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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis : evidence from a new data set (2020)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9498
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Evenett, Simon Trade Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: Evidence from a New Data Set
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; trade policy ; export restrictions ; import liberalization ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents new high-frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on a week-by-week basis. The data set reveals a rapid increase in trade policy activism in February and March 2020 in tandem with the rise in COVID-19 cases, but also uncovers extensive heterogeneity across countries in their use of trade policy and the types of measures used. Some countries acted to restrict exports and facilitate imports, others targeted only one of these margins, and many did not use trade policy at all. The observed heterogeneity suggests numerous research questions on the drivers of trade policy responses to COVID-19, the effects of these measures on trade and prices of critical products, and the role of trade agreements in influencing trade activism
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9498
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Value Chains and Deep Integration (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Baccini, Leonardo Global Value Chains and Deep Integration
    Abstract: How does trade affect the design of preferential trade agreements (PTAs)? What is the role of global value chains (GVCs)? The authors answer these questions by empirically investigating the causal impact of gross and value-added trade on the depth of PTAs. To solve the critical issue of endogeneity of trade flows for trade policy, the identification strategy exploits a recent transportation shock: the sharp increase in the maximum size of container ships, which has more than tripled between 1995 and 2007. The key variation in our instrument hinges on the fact that only deep-water ports can accommodate new larger ships. The strategy is flexible enough to generate excludable instruments for different value-added components of exports. This allows us to assess how the design (depth) of PTAs is affected not only by gross exports but more specifically by GVC-trade as captured by indicators of trade in domestic and foreign value added. The authors find that trade occurring through GVCs increases the probability of forming deep PTAs, id est, agreements that include provisions that go beyond the coverage of the WTO. These GVC-trade effects are larger than those of gross exports, which include flows that are unrelated to GVCs. The results indicate that GVCs are one important driver of deep preferential liberalization
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9598
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Right here, right now? New evidence on the economic effects of services trade reform (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.271
    Keywords: Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides evidence on the “when, how and where” of the effects of service trade policy reforms, discussing short-term impacts on services trade as well as on the performance of downstream manufacturing industries. A combination of novel methodological approaches is used to be able to track impacts over time and along the supply chain. The OECD Services Trade Restrictiveness Index serves as the measure for trade policy reform. Results show that reducing policy barriers to services trade can increase services imports already in the short run, and that benefits continue to grow over time. The impact of services trade reforms may still vary significantly depending on the nature of the policy change, the economic context, and the targeted mode of services supply. Finally, services trade reforms can have sizeable spillover effects on the productivity of manufacturing sectors that use services as intermediate inputs.
    DOI: 10.1787/1159657f-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions between goods and services in international trade : Implications for customs valuation and rules of origin (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.274
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper examines whether the customs valuation systems and rules of origin are sufficiently attuned to the changing landscape of commercial realities characterised by new and diverse configurations of goods-services trade. It proposes a framework to categorise relevant configurations of goods-services trade and applies it to identify potential challenges arising from the current procedures for customs valuation and origin determination. While the existing rules provide an adequate structure for doing business and achieving legitimate trade policy objectives, challenges can arise across different configurations of goods-services trade. Options for policy solutions include developing guidelines and implementation standards to fine-tune customs valuation and rules of origin that apply to specific goods-services trade configurations. The promotion of multilateral openness, harmonisation of rules and practices, and transparency of jurisprudence would contribute to minimising the impact and frequency of potential challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/e4c86fdd-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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