for economic development. Sub-Saharan Africa ranks consistently at the bottom of all developing regions in terms of infrastructure performance, and an increasing number of observers point to deficient infrastructure as a major obstacle for growth and poverty reduction across the region. This paper offers an empirical assessment of the impact of infrastructure development on growth and inequality, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper uses a comparative cross-regional perspective to place Africa's experience in the international context. Drawing from an updated data set of infrastructure quantity and quality indicators covering more than 100 countries and spanning the years 1960-2005, the paper estimates empirical growth and inequality equations including a standard set of control variables augmented by infrastructure quantity and quality measures, and controlling for the potential endogeneity of the latter. The estimates illustrate the potential contribution of infrastructure development to growth and equity across Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/18/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4736
    Parallel Title: Ahmed, Sadiq Making regional cooperation work for South Asia's poor
    DDC: 360
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic integration ; South Asia Economic conditions ; South Asia Economic integration
    Abstract: "South Asia has attracted global attention because it has experienced rapid GDP growth over the last two decades. What is not so well known is that South Asia is the least integrated region in the world. South Asia has opened its door to the rest of the world but it remains closed to its neighbors. Poor market integration, weak connectivity, and a history of friction and conflict have resulted in two South Asias. The first South Asia is dynamic, growing rapidly, highly urbanized, and is benefiting from global integration. The second South Asia is rural, land locked, full of poverty, and lagging. The divergence between the two South Asias is on the rise. Policy makers in South Asia have realized that countries and regions can not grow in isolation. The unique geography of South Asia-distance and density--has the potential to raise growth through increased flow of labor, capital, ideas, technology, goods and services within the region and with the rest of the world. Most lagging regions, in terms of both per capita income and poverty incidence, in South Asia are either land-locked or located in the border areas. Regional cooperation and market integration will unlock the development of these lagging regions in South Asia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4744
    Parallel Title: Joseph, George Assessing the potential impact on poverty of rising cereals prices
    Keywords: Grain Prices ; Poverty ; Grain Prices ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Concerns have been raised about the impact of rising food prices worldwide on the poor. To assess the (short term) impact of rising food prices in any particular country it is necessary to look at both the impact on food producers (who benefit from an increase in prices) and food consumers (who loose out when the price increases), with a focus on poor producers and consumers. In Mali the impact of a change in the price of rice is not ambiguous because about half of the rice consumed in the country is imported, so that the negative impact for consumers is much larger than the positive impact for producers. By contrast, for millet and sorghum, as well as corn, the impact is more ambiguous since much of the consumption is locally produced. Using a recent and comprehensive household survey, this paper provides an assessment of the potential impact of higher food prices on the poor in Mali using both simple statistical analysis and non-parametric methods. The paper finds that rising food prices for rice, millet and sorghum, corn, as well as wheat and bread could together lead to a substantial increase in poverty, with the increase in the price of rice having by far the largest negative impact. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4740
    Parallel Title: Wodon, Quentin Assessing the potential impact on poverty of rising cereals prices
    Keywords: Grain Prices ; Poverty ; Grain Prices ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Concerns have been raised about the impact of rising food prices worldwide on the poor. To assess the (short term) impact of rising food prices in any particular country it is necessary to look at both the impact on food producers (who benefit from an increase in prices) and food consumers (who loose out when the price increases), with a focus on poor producers and consumers. In Ghana, the impact of a change in the price of rice is not ambiguous because a large share of the rice consumed is imported, so that the negative impact for consumers is much larger than the positive impact for producers. For maize by contrast, the impact is ambiguous since much of the consumption is locally produced. Using a recent and comprehensive household survey, this paper provides an assessment of the potential impact of higher food prices on the poor in Ghana using both simple statistical analysis and non-parametric methods. The paper finds that rising food prices for rice, maize, and other cereals would together lead to an increase in poverty, but that by contrast to a number of other countries, this increase, while not negligible, may not be as large as feared. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4742
    Parallel Title: Tsimpo, Clarence Rice prices and poverty in Liberia
    Keywords: Poverty ; Rice Prices ; Poverty ; Rice Prices
    Abstract: "When assessing the impact of changes in food prices on poverty, it is important to consider food producers (who may benefit from an increase in prices) as well as consumers (who loose out when the price increases), with a focus on poor consumers and producers. In the case of rice in Liberia however, the impact of a change in price is not ambiguous because a large share of the rice consumed is imported, while the rice locally produced is used mostly for auto-consumption. An increase in the price of rice will result in higher poverty in the country as a whole (even if some local producers will gain from this increase), while a reduction in price will reduce poverty. Furthermore, because rice represents a large share of food consumption, any change in its price is likely to have a large impact on poverty. Using data from the 2007 CWIQ survey, the paper finds that an increase or decrease of 20 percent in the price of rice could lead to an increase or decrease of three to four percentage points in the share of the population in poverty. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4789
    Parallel Title: De Hoyos, Rafael E Can maquila booms reduce poverty?
    Keywords: Offshore assembly industry ; Poverty ; Women Employment ; Offshore assembly industry ; Poverty ; Women Employment
    Abstract: "This paper identifies and estimates the strength of the reduction in poverty linked to improved opportunities for women in the expanding maquila sector. A simulation exercise shows that, at a given point in time, poverty in Honduras would have been 1.5 percentage points higher had the maquila sector not existed. Of this increase in poverty, 0.35 percentage points is attributable to the wage premium paid to maquila workers, 0.1 percentage points to the wage premium received by women in the maquila sector, and 1 percentage point to employment creation. Given that female maquila workers represent only 1.1 percent of the active population in Honduras, this contribution to poverty reduction is significant. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4739
    Parallel Title: Nouve, Kofi Impact of rising rice prices and policy responses in Mali
    Keywords: Poverty ; Rice Prices ; Poverty ; Rice Prices ; Mali Economic conditions ; Mali Economic conditions
    Abstract: "The increase in the international price of rice is likely to have substantial negative impacts on the poor in countries such as Mali which are net importers of rice. This paper relies on a dynamic CGE model to estimate the likely impact of the recent increase in rice prices on poverty with and without policy responses. Two sets of policy responses are considered: import tax cuts on rice and measures to increase productivity of domestic rice production. The results suggest that an increase in productivity would have a much larger positive impact than a reduction in taxes. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4743
    Parallel Title: Coulombe, Harold Assessing the geographic impact of higher food prices in Guinea
    Keywords: Food prices ; Poverty ; Food prices ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Telling a policy maker that poverty will increase due to the recent increase in food prices is not very useful; telling the policy makers where the impact is likely to be larger is better, so that measures to cope with the impact of the crisis can be targeted to areas that need them the most. This paper shows how to use poverty mapping techniques to assess where higher food prices are likely to hurt the most using Guinea census and survey data as a case study. The results suggest that in the case of a rice price increase, the poorest areas of the country will not be the hardest hit, especially if the potential positive impact of higher food prices on rice producers is taken into account, in which case poverty may decline in some of these areas even if for the country as a whole poverty will increase significantly due to the large share of rice in the household consumption budget. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4745
    Parallel Title: Available in another form Potential impact of higher food prices on poverty
    Keywords: Food prices ; Food supply ; Poverty ; Food prices ; Food supply ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Concerns have been raised about the impact of rising food prices worldwide on the poor. To assess the impact of rising food prices in any particular country it is necessary to look at both the impact on food producers who are poor or near-poor and could benefit from an increase in prices and food consumers who are poor or near-poor and would loose out when the price increases. In most West and Central African countries, the sign (positive or negative) of the impact is not ambiguous because a substantial share of food consumption is imported, so that the negative impact for consumers is larger than the positive impact for net sellers of locally produced foods. Yet even if the sign of the impact is clear, its magnitude is not. Using a set of recent and comprehensive household surveys, this paper summarizes findings from an assessment of the potential impact of higher food prices on the poor in a dozen countries. Rising food prices for rice, wheat, maize, and other cereals as well as for milk, sugar and vegetable oils could lead to a substantial increase in poverty in many of the countries. At the same time, the data suggest that the magnitude of the increase in poverty between different countries is likely to be different. Finally, the data suggest that a large share of the increase in poverty will consist of deeper levels of poverty among households who are already poor, even if there will also be a larger number of poor households in the various countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 50
    ISBN: 082137074X , 082137219X , 0821372203 , 9780821370742 , 9780821372197 , 9780821372203
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xix, 133 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Countries and regions
    Uniform Title: Exclusão social e mobilidade no Brasil.
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Social exclusion and mobility in Brazil
    DDC: 305.5/690981
    Keywords: Sozialgeschichte 1977-2001 ; Soziale Mobilität ; Ausgrenzung ; Brasilien ; Brazil Social conditions ; Brasilien ; Marginality, Social ; Brazil ; Poverty ; Brazil ; Social mobility ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Soziale Mobilität ; Ausgrenzung ; Sozialgeschichte 1977-2001
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-127) and index , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c2008
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  • 51
    ISBN: 082137205X , 0821372068 , 9780821372050 , 9780821372067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 182 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.5/561091724
    Keywords: Budget ; Economic assistance Management ; Poverty Government policy ; Budget ; Economic assistance Management ; Poverty Government policy ; Budget ; Economic assistance ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-176) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 52
    ISBN: 082137530X , 0821375318 , 9780821375303 , 9780821375310
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 139 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 331.109691
    Keywords: Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages ; Labor market ; Labor productivity ; Poverty ; Wages
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-134) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 0821372238 , 0821372246 , 9780821372234 , 9780821372241
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 78 p) , ill., map , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Environment and development
    DDC: 339.4/9091724
    Keywords: Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households Economic aspects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty Environmental aspects ; Environmental health ; Households ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Natural resources ; Poverty
    Description / Table of Contents: Understanding poverty-environment linkages at the household level -- Poverty and environmental change at the macro scale -- Environmental management and pathways to household welfare -- Scope of the report -- Some key conclusions -- Local natural resources, poverty, and degradation: examining empirical regularities -- The importance of environmental income to the poor -- Commons as a source of insurance -- The effect of growth on local resource use -- Welfare impacts of degradation -- The role of poverty in environmental change -- Conclusions -- Health outcomes and environmental pathogens -- Theoretical linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- Empirical evidence of linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions -- How robust are the empirical findings? -- Conclusions and tentative policy implications -- Household welfare and policy reforms -- Selected policy reforms: evidence from case studies -- Challenges and data limitations -- Conclusions -- Directions for change -- Use of local natural resources -- Design principles for improving environmental health -- Better data for monitoring change -- Policy reforms for managing the environment and reducing poverty -- Moving forward.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-74) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9780821368268 , 9780821368275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 474 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 339.4/6091724
    Keywords: Finance, Public ; Poverty Case studies Government policy ; Poverty Case studies Government policy ; Finance, Public ; Poverty Case studies Government policy ; Poverty Case studies Government policy ; Finance, Public ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Africa ; Latin America ; Africa Case studies Social policy ; Latin America Case studies Social policy ; Africa Case studies Social policy ; Latin America Case studies Social policy ; Fallstudiensammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821375652 , 0821375660 , 9780821375655 , 9780821375662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 285 p) , ill., map , 23 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 339.4/609679
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Mozambique ; Mozambique ; Mozambique Economic conditions 1975- ; Mozambique Social conditions 1975- ; Mozambique Economic conditions 1975- ; Mozambique Social conditions 1975-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-275) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821371614 , 0821371622 , 9780821371619 , 9780821371626
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 62 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 118
    DDC: 339.4/60947
    Keywords: Pauvreté ; Pauvreté ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Pauvreté ; Pauvreté ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Asia, Central Economic policy 1991- ; Europe, Eastern Economic policy 1989- ; Asia, Central Economic policy 1991- ; Europe, Eastern Economic policy 1989-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821369296 , 082136930X , 0821370308 , 9780821369296 , 9780821369302 , 9780821370308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Rev. ed
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Keywords: Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Description / Table of Contents: Background and context -- Globalization and poverty -- Trade -- Finance -- Aid -- Migration/with Andrew L. Beath -- Ideas -- Toward a policy agenda.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 58
    ISBN: 0821371398 , 0821371401 , 9780821371398 , 9780821371404
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxviii, 149 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332.67/264098
    Keywords: Housing Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Pension trusts Investments ; Small business Finance ; Housing Finance ; Infrastructure (Economics) Finance ; Pension trusts Investments ; Small business Finance ; Housing ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Pension trusts ; Small business
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 59
    ISBN: 0821370367 , 0821370375 , 9780821370360 , 9780821370377
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 34 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Africa Region human development series
    DDC: 368.1/210091724
    Keywords: Insurance ; Poverty ; Risk (Insurance) ; Insurance ; Poverty ; Risk (Insurance) ; Insurance ; Poverty ; Risk (Insurance) ; Africa ; Africa Economic conditions 1960- ; Africa Economic conditions 1960-
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction -- Index-based insurance in low income contexts: potential and limitations -- Recent global innovations -- Forays into insurance in Africa -- Future directions and conclusions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-34)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 60
    ISBN: 0821368885 , 0821368893 , 9780821368886 , 9780821368893
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (liv, 504 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Environment and sustainable development
    DDC: 363.7009861
    Keywords: Environmental health ; Fuel Health aspects ; Indoor air pollution ; Industries Environmental aspects ; Pollution ; Poverty ; Environmental health ; Fuel Health aspects ; Indoor air pollution ; Industries Environmental aspects ; Pollution ; Poverty ; Environmental health ; Fuel ; Indoor air pollution ; Industries ; Pollution ; Poverty ; Colombia ; Colombia Environmental conditions ; Colombia Environmental conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 61
    ISBN: 0821368907 , 0821368915 , 9780821368909 , 9780821368916
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 267 p) , ill , 24 cm.
    Additional Material: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 362.5/561091724
    Keywords: Economic assistance Evaluation ; Economic policy Evaluation ; Poverty Government policy ; Evaluation ; Economic assistance Evaluation ; Economic policy Evaluation ; Poverty Government policy ; Evaluation ; Economic assistance ; Economic policy ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Statement of responsibility from acknowledgments
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 62
    ISBN: 0821371738 , 0821371746 , 9780821371732 , 9780821371749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 329 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 201/.76
    Keywords: Economic development Religious aspects ; Poverty ; Religion and social problems ; Economic development Religious aspects ; Poverty ; Religion and social problems ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Religious aspects ; Religion and social problems
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-317) and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3805
    Parallel Title: Wang, Youjuan Di bao
    Keywords: Guaranteed annual income ; Poor ; Guaranteed annual income ; Poor
    Abstract: "Concerns about incentives and targeting naturally arise when cash transfers are used to fight poverty. The authors address these concerns in the context of China's Di Bao program, which uses means-tested transfers to try to assure that no registered urban resident has an income below a stipulated poverty line. There is little sign in the data of poverty traps due to high benefit withdrawal rates. Targeting performance is excellent by various measures. Di Bao appears to be better targeted than any other program in the developing world. However, all but one measure of targeting performance is found to be uninformative, or even deceptive, about impacts on poverty. The authors find that the majority of the poor are not receiving help, even with a generous allowance for measurement errors. While on paper, Di Bao would eliminate urban poverty, it falls well short of that ideal in practice. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3825
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of Lesotho's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The author provides a preliminary benchmarking of infrastructure performance in Lesotho in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and road transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. The results of the benchmarking are revealing of several major, comparative deficiencies in infrastructure performance in Lesotho: (1) extremely low access to electricity and its affordability; (2) poor coverage, quality, and the cost of local (non-cellular) telephony; and (3) poor quality of roads. Infrastructure service delivery in electricity, telephony, and roads is well below what would be expected, on average, for a country in Lesotho's income group. In these sectors, Lesotho also compares unfavorably with many other geographical country groups. Unless addressed, such infrastructure shortfalls are likely to adversely affect the welfare of Lesotho's poor, and the cost competitiveness and growth prospects of a range of economic sectors (such as tourism and trade) that depend critically on a stable and competitive supply of basic infrastructure service. They could also affect the speed and quality of Lesotho's regional economic integration within the South Africa Customs Union (SACU) sub-region with attendant consequences for the long-term growth of regional trade and real output. By contrast, Lesotho's performance is solid in the access to improved water and sanitation, in the aggregate and in both rural and urban areas. Finally, this benchmarking, combined with more in-depth, sector analyses, could provide policymakers in Lesotho a useful guide to the areas of infrastructure performance requiring attention. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/17/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3831
    Parallel Title: Silva, Patricia Exploring the linkages between poverty, marine protected area management, and the use of destructive fishing gear in Tanzania
    Keywords: Coastal zone management ; Environmental degradation ; Fishing industry ; Poverty ; Coastal zone management ; Environmental degradation ; Fishing industry ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Coastal resources in Tanzania have come under increasing pressure over the past three decades, which has led to a significant decline in the biodiversity and productivity of coastal ecosystems. The livelihoods of coastal communities that directly depend on these resources are consequently under increasing threat and vulnerability. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one tool for managing coastal and marine resources that have been increasingly used in Tanzania. Promotion of alternative income generating activities (AIGAs) is often a component of MPA management strategies to reduce fishing pressure and address poverty concerns. However, empirical evidence on whether these AIGAs are successful in reducing pressure on fisheries, or their impact on poverty, is scarce and inconclusive. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate by investigating the linkages between household characteristics, MPA activities, and household choice of fishing gear. The empirical analysis is based on household survey data from a sample of villages located along the coast of mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar. The author finds that some aspects of poverty increase the likelihood of using destructive fishing gear. MPAs do not directly affect household choice of fishing gear. However, households participating in AIGAs are less likely to use destructive fishing gear, suggesting that MPA support to these activities in Tanzania has a positive influence on household choice of fishing gear. The author also finds the use of destructive fishing gear is associated with higher consumption levels, whereas participation in AIGAs does not significantly affect household consumption levels. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/26/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3833
    Parallel Title: Mauricio Structural change and poverty reduction in Brazil
    Keywords: Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty ; Structural adjustment (Economic policy) ; Economic assistance, Domestic ; Poverty ; Structural adjustment (Economic policy)
    Abstract: "Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3850
    Parallel Title: Bussolo, Maurizio Do regional trade pacts benefit the poor?
    Keywords: Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty ; Free trade ; Income distribution ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The main objective of this paper is to provide an ex-ante assessment of the poverty and income distribution impacts of the Central American Free Trade Area agreement on Nicaragua. The authors use a general equilibrium macro model to simulate trade reform scenarios and estimate their price effects, while a micro-module maps these price changes into real income changes at the individual household level. A useful insight from this analysis is that even if the final total impact on poverty is not too large, its dispersion across households-due to their heterogeneity of factor endowments, inputs use, commodity production, and consumption preferences-is significant and should be taken into account when designing compensatory policies. Additionally, growth and redistribution decomposition show that, at least in the short to medium run, redistribution can be as important as growth. The main policy message that emerges from the paper is that Nicaragua should consider enlarging its own liberalization to countries other than the United States to boost trade-induced poverty reductions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3861
    Parallel Title: Baker, Judy L Integrated urban upgrading for the poor
    Keywords: Community development ; Low-income housing ; Poor ; Community development ; Low-income housing ; Poor
    Abstract: "This study looks at the experience of integrated urban upgrading in a low-income neighborhood of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Infrastructure and social investments have been made in the community through a government program, with community participation playing a major role in the design and implementation. This approach is now perceived to be highly successful in terms of its implementation and positive impact on living conditions, and will provide the basis for a major state-wide program. This paper analyzes the lessons learned from the experience, with implications for scaling up as well as applications for other urban upgrading programs. Among the key issues looked at are: (1) what has worked well with the integrated urban upgrading approach and what has not; (2) how cost-effective the interventions were; (3) institutional arrangements given the multi-sectoral approach; and (4) sustainability issues of financing, tenure security, the prevention of further slum expansion, operations and maintenance, environmental sustainability, and job creation, and how they will impact on the poor over time. Key findings point to the importance of community participation, clear roles and responsibilities in institutional arrangements, the need for strong local government participation, and the high costs and challenges of providing housing for the poor. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3907
    Parallel Title: Reshef, Ariell Trade and harmonization
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; International trade
    Abstract: "Good institutional quality (function) and similar institutional design (form) can promote international trade by reducing transactions costs. The authors evaluate the relative importance of function versus form in a gravity model, using an indicator of different legal systems as a proxy for differences in form, together with indicators of overall institutional quality. They find that good institutions promote trade much more than similar legal systems and have much more explanatory power. This effect is economically large-up to 10 times the effect of different legal systems. Moreover, better infrastructure matters as much as good institutions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3997
    Parallel Title: Araujo, M. Caridad Local inequality and project choice
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Income distribution ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments
    Abstract: "This paper provides evidence consistent with elite capture of Social Fund investment projects in Ecuador. Exploiting a unique combination of data-sets on village-level income distributions, Social Fund project administration, and province level electoral results, the authors test a simple model of project choice when local political power is unequally distributed. In accordance with the predictions of the model, poorer villages are more likely to receive projects that provide excludable (private) goods to the poor, such as latrines. Controlling for poverty, more unequal communities are less likely to receive such projects. Consistent with the hypothesis of elite capture, these results are sensitive to the specific measure of inequality used in the empirical analysis, and are strongest for expenditure shares at the top of the distribution. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    ISBN: 0821364863 , 9780821364864
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 520 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.4/6091724
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 72
    ISBN: 0821363999 , 9780821363997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 246 p) , ill., col. maps , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 363.8/56
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Government policy ; Poverty ; Economic assistance ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition Government policy ; Poverty ; Economic assistance ; Malnutrition ; Nutrition ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-237) and index
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3838
    Parallel Title: Adams, Richard H. Jr Remittances and poverty in Ghana
    Keywords: Emigrant remittances ; Poverty ; Emigrant remittances ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The author uses a large, nationally representative household survey to analyze the impact of internal remittances (from Ghana) and international remittances (from African and other countries) on poverty in Ghana. With only one exception, he finds that both types of remittances reduce the level, depth, and severity of poverty in Ghana. But the size of the poverty reduction depends on how poverty is being measured. The author finds that poverty is reduced more when international, as opposed to internal, remittances are included in household income, and when poverty is measured by the more sensitive poverty measures-poverty gap and squared poverty gap. For example, the squared poverty gap measure shows that including international remittances in household expenditure (income) reduces the severity of poverty by 34.8 percent, while including internal remittances in such income reduces the severity of poverty by only 4.1 percent. International remittances reduce the severity of poverty more than internal remittances because of the differential impact of these two types of remittances on poor households. Households in the poorest decile group receive 22.7 percent of their total household expenditure (income) from international remittances, as opposed to only 13.8 percent of such income from internal remittances. When these "poorest of the poor" households receive international remittances, their income status changes dramatically and this in turn has a large effect on any poverty measure-like the squared poverty gap-that considers both the number and distance of poor households beneath the poverty line. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3867
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H. G The rise and fall of Brazilian inequality, 1981-2004
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Inflation (Finance) ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Inflation (Finance) ; Poverty
    Abstract: "Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004). Poverty incidence also followed an inverted U-curve over the past quarter century, rising from 0.30 in 1981 to 0.33 in 1993, before falling to 0.22 in 2004. Using standard decomposition techniques, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have been driven by increases in the educational attainment of the population in a context of convex returns, and by high and accelerating inflation. While the secular decline in inequality, which began in 1993, is associated with declining inflation, it also appears to have been driven by four structural and policy changes which have so far not attracted sufficient attention in the literature, namely sharp declines in the returns to education; pronounced rural-urban convergence; increases in social assistance transfers targeted to the poor; and a possible decline in racial inequality. Although poverty dynamics since the Real Plan of 1994 have been driven primarily by economic growth, the decline in inequality has also made a substantial contribution to poverty reduction. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3943
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Is cost recovery a feasible objective for water and electricity?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "Given the relatively small segment of the population that faces genuine affordability problems in Latin America, there appears to be a promising case for using targeted subsidies to reconcile the cost recovery objective with social protection concerns. Social tariff schemes of various kinds are already widespread in Latin America, but they suffer from a number of design flaws. Increasing block tariff (IBT) structures are the most prevalent form of social tariffs in the region. These are likely to be more successful in the electricity sector than in the water sector because the correlation between consumption and income is much stronger in the case of electricity than water. Moreover, IBT structures in electricity tend to be much better designed than in the case of water, with lower fixed charges, lower subsistence blocks, and steeper gradients. A number of more sophisticated social tariff schemes are also being applied that combine consumption criteria with some form of socioeconomic screening. These are generally found to perform better than IBTs, although they also present significant room for improvement. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3950
    Parallel Title: Auriol, Emmanuelle Infrastructure and public utilities privatization in developing countries
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public utilities
    Abstract: "The paper analyzes governments' tradeoff between fiscal benefits and consumer surplus in privatization reforms of noncompetitive industries in developing countries. Under privatization, the control rights are transferred to private interests so that public subsidies decline. This benefit for tax-payers comes at the cost of price increases for consumers. In developing countries, tight budget constraints imply that privatization may be optimal for low profitability segments. For highly profitable public utilities, the combination of allocative inefficiency and critical budgetary conditions may favor public ownership. Finally, once a market segment gives room for more than one firm, governments prefer to regulate the industry. In the absence of a credible regulatory agency, regulation is achieved through public ownership. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/28/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821363220 , 9780821363225
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 389 p) , ill., maps , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.4/6/096
    Keywords: Economic assistance Case studies ; Economic development projects Case studies ; Poverty Case studies ; Economic assistance Case studies ; Economic development projects Case studies ; Poverty Case studies ; Economic assistance ; Economic development projects ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3834
    Parallel Title: Manroth, Astrid Access to financial services in Colombia
    Keywords: Financial services industry ; Poor ; Financial services industry ; Poor
    Abstract: "The authors look at the depth of the financial sector in Bogota in terms of the "financial exclusion" of those, particularly poorer citizens, who operate without accounts in formal financial institutions-the unbanked. They begin with a review of the overall decline in financial intermediation from 1998 to 2003, which explains, in part, the high percentage of unbanked-61 percent in a recent household survey in Bogota. The authors next look at the banking system today, concluding that the present challenge is to increase financial intermediation overall, especially with the poor. Their analysis shows that Colombia's banks provide costly services mainly catered toward high-income clients. Existing fees and costs of checking, savings, and loan services average 5-10 percent of a monthly minimum wage, making them hard to afford for low-income clients. The authors also explore the characteristics and impacts of financial exclusion associated with lower and more uncertain incomes, lower education, and closer links to the informal sector. They cite the household survey conducted in Bogota, showing that 70 percent of the unbanked earn less than one minimum wage per month, are three times more likely to be unemployed than the banked, and have lower education levels. The unbanked save and borrow largely in the informal sector, at greater risk and greater cost. At the same time, however, high home ownership rates show that the unbanked have the capacity to build assets, demonstrating that they have "bankable" characteristics. The authors conclude with recommendations for government and for the financial sector to broaden access for the benefit of public and private sectors, and for the unbanked. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3976
    Parallel Title: Annabi, Nabil Implications of WTO agreements and unilateral trade policy reforms for poverty in Bangladesh
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Poverty ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The authors examine the effects of WTO agreements and domestic trade policy reforms on production, welfare, and poverty in Bangladesh. They use a sequential dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which takes into account accumulation effects, allowing for long-run analysis. The study is based on the 2000 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Bangladesh including 15 production sectors, four factors of production (skilled and unskilled labor, agricultural and nonagricultural capital), and nine household groups (five in rural areas and four in urban areas). To examine the link between the macroeconomic effects and microeconomic effects in terms of poverty, the authors use the representative household approach with actual intra-group income distributions. The study presents five simulations for which the major findings are: (1) The Doha scenario has negative implications for the overall macroeconomy, household welfare, and poverty in Bangladesh. Terms of trade deteriorate and consumer prices, particularly food prices, increase more than nominal incomes, especially among poor households. (2) Free world trade has similar, but larger, impacts. (3) Domestic trade liberalization induces an expansion of agricultural and light manufacturing sectors, favorable changes in the domestic terms of trade. Although the short-run welfare and poverty impacts are negative, these turn positive in the long run when capital has adjusted through new investments. Rising unskilled wage rates make the poorest households the biggest winners in terms of welfare and poverty reduction. (4) Domestic liberalization effects far outweigh those of free world trade when these scenarios are combined. (5) Remittances constitute a powerful poverty-reducing tool given their greater importance in the income of the poor. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/25/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3830
    Parallel Title: Bogetic, Željko International benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "The paper provides a first systematic, comprehensive benchmarking of South Africa's infrastructure performance in four major sectors--electricity, water and sanitation, information and communication technology, and transportation--against the relevant group of comparator countries using a new World Bank international data base with objective and perception-based indicators of infrastructure performance from over 200 countries. Specifically, the paper seeks to answer a number of relevant questions: How does South Africa compare on major indicators of infrastructure sector performance against the relevant country groups? What do outcome indicators tell us about the relative strengths and weaknesses of South Africa's infrastructure compared with various income and geographical comparator groups of countries? Where are the largest deviations-positive and negative-from the benchmarks and other comparators? And how does one interpret some of these comparisons to be useful for policy purposes? "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/26/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3835
    Parallel Title: John, Patrick The urban unbanked in Mexico and the United States
    Keywords: Low-income consumers ; Low-income consumers ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Poor ; Low-income consumers ; Low-income consumers ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Poor
    Abstract: "This paper examines the ways in which lower-income households obtain basic financial services in urban communities in Mexico and the United States. And it discusses the efforts that private sector and government organizations are making to lower the cost or improve the quality of those services. The paper summarizes available information on these issues and assesses the rationale and challenges facing the strategies that both countries are using to improve the financial services available to lower-income households, giving particular attention to "unbanked" households, meaning households that do not have deposit accounts with any regulated deposit-taking institution, and also to lower-income households in large urban areas. In comparing the experiences of the two countries, the paper reviews the extent to which lower-income households are unbanked, their use of non-bank financial services, and strategies for improving financial services to the unbanked. The underlying differences between the countries' typical household incomes-national income per capita in Mexico in 2002 was US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3841
    Parallel Title: Nicita, Alessandro Export led growth, pro-poor or not?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry ; Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry
    Abstract: "Madagascar's textile and apparel industry has been among the fastest growing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fueled by low labor costs, a fairly productive labor force, and preferential access to industrial countries, Madagascar's exports of textile and apparel products grew from about US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3973
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Conditional cash transfers, adult work incentives, and poverty
    Keywords: Incentives in industry ; Poverty ; Transfer payments ; Incentives in industry ; Poverty ; Transfer payments
    Abstract: "Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs aim to alleviate poverty through monetary and in-kind benefits, as well as reduce future levels of poverty by encouraging investments in education, health, and nutrition. The success of CCT programs at reducing poverty depends on whether, and the extent to which, cash transfers affect adult work incentives. The authors examine whether the PROGRESA program of Mexico affects adult participation in the labor market and overall adult leisure time, and they link these effects to the impact of the program on poverty. Using the experimental design of PROGRESA's evaluation sample, the authors find that the program does not have any significant effect on adult labor force participation and leisure time. Their findings on adult work incentives are reinforced further by the result that PROGRESA leads to a substantial reduction in poverty. The poverty reduction effects are stronger for the poverty gap and severity of poverty measures. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3980
    Parallel Title: Klytchnikova, Irina Trade reforms, farm productivity, and poverty in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Bangladesh Rural conditions ; Bangladesh Rural conditions
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the distributional impacts of trade reforms in rural areas of Bangladesh. The liberalization of trade in irrigation equipment and fertilizer markets during the early 1990s has led to structural changes in the agricultural sector and a significant increase in rice productivity. A resulting increase in output has been associated with a decline in producer and consumer rice prices of approximately 25 percent. Using a combination of ex-post and ex-ante approaches, the authors investigate the implications of the changes in rice productivity and prices for the welfare of households. They find that the net effects of increased rice productivity and lower rice prices have benefited the poor. Regardless of the particular category analyzed, the poorest households emerged as being particularly positively affected by reforms in the 1990s. This mainly reflects the fact that they are predominantly net rice buyers in both urban and rural markets. In contrast, large net sellers of rice, among the better-off households in the rural areas, were the main losers. Since net buyers in rural areas tend to be poorer than net sellers, trade liberalization has benefited the poor. Although the authors are not able to test empirically what has happened to the welfare level of agricultural wage earners, secondary evidence suggests that they have gained from trade liberalization. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3989
    Parallel Title: Fedderke, Johannes W Infrastructure and growth in South Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Public investments ; South Africa Economic conditions ; South Africa Economic conditions
    Abstract: "Empirical explorations of the growth and productivity impacts of infrastructure have been characterized by ambiguous (countervailing signs) results with little robustness. A number of explanations of the contradictory findings have been proposed. These range from the crowd-out of private by public sector investment, non-linearities generating the possibility of infrastructure overprovision, simultaneity between infrastructure provision and growth, and the possibility of multiple (hence indirect) channels of influence between infrastructure and productivity improvements. The authors explore these possibilities using panel data for South Africa over the 1970-2000 period, and a range of 19 infrastructure measures. Using a number of alternative measures of productivity, the prevalence of ambiguous (countervailing signs) results, with little systematic pattern is also shown to hold for their data set in estimations that include the infrastructure measures in simple growth frameworks. The authors demonstrate that controlling for potential endogeneity of infrastructure in estimation robustly eliminates virtually all evidence of ambiguous impacts of infrastructure, due for example to possible overinvestment in infrastructure. Controlling for the possibility of endogeneity in the infrastructure measures renders the impact of infrastructure capital not only positive, but of economically meaningful magnitudes. These findings are invariant between the direct impact of infrastructure on labor productivity, and the indirect impact of infrastructure on total factor productivity. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821362747 , 9780821362747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Keywords: Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
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  • 87
    ISBN: 0821365274 , 9780821365274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv,106 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Orientations in development series
    DDC: 339.46091767
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Africa, North Social conditions ; Middle East Social conditions ; Africa, North Social conditions ; Middle East Social conditions ; Bibliografie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-101) and index
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  • 88
    ISBN: 0821366823 , 0821366831 , 9780821366820
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xi, 42 p) , ill., map , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 84
    DDC: 333.91/409664
    Keywords: Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project ; Bumbuna Hydroelectric Project ; Communication in rural development ; Hydroelectric power plants ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Water-power ; Communication in rural development ; Hydroelectric power plants ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Water-power
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821366866 , 9780821366868
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 141 p) , ill , 21 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; World Bank ; Economic development projects ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 131) and index
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821365614 , 9780821365618
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 152 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 73
    DDC: 339.4/60967
    Keywords: Poverty ; Time management ; Women Economic conditions ; Poverty ; Time management ; Women Economic conditions ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions 1960- ; Africa, Sub-Saharan Economic conditions 1960- ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: Gender, time use, and poverty: introduction -- Gender and time poverty in sub-Saharan Africa -- A review of empirical evidence on time use in Africa from UN-sponsored surveys -- Measuring time poverty and analyzing its determinants: concepts and application to Guinea -- Labor shortages despite underemployment? seasonality in time use in Malawi -- Poverty reduction from full employment: a time use approach -- Assessing the welfare of orphans in Rwanda: poverty, work, schooling, and health.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821365118 , 9780821365113
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 221 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 339.4/6098
    Keywords: Poverty Government policy ; Poverty ; Poverty Government policy ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Latin America ; Latin America ; Latin America Economic conditions 1945- ; Latin America Economic policy ; Latin America Economic conditions 1945- ; Latin America Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-215) and index
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821361813 , 0821363484
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (v. 〈1-2 〉) , ill , 23 cm.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 339.4/6/091724
    Keywords: Poverty ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. A practitioner's guide on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education -- v. 2. Analyzing the distributional impact of reforms
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3470
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Ppi partnerships versus ppi divorces in developing countries (or are we switching from pppi to ppdi?)
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Privatization ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Abstract: "Thirty years ago, in 1974, Chile launched the first large-scale privatization in a developing country. About 15 years later, Argentina provided a new model of global infrastructure management. Since then a variety of public-private partnerships in infrastructure have been adopted throughout the developing and transition world. These experiences add up to a large and heterogeneous enough sample of experiences from which some fairly robust conclusions on who benefited from the reforms and who did not. Because many of these experiences are also turning sour and the 'privatization' fad of the 1990s seems to be turning into an 'antiprivatization' fad, it seems important to separate facts from emotions. Estache argues that the wide differences in interpretations of the facts can be explained by wide differences in the assessment criteria used by analysts, including the definition of the baseline data chosen to assess the incremental effect of reforms. It is also driven by the sectors, the regions, and probably most important, the actors on which the analysis tends to focus. Once all these factors have been considered, a relatively fair and quantitative assessment of the prospects of the public-private relationship in infrastructure is possible. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to stimulate a debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure reforms"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/3/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3580
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin On the contribution of demographic change to aggregate poverty measures for the developing world
    Keywords: Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor
    Abstract: "Recent literature and new data help determine plausible bounds to some key demographic differences between the poor and non-poor in the developing world. The author estimates that selective mortality-whereby poorer people tend to have higher death rates-accounts for 10-30 percent of the developing world's trend rate of
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3629
    Parallel Title: Suescun, Rodrigo Fiscal space for investment in infrastructure in Colombia
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Fiscal policy ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Colombia Economic policy ; Colombia Economic policy
    Abstract: "For the evaluation of macroeconomic policies Colombian authorities rely heavily, if not exclusively, on the operational framework known as the Financial Programming Model developed by the International Monetary Fund in the 1950s. Based on this static framework, the formulation of fiscal policy in the country, just as in various Latin American countries, focuses primarily on fiscal deficit and gross debt targets. However, the type of fiscal policy advice derived from it is not useful for understanding the asset-creating nature and the inter-temporal tradeoffs involved in public investment decisions. The author develops a perfect foresight, dynamic small open economy model to provide an alternative framework for fiscal analysis and policy purposes. He shows that the two competing frameworks deliver differing paths for the expected behavior of the Colombian economy. He then uses the proposed framework to study the likely consequences of using public capital spending to achieve deficit targets since, in addition to an already high public debt, in the years ahead unfunded pension obligations will put enormous pressure on the Colombian government's solvency. The results indicate that public capital compression is costly in terms of foregone growth and very ineffective in achieving fiscal consolidation. The adoption of fiscal rules such as the golden rule or the permanent balance rule to shield public investment from undue budgetary pressures makes little sense in the presence of sustainability concerns. The author shows that a transitory capital spending increase is not self-amortizing in the long run; hence an extra peso of public capital spending deteriorates the inter-temporal fiscal position. A permanent increase largely pays for itself in terms of additional tax revenue but this effect is offset by a deterioration of infrastructure user charges, as long as public prices are determined competitively. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3661
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Public infrastructure and private investment in the Middle East and North Africa
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Investments ; Investments ; Investments
    Abstract: "The authors examine the impact of public infrastructure on private capital formation in three countries of the Middle East and North Africa-Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia. They highlight various channels through which public infrastructure may affect private investment. Then they describe their empirical framework, which is based on a vector autoregression (VAR) model that accounts for flows and (quality-adjusted) stocks of public infrastructure, private investment, as well as changes in output, private sector credit, and the real exchange rate. The authors propose two aggregate measures of the quality of public infrastructure and use principal components to derive a composite indicator. Their analysis suggests that public infrastructure has both "flow" and "stock" effects on private investment in Egypt, but only a "stock" effect in Jordan and Tunisia. But these effects are small and short-lived, reflecting the unfavorable environment for private investment in their sample of countries. Reducing unproductive public capital expenditure and improving quality must be accompanied by policy reforms aimed at limiting investment to infrastructure capital that crowds in the private sector and corrects for fundamental market failures. This will entail privatization and greater involvement of the private sector in infrastructure investment. While infrastructure (in the form of the provision of critical telecommunications, transport, and energy services) is important, other improvements in the environment in which domestic investment is conducted are crucial. These include the need to provide financing on adequate terms and guarantee a secure and efficient justice system. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3757
    Parallel Title: Hertel, Thomas W Poverty impacts of a WTO agreement
    Keywords: World Trade Organization ; World Trade Organization ; Doha Development Agenda ; Doha Development Agenda ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Poverty ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Poverty
    Abstract: "This paper reports on the findings from a major international research project investigating the poverty impacts of a potential Doha Development Agenda (DDA). It combines in a novel way the results from several strands of research. Intensive analysis of the DDA Framework Agreement pays particularly close attention to potential reforms in agriculture. The scenarios are built up using newly available tariff line data and their implications for world markets are established using a global modeling framework. These world trade impacts, in turn, form the basis for 12 country case studies of the national poverty impacts of these DDA scenarios. The focus countries include Bangladesh, Brazil (two studies), Cameroon, China (two studies), Indonesia, Mexico, Mozambique, the Philippines, Russia, and Zambia. The diversity of approaches taken in these studies allows the paper to reflect local conditions and priorities and illustrates many important facets of the trade and poverty link. It does, however, limit the ability to draw broader conclusions. Thus an additional study provides a 15-country cross-section analysis, and a global analysis provides estimates for the world as a whole. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/26/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3788
    Parallel Title: Essama-Nssah, B Simulating the poverty impact of macroeconomic shocks and policies
    Keywords: Business cycles ; Poverty ; Business cycles ; Poverty ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Abstract: "Developing countries face a host of macroeconomic challenges in the design and implementation of development strategies and policies. The importance of the underlying poverty and distributional issues creates a need for relevant and reliable ways of tracking the social impact of shocks and policies. This paper describes and demonstrates the use of a stylized framework for simulating the poverty implications of the Dutch disease, a change in the terms of trade and budgetary policy. The basic approach is to embed a Lorenz model of the size distribution of economic welfare in a general equilibrium model of an open economy. It is observed that, while aggregate welfare and poverty effects may be negligible, the structural and distributional impacts tend to be significant. The latter drive the political economy of policymaking and point to the need for an analytical framework that accounts for both the structural richness of the economy and the heterogeneity of the stakeholders "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3513
    Parallel Title: Benitez, Daniel A How concentrated are global infrastructure markets?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics) ; Globalization ; Infrastructure (Economics)
    Abstract: "In infrastructure, the possibility of a positive relationship between operators' profitability and the degree of concentration is a major political issue in view of the wide diversity of feelings about the potential role of the private sector. This is particularly important because of (1) the large residual degree of monopolies, (2) the protection they are granted through exclusivity clauses built in service delivery contracts, and (3) the widespread sense that the same operators tend to be present in most of the privatized operations. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a first set of quantitative assessments of the degree of concentration in infrastructure at the global and the regional levels. Concentration issues were identified in only about 20 percent of the cases studied, and a presumption of concentration was found in another 30 percent of the cases. Benitez and Estache find no correlation between the degree of concentration and the degree of reform adopted by a region or a sector. In more general terms, they find no scope for simple encompassing regional or sectoral statements because issues are region- and sector-specific. The authors conclude by arguing that there are a few cases and regions in which it would make sense for a supranational competition or regulation agency to ensure that the interests of the users are protected more effectively against the risks of collusion and other types of anti-competitive behaviors local regulators would not be equipped to address. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President, Infrastructure Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to document the state of the sector"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/9/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3627
    Parallel Title: Kenny, Charles Reforming the posts
    Keywords: Poor ; Postal service ; Poor ; Postal service
    Abstract: "The monopoly-supported universal service obligation (USO) is usually defended on the grounds that the monopoly allows for cross-subsidy in letter services that in turn allows universal access to a service of great importance to all. The author argues that letter delivery (as opposed to other services that may be provided by post offices) is not in universal demand in poor countries, that the size of the market in developing countries is such that USOs could not be met under the monopoly model, and that the monopoly carries heavy costs for sector development and consumer welfare. He proposes in the place of the postal USO a competitive approach involving universal access to a range of services that poor people have a need to access. Regarding reform of the incumbent, the author takes a preliminary first cut at examining the statistical relationship between postal performance (as measured by letters per capita allowing for income per capita), trust in the postal service, and postal efficiency, and finds a significant link between the three. The results suggest that reforms that improve postal efficiency and trust in the postal network will improve the performance of the postal network. The author suggests that there may be better uses of cross-subsidy from within the sector and government subsidy from without than supporting the inefficient delivery of a service rarely used by poor people. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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