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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are Jordan and Tunisia's Exports Becoming More Technologically Sophisticated? : Analysis Using Highly Disaggregated Export Databases (2012)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: There is a growing consensus that what you export matters for growth (see for instance, Haussman and al. 2007 and Krishna and Maloney (2011)). This paper examines whether and to what extent Jordan and Tunisia, the two most globally integrated countries of the Middle East and North Africa region, are moving up the technological ladder. To that effect, we use two highly disaggregated panel export database (products captured at the 11-digit level) and a 'product-based' methodology that allows a mapping of products classified by technological content and their sector of origin. We find that Jordan and Tunisia have experienced contrasting dynamics over the last decade. Thanks to its large exports of pharmaceutical products, Jordan enjoys a much higher share of high tech products in its export basket (11.5 percent versus 5.4 percent respectively) but this share has been declining over time due to the rapid rise of exports of textiles products. In contrast, from a very low basis, Tunisia has been catching up thanks to a slow but steady rise in medium-high tech products (electronics and mechanical components) and a corresponding decline in the preeminence of exports of textile products. Interestingly, success stories identified in both countries are all associated with the establishment of an 'enclave' where transparent 'rules of the game' are credibly enforced with the help of an external policy anchor either through international agreements (e.g. Jordan's free trade agreement with the US and the signature of and compliance with WTO's Intellectual Property Rights) or the establishment of a 'special zone/regime' such as Tunisia's 'offshore' regime and Jordan's Qualifying Industrial Zone. This finding underscores the importance of overcoming institutional weaknesses and establishing transparent and rules-based Government-business relationships as a pre-requisite for successful global integration in developing countries countries
    DOI: 10.1596/26675
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Integration mondiale de la Tunisie : Une nouvelle generation de reformes pour booster la croissance et l'emploi (2008)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821377123
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p)
    Series Statement: Country Studies
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Abstract: Les politiques d'integrat ...
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7669-0
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    The Dynamic Effects of Countercyclical Fiscal Stimulus On Output in Tunisia (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Diop, Ndiame The Dynamic Effects of Countercyclical Fiscal Stimulus On Output in Tunisia
    Abstract: With the global financial crisis hitting many countries, policymakers around the world have been weighing different countercyclical policies to support aggregate demand and restore growth. The analysis in this paper estimates a Structural Vector Error Correction model for Tunisia in order to identify the impact of fiscal policy shocks on real output. The authors find that public investment has a small impact on output in the short run but is an important medium-term growth-enhancing countercyclical instrument that has a robust impact on growth. Raising public investment by 1 dinar yields 0.12 dinar the first year, 0.30 dinar the second year, half a dinar the third year, and 1.08 dinars the sixth year. An increase in recurrent expenditure has a smaller but positive and persistent impact on real output. For Tunisia to obtain a larger short-term impact of public spending on output, procurement processes should be made faster and simpler. Finally, the analysis finds a countercyclical pattern of real public investment vis-à-vis real output and a relative rigidity/inelasticity of recurrent expenditures to output fluctuations
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5087
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Trade competitiveness of the Middle East and North Africa : policies for export diversification (2010)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 0821380745 , 9780821380741 , 9780821380758
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 336 p) , ill. (some col.) , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Trade
    Keywords: Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Competition, International ; Exports ; Exports ; Foreign trade promotion ; Foreign trade promotion ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Africa, North ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Middle East ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration ; Africa, North Commerce ; Africa, North Commercial policy ; Africa, North Economic integration ; Middle East Commerce ; Middle East Commercial policy ; Middle East Economic integration
    Description / Table of Contents: Trade reforms for export competitiveness : what are the issues for the Middle East and North Africa? / Ndiamé Diop, José R. López-Cálix, and Peter WalkenhorstFDI flows and export diversification : looking at extensive and intensive margins / Julien Gourdon -- Promoting new exports : experience from industry case studies / Claudia Nassif -- Export diversification in Algeria / Ricardo Hausmann, Bailey Klinger, and José R. López-Cálix -- Emerging export services : where does Tunisia stand? / Olivier Cattaneo, Ndiamé Diop, and Peter Walkenhorst -- Anchoring services reform : the European neighborhood policy and Morocco / Ndiamé Diop -- Services trade as an engine of development : situation and prospects in Algeria / Olivier Cattaneo ... [et al.] -- Economic growth in China and India : challenges and opportunities for the Middle East and North Africa / Elena Ianchovichina, Maros Ivanic, and Will Martin -- Globalization and competition from China and India : policy responses in the Middle East and North Africa / Paul Brenton, Lulu Shui, and Peter Walkenhorst -- Regional integration : status, developments, and challenges / Lulu Shui and Peter Walkenhorst -- Economic gains of regional agreements in the Maghreb : deeper versus wider integration / Paloma Anos Casero and Ganesh Kumar Seshan.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8074-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Natural resource abundance, growth and diversification in MENA : the effects of natural resources and the role of policies (2012)
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9591-2
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  • 6
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    The Economy-Wide Effects of Further Trade Reforms in Tunisia's Services Sectors (2010)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dee, Philippa The Economy-Wide Effects of Further Trade Reforms in Tunisia's Services Sectors
    Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to benchmark Tunisia against other emerging economies in terms of the regulatory barriers affecting particular services sectors, and to assess the economy-wide effects of further liberalizing these services trade restrictions, compared with reducing the dispersion in barriers to its merchandise trade. On the basis of a rather restricted sample of services sectors, partial regulatory reform would yield gains roughly equivalent to full unilateral reform of manufacturing tariffs, but roughly one-tenth the gains from full bilateral reform of border protection in agriculture with the European Union. The adjustment costs associated with these services trade reforms would be minimal. The paper identifies the reasons why the gains from these services reforms are relatively small, and argues that a wider set of reforms could provide win-win outcomes and even fewer adjustment costs. By contrast, the gains in agriculture and manufacturing tend to come at the expense of domestic output in the reforming sectors - the gains are greater, but so too are the adjustment costs
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5341
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Groundnut policies, global trade dynamics, and the impact of trade liberalization (2003)
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3226
    Parallel Title: Beghin, John C Groundnut policies, global trade dynamics, and the impact of trade liberalization
    Keywords: Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Peanuts ; Peanuts ; Peanuts ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Free trade ; Peanuts ; Peanuts ; Peanuts
    Note: "February 25, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on February 26, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Trade reforms, farm productivity, and poverty in Bangladesh (2006)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3980
    Parallel Title: Klytchnikova, Irina Trade reforms, farm productivity, and poverty in Bangladesh
    Keywords: Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Agricultural productivity ; Free trade ; Poverty ; Bangladesh Rural conditions ; Bangladesh Rural conditions
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the distributional impacts of trade reforms in rural areas of Bangladesh. The liberalization of trade in irrigation equipment and fertilizer markets during the early 1990s has led to structural changes in the agricultural sector and a significant increase in rice productivity. A resulting increase in output has been associated with a decline in producer and consumer rice prices of approximately 25 percent. Using a combination of ex-post and ex-ante approaches, the authors investigate the implications of the changes in rice productivity and prices for the welfare of households. They find that the net effects of increased rice productivity and lower rice prices have benefited the poor. Regardless of the particular category analyzed, the poorest households emerged as being particularly positively affected by reforms in the 1990s. This mainly reflects the fact that they are predominantly net rice buyers in both urban and rural markets. In contrast, large net sellers of rice, among the better-off households in the rural areas, were the main losers. Since net buyers in rural areas tend to be poorer than net sellers, trade liberalization has benefited the poor. Although the authors are not able to test empirically what has happened to the welfare level of agricultural wage earners, secondary evidence suggests that they have gained from trade liberalization. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/21/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Trade costs, export development, and poverty in Rwanda (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3784
    Parallel Title: Diop, Ndiame Trade costs, export development, and poverty in Rwanda
    Keywords: Exports ; Poor ; Exports ; Poor ; Rwanda Commerce ; Rwanda Commerce
    Abstract: "For Rwanda, one of the poorest countries in the world, trade offers the most effective route for substantial poverty reduction. But the poor in Rwanda, most of whom are subsistence farmers in rural areas, are currently disconnected from markets and commercial activities by extremely high transport costs and by severe constraints on their ability to shift out of subsistence farming. The constraints include lack of access to credit and lack of access to information on the skills and techniques required to produce commercial crops. The paper is based on information from the household survey and a recent diagnostic study of constraints to trade in Rwanda. It provides a number of indicative simulations that show the potential for substantial reductions in poverty from initiatives that reduce trade costs, enhance the quality of exportable goods, and facilitate movement out of subsistence into commercial activities. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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