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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Invitations, incentives, and conditions : a randomized evaluation of demand-side interventions for health screenings in Armenia (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group & Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9346
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Damien, Damien Invitations, Incentives, and Conditions: A Randomized Evaluation of Demand-Side Interventions for Health Screenings in Armenia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The study is a randomized controlled trial that investigates the impact of four demand-side interventions on health screening for diabetes and hypertension among Armenian adults ages 35-68 who had not been tested in the last 12 months. The interventions are personal invitations from a physician (intervention group 1), personal invitations with information about peer screening behavior (intervention group 2), a labeled but unconditional cash transfer in the form of a pharmacy voucher (intervention group 3), and a conditional cash transfer in the form of a pharmacy voucher (intervention group 4). Compared with the control group in which only 3.5 percent of participants went for both screenings during the study period, interventions 1 to 3 led to a significant increase in the screening rate of about 15 percentage points among participants. The highest intervention impact was measured among recipients in intervention group 4, whose uptake of screening on both tests increased by 31.2 percentage points. The levels of cost-effectiveness of intervention groups 1, 2, and 4 are similar while for intervention group 3 it is about twice more expensive per additional person screened
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9346
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The demographic and socio-economic distribution of excess mortality during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda (2009)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4850
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de The demographic and socio-economic distribution of excess mortality during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda
    Keywords: Genocide ; Mortality ; Genocide ; Mortality
    Abstract: "There is an extensive literature on violent conflicts such as the 1994 Rwandan genocide, but few papers examine the profiles of victims and perpetrators, or more broadly the micro-level dynamics of widespread violence. This paper studies the demographic consequences of the Rwandan genocide and how the excess mortality due to the conflict was distributed in the population. Data collected by the 2000 Demographic and Health Survey indicate that although there were more deaths across the entire population, adult males were the most likely to die. Using the characteristics of the survey respondent as a proxy for the socio-economic status of the family dead, the results also show that individuals with an urban or more educated background were more likely to die. Over and above the human tragedies, a long-term cost of the genocide is the country's loss of productive skills. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4850
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential applications of conditional cash transfers for prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa (2008)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4673
    Parallel Title: Medlin, Carol Potential applications of conditional cash transfers for prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Keywords: HIV (Viruses) Prevention ; Sexually transmitted diseases Prevention ; HIV (Viruses) Prevention ; Sexually transmitted diseases Prevention
    Abstract: "A growing number of developing countries have introduced conditional cash transfer programs that provide money to poor families with certain contingencies attached - such as requiring school attendance or regular immunization and health check-ups. As the popularity of conditional cash transfer programs has grown, experimentation with potential applications in other areas of health, such as sexual and reproductive health, and HIV prevention, in particular, has also increased. Evaluations of conditional cash transfer programs have focused almost exclusively on uptake of health and educational services, which make relatively low demands of participants compared with more complex interventions, which require the cessation of risky behaviors, such as smoking, obesity, and substance abuse. The literature on contingency management - based on the principle that behavioral change occurs when appropriate behaviors are reinforced and rewarded - provides a richer picture of the complexity of the use of conditionality to encourage healthy behavioral change. This paper examines developing countries' experiences with conditional cash transfer programs and the results of trials in clinical settings on the efficacy of contingency management, and addresses their relevance for designing conditional cash transfer programs to address risky sexual behavior and promote the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Race, immigration, and the U.S. labor market : contrasting the outcomes of foreign born and native blacks (2008)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4737
    Parallel Title: Walque, Damien de Race, immigration, and the U.S. labor market
    Keywords: Blacks Employment ; Immigrants ; Blacks Employment ; Immigrants ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; United States Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects
    Abstract: "It is generally expected that immigrants do not fare as well as the native-born in the U.S. labor market. The literature also documents that Blacks experience lower labor market outcomes than Whites. This paper innovates by studying the interaction between race and immigration. The study compares the labor market outcomes of four racial groups in the United States (Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics) interacted with their foreign born status, using the Integrated Public Use Micro Data Series data for the 2000 Census. Among women and for labor market outcomes such as labor force participation, employment, and personal income, the foreign born are doing worse than the native born from the same racial background, with the exception of Blacks. Among men, for labor force participation and employment, foreign-born Blacks are doing better than native Blacks. The paper tests different possible explanations for this "reversal" of the advantage of natives over immigrants among Blacks. It considers citizenship, ability in English, age at and time since arrival in the United States, as well as neighborhood effects, but concludes that none of these channels explains or modifies the observed reversal. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/12/2009 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incentivizing quantity and quality of care : evidence from an impact evaluation of performance-based financing in the health sector in Tajikistan (2019)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group & Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8951
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ahmed, Tashrik Incentivizing Quantity and Quality of Care: Evidence from an Impact Evaluation of Performance-Based Financing in the Health Sector in Tajikistan
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the results of an impact evaluation of a performance-based financing pilot in rural areas of two regions of Tajikistan. Primary care facilities were given financial incentives conditional on general quality and the quantity provided of selected services related to reproductive, maternal and child health, and hypertension-related services. The study relies on a difference-in-difference design and large-scale household and facility-based surveys conducted before the launch of the pilot in 2015 and after three years of implementation. The performance-based financing pilot had positive impacts on quality of care. Significant impacts are measured on facility infrastructure, infection prevention and control standards, availability of equipment and medical supplies, provider competency, provider satisfaction, and even some elements of the content of care, measured through direct observations of provider-patient interactions. While the communities in the performance-based financing districts reported higher satisfaction with the local primary care facilities, and despite the improvements in quality, the findings suggest moderate effects on utilization: among the incentivized utilization indicators, only timely postnatal care and blood pressure measurements for adults were significantly impacted
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8951
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The use of financial incentives to prevent undesirable behaviors (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8424
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als de Walque, Damien The Use of Financial Incentives to Prevent Undesirable Behaviors
    Keywords: Gesundheitsvorsorge ; Social Marketing ; Anreiz ; AIDS ; Rauchen ; Drogenkonsum ; Alkohol ; Körpergewicht ; Jugendliche ; Ehe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Behaviors that are putting people's health and well-being at risk are widespread in the developing world and some of them, like smoking and unhealthy diets, are on the rise. Some of these behaviors can be prohibited or prevented by taxation. But financial incentives such as conditional cash transfers are also increasingly proposed and tested to discourage such behaviors, in domains as varied as HIV/AIDS, drugs, alcohol, smoking, obesity, or early marriage prevention. This paper presents the theoretical justification for using such incentives, distinguishing between the price, income effects, and the nudge effects. The growing literature about the effectiveness of financial incentives to prevent undesirable behaviors is reviewed in detail for each type of harmful behavior. Finally, the paper discusses the long-term sustainability of such incentives, a key issue if they are to be scaled up beyond pilot programs and research projects. The current evidence on whether such incentives have an impact after they are discontinued is mixed. Some design features, like lotteries or commitment devices, could induce savings as well as increase effectiveness, therefore improving sustainability
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8424
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Love the job ... or the patient? : task vs. mission-based motivations in health care (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Research Group, Human Development Team
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8338
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Banuri, Sheheryar Love the Job... or the Patient? Task vs. Mission-Based Motivations in Health Care
    Keywords: Gesundheitsberufe ; Ärzte ; Studium ; Öffentlicher Sektor ; Reform ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Motivation ; Arbeitsleistung ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A booming literature has argued that mission-based motives are a central feature of mission-oriented labor markets. This paper shifts the focus to task-based motivation and finds that it yields significantly more effort than mission-based motivation. Moreover, in the presence of significant task motivation, mission motivation has no additional effect on effort. The evidence emerges from experiments with nearly 250 medical and nursing students in Burkina Faso. The students exert effort in three tasks, from boring to interesting. In addition, for half of the students, mission motivation is present: their effort on the task generates benefits for a charity. Two strong results emerge. First, task motivation has an economically important effect on effort, more than doubling effort. Second, mission motivation increases effort, but only for mundane tasks and not when the task is interesting. Moreover, even for mundane tasks, the effects of mission motivation appear to be less than those of task motivation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8338
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Incentivizing school attendance in the presence of parent-child information frictions (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8476
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als de Walque, Damien Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions
    Keywords: Schulbesuch ; Öffentliche Sozialleistungen ; Moral Hazard ; Frauenbildung ; Ländlicher Raum ; Mosambik ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Education conditional cash transfer programs may increase school attendance in part due to the information they transmit to parents about their child's attendance. This paper presents experimental evidence that the information content of an education conditional cash transfer program, when given to parents independently of any transfer, can have a substantial effect on school attendance. The effect is as large as 75 percent of the effect of a conditional cash transfer incentivizing parents, and not significantly different from it. In contrast, a conditional transfer program incentivizing children instead of parents is nearly twice as effective as an "information only" treatment providing the same information to parents about their child's attendance. Taken together, these results suggest that children have substantial agency in their schooling decisions. The paper replicates the findings from most evaluations of conditional cash transfers that gains in attendance achieved by incentivizing parents financially do not translate into gains in test scores. But it finds that both the information only treatment and the alternative intervention incentivizing children substantially improve math test scores
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8476
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Risking your health : causes, consequences, and interventions to prevent risky behaviors (2013)
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399064
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 185 pages) , illustrations , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Human development perspectives
    DDC: 362.1
    Keywords: Developing Countries ; Health Behavior ; Health Status Indicators ; Poverty ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Social Problems ; Developing Countries ; Health Behavior ; Health Status Indicators ; Poverty ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Social Problems
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview of prevalence and trends of risky behaviors by region in the developing worldDeterminants of risky behavior -- The consequences of risky behavior -- Targeting risky behaviors using non-price interventions/legislation, information and education -- Using economic mechanisms to reduce risky behaviors : tax policy and other incentives.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9906-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Encouraging service delivery to the poor : does money talk when health workers are pro-poor? (2018)
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8666
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8666
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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