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  • 1
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 107 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2013, 01
    Series Statement: Industry and innovation
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: New business models can make an important contribution to the transition to green growth. While some new business models involve large firms, others are small start-up firms that seek to exploit technological or commercial opportunities that have been neglected or not yet explored by more established firms. New firms tend to engage in more radical innovation than existing firms, and scaling up new business models can therefore help reduce environmental pollution, optimise the use of natural resources, increase productivity and energy efficiency, and provide a new source of economic growth. Although the market for green goods and services is growing, the development of new business models is affected by a range of barriers, many of which can be addressed by well-designed policies.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2003/14
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines how measurement problems affect international comparisons of labour productivity. It suggests that these measurement problems do not significantly affect the assessment of aggregate productivity patterns in the OECD area. However, these problems do influence the more detailed assessment of productivity growth, notably the role of specific sectors and demand components in aggregate performance. The paper shows that there are only a few significant problems regarding the comparability of nominal GDP across OECD countries, the most important being the treatment of software investment. In most cases, efforts are underway to reduce the size of these differences. Measurement differences for real GDP are also important, although several of these factors have impacts that work in different directions. Moreover, several of these problems primarily affect the distribution of total GDP across different expenditure categories and across different activities, not necessarily ...
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Pages: 131 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.248
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper discusses growth performance in the OECD countries over the past two decades. Special attention is given to developments in labour productivity, allowing for human capital accumulation, and multifactor productivity (MFP), allowing for changes in the composition and quality of physical capital. The paper suggests wide (and growing) disparities in GDP per capita growth, while differences in labour productivity have remained broadly stable. These patterns are explained by different employment growth rates across countries. In the most recent years, a rise in MFP growth in ICT-related industries has boosted aggregate growth in some countries (e.g. the United States) ...
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 49-82
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 48 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Production and Use of ICT: A Sectoral Perspective on Productivity Growth in the OECD Area
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 49-82
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Le présent document examine les rôles du secteur de production de TIC et des principales industries utilisatrices de TIC vis-à-vis de la croissance globale de la productivité dans les pays de l’OCDE. Le secteur de fabrication des TIC, en particulier, se distingue dans de nombreux pays par des taux de croissance de la productivité très élevés, et contribue largement à la croissance de la productivité du travail en Corée, en Finlande et en Irlande. Dans quelques pays, et notamment en Australie et aux États-Unis, certains services utilisateurs de TIC ont aussi enregistré une reprise supérieure à la moyenne de la croissance de la productivité au cours de la seconde moitié de la décennie 1990. De plus amples réformes structurelles pourront s’avérer nécessaires pour que l’utilisation des TIC se traduise également dans les statistiques de productivité d’autres pays de l’OCDE. Par ailleurs, les différences observées selon les pays dans la mesure de la productivité des industries productrices et utilisatrices de TIC compliquent les analyses internationales.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.162
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of mark-ups of product prices over marginal costs for 36 manufacturing industries in 14 OECD countries over the 1970- 1992 period. The estimates are based on the methodology put forward by Roeger (1995), extended to include intermediate inputs. After a discussion of analytical and data issues, the estimates are presented and shown to be smaller than those of previous studies. It is also shown that the level and dispersion of mark-ups are consistent with a priori views about characteristics of the market structure prevailing in each industry. Finally, the paper examines how mark-up estimates affect the estimated rate of growth of total factor productivity (TFP) ...
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 47-78
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Production et utilisation des TIC : Perspectives sectorielles sur la croissance de la productivité dans la zone OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2002, no. 2, p. 47-78
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper examines the roles of the ICT-producing sector and of key ICT-using industries in overall productivity growth in OECD countries. The ICT manufacturing sector, in particular, has been characterised by very high rates of productivity growth in many countries and provides a large contribution to labour productivity growth in Finland, Ireland and Korea. In a few countries, notably the United States and Australia, certain ICT-using services have also experienced an above-average pick-up in productivity growth in the second half of the 1990s. Further structural reform may be needed before ICT use will also show up in the productivity statistics of other OECD countries. Differences in the measurement of productivity in ICT-producing and -using industries across countries complicate the cross-country analysis.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.169
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides estimates of labour productivity levels in OECD manufacturing, for 9 countries and 36 industrial sectors. It also provides an overview of some of the available evidence on cross-country productivity differences in the service sector. The paper uses industry-specific conversion factors to calculate productivity levels, based on available industry-of-origin studies and material from the expenditure approach to international comparisons. After a discussion of some methodological issues, the paper describes the estimation of manufacturing productivity levels in detail, while also referring to some other recent work on the issue. The variation in cross-country productivity levels appears to be quite large in the OECD area, suggesting that there may be scope for further productivity catch-up in many countries and many sectors ...
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2001/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper examines the roles of the ICT-producing sector and of key ICT-using industries in overall productivity growth in OECD countries. The ICT-producing sector provides a considerable contribution to productivity growth in several OECD countries and explains some of the pick-up in productivity growth in the United States in the second half of the 1990s. ICT manufacturing, in particular, has been characterised by very high rates of productivity growth in many countries. Some countries with a large ICT sector, such as Finland and Ireland, have experienced above-average multifactor productivity (MFP) growth in the second half of the 1990s. But some countries with a small ICT sector, such as Australia, have also observed rapid MFP growth, suggesting that a large ICT sector is no prerequisite for faster MFP growth. In some countries, notably Finland and the United States, certain ICT-using ...
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2001, no. 2, p. 137-184
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 61 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring productivity
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2001, no. 2, p. 137-184
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Cette étude examine les principaux problèmes rencontrés lors du calcul d’indicateurs de productivité. Elle fournit également des pistes aux chercheurs et aux statisticiens pour résoudre ces problèmes. Elle se fonde sur le Manuel de la productivité de l’OCDE et sur les travaux récents de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Elle traite tout un ensemble de thèmes liés à l’estimation de la croissance de la productivité, notamment le choix d’un indicateur représentatif de la production (production brute ou valeur ajoutée), l’estimation de cette production, le rôle des facteurs travail et capital, ainsi que les problèmes liés au calcul d’indices. Elle passe ensuite en revue les estimations de l’OCDE relatives à la productivité ainsi que les principaux aspects du calcul de ces estimations, y compris la meilleure façon d’opérer les conversions entre devises. La dernière section est consacrée à l’interprétation des indicateurs de productivité, aux applications les plus fréquentes des résultats et aux principaux écueils à éviter. L’étude conclut que des progrès substantiels ont été réalisés ces dernières années pour rendre plus comparables les statistiques de productivité. Cependant, les données de base de nombreux pays constituent encore le principal obstacle à la construction d’indicateurs comparables de productivité. En outre, il faut que les statisticiens, les chercheurs et les décideurs soient mieux informés sur les utilisations et l’interprétation qui peuvent être faites des statistiques de productivité.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 37-65
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 41 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le paradoxe de la productivité : L'apport des micro-données
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2004, no. 1, p. 37-65
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Empirical analysis of the economic impacts of information and communications technology (ICT) has followed three main tracks, namely analysis with aggregate data on ICT investment, with data on ICTproducing and ICT-using industries, and with firm-level data. Firm-level data point to factors influencing the impacts of ICT that cannot be observed at the aggregate level, e.g. organisational factors or the availability of skills. Firm-level data can also point to competitive effects that may accompany the spread...
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