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  • Oxford : Oxford University Press  (398)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (341)
  • History  (395)
  • Education  (346)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191954313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource , illustrations.
    Serie: Oxford textual perspectives
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 390.094209031
    Schlagwort(e): Customs and Folklore ; Cultural studies: customs & traditions ; England Court and courtiers 16th century ; History ; England Social life and customs 16th century
    Kurzfassung: In this addition to the 'Oxford Textual Perspectives' series, Nadia T. Van Pelt takes the reader along to the dazzling world of the Tudor court culture: from music and drama, food and fashion, to the underlying religious, political, and dynastic trends that informed these cultural expressions.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2024. - Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on online resource and publisher information; title from PDF title page (viewed on October 6, 2023)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191954313
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations.
    Serie: Oxford textual perspectives
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 390.094209031
    Schlagwort(e): Customs and Folklore ; Cultural studies: customs & traditions ; England Court and courtiers 16th century ; History ; England Social life and customs 16th century
    Kurzfassung: In this addition to the 'Oxford Textual Perspectives' series, Nadia T. Van Pelt takes the reader along to the dazzling world of the Tudor court culture: from music and drama, food and fashion, to the underlying religious, political, and dynastic trends that informed these cultural expressions.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2024 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
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  • 4
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Jakubowski, Maciej COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; International Student Achievement Tests ; Large-Scale International Learning Assessment ; Learning Loss ; Programme For International Student Assessment (PISA) ; Public Examination System ; School Closure Impact ; Student Achievement
    Kurzfassung: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational losses may translate into significant national income losses over time
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Accreditation Policies ; Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Education ; ECED ; Education ; GOI
    Kurzfassung: Investments in early years of education and childhood development are among the most cost-effective and beneficial a country can make to tackle learning poverty, promote healthy child development, and enhance shared prosperity. Over the past two decades, the Government of Indonesia (GoI) has scaled up its commitment to early childhood education and development (ECED) through various educational reforms, policies, programs, and financial investments. With the expansion of Indonesia's ECED system, the GoI has committed to improving its quality since the early 2000s. As a key mechanism to raise the quality of ECED services, the GoI actively encourages PAUD centers to become accredited. An analysis of factors that influence whether and how PAUD centers participate in the accreditation system is helpful to inform continuous quality improvement of Indonesia's ECED services. The World Bank is providing the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (MoECRT) technical assistance and advice to improve Indonesia's ECED system. Supported by the Learning for Human Capital Development Programmatic Advisory Services and Analytics (PASA), this study was conducted to inform further improvements to Indonesia's ECED accreditation system. This report presents the findings from the abovementioned ECED accreditation system assessment and is organized in four main sections after an introduction. Section I describes the study's background and the country context, with emphasis on the ECED system and its quality assurance mechanisms. Section II details the methodology used. Section III presents a summary of the survey results. Section IV discusses the implications of the findings and outlines recommendations to inform accreditation policies and programs
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Childcare ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Legal Framework ; Policies ; Services Mapping ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The "Comprehensive Assessment of the Childcare Landscape in Lebanon: A Mixed Methods Study" analyzes the supply and demand of formal childcare services for children aged 0-3. It provides a review of Lebanon's regulatory and institutional framework around childcare, maps out the current supply of services including cost and quality aspects, and deepens the understanding of households' childcare needs. Findings show that there is a mismatch between supply and demand, with a gap in provision for the youngest children and that supply is mostly private, costly, and concentrated in coastal areas. Childcare responsibilities limit women's ability to join the labor force, and affordability is a main constraint for families to access services, resulting in low demand for formal childcare. The study proposes measures for an inclusive expansion of quality and affordable childcare services in four areas: (i) an enabling environment for efficient, affordable provision of quality childcare services, (ii) a more equitable distribution of the unpaid care work burden within the household, (iii) improved State support to address households' care needs, and (iv) inclusive family-friendly workplace conditions in the private sector
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  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Amankwah, Akuffo Labor Market Participation and Employment Choice in Ghana: Do Individual Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes Matter?
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Employment Outcome ; Employment Preference ; Gender ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Norms ; Gender Role Attitudes ; Informal Sector Measurement Study ; Labor Markets ; Multi-Stage Sampling ; Personality Traits ; Poverty Reduction ; Secondary Education Equity ; Self-Employment
    Kurzfassung: In addition to the conventional determinants of labor market participation and the choice between wage employment and self-employment, there is a growing interest of the significance of gender role attitudes and personality traits. This study uses data from the 2022 Ghana Informal Sector Measurement Study to investigate the influence of these factors on employment outcomes in the Northern and Ashanti regions of Ghana. The findings are based on a series of analyses, including descriptive, multinomial logistic, and linear probability model regressions. The empirical results show the critical role played by both gender role attitudes and personality traits in shaping individuals' decisions on labor market participation and employment choices. Notably, personality traits emerge as significant drivers of observed employment outcomes. However, the impact of these personality traits is often mitigated or even reversed in the presence of heightened traditionalism. Furthermore, the gender-disaggregated analysis reveals that possessing at least a secondary education level is a pivotal factor in the selection of men into formal employment, whereas this criterion holds less significance for women. Conversely, once the decision to participate in the labor market has been made, having at least a secondary education becomes relevant for securing wage employment, regardless of an individual's gender
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  • 8
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 Impact ; Current Status Of Education ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Education Finance ; Education Financing ; Education Quality ; Education Resource Allocation ; Education Sector Spending ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation For Education
    Kurzfassung: The education sector in the Lao PDR (Laos) faces significant challenges. Access to education improved over of the past decade but substantial gaps remain, and previous progress is being undermined by the impacts of COVID-19 and ongoing economic difficulties. The quality of education was already poor before these shocks. The sector is severely underfunded due to a steep decline in public resources allocated to education. In addition, limited job prospects for graduates reduce demand for quality education. To prevent these challenges from causing a lost decade for education in Laos, urgent attention is needed in three areas. First, the government should implement comprehensive economic and fiscal reforms to increase available resources for education and facilitate private sector development to create income earning opportunities for graduates. Second, resource allocation within the sector should be improved for equity and balance. Lastly, the education sector needs to better translate available resources into the learning outcomes of children and youth by reducing inefficiencies and rigidities that constrain the key drivers of learning: teachers, school financing, teaching and learning materials, and school infrastructure. Addressing constraints in these three areas will help reverse the decline in education financing, close access gaps, and enhance service quality
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780198886396
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (601 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.7660940903
    Schlagwort(e): Homosexuality ; Homosexuality-Religious aspects ; Homosexuality History ; Homosexuality History ; Homosexuality Religious aspects ; Christianity ; History ; Homosexuality Religious aspects ; Islam ; History
    Kurzfassung: Forbidden Desire is a pioneering study of the history of male-male sex in the whole of Early Modern Europe, including the European colonies and the Ottoman world.
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780191995293
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xii, 350 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Oxford studies in ancient documents
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.440937
    Schlagwort(e): Sociolinguistics ; Latin language History To 1500 ; Language ; Society & culture: general ; Africa, North Languages To 1500 ; History ; Gaul Languages ; Europe, Western Languages To 1500 ; History ; British Isles Languages To 1500 ; History
    Kurzfassung: This volume provides a collection of chapters by a multidisciplinary collection of experts on the linguistic variegation of the later-Roman and post-imperial period in the Roman west. It offers the first comprehensive modern study of the main developments, key features, and debates of the later-Roman and post-imperial linguistic environment.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2024. - "This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"--Title page verso. - Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on online resource and publisher information; title from PDF title page (viewed on September 27, 2023)
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  • 11
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780198910619
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource , illustrations.
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.853605483
    Schlagwort(e): Malayalis (Indic people) Social conditions ; Malayalis (Indic people) Social life and customs ; Immigrants Social conditions ; Migrant labor in literature ; Migrant labor in motion pictures ; Society ; Sociology & anthropology ; Persian Gulf States Emigration and immigration 20th century ; History ; Persian Gulf States Emigration and immigration 21st century ; History
    Kurzfassung: This text studies various cultural aspects of the Gulf migrants in Kerala since the 1980s. It offers a detailed analysis by drawing from discussions in film studies, visual culture, and literary studies, while combining thematic and formal analyses of texts to address questions on collectivities and citizenship in globalization.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2024. - Includes bibliographical references, filmography and index. - Description based on online resource and publisher information; title from PDF title page (viewed on February 1, 2024)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9780191943881
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource , illustrations, maps.
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.6093667
    Schlagwort(e): Society ; Sociology & anthropology ; Spain Population To 1500 ; History ; Spain History Roman period, 218 B.C.-414 A.D
    Kurzfassung: 'The Human Factor' establishes a foundation for the study of ancient demography in the Iberian Peninsula, focusing on its largest province, Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis. The authors take a multidisciplinary approach, compiling archaeological, epigraphic, architectonic, osteological, and genetic datasets. This comprehensive and detailed study of a single province is necessary to generate accurate demographic estimates and to compare it with datasets from other regions and historical periods. By examining the province of Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis in depth, the authors provide a detailed understanding of demographic patterns, urbanism, and urbanization rates over time, and link them with the social, cultural, and economic factors that affected the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Mediterranean from the fourth century BC until the end of the Roman period.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2024. - Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on online resource and publisher information; title from PDF title page (viewed on January 5, 2024)
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  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Latin America ; Learning ; Pisa
    Kurzfassung: This report explores the results of the latest round of PISA for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), showcasing the results for the region, the differences within the region and between the region and the rest of the world. For this round of PISA, 14 countries of LAC participated in the assessment, representing the largest number of LAC countries in the assessment since its inception. The report covers three key insights: (1) learning is low and highly unequal in LAC, (2) for most countries trends in learning are not moving in the right direction; and (3) countries in LAC should ensure that all students acquire at least basic proficiency in foundational skills, by addressing disparities and focusing on the effective use of technology
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (54 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Vargas, Juan F Right to Education: Forced Migration and Child Education Outcomes
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Migration
    Kurzfassung: About a third of the 7.7 million Venezuelans who have left their country due to political and economic turmoil have settled in neighboring Colombia. The extent to which the Colombian schooling system can absorb the massive demand for education of Venezuelan children is key for their future trajectory of human capital accumulation, as well as that of Colombian students in receiving communities. This paper estimates the effect of Venezuelan migration on educational outcomes of children living in settlement municipalities in Colombia, distinguish between the effect of the migration shock on native and migrant students. Specifically, it estimates the effect of the migration shock on school enrollment, dropout/promotion rates and standardized test scores. The identification relies on a plausibly exogenous measure of the predicted migration shock faced by each Colombian municipality every year. The findings show that the migration shock increased the enrollment of Venezuelan students in both public and private schools and in all school grades, but also generated negative spillovers related to failing promotion rates and increasing dropout. This paper documents that these negative effects are explained by the differential enrollment capacity of schools, as well as by the deterioration of key school inputs
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  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Education ; Education ; Education For All ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Human Development and Gender ; Labor Management and Relations ; Labor Market Policy and Programs ; Public Sector Management ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The main objective of this study is to assess the performance of Cambodia's tertiary education system in terms of equitable access, labor market relevance, and research output, and to provide policy recommendations to the government and all stakeholders in the tertiary education sector. This will inform priority reforms and investments to strengthen the sector overall and, specifically, improve coverage, relevance, research, and governance. Building on the latest analytical work carried out in 2017 ahead of the preparation of an ongoing higher education operation supported by the World Bank, the study is an important step toward overcoming knowledge gaps about the main drivers of the results of the Cambodian tertiary education system and institutions. It will shed light on the factors explaining disparities in access, the mismatch between higher education programs and labor market needs, the capacity of higher education to train the specialists and technicians needed for the green economy, and shortcomings in the governance set up and processes that impede both public and private HEIs from operating in a flexible and efficient manner. The findings of the report will significantly add to the evidence base for identifying policy options to improve equity, relevance, and governance at both the national and institutional levels
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Expenditure Review
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Financial Economics ; Fiscal Policy ; Fiscal Risks ; Footprint ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Non-Oil Revenue ; Quasi-Fiscal Activities ; SNG
    Kurzfassung: The first three chapters of the PFR review the core fiscal policy and revenue mobilization issues. Chapter 1 discusses the fiscal landscape, fiscal framework, and progressivity of fiscal policy. Chapter 2 looks at the footprint of quasi-fiscal activities, which affects the overall fiscal stance and exposes certain fiscal risks. Chapter 3 discusses the stagnation in non-oil revenue and collection across taxes and outlines reform options to improve the tax regime. This PFR also covers education and social protection spending, constituting about 42 percent of generalgovernment budget spending, and is critical for Kazakhstan's social agenda and long-term development goals. Chapter 4 analyzes the efficiency of public spending on education, discusses challenges in delivering equitable access to quality education, and offers options for enhancing spending effectiveness through institutional and policy changes. Chapter 5 discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of spending on the social protection system, particularly the coverage and targeting of social assistance programs, issues in implementing active labor market programs, and challenges in delivering social insurance. Because of data constraints, this PFR excludes analysis on social benefits, pensions, and the State Social Insurance Fund. The last two chapters cover the core system of public-finance management issues on budgeting and inter-governmental fiscal relations. Chapter 6 considers options for further improving budgeting, planning, and monitoring to deliver better fiscal outcomes for inclusive and resilient growth. While Chapter 7 examines emerging subnational fiscal issues and options to simplify and improve certainty in the transfer mechanism from central to SNGs and within the SNG hierarchy
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Demographics ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Fetal and Maternal Health ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Poverty ; Government Financing ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Nutrition Services ; Pregnancy ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: This Human Capital Review (HCR) report presents an in-depth analysis of human capital indicators throughout a person's lifetime, from in utero to productive aging. By examining the various stages of human capital accumulation, the report aims to provide accurate recommendations for specific groups in Sierra Leone. Thus, the report disaggregates data whenever possible. It relies on an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders such as Government counterparts, development partners, teachers, adolescent girls, students, private sector representatives, and local representatives. The consultation process followed a Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach, which facilitates the identification and resolution of problems by local leadership. In addition, this report aims to inform the design and implementation of human capital reforms that will respond to specific challenges identified in the report
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Reform ; Education Reform and Management ; Existing Teachers ; Learning ; Teaching Practices
    Kurzfassung: In 2023, growth in the Pacific islands (PIC-11) decelerated but remained robust at 5.5 percent--about two and a half times the long-term average. Fiji's output surpassed pre-pandemic levels in 2023 despite a notable deceleration, with growth rates halving from 20 percent in 2022 to eight percent in 2023. The PIC-11, excluding Fiji, experienced a noteworthy rebound of 2.7 percent growth in 2023, after a 0.5 percent output contraction in 2022. The trajectory of accelerated and sustainable growth in Pacific Island countries depends on a workforce that is well educated and equipped with enhanced skills and capabilities. Boosting education and skills is essential for long-term growth and poverty reduction in the Pacific Island countries. While multiple factors influence learning, once a child enters school, teachers have the largest impact. A robust body of evidence guides policymakers in improving teaching quality and ensuring that all young children acquire strong foundational skills. This report outlines a three-pronged program of action based on this evidence: attracting and recruiting effective teachers, enhancing existing teachers' capacity, and motivating greater teacher effort. Recognizing that 54 percent of teachers expected to teach in 2035 are already recruited, the report emphasizes a special focus on enhancing the capacity of existing teachers. It provides examples of rigorously evaluated interventions, such as structured pedagogy and access to pre-recorded lectures by highly rated teachers. Implementing these recommendations will aid regional countries in accelerating learning, allowing children and societies to achieve their aspirations
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  • 19
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Decerf, Benoit Lives, Livelihoods, and Learning: A Global Perspective on the Well-Being Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Schlagwort(e): Communicable Diseases ; Covid ; Education ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Learning ; Mortality ; Poverty ; School Health ; Welfare
    Kurzfassung: This study compares the magnitude of national level losses that the COVID-19 pandemic inflicted across three critical dimensions: loss of life, loss of income, and loss of learning. The well-being consequences of excess mortality are expressed in years of life lost, while those of income losses and school closures are expressed in additional years spent in poverty (as measured by national poverty lines), either currently or in the future. While 2020-21 witnessed a global drop in life expectancy and the largest one-year increase in global poverty in many decades, widespread school closures may cause almost twice as large an increase in future poverty. The estimates of well-being loss for the average global citizen include a loss of almost three weeks of life (19 days), an additional two and half weeks spent in poverty in 2020 and 2021 (17 days), and the possibility of an additional month of life in poverty in the future due to school closures (31 days). Well-being losses are not equitably distributed across countries. The typical high-income country suffered more total years of life lost than additional years in poverty, while the opposite holds for the typical low- or middle-income country. Aggregating total losses requires the valuation of a year of life lost vis-a-vis an additional year spent in poverty. If a year of life lost is valued at five or fewer additional years spent in poverty, low-income countries suffered greater total well-being loss than high-income countries. For a wide range of valuations, the greatest well-being losses fell on upper-middle-income countries and countries in the Latin America region. This set of countries suffered the largest mortality costs as well as large losses in learning and sharp increases in poverty
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Social Protection Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education For All ; Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Human Capital ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Social Protections and Labor ; UMI Countries
    Kurzfassung: This Human Capital Review aims to provide analytical foundations in the support of policies that improve human capital outcomes for the following four UMI countries in Central America: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and the Dominican Republic. The objective of this report is to identify the key constraints to human capital growth and understand how education and labor market policies can foster a resilient recovery, promote inclusive growth, and contribute to poverty reduction in these countries. The review also estimates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human capital outcomes using a multi-sectoral approach. The analysis compares human capital outcomes in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010-2019) against trends during the pandemic (2020-2021). Lastly, the report focuses on these four countries, which are the only UMI in Central America to take advantage of new data collected during the pandemic, which allowed to quantify some of the impacts of COVID-19 and understand some of their long-term implications for human development outcomes
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Liverpool : Liverpool University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781802072419
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen, Karten
    Serie: Liverpool studies in international slavery
    Serie: Liverpool scholarship online
    DDC: 306.362082098142
    Schlagwort(e): Enslaved women History 19th century ; Motherhood History 19th century ; Enslaved persons Emancipation 19th century ; History ; Miscegenation History 19th century ; Society ; Society & culture: general
    Kurzfassung: 'Emancipatory Narratives and Enslaved Motherhood' examines three major currents in the historiography of Brazilian slavery - manumission, miscegenation, and creolisation. It revisits themes central to the history of slavery and race relations in Brazil, updates the research about them, and revises interpretations of the role of gender and reproduction within them.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781399512398
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrationen
    Serie: Edinburgh studies on diasporas and transnationalism
    Serie: Edinburgh scholarship online
    DDC: 305.891992055
    Schlagwort(e): Armenians ; Armenian diaspora ; National characteristics, Armenian ; National characteristics, Iranian ; Transnationalism ; History ; United States of America, USA ; Literary studies: fiction, novelists & prose writers ; Asian history ; Popular culture ; Ethnic minorities & multicultural studies
    Kurzfassung: This volume studies the ways that diasporic Iranian Armenian authors and artists negotiate their identities as minoritized population within a liminal space that includes religious, ethnic, national, racial, cultural, gender, and sexual factors.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Gainesville : University Press of Florida | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780813067872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Florida scholarship online
    DDC: 306.48460973
    Schlagwort(e): Tanz ; Kritik ; Ästhetik ; Geschlechtsidentität ; Dance criticism History ; Dance Social aspects ; History ; Performing Arts ; Society & culture: general ; USA
    Kurzfassung: This text examines dance criticism in the United States across 100 years, from the late 1920s to the early 21st century, 'Shaping Dance Canons' argues that critics in the popular press have influenced how dance has been defined and valued, as well as which artists and dance forms have been taken most seriously.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Ithaca : Cornell University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781501761607 , 9781501761591
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (vii, 232 pages).
    Serie: Cornell scholarship online
    DDC: 306.3620973
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte 1775-1865 ; Auslandsbeziehungen ; Diplomatie ; Sklaverei ; Slavery Political aspects ; History ; Slavery Government policy ; History ; Society ; United States of America, USA ; 19th century, c 1800 to c 1899 ; History of the Americas ; Slavery & abolition of slavery ; Society & culture: general ; USA ; United States Foreign relations 1783-1865 ; United States Politics and government 1783-1865
    Kurzfassung: In 'Chained to History', Steven J. Brady places slavery at the center of the story of America's place in the world in the years prior to the calamitous Civil War. Beginning with the immediate aftermath of the War of the American Revolution, Brady follows the military, economic and moral lines of the diplomatic challenges of attempting to manage, on the global stage, the actuality of human servitude in a country dedicated to human freedom.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191883583
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations.
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 306.094509034
    Schlagwort(e): History ; European history ; Italy History 1870-1914 ; Italy History 1914-1945 ; Italy Civilization ; American influences ; America Civilization ; Foreign public opinion, Italian
    Kurzfassung: When Italy unified in 1861, America was emerging as a world power, and advances in communication allowed Italians a view of American life to which they could aspire. 'America in Italian Culture' traces this huge cultural shift, looking at how US fiction, comics, music, and film came to dominate Italian culture, even as the countries went to war.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9780813067568
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (viii, 303 pages) , Illustrations (black and white), maps (black and white).
    Serie: Florida scholarship online
    DDC: 301
    Schlagwort(e): Archaeology Methodology ; Social change ; History ; Archaeology
    Kurzfassung: A publication about transitional periods of cultural and environmental change as seen through the lenses of archaeology and ethnography. Incorporating data from across six continents and tracing the human experience from the Late Pleistocene to the present, it offers a global comparative perspective on transitional states.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Manchester : Manchester University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781526175618
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xvi, 274 pages, 8 unnumbered pages of plates) , Illustrations (black and white, and colour).
    Serie: Studies in design & material culture
    Serie: Manchester scholarship online
    DDC: 391
    Schlagwort(e): Clothing and dress Political aspects 19th century ; History ; Clothing and dress Political aspects 19th century ; History ; Clothing and dress in literature ; Beauty and Fashion ; Cultural studies: customs & traditions
    Kurzfassung: Starts with the premise that clothing is political and that analysing clothing can enhance understanding of political style. It offers a ground-breaking examination of the role of dress in forming political identities and in communicating social and political messages during a period in which imperial and colonial empires assumed their modern form. It also makes timely connections to present-day concerns.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9780191980381
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressourcece
    Ausgabe: First edition.
    DDC: 306.43
    Schlagwort(e): Education Social aspects ; Education and state ; Education ; Society & culture: general
    Kurzfassung: What is education, and who counts as an 'educated person' amidst competing religious, political, and pedagogical ideologies, which have shaped contemporary educational practices and institutions in Nepal? How have social and political changes, an increasing commodification of education, a continued reliance on foreign aid, and expanded geographical horizons contributed to a reshaping of the educational landscape of Nepal and thereby altered, opened up, and closed avenues of learning available to the Nepali people? Grounded in the intersection between anthropology, sociology, and development studies, and based on rich ethnographic evidence, the essays in this edited volume illuminate educational transformations and avenues of learning in the context of wider social and political changes in Nepal.
    Anmerkung: This edition also issued in print: 2023 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New York, NY : Oxford University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780197687246
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressourcece.
    Serie: Studies in contemporary Jewry volume XXXIII
    DDC: 305.8924043
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Juden ; Postkommunismus ; Politische Kultur ; Kollektives Gedächtnis ; Antisemitism History 21st century ; Antisemitism History 21st century ; Post-communism 21st century ; Post-communism 21st century ; Jews Migrations 21st century ; History ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Osteuropa ; Europe, Central Politics and government 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Politics and government 21st century ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Kurzfassung: The closing decade of the 20th century witnessed dramatic upheavals across landscapes that had once housed most of the world's Jewish population: the overturning of the East European Communist governments and the fall of the USSR, accompanied by a major Jewish emigration movement. The experts contributing to this volume apply interdisciplinary approaches to analyze and interpret the shifting post-communist social and political realities and aid our understanding of recent events.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2023 , Includes bibliographical references
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9780813067506
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (264 pages) , Illustrations (black and white).
    Serie: Florida scholarship online
    DDC: 303.4840973
    Schlagwort(e): National Women's Conference (U ; African American women social reformers History 20th century ; African American women Political activity 20th century ; History ; Society ; Society & culture: general ; United States Social conditions 1960-1980
    Kurzfassung: This title offers a panoramic view of Black feminist politics through the stories of a remarkable cross section of Black women who attended the 1977 National Women's Conference. These women advocated for civil and women's rights but also for accessibility, lesbians, sex workers, welfare recipients, labourers, and children.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chicago : The University of Chicago Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780226822242
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (272 pages) , Illustrations (black and white), maps (black and white).
    Serie: Chicago scholarship online
    DDC: 305.409440904
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Kolonialmacht ; Frau ; Soziale Situation ; Women Social conditions ; Women Social conditions ; Women Social conditions ; Society ; History ; Society & culture: general ; Frankreich ; Senegal ; Kambodscha ; France Colonies ; France Colonies
    Kurzfassung: Archival research into policing and surveillance of migrant women illuminates pressing contemporary issues. Examining little-known policing archives in France, Senegal, and Cambodia, Jennifer Anne Boittin unearths the stories of hundreds of women labelled 'undesirable' by the French colonial police and society in the early 20th century. These 'undesirables' were often women travelling alone, women who were poor or ill, women of colour, or women whose intimate lives were deemed unruly. In considering how ordinary women pursued autonomy, security, companionship, or simply a better existence in the face of surveillance and control, 'Undesirable' illuminates pressing contemporary issues of migration and violence.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Manchester : Manchester University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781526172860
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 290 pages) , Illustrations (black and white, and colour), maps (colour).
    Serie: Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century studies
    Serie: Manchester scholarship online
    DDC: 391.64
    Schlagwort(e): Health resorts History 18th century ; Hydrotherapy History 18th century ; Mineral waters Therapeutic use 18th century ; History ; Health resorts in literature ; Health and Wellbeing ; Health, relationships & personal development ; Great Britain Social life and customs 18th century
    Kurzfassung: 'Murky Waters' explores the ambivalent representations of spas in eighteenth-century medicine and literature. It gives a wide cultural perspective of the numerous spas, springs and wells of Britain, well beyond Bath, and focuses on specific political and cultural tensions while reasserting the centrality of health in spa towns.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Bristol : Bristol University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781529216998
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xi, 192 pages).
    Serie: Gender and sociology series
    Serie: Policy Press scholarship online
    DDC: 305.42094709051
    Schlagwort(e): Feminism History 21st century ; Women Political activity 21st century ; History ; Society ; Society & culture: general ; Russia (Federation) Politics and government 1991-
    Kurzfassung: This is a nuanced and compelling analysis of grassroots feminist activism in Russia in the politically turbulent 2010s. Drawing on rich ethnographic data, the author illustrates how a new generation of activists chose feminism as their main political beacon, and how they negotiated the challenges of authoritarian and conservative trends. As we witness a backlash against feminism on a global scale with the rise of neo-conservative governments, this highly relevant book decentres Western theory and concepts on feminism and social movements, offering significant insights into how resistance can mobilise and invent creative tactics to cope with an increasingly repressed space for independent political action.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781469668352
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xiv, 352 pages) , Illustrations (black and white), maps (black and white).
    Serie: Civil War America
    Serie: North Carolina scholarship online
    DDC: 393.93097309034
    Schlagwort(e): Funeral rites and ceremonies History 19th century ; Death Social aspects 19th century ; History ; Collective memory ; Family and Relationships ; Cultural studies: customs & traditions ; United States History 19th century ; United States History Civil War, 1861-1865 ; Public opinion
    Kurzfassung: An illuminating book that how the public funerals of major figures from the Civil War era shaped public memories of the war and allowed a diverse set of people to contribute to changing American national identities.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780197687239
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (305 pages)
    Serie: Studies in contemporary Jewry 33
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.892/4043
    Schlagwort(e): Antisemitism History 21st century ; Post-communism 21st century ; Jews Migrations 21st century ; History ; Antisemitism History 21st century ; Post-communism 21st century ; Jews-Migrations ; Electronic books ; Europe, Central Politics and government 21st century ; Europe, Eastern Politics and government 21st century
    Kurzfassung: The closing decade of the 20th century witnessed dramatic upheavals across landscapes that had once housed most of the world's Jewish population: the overturning of the East European Communist governments and the fall of the USSR, accompanied by a major Jewish emigration movement. The experts contributing to this volume apply interdisciplinary approaches to analyze and interpret the shifting post-communist social and political realities and aid our understanding of recent events.
    Kurzfassung: Cover Page -- Half Title -- Series -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Eli Lederhendler, Introduction: Jews, Communism, and Post-​Communism: Short- and Long-​term Aftereffects -- Jelena Subotic, Historical Memory and Antisemitism in Post-​Communist East Central Europe -- Jonathan Zisook, The Politics of Holocaust Memory in Central and Eastern Europe: Contemporary Poland as a Comparative Case Study -- András Kovács, Jewish Revival in Post-​Communist Hungary: Expectations and Reality -- Marcin Wodziński, Prospects for Jewish Studies in Poland: An Update for a New Decade -- Vladimir Levin, Jewish Cultural Heritage in the USSR and after Its Collapse -- Mark Tolts, Russian Jewry in the Post-​Soviet Era: Socio-​Demographic Transformation -- Semion Goldin, Becoming Jews: The Petersburg Jewish University in the 1990s -- Essay -- Janiv Stamberger, Bridging the Divide: Philanthropy as an Intersection Point in Belgian Jewish Society during the Interwar Period -- Review Essay -- Shulamit Volkov, Antisemitism in Context: Three Recent Volumes -- Kiril Feferman, If we had wings we would fly to you: A Soviet Jewish Family Faces Destruction, 1941-​42, Eliyana R. Adler -- Sol Goldberg, Scott Ury, and Kalman Weiser (eds.), Key Concepts in the Study of Antisemitism, Shulamit Volkov -- Abigail Green and Simon Levis Sullam (eds.), Jews, Liberalism, Antisemitism: A Global History, Shulamit Volkov -- Erin McGlothlin, Brad Prager, and Markus Zisselberger (eds.), The Construction of Testimony: Claude Lanzmann's Shoah and Its Outtakes, Erez Pery -- Thomas Pegelow Kaplan and Wolf Gruner (eds.), Resisting Persecution: Jews and Their Petitions during the Holocaust, David Silberklang -- Scott Ury and Guy Miron (eds.), Antishemiyut: bein musag histori lesiaḥ tziburi (Antisemitism: Historical Concept, Public Discourse), Shulamit Volkov.
    Anmerkung: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New York, NY : Oxford University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780190065096
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressourcece.
    Serie: Oxford studies in historical theology
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 270.38
    Schlagwort(e): Catholic Church ; Catholic Church Relations ; Orthodox Eastern Church ; History ; Orthodox Eastern Church Relations ; Catholic Church ; History ; Schism Eastern and Western Church ; Beards Religious aspects ; Christianity ; History ; Bread Religious aspects ; Christianity ; History ; Purgatory History of doctrines
    Kurzfassung: In 'Beards, Azymes, and Purgatory', A. Edward Siecienski argues that seemingly minor issues - the beardlessness of the Latin clergy, the Western use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist, and the doctrine of Purgatory - played a significant role in the schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2023 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New York, NY : Oxford University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780197556801
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (x, 307 pages).
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    DDC: 305.809073
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Du Bois, W. E. B ; Du Bois, William E. B. ; Weiße ; Rassismus ; Unterdrückung ; Machttheorie ; Machtkampf ; White people Race identity ; History ; Racism History ; Society ; Society & culture: general ; Schwarzamerikaner ; United States Ethnic relations ; History
    Kurzfassung: Ella Myers looks at W.E.B. Du Bois's conceptualization of American whiteness to argue that his writings offer powerful insights into the rewards that white identity has offered to Americans, both in the past and present. Focusing on three key motifs found in his work - wage, pleasure, dominion - Myers shows that to Du Bois, whiteness is not one thing, but many. Highlighting how Du Bois can help us recognize contemporary whiteness as a multifaceted formation, this book explores the pressing contemporary issue of what it means to be white through the lens developed by a major Black thinker.
    Anmerkung: Also issued in print: 2023 , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chicago : The University of Chicago Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780226818733
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 265 pages) , Illustrations (black and white).
    Serie: Chicago scholarship online
    DDC: 305.409517
    Schlagwort(e): Women politicians ; Women political candidates ; Political campaigns ; Women Political activity ; Neoliberalism Political aspects ; Politics and Government ; Mongolia ; History ; Asian history ; Politics & government ; Elections & referenda ; Mongolia Politics and government 1992-
    Kurzfassung: 'A Thousand Steps to Parliament' traces how the complicated, contradictory paths to political representation that women in Mongolia must walk mirror those the world over. Mongolia has often been deemed an 'island of democracy,' commended for its rapid adoption of free democratic elections in the wake of totalitarian socialism. The democratizing era, however, brought alongside it a phenomenon that Manduhai Buyandelger terms 'electionization' - a restructuring of elections from time-grounded events into a continuous neoliberal force that governs everyday life beyond the electoral period.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    New York, NY : Oxford University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780197605301
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource , Illustrations (black and white), maps (black and white)
    DDC: 266.20965
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Catholic Church Missions ; History ; Catholic Church Relations ; Islam ; Katholische Kirche ; Geschichte 1800-1900 ; Mission ; Interreligiöser Dialog ; Islam ; Missions, French History ; Islam Relations ; Catholic Church ; Islam Public opinion ; History ; Religion ; Religion & beliefs ; Algerien ; Algeria Religion 19th century ; Algeria Foreign public opinion, French ; Algeria Relations ; France Relations
    Kurzfassung: 'Sacred Rivals' focuses on French Catholic ideas about Islam and Arab-ness in the context of religious culture wars in France and of missionary work in colonial Algeria, highlighting the shift from initial admiration for Islam and optimism about Muslim conversion to Christianity to the disillusionment by the end of the nineteenth century when French Catholics joined in racially coded attacks on 'Arab' Islam.
    Anmerkung: "This book is published as part of the Sustainable History Monograph Pilot."--Epigraph , "While the digital edition is free to download, read, and share, the book is under copyright and covered by the following Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0."--Epigraph , Previously issued in print: 2022 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781399502030
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxxiii, 414 pages) , Illustrations (black and white), map (black and white).
    Serie: Edinburgh scholarship online
    DDC: 306.362092
    Schlagwort(e): Douglass, Frederick Travel ; Douglass, Frederick ; Geschichte 1845-1895 ; Freed persons Sources History 19th century ; Freed persons Sources Travel 19th century ; History ; Freed persons Sources Travel 19th century ; History ; Enslaved persons Sources Emancipation 19th century ; History ; Antislavery movements Sources History 19th century ; Antislavery movements Sources History 19th century ; Antislavery movements Sources History 19th century ; History ; History of the Americas ; Großbritannien ; Irland ; Anthologie
    Kurzfassung: This critical edition documents Frederick Douglass's relationship with Britain through unexplored oratory and print culture. With an unprecedented and comprehensive 60,000-word introduction that places the speeches, letters, poetry, and images printed here into context, the sources provide extraordinary insight into the myriad performative techniques Douglass used to win support for the causes of emancipation and human rights. Editors examine how Douglass employed various media - letters, speeches, interviews, and his autobiographies - to convince the transatlantic public not only that his works were worth reading and his voice worth hearing, but also that the fight against racism would continue after his death.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2021 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press | Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9781469665177
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (259 pages) , Illustrations (black and white).
    Serie: North Carolina scholarship online
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Geschichte ; Rassismus ; Genetischer Fingerabdruck ; Rassenpolitik ; Sklaverei ; Schwarze ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Genetic genealogy Social aspects ; Genetic genealogy Social aspects ; Slavery History ; Slavery History ; Race Social aspects ; Race Social aspects ; History ; Genealogy, heraldry, names & honours ; USA ; Brasilien
    Kurzfassung: Over the past twenty years, DNA ancestry testing has morphed from a niche market into a booming international industry that encourages members of the public to answer difficult questions about their identity by looking to the genome. At a time of intensified interest in issues of race and racism, the burgeoning influence of corporations like AncestryDNA and 23andMe has sparked debates about the commodification of identity, the antiracist potential of genetic science, and the promises and pitfalls of using DNA as a source of 'objective' knowledge about the past. This book engages these debates by looking at the ways genomic ancestry testing has been used in Brazil and the United States to address the histories and legacies of slavery, from personal genealogical projects to collective racial politics.
    Anmerkung: Previously issued in print: 2021 , Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780191953293
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource (xii, 444 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Ausgabe: First edition
    Serie: Oxford scholarship online
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Duke-Evans, Jonathan An English tradition?
    DDC: 306.0941
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Social ethics History ; National characteristics, British ; Fairness History ; Sportsmanship History ; Society ; Society & culture: general ; Great Britain Moral conditions ; History ; Großbritannien ; England ; Fairness ; Nationalbewusstsein ; Geschichte
    Kurzfassung: This resource offers a history of fair play in Britain from earliest times to the present, asking whether it is in fact a British, or alternatively an English, characteristic at all - and if so, whether fair play still matters today?
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    ISBN: 9780191964619
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (xxi, 944 pages)
    Serie: Oxford handbooks online
    Serie: Business and management
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 378.5
    Schlagwort(e): Education, Higher ; Education, Higher ; Education ; Education
    Kurzfassung: With three of the world's largest economies, Asia is poised to home half of the world's middle class-both the driver and the product of higher education. This handbook presents country case-studies and explores cross-cutting trends to offer an understanding of higher education achievements, failings, potential, and limitations in the region.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    ISBN: 9780197607992
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 online resource.
    Serie: Oxford handbooks online
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 930.109142
    Schlagwort(e): Island archaeology ; Coastal archaeology ; History ; Archaeology
    Kurzfassung: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.
    Anmerkung: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on online resource; title from home page (viewed on August 22, 2023)
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (49 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Filmer, Deon Long-Lived Consequences of Rapid Scale-Up? The Case of Free Primary Education in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Classroom Teachers Performance ; Education ; Education System ; Free Primary Education ; Learning Outcomes ; Primary Education ; School Reforms ; Teacher Quality
    Kurzfassung: Across six Sub-Saharan African countries, grade 4 students of teachers who were hired after a free primary education reform perform worse, on average, on language and math tests-statistically significantly so in language-than students of teachers who were hired before the reform. Teachers who were hired just after the reform also perform worse, on average, on tests of subject content knowledge than those hired before the reform. The results are sensitive to the time frames considered in the analysis, and aggregate results mask substantial variation across countries-gaps are large and significant in some countries but negligible in others. Analysis of teacher demographic and education characteristics-including education level or teacher certification-as well as teacher classroom-level behaviors reveals few systematic differences associated with being hired pre- or post-reform
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Connectivity ; Digital Transformation ; Education ; Education For the Knowledge Economy ; Government Information Network ; Higher Education ; Higher Education Reform ; ICT Applications ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Internet ; Social Protections and Labor ; Vocational and Technical Education
    Kurzfassung: The Digital Transformation of Philippine Higher Education recommends a medium-term strategy for the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). Chapter 1 presents an overview of the Philippine higher education sector and analyzes the sectoral and country context for digital transformation of higher education. Chapter 2 discusses the foundations and pillars that support digital transformation as well as the building blocks of common and shared platforms and services for students and academic, research, and administrative stakeholders in higher education. Based on the findings in Chapter 1 and global good practices on digital transformation in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 recommends strategic goals and actions for CHED and HEIs as well as other higher education key players to digitally transform Philippine higher education
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  • 47
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Environment ; Environment and Health ; European Union Green Deal (EUGD) Implementation ; Green Issues ; Greening HD Infrastructure ; Health Policy and Management, Education Sector Strategy ; Health, Nutrition and Population, Education Reform and Management ; Human Development Buildings ; Sustainable Public Buildings ; Sustainable Public Health Facilities
    Kurzfassung: The goal of this policy note is twofold: first, to identify and propose how to address some of the key regulatory and implementation hurdles that Croatia and potentially other EU Member States are facing in greening their HD infrastructure while improving HD outcomes; and second, to compile best practices and examples in green design, construction, and renovation of public HD buildings. The Note will also provide guidance and encourage dialogue among relevant policy makers at national, regional, and local levels, and with targeted clients. Furthermore, the recommendations would address the importance of green skills development and other related topics relevant to the implementation of EUGD. Overall, the analysis results and the recommendations on these issues could also be useful for World Bank experts and other external stakeholders focused on the green economy and human development
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  • 48
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Crawford, Michael F Improving Reading Abilities, Attitudes and Practices during COVID: Results from a Home-Based Intervention of Supplementary Texts for young Readers in Cambodia
    Schlagwort(e): Early Grade Parental Involvement ; Early Reading ; Education ; Learning Poverty ; Literacy ; Literacy Improvement ; Parents Reading Attitude ; Primary Education ; Quality Education ; Supplementary Reading Materials ; Teaching and Learning Materials
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides results from the randomized control trial project, Promoting Development and Home Reading of Supplementary Texts for Young Readers in Cambodia. One control and three treatment groups were assessed on how literacy and reading habits changed when households were provided a variety of high-quality and low-cost early reading materials along with varying degrees of encouragement toward building better reading habits. The findings show that providing books in isolation was not enough. Rather, books in conjunction with a network of reading supports was found to be an effective means to boost reading outcomes, including reading proficiency measures, frequency of reading, and attitudes toward reading. The results highlight the need for at-home reading materials in poor households as an integral step to improve early reading
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  • 49
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Angel-Urdinola, Diego Can Digital Personalized Learning for Mathematics Remediation Level the Playing Field in Higher Education? Experimental Evidence from Ecuador
    Schlagwort(e): Computer Assisted Learning ; Digital Personalized Learning ; Education ; Higher Education ; Mathematics Remediation ; Stem Education ; Teaching at the Right Level
    Kurzfassung: Many Ecuadorian students entering higher education have cognitive skills gaps in mathematics that undermine their ability to assimilate academic contents. This paper presents the results of a randomized controlled trial assessing the effects on academic outcomes of a Digital Personalized Learning Software for mathematics remediation (the ALEKS software) offered to first-year students entering technical and technological higher education programs in Ecuador amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The possibility to use the software led to a large and marginally significant decline in the probability of repeating a course, as well as a very large positive impact on standardized test scores in math. The analysis finds no impact on the probability of enrolling in the third semester. When disaggregating the impacts, the findings show that the effects on repetition are particularly large for male students, possibly because of higher male enrollment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. When assessing the potential mechanisms, the findings show evidence that the software led to a net increase in hours dedicated to studying mathematics. The results suggest that Digital Personalized Learning Software can be a cost-effective solution for math remediation with potential for large-scale application
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (11 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Tanaka, Nobuyuki Analysis of Teacher Stock versus Flow in Primary Education in East Asia and the Pacific Middle-Income Countries: A Simple Model and Results from Simulation between 2020 and 2030
    Schlagwort(e): Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Literacy ; Primary Education Professional Development ; Teacher Quality ; Teacher Training ; Teacher Workforce Planning
    Kurzfassung: Too many children are not learning to read in the East Asia and Pacific region's middle-income countries. In some countries in the region, such as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Philippines, more than 90 percent of 10-year-olds cannot read and understand an age-appropriate text. To accelerate learning in these countries, better teaching will be needed. To improve teacher quality in the next 10 years, where should countries focus their attention? On improving the teaching skills and content knowledge of their existing stock of teachers, on recruiting and better training new teachers, or on doing both? This paper contributes to this discussion by addressing two policy questions: (i) will East Asia and Pacific's middle-income countries need more or fewer teachers in the coming decade, and (ii) quantitatively, how important will the newly recruited teachers be (the flow) relative to the teaching workforce who have already been recruited (the stock)? To answer these questions, the paper uses a simple model that projects the required number of primary school teachers in each of the East Asia and Pacific region's 22 middle-income countries. The model is based on several factors, such as: (i) the size of future cohorts of children, (ii) the proportion of those cohorts who end up in school, (iii) the pupil-to-teacher ratio, and (iv) teacher attrition. Two key messages emerge with an important policy implication. First, significant heterogeneity exists across the 22 countries, with seven countries projected to need fewer teachers overall in the next 10 years relative to the teacher stock in 2020, while the rest will need to expand their teacher workforce. Second, despite this heterogeneity, in every East Asia and Pacific country, teachers who are already "in the system" are expected to constitute the majority of teachers still employed in 2030. In some countries, teachers who have already been recruited will constitute more than 70 percent of those who will be in schools in 2030. The finding has an important policy implication, namely: if countries want to improve the quality of teaching in schools, their primary focus in the next 10 years should be on improving the stock, that is, the quality of their current teacher workforce (through more and better teacher professional development)
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (25 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Iqbal, Syedah Aroob Learning during the Pandemic: Evidence from Uzbekistan
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-10 Impacts ; COVID-19 Pandemic ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Digital Divide ; Education ; Learning Loss ; No Learning Loss ; School Closures ; Social Inequality
    Kurzfassung: School closures induced by the COVID-19 pandemic led to concerns about student learning. This paper evaluates the effect of school closures on student learning in Uzbekistan, using a unique dataset that allows assessing change in learning over time. The findings show that test scores in math for grade 5 students improved over time by 0.29 standard deviation despite school closures. The outcomes among students who were assessed in 2019 improved by an average of 0.72 standard deviation over the next two years, slightly lower than the expected growth of 0.80 standard deviation. The paper explores the reasons for no learning loss
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Accessibility ; Child-Focused ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Disability ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Inclusive Education ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Kurzfassung: This report presents a review of different approaches in service delivery being implemented in the regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA) to ensure the inclusion of children with disabilities in education. The review examines in what ways (and the extent to which) different approaches have been operationalized and contextualized to enable the inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream education systems, focusing specifically on primary schooling
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  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Assistive Technology ; Children with Disabilities ; Education ; Education For All ; Educational Populations ; Inclusive Schools ; Special Education
    Kurzfassung: This empirical study of the Indonesian context aims to rigorously examine availability and usage of AT for children with disabilities. It reviews key challenges and support needed in both inclusive and special schools, focusing on teachers in primary and secondary education in Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology (MoECRT). Key questions included: 1) What is the availability and use of AT for students with disabilities in schools in Indonesia? 2) In what ways can teachers, schools, and local and national stakeholders work together to promote equitable and quality learning through AT for children with disabilities? To answer these questions, this study employed a mixed method to enhance the validity and quality of evidence based analysis of AT for children with disabilities in Indonesia, including a national level teacher survey with over 2,000 teachers who participated voluntarily, focus group discussions with teachers, school principals and policy makers as well as an international review of practices on AT for children with disabilities to address the lack of previous studies in Indonesia
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  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2190
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Empowerment Factors ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Education ; Gender and Health ; Gender Equality ; Gender Gap ; Health ; Labor ; Labor and Employment Law ; Law and Development ; Women's Empowerment
    Kurzfassung: Advancing gender equality by strengthening women's empowerment is essential for improving development outcomes in Liberia. This report draws on existing literature and data review, as well as new qualitative evidence collected in Liberia. It shows that despite some progress, significant gender gaps still hold back the individual well-being of half of the population. Although abject poverty is part of the story, formal and informal institutions that shift the balance of decision-making power and access to resources away from women also disempower. Eliminating institutional and resource constraints and strengthening women's ability to make choices to improve their lives can leverage women's skills and talents and enhance their contributions to a more prosperous and sustainable Liberia. This report is grounded in the concepts underlying women's and girls' empowerment - namely, a process whereby women and girls who have been denied the ability to make choices and realize them acquire such an ability. The analysis is focused on identifying the constraints Liberian women face in achieving better outcomes in education, health, and productive employment, through the lens of the three pillars of empowerment: context, resources, and agency
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  • 55
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (94 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Dinarte Diaz, Lelys Violent Discipline and Parental Behavior: Short- and Medium-Term Effects of Virtual Parenting Support to Caregivers
    Schlagwort(e): Child Abuse ; Child Emotional Wellbeing ; Child Maltreatment ; Disciplining Behavior ; E-Learning Intervention ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Parental Stress Reduction ; Public Health Promotion ; Social Development ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Violence Against Children
    Kurzfassung: Approximately 75% of children aged 2 to 4 worldwide are regularly subjected to violent discipline across the globe. This paper studies the impact of a virtually-delivered intervention on positive parenting practices in Jamaica. Short-term results indicate that the intervention improves caregiver knowledge (0.52 SD) and attitudes around violence (0.2 SD) and leads to meaningful changes in caregiver disciplining behaviors, with a 0.12 SD reduction in violence against children. Treatment children also experience fewer emotional problems (0.17 SD). Medium-term results (nine months later) show reductions in caregiver depression (0.12 SD), anxiety (0.16 SD), and parental stress (0.16 SD) for treatment caregivers. The virtual delivery has important scalable policy implications which could help decrease violence against children across the globe
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  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): Assistive Technology ; Economic Growth ; Edtech ; Education ; Hearing Impairment ; Inclusive Education ; Inflation ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Social Protections and Labor ; Visual Impairment
    Kurzfassung: Evidence on the uptake, use, and impact of EdTech at scale on participation and learning among students with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries remains very limited. This report presents findings on access to EdTech for children with difficulties in hearing and vision in middle-income countries (MICs) in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region using three approaches: (i) a systematic regional literature review; (ii) interviews with 17 actors from the education technology private sector across the EAP region; and (iii) case studies from four countries: Vietnam, the Philippines, China, and Tonga. The main findings from the literature review are that most EdTech solutions in EAP MICs were applied at very small scale, with a focus on the tech testing stage, and only two of the 13 identified studies from a sample of 1,661 studies measured changes in student learning outcomes. The private sector interviews indicate qualitatively that most actors in this space are unaware of the needs of children with vision and hearing disabilities, and that other challenges such as profitability and general inequalities related to access to devices and high-speed internet receive the most attention. The case studies report no examples of national deployment of any assistive education technology, though there are multiple examples of small-scale digital approaches developed by individual schools or NGOs and shared locally or, in two cases, regionally. In looking at country contexts for the case studies, we found a lack of publicly available data on spending for assistive EdTech in EAP, a lack of data on (a) prevalence of disabilities among the student population, (b) student learning, and (c) student persistence in higher grades
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 ; EAP ; Edtech ; Education ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; ICT Applications ; Implementor Effect ; Information and Communication Technologies ; K-12 ; Learning For All ; Pre-Pandemic Learning ; Student Learning
    Kurzfassung: We use global and regional data to show that it is possible to use EdTech to improve student learning in EAP. We present evidence that the broadcast/dual teacher model often supports student learning gains, while other approaches, including assistive EdTech, show promise. Others, such as e-readers, remote teacher-training and AI interventions have yet to demonstrate positive impacts on student learning at scale in the EAP context. Based on evidence from the EAP region and globally, we show that as the scale of EdTech interventions increases, the effect on learning generally decreases. The largest impacts tend to come from smaller-scale interventions conducted by non-governmental institutions rather than large-scale interventions by governments. We find that as the use of EdTech expands in the EAP region, it tends to increase existing learning inequalities, since not all families and schools are able to pay for, access, and use it effectively. In this companion paper to the EAP regional flagship "Fixing the Foundation: Teachers and Basic Education in East Asia and Pacific", we present the results of a regional survey of middle-income countries showing that, contrary to available evidence, most education decision makers believe that EdTech was effective in supporting student learning during COVID-19 school closures. We recommend several evidence-based EdTech interventions in EAP including the "broadcast" or dual-teacher model, and call for improved approaches for future research that consider scale, dosage and heterogeneity of impact to evaluate EdTech interventions
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2119
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Change Impacts ; Debt Indicators ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Environment ; Fiscal Indicators ; GDP ; GHG ; Inflation ; Life Expectancy At Birth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Indicators ; Poverty Reduction
    Kurzfassung: This edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of the Europe and Central Asia region. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank's most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
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  • 59
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2209
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Adult Literacy ; Agency ; Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gender Barrier To Education ; Gender Bias in Education ; Girls Primary Education
    Kurzfassung: This thematic note is part of a broader mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, which intends to illustrate the key gender gaps in the country and shed light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the persistence of financial, social, and institutional barriers, Malagasy women and girls encounter significant disadvantages across all dimensions of well-being and are unable to access opportunities in an equal manner with men and boys in the country. They are largely constrained in their ability to accumulate human capital in education and health, and to participate in economic opportunities; and they face severe limitations in agency and decision-making, particularly with respect to family formation. Women and girls also appear to be disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which further widen preexisting gender gaps and amplify vulnerability to poverty, violence, and discrimination. This thematic note discusses in detail the status of girls' and women's education in Madagascar and proposes several strategic lines of action to assist girls and young women in completing schooling. This note is accompanied by the overview of all study findings and three thematic notes that present in-depth insights in the following key dimensions: health, economic opportunities, and agency
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Angrist, Noam Human Capital and Climate Change
    Schlagwort(e): Bildung ; Klimawandel ; Humankapital ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Verbrauchereinstellung ; Politische Einstellung ; Wahlverhalten ; Umweltökonomik ; EU-Staaten ; Climate Change ; Compulsory Education Laws ; Compulsory Schooling ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Environmental Curriculum ; Human Capital ; Voting
    Kurzfassung: Addressing climate change requires individual behavior change and voter support for pro-climate policies, yet surprisingly little is known about how to achieve these outcomes. This paper estimates causal effects of additional education on pro-climate outcomes using new compulsory schooling law data across 16 European countries. It analyzes effects on pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, policy preferences, and novel data on voting for green parties-a particularly consequential outcome to combat climate change. Results show a year of education increases pro-climate beliefs, behaviors, most policy preferences, and green voting, with voting gains equivalent to a substantial 35% increase
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Lo Bue, Maria C Maternal Work and Children's Development: Examining 20 Years of Evidence
    Schlagwort(e): Child Development ; Child Welfare ; Childcare ; Early Child and Children's Health ; Education ; Gender Equality ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Industry and trade ; Maternal Labor Force Participation ; Maternal Work Review of Evidence ; Quality Daycare
    Kurzfassung: Maternal work may affect children positively through increased household income, higher control of mothers over available income, and expansion of maternal information networks through work contacts and greater decision-making power of mothers as they become more economically empowered. However, maternal work may reduce maternal time spent with children. If maternal time is not substituted for time of equal quality by other caregivers, children's development may be penalized. Stress associated with work may also decrease the quality of parenting. This review summarizes causal evidence on the relationship between maternal work and children's development. The majority causal studies find positive or 0 impacts of maternal work on children's development
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Gender Innovation Lab Federation Causal Evidence Series
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender and Education ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Innovation ; Socio-Emotional Skills ; Women Entrepreneurs
    Kurzfassung: Entrepreneurship can be a pathway to employment and economic empowerment for women. Over half of the women in developing countries are or aspire to be entrepreneurs, but most of them run subsistence oriented micro-businesses that are not seen as key drivers of innovation and growth. Among formal firms, the share of women-led businesses decreases as the size of the firm increases. Multiple factors-including lack of skills, networks, and access to finance, technology, and markets-constrain women's decision to become entrepreneurs and affect their choices concerning which sector to enter, how much to put into their firms, and which business practices and technology to adopt. Contextual factors, such as social norms, access to childcare, and risk of gender-based violence, also contribute to the gender gap in firm performance documented by the Africa GIL and the EAP GIL. The GIL Federation is generating rigorous evidence around the world to understand what works, and what does not, in addressing the differential constraints restricting the growth of women-led firms. This note presents evidence on five key findings
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  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Educaton ; Becoming Upper-Middle-Income ; Economics of Education ; Education ; Gender and Education ; Gender Inequity ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Girls Education Gap ; High Stunting Rate ; Human Capital Investment ; Skill Utilization ; Social Development
    Kurzfassung: Pakistan can realize major economic growth and development by investing in its people and their human capital. But the reality is that Pakistan's human capital is low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades. Inequalities in human capital outcomes have persisted or widened over time between the rich and poor, men and women, and rural and urban areas and among the provinces. Human capital outcomes are low across the board, with even the most economically advantaged groups in Pakistan having lower human capital outcomes than less economically advantaged groups in peer countries. Pakistan's Human Capital Index (HCI) value of 0.41 is low in both absolute and relative terms. It is lower than the South Asia average of 0.48, with Bangladesh at 0.46 and Nepal at 0.49. Pakistan's human capital outcomes are more comparable to those in Sub-Saharan Africa, which has an average HCI value of 0.40. To enhance its human capital, Pakistan should adopt a life cycle approach to building, protecting, and deploying human capital, starting before birth, continuing through early childhood development, and schooling, culminating in increasingly productive employment. This calls for a long-term commitment, recognition of the multidimensional and cumulative nature of human capital investments, deliberate efforts from multiple stakeholders and sectors to build on intersectoral linkages, and a continuity of policies across political parties and governments. Many countries previously at Pakistan's level of development have managed to precisely do this, even with regional variations and gaps just as large. Pakistan has the tools to implement the recommendations in this report, provide stewardship for human capital investments, and enhance economic growth over the long term. Pakistan's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that the country can manage complex challenges, despite its institutional constraints
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  • 64
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Deng, Jingyuan Returns to Education in the Marriage Market: Bride Price and School Reform in Egypt
    Schlagwort(e): Bride Price and Educational Returns ; Compulsory Education ; Education ; Gender Norms ; Gender, Rural Labor Markets, Female Labor Market Participation ; Marriage Market ; Marriage Tradition ; Returns On Education ; Value of Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper posits marriage market returns as a contributing factor to stagnant female labor force participation despite increasing female education. The paper examines the marriage market returns of female education by exploiting a very direct measure of returns: bride price, a significant amount of resources transferred by the groom at the time of marriage. The paper also looks at current and future husband's wages as additional sources of returns. It addresses endogeneity and identification issues by exploiting a school reform in Egypt that reduced the number of years required to complete primary education from six to five. The staggered rollout of the reform generates exogenous sources of variation in female schooling both across and within cohorts and administrative units. The analysis implements an instrumental variable estimator with fixed effects at the cohort and at the administrative unit level. The estimated return to a bride's compulsory education is about 100% for bride price, about 14% for husband's wage at the time of marriage, and about 16% for a measure of husband's permanent income. Importantly, these returns to education in the marriage market are much higher than the returns to education that Egyptian women experience in the labor market. Additional empirical evidence suggests that educational assortative mating could be an important mechanism through which the marriage market returns are taking place
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Active Labor Market Program ; Adult Skills Development ; Basic Green Skills ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Educational Outcome Policy ; Environment ; Green Issues ; Green Transition Skills Development ; Human Capital Crisis ; Science and Technology Development ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training, Digital Skills Development ; Social Protections and Labor, Economics of Education
    Kurzfassung: The rippling effects of multiple overlapping crises on the economy, declining education outcomes, and inability of the education system to meet the upcoming needs of the labor market puts the Slovak Republic in a human capital crisis. There is a misalignment between the supply and outcomes of the education system and requirements of the labor market. Education-to-work pathways through vocational and tertiary education are insufficient to prepare students for the green economy transition. Education-to-work pathways need to be flexible to align worker choices with needs of the labor market. This policy note provides a deep dive into the education situation in the Slovak Republic and proposes specific policy recommendations aiming at the skilling and reskilling toward the green and digital agenda, utilizing European and international experiences in this area
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (17 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Patrinos, Harry Anthony The Longer Students Were Out of School, the Less they Learned
    Schlagwort(e): Covid-19 Pandemic ; Education ; Education and Society ; Emergency Remote Learning ; Learning Loss ; Quality Of Remote Teaching ; School Closure ; Vaccination and Education
    Kurzfassung: COVID-19 led to school closures and emergency remote learning systems. It is feared that students learned less when they were remote. This paper analyzes school closures during the pandemic using a unique data base. The determinants of the duration of school closures estimates were used to instrument school closures - stringency of lockdown and vaccination - and causally estimate the impact of duration on learning. It is estimated that for every week that schools were closed, learning levels declined by almost 1 percent of a standard deviation. This means that a 20 week closure, for example, would reduce learning outcomes by 0.20 standard deviation, almost one year of schooling
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  • 67
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Social Analysis
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-19 ; Disease Control and Prevention ; ECA ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Health and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Resilience ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: Risk and uncertainty are on the rise, and countries across Europe and Central Asia (ECA) are not immune from it. The region is being hit by crises, conflicts, and continued uncertainty that are negatively affecting people's livelihoods in the short term and prosperity in the long term. Then COVID-19 hit, inflicting massive harm on people's wellbeing, livelihoods, and human capital. Lockdowns prevented people from working, school closures prevented students from learning, and overwhelmed hospitals had to defer important treatments. This report explores how to strengthen the resilience of health, education, and social protection systems to better protect people's human capital from the long-term effects of recurrent shocks and crises
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  • 68
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-19 ; Education ; Education Reform ; Pandemic
    Kurzfassung: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, education systems had to redeploy inputs typically used in schools to remote education. This significantly reduced average student learning, with disadvantaged students experiencing a disproportionately large decline. Not closing these learning losses will have long-lasting effects on productivity and economic growth and dampen social mobility. In the five Eastern European countries analyzed in this paper, not acquiring sufficient learning is not a challenge that began with the pandemic. Perhaps the pandemic and the attention it is bringing to students' learning loss will create the political conditions to implement long-awaited education reforms to reduce the learning gaps and create better conditions for disadvantaged students, the core element of resilient education systems. This paper shows that using data to guide policy decisions, standardized tests as a diagnostic tool, and remediation policies should become permanent features of education systems. The pandemic pushed forward the use of technology in education. Using technology through online tutoring or Computer Assisted Learning can, when designed appropriately, improve students' academic performance, socio-emotional skills, and psychological well-being
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Arias, Francisco Plant Closings and the Labor Market Outcomes of Displaced Workers: Evidence from Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Difference in Difference ; Education ; Education and Employment ; Employment and Unemployment ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Employment ; Job Displacement ; Job Loss Impact by Education ; Labor Market ; Poverty Reduction ; Wages ; Wages, Compensation and Benefits
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the impacts of job displacement on subsequent labor market outcomes, focusing on differentiated effects by educational groups and gender. The findings show that job separations caused by plant closings result in sizable and long-lasting wage reductions, with an average decline of -7.5 percent over a nine-year period relative to workers who did not experience job losses. A stronger effect is estimated for highly educated workers than for low educated workers, with initial effects being 18.4 and 9 percent wage drops, respectively. For working hours, the effect on low educated workers is double the effect on highly educated workers, with 3.0 and 1.5 additional hours per week, respectively. Using the rotating panel of the survey, difference in differences coefficients are estimated, removing time-invariant individual heterogeneity. Compared to ordinary least squares, the difference in differences estimates reduce the magnitude of the average impacts of plant closing on wages, from -7.5 to -4.7 percent, and on working hours from 1.4 to 0.53 additional hours. These results suggest that the ordinary least squares estimates are upwardly biased due to omitted individual worker heterogeneity. The paper discusses another potential remaining source of endogeneity concerning the quality of the match between employers and workers
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  • 70
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other ESW Reports
    Schlagwort(e): Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Education ; Education Finance ; Energy Resources Development ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health Systems ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Inclusion ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; NEDI ; Off-Grid Solar Access ; Transport and Trade ; Water and Sanitation
    Kurzfassung: Kenya's north and northeastern region is a host to 11 percent of the total population scattered across 63 percent of the country's landmass. The arid and semi-arid region experiences recurrent droughts that create vulnerabilities for the nomadic pastoralist communities, pervasive insecurity, suffers fragility, and has been a host to the largest population of refugees in sub-Saharan Africa over the last three decades. These policy choices contributed to the significant lag in most of the development indicators for this region compared to the rest of the country. The region has huge infrastructure deficits, low literacy rates, and contributes only a modest 4.7 percent to the national gross domestic product. To address the socio-economic disparities and inequality challenges, the Government of Kenya with support from World Bank (WB) launched the North and Northeastern Development Initiative (NEDI) in 2018. The NEDI, the region's first significant, integrated, and transformative investment, cuts across foundational sectors including energy, water, transport, social protection, displacement, and agriculture
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 11872
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Covid-19 Pandemic Impact On Education Spending ; Curriculum and Instruction ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Funding Indicators ; Education Reform ; Education Reform and Management ; Education Spending Per Child ; Educational Outcome Focus ; Evidence-Based Education Policy ; Gender Equity in Education ; Teacher Effectiveness
    Kurzfassung: Education needs to recover the space it lost in national budgets because of COVID-19. Many LICs and LMICs decreased the prioritization of education spending with the onset of COVID-19. Half of these countries reduced their annual spending on education in 2020, compared to 28 percent in 2019. Emerging evidence suggests that after falling in 2020, the share of education in national budgets of LICs and MICs recovered in 2021 but by 2022 it remained below its 2019 pre-pandemic level. Meanwhile, many HICs protected education shares over that period and some even increased resources specifically for learning recovery. Education financing needs to expand to ensure sufficient per-capita spending to meet national education goals. Given variation across countries, common international benchmarks on education spending should not be used deterministically to assess the adequacy of financing. Spending per school-age child, the most accurate indicator of financing adequacy, averages US53 dollars in LICs, US318 dollars in LMICs, US980 dollars in UMICs and US7,800 dollars in HICs. These stark differences surpass differences in countries' living standards and costs of delivering education services. Many LICs and LMICs that meet common international benchmarks on education spending (such as 4-6 percent of GDP or 15-20 percent of public budgets) still spend very little per school-age child due to their small state budgets and large young populations
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): CDR Approach ; Education ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Motivation ; Skills and Knowledge ; Teacher Policy ; Teachers
    Kurzfassung: This report zooms into what lies behind the success or failure of teacher policies: how teachers experience these policies, and how systems scale and sustain these policies. The report argues that for policies to be successful, they need to be designed and implemented with careful consideration of the barriers that could hinder teachers' take-up of the policy (individual-level barriers), and the barriers that could hinder the implementation and sustainability of policies at scale (system-level barriers). Teacher polices too often fail to yield meaningful changes in teaching and learning because both their design and implementation overlook how teachers perceive, understand, and act in response to the policy and because they miss what is needed at a system level to achieve and sustain change. To avoid this, policymakers need to go beyond what works in teacher policy to how to support teachers in different contexts to adopt what works, while making sure it is implementable at scale and can be sustained over time. This requires unpacking teacher policies to consider the barriers that might hinder success at both the individual and system levels, and then putting in place strategies to overcome these barriers. The report proposes a practical framework to uncover the black box of effective teacher policy and discusses the factors that enable their scalability and sustainability. The framework distills insights from behavioral science to identify the barriers that stand in the way of the changes targeted by the policy and to develop strategies to overcome them. The framework is used to examine questions such as: What changes are required at an individual level to achieve the specific goals of a given teacher policy What barriers constrain the adoption of these changes How can the policy be better designed and implemented to tackle these barriers Moreover, the report draws on evidence from quantitative and qualitative studies on successful and failed teacher policies to examine the factors that make teacher policy operationally and politically feasible such that it can work at scale and be sustained over time
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  • 73
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Yarrow, Noah What i Really Want: Policy Maker Views on Education in East Asia Pacific
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bureaucracy ; Discrete Choice ; Education ; Education In Middle Income Countries ; Education Inclusion ; Education Policy Priority ; Education Reform and Management ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Improving Secondary School Completion
    Kurzfassung: This paper reports the views and perceptions of randomly selected education policy makers in the East Asia Pacific region, based on surveys of 651 senior public officials in 14 middle-income countries. The findings show that officials tend to prioritize increasing secondary school completion over improving learning quality, and they severely underestimate learning poverty and do so by a larger margin than officials in other countries. Officials were most likely to cite system capacity as the primary constraint to improving learning. The findings show that officials' support for gender equality and disability inclusion is high. Interviewed officials tend to oppose violence against students and prefer to invest in in-service teacher training or early-grade reading compared to other options, such as EdTech or inclusion for students with disabilities. This mix of alignment and misalignment between policy makers' goals and the stated goals of development partners can inform future engagement in policy dialogue, analysis, and information campaigns
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  • 74
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Piza, Caio Experimental Evaluation of a Financial Education Program in Elementary and Middle School Grades
    Schlagwort(e): Behavioral Modification ; Education ; Elementary Education ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Education ; Financial Law ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Proficiency Promotion ; Law and Development ; Middle School Financial Literacy
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates whether providing financial education in elementary and middle school grades improves students' financial proficiency and actual behavior. It uses a cluster randomized control trial to evaluate a pilot program implemented in 101 Brazilian municipal schools in 2015. The findings show positive impacts on financial proficiency, mainly among middle school students, and suggestive evidence of improvements in short-term behavioral outcomes. However, the analysis indicates that the program did not impact students' school achievements in both the short and longer terms, which suggests that the program's effects were not strong enough to shift students' behavior decisions
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): Blended Learning ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Economic Growth ; Education ; Energy and Environment ; ICT ; Information and Communication Technologies ; K-12
    Kurzfassung: This report proposes a preliminary guiding framework to define and deploy blended learning models at the K-12 level in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Drawing lessons from international examples and good practices, the proposed framework aims to provide key considerations for the strategic and effective use and integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in K-12 schools
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  • 76
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 11872
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Basic Education ; Education ; Education Governance ; Education Quality ; Free Education ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; School Learning Environment ; Teacher Quality
    Kurzfassung: The implementation of the fee-free basic education policy (FBEP) in Tanzania since 2015 has led to consistent growth in the education sector. However, the rapidly increasing school-age population has been creating demands for additional resources and capacity that are often not met. Persistent challenges related to institutional governance and insufficient education spending toward core teaching and learning matters further hinder service delivery and result in inadequate learning outcomes. This note draws evidence from existing studies and available data, taking a holistic approach to assess the performance of the basic education system in Mainland Tanzania in the last decade. It describes the basic service delivery indicators but also goes beyond to analyze the underlying challenges in institutional governance and basic education financing. Recognizing that basic education can deliver fundamental literacy, numeracy, as well as socioemotional skills which are crucial building blocks for continued education and training, employment, and lifelong fulfillment for all Tanzanian citizens, the policy note highlights the following areas that require attention: equitable access; learning outcomes; quantity, quality, and management of teachers; school learning environment; the curriculum and language of instruction; national examinations and learning assessments; and governance and finance
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Robayo-Abril, Monica Preparatory School Years and Maternal Employment in Romania
    Schlagwort(e): Childcare ; Early Childhood Development ; Economics of Gender ; Education ; Female Employment ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Norms and Childcare ; Government Policy ; Public Policy ; Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses the introduction of preparatory school classes targeting six-year-old children in Romania to study whether universal, compulsory, public care provision could increase female employment. Results from difference-in-difference estimations show that the reform resulted in rising employment rates for mothers of six-year-old children. The effect is lower for mothers living in households with elderly people, but larger for those facing stronger trade-offs prior to the reform. Overall, investing in universal, compulsory, public childcare is beneficial and could significantly increase female employment and labor force participation rates
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Gender Innovation Lab Federation Causal Evidence Series
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Education ; Gender Gap ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Improvement ; Training
    Kurzfassung: Significant progress has been made in closing gender gaps in primary and secondary enrollment rates worldwide. However, girls still have lower expected years of schooling than boys in some regions, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, and boys have worse educational outcomes than girls in other countries, most notably in Latin America and the Caribbean. Barriers to the continuation of schooling for girls are linked to child marriage, early pregnancies, sexual harassment, and social norms around girls' education. The COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted schooling of both girls and boys. The transition to remote learning hurt girls who often have fewer technical skills and less access to the internet than boys.3 In other cases, boys had higher economic opportunities than girls and were more likely to drop out from school in response to the economic stress generated by the pandemic.4 The GIL Federation is generating rigorous evidence around the world to understand what works, and what does not, in narrowing gender gaps in education. This note presents evidence on three key findings
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  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Gender Innovation Lab Federation Causal Evidence Series
    Schlagwort(e): Adolescent Girls ; Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gender and Social Policy ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Girls Empowerment ; Life Skills
    Kurzfassung: Adolescent girls face multiple challenges that restrict their horizons. They have to make decisions about employment and fertility at an early age with limited access to formal education and under restrictive social norms. Domestic responsibilities limit their time in school and educational achievement, in turn curtailing their ability to enter the labor force. The GIL Federation is generating rigorous evidence on what works, and what does not, in empowering adolescent girls. This note presents evidence on five key findings
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Poverty Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Inequality ; Limited Safety Nets ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis, Poverty ; Poverty Reduction, Inequality ; Rural Households ; Telecommunications Sector
    Kurzfassung: The share of Uganda's population that lives below the poverty line has fluctuated over the last seven years, greatly influenced by shocks that have tested the resilience of the people. The COVID-19 pandemic pushed both urban and rural residents into poverty. Inequality, which reflects the extent to which different population groups benefit from Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth, and affects the transmission of growth into poverty reduction, remained largely unchanged over this period and may even have worsened in urban areas. The findings of this report show that previously identified patterns and drivers of Uganda's poverty changes persisted well into 2020 - shaped by low productivity and high vulnerability. Identified inequality of economic opportunities and unequal accumulation of the human capital could hold back structural change in employment. Accelerating poverty reduction in such a setting requires a two-pronged strategy. While at the macroeconomic level, policies addressing growth fundamentals are important for reducing poverty, from a microeconomic perspective, the report's analysis shows that two strategies will be crucial. The first strategy is to lift the productivity and incomes of poor households in both rural and urban areas. While tackling agricultural productivity and job creation are at the top of the agenda here, making mobile phone services more widely accessible and affordable is a potential opportunity. The second strategy is to strengthen people's resilience to shocks, particularly in rural areas. To have an impact, policies in both these areas will have to address the inequality in opportunities analyzed in the report. This document provides an overview of key report findings and identifies priority actions
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Country Gender Assessment
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Contraceptive Use ; Cutting ; Education ; Female Genital Mutilation ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Gender and Law ; Gender and Poverty ; Gender-Based Violence ; Girls Education Status ; Maternal Health Access ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Women's Access To Health Services ; Women's Agency ; Women's Economic Opportunity
    Kurzfassung: Evidence shows that Guinean women and girls face important barriers across all dimensions of well-being that prevent them from having access to opportunities on an equal footing with men. The poor agency of women and girls, as reflected in the high prevalence of discriminatory legal and social norms, translates into gaps in health, education, employment, and entrepreneurship, ultimately undermining their capacity to fulfill their potential and imposing important societal costs. This report presents a summary of the key challenges facing Guinean women and girls relative to men and boys. The report has a particular focus on early family formation, a common phenomenon in the country with important implications for girls' and women's well-being and opportunities in life. On the basis of this diagnostic and a review of evidence of what works, the report proposes some strategic lines of action to address the existing constraints and effectively empower Guinean women
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Economics of Education ; Education ; Education Finance ; Education Reform and Management ; Enabling Factors ; Higher Education ; Integration ; Regional Cooperation
    Kurzfassung: Higher education systems in South Asia have undergone significant changes in the past two decades. Each country in the region has experienced a rapid rise in university enrollment, fueled by demographic growth and the resulting expansion of secondary education. However, in the absence of sufficient financial resources to accommodate increasing student numbers, most higher education institutions are facing daunting challenges. Unlike the recent evolution in Europe and East Asia, South Asian higher education systems and institutions have made little progress in working together so far, notwithstanding the positive results of a few noteworthy partnerships, such as the creation of the South Asian University. The ability of South Asian nations to work together in the higher education sphere will, to a significant extent, determine their capacity to support the development efforts of their respective countries in an effective and dynamic manner. Against this backdrop, the main objective of this report is to explore the potential for increased regional collaboration and integration in higher education in the South Asia region
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  • 83
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-19 ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform and Management ; Learning Acceleration ; Learning Poverty
    Kurzfassung: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, global learning levels were unacceptably low. In 2019, learning poverty, the share of children unable to read and understand a simple text by age 10, had reached 57 percent in low- and middle-income countries (World Bank and others 2022b). This constituted a global learning crisis. Despite significant expansion in access to schooling in most low, and middle-income countries over the past 50 years to near-universal levels for primary school, progress in improving global learning levels had stalled. This report, Learning Recovery to Acceleration: A Global Update on Country Efforts to Improve Learning and Reduce Inequalities, takes stock of what countries have done so far to recover and accelerate learning since reopening schools, and what we have learned from their experience. It follows the RAPID Framework for Learning Recovery and Acceleration, which we published with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, U.K.'s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), UNESCO, UNICEF and USAID in 2022 as a menu of policy actions based on past evidence and on policies that many countries were already implementing. To a large extent, many of the policies and interventions needed to recover from the pandemic setbacks and accelerate learning are known. One lesson is clear: political and financial commitment are vital for improving learning and reducing inequality. Effective education strategies require societies' determination to make education a priority and devote the necessary human and financial resources to end the learning crisis. Policymakers, schools, and communities must work urgently to recover learning, tackle deep-rooted systemic challenges, and build resilience to future disruptions
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-19 ; Edtech ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform and Management ; FLC ; Foundational Learning ; Teachers
    Kurzfassung: The FLC Progress Report showcases initiatives that have helped create tools and knowledge for countries to improve foundational learning through their educational systems. Since it is the first such report for the FLC, it will cover the transition to the FLC from the previous SABER3 program to its incarnation as the FLC umbrella trust fund. It will also examine recent and current challenges, including the slowdown in the pace of implementation during the COVID related school and ministry closures. The pandemic both stymied and shaped how the FLC initiatives worked, where we worked, and when we worked. We have had to adapt. Fortunately, implementation has picked up in the last year and technical teams have been working tirelessly to accelerate implementation
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  • 85
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Stokenberga, Aiga The Rough Road to Services and Livelihood Opportunities in Rural Haiti and the Added Impact of Natural Disasters
    Schlagwort(e): Access of Poor to Social Services ; Access To Markets ; Earthquake ; Education ; Flood ; Gender ; Gender and Equity ; Gender and Rural Development ; Impact of Climate Change ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Marginalization ; Marginalized Populations ; Natural Disaster ; Rural Transport
    Kurzfassung: Mobility of goods and people in rural Haiti is constrained by the sparce road network and low maintenance of existing infrastructure. These challenges are further exacerbated by frequent natural disasters, including seasonal floods and earthquakes of significant magnitudes. This study conducted household surveys, qualitative interviews with humanitarian and development organizations on the ground, and spatial and statistical analysis to understand the impact of the relative importance of various constraints to accessing schooling, health care, and livelihood opportunities in rural Haiti, especially focusing on the most marginalized population groups. The various data collected corroborate the conclusion that transport issues-travel time, flooded roads, and lack of continuously functioning public transport services, among others-are central in the local residents' ability to access services and livelihood opportunities. At the same time, for many marginalized people, such as women and people living with a disability, other significant barriers are present, in terms of lack of affordability, inappropriate design of school and health care facilities, risk of assault, discrimination, and cultural norms. Living in a community where roads where damaged by the August 2021 earthquake is associated with reduced odds of having accessed needed health care or sold any of the produced agricultural harvest in the following months and with higher odds of children having missed school. Overall, the findings point to the need for a broad set of interventions-combining infrastructure and complementary policies-to allow everyone, including the most marginalized groups, to gain full access to health, education, and livelihood opportunities
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Public Expenditure Review
    Schlagwort(e): Access To Finance ; Basic Education Financing ; Education ; Education Sector Strategy and Lending ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Policies ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Funding ; Public Spending ; Zanzibar
    Kurzfassung: Since 2015, because of healthy economic growth and a strong commitment to strengthening human capital, Zanzibar has made significant progress in the provision of good quality basic education services. Government spending has risen and has supported ambitious plans to provide inclusive and equitable access to quality education and skills training. Since 2015, sector targets for increasing access to public services were largely met in education, and in some instances surpassed. Yet despite these significant successes, the basic education sector continues to face challenges in providing good-quality services and reaching the marginalized. This Zanzibar Basic Education Public Expenditure Review aims to: (i) assess the scale of the financing challenge in basic education (preprimary, primary, and secondary education); (ii) analyze the adequacy, efficiency, and equity of current levels and uses of public spending on education; and (iii) from this analysis, and drawing on relevant international practices, present a set of policy suggestions for improvements in public funding for basic education in Zanzibar
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  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 7800
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Country Gender Assessment ; Education ; Educational Institutions and Facilities ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Education ; Gender Norms ; Gendered Educational Outcomes ; Human Rights ; Inequality in Education
    Kurzfassung: Addressing gender inequalities in educational outcomes is crucial from a human rights and development perspective. Building human capital early in life has crucial implications for developmental and labor market outcomes later in life. In this background note, prepared to inform the Romania Gender Assessment 2023, we rely on a variety of data sources to descriptively study gender inequalities in educational outcomes, such as enrollment rates and test scores, in Romania. We analyze these inequalities for the total population as well as for different income groups andregions. Our evidence shows that gender equality in aggregate estimates often masks important inequalities between subgroups. While in some cases, boys outperform girls, there are also cases in which girls outperform boys. These patterns differ across income groups, regions, and educational levels. Based on this evidence, the Romanian government should take a nuanced approach to achieving gender equality in the educational sector. Moreover, we find that--in the case of all indicators--both Romanian girls and boys perform significantly below the European average and thatthere are some negative trends over time, especially with respect to enrollment rates in secondary schools and school performance. Reversing these trends is crucial to ensure the full development of both boys and girls. Moreover, although girls outperform boys in several educational outcomes, these advantages do not translate into the labor market. We identify several constraints that could drive(reversed) gender gaps in educational outcomes: social norms and gender stereotypes (at home and within the schooling system), relatively low public spending on education at nearly all levels, marginalization and discrimination, teenage pregnancy, and school-based violence. We generate evidence on intergenerational educational persistence, which affects girls more. Moreover, we identify a lack of systematic evidence on what works best to close these gaps, and several important data limitations, such as a lack of indicators that clearly identify Roma children. Lastly, we identify ten high-level policy areas and recommend tailored policy interventions to address gender inequalities ineducation in Romania
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 11872
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation to Climate Change ; Childhood Trauma ; Climate Change and Health ; Disability ; Earthquake Impact On Learning ; Earthquake-Related Learning Loss ; Economic Consequences Of Trauma ; Economic Impact Of Trauma ; Education ; Emotional Damage From Disasters ; Labor Markets ; Post-Traumatic Stress and Learning ; Psychosocial Impact Of Natural Disaster
    Kurzfassung: The recent earthquakes in 11 provinces in Turkiye affected the learning of more than 5 million students. The natural disasters occurred during a global economic contraction and regional conflicts just after special circumstances caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. These challenges resulted in learning losses, emotional and psychosocial damages with expensive economic consequences that is estimated at more than 3.5 percent reduction in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) annually if not tackled carefully and in a timely manner. These challenges require policy decisions to protect the education system and the learning and skills assets given the political commitment to build back better. This report (i) quantified the challenges, (ii) evaluated the immediate steps taken since the 6th of February by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) and proposes an emergency response system that can be deployed during future disasters and crises, and (iii) recommends a roadmap to support the education system for recovery from the earthquake emergency. The roadmap focuses on the earthquake regions and consists of (i) institutionalizing of an integrated national program targeting education and care aiming at a strong head start for 3-, 4- and 5-years old children and support to mothers and families; (ii) supporting green and resilient reconstruction to provide a learning environment for all children; (iii) establishing a learning catching up program for acceleration and support towards learning and wellbeing of vulnerable groups; (iv) securing the skills asset for improved production and economic growth with a futuristic vision towards green and technological innovations aiming at signature programs in general secondary, vocational education, professional and higher education focusing on the skilling and reskilling agendas; and finally (v) establishing a national center of excellence for education management in emergencies
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2113
    Schlagwort(e): Accessibility ; Accessible Learning ; Accessible Special Technologies ; Augmentative and Alternative Communication ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Disability ; Education ; Inclusive Education ; Social Protections and Labor
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this toolkit is to generate knowledge on how to develop and adapt assessment tools using principlesof universal design that yield reliable and valid data andinformation to track the learning outcomes of marginalizedlearners, including learners with disabilities
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  • 90
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2209
    Schlagwort(e): Climate Impact on Girls ; Education ; Education For All ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Bias in Education ; Girls Life Choices ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Systemic Gender Gaps ; Women and Girls Health ; Women's Agency ; Women's Economic Opportunity
    Kurzfassung: This Overview presents the findings from the mixed-method study on gender inequalities in Madagascar, illustrating the key gender gaps in the country and shedding light on the unique challenges that young Malagasy women face in their educational, professional, and family trajectories. Due to the persistence of financial, social, and institutional barriers, Malagasy women and girls encounter significant disadvantages across all dimensions of well-being and are unable to access opportunities in an equal manner with men and boys in the country. They are largely constrained in their ability to accumulate human capital in education and health, and to participate in economic opportunities; and they face severe limitations in agency and decision-making, particularly with respect to family formation. Women and girls also appear to be disproportionally affected by the impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, which further widen preexisting gender gaps and amplify vulnerability to poverty, violence, and discrimination. On the basis of the research findings, the Overview presents key gender gaps in Madagascar and proposes four strategic lines of policy recommendations to (i) assist girls and young women in completing school education, (ii) improve women's and girls' access to professional health care and prevent teenage pregnancy, (iii) enhance women's economic opportunities, and (iv) improve women's and girls' voice and agency through the elimination of all forms of gender-based violence. Four thematic notes accompany this Overview and present detailed findings in the four key dimensions: education, health, economic opportunities, and agency
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: PEI In Practice
    Schlagwort(e): Coaching ; Education ; Implementation ; Staffing ; Tools
    Kurzfassung: Coaching is used in 90 percent of economic inclusion programs and is increasingly seen as a critical component of such interventions (Andrews and others 2021). It is a cross-cutting element in economic inclusion programming, facilitating all other components of a program and facilitating the 'human side' of interventions by providing participants with the extra support and advice they need to take full advantage of program resources. This In Practice paper shares insights and lessons learned from a comprehensive literature review of economic inclusion interventions and their approach to coaching. It explores coaching along seven design parameters: scope of coaching, depth of coaching, type of coaching (individual versus group), level of engagement, caseload, staffing, and coaching tools
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (42 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Krafft, Caroline Quality and Inequality in Pre-Primary and Home Environment Inputs to Early Childhood Development in Egypt
    Schlagwort(e): Children and Youth ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Education Quality ; Home Environment ; Inequality ; Poverty Reduction ; Pre-Primary ; Pre-Primary Child Development Investment ; Primary Education Investment ; School Readiness Indicators ; Social Development ; Socioeconomic Inquality
    Kurzfassung: By the time children in low- and middle-income countries start primary school, large socioeconomic disparities are evident in children's learning and development. Both pre-primary and home environments can play important roles in influencing school readiness and can contribute to disparities in early childhood development, but there is limited evidence on their relative roles in low- and middle-income countries. This paper examines how pre-primary quality, stimulation at home, and early childhood development vary by socioeconomic status for pre-primary students in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The results demonstrate substantial socioeconomic inequality in stimulation at home, more so than in pre-primary quality and inputs, although there is variation in the degree of inequality across different dimensions of pre-primary quality. "Double inequality" is observed, where students with less stimulating home environments experience slightly lower quality pre-primary inputs. There are particularly large pre-primary inequities in structural quality (physical environment) and less inequity in process quality (pedagogy). These results suggest that targeted investments in pre-primary education in Egypt are necessary to reduce inequality in school readiness but are likely insufficient to close the socioeconomic status gap in children's development. Investing in interventions to improve vulnerable children's home learning environments, as well as investing in quality pre-primary, is critical to address disparities in children's development
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  • 93
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ham, Andres The Effects of Differential Exposure to COVID-19 on Educational Outcomes in Guatemala
    Schlagwort(e): COVID Impace on Student Learning ; COVID-19 Differential Exposure ; COVID-19 Impact on Education ; Dropout Rate ; Education ; Educational Policy and Planning ; Government Education Policy ; Grade Promotion During Pandemic ; School Switching
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the effects of differential exposure to COVID-19 on educational outcomes in Guatemala. The government adopted a warning index (ranging from 0 to 10) to classify municipalities by infection rates in 2020, which was then used by the Ministry of Education in 2021 to establish a "stoplight" system for in-person instruction. Using administrative panel data for all students in Guatemala, the study employs a difference-in-differences strategy that leverages municipal differences over time in the warning index to estimate the effects of the pandemic on dropout, promotion, and school switching. The results show that municipalities with a higher warning index had significantly larger dropout, lower promotion rates, and a greater share of students switching from private to public schools. These effects were more pronounced during the first year of the pandemic. The findings show differential effects by the level of instruction, with greater losses for younger children in initial and primary education. The results are robust to specification choice, multiple hypothesis adjustments, and placebo experiments, suggesting that the pandemic has had heterogeneous consequences
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  • 94
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ahsan, Md. Nazmul Growing up Together: Sibling Correlation, Parental Influence, and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Decomposition ; Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) ; Education ; Educational Populations ; Intergenerational Mobility ; Intergenerational Share ; Regional Educational Mobility Trends ; Sibling Correlation ; Social Analysis ; Social Development ; Years of Schooling
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents credible and comparable evidence on intergenerational educational mobility in 53 developing countries using sibling correlation as a measure, and data from 230 waves of Demographic and Health Surveys. It is the first paper to provide estimates of sibling correlation in schooling for a large number of developing countries using high quality standardized data. Sibling correlation is an omnibus measure of mobility as it captures observed and unobserved family and neighborhood factors shared by siblings when growing up together. The estimates suggest that sibling correlation in schooling in developing countries is much higher (average 0.59) than that in developed countries (average 0.41). There is substantial spatial heterogeneity across regions, with Latin America and Caribbean having the highest (0.65) and Europe and Central Asia the lowest (0.48) estimates. Country level heterogeneity within a region is more pronounced. The evolution of sibling correlation suggests a variety of mobility experiences, with some regions registering a monotonically declining trend from the 1970s birth cohort to the 1990s birth cohort (Latin America and the Caribbean and East Asia and Pacific), while others remained trapped in stagnancy (South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa). The only region that experienced monotonically increasing sibling correlation is the Middle East and North Africa. The recent approach of Bingley and Cappellari (2019) is used to estimate the share of sibling correlation due to intergenerational transmission. The estimates show that when the homogeneity and independence assumptions implicit in the standard model of intergenerational transmission are relaxed, the estimated share is much larger. In the sample of countries, on average 74 percent of sibling correlation can be attributed to intergenerational transmission, while there are some countries where the share is more than 80 percent (most in Sub-Saharan Africa). This suggests a dominant role for parents in determining the educational opportunities of their children. Evidence on the evolution of the intergenerational share, however, suggests a declining importance of the intergenerational transmission component in many countries, but the pattern is diverse. In some cases, the trend in the intergenerational share is opposite to the trend in sibling correlation
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  • 95
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Access and Equity ; Education ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Education Reform and Management ; Gender and Education ; Girls and Stem ; National Education Policy ; Tertiary Education System
    Kurzfassung: India has one of the largest and fastest-growing tertiary education systems in the world. The system enrolls 37 million students across nearly 50,000 institutions. The recently endorsed National Education Policy (NEP) aims at a further doubling of the gross enrollment ratio in higher education from 26.3 percent to 50 percent by 2035. Despite its size and growth rate, and the emphasis placed on tertiary education by Indian policymakers in recent times, the system has faced continuous challenges of equitable access, quality, governance, and financing, with the quality of inputs and outputs not keeping pace with the expansion of the sector. The World Bank has supported tertiary education in India through a series of engagements in technical education at the national level, and general tertiary education in specific states. The NEP's proposal for broad-based tertiary education reforms as a key step toward transforming the tertiary education sector in India aligns with the Bank's global tertiary education strategy and presents an opportunity for the Bank's engagement in this area through analytic work, dialogue with key stakeholders, and strategic engagement with states and tertiary education institutions. Based on this analysis, the World Bank in 2020-2021 expanded its engagement in Indian tertiary education through dedicated analytical and advisory work in the NEP context. Focusing on the areas of access and equity, employability, digitalization, internationalization, academic careers, governance, funding, as well as quality assurance, the World Bank conducted a series of virtual events and prepared technical reports discussing the status quo in Indian tertiary education in the context of the proposed NEP reforms and international trends. The report at hand provides a summary of the outcomes of this work
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  • 96
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (69 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Orozco-Olvera, Victor Improving Enrollment and Learning through Videos and Mobiles: Experimental Evidence from Northern Nigeria
    Schlagwort(e): Basic Education ; DIME ; Disruptive Technologies ; Early Marriage ; Early Parenthood ; Education ; Education and Digital Divide ; Gender Bias ; Gender Norms ; Girls Aspirations ; Learning ; Learning Poverty ; School Enrollment ; Self-Efficacy
    Kurzfassung: In northern Nigeria, half of primary school-age children attend school, half of girls are married before turning 15, and one in five people can read a whole sentence. Conducted in rural, low literate communities governed by traditional norms, this paper presents the results of a cluster randomized controlled trial that tested community screenings to reshape parental aspirations and attitudes toward education, and as a reinforcing arm, the distribution of mobiles with engaging apps to teach 6-9-year-old children to read. Twelve months after the screenings, children were 42 percent less likely to be out of school, but as expected, their learning levels did not improve. In the communities that were provided the mobile reinforcer, literacy and numeracy skills increased by 0.46 and 0.63 standard deviation, respectively. The impacts of the combined intervention on school attendance and learning gains were similar for boys and girls. For non-targeted older siblings, the intervention increased learning by 0.34 and 0.47 standard deviation and reduced the likelihood of teenage pregnancy and early entrance into the labor market by 13 and 14 percent, respectively. The mechanisms behind these effects include improved parental aspirations and expectations, improved attitudes and social norms, higher self-efficacy beliefs of parents, and increased time for home learning activities. Relative to other educational investments that have been evaluated in developing countries, the combined intervention is highly effective and cost-effective
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (iv, 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Other education study
    Schlagwort(e): Entwicklungspolitik ; Staatensystem ; Internationale Organisation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsprojekt ; Bildung ; Erziehung ; Erziehungsziel ; Bildungseinrichtung ; Zugang ; Ergebnis ; Projekt ; Bilanz ; Childhood Development ; Climate Action ; Conflict and Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Edtech ; Education ; Education for All ; Fragility ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Girls and Women ; Learning ; Moving Out of Poverty ; Pandemic ; Poverty Reduction ; Teachers
    Kurzfassung: As the largest external financier of education in low- and middle-income countries, the World Bank is committed to ensuring that all children around the world have free, inclusive, equitable, and quality education to achieve their potential. Our portfolio of investments in education has continued to grow, and our projects focus on ensuring that high-quality learning takes place for everyone, everywhere. In "Realizing Education's Promise: A World Bank Retrospective", we explore our operations and research across the globe since the first World Development Report (WDR) on education in 2018, which illuminated the scale of the learning crisis. In this new publication, we spotlight major milestones in our work over the past five years, highlighting successes, reflecting on what remains to be done, and sharing our vision for the way forward
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  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: Other Education Study
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Evolving Skills ; Labor Markets ; Low-Income Countries ; Middle-Income Countries ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technical and Vocational Education and Training ; TVET
    Kurzfassung: Reform of formal technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is urgently needed in most low- and middle-income countries. Demographic trends, coupled with higher rates of students completing lower levels of education, can lead to an exponential increase in the number of secondary TVET students in the next 20 years, particularly in low-income countries (LICs). However, there are significant risks attached to expanding a system that is often considered a second-tier educational track and to which challenged learners are often directed. Because of a broken link between TVET systems and labor markets in low- and middle-income countries (LICs and MICs, together: L/MICs), TVET cannot deliver on its promise. The urgency is compounded by megatrends associated with globalization, technological progress, demographic transformation, and climate change, which affect both skills demand and the distribution of economic opportunities. This report offers guidance to policymakers designing and implementing TVET reforms, emphasizing core principles and practical considerations for L/MICs. There is much to be learned from recent L/MIC reform experiences like those in Bangladesh, El Salvador, and Mongolia, about identifying effective reform strategies and the likely impact of megatrends on future demand for TVET. The report focuses on secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary formal TVET, defined as TVET obtained within the formal education system that leads to diplomas, degrees, or other formal certifications. This overview, summarizing the main messages from the report, has three parts. The first, the TVET Promise, looks at the potential of TVET systems to deliver access to equitable, quality, and relevant training and contribute to employment and productivity. The second, the TVET Challenge, articulates the main limitations in practice for L/MIC TVET systems. The third, the Way Forward to Better TVET, proposes three interrelated transformations (three E's) and six policy priorities to help TVET deliver on its promise in L/MICs
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource
    Serie: 2109
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Health ; Health Economics and Finance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; HRM ; Human Development ; Macro Fiscal Context ; Public and Municipal Finance ; Public Expenditure ; Sustainability
    Kurzfassung: This is an overview of the CAR Human Development (HD) Public Expenditure Review (PER). This overview provides an analytical basis to decision-makers and stakeholders for the formulation of ambitious yet fiscally responsible interventions to improve human capital outcomes in CAR. The PER examines public expenditure trends of the education, health, and social protection (SP) sectors with a focus on adequacy, efficiency, and equity of expenditures as well as human resource management (HRM). The primary objective is to provide analytical insights for government policy development and prioritization strategy as it seeks to achieve a resilient recovery and rebuild its education and health sectors and establish a strong SP system which will help the poorest households invest and protect their own human capital. The PER can also serve as a useful source of knowledge and information to development partners seeking to deepen the impact of their support to the human capital development sectors. The recommendations put forth by the PER are those identified as fiscally sustainable and most important for rebuilding and strengthening human capital development sectors, including a focus on future human resource (HR) recruitment needed in the education and health sectors
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bedoya, Juan Rule-Based Civil Service: Evidence from a Nationwide Teacher Reform in Mexico
    Schlagwort(e): Administrative and Civil Service Reform ; Civil Service Employment ; Civil Service Reform ; Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Rule-Based Teacher Hiring ; Social Protections and Labor ; Teacher Hiring Methods ; Teacher Quality
    Kurzfassung: This paper studies the effect of a civil service reform on the skills profile of new teachers in Mexico. The reform mandated the use of rule-based recruitment over discretionary hiring. The results show that the reform led to hiring teachers with higher cognitive skills. The paper also shows that an improvement in the bottom of the skills distribution of new hires drove this change. Two channels explain these effects. First, the reform decreased the prevalence of discretionary hires, who tended to be drawn from the bottom of the skills distribution. Second, the reform improved the screening efficiency of rule-based hiring, making cognitive skills more important determinants of hiring outcomes
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