Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (123)
  • DNB
  • München UB
  • Englisch  (123)
  • [Paris] : OECD Publishing  (90)
  • [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice  (33)
  • Graue Literatur  (123)
  • Deskribierung zurückgestellt
Datenlieferant
Materialart
Sprache
  • Englisch  (123)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9506
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Cirera, Xavier Policies to Support Businesses through the COVID-19 Shock: A Firm-Level Perspective
    Schlagwort(e): COVID-19 ; Firms ; Policies ; Uncertainty ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Relying on a novel dataset covering more than 120,000 firms in 60 countries, this paper con-tributes to the debate about D policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments around the world have implemented a wide range of policy support measures, evidence on the reach of these policies, the alignment of measures with firm needs, and their targeting and effectiveness remains scarce. This paper provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of these issues, focusing primarily on the developing economies. It shows that policy reach has been limited, especially for the more vulnerable firms and countries, and identifies mismatches between policies provided and policies most sought. It also provides some indicative evidence regarding mistargeting of policies and their effectiveness in addressing liquidity constraints and preventing layoffs. This assessment provides some early guidance to policymakers on tailoring their COVID-19 business support packages and points to new directions in data and research efforts needed to guide policy responses to the current pandemic and future crises
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 295 (May 2020)
    Schlagwort(e): Kinderschutz ; IT-Kriminalität ; Jugendpolitik ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The digital environment presents a wide range of benefits to children, whilst also exposing them to various risks, including cyberbullying, harmful content and inappropriate contact with strangers. This report provides an overview of the legal and policy actions that governments, international organisations and other stakeholders have taken to ensure a safe and beneficial digital environment for children. It considers actions taken to keep pace with technological developments, to ensure children can realise the benefits of the digital environment, and to respond to the changing digital risk landscape. The report also informed the revision of the 2012 OECD Recommendation of the Council on the Protection of Children Online, which aims to bring it into line with current and anticipated future needs of children in the digital environment.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 91 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 86 (March 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.86
    Schlagwort(e): Productivity ; Laggards ; Catch-up ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides new evidence on the main characteristics of laggard firms - firms in the bottom 40% of the productivity distribution - and their potential for productivity growth. It finds that laggards are on average younger and smaller than more productive firms, and matter for aggregate resource reallocation. Moreover, younger laggards converge faster toward the productivity frontier, suggesting that the composition of the laggard group matters for future productivity. Yet this report finds that laggards converge at a slower rate in highly digital- and skill-intensive industries, suggesting that there are barriers to technology and knowledge diffusion. This could help explain the much-debated productivity slowdown and the increased productivity dispersion. This report also finds that policies aimed at improving workers’ skills, alleviating financial constraints to investments and increasing firms' absorptive capacity through direct R&D support can accelerate the diffusion of knowledge and technology, and help laggard firms to catch up.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 292 (February 2020)
    Schlagwort(e): Digitalisierung ; Politik ; Koordination ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital transformation has widespread and complex effects across the economy and society. It impacts many policy domains and makes trade-offs between public policy objectives more difficult to navigate. The Going Digital Integrated Policy Framework helps governments and stakeholders to develop an integrated approach to policy making in the digital age and to shape policies for an inclusive digital future. This report outlines the framework’s seven interrelated policy dimensions: 1) access to communications infrastructures, services and data; 2) effective use of digital technologies and data; 3) digital and data-driven innovation; 4) good jobs for all; 5) social prosperity and inclusion; 6) trust in the digital age; and 7) market openness in digital business environments. The report also highlights transversal policy issues (e.g. skills, digital government, SMEs and data) that cut across several policy dimensions. Finally, this report provides guidance on putting the framework into practice.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 76 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 94 (November 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.94
    Schlagwort(e): Business dynamism ; Firm demography ; Job reallocation ; Employment dynamics ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses trends in business dynamism across 18 countries and 22 industries over the last two decades, using highly representative comparable data. It finds that declines in business dynamism, pervasive in many countries, are driven by dynamics occurring at a disaggregated sectoral level, rather than reallocation across sectors. Average trends within sectors point to steady declines in each country over the last two decades, even after accounting for the role of the business cycle, with market structure and firm heterogeneity emerging as prominent determinants. Investments in intangibles and digital technologies, globalisation, and changes in demographics also contribute to these trends. Policy can, however, help boost business dynamism by reducing barriers to entry and to knowledge diffusion, favouring experimentation and creative destruction, and increasing absorptive capacity and firms’ potential to benefit from technological change.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 19 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 294 (May 2020)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The OECD GlobalRecalls portal was launched in 2012 as a single window for governments to share information about product recalls worldwide. It has since developed into a significant resource, with over 24 000 product recall notices and 47 participating countries, and these figures continue to grow. This report discusses the implementation of a series of enhancements to the OECD GlobalRecalls portal between 2015 and 2019, as well as support provided to jurisdictions by the OECD Secretariat between November 2018 and September 2019 to use the portal’s new API functionality. The report will inform ongoing OECD work to maintain the Portal and any future work regarding possible further enhancements.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 153 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 296 (August 2020)
    Schlagwort(e): Terrorismus ; Radikalismus ; Digitale Güter ; Social Web ; Marktführer ; Globalisierung ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report provides an overview of the policies and procedures for addressing terrorist and violent extremist content (TVEC) across the global top 50 online content sharing services, with a focus on transparency. It finds that only five of the 50 services issue transparency reports specifically about TVEC, and these five services take different approaches in their reports. These services use different definitions of terrorism and violent extremism, report different types of information, use different measurement and estimation methods, and issue reports with varying frequency and on different timetables. The low number of reporting companies and the variation in what, when and how they report make it impossible to get a clear and complete cross-industry perspective on the efficacy of companies’ measures to combat TVEC online and how they may affect human rights. This situation could be improved if more companies issued TVEC transparency reports and included more comparable information.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 293 (April 2020)
    Schlagwort(e): Verbraucherpolitik ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines possible methodologies for estimating consumer detriment, as well as the impacts of consumer agency actions and consumer policy more broadly. It also provides practical guidance for developing and strengthening the effectiveness of consumer policymaking frameworks. The report was prepared to inform a project by the OECD Committee on Consumer Policy (CCP) to explore ways to ensure that consumer policymaking is based on the best available data on likely costs and benefits.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 88 (June 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.88
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report looks at how transdisciplinary research, which combines knowledge from different scientific disciplines with that of public and private sector stakeholders and citizens, can be used to address complex societal challenges. This includes developing effective responses in acute crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as longer-term solutions for sustainability development. In a series of 28 case studies, each of which is briefly summarised in the report, it identifies the key obstacles to effectively implementing transdisciplinary research. Many of these are embedded in the way that research systems are structured and managed and they are amenable to policy intervention. Examples of how various actors, including funding agencies and universities are adapting to better accommodate the requirements of transdisciplinary research are included in the report and related policy actions are ascribed for these actors.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 96 (December 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.96
    Schlagwort(e): Steel ; Competition ; Industry and Entrepreneurship ; Investment ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The paper analyses data on state-owned enterprises as cross-border investors and takes a first step towards analysing their investment characteristics since 2000. It shows that the number of cross-border investments by state-owned enterprises was overall small, with most originating from the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”), and suggests that the investment preferences of state-owned enterprises may fuel excess capacity in the steel sector. This is because state-owned enterprises display a preference for building new capacity over acquiring existing capacity when investing abroad, and a preference for investment destinations with volatile demand growth. Data also suggest that state-owned enterprises might be more likely to undertake domestic capacity closures after a cross-border investment, which is likely influenced by recent policies introduced to curb excess capacity in China. Conversely, the data offer insufficient evidence regarding the link between cross-border investment by state-owned enterprises and capacity outcomes in target jurisdictions.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 89 (July 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.89
    Schlagwort(e): digitalisation ; innovation ; policy governance ; statistics ; science and technology ; Norway ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report describes Norway’s landscape for Digital Science and Innovation Policy (DSIP) - the overarching framework through which governments make intensive use of digital technologies and data resources to support the formulation, delivery and administration of STI policy. The report describes how Norway’s DSIP landscape is shaped by its broader digital government framework and agenda, introduces the main actors in the DSIP system and discusses their main features in relation to their key objectives and the generic purposes of DSIP approaches. Special attention is paid to the role of STI statistics. It concludes by drawing out key findings and potential implications to help the Norwegian government identify opportunities that promote the system’s further development in line with its strategic objectives. This study also provides an indication of the potential opportunities and challenges that other countries might face when developing, implementing and maintaining digital systems for STI policy and administration.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 62 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 93 (October 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.93
    Schlagwort(e): Barriers to exit ; structural adjustment ; subsidies and support measures ; steel ; steel excess capacity ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores the nature of exit barriers in the steel industry, their social and economic implications, and policy approaches to deal with exits and steel industry restructuring. Barriers to exit in the steel industry require attention due to their negative impacts on excess capacity. Such barriers mainly stem from government interventions that hinder the closure of inefficient or unviable steel plants, though cost factors specific to the steel industry are important barriers, as well. Exits may also entail important costs associated with redundancy payments to workers, environmental clean-up and operations to dismantle mills. The paper concludes with specific policy recommendations to promote adjustment, including removing subsidies and other government support measures that maintain unviable plants, assisting displaced steel workers into other activities, and other measures to limit the social costs of steel plant closures.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 96 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 92 (September 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.92
    Schlagwort(e): Tax ; Innovation ; Science and technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents new evidence on the impact of R&D tax incentives and direct funding of business R&D, drawing on distributed cross-country and firm-level analyses undertaken as part of the first phase of the OECD microBeRD project (2016-19). This “distributed” approach facilitates a harmonised analysis of confidential business R&D and tax relief microdata in 20 OECD countries. microBeRD provides new insights into the effectiveness of R&D tax incentives in encouraging business R&D in the OECD area and the heterogeneity of effects both within and across OECD countries, including the underlying impact mechanisms. The report contributes to the debate on the role of R&D tax incentives in the policy mix by providing additional comparative evidence on the effects of alternative business R&D inducement incentives.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 97 (December 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.97
    Schlagwort(e): Steel ; Structural adjustment ; Microdata ; Industrial policy ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Information on the structural characteristics of steel firms over time provides important insights into the dynamics of the steel industry and how this industry has been restructuring and adapting in a rapidly changing environment. This paper builds on data from the new and unique OECD Steel database to shed light on the micro determinants of changes in the steel sector. The OECD Steel database provides invaluable insights into the characteristics of steel plants and steel firms, and how they have evolved in the last 20 years. Results from the analyses in this paper suggest that the steel sector could benefit from increased business dynamism, while data show that economies of scale and technology are important factors influencing adjustment in the sector. The paper concludes by offering several different avenues for future research that could build upon the OECD Steel database.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 87 (April 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.87
    Schlagwort(e): Space sustainability ; space debris ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores selected long-term sustainability issues related to increasing activities in outer space, with a particular focus on the economics of space debris. It reviews trends of selected space sustainability issues and discusses a range of possible policy actions. A notable policy response would be to strengthen space situational awareness systems and data reporting structures, while addressing operator compliance behaviour at both the national and international levels. Adequately addressing these challenges will require a reinforced coordinated international approach, in addition to increased collaboration with the private sector.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 63 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 90 (July 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.90
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report looks at the human resource requirements for data-intensive science, focusing primarily on research conducted in the public sector, and the related challenges and training needs. Digitalisation is, to some extent, being driven by science, while simultaneously affecting all aspects of scientific practice. Open science, including access to data, is being widely promoted, and investment in cyber-infrastructures and digital platforms is increasing; but inadequate attention has been given to the skills that researchers and research support professionals need to fully exploit these tools. The COVID-19 pandemic, which struck as this report was being finalised, has underscored the critical importance of data-intensive science and the need for strategic approaches to strengthening the digital capacity and skills of the scientific enterprise as a whole. The report includes policy recommendations for various actors and good practice examples to support these recommendations.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.91
    Schlagwort(e): research infrastructures ; portfolio management ; user-base ; user access ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report is the outcome of a joint activity between Science Europe and the OECD, and presents a generic framework for improving the use and operation of national research infrastructures (RIs), which play a key role in enabling and developing research in all scientific domains and represent an increasingly large share of research investment. It includes two guiding models: one for portfolio management and one for user-base optimisation. These identify the key principles of an effective national RI portfolio management system and the factors that RI managers should consider with regards to optimising the user base of national RIs. Both guiding models account for the diversity of national systems and RI operation approaches. The report also contains a series of more generic policy recommendations and suggested actions for RI portfolio managers and RI managers.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 95 (December 2020)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.95
    Schlagwort(e): collaborative platforms ; advanced materials ; governance mechanisms ; case studies ; innovation policy ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Advanced materials hold significant potential to create better products and production processes. Yet realising their promise remains challenging: historically it has taken 15 to 20 years from discovery to deployment of new materials in products. Consequently, governments have been creating shared digital and physical infrastructures – “collaborative platforms” – to pool and manage global data, drive the development of nascent industries, and create hubs of interdisciplinary research, development and training. Based on evidence from 12 case studies, this report characterises governance mechanisms of collaborative platforms for advanced materials such as terms of funding, access, and IP policy and explores how they can create different kinds of value. Technology convergence, the engagement of society and digitalisation are identified as key trends. The study describes conditions under which collaborative platforms can align and power value chains, foster standards, catalyse innovation ecosystems and build education, skills and social capital.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9425
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Saurav, Abhishek The Voice of Foreign Direct Investment: Foreign Investor Policy Preferences and Experiences in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides insights to inform government efforts to attract and retain foreign direct investment, by analyzing the results of a survey of more than 2,400 affiliates of multinational enterprises across 10 middle-income countries. The paper explores corporate perspectives and decision-making on countries' legal and regulatory environments, political risk, and investment promotion activities. The survey finds that a business-friendly policy environment is critical to multinational enterprises' investment decisions, confirming the importance of removing regulatory barriers to foreign direct investment (particularly approval processes), lowering political risks, and having investment promotion agencies. The survey results also show that investors are heterogeneous, with affiliates' sectors, trading behaviors, sizes, ages, source countries, and foreign ownership levels affecting their perceptions of and sensitivity to various policy factors. Thus, policy makers should tailor their policy efforts to the needs of priority investor segments. Notably, the analysis consistently finds variation based on the extent to which affiliates import their inputs, suggesting that this relatively understudied topic deserves increased research and policy attention
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9434
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Apedo-Amah, Marie Christine Unmasking the Impact of COVID-19 on Businesses: Firm Level Evidence from across the World
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses worldwide with a focus on developing countries. The results are based on a novel data set collected by the World Bank Group and several partner institutions in 51 countries covering more than 100,000 businesses. The paper provides several stylized facts. First, the COVID-19 shock has been severe and widespread across firms, with persistent negative impact on sales. Second, the employment adjustment has operated mostly along the intensive margin (that is leave of absence and reduction in hours), with a small share of firms laying off workers. Third, smaller firms are disproportionately facing greater financial constraints. Fourth, firms are increasingly relying on digital solutions as a response to the shock. Fifth, there is great uncertainty about the future, especially among firms that have experienced a larger drop in sales, which is associated with job losses. These findings provide a better understanding of the magnitude and distribution of the shock, the main channels affecting businesses, and how firms are adjusting. The paper concludes by discussing some avenues for future research
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9145
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cruz Marcio The Dynamics of High-Growth Firms: Evidence from Tunisia
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the dynamics and characteristics of high-growth firms in Tunisia. Further knowledge about the dynamics of these firms can inform the design of business support policies, especially toward small and medium-size firms. The analysis suggests that between 1999 and 2015, about 9 to 10.5 percent of the firms in Tunisia achieved high-growth status per year, on average, depending on the definition used, and these shares have been remarkably stable over time. Although a small share of firms achieves high growth annually, almost one in every three firms that survive for more than a decade has achieved high-growth status at least once. High-growth status is more prevalent among small and young firms, as well as firms that export, import, or receive foreign direct investments
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9219
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Arza, Valeria Explaining Differences in the Returns to R and D in Argentina: The Role of Contextual Factors and Complementarities
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Argentina's private investment in research and development is well below that of its peers. One important reason may be low and very heterogeneous returns to research and development activities on productivity. This paper uses novel microdata to estimate the returns to research and development and understand the contextual factors that shape their heterogeneity. The paper groups these context-based factors into knowledge complementary factors (that is, factors that affect the returns via learning capabilities from external sources of knowledge) and market complementary factors (factors that act via business capabilities to appropriate the returns to research and development investments). The paper hypothesizes that the effects of contextual factors depend on firms' management capabilities and attitudes (innovative capacity), which determine firms' ability to benefit from the context. The findings suggest that the returns are indeed heterogeneous across regions and sectors, and these results depend on some context-based factors, which can boost or depress the returns to R and D. The results have important policy implications, considering the effectiveness of innovation policies, need for adapting to specific regions and sectors, and maximization of the impact of these factors on the returns to research and development
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 13 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9240
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Avdiu, Besart When Face-To-Face Interactions Become an Occupational Hazard: Jobs in the Time of COVID-19
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: There is a crisis of demand brewing around the globe as social distancing becomes the norm to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. So, which parts of the economy are most in the line of fire? Looking at jobs that can be done at home or that require a high degree of face-to-face interactions with consumers can capture complementary but distinct mechanisms to assess this vulnerability. This paper uses data on 900 job titles from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) database for the United States to demonstrate that there is substantial heterogeneity in vulnerability across industries, income groups, and gender. First, industries vary in whether they emphasize face-to-face interactions and home-based work and the two do not always go hand-in-hand. Second, occupations that are less amenable to home-based work are largely concentrated among the lower wage deciles. Third, a larger share of women's employment is accounted for by occupations that are intensive in face-to-face interactions
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9134
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Peter Knaack Reverse Mortgages, Financial Inclusion, and Economic Development: Potential Benefit and Risks
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the state of reverse mortgage markets in selected countries around the world and considers the potential benefits and risks of these products from a financial inclusion and economic benefit standpoint. Despite potentially increasing demand from aging societies - combined with limited pension income - a series of market failures constrain supply and demand. The paper discusses a series of market failures on the supply side, such as adverse selection, moral hazard, and the costly regulation established to address these problems, leading to only a small number of providers, even in developed markets. Demand-side constraints are equally relevant, in particular high non-interest costs, abuse concerns, and the inability of reverse mortgages to cover key risks facing the elderly, particularly health and elder care. In developing countries, constraints are likely to be even higher than in advanced economies, due to high transaction costs and lack of consumer knowledge and protection. The enabling conditions for such markets to develop are outlined, along with examples of regulatory oversight. The paper concludes that these still seem to be largely products of last resort rather than well-considered purchases as part of good retirement planning
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9213
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9204
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9147
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Ernesto Lopez-Cordova Digital Platforms and the Demand for International Tourism Services
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Tourism is an important source of foreign exchange and employment across developing economies. A scant literature has explored the relationship between tourism and the advent of the internet. This paper contributes to the tourism-trade literature and studies the empirical relationship between international tourism and the adoption of digital technologies that facilitate search about tourism opportunities across countries. It links foreign visits with the spread of the use of the internet in sending countries and the level of development of business-to-consumer digital tools in host countries. The paper estimates a well-specified gravity model of tourist arrivals between country pairs with panel data. The results indicate that frictions affecting bilateral tourism flows have been attenuated by the advent of digital tools. The absolute value of the effects of bilateral geographic distance, language differences, and border-contiguity seem to be reduced by the use of the internet by potential tourists and the business sector in host countries. The results are robust to alternative proxies for internet use for tourism search proxied by data from Google trends. The paper also presents simulations of the potential impacts of advances in the adoption of digital tools over time, linking the adoption process to mechanisms of technology adoption that are commonplace in the literature
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9201
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9281
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Manghnani, Ruchita Exports and Productivity: The Role of Imported Inputs and Investment in R&D
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The empirical evidence on within firm productivity improvements from exports has largely been understated because the measures of revenue productivity used do not account for pricing heterogeneity across firms. Using a panel of Indian firms, the analysis in this paper controls for firm variation in prices and uses proxy methods to retrieve measures of productivity that reflect physical productivity. Within-firm productivity changes from export entry are computed using a difference-in-differences matching estimator. The findings show that, over a six-year period, the difference in productivity growth between export entrants and their non-exporter counterparts is about 11 percentage points. Thus, productivity improvements from selling in international markets have largely been understated in the export-productivity empirical literature. This difference in productivity growth is decomposed into two channels. About 15 percent of the difference in productivity growth is explained by higher imports of intermediate inputs, and about 85 percent is explained by investment in research and development. The evidence suggests that investment in research and development is an important source of within-firm productivity gains even in developing countries
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9397
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Grover, Arti The Energy-Management Nexus in Firms: Which Practices Matter, how Much and for Whom?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Management practices matter for firm performance. As energy is one input in firm production, management practices may interact with energy use. Using a comprehensive firm-level database covering 31 countries, this study documents the link between structured management practices, energy use, and firm performance. The paper reports several findings. First, although management is negatively correlated with energy expenditure, it bears a positive (or 0) relationship with physical energy use, suggesting that management effort is directed toward saving costs but not reducing environmental impact. These results are primarily driven by the manufacturing sector. Second, among the structured management practices examined, those relating to target-setting are associated with reduced energy expenditure intensity. Third, generic management practices are correlated with greater discipline around energy management. Finally, while generic practices are correlated with stronger firm performance in manufacturing and services, energy-centric practices show a positive association only in services. Vast heterogeneity in adoption and outcomes suggests that targeted approaches to encourage energy management practices in firms may be more effective than uniform ones
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9494
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Kilroy, Austin Economic Growth in European Union NUTS-3 Regions
    Schlagwort(e): Economic Growth ; Development Policy ; NUTS-3 Regions ; European Union ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyzes the growth pathways of 1,321 regions in the European Union from 2003 to 2017. The aim is to inform integrated territorial investments and other economic development initiatives in lagging regions. Using the definition of lagging regions from the European Commission's Catching Up Initiative, more than two-thirds of the European Union member states have lagging regions when defined at the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-3 scale. These small lagging regions are often hidden within larger and more prosperous regions. The paper considers the roles of industrial structure, innovation, and inward foreign direct investment as growth-enhancing factors. The findings indicate that the growth dynamics in low-income regions are different from those in regions in other income groups: there is no overall pattern in the contribution of industry to growth but there is a strong association between foreign direct investment and growth. Among low-growth lagging regions - the 171 small regions in the European Union with gross domestic product per capita less than 90 percent of the European Union average, and stagnant or negative growth performance - growth is correlated with construction and innovation. There are also differences in the growth pathways of rural and non-rural regions: growth is associated with moving away from agriculture in rural regions, and it is associated with construction and innovation in non-rural regions. The results imply that a finer geographic scale can be important in policy making and programming of Cohesion Policy Funds, to cater to different needs and opportunities at the scale of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-3 regions
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9497
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Feyen, Erik Taking Stock of the Financial Sector Policy Response to COVID-19 around the World
    Schlagwort(e): Financial Regulation ; COVID-19 Pandemic ; Financial Stability ; Government Policy ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper introduces a new global database and a policy classification framework that records the financial sector policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic across 154 jurisdictions. It documents that authorities around the world have taken a diverse array of measures to mitigate financial distress in markets and for borrowers, and to support the provision of critical financial services to the real economy. Measures that focus on the banking sector constitute the majority of policies taken and aim to take advantage of the flexibility embedded in the international standards. However, emerging markets and developing economies tend to rely more on prudential measures that go beyond this embedded flexibility compared with advanced economies, which may reduce bank balance sheet transparency and increase risks. Using Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regressions, the paper takes initial steps to analyze the determinants of policy makers' responsiveness and activity in emerging markets and developing economies, respectively. The results indicate that policy makers have typically been significantly more responsive and have taken more policy measures in emerging markets and developing economies that are richer and more populous. Countries with higher private debt levels tend to respond earlier with banking sector and liquidity and funding measures. The spread of COVID-19, macro-financial fundamentals, and fiscal and containment policies appear to play a limited role. In a substantially smaller sample, the paper explores the role of banking characteristics and finds that emerging markets and developing economies with higher private credit levels and that have adopted Basel III features have taken fewer policy measures. Future work is necessary for better understanding the country determinants of the policy response as well as the effectiveness and potential unintended consequences of the measures
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9392
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Feyen, Erik Bank Lending Rates and Spreads in Emdes: Evolution, Drivers, and Policies
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyzes the main trends and patterns of nominal lending interest rates and lending-deposit interest rate spreads in emerging markets and developing economies. Using data from 140 emerging markets and developing economies, analysis shows that nominal lending rates and spreads declined between 2003 and 2017, with regional heterogeneity. In addition, it finds that less economically and financially developed countries tend to exhibit higher lending rates and spreads. These higher rates tend to be driven by higher spreads, not deposit interest rates. Also, illustrative regressions suggest that relevant correlates of nominal lending rates include inflation, public debt, and policy interest rate (macro-fiscal conditions); overhead costs, nonperforming loans, and non-interest income (banking characteristics); and credit bureau coverage and time to resolve insolvency (business environment). Finally, illustrative decompositions of the level and 10-year change between 2007 and 2017 of nominal lending rates find relative differences across regions. On the decline of nominal interest rates in that decade, rising public debt and nonperforming loans have pushed rates up, which was counterbalanced by a reduction in inflation, the policy interest rate, and overhead costs and a better business environment. Since the global financial crisis, a common global factor has increased in importance and has contributed to the downward trend in nominal lending rates
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9318
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Bertay, Ata Can Recent Trends in Bank Privatization
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper revisits trends in bank privatization and analyzes their economic impact over the past 25 years. Building on a novel data set of privatization events for 70 developed and developing countries, it shows that bank privatization became more frequent since the Global Financial Crisis, especially in emerging markets such as China and India, but also smaller in that the fraction of a bank's ownership relinquished during privatization events declined. The majority of privatizations happened via public sales in domestic capital markets. The banks that were chosen to be privatized tended to underperform their peers and had weaker asset quality pre-privatization, but the empirical evidence on banks' post-privatization performance is mixed. The paper finds that privatized banks turn toward more traditional banking models and increase credit extension with no apparent negative distributional implications. However, the analysis does not reveal significant differences in bank profitability post-privatization, although differences exist between developed and developing countries. Notably, banks that have been recapitalized prior to privatization perform significantly better afterward privatization
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9442
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cirera, Xavier Do Innovative Firms Pay Higher Wages? Micro-Level Evidence from Brazil
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Several studies have documented a positive and causal relationship product or process innovation - and labor productivity. Given the links between labor productivity and wages, a likely implication of this positive relationship is that innovation is associated with higher wages of more productive firms. This paper explores the relationship between innovation and wages using Brazil's employer-employee census and a novel measure of innovation derived from the share of technical and scientific occupations of workers in the firm. The results show a robust and positive wage premium associated with innovative firms. The decomposition of this innovation-related wage premium suggests a series of important stylized facts: (i) the innovation wage premium is larger for manufacturing but also positive and significant for agriculture and services; (ii) it is larger for large firms, but also positive and significant for all firm size categories including micro firms; and (iii) it is larger for medium- and low-skill occupations, although this depends on the use of firm fixed effects. More importantly, the paper explores the causality between innovation and wages and finds empirical support for the ideas that "self-selection" firms that innovate already pay higher wages before becoming innovators - and increases in wages associated with starting innovation activity, which are persistent for three years after firms start innovating
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9438
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hillberry, Russell Risk Management in Border Inspection
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: As part of their commitments under the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade Facilitation, many developing countries are set to adopt risk management, a strategy for selecting import shipments for inspection. This paper formalizes key enforcement issues related to risk management. It argues that the complexities of international trade oversight mean that inspecting agencies lack certainty about the conditional probability that a given shipment will not comply with import regulations. Ambiguity of this sort is likely to be especially important in developing countries that lack the sophisticated information technology used in advanced risk management systems. This paper formalizes a role for ambiguity in a theoretical model of border inspection. It provides evidence suggesting that ambiguity affects inspection rates. Finally, the paper calibrates the model and shock the ambiguity parameters to illustrate the consequences of an information technology-driven improvement in risk management capabilities for equilibrium rates of search and compliance
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9457
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Calice, Pietro Interest Rate Repression: A New Database
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Financial repression resurfaced in the wake of the global financial crisis and might become a common feature in the post Covid-19 world. To advance knowledge and inform policy advice, this paper presents a new database on interest rate controls, a popular form of financial repression, based on a survey of 108 countries, representing 88 percent of global gross domestic product. The data cover such aspects of interest rate controls as types of controls, legal basis, intended objectives, methodologies, and enforcement rules. In an attempt to provide a meaningful characterization of the data, the paper also provides a preliminarily estimate of the degree of bindingness of the interest rate control regime in a country and presents simple correlations with other financial repression policies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9487
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Iootty, Mariana Corporate Market Power in Romania: Assessing Recent Trends, Drivers, and Implications for Competition
    Schlagwort(e): market power ; competition ; productivity ; resource allocation ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper explores firm-level heterogeneity to identify the underlying drivers of market power trends in Romania and the implications for competition and economic growth. The results show that the (sales-weighted) average markup in Romania increased by around 15 percent between 2008 and 2017. A key driving force behind this aggregate trend was the ability of a small fraction of firms - the top decile firms in the markup distribution - to increase their markups. These firms do not seem to follow the typical superstar firms' profile: they are smaller, less efficient, and less likely to invest in intangible assets than other firms in the markup distribution and overrepresented in less knowledge-intensive service sectors (for example, the retail and trade sector). This suggests that the increase in markups in Romania might be associated with an environment that is less conducive to competition. A decomposition exercise shows that the increase in aggregate markups has been driven mostly by incumbents rather than new entrants and exiting firms, which could be interpreted as a sign of consolidation of market power among existing firms. The paper also finds that certain firm characteristics matter to explain differences in markup performance: size, age, research and development profile, export propensity, location, and especially ownership. Further, the paper shows that additional productivity dividends are associated with increased competition in Romania. Overall, these findings illustrate potential policy angles that need to be tackled to enhance market contestability and boost productivity growth, such as addressing regulations that restrict entry and rivalry in the retail trade sector, which concentrates a substantial proportion of high-markup firms, as well as promoting competitive neutrality across markets where public and private actors compete
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9461
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Grover, Arti Using Experimental Evidence to Inform Firm Support Programs in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Countries design programs for supporting firms, with varying levels of success. Firm growth is constrained by several factors, such as low firm capabilities (e.g. management), availability of finance, and access to markets. Based on the available experimental evidence on firm support programs in developing countries, this paper makes three broad observations. First, there are huge knowledge gaps in understanding the success of instruments that alleviate firm constraints. Various instruments, such as early-stage equity finance, incubators, and accelerators, remain untested due to the lack of good design, results framework, or monitoring and evaluation systems and so on. Second, since these interventions are expensive, policy makers expect such programs to be designed more effectively to pursue their objectives. However, evidence provides little guidance on the criterion for firm selection because the existing evaluations of instruments reveal little information on the heterogeneous impact by firm characteristics, such as the age, size, sector, and location of firms. Third, most interventions seek to address only one of the broad constraints faced by firms. To this end, the paper concludes with a novel proposal for a firm support program that attempts to sequentially address multiple constraints to firm growth. This program will be implemented in Malawi through the "Financial Inclusion and Entrepreneurship Scaling" project
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9393
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Feyen, Erik Cross-Border Banking in Emdes: Trends, Scale, and Policy Implications
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Cross-border banking in emerging markets and developing economies has expanded across most World Bank regions and has become large relative to some home and host economies. This paper analyzes recent trends of bank activities of financial groups headquartered in 46 emerging markets and developing economies, as well as the ownership structure of 51 prominent financial groups from emerging markets and developing economies. The data suggest that cross-border groups in most regions have grown in size, geographical reach, range of activities, and group complexity. The increasing relevance and complexity of cross-border banking pose challenges for policy makers in home and host jurisdictions as well as for the groups themselves to maximize the benefits of international financial integration while mitigating the risks. This balance calls for stronger consolidated supervision, more regional coordination and harmonization, and better group-wide corporate governance and controls. However, key challenges include institutional capacity constraints and political factors
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 109 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9476
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Cirera, Xavier Technology within and across Firms
    Schlagwort(e): Technology ; Firms ; Productivity ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study collects data on the sophistication of technologies used at the business function level for a representative sample of firms in Vietnam, Senegal, and the Brazilian state of Ceara. The analysis finds a large variance in technology sophistication across the business functions of a firm. The within-firm variance in technology sophistication is greater than the variance in sophistication across firms, which in turn is greater than the variance in sophistication across regions or countries. The paper documents a stable cross-firm relationship between technology at the business function and firm levels, which it calls the technology curve. Significant heterogeneity is uncovered in the slopes of the technology curves across business functions, a finding that is consistent with non-homotheticities in firm-level technology aggregators. Firm productivity is positively associated with the within-firm variance and the average level of technology sophistication. Development accounting exercises show that cross-firm variation in technology accounts for one-third of cross-firm differences in productivity and one-fifth of the agricultural versus non-agricultural gap in cross-country differences in firm productivity
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9324
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Feyen, Erik COVID-19 and EMDE Corporate Balance Sheet Vulnerabilities: A Simple Stress-Test Approach
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper conducts a simple stress test to gauge the ability of listed nonfinancial corporates to withstand shocks to earnings and receivables. It targets two basic accounting ratios that capture a firm's ability to cover its short-term liabilities and interest expenses. The full sample consists of almost 17,000 firms in 73 emerging markets and developing economies and represents USD 22.1 trillion in total assets and USD 6.05 trillion in total debt. The findings show that, prior to the pandemic, almost 60 percent of the debt was associated with firms that already exhibited vulnerabilities according to at least one ratio. A 30-percent shock to earnings and receivables raises this to 88 percent, of which 29 percentage points is vulnerable in terms of both indicators, a 230-percent increase compared with before to the pandemic. Firms in East Asia and Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia appear to be the most exposed. Some countries with vulnerable corporate sectors also display weaknesses in insolvency frameworks, which may impede restructurings and write-downs and contribute to a surge in socially inefficient liquidations of cash-strapped but otherwise viable firms
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 286 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 71 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 78 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document presents nine innovation policy initiatives from different OECD countries that support research and innovation for sustainable development by embracing systemic solutions to address the challenge. The three types of initiatives reviewed include: i) grant schemes that support the development of environmental technologies; ii) programmes that foster research collaborations to address environmental challenges; and iii) smart city initiatives that support sustainable development in urban areas often by leveraging the use of digital technologies. The nine policy initiatives, which were selected based on an overview of initiatives gathered by the EC-OECD STIP Compass database, are described with regards to their main features, including policy objective, policy instrument(s) implemented, target groups, selection criteria and procedures, implementation challenges faced as well as their impact.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 76 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: “Innovation ecosystems in the bioeconomy” examines the policy aspects of building the industrial and innovation ecosystems and value chains needed to make a bioeconomy viable as a sustainable means of production. While building biorefineries is more like a formulaic exercise in engineering, enabling these ecosystems and their value chains is a much more complex endeavour. Building on qualitative case studies and face-to-face interviews in eleven participating countries, the study reveals the diverse ways countries are seeking to achieve the goals set by national strategies and policies. The current report draws lessons from this diverse set of national case studies to generate both common and country-specific insights that can enable this transition from a fossil-based economy to a more sustainable one. These lessons include the need for systems-based approaches, attention to policy alignment, more focus on demand-side instruments, diversification of products, enabling medium-sized companies and harnessing converging technologies.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 65 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 280 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policies to support ICT investment are a strategic tool to spur the digital transformation and enhance productivity and growth. However, while most countries do carry out some forms of ICT investment policy, very little is known on the effects of these policies. In order to start filling this gap, this report presents an overview of recent trends in ICT investment in OECD countries; makes an inventory of ICT investment policies in OECD and selected Partner economies; and reviews the evaluation of selected investment programmes in some OECD countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 282 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: In recent years there has been a large number of attempts to estimate the number of platform workers. Lacking a common definition of platform workers, however, these estimates are not comparable across countries and over time. This paper starts to address these issues, by explaining the concept of platform work, reviewing previous attempts to measure platform workers by private agencies and official statistical agencies and examining how different survey questions can affect the understanding of the respondents. The paper also highlights innovative uses of data that provide greater insights into platform workers and concluded with recommendations on how to measure platform workers in the future.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 86 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 284 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The fifth generation of wireless networks, 5G, represents an evolutionary process of previous generations of wireless networks (i.e. 2G, 3G, and 4G). This next generation of wireless technology is intended to provide 20 Gbps download speeds and latency of one millisecond (i.e. download speeds 200 times faster and one-tenth the latency of current 4G networks). This report examines what the future of 5G could mean for communication markets in terms of investment, good practices in spectrum management, competition, coverage and meeting the increasing requirements of the digital transformation. Case studies from OECD countries are the focus of the report, approaching the issue from a two-fold perspective: 5G national strategies, and technological trials. The report also explores how 5G may represent a paradigm shift, as it is the first standard conceived with the Internet of Things (IoT) world in mind, where different connected devices have diverse network requirements.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 37 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 285 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the effects of zero rating, i.e. when a predetermined type of traffic received by consumers is not counted against the download allowance of the Internet access service. The report looks at the economics of zero rating and issues such as the effects of zero rating on competition and innovation. It also compares regulatory approaches across several countries. In terms of economics, the welfare effects of zero rating on consumers can be favourable or unfavourable. While case by case analyses are almost indispensable, the different approaches which regulators and policy makers around the world are taking to zero rating exhibits substantial variation. Nevertheless, it is desirable that regulators and policy makers are alive to both the benefits and the risks associated with zero rating practices, and that in deciding their approach they have regard to the level of competition in both content and ISP markets.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 288 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Building on the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce, this paper aims to provide practical guidance to businesses on online consumer ratings and reviews. The document focuses on four issue areas: (i) fake ratings and reviews; (ii) incentivised ratings and reviews; (iii) negative ratings and reviews; and (iv) misleading moderation practices.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD economic policy paper no. 27 (September 2019)
    Serie: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.27
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper was prepared in support of Japan’s G20 Presidency. It takes stock of ongoing and projected population ageing across G20 economies and its far-reaching implications for economic growth, productivity, inequality within and between generations and the sustainability of public finances. Rising old-age dependency ratios will put the financing of adequate pensions, health and long-term care under high pressure. The paper provides recommendations on policy responses to address ageing-related challenges and highlights good practices. A comprehensive approach is needed, tailored to each country’s institutional and policy settings and social preferences, and may span many areas of public policy: improving the design of public pensions, incentivising private savings, enhancing the efficiency of health care provision, expanding the coverage of social security systems, promoting employability and skills of older workers, and striving for a better labour market inclusion of women, youth and migrants.
    Anmerkung: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 77 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents preliminary evidence on the patenting activities of 21 200 research institutions - 20 091 higher education institutions (HEIs) and 1 109 public research institutes (PRIs) - for 36 OECD countries and China from 1992 to 2014. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry patents. Those jointly filed by industry and research institutions grew even faster. However, research institutions’ share in patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric analysis at postal code level shows that geographical proximity to research institutions is associated with higher industry patenting. Results from an instrumental variable estimation indicate that research institutions positively influence local industry patenting, including in life sciences and digital technologies.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 79 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: What can we learn from new policies implemented in different OECD countries to foster digital and AI-driven innovation? This document reviews and extracts lessons from 12 national policy initiatives (four AI strategies and eight policy programmes) aimed at supporting breakthrough digital and AI-driven innovation and the application of those innovations by industry. Most selected policy initiatives actively involve multiple stakeholders from public research, industry and government, have mixed public-private funding models and seek international co-operation on AI. AI and digital research and innovation centres encourage interdisciplinarity, reduce hierarchies within centres and increase the autonomy of staff to enhance centres’ agility and spur creativity. AI strategies set specific actions to strengthen AI research and capabilities, support business adoption of AI and develop standards for the ethical use of AI. Responsible data-access and sharing regulations, infrastructure investments, and measures to ensure that AI contributes to sustainable and inclusive growth are other priorities.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 70 (April 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.70
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This work investigates how education and training policies may facilitate occupational transitions. It proposes a methodology to estimate cognitive and task-based skill distances across occupation. It identifies the occupational transitions that can occur upon small (of up to 6 months), moderate (up to 1 year) or important (up to 3 years) (re)training spells. “Possible” transitions, i.e. transitions implying reasonable upskilling needs and similar knowledge areas, are distinguished from “acceptable” occupations, i.e. possible transitions entailing limited loss of human capital and income, if any. Possible and acceptable transitions exist for the quasi-totality of occupations, when up to one year of training is considered. Low-skilled occupations display fewer acceptable transitions and generally require higher cognitive or task-based skills. Transitions for many high-skilled occupations entail important wage decreases or skills excesses. Acceptable transitions for occupations at high-risk of automation are harder to find, and tend to require cognitive and task-based skills-related training.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 73 (June 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the gender gap in the funding of innovative start-ups across OECD and BRICS countries using a detailed micro-dataset on start-ups and their founders. Results from empirical analysis show that start-ups with at least one woman in the team of founders are less likely to receive funding by 5-10%. When such start-ups do receive funding, they receive an amount lower by a third compared to start-ups created by male founders. Accounting for founders’ characteristics (their educational background and past professional experience) reduces the gap in likelihood to receive funding, but not the gap in funding amounts. A key conclusion is that addressing the gender gap will require a holistic approach, including through – but not restricted to – the education system. The paper concludes by a discussion of potential mechanisms that could explain the observed gap, presents policy options, and proposes an agenda for future research.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 69 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study quantifies the significant economic gains that are expected to be revealed through the abolition or relaxation of local content based policies. The work analyses two specific local content policies affecting directly or indirectly the shipbuilding industry in two countries: Brazil’s local content requirement as part of national concession contracts in the oil and gas sector, and the long-standing US Jones Act obliging intra-US seaborne trade to be conducted on US built and US flagged vessels. The paper’s static simulation exploits OECD’s latest Trade-in-Value-Added (TiVA) data – a rich database on Inter-Country Input-Output relationships. The database has been disaggregated to the level of the shipbuilding industry, enabling an assessment of the effect of the two selected policies on inter-industry trade. The simulation results suggest large economic benefits for both countries in the long-term despite initial losses in the target industry.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 72 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 72 (May 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the factors associated with the intensity of “mass lay-offs” across countries and industries, controlling for the dynamics of overall employment. The results suggest that some important drivers of structural transformation (e.g. digitalisation and globalisation) are not as clearly linked to mass lay-offs as one might expect, once their impact on overall job destruction is accounted for. The report also investigates the re-employability prospects of workers in sectors at high risk of mass lay-offs. Finally, the paper draws implications for different areas of policymaking, from labour market policy to industrial policy and also trade policy.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 75 (August 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Schiffsfinanzierung ; Schiffbau ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report presents an overview and trends of the ship finance practices in major shipbuilding economies. Ship finance is a broad term that involves corporate financial management of shipping companies and shipyards as well as new-building finance. Shipping companies need funds in order to refinance their debts, to sustain their working capital and to acquire vessels. Shipyards also need to finance their working capital before delivering orders and receiving full payments. There are two main sources of capital allowing shipping companies to finance their businesses; raising money through equity financing (sales of shares) or debt (loans and bonds). In the case of shipbuilding, debt financing includes using leasing schemes. Given the fact that the maritime industry is highly capital intensive, and with the 2008 Global Financial Crisis’ depressing effects on global economy and international trade, its financing has become critical for the shipbuilding sector and shipping companies around the world.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 273 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Wissensgesellschaft ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report examines key properties – or “vectors” – of the digital transformation that fundamentally affect the economy and society and accordingly the design and efficacy of public policies. It explores three main areas where digital transformation affects the ways the economy and society are operating, i.e.: a) scale, scope and speed; b) ownership, assets and economic value; and c) relationships, markets and ecosystems. Exposing the underlying nature of change, the seven vectors provide insights on how the transformation challenges policies that are frequently predicated on an analogue world of tangible products and assets, fixed geographic boundaries and physical locations, on transaction costs that limit the scale and scope of interactions and offerings, and on supply and demand conditions that reflect scarcity. The objective of this report is to support the review of existing and the design of new policies to ensure that they are well‑suited to the digital era.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 277 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Automatisierung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses automation trends and its effect on employment in OECD countries. On average, robots are found to be associated with a reduction in employment in elementary occupations – those requiring the lowest levels of skills – and an increase in employment in high-skill occupation such as professionals and technicians. For occupations in the middle of the skills distribution the correlation is strong and negative. In general, therefore, these estimates do not support the hypothesis of labour market polarisation, i.e.: an increase in both high-skill and low-skill employment. However, in a few countries - notably the United States - this report finds evidence of labour market polarisation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 64 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a first assessment of the degree to which public research contributes to innovative entrepreneurship, using data on start-ups and venture capital (VC). It looks at academic start-ups founded by recent undergraduates and doctorate students or researchers. It shows that academic start-ups represent 15% of all start-ups in the specific sample under scrutiny. Their share is higher in science-based technological fields such as biotechnology (23%). Across the majority of countries and technology fields, start-ups created by undergraduate students represent the highest share of all academic start-ups. As to their performance, start-ups founded by researchers are more likely to patent and those founded by students introduce innovations that are more radical compared to other start-ups. While start-ups founded by undergraduate students receive less VC funding and are less likely to exit via IPO or acquisition, those created by researchers are as successful as their non-academic counterparts.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 66 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Countries deploy a variety of financial, regulatory and soft policy instruments to promote science-industry knowledge exchange. While these instruments are often discussed in isolation, they are implemented collectively and may reinforce and complement but also weaken or even negatively affect each other and add excessive complexity. This paper develops a conceptual framework to map policy instruments for knowledge exchange and assess the interactions between them. The framework also considers how national contexts and global trends influence the choice of policy instruments. Policy examples drawn from the EC-OECD STIP Compass database and from case studies show that there are significant differences across countries in the relative importance given to each policy instrument in terms of budget, target groups, eligibility criteria, time horizon and implementation. These differences are also a consequence of different country conditions.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 291 (November 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Künstliche Intelligenz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping economies, promising to generate productivity gains, improve efficiency and lower costs. At the same time, AI is also fuelling anxieties and ethical concerns. As AI’s impacts permeate our societies, its transformational power must be put at the service of people and the planet. This document presents the work conducted by the Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence at the OECD (AIGO) to scope principles to foster trust in and adoption of AI. In particular, this paper presents a common understanding of what is an AI system as well as a framework that details the stages of the AI system lifecycle. This work informed the draft Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. On 22 May 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation – also referred to as the OECD AI Principles – at the Ministerial level.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 42 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 63 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Multinationales Unternehmen ; Ausländische Tochtergesellschaft ; Globale Wertschöpfungskette ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Input-Output-Analyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) play an important role in host countries’ domestic value chains as part of the global activities of these companies in GVCs. MNE affiliates create directly large volumes of output, value added, international trade and jobs, and in addition they generate also important indirect effects. Foreign affiliates in host countries are not only sourcing locally produced inputs, tradeable as well as non-tradeable, but also produce final and intermediate products sold and used within the domestic economy. Based on the OECD Analytical AMNE database, this paper analyses the domestic linkages of MNE affiliates in host economies in order to get better insights in the role MNEs play across countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 275 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationsversorgung ; Infrastruktur ; Sicherheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses responses to a questionnaire circulated to OECD delegations for the review of the 2008 OECD Recommendation on the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure (CIIP). It includes suggestions to guide the updating of the Recommendation. The update comes against a backdrop of fast digital transformation and increased digital reliance of businesses and governments; increased frequency and severity of cybersecurity attacks on critical information infrastructure; the rise of state-sponsored attacks including digital sabotage and espionage; and increased capacity of attackers. The update of the Recommendation serves as an opportunity to make changes to its purpose and scope; to insert key messages based on overarching themes from the responses; and to adjust the Recommendation in line with current and anticipated evolutions in contexts, risks and policies.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 39 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 274 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Politik ; Öffentliche Verwaltung ; E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digitalisation is having a profound impact on social and economic activity. While often benefiting from a very long history of public investment in R&D, digitalisation has been largely driven by the private sector. However, the combined adoption of new digital technologies, increased reliance upon new data sources, and use of advanced analytic methods hold significant potential to: i) improve the effectiveness and enforcement of public policies; ii) enable innovative policy design and impact evaluation, and; iii) expand citizen and stakeholder engagement in policy making and implementation. These benefits are likely to be greatest in policy domains where outcomes are only observable at significant cost and/or where there is significant heteroregeneity in responses across different agents. In this paper we provide a review of initiatives across a number of fields including: competition, education, environment, innovation, and taxation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 61 (February 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.61
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This study proposes experimental estimates of the monetary cost of the training needed to move workers across occupations. Occupations of destination are held “acceptable” if they are close, in terms of skills requirements, and entail small wage cuts and skills excesses (if any) relative to the occupation of origin. The total estimated cost encompasses the direct cost of undertaking the training, and workers’ opportunity cost, in terms of foregone wages. The minimum cost of moving workers in occupations at high risk of automation (ROA) to occupations where they are not at such risk (so called “safe haven”) is estimated to range between 1-5% of one year GDP, on average across the countries considered. At the worker level, occupational transitions’ costs increase with the cognitive skills and the average age of the workers in the occupation of origin, and with the proportion of workers at high ROA in manufacturing.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 272 (January 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Online-Marketing ; Verbraucherschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Online advertising is now the dominant form of advertising in many OECD countries, and offers businesses the ability to reach consumers in ways that could only have been imagined previously. Online advertising has the potential to benefit consumers through more relevant and timely advertising, and by funding a host of “free” online services. However, it also raises some new and complex challenges for consumers and consumer protection authorities. This report by the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy provides an introduction to the complex landscape that is online advertising. It outlines the potential benefits and risks for consumers, drawing on the behavioural insights literature where relevant.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 276 (February 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Informationstechnik ; Investition ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report investigates the hypothesis that the real contribution of ICT investment may be masked in official statistics because intermediate ICT expenditures embodied in non-ICT capital assets are not treated as ICT investment. Based on detailed SUTs collected in 12 OECD countries, the report presents estimates of indirect ICT investment, i.e. the value of ICT inputs embodied in non-ICT capital assets. ICT investment appears significantly higher when considering its indirect component, the average increase being about 35%. In addition, the inclusion of indirect ICT investment changes significantly the relative position of countries with respect to the ICT intensity of their investments.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 278 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report uses a standard gravity setup to analyse the determinants of e-commerce, using data on online credit card payments by private Spanish customers of the multinational bank BBVA. The results show that the gravity model applies well to credit card payments, explaining up to 95% of the variation in the data. The analysis finds potentially large border effects for trade between any two regions or countries, implying that individuals tend to purchase more from their home region or domestically than from other places. The estimates also suggest that the effect of distance might be slightly less important for e-commerce transactions than for offline trade, although the death of distance hypothesis is clearly rejected by the data.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 279 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of the Council on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce by elaborating on its key principles in the context of online advertising and offering practical guidance on how to apply these principles. For these purposes, the guide provides a number of good practice examples from policy makers, consumer enforcement agencies, and stakeholders that are relevant to the key principles. Building on those examples, the guide also offers tips for businesses in four areas of online advertising: (i) misleading marketing practices; (ii) ad identification; (iii) endorsements; and (iv) protection of children or vulnerable consumers.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 281 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: On 15-16 February 2018 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) hosted a Workshop on Digital Security and Resilience in Critical Infrastructure and Essential Services. The workshop brought together over 120 participants to discuss the effects of growing digital transformation on the resilience of critical infrastructures and essential services which rely increasingly on cross-border digital infrastructure. Over 25 experts discussed digital security in the financial, energy and transport sectors, in relation to the delivery of public sector services, and from the digital security public policy making perspective. Issues faced by SMEs were also addressed throughout the event. This report provides key cross-cutting high-level policy messages from the workshop, an issues paper developed to prepare the event, as well as a detailed account of discussions in each session.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 69 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 283 (June 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Datensicherheit ; IT-Kriminalität ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report synthesises an OECD project to develop a framework and a set of statistical indicators that can be used to assess the digital security (cybersecurity) risk management practices of businesses. A survey instrument aligned with the framework was developed and piloted. After a general introduction, the report starts with a brief overview of the state of affairs in the measurement of digital security risk and its management prior to the OECD project. It provides an in-depth explanation of the measurement framework for the assessment of digital security risk management practices in businesses and an analysis of the outcomes of a pilot survey instrument based on the measurement framework, tested with members of the Federation of European Risk Management Associations (FERMA) in 2018. The conclusion of the report provides recommendations for future efforts that build on this project.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 287 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses different models for how operators may provide access to communication services over the next five to ten years. To that end, it analyses leading-edge demand and examines the type of companies that serve this demand. It then clusters and compares different categories of operators. These include traditional (vertically integrated) mobile and fixed broadband providers; (vertically integrated) cable operators; wholesale-only operators (utility); wireline wholesale-only providers; wireless wholesale-only providers; and (terminal) equipment and online service providers. The report outlines the most important developments in these categories before signalling emerging technologies that may influence operators in the future. It concludes by comparing different types of operators against policy objectives.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 59 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 62 (March 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.62
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This work analyses the role of the digital transformation for business dynamics across countries. The analysis combines unique harmonised data on business dynamics for 15 countries with a multi-dimensional measure of digital intensity that takes into account different facets of the digital transformation. Two key stylised facts emerge. First, digital intensive sectors – especially digital intensive services – are on average more dynamic than other sectors of the economy. Second, business dynamism has been declining in digital intensive sectors, and more so than in other sectors, especially after 2001. Despite an important role is played by technology, significant differences across countries still remain and are related to a number of institutional and policy factors.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 80 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Umweltpolitik ; Energietechnik ; Umwelttechnik ; Smart City ; OECD-Staaten ; EU-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This monograph benchmarks innovation policies for sustainability, focusing on two key areas: low-carbon and environmental technologies, and “smart-city” initiatives in selected OECD countries as well as the European Union. Country coverage of low-carbon technologies includes both natural resource-based energy-rich countries (e.g. Canada and the United States) and energy-challenged countries (e.g. Germany and Japan). Country or regional coverage of smart cities programmes focuses on Australia, Austria, Finland and Sweden, as well as two international programmes operated by the European Commission and the Nordic Council. The monograph assess the policies’ sectoral priorities. It reviews their portfolio of instruments, budgets, and monitoring and evaluation strategies, international co-operation strategies and identifies critical success factors.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 81 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Policies to boost the impact of public research can be classified into three broad categories. Firstly, policy initiatives promoting research excellence encourage frontier research by providing large-scale, long-term competitive funding to selected research centres. Secondly, policies supporting knowledge transfer aim at commercialising the results of public research through patent licensing, spin-off companies, and other channels. Thirdly, policies promoting science-industry co-creation focus on fostering more intense modes of research collaboration through joint funding, shared facilities and mixed teams; often involving other civil society stakeholders besides public research institutions and firms. This paper illustrates the variety of options available within each of these three types of policies, based on a review of twelve case studies across nine different countries. The analysis draws attention to the design options, budgets, implementation challenges, international scope, evaluation practices and lessons learnt from these policy initiatives.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 83 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document presents twelve policy initiatives supporting health and the bioeconomy from different OECD countries. The initiatives reviewed include: i) funding for public health centres that translate biomedical research into clinical research and care; ii) cross-border public-private consortia around health research and innovation; iii) strategies developed by national health agencies promoting translational research; and iv) national high-level strategies for the bioeconomy. It also provides a comparison of these initiatives with a focus on policy objectives, targets groups, sectoral priorities, budget, time horizon, selection criteria, international collaboration, and evaluation of the initiatives.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 84 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Innovationssystem ; Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Forschungskosten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This document provides learnings from 13 case studies on governance mechanisms of national and supranational science, technology and innovation initiatives. As countries strive to resolve societal challenges, “mission-oriented” approaches complement traditional ones centred on national competitiveness, specific industrial sectors or technologies. Governance settings contribute overall to a more inclusive, transparent and responsible STI system, in particular through a whole-of-government approach, the consultation of academia, the private sector and civil society, the implementation of strategies by professional agencies, and the increasingly common use of evaluation. Several critical dimensions facilitate the success of STI policies. They include a commitment at the highest level of government, strong public-private collaboration in R&D, continuous evaluation and improvement, a “mission-oriented” approach, coherence of policies and flexibility in setting priorities, as well as overall harmonisation and rationalisation of programmes in order to maximise efficiency and reduce duplication.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 85 (December 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.85
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates how digital technologies have shaped the concentration of inventive activity in cities across 30 OECD countries. It finds that patenting is highly concentrated: from 2010 to 2014, 10% of cities accounted for 64% of patent applications to the European Patent Office, with the top five (Tokyo, Seoul, San Francisco, Higashiosaka and Paris) representing 21.8% of applications. The share of the top cities in total patenting increased modestly from 1995 to 2014. Digital technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more than in Japan and Europe over the two decades. Econometric results confirm that digital technology relates positively to patenting activities in cities and that it benefits top cities, in particular, thereby strengthening the concentration of innovation in these cities.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 82 (October 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This policy paper outlines major policy trends in public support of innovation activities in industry and SMEs across OECD countries. It discusses the policy mix to strengthen business R&D and innovation, and possible avenues to improve this mix in response to evolving needs, driven new trends in technology and other factors. Across the OECD, governments strive to reinforce international competitiveness through a variety of policy initiatives supporting business innovation. In particular, these initiatives facilitate the technological upgrading of existing industries and the development of strategic sectors. Twelve case studies discuss selected initiatives in the following areas: Support for innovative enterprises and clusters, development of strategic industrial sectors in particular in manufacturing, and the transition of industry towards new production methods (Industry 4.0). While the dimensions for the effective implementation of these initiatives vary, this paper identifies some features that may help identify good practices in their design, implementation and evaluation.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 289 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper takes stock of recent developments related to online consumer ratings and reviews and their effects on consumer behaviour. It provides an overview of key consumer benefits and risks associated with user-generated feedback, and identifies consumer policy challenges, including misleading and deceptive practices, a lack of accuracy, and consumer biases. It also points to issues for further consideration by consumer policy makers and enforcement authorities, as well as businesses and consumer organisations.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 65 (March 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Research Infrastructures (RIs) are indispensable for enabling and developing research in almost all scientific domains and represent an increasingly large share of research investment. As policy makers, funding agencies and RI management are increasingly expected to justify key decisions about implementing new projects or investing in existing ones, there is a demand for credible methodologies for assessing the overall impact of RIs. This report proposes a “Framework for assessing the scientific and socio-economic impact of research infrastructures”. It aims to provide funders, decision-makers and RI managers with a generic and versatile tool, based on current community practices, to evaluate the achievement of scientific and socio-economic objectives in a realistic way. The framework can be adapted for different types of RIs and different stages in the RI lifecycle. This tool should facilitate the communication and reporting between different RI stakeholders.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 64 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 67 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses market-distorting factors in the shipbuilding industry with a focus on government interventions. This paper argues that government interventions in this cyclical industry do more harm than good by exacerbating and prolonging economic downturns through two channels. First, it promotes an over-ordering of vessels through lower delivery time, distorting ship buyers’ investment behaviour. Second, it may maintain unproductive capacity in the market that re-enters a new economic cycle, restarting the vicious circle of industrial excess capacity. Against the background of the global nature of this industry, these channels reinforce the case for effective international disciplines on government interventions. Overall, the mature nature of the shipbuilding industry undermines the need for an active industrial policy, beyond facilitating structural adjustment, and emphasizes the necessity for a horizontal policy approach. The work seeks to provide policy makers with a better understanding of how different factors can contribute to excess capacity.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 49 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 68 (April 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report includes an overview of the ship recycling market by providing descriptive statistics, describing the determinants for the decision of ship-owners to demolish vessels, and elaborating on the main market players and the economics of ship recycling. It furthermore provides an outlook of demolition volumes based on ship value estimates, and assesses the impact of the latest implemented international regulation – the Ballast Water Management Convention – on the industry. Since this market faces challenges to recycle vessels in an environmentally sustainable and health-protecting way, the report offers ideas to help solving these difficulties by looking at policies implemented in other industries. Special focus is given to the aircraft and vehicle industries as their characteristics in terms of recycling approach and earnings model are relevant to ship recycling. Most of the presented policies and initiatives have at least one aspect in common, namely the shared responsibility throughout the supply chain.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and innovation policy papers no. 71 (May 2019)
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.71
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: How are OECD countries supporting digital innovation and ensuring that benefits spread across the economy? This paper explores the current landscape of strategies and initiatives implemented in OECD countries to support innovation in the digital age. It identifies common trends and differences in national digital, smart industry and artificial intelligence (AI) strategies. The paper also discusses policy instruments used across OECD to support digital innovation targeting four objectives: First, policies aimed at enhancing digital technology adoption and diffusion, including demonstration facilities for SMEs. Second, initiatives that promote collaborative innovation, including via the creation of digital innovation clusters and knowledge intermediaries. Third, support for research and innovation in key digital technologies, particularly AI (e.g. by establishing testbeds and regulatory sandboxes). Fourth, policies to encourage digital entrepreneurship (e.g. through early-stage business acceleration support).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 53 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 74 (July 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Digital technologies impact innovation in all sectors of the economy, including traditional ones such as agriculture, the automotive industry, and retail. Similar trends across sectors include that the Internet of Things and data are becoming key inputs for innovation, innovation cycles are accelerating, services innovation is gaining importance and collaborative innovation matters more. Sector-specific dynamics are driven by differences in opportunities such technologies offer for innovation in products, processes and business models, as well as differences in the types of data needed for innovation and the conditions for digital technology adoption. The analysis calls for revisiting innovation policy mixes to ensure these remain effective and address emerging challenges. A sectoral approach is needed when designing innovation policies in some domains, especially regarding data access and digital technology adoption policies. The current focus of innovation policies on boosting R&D to meet R&D intensity targets also requires scrutiny.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 290 (September 2019)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper aims to complement the OECD Recommendation of on Consumer Protection in E-Commerce and discuss consumer policy issues associated with consumer data practices, offering greater insights into how consumer protection authorities can and have applied the principles in the Recommendation to address those issues. The guide focuses on selected consumer data practices, including: i) deceptive representations about consumer data practices; ii) misrepresentations by omission; and iii) unfair consumer data practices. It then provides key business tips to comply with consumer protection principles under the E-commerce Recommendation.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 8996
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Grover Goswami, Arti Management Capabilities and Performance of Firms in the Russian Federation
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Using the management and operational practices survey in the Russian Federation, this paper finds that an average Russian manufacturing firm adopts 43 percent of the structured management practices (a score of 0.43), a value that is far from the frontier (for example, the United States scores 0.62). This average mask the wide heterogeneity in practices, where a large share of firms adopt few structured management practices and only 3.5 percent of them have a score over 0.75. Consistent with the findings in other countries, better managed firms in Russia show stronger firm performance, measured as gross revenue per employee, value added per employee, total factor productivity, and employment growth. Improving the management score from the 10th to the 90th percentile is associated with an increase in sales per worker by 87 percent, value added per worker by 30 percent, and total factor productivity by 13.5 percent. What drives better management capabilities? Russian firms are similar to those in other countries, such that exporters and firms with foreign linkages are better managed. Switching from operating purely in the domestic market to being globally linked is associated with a significant increase in management capabilities. However, unlike the results in other countries, management capabilities in Russia are not associated with firm age, implying that firms do not learn to be better managed over their life cycle. This result points to the possibility of inefficient allocation of resources, such that learning and selection mechanism does not weed out the badly managed firms, perhaps due to the lack of pro-competitive forces
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 31 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9031
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als David, Joel M Capital Allocation in Developing Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper investigates the sources of capital misallocation across a group of 11 developing and developed countries. The main findings are (i) technological frictions, namely, adjustment costs and uncertainty, account for only a modest share of observed misallocation, leaving ample scope for other factors; (ii) heterogeneity in firm-level technologies potentially explains between one-quarter and one-half; but (iii) dispersion in markups is much smaller; and (iv) after accounting for these factors, on average, at least 50 percent of misallocation within each of these countries remains unexplained, suggesting a large role for additional, potentially distortionary factors. These factors are largely attributable to a component that is correlated with firm size/productivity and one that is essentially permanent to the firm. The paper reports a broad set of moments describing firm-level investment dynamics and detailed parameter estimates on a country-by-country basis, with an eye toward future work in this area
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9062
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Leila Aghabarari Credit Cycles in Countries in the MENA Region: Do They Exist? Do They Matter?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper estimates private sector credit cycles for most of the oil-importing and oil-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa. Credit cycles are the medium-term component in spectral analysis of real private sector credit growth. In addition, the paper estimates the credit cycles for several Western countries and Japan. The analysis finds substantial differences and rare similarities between credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa and developed countries. Over 1964-2017, credit cycles in the Middle East and North Africa do not appear to be associated with real gross domestic product growth. They only explain a fraction of the growth in private sector credit, and they do not seem to be synchronized across oil exporters and oil importers
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9067
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Arti Grover Management Practices in Croatia: Drivers and Consequences for Firm Performance
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: Embedding management and operational practices survey in a broader firm capabilities survey, this paper finds that an average firm in Croatia scores 0.532 on structured management practices, which is farther from the frontier (0.615 in the United States). This average, however, masks the wide heterogeneity in management practices among firms. Relative to advanced countries, a large share of firms in Croatia are badly managed. Management is particularly worse in services and more so in non-knowledge intensive services. Better managed firms show superior performance: improving the management score from the 10th decile to the 90th decile is expected to improve sales per employee by 36 percent, profits by 33 percent and the probability to innovate by 11 percent. Likewise, better managed firms more likely use sophisticated technologies and have a higher probability of accessing external finance. What drives firms to improve their management practices? As elsewhere in the world, global linkages of firms matter. However, unlike the evidence in advanced countries, management capabilities in Croatia is negatively associated with firm age, especially in services, indicating the possibility of allocative inefficiency, where learning and selection mechanism does not weed out the badly managed firms perhaps due to the lack of pro-competitive forces
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9097
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Hallward-Driemeier Mary Have Robots Grounded The Flying Geese? Evidence From Greenfield FDI In Manufacturing
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: For decades, manufacturers around the world have outsourced production to countries with lower labor costs. However, there is a concern that robotization in high-income countries will challenge this shifting international division of labor known as the "flying geese" paradigm. Greenfield foreign direct investment decisions constitute a forward-looking indicator of where production is expected, rather than trade flows that reflect past investment decisions. Exploiting differences across countries and industries, the intensity of robot use in high-income countries has a positive impact on foreign direct investment growth from high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries over 2004-15. Past a threshold, however, increased robotization in high-income countries has a negative impact on foreign direct investment growth. Only 3 percent of the sample exceeds the threshold level beyond which further automation results in negative foreign direct investment growth and is consistent with re-shoring. For another 25 percent of the sample, the impact of robotization on the growth of foreign direct investment is positive, but at a rate that is declining. So, although these are early warning signs, automation in high-income countries has resulted in growing foreign direct investment for more than two-thirds of the sample under consideration. Some geese may be slowing, but for now, most continue to fly
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9099
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Grover Arti Firms Far Up! Productivity, Agglomeration, And High-Growth Firms In Ethiopia
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: High-growth firms have been widely studied in advanced countries, but little is known about such stellar performers in Africa. Using establishment-level data from Ethiopia, this paper finds that the incidence of high-growth firms stands at an average of 7 percent, a figure comparable to that of advanced countries. High-growth episodes are short-lived, and the likelihood of survival or a subsequent episode is not any higher for high-growth firms. It is difficult for firms to sustain high growth, and the likelihood of a repeated episode is low. There is only a 6.5 percent chance that a manufacturing plant in Ethiopia will repeat a high-growth event in the subsequent three-year period. This likelihood is not greater than that of plants that did not experience high growth in the previous period. The paper explores the drivers of high growth and finds a tight link between exemplary performance and initial plant productivity, which is robust to many controls, including plant location. Plants located in Ethiopia's capital city or agglomerations have a higher probability of high growth. And high growth in plant employment is found to be self-reinforcing, that is, past high-growth experience is positively and significantly associated with subsequent growth in firm productivity
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9069
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Boris Fisera Basel III Implementation and SME Financing: Evidence for Emerging Markets and Developing Economies
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines the effect of Basel III implementation on the access to finance of small and medium-size enterprises in 32 emerging markets and developing economies. Analyzing rich, repeated cross-sectional data and a panel of matched firm-bank data in a difference-in-differences setting with sample selection adjustment, the authors find a short-term, moderately negative effect of Basel III on small and medium-size enterprises' access to financing. The results suggest that firms with access to bank credit prior to Basel III implementation could have been affected less than firms that were initially on the fringes of financial inclusion-firms with only a bank account. The paper fails to find any additional heterogeneous effects across firm size or age, bank capitalization or liquidity, or across countries that transitioned to Basel III from Basel II versus Basel 2.5. Overall, the initial conditions of the banking system as well as of complementary business and financial regulation can co-determine the size of short-term costs from the newly implemented global financial regulation in emerging markets and developing economies
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 27 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: Policy research working paper 9055
    Serie: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Serie: Policy research working paper
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Arandara, Rathnija Index Insurance: A Viable Solution for Irrigated Farming?
    Schlagwort(e): Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This paper documents the practical experience of deploying index insurance in a tropical country whose agriculture is dependent on dual sources of water: rainfall and irrigation. The paper introduces an innovative hybrid index insurance product based on the authors' experience of piloting the concept. The hybrid product was created to address the higher basis risk of using a single rainfall trigger that ignores the hydrological conditions on the ground. The paper brings forth findings from a live pilot in selected locations-with varied agro-climatic conditions-in Sri Lanka under the World Bank Group's Global Index Insurance Facility. The findings indicate that the new hybrid product performs better than the single trigger (rainfall-based) index insurance product, thereby reducing the basis risk faced by farmers. The paper also shares some of the practical limitations in deploying the product
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 54 (September 2018)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The report provides an independent and comprehensive evaluation of the economic and social impact of the Italian policy framework for innovative start-ups, also known as the “Start-up Act”, first introduced by the Decree-law 179 in 2012. The policy aims at creating a more favourable environment for small innovative start-ups through a number of complementary instruments, including “fast-track” and zero cost incorporation, simplified insolvency procedures, tax incentives for equity investments, and a public guarantee scheme for bank credit. While the report focuses only on Italy, the “Start-up Act” can be seen as a very useful “laboratory” to inform policies for innovative entrepreneurship across OECD member countries. The evaluation highlights that the impact of the policy on beneficiary firms has been positive overall, but that complementary policy actions in other areas are required in order to further realise the full potential of Italian innovative start-ups.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 60 (November 2018)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: First the bioeconomy and then circular economy have gained political traction during the second decade of this century. There are synergies to be exploited, but also potential misalignments. The movement of bioeconomy toward the use of wastes, co-products and residue sources resonates well with circular economy principles of making the most efficient of uses of natural resources, as does as transition in focus from virgin to secondary materials in production. However, poorly aligned waste characterisation as well as biomass competition reflect both theoretical and practical conflicts between industrial and environmental policy. Further, waste markets can be disrupted as some materials that currently go to recycling, landfill or incineration could in the future be bound for biorefineries, with implications for waste management markest and public infrastructure. Policies promoting the cascading use of biomass could help mitigate these tensions by achieving high resource productivity.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD digital economy papers no. 271 (October 2018)
    Schlagwort(e): Internet der Dinge ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: The Cancun Ministerial mandate on the Digital Economy (2016) highlighted the importance of developing Internet of Things (IoT) metrics to assess the effects of the IoT in different policy areas. Accordingly, this report reviews different definitions of IoT in view of establishing an operational definition for the CDEP work, and proposes a taxonomy for IoT measurement. The report also explores potential challenges for communication infrastructures due to the exponential growth of IoT devices through the application of connected and automated vehicles. This IoT application was chosen as the data transmission requirements of fully automated vehicles may have substantial implications for network infrastructure, and therefore may require prioritisation in terms of measurement.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    [Paris] : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 47 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Serie: OECD science, technology and industry policy papers no. 53 (September 2018)
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Kurzfassung: This report assesses the extent and implications of the presence of state enterprises in the steel industry. There are concerns about the potential lack of transparency and accountability as well as competitive advantages that state enterprises may have over competitors. In 2016, 22 of the world’s 100 largest steelmaking companies were state enterprises, representing at least 32% of global crude steel output in 2016. Firm-level data suggest that state enterprises in the steel sector are likely to be associated with weaker economic performance and higher levels of indebtedness, compared to private enterprises. The analysis in this paper shows that this is particularly relevant for state enterprises located in non-OECD economies. Data on steelmaking capacity investments show that state enterprises have contributed significantly to the increase in global steelmaking capacity, although financial data show that state enterprises obtain lower profits for each unit of fixed costs than comparable private counterparts.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...