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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (3,140)
  • Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economics Department  (38)
  • Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Finance and Investment  (1,408)
  • Graue Literatur  (1,035)
  • Industry and Services  (947)
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Publisher
Keywords
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How was life? (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/3d96efc5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Journal of Southeast Asian studies (from 1970-)
    Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press | Singapore : McGraw-Hill Far Eastern Publishers | Singapore : Singapore Univ. Press ; 1.1970 -
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4634 , 1474-0680 , 1474-0680
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1970 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Journal of Southeast Asian studies
    Former Title: Vorg. Journal of Southeast Asian history
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Singapur ; Geschichtswissenschaft ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Regionalstudien ; Südostasien ; Islam ; Islam Südostasien ; Südostasien ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Repr.: Amsterdam : Swets & Zeitlinger , Urh. bis 31.2000: University of Singapore , Ersch. dreimal jährl., bis 31.2000 zweimal jährl.
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    Journal/Serial
    Ethn. Museum Berlin
    MPI-MMG
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264740976 , 9789264649675 , 9789264589469
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Los Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia son una herramienta valiosa para reformar y fortalecer el marco de competencia de un país. Este examen inter-pares de la República Dominicana presenta la evolución de su régimen de competencia en los últimos años y evalúa la eficacia de su actual legislación y política de competencia. El examen proporciona recomendaciones para ayudar a la República Dominicana a fortalecer su régimen de competencia y sus instituciones, desarrolladas y discutidas en el examen inter-pares llevado a cabo durante el Foro de Competencia de América Latina y el Caribe OCDE-BID 2023.
    DOI: 10.1787/82adc1ba-es
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clean Energy Finance and Investment Roadmap of the Philippines (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/7a13719d-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc : De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264532243 , 9789264582149 , 9789264910720
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Morocco
    Abstract: Le Rapport De l’engagement à la mise en œuvre : assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes au Maroc analyse les politiques publiques marocaines en faveur de l’autonomisation économique des femmes dans le cadre de la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’égalité femmes-hommes dans l’éducation, l’emploi et l’entrepreneuriat à laquelle le pays a adhéré en 2018. Il fournit un cadre stratégique global visant à déverrouiller le potentiel économique des femmes, afin qu’elles puissent pleinement contribuer au développement durable du Maroc et bénéficier de ses retombées économiques et sociales. Ce cadre stratégique global - développé dans le cadre de la seconde phase du programme pays Maroc de l’OCDE - vise à soutenir la mise en œuvre du troisième Plan Gouvernemental pour l’Égalité (PGE III). Il préconise une approche multi-cibles et multi-sectorielle, mettant l'accent sur des politiques de soin transformatrices pour créer des emplois décents, alléger les tâches domestiques et de soin, et remettre en cause les stéréotypes de genre, soulignant l'importance de l'évolution des normes socio-culturelles pour favoriser l'intégration des femmes sur le marché du travail.
    DOI: 10.1787/d4312bd3-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Consumer Finance Risk Monitor (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319882 , 9789264952195 , 9789264376472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finanzprodukt ; Private Finanzplanung ; Verbraucherkredit ; Finanzrisiko ; Verbraucherschutz ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Using original data collected from governments around the globe, the Consumer Finance Risk Monitor analyses the constantly evolving issues and risks facing consumers of financial products and services. It examines consumer harms and complaints in five product markets (banking and payments, credit, insurance, investments and pensions) and describes regulatory and supervisory responses to address market conduct risks. It also presents data on financial scams and frauds, highlights tools used to monitor risks, and identifies consumer protection policy responses.
    DOI: 10.1787/047b2ea6-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy: Dominican Republic (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264780781 , 9789264767607 , 9789264974531
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competition Law and Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exámenes Inter-Pares sobre el Derecho y Política de Competencia: República Dominicana
    Keywords: Wettbewerbsrecht ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Dominikanische Republik ; Finance and Investment ; Dominican Republic
    Abstract: Peer reviews of competition law and policy are a valuable tool to reform and strengthen a country’s competition framework. This peer review of the Dominican Republic presents the evolution of its competition regime over the last few years and assesses the effectiveness of its current competition law and policy. It provides recommendations to help the Dominican Republic strengthen its competition regime and institutions, developed and discussed at the Peer Review examination carried out during the 2023 OECD-IDB Latin American and Caribbean Competition Forum.
    DOI: 10.1787/18f04007-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264830257 , 9789264594883 , 9789264520448
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (105 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Nachhaltige Kapitalanlage ; ECOWAS-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) offers a large and diverse market of over 400 million people and natural resource wealth, and yet it is not currently living up to its potential as a destination for international investment. Inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region have been declining over time, and have not always delivered on promoting sustainable development. This report serves as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the ECOWAS investment climate while also improving sustainable outcomes from investment. It also highlights areas where further collaboration between ECOWAS and the OECD could contribute to improved investment climates throughout the region. Building upon the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and the FDI Qualities Policy Toolkit, the report covers the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/654e2de5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perspectives des politiques de l’investissement durable dans les pays de la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264336605 , 9789264914346 , 9789264376571
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: La Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) offre un marché aussi vaste que diversifié de plus de 400 millions d’habitants, richement doté en ressources naturelles, qui pourtant ne tire pas actuellement pleinement avantage de son potentiel en tant que destination de l’investissement international. Les afflux d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) dans la région ont diminué avec le temps, et n’ont pas toujours tenu leurs promesses en termes de promotion du développement durable. Le présent rapport pose un diagnostic de départ pour pouvoir amorcer une exploration des moyens de redynamiser l’effort de réforme des conditions d’investissement dans les pays de la CEDEAO, tout en améliorant les résultats produits par l’investissement sur le plan du développement durable. Il recense également les domaines dans lesquels le renforcement de la collaboration entre la CEDEAO et l’OCDE pourrait contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions d’investissement dans l’ensemble de la région. À partir du Cadre d’action de l’OCDE pour l’investissement et de la Boîte à outils des politiques relatives aux qualités de l’IDE, le rapport couvre le cadre réglementaire national qui sous-tend la législation nationale sur l’investissement et l’articulation entre ce cadre et les initiatives engagées au niveau régional, la promotion et la facilitation de l’investissement, les incitations à l’investissement, l’investissement pour une croissance verte, et enfin la conduite responsable des entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/917e8392-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reaching Climate Neutrality for the Hamburg Economy by 2040 (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
    DOI: 10.1787/e1e44672-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The emergence of strategic budget initiatives (2024)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
    DOI: 10.1787/8053099b-en
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  • 13
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    Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt : Spotlight on the AfCFTA and Industrialisation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264890510 , 9789264539907 , 9789264408913
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Keywords: Industrialisierung ; Industriepolitik ; Wirtschaftliche Anpassung ; Ägypten ; AfCFTA-Staaten ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Development ; Egypt
    Abstract: At a time when global trade is under pressure and countries increasingly turn to regional integration to support their development, this Spotlight is a timely read for policy makers and business leaders in Africa and beyond. It shows how harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) can support industrialisation in Egypt, and more widely in Africa, by tapping the full potential of regional supply chains, including renewable energies, pharmaceuticals, logistics and creative industries. This report builds on and enriches the Production Transformation Policy Review of Egypt: Embracing Change, Achieving Prosperity.
    DOI: 10.1787/3ac95e0c-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sustainable Investment Policy Perspectives in the Southern African Development Community (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264435650 , 9789264687769 , 9789264546219
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (106 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Investitionspolitik ; SADC-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a large and dynamic regional economic community (REC) with the second highest level of regional integration among all African RECs. It has also been at the forefront of regional investment policymaking in Africa, with the Finance and Investment Protocol, the Investment Policy Framework, and the SADC Model Bilateral Investment Treaty. However, like much of Africa, SADC faces difficulties in attracting foreign direct investment which can contribute to sustainable development in the region. This report introduces newly developed OECD tools and analysis to the SADC region, including both FDI Qualities and a database on investment incentives. It is designed as a baseline diagnostic to explore ways to reinvigorate the reform of the SADC investment climate in order to prepare the region for the African Continental Free Trade Area, while also focusing on how to improve sustainable outcomes from investment. The report explores the national regulatory framework encapsulated in national investment laws and how this compares with initiatives at a regional level, investment promotion and facilitation in SADC, investment incentives, investment for green growth and responsible business conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/02c9ef1d-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bonos sociales : Instrumentos innovadores para la inclusión social y el desarrollo local (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social vouchers: Innovative tools for social inclusion and local development
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: En este documento se estudia el papel de los bonos sociales como instrumento para la inclusión social y el desarrollo local. El documento presenta una tipología de los bonos y sus objetivos, de los marcos institucionales y regulatorios vigentes, del uso que hacen de ellos los gobiernos locales y nacionales, y de la economía social (sección 1). Se analizan los retos y las oportunidades que plantea el desarrollo de los bonos en el contexto de la crisis de la COVID-19 y se proponen recomendaciones para aprovechar de forma efectiva los bonos sociales como instrumento para «reconstruir mejor» (sección 2). Por último, se exponen y analizan casos concretos de Bélgica, Brasil, Francia, Marruecos, México, la República Checa y Rumanía (sección 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/c313d34a-es
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  • 16
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    Culture and the creative economy in Lithuania and municipalities of Klaipėda, Neringa and Palanga (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/02
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors are a significant driver of local development through job creation and income generation, spurring innovation across the economy and increasing the attractiveness of cities and regions as destinations to visit, work and live. This case study offers a review of cultural and creative sectors in Lithuania, highlighting issues and trends in employment and business development, financing and cultural participation. It brings a specific focus on three municipalities within the County of Klaipėda located on the Baltic coast – Klaipėda City, Neringa and Palanga – small cities specialised in port activities, logistics, traditional manufacturing and seaside resort tourism. It highlights how culture and creative sectors can be leveraged to foster local development, diversify the economy and strengthen territorial attractiveness. It provides recommendations and international examples on ways to support business development in creative sectors and to strengthen synergies between culture and tourism.
    DOI: 10.1787/df27cd5b-en
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  • 17
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    Beyond pink-collar jobs for women and the social economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/07
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Building on many data sources and country examples on women’s employment in the social and solidarity economy (SSE) the report: i) analyses women’s employment in the SSE, ii) explores challenges to gender equality in the SSE and, iii) provides policy recommendations to recognise women’s work and leadership in the SSE and in the wider economy. It also suggests ways to foster their participation in high-growth sectors within the SSE, such as technology-intensive and green sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/44ba229e-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 18
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    Innovative providers’ payment models for promoting value-based health systems : Start small, prove value, and scale up (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.154
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Innovative providers’ payment models represent an important policy lever that could be used to promote value-based health systems. By bundling services across the continuum of care or to target acute events or chronic conditions, innovative payment models set financial incentives for providers to increase efficiency in service delivery, improve health outcomes and enhance patient experience with care. This paper offers insights on value-based payment models, a type of innovative payment model implemented in several OECD countries and reviews the publicly available evidence on the impact of those payment models on value. Innovative payment models tend to be exceptional and small-scale compared to activity-based payment models and have been extensively piloted in the United States while implementation and evaluation in other countries is limited. The publicly available empirical evidence points to modest efficiency and quality gains from value-based payment models. Impact on healthcare spending, outcomes and patient experience varies across programmes. Given the significant variation in the key features of value-based payment models and the context-specific issues they address, those models do not offer a one-size-fits-all solution. This paper outlines several intervention points that policy makers need to consider when designing and implementing value-based payment models to maximise their positive outcome.
    DOI: 10.1787/627fe490-en
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  • 19
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    OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.36
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The "OECD Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs Scoreboard: 2023 Highlights" document SME and entrepreneurship financing trends, conditions and policy developments. The report provides official data on SME financing in close to 50 countries, including indicators on debt, equity, asset-based finance and financing conditions. Data for 2021 are complemented by available information for 2022, along with demand-side information and recent developments in public policy and private initiatives to support SME finance. Findings reveal that most economies showed the beginnings of a dynamic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis in 2021. However, data available for 2022 point to a deterioration in a number of SME finance indicators, due to high inflation and rising interest rates, exacerbated by the effects of Russia's war against Ukraine. These factors are impacting the accessibility and cost of debt finance for SMEs, and foreshadow a slowdown in lending. Likewise, equity finance showed a significant decline in 2022. In this context, governments should continue to foster the diversification of SME financing instruments and channels to enable them to build resilience and undertake crucial investments, such as those in digitalisation and greening.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8d13e55-en
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  • 20
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    Enhancing intellectual property use for a stronger innovation ecosystem in Poland (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.138
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: The paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and limitations of the intellectual property (IP) system in Poland. It offers policy recommendations to fully exploit the potential of IP to support an innovation-based economy. It finds that the key components of an effective IP strategy in Poland should include the promotion of IP use among economic actors and other stakeholders as well as information campaigns and training programmes to raise awareness and knowledge about the advantages of IP. Recommendations also include reducing barriers to IP use by lowering the costs of and simplifying IP-related procedures, and promoting the valorisation of IP held by universities to enhance technology transfer to the business sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/42e389fa-en
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  • 21
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    Identifying artificial intelligence actors using online data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper uses information collected and provided by GlassAI to analyse the characteristics and activities of companies and universities in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States that mention keywords related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) on their websites. The analysis finds that those companies tend to be young and small, mainly operate in the information and communication sector, have AI at the core of their business, and aim to provide customer solutions. It is noteworthy that the types of AI-related activities reported by them vary across sectors. Additionally, although universities are concentrated in and around large cities, this is not necessarily reflected in the intensity of AI-related activities. Taken together, this novel and timely evidence informs the debate on the most recent stages of digital transformation of the economy.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f5307e7-en
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  • 22
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    Policy Actions for Affordable Housing in Lithuania (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264910010 , 9789264445642 , 9789264489349
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (125 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Soziale Wohnungspolitik ; Litauen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lithuania
    Abstract: Many Lithuanian households struggle to afford good-quality housing. The housing stock is dominated by owner-occupied, multi-apartment buildings that are energy inefficient and face persistent quality gaps. While average household spending on housing is relatively low, house prices have been rising, and many households cannot afford to move to higher quality homes that better suit their needs. Lithuanian policy makers have stepped up support for housing in recent years, but more actions are needed. This report presents the main features of the Lithuanian housing market, highlights housing challenges that have been amplified by the current economic and geopolitical crises, and assesses current policies to address housing affordability and quality gaps. It proposes a series of recommendations to strengthen the supply of and access to affordable housing, and to support Lithuania’s commitment to make housing policy a priority.
    DOI: 10.1787/ca16ff6d-en
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    Business Handbook on Due Diligence in the Cocoa Sector : Addressing Child Labour and Forced Labour (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264932296 , 9789264914551 , 9789264818293
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Kinderarbeit ; Zwangsarbeit ; Kakaoanbau ; Due Diligence ; Afrika ; Lateinamerika ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This handbook aims to help companies identify, prevent and address child labour and forced labour risks, in the cocoa sector. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the associated OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, and the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains. This handbook was developed in collaboration with the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), with financial support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and technical inputs from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
    DOI: 10.1787/79812d6f-en
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    Communication and Engagement with SMEs : Supporting SMEs to Get Tax Right (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Forum on Tax Administration
    Keywords: KMU ; Finanzverwaltung ; Kooperation ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Taxation
    Abstract: This report examines effective communication strategies that tax administrations can use to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in fulfilling their tax obligations. It analyses the various tools and channels available to tax administrations and their respective roles. The report draws on examples from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration members and includes two detailed case studies. The report was drafted by officials from the United Kingdom’s HM Revenue and Customs, with support from the OECD Forum on Tax Administration's Community of Interest on SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/f183d70a-en
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  • 25
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    Soutenir l’entrepreneuriat des personnes immigrées et des personnes en situation de handicap en Wallonie : Vers des politiques plus inclusives (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.38
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Belgium
    Abstract: Les politiques d’entrepreneuriat plus inclusives contribuent à l’innovation, la création d’emploi, et la croissance économique. La crise du COVID-19, a accentué les disparités en Wallonie et la région porte un intérêt croissant à renforcer le soutien à l’entrepreneuriat inclusif de groupes particulièrement désavantagés, notamment celui des immigrés et des personnes en situation de handicap. Ce rapport résume les conclusions d'un projet d’examen de la politique d'entrepreneuriat inclusif de la Wallonie. Il présente une analyse des forces et des faiblesses du système de soutien aux entrepreneurs immigrés ou en situation de handicap (aussi appelés « handipreneurs ») en Wallonie et propose des actions politiques concrètes qui permettraient d’améliorer le soutien offert à ces entrepreneurs. L’analyse est basée sur le cadre conceptuel et les outils développés par l’OCDE et la Commission Européenne, notamment l’outil « Better Entrepreneurship Policy Tool ». Le rapport s’appuie également sur la consultation d’un large panel d’acteurs locaux, un travail de recherche approfondi et une analyse de bonnes pratiques internationales.
    DOI: 10.1787/5153e791-fr
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    Assessing biodiversity-related financial risks : Navigating the landscape of existing approaches (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.36
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Artenschutz ; Finanzrisiko ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Although measurements of biodiversity-related financial risks are in their infancy, several metrics and indicators are available to assess their impacts and dependencies in the financial system, and approaches are emerging to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. This mapping paper provides a comprehensive catalogue and literature review of existing and emerging definitions, key metrics and indicators, measurement approaches, tools and practices for central banks, financial supervisors, and financial market participants to measure biodiversity-related financial risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d52137a5-en
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    Law enforcement responses to corruption in emergency situations : Practical guidelines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (115 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.30
    Keywords: Korruption ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Epidemie ; Coronavirus ; Katastrophe ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: These guidelines seek to strengthen the capacities of law enforcement practitioners to combat corruption related to the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations. In particular, they aim to: (i) provide law enforcement practitioners with practical advice on the challenges law enforcement faces in an emergency crisis; (ii) illustrate good detection, investigation and prosecution practices during emergency situations and identify key challenges that may arise in future crises, including through international cooperation mechanisms; (iii) inform law enforcement practitioners about the benefits of emerging technologies and innovative institutional developments identified during COVID-19 that can assist with combating corruption.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2e5344f-en
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  • 28
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    Competition Market Study of Ukraine’s Electricity Sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264846586 , 9789264643949 , 9789264631625
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Ринкове Дослідження Стану Конкуренції В Електроенергетичному Секторі України
    Keywords: Strommarkt ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Wettbewerb ; Ukraine ; Finance and Investment ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This market study analyses Ukraine’s electricity sector from a competition perspective. It provides a detailed description and assessment of the regulatory framework within which the Ukrainian electricity markets operate, as well as an analysis of the obstacles to competition in the wholesale and retail markets. This report includes recommendations to address the underlying causes of ineffective competition that, if implemented in the recovery phase following Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, can contribute to achieving a well-functioning, competitive electricity sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/f28f98ed-en
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  • 29
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    Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264646094 , 9789264658349 , 9789264445581
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (202 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée)
    Keywords: Häusliche Pflege ; Arbeitsbedingungen ; Pflegeberufe ; Pflegefinanzierung ; Pflegeversicherung ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report presents an in-depth cross-country analysis of how long-term care workers fare along the different dimensions of job quality. In the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the applause for care workers was a clear expression of the strong recognition of their hard work and exposure to risks in their job. However, as the applause faded after the peak of the crisis, questions have re-emerged about how to improve the working conditions of long-term care workers in a sustainable way. Over the coming decades, the demand for these workers will increase substantially. Several countries are already facing shortages as the large baby-boom generation joins the older population. To go Beyond Applause, a comprehensive policy strategy is needed to tackle poor working conditions and insufficient social recognition of long-term care work, attract workers in the sector and avoid labour shortages reaching unacceptable levels. Such a strategy should cover several dimensions, with different priorities across countries depending on their specific context, including: direct interventions to raise wages and increase staff requirements; increasing public financing and fostering the leading role by governments; supporting collective bargaining and social dialogue; strengthening training; increasing use of new technologies; and, strengthening health prevention policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/27d33ab3-en
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    Right here, right now? New evidence on the economic effects of services trade reform (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.271
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the “when, how and where” of the effects of service trade policy reforms, discussing short-term impacts on services trade as well as on the performance of downstream manufacturing industries. A combination of novel methodological approaches is used to be able to track impacts over time and along the supply chain. The OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index serves as the measure for trade policy reform. Results show that reducing policy barriers to services trade can increase services imports already in the short run, and that benefits continue to grow over time. The impact of services trade reforms may still vary significantly depending on the nature of the policy change, the economic context, and the targeted mode of services supply. Finally, services trade reforms can have sizeable spillover effects on the productivity of manufacturing sectors that use services as intermediate inputs.
    DOI: 10.1787/1159657f-en
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    Toolkit für genderinklusiven Wettbewerb (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264695412 , 9789264573819 , 9789264595231
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Was hat der Wettbewerb mit dem Gender zu tun? Die Wettbewerbsbehörden spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Gestaltung fairer und florierender Märkte. Die Verbindung zwischen Wettbewerb und Gender wird jedoch oft übersehen. Dieses Toolkit gibt den Wettbewerbsbehörden das nötige Wissen und die Instrumente in die Hand, um Aspekte, die das Gender berücksichtigen, in ihre Arbeit einzubeziehen. Das Toolkit bietet einen evidenzbasierten Ansatz, der über die Theorie hinausgeht und konkrete Empfehlungen liefert, die die Genauigkeit der Analyse verbessern, Kartelluntersuchungen erleichtern und die Advocacy-Bemühungen optimieren können. Das Toolkit stützt sich auf die Gender-Forschung in verwandten Politikbereichen wie Unternehmensführung, Korruptionsbekämpfung und Verhaltensökonomie und bietet einen umfassenden Rahmen für die Einbeziehung von Gender-Überlegungen. Indem sie dieses Toolkit in ihre tägliche Arbeit einbeziehen, können die Wettbewerbsbehörden noch mehr zur Förderung fairer und effizienter Märkte beitragen, von denen Menschen aller Gender profitieren.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ea037c5-de
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    Unlocking the potential of teleworking to address labour shortages in the Ems-Achse, Germany (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/18
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany
    Abstract: In the north-western corner of Germany, the Ems-Achse, a rural region, has witnessed a decade of economic growth. This growth has exacerbated labour shortages, primarily due to an aging population and the outmigration of youth. Acknowledging the potential of teleworking, regional stakeholders aim to explore its capacity to address labour gaps and attract a broader talent pool. This paper delves into three main dimensions for harnessing teleworking's potential: activating individuals who are not currently seeking employment, expanding the talent pool to include surrounding areas, and attracting workers from congested urban areas or overseas. To facilitate successful teleworking, the region can bolster its high-speed internet infrastructure, promote a culture of flexibility in management and nurture digital skills. Additionally, increasing opportunities for higher education, improving public transportation and enhancing international accessibility could help profile the Ems-Achse as an attractive hub for teleworkers.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea8dc114-en
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    Platform cooperatives and employment : An alternative for platform work (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/16
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Platform cooperatives refer to cooperatives that are directly owned and managed by their members and that use websites and/or mobile apps to sell goods and/or services. They have emerged in large part as alternatives to digital labour platforms to promote better working conditions with evidence of significant growth in recent years. This paper provides an overview of employment in platform cooperatives and offers insights on their distinctive features. In particular, it provides i) insights on working conditions associated with such platforms; ii) an overview on the challenges they face in creating jobs as well as scaling up, developing and expanding their activity; and iii) policy recommendations and examples of policy actions that could help policy makers best support them to generate work opportunities and enhance job quality. This paper was produced as part of the OECD Global Action on Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems, funded by the European Union's Foreign Partnership Instrument.
    DOI: 10.1787/3eab339f-en
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    Assessing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption in SMEs : Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.42
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents the first estimates of the OECD project "Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators", which is part of broader work of the OECD Committee on SMEs and Entrepreneurship (CSMEE) to support governments in making SMEs active players in the green transition. The paper first explains the rationale behind this measurement exercise, which relates to the importance of monitoring carbon emissions and energy consumption in the business sector, including SMEs, as governments strive to achieve their climate objectives. Thereafter, it gives an overview of the project methodology to produce estimates on the environmental footprint of SMEs. Finally, it presents the first estimates for the first five dashboard indicators: i) SME share of greenhouse gas emissions in the business sector; ii) SME share of energy consumption in the business sector; iii) SME greenhouse gas emissions (carbon) intensity; iv) SME energy intensity; v) SME energy price burden The paper also presents evidence on real SME electricity and gas consumption in Denmark thanks to pilot work with Statistics Denmark. A final Annex explains the project methodology in detail.
    DOI: 10.1787/ac8e6450-en
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    Promoting internationalisation of the social and solidarity economy : From local to global (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/12
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Building on strong local roots to address local development challenges, many social and solidarity economy (SSE) entities are increasingly extending their operations internationally. By responding to international social and environmental challenges, SSE entities can help make global value chains more inclusive and sustainable. With the pursuit of a social mission and participatory governance at the core of their operations, SSE entities adopt specific approaches to internationalise their presence. Some internationalise to scale their impact to reach more people and areas, while some do so to deepen their impact on existing target groups by leveraging resources internationally. This paper analyses what SSE internationalisation involves and its specific drivers (chapter 1), trends in SSE internationalisation (chapter 2), competitive advantages and barriers of the SSE for internationalisation (chapter 3), and actionable areas for policy makers to promote its internationalisation (chapter 4).
    DOI: 10.1787/7287db10-en
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    A supervisory framework for assessing nature-related financial risks : Identifying and navigating biodiversity risks (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Finanzrisiko ; Bankenaufsicht ; Risikomanagement ; Zentralbank ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper presents a methodological supervisory framework to help central banks and financial supervisors assess biodiversity-related financial risks, impacts and dependencies in the financial sector, including transmission channels for physical and transition risks. This framework is designed to translate biodiversity risks into financial risks. It draws on a previous mapping of existing approaches, while also accounting for broader nature-related financial risks. While acknowledging different national circumstances, this methodological framework is designed to be applicable broadly for central banks, supervisors and commercial banks across different countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8e4991f-en
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    Améliorer l'efficacité des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/05
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Schulungsprogrammen für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le présent document d'orientation intitulé « Améliorer les programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social » a été produit par l'OCDE et la Commission européenne. Il traite de l'importance des programmes de formation et présente une vue d'ensemble des types de programmes de formation disponibles. Il analyse également les possibilités pour les pouvoirs publics de renforcer ces programmes de formation et fournit des conseils sur la manière de concevoir des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social plus efficaces.
    DOI: 10.1787/206df2e9-fr
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    How to measure the impact of culture, sports and business events : A guide, Part I (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (68 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/10
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This OECD Guide takes stock of the current advice, guidelines, and good practices for assessing the impact of global events. Global events (including culture, sports and business events) can have a significant impact on local development. Yet measuring this impact in a consistent, reliable and comprehensive way can be challenging. This Guide provides an overview of approaches to impact assessment, discusses the issues, challenges and considerations to be made in conducting impact evaluations, and offers a set of actions which event hosts can take to improve impact assessments. In doing so, the Guide supports the OECD Recommendation on Global Events and Local Development, which helps countries and future hosts bring greater local benefits and legacies from global events. This Guide can be read alongside "Impact indicators for culture, sports and business events: A guide, Part II".
    DOI: 10.1787/c7249496-en
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    Supply-chain disruptions and new investment policies in the post-COVID-19 world : Initial insights from project-level data (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2023/01
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has inflicted a series of shocks on the global economy, not least impacting global trade and investment. During the same time, several countries adopted new foreign direct investment (FDI) related policies. This paper presents novel preliminary evidence on the effects of these new FDI policies and COVID-19-related supply-chain disruptions on cross-border investment. It employs, among others, granular data on FDI policies and investment projects undertaken in a wide range of sectors in 175 host economies worldwide by investors from 46 home countries. It finds that a combination of FDI policies and COVID-19-related measures has a statistically significant and economically meaningful negative effect on the probability of a new cross-border greenfield investment project occurring during the sample period. The effect is the strongest in sectors with high R&D intensity.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fcc2892-en
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    Regions in Industrial Transition 2023 : New Approaches to Persistent Problems (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264999084 , 9789264741720 , 9789264911970
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Industrieregion ; Regionaler Strukturwandel ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report builds on work presented in the OECD's 2019 report Regions in Industrial Transition: Policies for People and Places. It considers industrial transition as a complex and enduring challenge in regional development that traditional policy levers have not always been able to satisfactorily address. Beginning with an overview of how to characterise these regions, it then explores why they require tailored policy approaches and posits whether adopting a more experimental path in governance arrangements and policy initiatives could make inroads in meeting industrial transition objectives. The report shares findings emanating from the experiences of eight regions and two countries that designed and implemented experimental initiatives to advance their industrial transition process and Smart Specialisation Strategies, with the support of the European Commission. It features a framework of governance and policy areas that influence industrial transition, and applicable to experimentation. Combining this with insights from each experiment studied, the report presents a toolkit of policy levers for policy makers grappling with industrial transition, and a checklist for those wishing to apply an experimental approach to industrial transition initiatives. Finally, the report contains a synopsis of the initiatives designed and implemented by the regions and countries participating in this project.
    DOI: 10.1787/5604c2ab-en
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    Harnessing "New Space" for Sustainable Growth of the Space Economy (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Raumfahrt ; Weltraumtechnik ; Raumfahrtpolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: "New space", characterised by new commercial players bringing cutting-edge business techniques and funding methods to space activities, has brought disruptive innovation and democratised access to space. But there also reasons for concern, as this has led to an intensified use of the orbital environment, creating more congestion and debris. Furthermore, the vitality of the "new space" ecosystem is under threat from economic shocks and market entrenchment. This G20 background paper examines the emergence of the "new space" ecosystem over the last 15 years, its impact on the space sector and society at large and the role of governments in ensuring sustained and sustainable growth of the sector. The paper provides a definition of "new space" activities to better target policy responses and suggests policy options to address these challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/a67b1a1c-en
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    Assessment of merger control in the Philippines (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (88 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.34
    Keywords: Fusionskontrolle ; Philippinen ; Finance and Investment ; Philippines
    Abstract: The Philippines has developed their merger control regime quickly and effectively since the Competition Authority was created in 2016, thus establishing a reputed merger control system. This report assesses those important developments and makes policy recommendations to further strengthen the Philippines' merger control regime based on principles of transparency, integrity and procedural fairness. This, in turn, can help promote and protect competition in the economy, which increases productivity and overall economic performance.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f76f1a7-en
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    Manuel à l'intention des entreprises sur le devoir de diligence dans le secteur du cacao : Lutter contre le travail des enfants et le travail forcé (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264326774 , 9789264573413 , 9789264511989
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Business Handbook on Due Diligence in the Cocoa Sector: Addressing Child Labour and Forced Labour
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Le présent Manuel a pour but d'aider les entreprises à identifier et prévenir les risques relatifs au travail des enfants et au travail forcé dans le secteur du cacao, et à y remédier. Ce Manuel repose sur les principales normes internationales soutenues par les gouvernements en matière de devoir de diligence dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement et de conduite responsable des entreprises : les Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises ainsi que le Guide OCDE sur le devoir de diligence pour une conduite responsable des entreprises et le Guide OCDE-FAO pour des filières agricoles responsables y afférent. Le présent Manuel a été élaboré en collaboration avec la fondation International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), avec le soutien financier du ministère allemand de la Coopération économique et du Développement (BMZ) et les contributions techniques de la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ).
    DOI: 10.1787/18a36896-fr
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    Best practices in investment promotion : An overview of regional state aid and special economic zones in Europe (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.27
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Sonderwirtschaftszone ; EU-Recht ; EU-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper assesses good practices and lessons learned in investment promotion in European Union (EU) Member States. It focuses on two specific areas of investment promotion: state aid for regional development under EU law and special economic zone frameworks. It provides an overview of the concept of state aid and compatibility of regional aid with the internal market, as well as lessons learned from the case law determining the existence of state aid in regional development measures. It also outlines the calculation of the gross grant equivalent of state aid. The paper explores special economic zone policies, identifies success factors and describes the complementary framework conditions to maximise their spillover effects on local economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/0c8e6ca3-en
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  • 45
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    The economic benefits of early green innovation : Evidence from the automotive sector (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.209
    Keywords: Environment ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The economic consequences for firms investing in green innovation, and therefore their incentives to innovate, are not well understood. This paper empirically assesses the economic returns on innovation in cleaner vehicles. The analysis uses data on passenger car market shares and patents for car manufacturers operating in eight countries for the period 2005-2021. The results show that, when vehicle fuel prices increase, firms having previously successfully filed patents related to both electric and hybrid vehicles and fuel efficiency experience an increase in their market share. This increase takes place between 7 and 8 years after the patent stock is accumulated for patents related to electric and hybrid vehicles and between 8 and 15 years for patents related to fuel efficiency. The analysis also finds that in contexts where fuel price salience is high, price increases generate larger and earlier competitiveness returns for firms having previously invested in cleaner technologies.
    DOI: 10.1787/c13d5d61-en
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  • 46
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    Culture and the creative economy in Flanders, Belgium (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Belgium
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors are a significant driver of local development both through direct job creation and income generation but also indirectly by spurring innovation across the economy. Beyond their economic impacts, they also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. Flanders (Belgium) has placed cultural and creative sectors as a priority in the region’s economic and social strategy. This paper provides an overview of cultural and creative sectors in Flanders, highlighting trends in employment, business dynamics, entrepreneurship and financing as well as cultural participation. It offers analysis and recommendations to support the region in continuing to build on its local cultural and creative ecosystem.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c7eea65-en
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    Data portability in open banking : Privacy and other cross-cutting issues (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.348
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Open banking allows users to access financial information and services through consent-based data portability. This paper brings together the views of private and public experts from a wide variety of countries to explore opportunities and challenges of open banking for financial regulation, privacy protection, and competition. It discusses the different approaches taken by jurisdictions across the globe, and the importance of regulation and standards. While open banking empowers users in sharing and re-using their data across digital services, online platforms, sectors and borders, uncertainty in the interactions with data protection and privacy regimes remains challenging. This paper informs OECD work to consider how cross-sectoral cooperation between financial, competition and data protection authorities could help further open banking.
    DOI: 10.1787/6c872949-en
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    FDI Qualities Review of Austria : Closing Gender Gaps and Empowering Women (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264983656 , 9789264682351 , 9789264623255
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (49 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmarktdiskriminierung ; Lohnstruktur ; Gleichberechtigung ; Österreich ; Finance and Investment ; Austria
    Abstract: Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Austria provides the knowledge and financial resources needed to stimulate the economy and sustainable development. In addition, the activities and employment practices of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises influence the creation and quality of jobs, including for women. This report asseses gender equality and women's empowerment in the Austrian labour market. It then examines the impact of FDI on several dimensions of gender equality, including employment, wages, skills development, career progression and entrepreneurship. It also briefly explores areas for policy consideration.
    DOI: 10.1787/fc785be5-en
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    Mortality and the Provision of Retirement Income (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264947542 , 9789264615601 , 9789264852402
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Sterblichkeit ; Altersvorsorge ; Rentenpolitik ; Rentenfinanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This report analyses the development of mortality assumptions to build mortality tables to better protect retirement income provision. Mortality assumptions are necessary to ensure the sustainability of lifetime incomes. It explores considerations and traditional approaches for developing mortality tables, as well as provides an international overview of longevity trends and drivers over the last several decades, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report also details the standard mortality tables developed across OECD member countries and offers guidelines to assist regulators and supervisors in assessing whether the mortality assumptions and tables used in the context of retirement income provision are appropriate.
    DOI: 10.1787/a10a6c09-en
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  • 50
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    Risks of Illicit Trade in Counterfeits to Small and Medium-Sized Firms (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264681606 , 9789264875579 , 9789264564671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Keywords: Illegaler Handel ; Produktpiraterie ; Wirkungsanalyse ; KMU ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Governance
    Abstract: Illicit trade in counterfeit goods causes economic damage by reducing sales and profits as well as innovation incentives in legitimate industries. This study looks at damages caused by illicit trade in counterfeits to small and medium-sized enterprises. The robust evidence on the magnitude, scope and trends of this risk informs policy makers about the need to include anti-counterfeiting elements in policy packages designed to support SMEs.
    DOI: 10.1787/fa6d5089-en
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    Advancing accountability in AI : Governing and managing risks throughout the lifecycle for trustworthy AI (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.349
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Produktlebenszyklus ; Lebenszyklus ; Risiko ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents research and findings on accountability and risk in AI systems by providing an overview of how risk-management frameworks and the AI system lifecycle can be integrated to promote trustworthy AI. It also explores processes and technical attributes that can facilitate the implementation of values-based principles for trustworthy AI and identifies tools and mechanisms to define, assess, treat, and govern risks at each stage of the AI system lifecycle. This report leverages OECD frameworks – including the OECD AI Principles, the AI system lifecycle, and the OECD framework for classifying AI systems – and recognised risk-management and due-diligence frameworks like the ISO 31000 risk-management framework, the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology’s AI risk-management framework.
    DOI: 10.1787/2448f04b-en
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    The intergovernmental fiscal outlook and the implications of Russia’s war against Ukraine, high energy prices and inflation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.42
    Keywords: Finanzpolitik ; Geldpolitik ; Öffentliche Finanzen ; Gemeindefinanzen ; Länderfinanzen ; Kriegsfolgen ; Energiepreis ; Inflation ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: Less than two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s illegal, unprovoked and unjustifiable war of aggression against Ukraine has triggered the biggest military confrontation in Europe since World War II. Many OECD countries have reacted to Russia’s aggression by providing military and humanitarian aid to Ukraine and by imposing economic sanctions on Russia, which has accentuated supply chain disruptions, especially in the energy sector. A combination of these supply shocks with a demand shock caused by expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to tackle the pandemic has created inflationary pressures on a scale not seen in decades. Central banks around the world are acting to fulfil their price stability mandates by increasing interest rates and by engaging in quantitative tightening (primarily the selling of government bonds to reduce central bank balance sheets), all of which put pressure on borrowing costs at a time when governments are engaging in expansionary fiscal policy to alleviate the impact of inflation. The objective of this policy note is to examine the main consequences of this challenging environment for the fiscal stance of different levels of governments. These include the weakening outlook for government revenues in times of high expenditure pressures from a more rapid energy transition as well as high borrowing costs.
    DOI: 10.1787/3623ab61-en
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    OECD Competition Assessment Reviews: Tunisia 2023 (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264577831 , 9789264928848 , 9789264476813
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Competition Assessment Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Examens de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation de l’impact sur la concurrence : Tunisie 2023
    Keywords: Tourismuswirtschaft ; Tourismuspolitik ; Wettbewerbspolitik ; Wettbewerb ; Tunesien ; Finance and Investment ; Tunisia
    Abstract: This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the tourism sector in Tunisia, with the goal of helping Tunisian authorities mitigate harm to competition and foster long-lasting growth. This report is based on a competition assessment conducted by the OECD identifying rules and regulations that may hinder the competitive and efficient functioning of markets in the tourism activities under review. This review also includes estimates of how the implementation of certain recommendations could impact the economy. This is the second competition assessment review conducted by the OECD in Tunisia, after a 2019 review of the freight transport sector and of the wholesale and retail trade sectors.
    DOI: 10.1787/a80cda01-en
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    Financial literacy and digitalisation for MSMEs in South East Europe : A tool for empowering owners and managers (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.29
    Keywords: Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finanzwissen ; Digitalisierung ; KMU ; Südosteuropa ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: This report analyses the relationship between financial literacy, inclusion, and awareness, as well as the use of financial products and services, and the digitalisation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). It presents the results of a thorough data collection and analysis exercise carried out with owners and managers of MSMEs in Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Romania in 2021 and 2022.
    DOI: 10.1787/b63091ad-en
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    Quantifying industrial strategies across nine OECD countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.150
    Keywords: Industriepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Industrial policy has resurfaced prominently in academic and policy discussions in the wake of major shocks and long-term trends. However, quantifying industrial strategies across countries remains difficult. The ‘Quantifying Industrial Strategies’ (QuIS) project measures industrial policy expenditures by gathering and harmonising publicly available data, based on a new methodology. This report summarises the composition of industrial strategies in the first nine participating countries in terms of expenditures, priorities, and policy instruments for the period 2019-21. The report finds that industrial policies are sizeable, with 1.5% of GDP in grants and tax expenditures, and with an important heterogeneity across countries in terms of strategic priorities; industrial strategies mainly rely on sectoral instruments, representing on average 29% of grants and tax expenditures; and green instruments are important and rose significantly in six out of nine countries between 2019 and 2021.
    DOI: 10.1787/5f2dcc8e-en
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    Distributed renewable energy in Colombia : Unlocking private investment for non-interconnected zones (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
    DOI: 10.1787/deda64ff-en
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    Assessment of policies, programmes and regulations relating to MSME and start-up development in Abu Dhabi (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.40
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; United Arab Emirates
    Abstract: Strengthening the performance and economic contribution of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups is central to Abu Dhabi’s goal of creating a more diversified and competitive economy. This report provides an assessment of policies, programmes and regulations relating to MSME and start-up development in Abu Dhabi. The assessment is structured around six thematic areas: i) access to finance, ii) the availability of skills and capabilities, iii) access to markets, iv) the business environment, v) innovation and digitalisation, and vi) future opportunities for MSME and start-up development. For each thematic area, an analysis of existing issues, challenges and policy approaches is provided, in addition to policy recommendations and relevant examples of international policy practices. The report was prepared by the OECD Secretariat and external experts based on information gathered by the OECD in Abu Dhabi in the form of written documentation, questionnaire responses, stakeholder interviews and roundtable meetings as well as desk research on policy practices in other countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b92546e-en
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    Insights on the Business Climate in Kazakhstan (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264950467 , 9789264818279 , 9789264596221
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Анализ делового климата в Казахстане
    Keywords: Frühindikator ; Auslandsinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Privatwirtschaft ; Reform ; Kasachstan ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Kazakhstan
    Abstract: The global push for more sustainable and less-carbon intensive economic models has increased the salience of Kazakhstan’s long-standing diversification agenda. That this agenda remains only partially fulfilled reflects a number of issues that affect the conditions for investment, innovation and entrepreneurship. Elaborating on feedback garnered through a small, focussed survey of foreign firms in Kazakhstan, this report provides new insights into private-sector perceptions of the ongoing reform process and in doing so draws attention to some of the most pressing issues facing policymakers and business.
    DOI: 10.1787/bd780306-en
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    Cost and uptake of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2023/03
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Despite the increasing adoption of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation in the OECD area and beyond, evidence on the availability, design, generosity and actual cost of these incentives remains scarce. This report helps fill this gap by documenting government efforts to provide preferential tax treatment of economic outputs of innovation activities. Drawing on the responses of national contact points to the OECD KNOWINTAX surveys carried out in 2020 and 2021, it presents new evidence on the cost (foregone tax revenues) and uptake of income-based-tax incentives by businesses in 2019, and tracks their distribution by firm size and industry and their evolution over the 2000-2019 period.
    DOI: 10.1787/4f531faf-en
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    SMEs in the era of hybrid retail : Evidence from an OECD D4SME survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.41
    Keywords: KMU ; Einzelhandel ; Online-Handel ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new opportunities, with far reaching implications on the local economy. Through a novel survey conducted in six OECD countries (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Spain) in co-operation with e-commerce platforms, this report provides new insights to better understand retail SMEs’ perceived advantages and challenges of operating online sales through these platforms, with a particular spotlight on hybrid SME retailers.
    DOI: 10.1787/882f30b0-en
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    A time series perspective on income-based tax support for R&D and innovation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.62
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The use of tax incentives that provide preferential tax treatment to the incomes arising from research and development (R&D) and innovation activities, such as intellectual property regimes, has accelerated over the last two decades. The globalisation of R&D together with the greater mobility of intangible income may have contributed to the rise in such incentives to attract and retain R&D and innovation activity while preventing the transfer of taxable base to other countries. This paper documents the changes to the availability and design of income-based tax incentives from 2000 onwards for 48 countries, including all OECD countries and EU countries. Building on this, the paper analyses trends in the generosity of income-based tax support over time by building indicators of effective tax rates that can provide insights into the impact of Action 5 of the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project.
    DOI: 10.1787/dae3cd5c-en
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    Empowering communities with platform cooperatives : A catalyst for local development (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/14
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy paper explores the contribution of platform cooperatives to local development as an alternative model to conventional digital platforms. It considers their role in reducing potential negative effects of the digital transition on local communities and places, as well as the new opportunities they present to provide greater quality of life for local residents. The paper introduces the main features of platform cooperatives, explores their contributions to local development and identifies the challenges to their emergence and expansion. It then provides policy orientations that could support the development of platform cooperatives and enhance their contributions to local development. This paper was produced as part of the OECD Global Action on Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems, funded by the European Union's Foreign Partnership Instrument.
    DOI: 10.1787/c2ddfc9f-en
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    Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks in the financial system (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.224
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Water-related risks are intrinsically linked to both climate and nature challenges and can be closely tied to socio-economic challenges, such as poverty, food security, and domestic and international conflicts. There is increasing evidence that water-related risks are financially material across actors in the financial system, and further still, that there may be important implications for financial stability. However, a review of current practices indicates that these risks are not fully captured by current approaches to assessing risk. This working paper explores how the financial sector understands the concept of financial materiality as a lever for decision making on water-related climate and nature risks. The paper also looks at how regulatory and supervisory guidance considers water in the context of climate and nature risks, and finally how sustainable finance tools and initiatives can support market participants in gaining an improved understanding of water-related risks.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0f4d47d-en
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    Grow and Go? Retaining Scale-ups in the Nordic Countries (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Papers no.51
    Keywords: Unternehmenswachstum ; Nordeuropa ; Dänemark ; Finnland ; Norwegen ; Island ; Schweden ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Scale-ups, i.e. firms that grow fast over a short period of time, significantly contribute to job creation and economic growth. This study uses granular firm, establishment and employee data to understand how relocations, domestic expansions or foreign acquisitions impact the life cycle of scale-ups. Around 95% of scale-ups remain in their "home" region over the 2014-20 period, reflecting the importance of their personal local business networks in driving growth. Instead of relocating, many scale-ups create new plants or branches in different regions to serve new customers, tap into new markets, or to gain access to new resources and capabilities. Scale-ups that relocate or expand continue to grow. However, relocations and expansions can be a challenge for talent retention, as they may lead existing employees to find other opportunities in new places. Foreign capital appears to support the scale-ups' growth process. Across the five Nordic countries, between 6% and 20% of scale-ups became foreign owned between 2014 and 2020.
    DOI: 10.1787/9be5339d-en
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    Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264348769 , 9789264782686 , 9789264738881
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: ¿Qué tiene que ver la competencia con el género? Las autoridades encargadas de proteger la competencia desempeñan un papel crucial en la configuración de mercados justos y prósperos. Sin embargo, a menudo se pasa por alto la conexión entre competencia y género. Esta Guía práctica proporciona a las autoridades de competencia los conocimientos y herramientas útiles para incorporar consideraciones de género en su trabajo. El conjunto de herramientas ofrece un enfoque basado en pruebas, que va más allá de la teoría para proporcionar recomendaciones concretas que pueden mejorar la precisión del análisis, facilitar las investigaciones sobre cárteles y optimizar los esfuerzos de promoción. A partir de la investigación sobre el género en ámbitos políticos relacionados, como la gobernanza empresarial, la lucha contra la corrupción y la economía del comportamiento, este conjunto de herramientas ofrece un marco completo para integrar las consideraciones de género. Al incorporar estas herramientas en sus operaciones cotidianas, las autoridades de competencia pueden contribuir aún más al avance de mercados justos y eficientes que beneficien a las personas de todos los géneros.
    DOI: 10.1787/c00dcb4c-es
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    Paris-consistent climate change mitigation scenarios : A framework for emissions pathway classification in line with global mitigation objectives (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.222
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, governments and economic actors have increasingly been setting greenhouse gas emissions reduction or net zero targets. Amidst risks of delayed action and greenwashing, there is need to understand whether climate related targets and transition plans are consistent with the Paris Agreement. Climate change mitigation scenarios can be used as inputs to design such targets and plans, and as benchmarks to assess progress towards them. In this context, this paper proposes criteria for selecting global climate change mitigation scenarios that can be considered consistent with the Paris Agreement temperature goal and emissions objectives, based on state-of-the-art literature on climate science and mitigation scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/0de87ef8-en
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  • 67
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    Effective tax rates for R&D intangibles (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Taxation Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Taxation ; Science and Technology ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Tax incentives such as intellectual property regimes provide for reduced taxation of the income derived from research, development, and innovation related activities. By doing so, they lower the overall tax burden from investing in certain qualified intangible assets. This paper proposes a methodology to build indicators comparing the effect of income-based tax incentives for R&D and innovation on firms' incentives to make R&D intangible investments. It provides insights into how such incentives affect firms' decisions on whether, where and how much to invest in R&D intangibles. These indicators are used to illustrate the extent to which these tax incentives may create potential distortions to firms' investment, protection and commercialisation decisions. The model is further developed to account for the design changes to such tax incentives introduced by the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting minimum standard.
    DOI: 10.1787/191dad43-en
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  • 68
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    Is there a trade-off between productivity and employment? : A cross-country micro-to-macro study (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.157
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The impact of productivity on employment remains uncertain, particularly in light of growing concerns regarding potential negative effects of technological progress on labour demand. This report uses harmonised and comparable data from 13 countries spanning the last two decades to comprehensively analyse how productivity growth affects employment dynamics at various levels of aggregation. The study's findings highlight a positive correlation between productivity growth and employment as well as wage growth, both at the firm level and on a broader scale. This outcome arises from counteracting mechanisms and heterogeneous dynamics across different groups of firms. The findings have relevant policy implications: productivity is not just an isolated key economic objective, but well-designed and complementary policies can also help convert technological and organisational change into higher employment and wage growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/99bede51-en
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  • 69
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    Main Findings from the 2022 OECD Risks that Matter Survey (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264765085 , 9789264918832 , 9789264808416
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Verbraucherpreisindex ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Risiko ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Prices of essentials like energy and food have increased dramatically in OECD countries, adding uncertainty to household finances despite a persistently strong labour market post COVID-19. The latest edition of the OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) survey confirms that costs of living are at the top of people's minds even in the world's wealthiest countries: around nine in ten respondents, on average, report feeling concerned about inflation. Drawing on a representative sample of 27 000 respondents across 27 OECD countries, RTM illustrates respondents' perceived economic risks, levels of satisfaction with current social policies, and preferences for future government action on social protection. People are calling on governments to help with the cost-of-living crisis, to spend more on health post COVID-19, and to reinforce support for older people, including in long-term care. Based on a comprehensive cross-national survey of perceptions of social protection, this report offers lessons for the functioning of social programmes as countries emerge from COVID-19, manage the cost-of-living crisis, and plan for future challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/70aea928-en
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  • 70
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    OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264537842
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Die OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln stellen Empfehlungen der Regierungen an die multinationalen Unternehmen dar. Sie zielen darauf ab, den positiven Beitrag zu fördern, den die Unternehmen zum ökonomischen, ökologischen und sozialen Fortschritt leisten können. Außerdem können mit der Geschäftstätigkeit, den Produkten oder Dienstleistungen der Unternehmen negative Auswirkungen auf die in den Leitsätzen behandelten Themen verbunden sein – diese Effekte zu minimieren ist ein weiteres Anliegen der Leitsätze. Sie behandeln alle zentralen Bereiche der Unternehmensverantwortung, von Menschen-, Arbeitnehmerrechten und Umwelt über Bestechung, Verbraucherinteressen und Offenlegung von Informationen bis hin zu Wissenschaft, Technologie, Wettbewerb und Besteuerung. Diese Ausgabe enthält aktualisierte Empfehlungen für verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Handeln in zentralen Themenbereichen wie Klimawandel, Biodiversität, Technologie, geschäftliche Integrität und Sorgfaltspflichten in Lieferketten. Außerdem wurden die Umsetzungsverfahren für die Nationalen Kontaktstellen für verantwortungsvolles unternehmerisches Verhalten überarbeitet.
    DOI: 10.1787/abd4d37b-de
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  • 71
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    OECD-FAO Business Handbook on Deforestation and Due Diligence in Agricultural Supply Chains (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264513082 , 9789264797123 , 9789264997943
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (69 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Entwaldung ; Lieferkette ; Landwirtschaft ; Due Diligence ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This handbook was developed by OECD and FAO to help companies embed considerations on deforestation and forest degradation into their corporate due diligence procedures. It is informed by FAO's extensive work and experience on halting deforestation and forest degradation and promoting responsible governance of tenure. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and the associated due diligence framework set out in the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct. This handbook demonstrates how the OECD-FAO Guidance can be applied to address deforestation by contextualising existing recommendations and directing users towards helpful sources of due diligence information.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0d4bca7-en
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    Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/05
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy brief on "Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes" was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It discusses the importance of training schemes and presents an overview of the types of training schemes available. It also analyses the opportunities for governments to strengthen these training schemes and provides guidance on how to design more effective inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes.
    DOI: 10.1787/8386c4de-en
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  • 73
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    Policy Options for Labour Market Challenges in Amsterdam and Other Dutch Cities (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264818453 , 9789264640603 , 9789264375765
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (151 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Städtischer Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Amsterdam ; Niederlande ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Labour markets across the Netherlands recovered quickly from the COVID-19 shock and Dutch cities are now facing an unprecedented level of labour market tightness. The high demand for workers presents a unique opportunity for Dutch municipalities to find pathways into employment for those with the lowest labour market attachment and alleviate the pressure faced by local employers that struggle to find suitable workers. Supporting the diverse population in Dutch cities in finding their way into the labour market requires the efficient use of existing labour market instruments, advancing innovative methods of skills-based job matching and improving the cooperation between national, regional and local labour market institutions. This OECD report analyses current and future bottlenecks that could hamper the effective provision of local labour market services. It highlights policy options for strengthening the capacity of municipalities to support different population groups in making the transition from social welfare recipients to workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/181c0fff-en
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  • 74
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    Driving low-carbon innovations for climate neutrality (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.143
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The transition to climate neutrality requires cost reductions in existing clean technologies to enable rapid deployment on a large scale, as well as the development of emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. This policy paper argues that science, technology, innovation, and industrial (STI&I) policies focusing on developing and deploying low-carbon technologies are crucial to achieving carbon neutrality. It notes however that the current level of innovation is insufficient to meet the net-zero challenge due to a policy emphasis on deployment rather than research and development (R&D) support. The paper explores the rationale for more ambitious STI&I policies targeted at R&D for climate neutrality and provides policy recommendations for an effective innovation policy for net-zero, including its interaction with the broader climate policy package.
    DOI: 10.1787/8e6ae16b-en
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    Shifting from open banking to open finance : Results from the 2022 OECD survey on data sharing frameworks (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.24
    Keywords: Open Banking ; Finanztechnologie ; Daten ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Data sharing arrangements are evolving from open banking to open finance. This next stage of the evolution builds upon existing frameworks to expand data access and data source sharing beyond payment/transaction data, while also including other areas of financial activity (e.g. insurance). This paper analyses the different types of data sharing frameworks currently available in OECD and non-OECD member countries. It examines the specific rules and conditions of such frameworks around data access and sharing, consumer safeguards, and operational and technical specifications. It also discusses learnings from existing frameworks on the impact that such arrangements have had on customers and financial markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f881c0c-en
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    Enabling sustainable investment in ASEAN (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.23
    Keywords: Impact Investment ; Umweltmanagement ; Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; ASEAN-Staaten ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper analyses the efforts made by the governments of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to attract sustainable investment and how they can further promote investment benefits for social and environmental objectives. It uses the OECD’s flagship tools on investment and responsible business conduct, and builds on the OECD’s strong collaboration on investment with ASEAN. Aiming to help ASEAN Member States in their efforts to implement the sustainable investment component of the ASEAN Comprehensive Recovery Framework, this paper provides indicators to measure the sustainability impacts of foreign direct investment, benchmarks investment policy reforms and investment promotion priorities, and suggests ways to enable responsible business conduct and policy initiatives to foster green investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/eb34f287-en
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  • 77
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    New approaches to shipbuilding capacity assessments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.140
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Accurate measurement of shipbuilding capacity is critical to inform market stakeholders of excess capacity issues. This report presents several approaches to improve the estimates of shipbuilding capacity. It shows how the use of average production would allow for smoothening the proxy of capacity in the yard-by-yard production approach. It discusses how firm level indicators, such as productivity, can also be considered. An analysis of productivity developments for a sample of shipbuilding firms shows that their productivity evolves in function of the market situation which, therefore, should be taken into account in the proxies of capacity based on yard production. Finally, the report studies how mergers and acquisitions of shipbuilding firms may impact capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/72916a58-en
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    Global value chain dependencies under the magnifying glass (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.142
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Policy makers are increasingly grappling with the stability implications of global value chains (GVCs), as widespread supply shortages following the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian Federation’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine have disrupted the economic recovery and contributed to high inflation. This paper provides a tool to assess vulnerabilities in GVCs by drawing a detailed map of dependencies based on new indicators constructed from the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output tables. The key findings are as follows. First, GVC dependencies increase with both the size of foreign exposures and the length of foreign value chains. Second, in some industries, such as the automotive and ICT industries, vulnerabilities from high GVC dependence are amplified by high geographic concentration of suppliers or buyers. Third, the People’s Republic of China is the most critical choke point in GVCs across a broad range of industries, both as a dominant supplier and as a dominant buyer.
    DOI: 10.1787/b2489065-en
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    Sensitivity of capital and MFP measurement to asset depreciation patterns and initial capital stock estimates (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/01
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses the sensitivity of capital and multifactor productivity (MFP) measurement to asset depreciation patterns and initial capital stock estimates. Applying the same depreciation rates in the US as in other G7 countries would reduce the US net investment rate and net capital stock by up to one third and increase US GDP by up to 0.5%. Capital and MFP growth would be less affected. Estimating initial capital stocks often involves assuming constant investment growth, but this leads to unreliable results. Relying on average K/Y ratios across countries works well for the US, but this might not be the case for other countries due to the international dispersion in K/Y ratios. Two main recommendations for statistical agencies emerge from this analysis. First, they should regularly review asset depreciation patterns to ensure that measured differences across countries are well justified. Second, they should backcast investment series as much as possible before relying on stationarity assumptions to estimate initial capital stocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/92498395-en
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  • 80
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    Subsidies to the steel industry : Insights from the OECD data collection (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.147
    Keywords: Stahlindustrie ; Subvention ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report analyses subsidies provided to steel producers by examining firm-level data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and conducting desk research. It reveals that subsidy trends persist even in the face of existing overcapacity. Between 2008 and 2020, steel companies in partner economies obtained an average of 10.7 times more subsidies per crude steel production capacity unit than their counterparts in OECD countries. These subsidies took the form of cash grants, cash awards, and cost reimbursements. The report also finds that the national context significantly influences a jurisdiction's inclination to support its steel sector and the transparency of such subsidies. Some jurisdictions have prioritised the growth of their domestic steel industry by establishing firm goals for crude steel production, export, or concentration. Meanwhile, others have engaged in international collaboration to address global challenges related to the decarbonisation of the steel industry.
    DOI: 10.1787/06e7c89b-en
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    Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264925908
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises sont des recommandations que les gouvernements adressent aux entreprises multinationales. Ils visent à encourager la contribution positive que les entreprises peuvent apporter au progrès économique, environnemental et social, et à réduire au minimum les impacts négatifs auxquels leurs activités, leurs produits et leurs services peuvent être associés dans les domaines visés par les Principes directeurs. Les Principes directeurs couvrent tous les principaux domaines de la responsabilité des entreprises, y compris les droits humains, les droits du travail, l’environnement, la corruption, les intérêts des consommateurs, la publication d’informations, la science et la technologie, la concurrence et la fiscalité. L'édition 2023 des Principes directeurs contient des recommandations actualisées en matière de conduite responsable des entreprises sur des sujets clés tels que le changement climatique, la biodiversité, la technologie, l’intégrité des entreprises et l’exercice du devoir de diligence dans les chaînes d’approvisionnement, ainsi qu’une actualisation des procédures de mise en œuvre concernant les Points de contact nationaux pour la conduite responsable des entreprises.
    DOI: 10.1787/0e8d35b5-fr
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    “Who does what” for active labour market policies : A zoom on the role of subnational governments (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/09
    Keywords: Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper maps “who does what” across levels of government in OECD countries in relation to active labour market policies (ALMPs), with a focus on the role of subnational governments. It highlights recent reforms in the multi-level governance of ALMPs in a number of countries, and shows that in about two out of five OECD countries, subnational governments have some type of formal competences for delivering ALMPs. It also shows other ways subnational governments are commonly involved in such policies. This includes delivering their own labour market programmes, often targeted to those farthest from the labour market or facing multiple barriers to employment. Finally, it considers some of the benefits and drawbacks of more decentralised approaches to ALMPs and offers some general principles for managing these trade-offs across different types of governance systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/d8d6868d-en
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    The geography of higher education of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada : Assessing the role of Memorial University within its regional innovation ecosystem (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.39
    Keywords: Education ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: This paper analyses Memorial University’s contribution to the economic development of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Canada, specifically focusing on the university’s contributions to the provincial ocean economy. It analyses the university’s public engagement, entrepreneurship, and collaboration strategies, programs, and relationships to understand Memorial’s regional impact.
    DOI: 10.1787/5599133d-en
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    Supporting FinTech Innovation in the Czech Republic : Regulatory Sandbox Design Considerations (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534803 , 9789264633049 , 9789264428553
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (104 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Podpora FinTechových inovací v České republice: Možnosti nastavení regulatorního sandboxu
    Keywords: Finanztechnologie ; Innovation ; Technologiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Finance and Investment ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: The FinTech sector is a nascent market in the Czech Republic, with only around one hundred regulated or unregulated FinTech firms. This report analyses the Czech FinTech ecosystem and identifies possible hurdles to innovative development. The report also provides recommendations for designing a regulatory sandbox tailored to the country’s specificities and which could help alleviate some of the impediments to FinTech development. A sandbox could enhance the Czech authorities’ understanding of the impact of innovative mechanisms on financial activities, and enable supervisors to better monitor and ensure compliance of FinTech activities. It could also enhance communication between firms and authorities through targeted dialogue and customised guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/081a005c-en
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    Au-delà des applaudissements ? Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le secteur des soins de longue durée (version abrégée) (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264919778 , 9789264830431 , 9789264795457
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Applause? Improving Working Conditions in Long-Term Care
    Keywords: Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse internationale approfondie de la situation des travailleurs du secteur des soins de longue durée au regard des différentes dimensions de la qualité des emplois. Dans les premières phases de la pandémie de COVID-19, les applaudissements adressés aux soignants ont été l’expression manifeste de la reconnaissance de leur travail acharné et des risques auxquels leurs fonctions les exposaient. Cependant, alors que les applaudissements se faisaient plus rares après le pic de la crise, la question de l’amélioration durable des conditions de travail des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée est revenue sur le devant de la scène. Au cours des prochaines décennies, la demande de travail en provenance des entreprises de ce secteur va augmenter sensiblement. Plusieurs pays sont déjà confrontés à des pénuries à mesure que la génération du baby-boom entre dans le troisième âge. Pour aller Au-delà des applaudissements, il est nécessaire d’adopter une stratégie d’action globale pour remédier aux conditions de travail médiocres et à la reconnaissance sociale insuffisante des personnels du secteur des soins de longue durée, attirer des travailleurs et éviter que les pénuries de main-d’œuvre n’atteignent des niveaux inacceptables. Une stratégie de ce type doit prendre en compte plusieurs dimensions et s’adapter aux priorités de chaque pays, par exemple mettre en place des interventions directes visant à augmenter les salaires et à relever les qualifications requises ; augmenter les financements publics et développer le rôle moteur des pouvoirs publics ; soutenir la négociation collective et le dialogue social ; renforcer la formation ; développer le recours aux nouvelles technologies ; et consolider les politiques de prévention dans le domaine de la santé. Il s’agit d’une version abrégée de la publication d’origine, composée du résumé et du chapitre 1, qui est le chapitre de présentation générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/160ef74a-fr
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  • 86
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    Examen de la calidad de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Chile : Impulsar el desarrollo sostenible y la diversificación (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264998322 , 9789264861329 , 9789264886766
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe FDI Qualities Review of Chile: Boosting Sustainable Development and Diversification
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Chile
    Abstract: Este informe proporciona una serie de recomendaciones de política pública sobre cómo mejorar los beneficios económicos, sociales y medioambientales derivados de la inversión extranjera directa (IED). Ofrece una evaluación exhaustiva sobre cómo la IED contribuye a la diversificación económica de Chile a través de actividades sostenibles e intensivas en conocimiento (por ejemplo, hidrógeno verde, tecnología de la información), y también evalúa el marco político y normativo por el que se rige el impacto de la IED en el desarrollo sostenible de Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/86336809-es
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  • 87
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    OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264813632
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Unternehmensethik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct are recommendations addressed by governments to multinational enterprises. They aim to encourage positive contributions enterprises can make to economic, environmental and social progress, and to minimise adverse impacts on matters covered by the Guidelines that may be associated with an enterprise’s operations, products and services. The Guidelines cover all key areas of business responsibility, including human rights, labour rights, environment, bribery, consumer interests, disclosure, science and technology, competition, and taxation. The 2023 edition of the Guidelines provides updated recommendations for responsible business conduct across key areas, such as climate change, biodiversity, technology, business integrity and supply chain due diligence, as well as updated implementation procedures for the National Contact Points for Responsible Business Conduct.
    DOI: 10.1787/81f92357-en
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  • 88
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    Strengthening Latvia’s Housing Affordability Fund (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264996175 , 9789264390058 , 9789264382978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (133 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Wohnungspolitik ; Investmentfonds ; Immobilienfinanzierung ; Immobilienpreis ; Wohnkosten ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Lettland ; Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: The Latvian government established the Housing Affordability Fund in mid-2022, a long-term self-sustaining financing model to channel investment into affordable housing. The fund is now being scaled up to ensure lasting impact on the Latvian housing market. This report identifies options for institutional arrangements, funding and financing opportunities, and operational tools to achieve this aim. It draws on the rich and diverse experiences of four peer countries in establishing and operating revolving fund schemes for affordable housing (Austria, Denmark, the Netherlands and Slovenia), and also reflects findings from engagement with a range of stakeholders in the Latvian housing sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/84736a67-en
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  • 89
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    Water Financing and Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia : Highlights of a National Dialogue on Water (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264962590 , 9789264451698 , 9789264378087
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (119 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Water
    Keywords: Überschwemmung ; Katastrophenschutz ; Indonesien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Indonesia
    Abstract: This report presents the policy recommendations resulting from the National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia, which took place between June 2022 and March 2023. Getting water resources management right, underpinned with appropriate financing mechanisms, is a prerequisite for realising Indonesia’s ambitious national economic growth agenda to become one of the top five global economies by 2045. The Dialogue, therefore, centred around two priority areas: 1) financing water infrastructure and 2) non-structural measures for flood disaster risk reduction. The report explores several instruments to enhance the financing of water services in Indonesia, such as the advantages and disadvantages of uniform water tariffs, independent economic regulation, pollution charges and demand management instruments. The report recommends the utilisation of land value capture as an additional source of financing. It also explores how water information systems for disaster response, flood forecasting and early warning can reduce flood disaster risk. The National Dialogue on Water in Indonesia is part of a regional initiative with the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea, the Asia Water Council and the OECD.
    DOI: 10.1787/3205b20a-en
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  • 90
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    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 91
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    What is the social and solidarity economy? A review of concepts (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/13
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Produced as part of the OECD Global Action on Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems, funded by the European Union's Foreign Partnership Instrument, this paper provides a framework to clarify the core notions of the social and solidarity economy, along with social economy, social enterprise, social innovation and other related notions. The objective is to explain what they are and understand how these notions have evolved in recent decades. It also aims to capture and document the great diversity within social and solidarity economy organisations in terms of purposes, legal entities, business models and practices to help better characterise the "population" of social and solidarity economy entities.
    DOI: 10.1787/dbc7878d-en
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  • 92
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    Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Schulungsprogrammen für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Improving the effectiveness of inclusive and social entrepreneurship training schemes
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Améliorer l'efficacité des programmes de formation à l'entrepreneuriat inclusif et social
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Dieses Kurzdossier über die Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit von Schulungsprogrammen für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum wurde von der OECD und der Europäischen Kommission erstellt. Darin wird die Bedeutung der Schulungsprogramme erörtert und ein Überblick über die verschiedenen verfügbaren Schulungsprogramme gegeben. Ferner wird untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten den Regierungen zur Verfügung stehen, um diese Schulungsprogramme zu stärken, und es werden Orientierungshilfen für die Konzeption wirksamerer Schulungsprogramme für inklusives und soziales Unternehmertum gegeben.
    DOI: 10.1787/88cc1be9-de
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  • 93
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    Civisme fiscal : Qu'est-ce qui motive les particuliers et les entreprises à payer des impôts ? (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264627376 , 9789264507371 , 9789264452107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Découvrir ce qui motive le civisme fiscal - la volonté intrinsèque de payer l'impôt - peut grandement aider les gouvernements à concevoir des politiques fiscales et à les administrer, en particulier dans les pays en développement où les taux de conformité sont faibles. Ce rapport s'appuie sur des recherches antérieures de l'OCDE pour identifier certains des principaux moteurs socio-économiques et institutionnels du civisme fiscal dans les pays en développement, et cherche à vérifier les preuves du contrat social en examinant l'impact des services publics sur le civisme fiscal. Il utilise également de nouvelles données sur la certitude fiscale comme point d'entrée pour explorer le civisme fiscal des entreprises, où la recherche existante est très limitée. Enfin, le rapport identifie une série de facteurs liés au système fiscal susceptibles d'affecter la prise de décision des entreprises, la manière dont ils varient d'une région à l'autre, et suggère quelques domaines de recherche future. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit une série de suggestions pour la poursuite des travaux et la manière dont les considérations relatives au civisme fiscal peuvent être intégrées dans des stratégies holistiques de conformité fiscale.
    DOI: 10.1787/4ce7612d-fr
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  • 94
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    Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and democratic values (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Business and Finance Policy Papers no.31
    Keywords: Virtuelle Währung ; Geldpolitik ; Zentralbank ; Demokratie ; Soziale Werte ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Discussions on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have so far mostly focused on the potential risks that these currencies could represent for financial intermediation and financial stability. It is important, however, to also consider how they could contribute to the welfare of citizens, and how they can be leveraged to help uphold certain democratic values. This paper explores how the design and implementation of CBDCs can help countries mitigate threats to individual liberties and human rights, as well as promote the equitable treatment of citizens, the protection of privacy, and citizens' trust in central banks. The sound governance architecture of CBDC systems at the national and international level can further support these objectives.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3e70f1f-en
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  • 95
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    Vales Sociais : Instrumentos inovadores para a inclusão social e o desenvolvimento local (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Social vouchers: Innovative tools for social inclusion and local development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Bonos sociales : Instrumentos innovadores para la inclusión social y el desarrollo local
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Este documento explora a função dos vales sociais como um instrumento de inclusão social e desenvolvimento local. Apresenta uma tipologia dos vales e dos respetivos objetivos, que regem os quadros institucionais e regulamentares, a utilização pelos governos nacionais e locais e a economia social (secção 1). Analisa os desafios e as oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de vales à luz da crise da COVID-19 e sugere recomendações para tirar partido de forma mais eficaz dos vales sociais como um instrumento para "reconstruir melhor" (seção 2). Por último, ilustra e analisa casos específicos na Bélgica, Brasil, Chéquia, França, México, Marrocos e Roménia (seção 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/66b05bdc-pt
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  • 96
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    Impact indicators for culture, sports and business events : A guide - Part II (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2023/11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This OECD Guide sets out a framework of indicators to measure the impact of global events on local development. Global events (including culture, sports and business events) can have a significant impact on local development. Yet measuring this impact in a consistent, reliable, and comprehensive way can be challenging. This Guide presents a set of indicators which events hosts can incorporate into their evaluation strategy to assess the economic, social, and environmental impact of their event. It offers practical guidance and advice on how to implement this framework, alongside examples of indicator use. In doing so, the Guide supports the OECD Recommendation on Global Events and Local Development, which helps countries and future hosts bring greater local benefits and legacies from global events. This Guide can be read alongside "How to measure the impact of culture, sports and business events: A guide - Part I".
    DOI: 10.1787/e2062a5b-en
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  • 97
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    Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264509856
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen zu verantwortungsvollem unternehmerischem Handeln
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales sur la conduite responsable des entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais sobre Conduta Empresarial Responsável
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales sobre Conducta Empresarial Responsable son recomendaciones dirigidas por los gobiernos a las empresas multinacionales. Su objetivo es fomentar las contribuciones positivas que las empresas pueden hacer al progreso económico, ambiental y social, y minimizar los impactos negativos en los ámbitos cubiertos por las Líneas Directrices que puedan estar asociados a las operaciones, productos y servicios de una empresa. Las Líneas Directrices cubren todas las áreas clave de la responsabilidad empresarial, incluidos los derechos humanos, los derechos laborales, el medio ambiente, el cohecho, los intereses de los consumidores, la divulgación de información, la ciencia y la tecnología, la competencia y las cuestiones tributarias. La edición de 2023 de las Líneas Directrices proporciona recomendaciones actualizadas para la conducta empresarial responsable en áreas clave, como el cambio climático, la biodiversidad, la tecnología, la integridad empresarial y la debida diligencia en las cadenas de suministro, así como procedimientos de implementación actualizados para los Puntos Nacionales de Contacto para la Conducta Empresarial Responsable.
    DOI: 10.1787/7abea681-es
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  • 98
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    Mechanisms to Prevent Carbon Lock-in in Transition Finance (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264986695 , 9789264476257 , 9789264732964
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Klimaschutz ; Emissionshandel ; Theorie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Carbon lock-in occurs when high-emission infrastructure or assets continue to be used, despite the possibility of substituting them with low-emission alternatives, thereby delaying or preventing the transition to near-zero or zero-emission alternatives. Transition finance, which focuses on the dynamic transformation and decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, frequently faces the issue of carbon lock-in, particularly in considerations of investment feasibility and eligibility. Despite most transition finance approaches incorporating lock-in avoidance as a core principle, existing transition instruments and approaches put in place varying or limited mechanisms to prevent lock-in. Building on the OECD Guidance on Transition Finance, this report takes stock of how carbon lock-in risk is addressed in existing transition finance approaches (such as taxonomies, roadmaps, or guidance), financial instruments, and relevant public and private investment frameworks and methodologies. The report provides good practices on the integration of credible mechanisms to prevent carbon lock-in, address greenwashing risks and build confidence in the market. It can inform both public and private actors in the development of transition finance approaches, standards for green, transition and sustainability-linked debt, frameworks for corporate transition plans, or broader climate-related disclosure frameworks.
    DOI: 10.1787/d5c49358-en
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  • 99
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    Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264323728 , 9789264718036 , 9789264417366
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Herramientas para una política de competencia con perspectiva de género
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Manuel pour un traitement inclusif du genre dans les politiques de concurrence
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: What has competition got to do with gender? Competition authorities play a crucial role in shaping fair and thriving markets. However, the connection between competition and gender is often overlooked. This Toolkit equips competition authorities with the knowledge and tools necessary to incorporate gender considerations into their work. The Toolkit offers an evidence-based approach, going beyond theory to provide concrete recommendations that can enhance the accuracy of analysis, facilitate cartel investigations and optimise advocacy efforts. Drawing from gender research in related policy areas such as corporate governance, anti-corruption, and behavioural economics, this Toolkit provides a comprehensive framework for integrating gender considerations. By incorporating this Toolkit into their day-to-day operations, competition authorities can contribute even more to the advancement of fair and efficient markets that benefit individuals of all genders.
    DOI: 10.1787/0d789043-en
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  • 100
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    DeFi liquidations : Volatility and liquidity (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions no.48
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This work delves into the liquidations mechanism inherent in Decentralised Finance (DeFi) lending protocols and the connection between liquidations and price volatility in decentralised exchanges (DEXs). The analysis employs transactional data of three of the largest DeFi lending protocols and provides evidence of a positive relation between liquidations and post-liquidations price volatility across the main DEX pools. Without directly observing the behaviour of liquidators, these findings indirectly indicate that liquidators require market liquidity to carry out large liquidations and affect market conditions while doing so.
    DOI: 10.1787/0524faaf-en
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