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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (2,864)
  • Online Resource  (2,864)
  • 2015-2019  (2,864)
  • 1960-1964
  • Graue Literatur  (2,140)
  • Deutschland
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bonn : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 2004 -
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unternehmen Region
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Ostdeutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 02.09.2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; Nachgewiesen 2000 -
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2000 -
    Additional Information: In Beziehung stehendes Werk World development indicators online Washington, DC : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2006 Datenbank
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators CD-ROM
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Entwicklungsindikator ; Welt ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe , Gesehen am 05.12.13 , Frühere Jg. online nicht mehr verfügbar
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boston, Mass. | Madison, Wis. ; Nr. 1.1976 -
    ISSN: 2163-9108 , 0145-2258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1976 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. African economic history
    Former Title: Vorg.: African economic history review
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Urh. teils.: African Studies Center, Boston University
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1684-4173 , 1027-1775 , 1027-1775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 18.2002 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eastern Africa social science research review
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Entwicklungstheorie ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Ostafrika ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Gesellschaft ; Gruppe ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Afrika südlich der Sahara Sozialwissenschaften ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Gruppe ; Sozioökonomische Entwicklung ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Herausgebendes Organ früher: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa , Gesehen am 25.10.2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    München : Ges. ; Nachgewiesen 2002 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    In:  Central and Eastern European online library
    ISSN: 0340-174X , 0340-174X
    Language: German , English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2002 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südosteuropa-Mitteilungen
    Titel der Quelle: Central and Eastern European online library
    Publ. der Quelle: Frankfurt am Main : Central and Eastern European Online Library GmbH, 2003
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Südosteuropa ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 09.08.2022
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : SAGE Publishing | Pfaffenhofen : Afrika-Verl. | Hamburg : Inst. of African Affairs | Hamburg : Hamburg Univ. Press ; 1.1966 -
    ISSN: 1868-6869 , 1868-6869 , 0002-0397
    Language: German , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1966 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa Spectrum
    Former Title: Afrika Spectrum
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Politologie ; Soziologie ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Herausgebendes Organ bis 1975: Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung; bis 2006: Institut für Afrika-Kunde; bis 30.04.2020: Institut für Afrika-Studien , Erscheint unregelmäßig , Gesehen am 26.02.2020 , Text teils dt., teils engl., teils franz.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    DDC: 943
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2015 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Sowjetunion ; Politische Justiz ; Transitional Justice ; Geschichte 1930-1960
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9783737009942
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (238 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Wittener Schriften zu Familienunternehmen 26
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Obermaier, Otto Werner Familienunternehmer als externe Beiräte
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Witten/Herdecke, Universität Witten/Herdecke 2018
    DDC: 658.04
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    Keywords: Familienunternehmen ; Beirat ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Familienbetrieb ; Beirat
    Note: Erscheinungsjahr der gedruckten Ausgabe des Digitalisats: 2019
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783839449844
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 p)
    Edition: 1 ed
    Series Statement: Edition Politik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hirsch, Anja, 1984 - Gemeinwohlorientiert und innovativ?
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    Keywords: Robert Bosch Stiftung ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendhilfe ; Stiftung ; Unternehmen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kritik ; Deutschland ; Political science ; Political Science / Civics & Citizenship ; Electronic books ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendarbeit ; Unternehmensträgerstiftung ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendarbeit ; Unternehmensträgerstiftung
    Abstract: Business-related foundations are increasingly appearing to serve the common good as financiers of political education and are also promoting innovative formats aimed at "disadvantaged young people". So far, little is known about how these foundations are intertwined with corporate interests and what understanding of maturity is the basis of their educational work. Based on critical emancipatory theories of society and education, Anja Hirsch shows how the connection with companies can affect programs of company-related foundations and how innovative formats of political youth education reproduce inequality relationships
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783666105272
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz 117
    Series Statement: Beihefte
    Series Statement: Abteilung für Abendländische Religionsgeschichte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ringen um Versöhnung. Versöhnungsprozesse zwischen Religion, Politik und Gesellschaft (Veranstaltung : 2016 : Mainz) Ringen um Versöhnung ; 2: Versöhnungsprozesse zwischen Religion, Politik und Gesellschaft
    DDC: 230
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    Keywords: Peace-building Congresses ; Reconciliation Congresses ; Reconciliation Congresses Political aspects ; Reconciliation Congresses Religious aspects ; International relations ; Peace-building ; International relations ; Reconciliation ; Reconciliation ; Political aspects ; Reconciliation ; Religious aspects ; Europe ; Conference papers and proceedings ; Konferenzschrift 2016 ; Deutschland ; Polen ; Frankreich ; Religion ; Politik ; Gesellschaft ; Vergangenheitsbewältigung ; Versöhnung ; Konflikt
    Note: "... im Rahmen einer Tagung, die im Juni 2016 in Mainz stattgefunden hat" (Vorwort)
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9783658150990
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 326 S.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.8
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    Keywords: Social sciences ; Social medicine ; Human body Social aspects ; Emigration and immigration ; Interkulturelle Kompetenz ; Behindertenhilfe ; Behindertenrecht ; Lebenswelt ; Inklusive Schule ; Behinderung ; Flüchtling ; Einwanderer ; Deutschland ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Flüchtling ; Behinderung ; Lebenswelt ; Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Flüchtling ; Behinderung ; Behindertenrecht ; Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Flüchtling ; Behinderung ; Interkulturelle Kompetenz ; Behindertenhilfe ; Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Flüchtling ; Behinderung ; Inklusive Schule
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9783839448328
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (314 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Edition Politik Band 80
    Series Statement: Knowledge Unlatched
    Series Statement: transcript OPEN library Politikwissenschaft
    Series Statement: Edition Politik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schwiertz, Helge Migration und radikale Demokratie
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Osnabrück 2019
    DDC: 322.40835
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    Keywords: Politische Beteiligung ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Electronic books ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Electronic books ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; USA ; Jugend ; Einwanderer ; Politische Beteiligung ; Politischer Protest
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
    URL: Cover
    URL: OAPEN
    URL: Image
    URL: Image
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 13
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (444 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Müller, Angela Indien im Sucher
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Luzern 2017
    DDC: 303.48243054
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    Keywords: Massenmedien ; Magazin ; Inhaltsanalyse ; Fremdbild ; Ausland ; Ursache ; Wandel ; Deutschland ; Schweiz ; Indien ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Schweiz ; Deutschland ; Bildband ; Illustrierte ; Pressefotografie ; Indienbild ; Geschichte 1920-1980 ; Deutschland ; Fotografie ; Öffentlichkeit ; Pressefotografie ; Südasien ; Geschichte 1920-1980 ; Schweiz ; Deutschland ; Bildband ; Illustrierte ; Pressefotografie ; Indienbild ; Geschichte 1920-1980
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seiten 422 - 443
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9783763957958
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (784 Seiten)
    DDC: 305.50943
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    Keywords: Deutschland ; Wohlfahrt ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Teilhabe ; Individualisierung ; Lebenschance ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 15
    ISBN: 3161576055 , 9783161576058
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Wissenschaftsrecht Beihefte 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gärditz, Klaus Ferdinand, 1975 - Universitäre Industriekooperation, Informationszugang und Freiheit der Wissenschaft
    DDC: 001.4/4
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    Keywords: Freedom of information ; Research Finance ; Endowment of research ; Endowment of research ; Freedom of information ; Research ; Finance ; Deutschland ; Hochschule ; Drittmittelforschung ; Forschungsförderung ; Wissenschaft ; Recht ; Deutschland ; Hochschulrecht ; Informationsfreiheit
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    ISBN: 9783631779705 , 9783631785003 , 9783631785010
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource ( p.))
    Keywords: Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ; Law ; Deutschland ; Verbrauchervertrag ; Digitale Daten ; Vertragstyp ; Vertragsrecht
    Abstract: Die Frage, ob das BGB den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung noch gerecht werden kann, steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Publikation. Um dem auf den Grund zu gehen, untersucht der Autor den Begriff »digitale Inhalte«, der seit Umsetzung der Verbraucherrechterichtlinie im BGB zu finden ist. Mithilfe einer Kategorisierung der Erscheinungsformen digitaler Inhalte ordnet er diese vertragstypologisch zu. Mit dem so gefundenen Ergebnis macht der Autor legislative Vorschläge für eine alternative rechtliche Handhabbarkeit. Dabei nimmt er auch den von der Europäischen Kommission vorgelegten Vorschlag für eine spezielle Richtlinie für digitale Inhalte in den Blick und verbindet mit ihm die Zuversicht, dass es sich dabei um ein sinnvolles Update für das BGB handeln könnte
    Note: German
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    ISBN: 9783631780657 , 9783631786208 , 9783631786215
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource ( p.))
    Keywords: Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ; Jurisprudence & general issues ; Deutschland ; Privater ; Öffentlicher Raum ; Intelligente Kamera ; Videoüberwachung ; Informationelles Selbstbestimmungsrecht ; Datenschutz
    Abstract: Das Buch behandelt die Frage des zulässigen Einsatzes sogenannter intelligenter Videoüberwachungssysteme durch Private im öffentlichen Raum am Maßstab des §6b BDSG a.F. . Die Autorin befasst sich hierzu mit der systemkonformen Auslegung anhand des Grundgesetzes, der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, der EMRK und der DSRL 95/46/EG sowie der Rechtsprechung der jeweiligen Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeiten. Sie zeigt auf, dass in einem Gefüge komplexer Wertentscheidungen angesichts des betroffenen Rechts auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung und der grundgesetzlichen Diskriminierungsverbote differenzierte Einzelfallabwägungen entlang eines aufgestellten Kriterienkataloges zu treffen sind. Das zu § 6b BDSG a. F. entwickelte Ergebnis besteht auch vor § 4 BDSG n. F. und der EU-DSGVO
    Note: German
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  • 18
    ISBN: 9783832548421
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (311 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Granström, Monica Bravo Teachers' beliefs and strategies when teaching reading in multilingual settings
    Dissertation note: Pädagogische Hochschule Weingarten 2018
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    Keywords: Society & social sciences ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Schweden ; Chile ; Mehrsprachigkeit ; Leseunterricht ; Schuljahr 4 ; Empirische Pädagogik ; Lehrstrategie ; Subjektive Theorie ; Lehrer
    Abstract: Globalization has not only changed our society, it has also had a profound effect on education. Many schools deal with student populations that due to migration have become increasingly multilingual. Politically, few would argue against the importance of multilingualism; rather, it is promoted to the fullest. However, in practical terms the challenges associated with teaching and educational policies have increased manifold as a result of the linguistic diversity among student bodies. Reading is certainly regarded as a key learning skill, however, the question arises as to how the students' life-world multilingualism is taken into consideration. Furthermore, being considered part of teachers' professional competence, teachers' mental processes and perceptions (beliefs) have been the focus in several different academic fields. Previous research suggests that there are significant links between teachers' beliefs and practices. This thesis explores the aforementioned aspects in greater detail, with the overall aim to gain a deeper understanding of teachers' beliefs and strategies when teaching reading in multilingual settings. Using a cross-disciplinary, qualitative research approach, the empirical inquiry is based on case studies within different, linguistically diverse settings. The case studies include classroom observations as well as teacher interviews in German, Swedish and Chilean grade 4 classrooms
    Note: English
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9783847414902 , 3847414909
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sauer, Martina, 1964 - Der Einfluss muslimischer Religiosität auf die gesellschaftliche Integration von Einwanderern in Deutschland
    DDC: 297.0943
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    Keywords: Immigrants Cultural assimilation ; Social integration ; Muslims ; Social capital (Sociology) ; Deutschland ; Muslim ; Religiosität ; Soziales Kapital ; Gruppenkohäsion ; Soziale Integration ; Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Muslim ; Integration
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9783839449844
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Edition Politik 87
    Series Statement: Knowledge Unlatched
    Series Statement: transcript OPEN library Politikwissenschaft
    Series Statement: Edition Politik
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hirsch, Anja, 1984 - Gemeinwohlorientiert und innovativ?
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität zu Köln 2017
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    Keywords: Robert Bosch Stiftung ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendhilfe ; Stiftung ; Unternehmen ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Kritik ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendarbeit ; Unternehmensträgerstiftung ; Politische Bildung ; Jugendarbeit ; Unternehmensträgerstiftung
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9783839449653
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Studien des Göttinger Instituts für Demokratieforschung zur Geschichte politischer und gesellschaftlicher Kontroversen 14
    Series Statement: Knowledge Unlatched
    Series Statement: transcript OPEN library Politikwissenschaft
    Keywords: Ideologie ; Rechtsradikalismus ; Die Rechte ; Protestbewegung ; Populismus ; Innenpolitik ; Kommunalpolitik ; Gemeinde ; Attentat ; Gewalt ; Politik ; Partei ; Rechtspartei ; Deutschland ; Electronic books
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783658236700 , 9783658236663
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: 8., überarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Keywords: German Politics ; Germany-Politics and government ; Political science ; Legislative bodies ; Elections ; Germany—Politics and government. ; Political science. ; Legislative bodies. ; Elections. ; Handbuch ; Deutschland ; Politisches System
    Abstract: Dieses seit vielen Jahren eingeführte Nachschlagewerk bietet die Grundlagen zu allen wichtigen Aspekten des politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und eignet sich sowohl für politikwissenschaftliche Studium als auch zum Nachschlagen für politisch Interessierte. Das Standardwerk wurde für die 8. Auflage komplett überarbeitet, konzeptionell erweitert und aktualisiert
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten, 0,55 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 195
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This article examines the reconfigurations of Islamic traditions of giving within contemporary nongovernmental organization (NGO) structures, in light of the larger legal and social transformations of the concept of charity in India. It argues that Indian laws regulating charitable institutions – along with current globalized models of philanthropy and development – have partly shaped institutional forms of Islamic giving into modern, public modes of welfare provision. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Islamic charitable associations based in Lucknow, I discuss two features that illustrate the new orientations of Islamic giving practiced within formally registered nongovernmental associations: first, a turn to giving practices that lead to tangible social and economic development; and second, an emphasis on public, universal care. Simultaneously, the article discusses how Muslims also get involved in these organizations to fulfill spiritual aims and perpetuate specific Islamic traditions of giving. In this sense, organization founders and volunteers blur the distinctions that laws have created between unregulated, ‘traditional’ private forms of religious giving and ‘modern’ public modes of welfare regulated by the state. Attention to these actors’ aspirations and strategies thus demonstrates the particular, localized ways in which religious traditions of giving are re-articulated in modern secular states, beyond formal structures and frameworks that tend to organize and shape charitable traditions into distinct spheres.
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  • 24
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten, 0,44 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology Working Papers No. 199
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Elliesie, Hatem Konfliktregulierung in Deutschlands pluraler Gesellschaft: "Paralleljustiz"?
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    Keywords: Deutschland ; Einwanderer ; Lebenswelt ; Rechtskultur ; Nichtstaatlicher Akteur ; Konfliktlösung
    Abstract: Dieses Working Paper legt die konzeptionellen Konturen des in der Abteilung ‚Recht & Ethnologie‘ des Max-Planck-Instituts für ethnologische Forschung angesiedelten Forschungsprojektes „Konfliktregulierung in Deutschlands pluraler Gesellschaft“ vor der Feldforschung der Teilprojektvorhaben im Jahre 2019 dar. Ziel der Forschung ist es, durch eine multiperspektivisch angelegte Betrachtungsweise ausgewählte ethnisch und/oder religiös geprägte Einwanderungsgemeinschaften in ihren spezifischen Lebenswelten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in den Blick zu nehmen. Der Fokus des Gesamtprojekts liegt dabei auf Ausprägungen von Konfliktkonstellationen, die aus staatlicher Sicht im Grundsatz ein zivil- und/oder strafrechtliches Substrat ausweisen. Die Teilprojekte, die jeweils Lebenswelten ausgewählter Einwanderungsgemeinschaften in den Blick nehmen, sollen dabei möglichst komparativ ausgestaltet sein, und ausgehend von jeweils unterschiedlichen Ansätzen Akteur*innen, deren Rechtsbewusstsein und Prozessen der Aushandlung von Konflikten nachgehen. Der in der breiten Öffentlichkeit verbreiteten Prämisse, es handele sich hierbei grundsätzlich um eine sogenannte Paralleljustiz, soll dabei kritisch-reflektierend nachgegangen werden. Bei dem im Sprachgebrauch der Debatte verwendeten Wortsinn des Begriffs Paralleljustiz handelt es sich um ein Phänomen, bei dem eine justizähnliche Autorität in einer gerichtsförmig verfassten Struktur ausgeübt wird, die a priori im Gegensatz zu rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen steht und jegliche Interaktion mit staatlichen Einrichtungen ausschließt. Dies wurde bisher jedoch wissenschaftlich in dieser Bestimmtheit nicht belegt. Das Forschungsvorhaben stellt daher als Ausgangspunkt die Hypothese auf, dass konfliktregulierende Verfahren in der Form, wie sie die Vertreter*innen der sogenannten Paralleljustiz verstehen, nicht per se als parallel zu betrachten sind. Wenn man den Akteur*innen eine rational handelnde Rechtssubjektivität zuschreibt, ist es viel eher denkbar, dass Akteur*innen ihre Anliegen in gerichtliche wie außergerichtliche Bestandteile aufspalten (forum shopping), um aus der betreffenden Fallkonstellation eine für sie jeweils möglichst optimale Rechtsfolge ableiten zu können. Ob und gegebenenfalls wie sich dies in der Lebenswirklichkeit darstellt, ist Kernbestand der empirisch ausgelegten Teilprojekte, die das staatliche Recht, soziokulturelle Rechtsverständnisse und Normderivate in den Blick nehmen. Anliegen dieser Grundlagenforschung ist es, sich in der gebotenen Nüchternheit eines Forschungsdesiderats in Deutschland anzunehmen, ohne dabei problematische Konfliktlagen zu ignorieren oder in den verbreiteten Alarmismus einzustimmen.
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  • 25
    Language: English , German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 239 Seiten, 4,19 MB)
    Series Statement: Field notes and research projects / Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Department 'Integration and Conflict' 25
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als International Max Planck Research School on Retaliation, Mediation and Punishment Understanding retaliation, mediation and punishment
    Keywords: Global Human Security ; Vermittlung/Schlichtung ; Abschreckung/Abschreckungsstrategie ; Voraussetzungen für Frieden ; Fallstudie ; Länderbezogene Beiträge ; Global Human security ; Mediation/conciliation ; Deterrence/deterrence strategy ; Preconditions for peace ; Case studies ; Country related contents ; Sudan Gedaref ; Ressourcenkonflikt ; Somalia ; Mogadishu ; Staatsfunktionen ; Vereinigte Staaten ; Innere Sicherheit ; Terrorismusbekämpfung ; Militanter Islam ; Propaganda ; Internationales Strafrecht ; International Criminal Court ; Internationales Strafgericht ; Selektivität ; International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Menschenrechte ; Internet ; Zentralamerika ; Organisierte Kriminalität ; Äthiopien ; Ethnischer Konflikt ; Interethnische Beziehungen ; Gumuz (Volk) ; Oromo (Volk) ; Deutschland ; Gericht ; Bayern ; Straftäter ; Repatriierung/Rückanpassung ; Mongolei ; Strafrecht ; Südafrikanische Republik ; Traditionelle Kultur ; Macht ; Legitimität/Legitimation ; Staatsanwaltschaft/Staatsanwälte ; Rechenschaftspflicht ; Volksrepublik China ; Geldwäsche ; Umsetzung internationalen Rechts ; Brasilien ; Jugendkriminalität ; Unterdrückung/Repressalien ; Uganda ; Justiz/Judikative Gewalt ; Europa ; Frankreich ; Polizei ; Lettland ; Transitional Justice ; European Court of Human Rights ; Sudan Resource conflicts ; Somalia ; State functions ; United States ; Domestic security ; Antiterrorism ; Militant Islam ; Propaganda ; International criminal law ; International criminal tribunals ; Economic crimes ; Human rights ; Internet ; Central America ; Organized crime ; Ethiopia ; Ethnic conflicts ; Interethnic relations ; Germany ; Courts of justice ; Criminals ; Repatriation/reintegration ; Mongolia ; Criminal law ; South Africa ; Traditional culture ; Power ; Legitimacy/legitimation ; Public prosecutors ; Accountability ; People's Republic of China ; Money laundering ; Implementation of international law ; Brazil ; Juvenile delinquency ; Suppression/reprisals ; Uganda ; Judiciary/judiciary powers ; Europe ; France ; Police ; Latvia ; Transitional justice ; Vergeltung ; Mediation ; Strafe ; Dissertation ; Zusammenfassung
    Note: Beiträge teilweise englisch, teilweise deutsch , Literaturverzeichnisse
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    ISBN: 9783631784266 , 9783631788455 , 9783631788462
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource ( p.))
    Keywords: Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ; Law ; Deutschland ; Arbeitszeit ; Erreichbarkeit ; Arbeitszeitrecht
    Abstract: Dieses Buch behandelt das Phänomen «Mobile Erreichbarkeit». Diese kann als Brücke bezeichnet werden, die den Arbeitnehmer während der Freizeit mit dem Arbeitsverhältnis verbindet. Die damit bewirkte intensive Entgrenzung der Arbeit in örtlicher und zeitlicher Dimension ist vom Gesetzgeber nicht geregelt. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, in welchem Rahmen diese Entgrenzung rechtlich zulässig ist. Dazu bettet er die «Mobile Erreichbarkeit» in das dogmatische Fundament des europäischen Arbeitszeitrechts ein und setzt sich mit den praktischen Fragen ihrer Umsetzung auseinander. Diese Erkenntnisse münden in Empfehlungen zur Umgestaltung der Rechtslage, die sich sowohl auf den europarechtlichen Rahmen als auch auf dessen nationale Ausgestaltung beziehen
    Note: German
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9783631785010
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Law ; Vertragstypologie ; Law ; Electronic books ; Deutschland ; Verbrauchervertrag ; Digitale Daten ; Vertragsrecht
    Abstract: "Die Frage, ob das BGB den Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung noch gerecht werden kann, steht im Mittelpunkt dieser Publikation. Um dem auf den Grund zu gehen, untersucht der Autor den Begriff »digitale Inhalte«, der seit Umsetzung der Verbraucherrechterichtlinie im BGB zu finden ist. Mithilfe einer Kategorisierung der Erscheinungsformen digitaler Inhalte ordnet er diese vertragstypologisch zu. Mit dem so gefundenen Ergebnis macht der Autor legislative Vorschläge für eine alternative rechtliche Handhabbarkeit. Dabei nimmt er auch den von der Europäischen Kommission vorgelegten Vorschlag für eine spezielle Richtlinie für digitale Inhalte in den Blick und verbindet mit ihm die Zuversicht, dass es sich dabei um ein sinnvolles Update für das BGB handeln könnte."
    URL: Cover  (Thumbnail cover image)
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  • 28
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers no. 225
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Signalling ; Humankapital ; Freie Mitarbeiter ; Telearbeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Digitale Plattform ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the effects of a voluntary skill certification scheme in an online freelancing labour market. The paper show that obtaining skill certificates increases a worker’s earnings. This effect is not driven by increased worker productivity but by decreased employer uncertainty. The increase in worker earnings is mostly realised through an increase in the value of the projects obtained (up to 10%) rather than an increase in the number of projects obtained (up to 0.03 projects). In addition, the paper finds evidence for negative selection to completing skill certificates, which suggests that the workers who complete more skill certificates are, on average, in a more disadvantaged position in the labour market. Finally, skill certificates are found to be an imperfect substitute to other types of standardised information. On the whole, the results suggest that certificates play a role in helping new workers break into the labour market, but are more valuable to workers with at least some work experience. More stringent skill certification tests could improve the benefits to new workers.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783839448823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Science studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schwachula, Anna Sustainable development in science policy-making
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Bremen 2018
    DDC: 338.927
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Umweltpolitik ; Forschungspolitik ; Wissenschaftspolitik ; Internationale Kooperation ; Internationale Organisation ; Politisches Ziel ; Forschungsprogramm ; Umweltschutz ; Deutschland ; Entwicklungsländer ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wissenschaftspolitik ; Forschungsförderung ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Internationale Kooperation
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 304-344
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9783666311161
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (721 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Archiv jüdischer Geschichte und Kultur Band 4
    Series Statement: Archiv jüdischer Geschichte und Kultur
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ferencz, Benjamin B., 1920 - 2023 Kriegsverbrechen, Restitution, Prävention
    DDC: 345.0238
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ferencz, Benjamin B. 1920-2023 ; Deutschland ; Nürnberger Prozesse ; Kriegsverbrechen ; Erstattung ; Geschichte 1943-1993
    Note: Text deutsch und englisch
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9783631782378
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (428 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Studien zum deutschen und europäischen Medienrecht Band 65
    Series Statement: Studien zum deutschen und europäischen Medienrecht
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hartmann, Sarah Die europäische Regulierung audiovisueller Mediendienste
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (Westf.) 2018
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Großbritannien ; Australien ; Neuseeland ; Deutschland ; Europäische Union Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste ; Audiovisuelle Medien ; Regulierung ; Reform ; Rechtsvergleich
    Abstract: Die europäische AVMD-Richtlinie, die auch die deutsche Medienregulierung determiniert, befindet sich seit 2016 in einem Reformprozess. Insbesondere der materielle Anwendungsbereich der Richtlinie wird dem Anspruch einer rechtssicheren Unterscheidung zwischen regulierungsbedürftigen und nicht-regulierungsbedürftigen Diensten nicht gerecht. Auch mit der Neugestaltung der Richtlinie werden die Herausforderungen der Medienkonvergenz nicht angemessen bewältigt. Ausgehend von diesen Defiziten konzipiert die Autorin eine alternative Ausgestaltung des materiellen Anwendungsbereiches, die auf rechtsvergleichende Erkenntnisse der Medienregulierung in Großbritannien, Australien, Neuseeland und Deutschland zurückgreift und maßgeblich an die Meinungsbildungsrelevanz der Angebote anknüpft
    Abstract: audiovisuelle Mediendienste – europäisches Regulierungskonzept – Medienregulierung – Abgrenzungsprobleme – materieller Anwendungsbereich – Rechtsprechung zu Videos auf Webseiten der Presse – Regulierungsalternativen für hybride Online-Bewegtbildangebote – Meinungsbildungsrelevanz
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8956
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bussolo, Maurizio Political Connections and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Transition Countries
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines whether political connections ease financial constraints faced by firms. Using firm-level data from six Central and Eastern European economies, the paper shows that politically connected firms: (i) have high levels of leverage, (ii) have low levels of profitability, (iii) are less capitalized, (iv) have low marginal productivity of capital, and (v) do not invest more than unconnected firms. Next, the paper shows that connected firms borrow more because they have easier access to credit and that political connections lead to a misallocation of capital. The results are consistent with the idea that political connections distort capital allocation and may have welfare costs
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783161559921
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 364 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Jus Publicum Band 282
    Series Statement: Ius publicum
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hofmann, Claudia, 1977 - Jenseits von Gleichheit
    Dissertation note: Habilitationsschrift Universität Regensburg 2017
    DDC: 342.24085
    RVK:
    Keywords: NS-Beförderungspolitik ; Jus Publicum ; History of biblical interpretation ; Menschenrechte ; Sozialstaat ; Umverteilung ; soziale Ungleichheit ; Rechtsgleichheit ; Rechtsphilosophie ; Rechtstheorie ; Verfassungsrecht und Staatslehre ; Völkerrecht, Europarecht ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Rechtspolitik ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag ; Europäische Union ; Deutschland ; Rechtspolitik ; Soziale Gerechtigkeit ; Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag ; Europäische Union
    Abstract: Menschliches Zusammenleben ist geprägt durch Auseinandersetzungen um knappe Güter. Seien es materielle Ressourcen, politische Macht, soziale Anerkennung oder andere gesellschaftlich relevante Positionen: Die Frage nach ihrer gerechten Verteilung steht seit jeher im Zentrum philosophischer Diskurse, politischer Debatten und sozialer Konflikte. Welche Antworten haben im Recht ihren Niederschlag gefunden? Claudia Hofmann untersucht hierzu gleichheitsorientierte Maßnahmen im internationalen, europäischen und deutschen Recht. Diese Maßnahmen, so wird deutlich, zielen einerseits primär auf Rechts- und Chancengleichheit; substanzielle Gleichheit steht selten im Mittelpunkt. Andererseits generieren sie erneut Ungleichheiten. Dies wirft die Frage auf, wie man mit dieser möglicherweise nie endenden Gleichzeitigkeit von Gleichheit und Ungleichheit umgehen sollte.
    Abstract: Social inequality is one of the most pressing challenges of our times. So how does the law deal with the question of distributing scarce goods fairly? Claudia Hofmann's study of international, European, and German measures reveals that the focus is mainly on legal equality and equality of opportunity rather than substantial equality, which in turn generates further inequality. What can be done to break the seemingly never-ending cycle of equality and inequality?
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783658186395
    Language: German
    Series Statement: Springer Reference
    Series Statement: Springer eBook Collection
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Handbuch Genossenschaftswesen
    Keywords: Genossenschaft ; Genossenschaftsrecht ; Genossenschaftswissenschaft ; Deutschland ; Welt ; Industrial sociology ; Social work ; Economic sociology ; Social history ; Social policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Genossenschaftswesen
    Abstract: Einführung -- Disziplinäre Zugänge -- Methodologische Zugänge -- BWL der genossenschaftlichen Kooperativen -- Strukturen und Sektoren der genossenschaftlichen Praxis -- Verortungen der Genossenschaften in Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft / in der sozialen Marktwirtschaft -- Zukunftsszenarien.
    Abstract: Das Handbuch soll zeitgemäß die Grundlagen sowie die aktuellen Entwicklungen der Genossenschaftswissenschaft wie auch des Genossenschaftswesens aufbereiten. Es werden sowohl Methoden der Erkenntnisgewinnung dargestellt als auch verschiedene Forschungsrichtungen, die in Bezug auf Genossenschaften zur Anwendung kommen. Der Band zeigt die Besonderheiten des genossenschaftlichen Wirtschaftens auf und beruft sich dabei auf wissenschaftliche Konzeptionen und Ansätze, die aus der anwendungsorientierten Genossenschaftswissenschaft für die Probleme der Praxis konzipiert werden.
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    URL: Cover
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783161562044
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 481 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Jus publicum Band 281
    Series Statement: Mohr Siebeck eBooks
    Series Statement: Rechtswissenschaft
    Series Statement: Ius publicum
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Meinel, Florian, 1981 - Selbstorganisation des parlamentarischen Regierungssystems
    Dissertation note: Habilitationsschrift Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2017/2018
    DDC: 342.4305
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Jus Publicum ; Gadamer ; Parlamentarismus ; Regierung ; Gewaltenteilung ; Repräsentation ; Gesetzgebung ; Verfassungsrecht und Staatslehre ; Rechtsgeschichte ; 19.-21. Jahrhundert ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Parlamentarismus ; Regierung ; Selbstorganisation ; Staatsorganisationsrecht ; Parlamentarismus ; Selbstorganisation ; Verfassungsrecht
    Abstract: Das Staatsorganisationsrecht organisiert den Prozess politischer Willensbildung, sagt man. Doch die Staatsorgane organisieren sich auch fortwährend selbst, bestimmen dadurch ihr Verhältnis untereinander und erzeugen auf diese Weise zugleich wirkungsmächtige Selbstbeschreibungen. Das gilt insbesondere für das Zentrum der Verfassung, das parlamentarische Regierungssystem. Florian Meinel untersucht das Verfassungsrecht dieses Regierungssystems aus der indirekten Perspektive der oft als bloße Geschäftsordnungsautonomie missverstandenen parlamentarischen Selbstorganisation. Sie ist nie nur introvertierte Selbststeuerung des parlamentarischen Lebens, sondern immer auch Zugriff auf die parlamentarisch verantwortliche Regierung. Dies führt zurück zu höchst unterschiedlichen Begründungen jener Autonomie seit dem Revolutionszeitalter, demonstriert die Langlebigkeit spätkonstitutioneller Muster im deutschen Verständnis des Parlaments und weist voraus auf die Zukunftsfrage der parlamentarischen Regierungssysteme: ihre institutionelle Anpassungsfähigkeit.
    Abstract: The autonomy of legislatures to determine their rules of procedure seems to be a long-established pattern of modern constitutional law. But the normative foundations and legal implications of this principle vary greatly between the different constitutional traditions. Florian Meinel's seminal study traces these differences back to conflicting concepts of parliamentary representation.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783666571428
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (310 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz 129
    Series Statement: Beiheft
    Series Statement: Abteilung für Abendländische Religionsgeschichte
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Confessio im Konflikt
    DDC: 280.09031
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Bekenntnis ; Konfessionalität ; Selbstbild ; Fremdbild ; Geschichte 1500-1800 ; Deutschland ; Konfessionalisierung ; Interaktion ; Kommunikation ; Kirchliche Publizistik ; Geschichte 1600-1750
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  • 37
    ISBN: 9783658275112
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 365 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Medienkulturen im digitalen Zeitalter
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 303.483
    Keywords: Science and Technology Studies ; Media Sociology ; Privacy ; Technology—Sociological aspects ; Computer security ; Geschäftsmodell ; Open Data ; Digitalisierung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internetökonomie ; Informationsgesellschaft ; Deutschland ; Deutschland ; Informationsgesellschaft ; Internetökonomie ; Digitalisierung ; Geschäftsmodell ; Open Data ; Verbraucherschutz
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9783658276461
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 428 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Organization & Public Management
    Uniform Title: Der organisationale und institutionelle Wandel deutscher Universitätsverwaltungen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Kassel 2018
    DDC: 306.3
    RVK:
    Keywords: Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology ; Administration, Organization and Leadership ; Higher Education ; Education, Higher ; Hochschulverwaltung ; Organisationsforschung ; Universität ; Organigramm ; Hochschulreform ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Universität ; Hochschulverwaltung ; Hochschulreform ; Organigramm ; Organisationsforschung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9783658279714
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVIII, 360 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Sozialstrukturanalyse
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz 2017
    DDC: 305
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Family ; Social Policy ; Social policy ; Armut ; Kind ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Familie ; Sozialer Wandel ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Kind ; Armut ; Sozialer Wandel ; Deutschland ; Sozialer Wandel ; Familie ; Armut ; Soziale Ungleichheit
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658232870
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 129 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2., aktualisierte und überarbeitete Auflage
    Series Statement: Kunst- und Kulturmanagement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    Keywords: Cultural Management ; Management ; Evaluation ; Kulturelle Einrichtung ; Schweiz ; Deutschland ; Großbritannien ; Niederlande ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Großbritannien ; Schweiz ; Kulturelle Einrichtung ; Evaluation
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658266387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 297 p. 73 illus)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.85
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Family ; Social Policy ; Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging ; Social policy ; Sozialer Wandel ; Wohlfahrtsstaat ; Gender Mainstreaming ; Familienpolitik ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Familienstruktur ; Familie ; Soziale Situation ; Japan ; Deutschland ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Konferenzschrift ; Japan ; Deutschland ; Wohlfahrtsstaat ; Familienpolitik ; Familie ; Soziale Situation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Familienstruktur ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Gender Mainstreaming
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658268794
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 208 S. 22 Abb., 10 Abb. in Farbe)
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 305.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethnicity ; Intercultural communication ; Student ; Deutschlandbild ; Türkischer Student ; Türkeibild ; Deutscher Student ; Fremdbild ; Selbstbild ; Türkei ; Deutschland ; Electronic books. ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Türkischer Student ; Deutscher Student ; Türkeibild ; Fremdbild ; Selbstbild ; Türkei ; Student ; Deutschlandbild ; Fremdbild ; Selbstbild
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658275051
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 273 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.3
    Keywords: Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology ; Criminology and Criminal Justice, general ; Criminology ; Kollege ; Abweichendes Verhalten ; Polizei ; Alltag ; Teilnehmende Beobachtung ; Polizeibeamter ; Effizienz ; Organisationssoziologie ; Experteninterview ; Polizeiorganisation ; Dilemma ; Rechtfertigung ; Unterstützung ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Polizei ; Organisationssoziologie ; Teilnehmende Beobachtung ; Abweichendes Verhalten ; Dilemma ; Experteninterview ; Deutschland ; Polizeibeamter ; Alltag ; Abweichendes Verhalten ; Dilemma ; Rechtfertigung ; Polizeiorganisation ; Effizienz ; Kollege ; Unterstützung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9783658275235
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 307 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 2018
    DDC: 302.2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Communication Studies ; Political Communication ; Political communication ; Medien ; Fundamentalismus ; Islam ; Muslim ; Journalismus ; Propaganda ; Radikalisierung ; Deutschland ; Österreich ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Österreich ; Islam ; Fundamentalismus ; Radikalisierung ; Medien ; Österreich ; Deutschland ; Journalismus ; Propaganda ; Muslim ; Radikalisierung ; Islam ; Fundamentalismus
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9783658272166
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 220 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Sozialwissenschaften und Berufspraxis
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.8
    Keywords: Migration ; Social Policy ; Social Policy ; Social Work ; Sociology of Work ; Cultural Studies ; Migration ; Social policy ; Social work ; Industrial sociology ; Diskurs ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Soziale Integration ; Berufliche Integration ; Flüchtling ; Deutschland ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Flüchtling ; Berufliche Integration ; Soziale Integration ; Einwanderungspolitik ; Diskurs ; Deutschland
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9783658268060
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 311 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.36
    Keywords: Sociology of Work ; Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology ; Political Sociology ; Industrial sociology ; Political sociology ; Mindestlohn ; Kontrolle ; Deutschland ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Deutschland ; Mindestlohn ; Kontrolle
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9783658269746
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 503 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Kulturelle Figurationen: Artefakte, Praktiken, Fiktionen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Gießen
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sociology of Culture ; Social Structure, Social Inequality ; Knowledge - Discourse ; Women's Studies ; Culture ; Social structure ; Social inequality ; Sociology ; Women ; Armut ; Selbstbild ; Auswirkung ; Deutung ; Soziale Integration ; Ich-Identität ; Lebenslauf ; Frau ; Selbstdarstellung ; Deutschland ; USA ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Frau ; Armut ; Selbstdarstellung ; Ich-Identität ; Frau ; Lebenslauf ; Deutung ; Soziale Integration ; Auswirkung ; Ich-Identität ; Deutschland ; USA ; Frau ; Armut ; Ich-Identität ; Selbstbild
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    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Imprint: Springer VS
    ISBN: 9783658258290
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 138 S. 18 Abb., 8 Abb. in Farbe)
    Series Statement: Edition WÜRTH Chair of Cultural Production
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 306
    RVK:
    Keywords: Benutzerforschung ; Publikum ; Motivation ; Kulturelle Einrichtung ; Kulturmanagement ; Deutschland ; Deutschland ; Kulturelle Einrichtung ; Benutzerforschung ; Publikum ; Motivation ; Kulturmanagement
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9783658256982
    Language: German
    Pages: XIV, 272 Seiten , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Globale Gesellschaft und internationale Beziehungen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bauersachs, Hannah Wandlungsprozesse in der deutschen Auswärtigen Kulturpolitik
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität zu Köln 20185070 !1756131678!
    DDC: 306.0943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Public Diplomacy ; Soft Power ; Wandel ; Außenpolitik ; Normativität ; Außenwirtschaft ; Einflussgröße ; Politisches Interesse ; Fallstudie ; Aktionsplan ; Kampagne ; Politische Theorie ; Modell ; Empirische Sozialforschung ; Germany-Cultural policy ; Germany-Foreign relations ; International relations ; Electronic books ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Public Diplomacy ; Deutschlandjahr ; Deutschland ; Deutschlandjahr ; Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Public Diplomacy ; Spanien ; Auswärtige Kulturpolitik ; Deutschland
    Abstract: Intro -- Danksagung -- Inhalt -- Abbildungsverzeichnis -- Abkürzungsverzeichnis -- 1 Einleitung: Deutsche Auswärtige Kulturpolitik im Spannungsfeld zwischen alten Idealen und neuen Herausforderungen -- 1.1 Zielsetzung und These -- 1.2 Aufbau und Vorgehensweise -- 1.3 Stand der Forschung -- 1.4 Grundlegende Begrifflichkeiten und Abgrenzungen -- 1.4.1 Paradigmenwechsel -- 1.4.2 Kultur -- 1.4.3 Image -- Teil 1 Grundlagen in Theorie und Praxis -- 2 Theoretische Grundlagen -- 2.1 Soft Power -- 2.1.1 Soft Power und IB-Theorie -- 2.1.1.1 (Neo-)Realismus -- 2.1.1.2 Neoliberaler Institutionalismus -- 2.2 Public Diplomacy -- 2.2.1 Definition -- 2.2.2 Umsetzung von Public Diplomacy: Drei zentrale Konzepte im Vergleich -- 2.2.2.1 PR für Staaten (Michael Kunczik, 1989) -- 2.2.2.2 Dualistisches Modell (Benno Signitzer, 1995/1998) -- 2.2.2.3 Dreidimensionales Public Diplomacy-Modell (Mark Leonard/Joseph Nye, 2002/2004) -- 2.2.2.4 Public-Diplomacy-Modelle im Vergleich -- 2.2.3 Cultural Diplomacy -- 2.2.3.1 Cultural Diplomacy gleich Auswärtige Kulturpolitik? -- 2.3 Nation Branding -- 2.3.1 Abgrenzung und Definition -- 2.3.2 Competitive Identity -- 2.4 Exkurs: Marke Deutschland -- 2.5 Resümee: Theorien und Konzepte rund um die Deutschlandjahre -- 3 Deutsche Auswärtige Kulturpolitik -- 3.1 Historische Entwicklung: Vom Kaiserreich bis zur Wiedervereinigung -- 3.1.1 In den Kinderschuhen: Auswärtige Kulturpolitik im Kaiserreich (1871-1914) -- 3.1.2 Neue Sachlichkeit in der Weimarer Republik (1918-1933) -- 3.1.3 Kulturimperialismus und Propaganda: Auswärtige Kulturpolitik im Nationalsozialismus (1933-1945) -- 3.1.4 Auf zu neuen Ufern? Außenkulturpolitik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1945-1998) -- 3.2 Aktuelle Herausforderungen: Von der Konzeption 2000 bis zur Konzeption 2011 (1998-2012) -- 3.3 Struktur und Akteure -- 3.3.1 Bundesregierung und Bundestag.
    Note: Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 265-272
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9783658272227
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VI, 410 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Globale Gesellschaft und internationale Beziehungen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Köln 2019
    DDC: 303.625
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Terrorism and Political Violence ; International Security Studies ; Conflict Studies ; Terrorism ; Security, International ; Peace ; Islam ; Jugend ; Fundamentalismus ; Radikalisierung ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Deutschland ; Islam ; Fundamentalismus ; Jugend ; Radikalisierung
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9783658219994
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 307 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Blickpunkt Gesellschaft
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Einstellungen und Verhalten der deutschen Bevölkerung
    DDC: 303.380943
    RVK:
    Keywords: Soziale Werte ; Religion ; Wahlverhalten ; Bildungsverhalten ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Einkommensverteilung ; Messung ; Deutschland ; Social surveys-Germany ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Umfrage ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Umfrage ; Deutschland ; Religiöses Bewusstsein ; Politische Einstellung ; Sozialer Wandel ; ALLBUS ; Geschichte 1980-2012
    Abstract: Intro -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Herausgeber- und Autorenverzeichnis -- Einleitung: ALLBUS, IEDI und die Wiederaufnahme der Reihe „Blickpunkt Gesellschaft" -- Zusammenfassung -- Literatur -- Verschwimmende Grenzen? Christliche und alternative Religiosität in Deutschland zwischen 2002 und 2012 -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Untersuchungsplan -- 1.1 Konzepte -- 1.2 Entwicklungshypothesen -- 1.3 Zusammenhangshypothesen -- 1.4 Daten -- 2 Ergebnisse -- 2.1 Gesamtbevölkerung: Entwicklungen und Verteilungen -- 2.2 Alterskohorten: Entwicklungen -- 2.3 Zusammenhangshypothesen -- 2.4 Regressionen -- 3 Schluss: Alternative als neue Religionen? -- Literatur -- Zu Verbreitung und sozialen Einflussfaktoren von Paraglaube in West- und Ostdeutschland 2002-2012. Empirische Analysen von ALLBUS-Daten -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Paraglaube: Begriffe und Forschungsstand -- 2.1 Begriffe -- 2.2 Forschungsstand und Orientierungshypothesen -- 3 Paraglaube im ALLBUS und methodisches Vorgehen -- 4 Struktur und Verbreitung von Paraglaube in Deutschland -- 5 Determinanten von Paraglaube im West-Ost- und Zeitvergleich -- 6 Fazit -- Anhang -- Literatur -- „Nun sag, wie hast du's mit der Religion?" - eine Mixed-Methods-Untersuchung verschiedener Items zu religiösen Überzeugungen im ALLBUS 2012 -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einführung -- 2 Skalen zur Messung religiöser Überzeugungen im ALLBUS -- 3 Mixed-Methods-Designs zur Untersuchung der Validität von Fragebogenitems und -skalen -- 4 Quantitative Befunde: Antwortverhalten in Teilgruppen mit unterschiedlicher religiöser Praxis -- 5 Qualitative Befunde -- 5.1 Erhebungsmethode und Fallauswahl -- 5.2 Qualitative Befunde -- 6 Fazit -- Literatur -- Konfessionslose - Kirchenfern, indifferent, religionslos oder atheistisch? -- Zusammenfassung -- 1 Einleitung - das Problem mit den Konfessionslosen.
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Energy and Extractives Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8969
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Usman, Zainab Lessons from Power Sector Reforms: The Case of Morocco
    Keywords: electric utility ; energy access ; institutions ; liberalization ; Morocco ; power generation ; power sector reforms ; regulation ; renewable energy ; unbundling ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Morocco charted its own distinctive path of power sector reform. It selectively introduced private sector participation for generation capacity expansion and electricity distribution, while retaining a strong, state-owned and vertically-integrated national power utility operating as a single buyer at the core of the sector. Until recently, the country eschewed an independent regulatory entity. The power sector has been guided by strong top-down policy mandates that have served to align the disparate actions of political parties and sector institutions. Ambitious targets for electricity access, liberalization, and renewable energy investments were conceived as an integrated approach to contribute to economic development by relieving fiscal pressures, reducing external dependence on fossil fuels, and positioning the country as a regional leader in renewable energy. The results have been impressive. Since 1990, Morocco has more than tripled its power supply, while growing renewable energy to account for one-third of the total and relying on the private sector to supply just over half of the electricity generated. Rural electrification has accelerated rapidly from 18 percent in 1995 to virtually 100 percent in 2017. While operational efficiency has been broadly adequate, performance has fluctuated over time. Moreover, the sector's achievements through this selective approach to reform have come somewhat at the expense of the financial viability of the incumbent utility, the National Office for Electricity and Water (ONEE), which has suffered from lack of cost-reflective tariff-setting and an array of entrenched cross-subsidies. Other vulnerabilities include the continued but declining dependence on electricity imports, external price volatilities of imported fossil fuels, and a territorialized electricity distribution model that could be disrupted by grid integration of renewable energy
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8952
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ornelas, Jose Renato Haas Locking-In Firms: Loan Conditions in the Presence of Government-Driven Credit
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies loan conditions in a context where private banks can operate in two credit markets: a free-market with no government intervention and an earmarked market that relies on government funds and where interest rates are regulated. The paper examines the effects of earmarked lending on the spreads of free-market loans using a rich loan-level dataset on all Brazilian firms between 2005 and 2016. The evidence suggests that private banks strategically channel earmarked credit to firms that are ex ante more difficult to lock-in in the free-market-larger firms in more contested regions. The paper highlights a novel channel whereby earmarked credit is used by private banks to extract more rents. Once a firm receives an earmarked credit from its bank, its interest rates on new loans in the free-market increase while the loan volume remains mostly unaffected
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (289 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tereshina, Daria, 1983 - Managing firms and families
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg 2019
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Graue Literatur ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Auf der Basis einer ethnographischen Studie über private Kleinbetriebe in Smolensk untersucht die Dissertation die moralischen Dimensionen des russischen Kleinkapitalismus. Die moralischen Orientierungen von Geschäftsleuten werden mit den Veränderungen der lokalen und globalen politökonomischen Restrukturierungsprozesse in Bezug gesetzt. Es wird untersucht, wie veränderte Vorstellungen vom Individuum, des Verständnisses von moralischer Verantwortung und Verpflichtung sowie Auffassungen von Arbeit und Leistung im heutigen Russland mit dem Produktionsprozess und dem Kampf um soziale Reproduktion verbunden sind. Es wird argumentiert, dass die moralischen Orientierungen russischer Kleinunternehmer viele unterschiedliche und konfligierende Werte enthalten. Die komplexen Muster des konkreten wirtschaftlichen Verhaltens werden als Antwort auf den durch den Kapitalismus geschaffenen Druck auf die lokalen und globalen Verhältnisse interpretiert. Auf diese Weise können postsozialistische Entwicklungen in größere Prozesse der Akkumulation und Ausbreitung von Kapital eingeordnet werden.
    Abstract: Drawing on an ethnographic enquiry into the small-scale private sector in the city of Smolensk, this dissertation investigates the moral dimensions of Russian petty capitalism. It situates the moral frameworks of businesspeople within the broader dynamics of local and global politico-economic restructurings by examining how changing ideas of personhood, understandings of moral responsibilities and obligations, and conceptions of work and labour are entangled in circuits of production and struggles for reproduction in present-day Russia. The dissertation argues that the moral frameworks of Russian entrepreneurs incorporate multiple discrete and conflicting values. It views such complexities in actual economic behaviour as responses to the local and global pressures that are generated by capitalism, thereby helping us to incorporate post-socialist developments into the larger processes of expansion and the accumulation of capital.
    Abstract: Russland, Postsozialismus, Kleinbetriebe, Unternehmertum, Moral, Ethik, Schattenwirtschaft, Familienunternehmentum, soziale Reproduktion
    Abstract: Russia, postsocialism, small businesses, entrepreneurialism, morality, ethics, informal economy, family capitalism, social reproduction
    Note: Tag der Verteidigung: 16.12.2019
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8704
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hamilton, Kirk E Natural Resources and Total Factor Productivity Growth in Developing Countries: Testing A New Methodology
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Estimates of total factor productivity growth, a measure of increases in the efficiency of production, have traditionally been based on a two-factor model of labor and fixed capital. Because profits are measured residually in the System of National Accounts, they implicitly include rents on natural resource exploitation, with the result that the contribution of fixed capital to growth in the inputs to gross domestic product is misstated, particularly in resource dependent developing countries. This leads to incorrect measures of total factor productivity growth. Using data on natural resources from the World Bank's Wealth of Nations database and methods combining the Solow growth accounting model with recent work at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, this paper makes new estimates of total factor productivity growth for 74 developing countries over 1996-2014. In the aggregate, including natural resources as a factor of production increases estimated total factor productivity growth across all country income classes and regions of the world when compared with the traditional two-factor approach. In addition, the estimated total factor productivity growth including natural resources is less volatile over time in the great majority of countries compared with the traditional approach. The availability of World Bank data on natural resource quantities and rents for a wide range of countries suggests that natural resources should be included in total factor productivity growth estimation going forward. Further research could focus on the distinctive roles played by different natural resource endowments
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8724
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Laborde, David Poverty Impact of Food Price Shocks and Policies
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the event of large swings in world food prices, countries often intervene to dampen the impact of international food price spikes on domestic prices and to lessen the burden of adjustment on vulnerable population groups. While individual countries can succeed at insulating their domestic markets from short-term fluctuations in global food prices, the collective intervention of many countries may exacerbate the volatility of world prices. Insulating policies introduced during the 2010-11 food price spike may have accounted for 40 percent of the increase in the world price of wheat and one-quarter of the increase in the world price of maize. Combined with government policy responses, the 2010-11 food price spike tipped 8.3 million people (nearly 1 percent of the world's poor) into poverty
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8728
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cangoz, Mehmet Coskun A Joint Foreign Currency Risk Management Approach for Sovereign Assets and Liabilities
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: An asset and liability management framework for managing risks arising from sovereign foreign exchange obligations requires a joint analysis of (i) the external financial liabilities resulting from a country's sovereign debt and (ii) the foreign exchange assets of its central bank. Governments often issue sizable amounts of debt denominated in foreign currencies, subjecting their fiscal positions to foreign exchange volatilities. Prudent management of a sovereign's foreign exchange position under an asset and liability management framework enables governments to mitigate risks at the lowest possible cost, hence increasing resilience to external shocks. Based on the challenges associated with the implementation of an asset and liability management framework, this study recommends a practical approach that includes analysis of the foreign exchange positions of central bank reserves and central government debt portfolios and optimization of the net position. The proposed model is tested, using the foreign exchange reserve and external debt data of seven countries (Albania, Ghana, FYR Macedonia, South Africa, the Republic of Korea, Tunisia, and Uruguay). The paper employs quantitative methods to explore the impact of an overarching asset and liability management strategy and integrated approach on the efficient management of foreign exchange risk. It provides policy recommendations on ways to minimize the risk of foreign exchange mismatches and increase the return on foreign exchange reserves
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Africa Region, Gender Innovation Lab
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 9 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8732
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Koroknay-Palicz, Tricia Sex, Lies, And Surveys: The Role of Interviewer Characteristics
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines how easily observable interviewer characteristics, such as gender and physical attractiveness, and more difficult to observe characteristics, such as attitudes and beliefs, affect adolescent girls' disclosure of sexual behavior during a baseline survey for an adolescent girls program in Liberia. The study finds that girls are more likely to report sexual activity to better-looking interviewers, and less likely to do so to interviewers holding more discriminatory gender attitudes and greater expectations about
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8703
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bachmair, Fritz Florian Managing South Africa's Exposure to Eskom: How to Evaluate the Credit Risk from the Sovereign Guarantees?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The South African government offers various support mechanisms to support Eskom, the state-owned electric utility, and the independent power producers in providing low-cost electricity, including credit and payment guarantees. Guarantees constitute contingent liabilities to the government and pose risks to government finances. This note illustrates the methodologies explored by South Africa to assess the credit risk from guarantees extended to Eskom. To manage and closely monitor this risk, a dedicated Credit Risk directorate in the Asset and Liability Management division at the National Treasury of South Africa has implemented a risk assessment and management framework, supported by the World Bank Treasury. The team developed a sector-specific internal credit rating methodology to assess Eskom's creditworthiness. Additionally, the team developed a scenario analysis methodology to assess Eskom's ability to service debt from cash flows and cash reserves. The scenario analysis tool is currently used on an ad hoc basis to feed into the various scenarios that are considered for the budget process. Risk assessments are reported to the Fiscal Liabilities Committee on a quarterly basis for risk monitoring and to support recommendations for taking on new contingent liabilities, such as government guarantees. The Fiscal Liabilities Committee advises the minister of finance and is responsible for the determination of the processes and policies for approving guarantees and guarantee-like transactions. The Fiscal Liabilities Committee is generally mandated to promote the optimum management of the government's contingent liabilities, including guarantees. The implementation of further risk mitigation and monitoring tools, such as risk-based guarantee fees, budget allocations, and a contingency reserve account, is under discussion
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 66 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8707
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alix-Garcia, Jennifer M Can Environmental Cash Transfers Reduce Deforestation and Improve Social Outcomes? A Regression Discontinuity Analysis of Mexico's National Program (2011-2014)
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Environmental conditional cash transfers, or "payments for ecosystem services" are a centerpiece of global efforts to protect biodiversity, safeguard watersheds, and mitigate climate change by reducing forest loss. This paper evaluates the impacts of Mexico's national payments for ecosystem services program, which provides five years of payments to landowners in exchange for maintaining and managing natural land cover. Using a regression discontinuity design, the paper studies impacts on environmental, socioeconomic, and social capital outcomes for the 2011-14 program cohorts. The analysis finds that treated communities increased management activities to protect land cover, such as patrolling for illegal conversion or combatting soil erosion (by 48 percent compared to controls). The program reduced the loss of tree cover in areas at high risk of deforestation (by 29 percent compared to controls), with effects being larger for those that have been in the program the longest (38 percent compared to controls). These results are similar to estimates of impact for earlier program cohorts and continue to highlight the importance of targeting the program to areas of high risk of land cover loss to increase environmental effectiveness. The program continued to reach poor communities and households, but estimated impacts on household wealth indicators are small in magnitude and not statistically significant. These results indicate that community-level conditional payments did not harm household-level socioeconomic indicators, a key safeguard requirement of conservation policies of the United Nations Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. The data also show that payments for ecosystem services significantly increased community social capital-the institutions, attitudes, and values that govern human interactions-(by 9 percent compared to controls), and these externally provided incentives did not crowd out household contributions to other community work
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8710
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Selod, Harris Highway Politics in a Divided Government: Evidence from Mexico
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper combines local election results and geo-referenced road construction data over 1993-2012 to investigate political bias in road infrastructure investment in a democratic setting, focusing on the case of Mexico. Using a regression discontinuity design, the paper finds strong evidence of partisan allocation of federally-funded highways to municipalities that voted for the president's party in legislative races, nearly doubling the stock of highways compared to opposition municipalities. The extent of political favoritism in highway provision is stronger under divided government when the president has no majority in the legislature, suggesting political efforts to control the Congress
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8715
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad Paid Maternity Leave and Female Employment: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The relationship between the length of paid maternity leave and the proportion of female workers in the private sector is explored using firm-level survey data for 66 mostly developing countries. The paper finds a large, positive, and statistically significant relationship between the two. According to the most conservative estimate, an increase of one week of paid maternity leave is associated with a 2.6 percentage points increase in the share of workers in a typical firm that are female. As expected, the stated relationship is much larger when the government pays for maternity leave versus the employer. The results are robust to several controls for firm and country characteristics and other possible heterogeneities in the maternity leave and female workers relationship
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8718
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Losos, Elizabeth Claire Reducing Environmental Risks from Belt and Road Initiative Investments in Transportation Infrastructure
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Belt and Road Initiative, due to its diverse and extensive infrastructure investments, poses a wide range of environmental risks. Some projects have easily identifiable and measurable impacts, such as energy projects' greenhouse gas emissions. Others, such as transportation infrastructure, due to their vast geographic reach, generate more complex and potentially more extensive environmental risks. The proposed Belt and Road Initiative rail and road investments have stimulated concerns because of the history of significant negative environmental impacts from large-scale transportation projects across the globe. This paper studies environmental risks-direct and indirect-from Belt and Road Initiative transportation projects and the mitigation strategies and policies to address them. The paper concludes with a recommendation on how to take advantage of the scale of the Belt and Road Initiative to address these concerns in a way not typically available to stand-alone projects. In short, this scale motivates and permits early integrated development and conservation planning
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8722
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Pape, Utz Johann Estimating Poverty in a Fragile Context: The High Frequency Survey in South Sudan
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The High Frequency South Sudan Survey, implemented by the South Sudan National Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the World Bank, conducted several waves of representative surveys across seven of the ten former states between 2015 and 2017. These surveys provided a long overdue update to poverty numbers in South Sudan, with the previous national poverty estimates dating as far back as 2009. The escalation and expansion of the civil conflict posed severe challenges to the planning and implementation of fieldwork. The surveys therefore capitalized on several technological and methodological innovations to establish a reliable system of data collection and obtain valid poverty estimates. Focusing on the 2016 urban-rural wave, this paper describes the design and analysis of the survey to arrive at reliable poverty estimates for South Sudan, utilizing the Rapid Consumption Methodology combined with geo-spatial data for inaccessible survey areas
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8726
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rudolph, Heinz P Pension Funds with Automatic Enrollment Schemes: Lessons for Emerging Economies
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Since the introduction of the KiwiSaver scheme in New Zealand in 2006, several countries have implemented, or are in the process of implementing, voluntary funded pension systems with automatic enrollment features. Since most of the literature has focused on countries with the common law tradition, including the United Kingdom and the United States, this note analyzes cases of countries with the civil code tradition, including Turkey, Poland, the Russian Federation, Chile, Brazil, and the Province of Quebec in Canada. This sample includes mostly emerging economies, with reforms at different stages, from those that have already been completed to those that are about to start discussions in their parliaments. Although they are not a substitute for necessary parametric reforms, automatic enrollment schemes offer the possibility of improvements in future retirement income for a significant part of the labor force. This note stresses that the paternalistic approach of automatic enrollment schemes imposes a great degree of responsibility on governments and requires careful consideration of the design of the system, including the industrial organization of the pension fund industry and default investment strategies. Sufficient time and resources for preparing communication and educational campaigns has played a key role in achieving high rates of participation
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8730
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fay, Marianne Hitting the Trillion Mark: A Look at How Much Countries Are Spending on Infrastructure
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper provides the first consistently estimated data set on infrastructure investments in low- and middle-income countries. To do so, the authors identify three possible proxies for infrastructure investments: two are variants on gross fixed capital formation from national accounts system data following ADB (2017) and one is based on fiscal data from the World Bank's BOOST database. Two of these proxies rely on the World Bank's Private Participation in Infrastructure database to capture the private share of infrastructure investments. Given the limitations of each of these proxies, the authors employ several transformations to derive a lower-bound estimate for infrastructure investments in low-and middle-income countries of 3.40 percent of their gross domestic product, a central estimate of around 4 percent, and an upper-bound estimate of 5 percent for 2011. Corresponding absolute amounts are USD 0.82 trillion, USD 1.00 trillion, and USD 1.21 trillion, respectively with East Asia and the Pacific accounting for 55 percent of infrastructure investments and Africa 4 percent. The public sector largely dominates infrastructure spending, accounting for 87-91 percent of infrastructure investments, but with wide variation across regions, from a low of 53-64 percent in South Asia to a high of 98 percent in East Asia. Given the absence of fiscal or national accounts data capturing investments in infrastructure, these estimates are likely to be the best available in the near future. Nevertheless, the authors propose some possible avenues for future improvements (including an update when 2017 data are made available by the International Comparison Project), building on the excellent collaboration of multilateral development banks around this issue
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8734
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Khemani, Stuti What Is State Capacity?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Reform leaders who want to pursue technically sound policies are confronted with the problem of getting myriad government agencies, staffed by thousands of bureaucrats and state personnel, to deliver. This paper provides a framework for thinking about the problem as a series of interdependent principal-agent relationships in complex organizations, where one type of actor, the agent, takes actions on behalf of another, the principal. Using this framework to review and forge connections across a large literature, the paper shows how the crux of state capacity is the culture of bureaucracies-the incentives, beliefs and expectations, or norms, shared among state personnel about how others are behaving. Although this characterization might apply generally to any complex organization, what distinguishes agencies of the state is the fundamental role of politics-the processes by which the leaders who exercise power over bureaucracies, starting from the lowest village levels, are selected and sanctioned. Politics shapes not only the incentives of state personnel, but perhaps more importantly, it coordinates their beliefs and expectations, and thereby the performance of government agencies. Recognizing these roles of politics, the paper offers insights for what reform leaders can do to strengthen state capacity for public goods
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8738
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ha, Jongrim Inflation: Concepts, Evolution, and Correlates
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the past four to five decades, inflation has fallen around the world, with median annual global consumer price inflation down from a peak of 16.6 percent in 1974 to 2.6 percent in 2017. This decline began in advanced economies in the mid-1980s and in emerging market and developing economies in the mid-1990s. By 2000, global inflation had stabilized at historically low levels. Lower inflation has been accompanied by reduced inflation volatility, especially in advanced economies. This improvement in inflation outcomes has stemmed in large part from structural economic changes, including improved monetary and fiscal policy frameworks as well as international trade and financial liberalization. Lower and more stable inflation has often been associated with better growth and development outcomes, partly by reducing uncertainty, fostering a more efficient allocation of resources, and helping preserve financial stability
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice & Development Economics, Office of the Chief Economist
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8742
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Angrist, Noam Measuring Human Capital
    Keywords: 2000-2017 ; Humankapital ; Messung ; Lernen ; Schule ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Welt ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Students around the world are going to school but are not learning-an emerging gap in human capital formation. To understand this gap, this paper introduces a new data set measuring learning in 164 countries and territories. The data cover 98 percent of the world's population from 2000 to 2017. The data set will be publicly available and updated annually by the World Bank. The paper presents several stylized facts in a first application of the data: (a) although enrollment has increased worldwide, learning has stagnated; (b) girls outperform boys on learning-a positive gender gap-in contrast to a negative gender gap observed for schooling; (c) learning is associated with growth on a global scale; (d) associations with growth are heterogenous; and (e) human capital accounts for up to a third of cross-country income differences-a middle ground in the recent development accounting literature. These stylized facts demonstrate the potential of the data to reveal new insights into the relationship between human capital and economic development
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8744
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Palazzo, Amanda Investment Needs for Irrigation Infrastructure along Different Socioeconomic Pathways
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper conducts an assessment of the global costs for expanding, upgrading, and improving irrigation infrastructure in developing countries, along different future scenarios toward 2050. It uses the GLobal BIOsphere Management Model, a partial equilibrium model of the global agricultural and forestry sectors. It examines the impacts of irrigation expansion on the agriculture and food system, from the perspective of different Sustainable Development Goals, in particular food security (goal 2), land use change and biodiversity (goal 15), greenhouse gas emissions (goal 13), and sustainable water use (goal 6). It finds that irrigation support policies improve food security globally and can reduce the burden on land by limiting expansion of cropland area. However, the effectiveness of irrigation to achieve a larger set of goals depends on the regional context. In South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa, the expansion of irrigation increases unsustainable water extraction practices. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the uncertainty of the infrastructure costs and impacts under different socioeconomic developments, levels of radiative forcing and climate change scenarios, dietary patterns, trade openness, and efficiencies of irrigation systems. The findings indicate that irrigation systems could play an important role in adaptation to the most adverse climate change; however, increased water scarcity may also limit adaptation potentials
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8787
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fernandez Lafuerza, Luis Gonzalo Swept by the Tide? The International Comovement of Capital Flows
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses the international comovement of gross capital flows in a setting simultaneously encompassing aggregate inflows and outflows. It uses as empirical framework a multilevel latent factor model, implemented on flow data for a large sample of countries over more than three decades. On average, common shocks account for over 40 percent of the variance of both inflows and outflows, although with major differences between advanced countries and the rest. Among the former, global and group shocks dominate capital flows, and the same shocks drive gross inflows and outflows. Among the latter countries, idiosyncratic shocks tend to play the leading role, and gross inflows exhibit less commonality with outflows. The latent factors configure an international financial cycle that closely tracks the trends in a handful of global 'push' variables. Recursive estimation of the factor model reveals a rising trend in the exposure of countries' flows to the international cycle-especially for advanced economies-up to the global financial crisis. Exposure to the cycle is robustly related to countries' external financial openness and the (lack of) flexibility of their exchange rate regime
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8753
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fernandes, Ana Margarida Are Trade Preferences a Panacea? The African Growth and Opportunity Act and African Exports
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Does "infant industry" preferential access durably boost export performance? This paper exploits significant trade policy changes in the United States around the turn of the 21st century to address this question. The expansion of Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) products for less developed countries in 1997 and the implementation of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) in 2001 is used to assess whether preferential access boosts exports of eligible products in general and apparel specifically. The phase-out of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) in 2005 is used to assess whether any expansion in apparel exports survived the erosion of preferences. To find a causal impact of these changes on exports to the United States from a given beneficiary country, the analysis uses a triple-differences regression and 26 years of newly constructed trade and tariff data at the country-product-year level (1992-2017). The analysis finds that the AGOA boosted African apparel exports, and the expansion of the GSP increased African exports of other eligible products. While the marginal impacts on African apparel exports grew sharply in the first years of AGOA, the impacts leveled off after 2005, when the end of the MFA quotas unleashed competition from Asian countries. The illusion of sustained African apparel exports is created by three late-bloomers in East Africa offsetting the boom-bust pattern in Southern Africa and the never-significant response in Central and Western Africa. Firm-level customs data for selected countries reveal that even in East Africa, the recent export growth was driven by new entrants rather than by incumbent firms whose competitiveness might have been nurtured by the big preference margins during the early AGOA period. Understanding the heterogeneous response to trade preferences remains a challenge. However, preliminary evidence suggests that preferential access per se was not sufficient but needed to be complemented by specific domestic reforms: tariff liberalization, reduced regulatory burden, enhanced connectivity, and competitive exchange rates
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8759
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gatzinsi, Justine How Household Characteristics Shape Program Access and Asset Accumulation: A Mixed Method Analysis of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme in Rwanda
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper assesses how household context and characteristics shape the welfare trajectory and more specifically the accumulation of productive assets among beneficiaries of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme in Rwanda, the government's flagship social assistance program. The analysis is based on a unique data set combining panel household survey data with in-depth qualitative interviews of a subsample of male and female beneficiaries from the survey data collected between 2009 and 2015. By combining quantitative and qualitative information, the paper draws a more nuanced picture of how household characteristics-structural and temporal-contextualize opportunities for poor men and women and their households and shape how well they can leverage access to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme to accumulate productive assets. The mixed method analysis reveals that household composition, gender power dynamics, disability, care responsibilities, marital arrangements, intrahousehold communication, and access to other social programs and institutions play a crucial role in access to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme and related asset accumulation. The findings suggest that households would benefit from a broader definition of the eligibility criteria and the availability of flexible and complementary programming, to reap the benefits of the income transfer received from the program
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Agriculture Global Practice, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice & South Asia Region
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8766
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dizon, Felipe Jr Fadullon The Nutrition Sensitivity of Food and Agriculture in South Asia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Through a review of the literature, this paper examines the links of food and agriculture with nutrition in South Asia, a region characterized by a high level of malnutrition. The review finds that the level and stability of food prices play a critical part in food consumption, with rising prices affecting poor households the most. Although public food transfer programs are aimed at addressing this, most are too small to have a marked effect in protecting or promoting nutrition. Several supply-side food and agricultural interventions suggest promise in improving nutrition, although their effects have yet to be well identified. These include the cultivation of home gardens, animal farming, and use of biofortification and post-harvest fortification. All these efforts will be futile, however, without parallel efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8729
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Joseph, George Why Do So Many Water Points Fail in Tanzania? An Empirical Analysis of Contributing Factors
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: According to the 2015 Tanzania Water Point Mapping data, about 29 percent of all water points are non-functional, out of which 20 percent failed within the first year. This paper analyzes the various factors which impact water point failure and measures the relative contributions of these determinants. The results indicate that water points managed by village committees had a much higher likelihood of failure than those managed by private operators or water authority. Factors that cannot be modified such as hydrogeological factors play a major role in determining water points failure during the first year after installation. However, management type as well as the type of pump and technology matter considerably more in the short and medium term
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8733
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Knauer, Heather Ashley Enhancing Young Children's Language Acquisition through Parent-Child Book-Sharing: A Randomized Trial in Rural Kenya
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Worldwide, 250 million children under five (43 percent) are not meeting their developmental potential because they lack adequate nutrition and cognitive stimulation in early childhood. Several parent support programs have shown significant benefits for children's development, but the programs are often expensive and resource intensive. The objective of this study was to test several variants of a potentially scalable, cost-effective intervention to increase cognitive stimulation by parents and improve emergent literacy skills in children. The intervention was a modified dialogic reading training program that used culturally and linguistically appropriate books adapted for a low-literacy population. The study used a cluster randomized controlled trial with four intervention arms and one control arm in a sample of caregivers (n
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8737
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blimpo, Moussa Pouguinimpo Improving Access and Quality in Early Childhood Development Programs: Experimental Evidence from the Gambia
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuung ; Dienstleistungsqualität ; Kognition ; Feldforschung ; Gambia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Early childhood experiences lay the foundation for outcomes later in life. Policy makers in developing countries face a dual challenge of promoting access to and quality of early childhood development services, but evidence on how to manage this trade-off is scarce. This paper studies two experiments of early childhood development programs in The Gambia: one increasing access to services, and another improving service quality. In the first experiment, new community-based early childhood development centers were introduced to randomly chosen villages that had no preexisting, structured early childhood development services. In the second experiment, a randomly assigned subset of existing early childhood development centers received intensive provider training. The analysis finds no evidence that either intervention improved average levels of child development. Exploratory analysis suggests that the first experiment, which increased access to relatively low-quality early childhood development services, led to declines in child development among children from less disadvantaged households. The evidence supports that these households may have been steered away from better quality early childhood settings in their homes. Comparisons of observationally similar children across experiments reveal that existing early childhood development centers increased language skills by 0.4 standard deviation relative to the community-based alternative, reflecting differences in program quality
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice & Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8741
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artuc, Erhan Does Automation in Rich Countries Hurt Developing Ones? Evidence from the U.S. and Mexico
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Following a couple of decades of offshoring, the fear today is of reshoring. Using administrative data on Mexican exports by municipality, sector and destination from 2004 to 2014, this paper investigates how local labor markets in Mexico that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show that an increase of one robot per thousand workers in the U.S.-about twice the increase observed between 2004-2014-lowers growth in exports per worker from Mexico to the U.S. by 6.7 percent. Higher exposure to U.S. automation did not affect wage employment, nor manufacturing wage employment overall. Yet, the latter is the result of two counteracting forces. Exposure to U.S. automation reduced manufacturing wage employment in areas where occupations were initially more susceptible to being automated; but exposure increased manufacturing wage employment in other areas. Finally, the analysis also finds negative impacts of exposure to local automation on local labor market outcomes
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  • 79
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8745
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nicholls, Robert John Global Investment Costs for Coastal Defense through the 21st Century
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Sea-level rise threatens low-lying areas around the world's coasts with increased coastal flooding during storms. One response to this challenge is to build or upgrade coastal flood defenses. This report examines the potential investment costs of such an adaptation strategy applied globally over the 21st century for sea-level rise scenarios consistent with three Representative Concentration Pathways and 3 Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. For all the protection models considered, much less than half of the world's coast is protected. The total defense costs are significantly higher than earlier estimates, amounting to as much as USD 18.3 trillion. With cost-benefit analysis, there are large uncertainties and empirical observations of protection standards are limited. Hence, the estimates should be considered as indicative, and this remains an important topic for future research. Further, building defenses is not a one-off capital investment. Over the 21st century, the cost of a comprehensive protection strategy is dominated by maintenance costs in all the cases considered in this report. This indicates that in addition to capital investment, the development of appropriate institutions and governance mechanisms to deliver maintenance, as well as the necessary funding streams, are essential for such a protection-based adaptation strategy to be effective
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8829
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mattoo, Aaditya Trade Wars: What do they Mean? Why are they Happening now? What are the costs?
    Keywords: Außenwirtschaftspolitik ; Strategische Handelspolitik ; Handelskonflikt ; Verhandlungen ; Handelsabkommen ; USA ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How should economists interpret current trade wars and the recent U.S. trade actions that have initiated them? This paper offers an interpretation of current U.S. trade actions that is at once more charitable and less forgiving than that typically offered by economic commentators. More charitable, because under this interpretation it is possible to see a logic to these actions: the United States is initiating a change from "rules-based" to "power-based" tariff bargaining and is selecting countries with which it runs bilateral trade deficits as the most suitable targets of its bargaining tariffs. Less forgiving, because the main costs of these trade tactics cannot be avoided even if they happen to "work" and deliver lower tariffs. Rather, the paper shows that the main costs will arise from the use of the tactics themselves, and from the damage done by those tactics to the rules-based multilateral trading system and the longer-term interests of the United States and the rest of the world
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Education Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8789
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony Returns to Investment in Education: The Case of Turkey
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Turkey, using the 2017 Household Labor Force Survey and alternative methodologies. The analysis uses the 1997 education reform of increasing compulsory education by three years as an instrument. This results in a private rate of return on the order of 16 percent for higher education and a social return of 10 percent. Using the number of children younger than age 15 in the household as an exclusion restriction, the analysis finds that returns to education for females are higher than those for males. Contrary to many findings in other countries, private returns to those working in the public sector are higher than those in the private sector, and private returns to those who followed the vocational track in secondary education are higher than those in the general academic track. The paper discusses the policy implications of the findings
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8758
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lo Bello, Salvatore From Ghana to America: The Skill Content of Jobs and Economic Development
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: There is a growing body of literature exploring the skill content of jobs. This paper contributes to this research by using data on the task content of occupations in developing countries, instead of U.S. data, as most existing studies do. The paper finds that indexes based on U.S. data do not provide a fair approximation of the levels, changes, and drivers of the routine cognitive and nonroutine manual skill content of jobs in developing countries. The paper also uncovers three new stylized facts. First, while developed countries tend to have jobs more intensive in nonroutine cognitive skills than developing countries, income (in growth and levels) is not associated with the skill content of jobs once the analysis accounts for other factors. Second, although adoption of information and communications technology is linked to job de-routinization, international trade is an offsetting force. Last, adoption of information and communications technology is correlated with lower employment growth in countries with a high share of occupations that are intensive in routine tasks
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8797
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Touchton, Michael Ryan Of Governance and Revenue: Participatory Institutions and Tax Compliance in Brazil
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Traditionally, governments seek to mobilize tax revenues by expanding their enforcement of existing tax regimes and facilitating tax payments. However, enforcement and facilitation can be costly and produce diminishing marginal returns if citizens are unwilling to pay their taxes. This paper addresses gaps in knowledge about tax compliance, by asking a basic question: what explains why citizens and businesses comply with tax rules? To answer this question, the paper shows how the voluntary adoption of two different types of participatory governance institutions influences municipal tax collection in Brazil. Municipalities that voluntarily adopt participatory institutions collect significantly higher levels of taxes than similar municipalities without these institutions. The paper provides evidence that moves scholarship on tax compliance beyond enforcement and facilitation paradigms, while offering a better assessment of the role of local democratic institutions for government performance and tax compliance
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Water Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8846
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Augsburg, Britta Can Micro-Credit Support Public Health Subsidy Programs?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The low take-up of cost-effective and highly subsidised preventive health technologies in low-income countries remains a puzzle. One under-studied reason is that the design of subsidy schemes is such that households remain financially constrained. This paper analyses whether, and how, micro-finance supports a large public health subsidy program in the developing world-the Swachh Bharat Mission-in achieving its aim of increasing uptake of individual household latrines. Exploiting a cluster randomised controlled experiment of a sanitation micro-finance program that coincided with the launch of the SBM program, and unique survey data matched to administrative data, findings reveal that the complementarity runs on two levels: First, micro-credit allows households officially ineligible for the subsidy to invest in sanitation by alleviating credit constraints. Second, micro-credit also helps subsidy eligible households to overcome short-term liquidity constraints induced by the remuneration-post-verification subsidy design to invest in sanitation. Subsidy eligible households living in areas experiencing large delays in subsidy disbursement, or high toilet costs, are more likely to take a sanitation loan, but less likely to use the loan to construct a toilet
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice & Digital Development Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 17 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8850
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Decoster, Xavier Stephane Welfare Effects of Introducing Competition in the Telecom Sector in Djibouti
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Djibouti is very well placed, as a landing site of undersea fiber optic cables, to benefit from the digital economy. However, the prevalence of a single national telecom operator in the country has stifled service delivery and innovation in the telecom sector. Mobile broadband coverage and access to internet in Djibouti in 2018 remains below that of many Sub-Saharan African countries. This paper simulates the impact of the introduction of competition on the telecom sector's prices and its implications for households' welfare. The analysis finds important gains in welfare among current users of telecom services, with the largest gains going to the richest households. On the extensive margin, the analysis also finds a higher likelihood of take up of telecom services across the consumption distribution but skewed toward the rich. More work is needed to understand the implications of changes in the telecom sector, especially as greater access may lead to more unequal access, at least in the short term
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8855
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sjoberg, Fredrik Matias Voice and Punishment: A Global Survey Experiment on Tax Morale
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: An online survey experiment spanning 50 countries finds sizable improvements in tax morale when (a) the salience of anti-corruption efforts is increased and (b) citizens are allowed to voice their expenditure preferences to the government. These results hold very broadly across a uniquely large and diverse sample of respondents from all continents. The findings are consistent with theories emphasizing the role of democratic accountability, as well as of perceptions of legitimacy and "retributive justice," in generating voluntary tax compliance. Implications and avenues for further research are discussed
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Middle East and North Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 18 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8858
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arezki, Rabah The Economics of Sustainability: Causes and Consequences of Energy Market Transformation
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper deals with the economics of sustainability associated with the transformation of energy markets. It emphasizes the interrelations between technical changes and energy markets and how in turn the resulting transformations alter the sustainability of economic systems that are dependent on these markets. It also explores how innovation (or the lack thereof) is intimately linked to the ability of energy rich economies to adapt and transform. The agenda is especially relevant for oil rich countries that have announced or already put in place policies to help transform their economies and move away from dependence on oil. The agenda is also relevant for the global community, as it relates to the economic consequences of the needed transformation of energy markets to support the goal of limiting global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8809
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Youssef, Hoda From Currency Depreciation to Trade Reform: How to Take Egyptian Exports to New Levels?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Arab Republic of Egypt is yet to meet its exports potential, which has been historically hampered by several domestic market distortions and multiple barriers, resulting in weak export performance and modest regional and global integration. Although the liberalization of the exchange rate in November 2016 was a necessary step to correct the exchange rate misalignment and ease the ensuing shortages in foreign currency, it has not been sufficient to guarantee a notable improvement in export performance. This paper analyzes Egypt's exports along three dimensions that are key for export performance and future growth: (i) composition and relatedness of exported products; (ii) geographic and product concentration; and (iii) relatedness to globally traded products. The analysis suggests that Egypt continues to specialize in traditional areas of comparative advantage and limited value-added or is expanding toward products for which global demand is declining. The paper uses a gravity model to predict bilateral trade flows based on the economic size, geographic distance, and other relevant characteristics that should typically contribute to facilitated trade and identify specific sectors and markets for which Egypt seems to have an untapped potential. To understand this underperformance, the paper investigates the key impediments to meeting the export potential. It explores some of the important supply and demand side factors and assesses the role of trade policy measures (tariffs and non-tariffs barriers) in impeding export growth. The analysis reveals that despite significant liberalization efforts, Egypt remains among the group of developing countries that have the highest frequency index and coverage ratio of non-tariff measures. Policy recommendations include a call to improve external competitiveness by fostering and diversifying domestic production and complement these efforts by engaging in trade facilitation reforms to remove the non-tariffs barriers to trade, notably, the administrative, technical, and sanitary barriers to trade. These are all necessary for the country to capitalize on its competitive gains from the currency depreciation and to improve the degree of Egypt's integration into global markets
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8782
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ibnat, Fabliha The Three-Gap Model of Health Worker Performance
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Three-Gap Model examines the determinants of low-quality health care by examining the patterns and determinants of three gaps. Using four measures of performance-target performance, actual performance, capacity to perform, and knowledge to perform-this paper defines three gaps for each health worker: the gap between target performance and what they have the knowledge to do (the know gap), the gap between their knowledge and their capacity to perform (the know-can gap), and the gap between their capacity and what they actually do (the can-do gap). The paper demonstrates how the patterns of these gaps across health workers in a sample can be used to diagnose failures in the system as well as evaluate the outcomes of policy experiments. Using data on pediatric care from hospitals in Liberia, the paper illustrates how the model can be used to investigate the potential for improvements in the quality of care from several possible policy interventions. The analysis of the relationships between these gaps across health workers in a health system help to paint a better picture of the determinants of performance and can assist policy makers in choosing relevant policies to improve health worker performance
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8786
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Abate, Girum Dagnachew Adding Space to the International Business Cycle
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Growth fluctuations exhibit substantial synchronization across countries, which has been viewed as reflecting a global business cycle driven by shocks with worldwide reach, or spillovers resulting from local real and/or financial linkages between countries. This paper brings these two perspectives together by analyzing international growth fluctuations in a setting that allows for both global shocks and spatial dependence. Using annual data for 117 countries over 1970-2016, the paper finds that the cross-country dependence of aggregate growth is the combined result of global shocks summarized by a latent common factor and spatial effects accruing through the growth of nearby countries-with proximity measured by bilateral trade linkages or geographic distance. The latent global factor shows a strong positive correlation with worldwide TFP growth. Countries' exposure to global shocks rises with their openness to trade and the degree of commodity specialization of their economies. Despite its simplicity, the empirical model fits the data well, especially for advanced countries. Ignoring the cross-country dependence of growth, by omitting spatial effects or common shocks (or both) from the analysis, leads to a marked deterioration of the empirical model's in-sample explanatory power and out-of-sample forecasting performance
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  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Market and Counterparty Risk Team
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8790
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Foresti, Andrea Estimation of the ex ante Distribution of Returns for a Portfolio of U.S. Treasury Securities via Deep Learning
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents different deep neural network architectures designed to forecast the distribution of returns on a portfolio of U.S. Treasury securities. A long short-term memory model and a convolutional neural network are tested as the main building blocks of each architecture. The models are then augmented by cross-sectional data and the portfolio's empirical distribution. The paper also presents the fit and generalization potential of each approach
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8794
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Essl, Sebastian Michael Debt in Low-Income Countries: Evolution, Implications, and Remedies
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Debt vulnerabilities in low-income countries have increased substantially in recent years. Since 2013, median government debt has risen by about 20 percentage points of gross domestic product and increasingly comes from non-concessional and private sources. As a result, in most low-income countries, interest payments are absorbing an increasing proportion of government revenues. The majority of low-income countries would be hard hit by a sudden weakening in trade or global financial conditions given high levels of external debt, lack of fiscal space, low foreign currency reserves, and undiversified exports. A proactive effort to identify and reduce debt-related vulnerabilities is a priority for many low-income countries. Policy makers should focus on mobilizing domestic resources, improving debt transparency, and strengthening debt management practices. These efforts should be complemented by measures to strengthen fiscal frameworks, improve the efficiency of public expenditures and public investment management, and develop domestic financial systems
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice & Middle East and North Africa Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8801
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als De Soyres, Francois Michel Marie Raphael Common Transport Infrastructure: A Quantitative Model and Estimates from the Belt and Road Initiative
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents a structural general equilibrium model to analyze the effects on trade, welfare, and gross domestic product of common transport infrastructure. Specifically, the model builds on the framework by Caliendo and Parro (2015)-a Ricardian model with sectoral linkages, trade in intermediate goods and sectoral heterogeneity-to allow for changes in trade costs due to improvements in transportation infrastructure, financed through domestic taxation, connecting multiple countries. The model highlights the trade impact of infrastructure investments through cross-border input-output linkages. This framework is then used to quantify the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative. Using new estimates on the effects on trade costs of transport infrastructure related to the initiative based on Geographic Information System analysis, the model shows that gross domestic product will increase by up to 3.4 percent for participating countries and by up to 2.9 percent for the world. Because trade gains are not commensurate with projected investments, some countries may experience a negative welfare effect due to the high cost of the infrastructure. The analysis also finds strong complementarity between infrastructure investment and trade policy reforms
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8805
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fuchs, Alan Distributional Effects of Tobacco Taxation: A Comparative Analysis
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Tobacco taxes have positive impacts on health outcomes. However, policy makers often hesitate to use them because of the perception that poorer households are affected disproportionally more than richer households. This study compares the simulated distributional effects of tobacco tax increases in eight low- and middle-income countries. It applies a standardized extended cost-benefit analysis methodology and relies on comparable data sources across countries. The net effect of raising taxes on cigarettes encompasses the direct negative price shock to household budgets and the long-term benefits of improved health outcomes. The distributional incidence is assessed by estimating decile-specific behavioral responses and relative income gains. The comparative results do not support the claim that tobacco taxes are necessarily regressive. Although welfare losses from the first-order price shock disproportionally affect the poor, these negative shocks are attenuated by greater price-responsiveness among lower-income groups and further offset by higher long-term relative gains through reduced medical expenditures and additional years of productive life as taxes dissuade smoking. In several countries, increasing the price of cigarettes is pro-poor and welfare improving for a large share of the population. Along with raising taxes, policy should aim at encouraging responsiveness to price changes and target tobacco-related medical expenses that disproportionally burden the poor
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Research Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8835
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ozier, Owen Replication Redux: The Reproducibility Crisis and the Case of Deworming
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2004, a landmark study showed that an inexpensive medication to treat parasitic worms could improve health and school attendance for millions of children in many developing countries. Eleven years later, a headline in the Guardian reported that this treatment, deworming, had been "debunked." The pronouncement followed an effort to replicate and re-analyze the original study, as well as an update to a systematic review of the effects of deworming. This story made waves amidst discussion of a reproducibility crisis in some of the social sciences. This paper explores what it means to "replicate" and "reanalyze" a study, both in general and in the specific case of deworming. The paper reviews the broader replication efforts in economics, then examines the key findings of the original deworming paper in light of the "replication," "reanalysis," and "systematic review." The paper also discusses the nature of the link between this single paper's findings, other papers' findings, and any policy recommendations about deworming. This example provides a perspective on the ways replication and reanalysis work, the strengths and weaknesses of systematic reviews, and whether there is, in fact, a reproducibility crisis in economics
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8837
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fang, Hanming Factions, Local Accountability, and Long-Term Development: County-Level Evidence from a Chinese Province
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper investigates, both theoretically and empirically, the role of factional competition and local accountability in explaining the enormous but puzzling county-level variations in development performance in Fujian province of China. When the Communist armies took over Fujian from the Nationalist control circa 1949, Communist cadres from two different army factions were assigned as county leaders. For decades the Fujian Provincial Standing Committee of the Communist Party had been dominated by members from one particular faction, which we refer as the strong faction. Counties also differed in whether there was local guerrilla presence prior to the Communist takeover. The model predicts that county leaders from the strong faction were less likely to pursue policies friendly to local development, because their political survival relied more on their loyalty to the provincial leader than on the grassroots support from local residents. In contrast, the political survival of county leaders from the weak faction was based more on local grassroots support, which could be best secured if these leaders focused on local development. In addition, the local guerrilla presence in the county further improved the development performance either because it intensified local accountability of the county leader, or because it better facilitated the provision of local public goods beneficial to development. The paper finds consistent and robust evidence supporting these assumptions; being affiliated with weak factions and having local accountability are both associated with sizable long-term benefits in terms of growth, education, private-sector development, and survival in the Great Famine. The paper also finds that being affiliated with the strong faction and adopting pro-local policies are associated with higher likelihood of political survival. The empirical findings here suggest that factional competition contributes to efficiency in non-democratic countries, and that local accountability is a key ingredient for balanced development
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8860
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Telaye, Andualem Exploring Carbon Pricing in Developing Countries: A Macroeconomic Analysis in Ethiopia
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study uses a computable general equilibrium model to analyze various policy scenarios for a carbon tax on greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum fuels and kerosene in Ethiopia. The carbon tax starts at USD 5 per ton of carbon dioxide in 2018 and rises to USD 30 per ton in 2030. Different scenarios examine the impacts with revenue recycling through a uniform sales tax reduction, reduction of labor income tax, reduction of business income tax, direct transfer back to households, and use by the government to reduce debt. Because petroleum fuels and kerosene are a relatively small part of the Ethiopian economy, the carbon tax has quite small impacts on overall economic activity while having a notable proportionate impact on greenhouse gas emissions from these energy sources, depending on the recycling scenario. The carbon tax can raise significant revenue-up to USD 800 million per year by 2030. The impacts on the poor through increased cost of living are not that large, since the share of the poor in total use of petroleum fuels and kerosene is small. In terms of income effects through employment changes, urban households tend to experience more impacts than rural households, but the results also depend on the household skill level and the revenue recycling scenario
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8864
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad Corruption and Country Size: Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What sorts of conditions make some countries more prone to corruption than the others? This is an important question for understanding how corruption arises and how to combat it. The present paper attempts to answer this question by exploring the link between the size of the country and corruption. Economic theory suggests advantages and disadvantages of being a large country. Fixed costs in monitoring and punishing corrupt politicians and bureaucrats implies lower corruption in larger countries. However, congestion or administrative costs may escalate with country size. Further, greater diversity in the larger countries implies that such countries may find it harder to reach a consensus on growth-enhancing anti-corruption reforms. Thus, the corruption and country size relationship is an empirical issue. Using firm-level survey data for 135 countries, this paper finds that the level corruption experienced by the firms is positively correlated with country size. This holds for a measure of overall corruption and petty corruption that arises in availing specific government services. According to a conservative estimate, moving from a country the size of Namibia (25th percentile level in size) to a country the size of Morocco (75th percentile level) is associated with an increase in the level of overall corruption by 0.28 percentage point or about 23 percent of its mean value. The results are robust to several controls, alternative corruption measures, sample alternations, and different country size measures
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8851
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hardy, Morgan L The Apprenticeship-to-Work Transition: Experimental Evidence from Ghana
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the effects of a government-sponsored apprenticeship training program designed to address high levels of youth unemployment in Ghana. The study exploits randomized access to the program to examine the short-run effects of apprenticeship training on labor market outcomes. The results show that apprenticeships shift youth out of wage work and into self-employment. However, the loss of wage income is not offset by increases in self-employment profits in the short run. In addition, the study uses the randomized match between apprentices and training providers to examine the causal effect of characteristics of trainers on outcomes for apprentices. Participants who trained with the most experienced trainers or the most profitable ones had higher earnings. These increases more than offset the program's negative treatment effect on earnings. This suggests that training programs can be made more effective through better recruitment of trainers
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 40 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8872
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Saraf, Priyam Group-Based Cognitive Behavioral Training Improves Mental Health of SME Entrepreneurs: Experimental Evidence from Conflict-Affected Areas of Pakistan
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Mental health, well-being and lasting economic outcomes are intimately connected. However, in geographies marked by fragility, conflict and violence, entrepreneurs of small and medium-size experience chronic stress and poor mental health on a regular basis. This paper describes the incremental effects of a five-week group cognitive behavioral training program-over and above the effect of receiving cash grants-on reducing depression and anxiety, as well as improving well-being among small and medium-size enterprise entrepreneurs in conflict-affected parts of Pakistan. Entrepreneurs in the treatment group received the intervention as well as cash grants, whereas those in the control group received only cash grants. The study, which was conducted with 235 entrepreneurs, found that cognitive behavioral training leads to significant improvements in mental health outcomes in the short run. Three months after the intervention, analysis of pooled data across two follow-up rounds (at five weeks and three months after) show that entrepreneurs in the treatment group experience statistically significant (at the 10 percent level) reduction in the intensity and prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale) and higher levels of well-being (measured by the five-item World Health Organization Well-being Index) compared with the control group. Entrepreneurs in the treatment arm experienced a substantial decline in the odds of experiencing depression and anxiety compared with those in the control group (odds ratio of 0.46 for the treatment group relative to the control group), although the results are statistically significant only when the data are pooled. The effect was marked for those experiencing mild/moderate levels of depression and anxiety, indicating the clinical value of such low-touch early interventions. An endline survey is planned at 18 months to assess the longer-term impacts of the intervention on mental health and well-being as well as its impact on business performance
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