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  • Online Resource  (6,379)
  • 2010-2014  (5,509)
  • 2000-2004  (870)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (3,366)
  • Boston, MA : Safari  (3,013)
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  • Online Resource  (6,379)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chapman and Hall/CRC | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781482236248
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (384 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Commissioned by the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC), Statistics in Action: A Canadian Outlook helps both general readers and users of statistics better appreciate the scope and importance of statistics. It presents the ways in which statistics is used while highlighting key contributions that Canadian statisticians are making to science, techno
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 3, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483294605
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (208 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book explains how computers interact with the world around them and therefore how to make them a useful tool. Topics covered include descriptions of all the components that make up a computer, principles of data exchange, interaction with peripherals, serial communication, input devices, recording methods, computer-controlled motors, and printers. In an informative and straightforward manner, Graham Dixey describes how to turn what might seem an incomprehensible 'black box' PC into a powerful and enjoyable tool that can help you in all areas of your work and leisure. With plenty of handy tips and clear illustrations this book can improve your computer system, and even shows new uses for old kit such as motor control.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Morgan Kaufmann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780323139915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (435 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The rapid rate at which the field of digital picture processing has grown in the past five years had necessitated extensive revisions and the introduction of topics not found in the original edition.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 9, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Routledge | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (246 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Compiled by Duncan Evans, founder and inspiration behind 3DArtist Magazine. The Masters at Work titles will offer digital inspiration with hands-on insight and techniques from professional digital artists. More than just a gallery book - each artist has written a breakdown overview, with supporting imagery of how they made their piece of work. Start your mentorship into the world of digital art today with some of the greatest digital artists in the world and delve into professional techiques. We are asking you to comment on the series itself and then the first title in the series. The first title in the series will focus on 3D Landscapes. You will be able to develop your landscape and background skills beyond the variety of free online tutorials and apply the most up to date techniques, like colour and contrast enhancements, sharpening, composition, lighting and more! Expand your digital canvas to include a variety of new software tools with Masters at Work: 3D Landscapes. There will be a supporting website with source files, downloadable content and artist tutorials, demonstrating key techniques of some of the greatest digital artists.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed August 21, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483295534
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (400 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: 'Why are there all these different processor architectures and what do they all mean? Which processor will I use? How should I choose it?' Given the task of selecting an architecture or design approach, both engineers and managers require a knowledge of the whole system and an explanation of the design tradeoffs and their effects. This is information that rarely appears in data sheets or user manuals. This book fills that knowledge gap. Section 1 provides a primer and history of the three basic microprocessor architectures. Section 2 describes the ways in which the architectures react with the system. Section 3 looks at some more commercial aspects such as semiconductor technology, the design cycle, and selection criteria. The appendices provide benchmarking data and binary compatibility standards. Since the first edition of this book was published, much has happened within the industry. The Power PC architecture has appeared and RISC has become a more significant challenger to CISC. The book now includes new material on Power PC, and a complete chapter devoted to understanding the RISC challenge. The examples used in the text have been based on Motorola microprocessor families, but the system considerations are also applicable to other processors. For this reason comparisons to other designs have been included, and an overview of other processors including the Intel 80x86 and Pentium, DEC Alpha, SUN Sparc, and MIPS range has been given. Steve Heath has been involved in the design and development of microprocessor based systems since 1982. These designs have included VMEbus systems, microcontrollers, IBM PCs, Apple Macintoshes, and both CISC and RISC based multiprocessor systems, while using operating systems as varied as MS-DOS, UNIX, Macintosh OS and real time kernels. An avid user of computer systems, he has written numerous articles and papers for the electronics press, as well as books from Butterworth-Heinemann including VMEbus: A Practical Companion; PowerPC: A Practical Companion; MAC User's Pocket Book; UNIX Pocket Book; Upgrading Your PC Pocket Book; Upgrading Your MAC Pocket Book; and Effective PC Networking.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (480 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Biotechnology and Nutrition documents the proceedings of the Third International Symposium Biotechnology and Nutrition jointly sponsored by the University of Maryland, the United States Department of Agriculture, and E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. The symposium was organized to provide a forum for nutritionists, molecular biologists, animal and plant biochemists, food scientists, policymakers, and others who will influence the improvement of nutrition through the application of biotechnology. The contributions made by researchers at the symposium are organized into five parts. Part I provides a broad consideration of human nutrition and the ability of biotechnology to improve nutrition. Part II presents studies on carbohydrate nutrition, including industry trends and nutritional issues for food uses of starch and human physiological responses to dietary fiber. Part III focuses on proteins, including studies on improving the nutritional quality of legume seed proteins and increasing the lysine content of maize. The studies in Part IV deal with vitamins and minerals, such as genetic improvement of vegetable carotene content and iron uptake and translocation in plants. Part V examines molecular approaches in the modification and production of edible oils.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 23, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Make: Community | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (116 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: With 3D printing advancing at an incredible pace, Make: magazine continues to lead with in-depth testing and reviews of the latest machines, newest printing software, and coolest prints and projects to create. This year's crop of printers features sleek, high-tech looks coupled with increasingly sophisticated interfaces that lower the barrier of entry to a wider range of new users. We'll show buyers how to pick the best printer for their needs, how to use it effectively, and how to fix problems when they arise. All this plus the wide-range of projects, features, and columns found in every issue of Make:--it's our annual best-seller, better than ever!In this issue: 24 Head-to-head printer reviews 10 cool prints in under 30 minutes "State of 3D Printing" overview Sneak peek at tomorrow's 3D printers Plus More Projects: 3D-printed Eyeglass frames CT-scanned skulls and medical images Cyberpunk Spikes Universal Translator
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 7, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9789814411714
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (500 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book provides quick access to quantum mechanics without dealing with a true textbook that demands proper specialized studies in physics (and related mathematics) for about a couple of years. It consists of three parts: basic formalism, formal development, and ontological issues. The 70 figures are a crucial instrument for becoming acquainted in a "representative" way with abstract problems, and the 30 in-section boxes assist readers understand for difficult mathematical problems. The book offers a considerable number of clear and analytical treatments of what are considered the most difficult conceptual problems of the theory.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 20, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Alpha | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781615646371
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (320 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Idiot's Guides: Guitar Theory is music theory for guitar and other fretboard instruments. Beginning with very simple and clear explanations, the book defines notes, their names, relationships, and guitar tablature and then explains rhythm, keeping time, and strumming. The book then goes into depth on the major scale and the four basic chords, to make guitar theory very clear and keep it easy, before going into all the chords and scales. The last part of the book covers playing solo and with others. There is more than an hour of listen- and follow-along audio files online with all of the music in the book and more.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed November 4, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Make: Community | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (160 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Everyone's buzzing about drones! Why? Because drones are cool and fun! They can be used to deliver pizza, as surveillance and security devices, for aerial photography and more! In MAKE's v37, we'll look at all this, plus take a "maker's" view on drones: how DIY buffs can actually make one. There are over 25 pages in this special section, including a walk-through drone taxonomy (air/land/sea), the landscape of the law surrounding drones today, and a bird's eye view of the drone aerial photography project. Other projects in this packed issue: License plate guitar Chameleon bag (changes colors based onwhat's missing from your bag!) GPS cat collar Zombie flashlight (uses dead batteries and empty chapstick tube)
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 17, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Morgan Kaufmann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483298603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (614 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Uncertainty Proceedings 1994
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Routledge | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (184 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Costumes are an integral part of any performance, adding believability, conveying setting, or establishing the tone, a fact that is no less true when your performer is a puppet! The only book of its kind, The Well-Dressed Puppet will show you how to create costumes and accessories tailored specifically for your puppet that will enhance any performance. Gone are the days of ill-fitting store-bought clothing that restrict the movement and use of your puppet. Author Cheralyn Lambeth walks you through every step of the costume-making process with detailed lists of the necessary materials, equipment, and patterns required to create a costume from scratch. She also shares multiple tips and information on how to modify off-the-rack clothing to fit any puppet. Suitable for both beginners and more advanced costumers, The Well-Dressed Puppet demonstrates basic sewing and construction techniques while still providing advanced projects for customers who have already mastered those skills.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 11, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Routledge | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (432 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Can you turn a soulful ballad into a hit dance track, or make any Billboard hit your own? With this all-in-one guide to remixing, you can! Whether you're just beginning to mix tracks or you're already a professional DJ or producer, this step-by-step guide takes you through the entire process of making your own professional-quality remixes. Author Simon Langford, a renowned remixer/producer with over 300 remixes and chart-toppers under his belt, shares his years of experience and expertise in the most in-depth guide to remixing on the market. The Remix Manual covers creative processes, technical, legal, and contractual issues, and includes a unique remix "walk-through," and useful contacts and links. The companion website, www.TheRemixManual.com, provides source files that illustrate all stages of the remix, as well as additional interviews and walk-throughs, a Buyer's Guide, video tutorials, and demo versions of the hottest mixing software.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 5, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483296432
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (400 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This up-to-date second edition provides a comprehensive examination of the theory and application of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) in acoustics and vibration. Complete with examples and data taken from real problems this unique book also explores the influence of computers on SEA and emphasizes computer based SEA calculations. In addition to a discussion of the relationship between SEA and other procedures used in response estimation, Theory and Application of Statistical Energy Anlaysis, Second Edition, explores the basic relationships between model and wave descriptions of systems.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483104263
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (240 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Students' Guide to Business Computing discusses topics concerning the use of computers in business. The book is comprised of nine chapters that define systems requirements and discuss the issues in designing a system. Chapter 1 covers the business enterprise, while Chapter 2 tackles business computers. Chapter 3 talks about initiating the systems development life cycle, and then Chapter 4 deals with determining system requirements. The book also covers systems design and choosing and using a programming language. Applications software and systems testing and implementation are also discussed. The last chapter talks about selecting business computing hardware and software. The text will be useful to entrepreneurs who want to integrate information technology into their business.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 21, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (288 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Many areas of mining engineering gather and use statistical information, provided by observing the actual operation of equipment, their systems, the development of mining works, surface subsidence that accompanies underground mining, displacement of rocks surrounding surface pits and underground drives and longwalls, amongst others. In addition, the actual modern machines used in surface mining are equipped with diagnostic systems that automatically trace all important machine parameters and send this information to the main producer's computer. Such data not only provide information on the technical properties of the machine but they also have a statistical character. Furthermore, all information gathered during stand and lab investigations where parts, assemblies and whole devices are tested in order to prove their usefulness, have a stochastic character. All of these materials need to be developed statistically and, more importantly, based on these results mining engineers must make decisions whether to undertake actions, connected with the further operation of the machines, the further development of the works, etc. For these reasons, knowledge of modern statistics is necessary for mining engineers; not only as to how statistical analysis of data should be conducted and statistical synthesis should be done, but also as to understanding the results obtained and how to use them to make appropriate decisions in relation to the mining operation. This book on statistical analysis and synthesis starts with a short repetition of probability theory and also includes a special section on statistical prediction. The text is illustrated with many examples taken from mining practice; moreover the tables required to conduct statistical inference are included.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 14, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chapman and Hall/CRC | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (336 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Although widely used in science and technology for experimental data generating, modeling, and optimization, the response surface methodology (RSM) has many limitations. Showing how robust response surface methodology (RRSM) can overcome these limitations, Robust Response Surfaces, Regression, and Positive Data Analyses presents RRS designs, along with the relevant regression and positive data analysis techniques. It explains how to use RRSM in experimental designs and regression analysis. The book addresses problems of RRS designs, such as rotatability, slope-rotatability, weak rotatability, and optimality. It describes methods for estimating model parameters as well as positive data analysis techniques. The author illustrates the concepts and methods with real examples of lifetime responses, resistivity, replicated measures, and more. The range of topics and applications gives the book broad appeal both to theoreticians and practicing professionals. The book helps quality engineers, scientists in any area, medical practitioners, demographers, economists, and statisticians understand the theory and applications of RRSM. It can also be used in a second course on the design of experiments.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 21, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Morgan Kaufmann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483295961
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (300 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book presents four contributions to planning research within an integrated framework. James Allen offers a survey of his research in the field of temporal reasoning, and then describes a planning system formalized and implemented directly as an inference process in the temporal logic. Starting from the same logic, Henry Kautz develops the first formal specification of the plan recognition process and develops a powerful family of algorithms for plan recognition in complex situations. Richard Pelavin then extends the temporal logic with model operators that allow the representation to support reasoning about complex planning situations involving simultaneous interacting actions, and interaction with external events. Finally, Josh Tenenberg introduces two different formalisms of abstraction in planning systems and explores the properties of these abstraction techniques in depth.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (476 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Understanding the Basics of Nanoindentation and Why It Is Important Contact damage induced brittle fracture is a common problem in the field of brittle solids. In the case of both glass and ceramics-and as it relates to both natural and artificial bio-materials-it has triggered the need for improved fabrication technology and new product development in the industry. The Nanoindentation Technique Is Especially Dedicated to Brittle Materials Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids highlights the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials, and considers the applicability of the nanoindentation technique. This book provides a thorough understanding of basic contact induced deformation mechanisms, damage initiation, and growth mechanisms. Starting from the basics of contact mechanics and nanoindentation, it considers contact mechanics, addresses contact issues in brittle solids, and explores the concepts of hardness and elastic modulus of a material. It examines a variety of brittle solids and deciphers the physics of deformation and fracture at scale lengths compatible with the microstructural unit block. Discusses nanoindentation data analysis methods and various nanoindentation techniques Includes nanoindentation results from the authors' recent research on natural biomaterials like tooth, bone, and fish scale materials Considers the nanoindentation response if contact is made too quickly in glass Explores energy issues related to the nanoindentation of glass Describes the nanoindentation response of a coarse grain alumina Examines nanoindentation on microplasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings Nanoindentation of Brittle Solids provides a brief history of indentation, and explores the science and technology of nanoindentation related to brittle materials. It also offers an in-depth discussion of indentation size effect; the evolution of shear induced deformation during indentation and scratches, and includes a collection of related research works.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 25, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483278247
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (302 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Microprocessor Architectures and Systems: RISC, CISC, and DSP focuses on the developments of Motorola's CISC, RISC, and DSP processors and the advancements of the design, functions, and architecture of microprocessors. The publication first ponders on complex instruction set computers and 32-bit CISC processors. Discussions focus on MC68881 and MC68882 floating point coprocessors, debugging support, MC68020 32-bit performance standard, bus interfaces, MC68010 SUPERVISOR resource, and high-level language support. The manuscript then covers the RISC challenge, digital signal processing, and memory management and caches. Topics include implementing memory systems, multitasking and user/supervisor conflicts, partitioning the system, cache size and organization, DSP56000 family, MC88100 programming model, M88000 family, and the 80/20 rule. The text examines the selection of a microprocessor architecture, changing design cycle, semiconductor technology, multiprocessing, and real-time software, interrupts, and exceptions. Concerns include locating associated tasks, MC88100 interrupt service routines, single- and multiple-threaded operating systems, and the MC68300 family. The publication is a valuable reference for computer engineers and researchers interested in microprocessor architectures and systems.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 12, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (551 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Dedicated to users and developers of high-powered systems, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials focuses on the research field of laser-induced damage and explores the significant and steady growth of applications for high-power lasers in the academic, industrial, and military arenas. Written by renowned experts in the field, this book concentrates on the major topics of laser-induced damage in optical materials and most specifically addresses research in laser damage that occurs in the bulk and on the surface or the coating of optical components. It considers key issues in the field of high-power laser coatings, factoring in the effects of contamination and providing insight into typical application areas. Become Familiar with the Key Areas of Modern Photonics The text first provides a basic understanding of theoretical and experimental methods and then summarizes the current progress, strategies, and improvements occurring within the field of laser-induced damage. Divided into four sections, this book outlines apparent trends in modeling, and discusses measurement and evaluation techniques for laser damage thresholds in the context of international standardization and scaling laws for damage thresholds. This seminal work: Covers the major aspects of laser damage Considers all important aspects in industry and research Reviews laser damage effects in material and surfaces Contains chapters contributed by leading scientists in the field Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials details a variety of fundamental investigations in laser-induced damage mechanisms and functions as a valuable reference for researchers and producers of laser components, laser and photonics engineers and scientists, as well as users of laser technology and thin film optics.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 3, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : A K Peters/CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (404 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A Versatile Framework for Handling Subdivided Geometric Objects Combinatorial Maps: Efficient Data Structures for Computer Graphics and Image Processing gathers important ideas related to combinatorial maps and explains how the maps are applied in geometric modeling and image processing. It focuses on two subclasses of combinatorial maps: n -Gmaps and n -maps. Suitable for researchers and graduate students in geometric modeling, computational and discrete geometry, computer graphics, and image processing and analysis, the book presents the data structures, operations, and algorithms that are useful in handling subdivided geometric objects. It shows how to study data structures for the explicit representation of subdivided geometric objects and describes operations for handling the structures. The book also illustrates results of the design of data structures and operations.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed September 19, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Woodhead Publishing | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781845699673
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (432 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) contain the fuel and therefore the reaction at the heart of nuclear power plants. They are a life-determining structural component: if they suffer serious damage, the continued operation of the plant is in jeopardy. This book critically reviews irradiation embrittlement, the main degradation mechanism affecting RPV steels, and mitigation routes for managing the RPV lifetime. Part I reviews RPV design and fabrication in different countries, with an emphasis on the materials required, their important properties, and manufacturing technologies. Part II then considers RVP embrittlement in operational nuclear power plants using different reactors. Chapters are devoted to embrittlement in light-water reactors, including WWER-type reactors and Magnox reactors. Finally, Part III presents techniques for studying embrittlement, including irradiation simulation techniques, microstructural characterisation techniques, and probabilistic fracture mechanics. Irradiation Embrittlement of Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) in Nuclear Power Plants provides a thorough review of an issue that is central to the safety of nuclear power generation. The book includes contributions from an international team of experts, and will be a useful resource for nuclear plant operators and managers, relevant regulatory and safety bodies, nuclear metallurgists and other academics in this field Discusses reactor pressure vessel (RPV) design and the effect irradiation embrittlement can have, the main degradation mechanism affecting RPVs Examines embrittlement processes in RPVs in different reactor types, as well as techniques for studying RPV embrittlement
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed September 1, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (416 pages)
    Edition: 4th edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Since the third edition of this reference was completed, there have been major changes in the global chemical industry. With less emphasis on new processes for making basic chemicals and more emphasis on pollution prevention and waste disposal, petrochemical processes are giving way to biochemical processes. These changes are reflected in the new processes being developed, many of which have their own names. In addition, niche improvements are still being made in petrochemistry, and some of these processes have new names as well. Gathering and defining a large portion of special named processes that may fall outside standard chemical texts or be scattered among industry manuals, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Named Processes in Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition provides a single-source reference on an extensive array of named processes. It provides concise descriptions of those processes in chemical technology that are known by special names that are not self-explanatory. While overviews of the chemical technology industry are present in other books, most of the names defined within this volume are unique to this compilation. This reference includes named processes in current commercial use around the world, processes that have been or are being piloted on a substantial scale, and even obsolete processes that have been important in the past. The length of the dictionary entries reflects their importance and topicality. The text includes references that document the origins of the processes and review the latest developments. Written by a highly experienced and respected author, this user-friendly text is presented in a practical dictionary format that is useful for a broad audience including industrial chemists and engineers.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed February 21, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chapman and Hall/CRC | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781466569188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (423 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Cloud Computing and Digital Media: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Applications presents the fundamentals of cloud and media infrastructure, novel technologies that integrate digital media with cloud computing, and real-world applications that exemplify the potential of cloud computing for next-generation digital media. It brings together technologie
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 7, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 26
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Morgan Kaufmann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483298566
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (445 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Uncertainty Proceedings 1991
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 27
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chandos Publishing | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781843347927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (200 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book covers the different aspects, such as patents, trademarks and copyright of Intellectual Property (IP) from a more practical business perspective. Intellectual Property and Assessing its' Financial Value describes the differences between regions, mainly the differences between the US and EU. In addition, several tools are presented for assessing the value of new IP, which is of importance before engaging on a new project that could result in new IP or for licensing purposes. The first chapter introduces the different types of IP and illustrating the business importance of capturing and safeguarding IP, the second chapter discusses patents and other forms of IP with subsequent chapters exploring copyright and trademarks in more detail, and a concluding chapter on the future of systems that can assess new IP value. Introduces IP and various features from a business perspective Includes tools to assess the value of new IP Provides a comprehensive and practical insight into IP Explores other forms of IP including designs, models, breeders rights, and domain names Offers an applied approach to IP and systems to evaluate the value of new IP
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 11, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 28
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : CRC Press | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (384 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: This book contains the papers presented at the International Conference on Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World, held at the premises of the Vienna University of Technology from May 27 to May 28, 2014. The book represents a significant contribution to Law, Economics, Information & Communication Technologies, Journalism and Psychology, including topical research work in the presented fields. This interdisciplinary volume is also essential reading for all those interested in international pluralism in terms of scientific contributions. The Pan-European University, respecting its own vision and ambition to become a well-known institution within the Global Research Area, traditionally elaborates research and scientifi c collaboration across national borders. The educational principles and research attitudes of the Pan-European University grasp the traditions of many cultures and geographic areas. The International Conference on Current Issues of Science and Research in the Global World was part of a series of similar top-rated international events organized by the Pan-European University, bringing together scientists, professionals, policymakers and representatives of culture from many countries.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 1, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chapman and Hall/CRC | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (383 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Wide-Ranging Coverage of Parametric Modeling in Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects ModelsMixed Effects Models for the Population Approach: Models, Tasks, Methods and Tools presents a rigorous framework for describing, implementing, and using mixed effects models. With these models, readers can perform parameter estimation and modeling across a whol
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed July 14, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 30
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Butterworth-Heinemann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780124200067
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (108 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: This book describes the fundamentals and potential applications of 'friction stir superplasticity for unitized structures'. Conventional superplastic forming of sheets is limited to the thickness of 3 mm because the fine grained starting material is produced by rolling. Friction stir superplasticity has grown rapidly in the last decade because of the effectiveness of microstructural refinement. The thickness of the material remains almost constant, and that allows for forming of thick sheets/plates, which was not possible before. The field has reached a point where designers have opportunities to expand the extent of unitized structures, which are structures in which the traditional primary part and any supporting structures are fabricated as a single unit. With advanced optimization and material considerations, this class of structures can be lighter weight and more efficient, making them less costly, as well as mechanically less complex, reducing areas of possible failure. Discusses how friction stir processing allows selective microstructural refinement without thickness change Demonstrates how higher thickness sheets and plates can be superplastically formed Examples are presented for aluminum, magnesium and titanium alloys Covers the production of low-cost unitized structures by selectively processing cast sheets/plates
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 27, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 31
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Morgan Kaufmann | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9780080948324
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (322 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms, Volume 2 provides insight of theoretical work in genetic algorithms. This book provides a general understanding of a canonical genetic algorithm. Organized into six parts encompassing 19 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of genetic algorithms in the broader adaptive systems context. This text then reviews some results in mathematical genetics that use probability distributions to characterize the effects of recombination on multiple loci in the absence of selection. Other chapters examine the static building block hypothesis (SBBH), which is the underlying assumption used to define deception. This book discusses as well the effect of noise on the quality of convergence of genetic algorithms. The final chapter deals with the primary goal in machine learning and artificial intelligence, which is to dynamically and automatically decompose problems into simpler problems to facilitate their solution. This book is a valuable resource for theorists and genetic algorithm researchers.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 28, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 32
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (256 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: The modern business climate demands a new risk management strategy Mastering Strategic Risk: A Framework for Leading and Transforming Organizations is a comprehensive guide to redesigning organizational systems to better manage the risks and complexities of the modern world. Based on the notion of "Create, Facilitate, and Support," the book provides a roadmap to ensuring optimum performance in even the most challenging circumstances. Whether applied to a system or an entire organization, the ideas presented can help unlock a business's potential and ensure a sustainable advantage. Modern business leaders face unprecedented challenges, and risk management has become a strategic priority. Traditional management frameworks are outdated, and cannot be re-tooled to effectively account for the demands and complexities of the 21st century. Instead of adjusting old, ineffective models, businesses are better served by implementing an entirely new model custom-built to lead organizations through today's business environment. Mastering Strategic Risk describes this brand new framework, and provides the tools and background leaders need to remain effective in this new age. Topics include: The three forces behind customer behavior, competitive advantage, and a culture of discipline New major change agents that drive complexity and intensity Tools that help identify and mitigate the biggest risks to operations A new HR model to drive peak performance and galvanize employees The book contains well-known real-world examples from Wachovia, Toyota, World-Com, and Citrix, that illustrate key concepts within the new framework and demonstrate the core elements of modern risk management. For the savvy leader looking to push an organization to the next level, Mastering Strategic Risk: A Framework for Leading and Transforming Organizations provides a brand new model for effective management.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed April 28, 2014)
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  • 33
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (276 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Positioning in Wireless Communications Systems explains the principal differences and similarities of wireless communications systems and navigation systems. It discusses scenarios which are critical for dedicated navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) and which motivate the use of positioning based on terrestrial wireless communication systems. The book introduces approaches for determination of parameters which are dependent on the position of the mobile terminal and also discusses iterative algorithms to estimate and track the position of the mobile terminal. Models for radio propagation and user mobility are important for performance investigations and assessments using computer simulations. Thus, channel and mobility models are explored, especially focussing on critical navigation environments like urban or indoor scenarios. Positioning in Wireless Communications Systems examines advanced algorithms such as hybrid data fusion of satellite navigation and positioning with wireless communications and cooperative positioning among mobile terminals.. The performance of the discussed positioning techniques are explored on the basis of already existing and operable terrestrial wireless communication systems such as GSM, UMTS, or LTE and it is shown how positioning issues are fixed in respective standards. Written by industry experts working at the cutting edge of technological development, the authors are well placed to give an excellent view on this topic, enabling in-depth coverage of current developments. Key features Unique in its approach to dealing with a heterogeneous system approach, different cell structures and signal proposals for future communications systems Covers hybrid positioning investigating how GNSS and wireless communications positioning complement each other Applications and exploitation of positioning information are discussed to show the benefits of including this information in several parts of a wireless communications system
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 5, 2014)
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  • 34
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (280 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: An all-encompassing text that focuses on the fundamentals of power integrity Power integrity is the study of power distribution from the source to the load and the system level issues that can occur across it. For computer systems, these issues can range from inside the silicon to across the board and may egress into other parts of the platform, including thermal, EMI, and mechanical. With a focus on computer systems and silicon level power delivery, this book sheds light on the fundamentals of power integrity, utilizing the author's extensive background in the power integrity industry and unique experience in silicon power architecture, design, and development. Aimed at engineers interested in learning the essential and advanced topics of the field, this book offers important chapter coverage of fundamentals in power distribution, power integrity analysis basics, system-level power integrity considerations, power conversion in computer systems, chip-level power, and more. Fundamentals of Power Integrity for Computer Platforms and Systems: Introduces readers to both the field of power integrity and to platform power conversion Provides a unique focus on computer systems and silicon level power delivery unavailable elsewhere Offers detailed analysis of common problems in the industry Reviews electromagnetic field and circuit representation Includes a detailed bibliography of references at the end of each chapter Works out multiple example problems within each chapter Including additional appendixes of tables and formulas, Fundamentals of Power Integrity for Computer Platforms and Systems is an ideal introductory text for engineers of power integrity as well as those in the chip design industry, specifically physical design and packaging.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 3, 2014)
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  • 35
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : SAS Institute | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (278 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Why does SAS use January 1, 1960 as its arbitrary reference date? How do you convert a value such as 27 January 2003 into a SAS date? How do you put a date into a filename, or label an Excel worksheet with the date? You'll find the answers to these questions and much more in Derek Morgan's Essential Guide to SAS Dates and Times, Second Edition, which makes it easy to understand how to use and manipulate dates, times, and datetimes in SAS. Updated for SAS 9.4, with additional functions, formats, and capabilities, the Second Edition has a new chapter dedicated to the ISO 8601 standard and the formats and functions that are new to SAS, including how SAS works with Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Novice users will appreciate the new "Troubleshooting" appendix, which discusses questions common to newer SAS users in a conversational way and provides clear examples of simple solutions to these questions. Both novice and intermediate users will find the clear, task-based examples on how to accomplish date-related tasks and the detailed explanations of standard formats and functions invaluable. Users working with intervals will appreciate the expanded discussion of the topic, which details the new custom interval capability, among other enhancements to intervals. Users working with international dates and times will benefit from the detailed discussion of the NLS facility as it relates to dates and times. Included are bonus "Quick Reference Guides" that list both the standard date and time formats and the NLS date and time formats with examples. These guides illustrate how each format displays the same date, time, or datetime, so you can find the format you want to use at a glance. The Essential Guide to SAS Dates and Times, Second Edition is the most complete and up-to-date collection of examples on how to write complex programs involving dates, times, or datetime values. This book is part of the SAS Press Program.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed December 1, 2014)
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  • 36
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Newnes | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781483183770
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (336 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Programmable Controllers: An Engineer's Guide focuses on the application and use of programmable controllers, including programming techniques, good software practices, and software engineering. The monograph first takes a look at computers and industrial control and programming techniques. Discussions focus on programming methods, bit storage, counters, timers, identification of input/output and bit addresses, input/output connections, types of control strategies, and advantages of PLC control. The manuscript then examines programming style and analog signals, closed loop control, and intelligent modules. Concerns include intelligent modules, specialist control processors, software engineering, program structure in various PLCs, and housekeeping and good software practices. The publication tackles practical aspects, industrial control with conventional computers, man-machine interface, and distributed systems. Topics include parallel and serial communications, ISO/OSI model, serial standards, simple digital control and indicators, computer graphics, maintenance and fault finding, and programming for real time control. The monograph is a valuable reference for computer science experts and researchers with a keen interest in programmable controllers.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 12, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 37
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Chapman and Hall/CRC | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781482248241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (580 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis for Statistics offers a gradual exposition to linear algebra without sacrificing the rigor of the subject. It presents both the vector space approach and the canonical forms in matrix theory. The book is as self-contained as possible, assuming no prior knowledge of linear algebra. The authors first address the rudimentary mechanics of linear systems using Gaussian elimination and the resulting decompositions. They introduce Euclidean vector spaces using less abstract concepts and make connections to systems of linear equations wherever possible. After illustrating the importance of the rank of a matrix, they discuss complementary subspaces, oblique projectors, orthogonality, orthogonal projections and projectors, and orthogonal reduction. The text then shows how the theoretical concepts developed are handy in analyzing solutions for linear systems. The authors also explain how determinants are useful for characterizing and deriving properties concerning matrices and linear systems. They then cover eigenvalues, eigenvectors, singular value decomposition, Jordan decomposition (including a proof), quadratic forms, and Kronecker and Hadamard products. The book concludes with accessible treatments of advanced topics, such as linear iterative systems, convergence of matrices, more general vector spaces, linear transformations, and Hilbert spaces.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 6, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 38
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (240 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: A new but timeless strategy and mindset that should greatly help investors lower downside risk while achieving market outperformance In The 52-Week Low Formula: A Contrarian Strategy that Lowers Risk, Beats the Market, and Overcomes Human Emotion , wealth manager Luke L. Wiley, CFP examines the principles behind selecting the outstanding companies and great investment opportunities that are being overlooked. Along the way, Wiley offers a melding of the strategies used by such investment giants as Warren Buffett, Howard Marks, Michael Porter, Seth Klarman, and Pat Dorsey. His proven formula helps investors get the upper hand by identifying solid companies that are poised for growth but have fallen out of the spotlight. Shows you how to investigate companies and identify opportunities Includes detailed discussions of competitive advantage, purchase value, return on invested capital, and debt levels Presents several case studies to examine companies that have overcome obstacles by trading around their 52-week lows The 52-Week Low Formula is a must-read for investors and financial advisors who want to break through conventional strategies and avoid common mistakes.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed April 21, 2014)
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  • 39
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (208 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Do you ever wonder where you fit in? Do you sometimes get that feeling that you have something much bigger to offer the universe, but then it fills you with fear and anxiety, so you think maybe I'll just pay it safe? But what is safe? The factory job? The cubicle job? Factories all over have been converted to open spaces for startups. Skyscrapers have entire floors open for lease because the "same as everyone else" class of jobs have dried up. Many of us were raised to seek out a job that required us to fit in, to conform, to adapt until we fit the mold. The Freaks Shall Inherit The Earth is a guide for the kind of person who wouldn't normally pick up a business book. The personal business revolution is upon us. Here's your recipe book for starting your revolutionary business, including some of what you will learn: How to be as weird as you want while providing a viable business structure to support it What most people are missing from the basic frameworks of doing business How to turn passions into businesses How to build out the Digital Channel What Kickstarter and Square mean for the future of business) Take the plunge. Learn to fail and then win. Dare to do something that "everyone else" doesn't. The Freaks Shall Inherit the Earth will help. Bestselling author and successful entrepreneur Chris Brogan explains step-by-step how to build your business from the ground up, all without compromising the unique mindset and personal values that make you a freak in the first place.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed April 21, 2014)
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  • 40
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Pearson Education India | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (92 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Corporate Governance and Fraud Risk Management in India presents a thorough examination of corporate frauds in India focusing specifically on promoters, controlling share holders of companies and certain intermediaries. By examining the role of the macroeconomic environment that induces law-abiding citizens to indulge in violations of the law and by analysing the relationship between policy distortions and weak regulatory and enforcement mechanisms, this book emphasizes the need to shed the general atmosphere of cynicism in order to channel well-thought improvements that will strengthen and reinforce the laws and regulations governing corporate frauds in India. While this book will appeal to anyone interested in understanding the nature of corporate governance and fraud risk management in India, it will be especially useful to investigators, forensic auditors, prosecutors, lawyers and judges. Chapters one to ten detail the modus operandi of different kinds of corporate frauds. Chapters eleven and twelve will be useful for policy makers and economists interested in improving corporate governance in India. Bankers will find the analysis of different corporate frauds useful in refining their risk management strategies, specifically in relation to lending. Investors, chartered accountants and investigative journalists will also find this an interesting read.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed January 1, 2014)
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  • 41
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (576 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Design, code, and build amazing apps with Xcode 5 Thanks to Apple's awesome Xcode development environment, you can create the next big app for Macs, iPhones, iPads, or iPod touches. Xcode 5 contains gigabytes of great stuff to help you develop for both OS X and iOS devices - things like sample code, utilities, companion applications, documentation, and more. And with Xcode 5 Developer Reference, you now have the ultimate step-by-step guide to it all. Immerse yourself in the heady and lucrative world of Apple app development, see how to tame the latest features and functions, and find loads of smart tips and guidance with this practical book. Shows developers how to use Xcode 5 to create apps for OS X and the whole family of iOS devices, including the latest iPhones, iPads, and iPod touches Covers the Xcode rapid development environment in detail, including utilities, companion applications, and more Includes a companion website with sample code and other helpful files Written by an experienced developer and Apple-focused journalist with solid experience in teaching Apple development If you want to create killer Apple apps with Xcode 5, start with Xcode 5 Developer Reference!
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 5, 2014)
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  • 42
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Auerbach Publications | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (381 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: If you're an information security professional today, you are being forced to address growing cyber security threats and ever-evolving compliance requirements, while dealing with stagnant and decreasing budgets. The Frugal CISO: Using Innovation and Smart Approaches to Maximize Your Security Posture describes techniques you can immediately put to u
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed May 19, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 43
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Wiley | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (320 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: Find success in finance, friendships, and spirituality with the advice of a well-known expert It's safe to say that nearly everyone is seeking a happier, more successful life. So then why do so few attain it? Business Secrets from the Bible proposes a new way to view and approach success-one based upon key concepts from the Bible that are actually surprisingly simple. Written especially for those seeking success in the realms of money, relationships, and spirituality, this book encourages readers to realize their common mistakes, come to terms with them, and turn those mistakes into future triumphs. Filled with concrete advice for improved finances, spirituality, and connection, this resource takes a practical approach and aims to change not just the minds, but the actions of readers with a self-evident and persuasive pathway. Drawing on his wisdom and knowledge of the Bible, the author reveals the clear link between making money and spirituality, and urges readers to focus on self-discipline, integrity, and character strength in order to achieve personal prosperity. Special emphasis is given to establishing positive attitudes toward making money and adopting effective Biblically-based strategies. Demonstrates how earnings and profits are God's reward for forming relationships with others and serving them Stresses the importance of service, sharing, change, leadership, and creating boundaries and structures Encourages readers to focus on other people's desires and teaches why and how to make connections with many people Suggests ways for readers to transform themselves and continue toward success even in the face of fear and uncertainty Attaining wealth and well-being is no longer a mystery. Let this book identify and correct the errors that are keeping you from fulfillment and happiness.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed March 3, 2014)
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  • 44
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Diateino | Boston, MA : Safari
    Language: English , French
    Pages: 1 online resource (320 pages)
    Edition: 2nd edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local
    Abstract: How to transform your ideas into success.
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed June 20, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 45
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Woodhead Publishing | Boston, MA : Safari
    ISBN: 9781782420163
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (260 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    Keywords: Electronic books ; local ; Electronic books
    Abstract: The use of bioresorbable polymers in stents, fixation devices and tissue engineering is revolutionising medicine. Both industry and academic researchers are interested in using computer modelling to replace some experiments which are costly and time consuming. This book provides readers with a comprehensive review of modelling polymers and polymeric medical devices as an alternative to practical experiments. Chapters in part one provide readers with an overview of the fundamentals of biodegradation. Part two looks at a wide range of degradation theories for bioresorbable polymers and devices. The final set of chapters look at advances in modelling biodegradation of bioresorbable polymers. This book is an essential guide to those concerned with replacing tests and experiments with modelling. Provides a comprehensive mathematical framework for computer modelling of polymers and polymeric medical devices that can significantly reduce the number of experiments needed Reviews the fundamental methods of modelling degradation, and applies these to particular materials including amorphous bioresorbable polyesters, semicrystalline biodegradable polyesters, and composite materials made of biodegradable polyesters and triclcium phosphates
    Note: Online resource; Title from title page (viewed October 24, 2014) , Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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  • 46
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    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464802539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 47
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    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821399651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.96
    Keywords: Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education ; Education and state
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2014 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2014. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, book, and mobile app. The database covers more than 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary tables cover regional and income group aggregates
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2014 provides a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help users of all kinds—policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens—find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor and understand progress toward the two goals. Six themes are used to organize indicators—world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World view reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology
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  • 50
    ISBN: 9781464802881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: This publication briefly describes the processes and methodologies for building and sustaining multistakeholder coalition to drive reforms in the health sector. It is based on the experiences of three East African countries -- Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. It outlines, by chapter, each country's experience in identifying, mobilizing, and coalescing key stakeholders to address governance bottlenecks in pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain management. It highlights challenges, successes as well as lessons learned to guide other countries
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464803376
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Global Monitoring Report
    Abstract: The Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015: Ending Poverty and Sharing Prosperity was written jointly by the World Bank Group (WBG) and the International Monetary Fund, with substantive inputs from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. This year's report details, for the first time, progress toward the WBG's twin goals of ending extreme poverty by 2030 and promoting shared prosperity and assesses the state of policies and institutions that are important for achieving them. The report continues to monitor progress on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Also for the first time, the report includes information about high-income countries. It finds that while gaps in living standards have been closing in many countries, the well-being of households in the bottom 40 percent, as measured by the non-income MDGs such as access to education and health services, remains below that of households in the top 60 percent. The focus of this year's report is on three elements needed to make growth more inclusive and sustainable: investment in human capital that favors the poor, the best use of safety nets, and steps to ensure the environmental sustainability of economic growth. These three elements are imperative to all countries' development strategies, and are also fundamental to global efforts to achieve the twin goals, the MDGs, and the Sustainable Development Goals that will succeed the MDGs. Global Monitoring Report 2014/2015 was prepared in collaboration with regional development banks and other multilateral partners
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Nose, Manabu Triggers of Contract Breach
    Abstract: This paper constructs a large contract-level data set to examine factors that trigger breach of foreign investment contracts. Similar to the case of outright expropriation, political regime type is an important determinant of breach of contract. Furthermore, although investors' bargaining power becomes obsolete as contracts mature, contracts can be designed to mitigate the risk of breach of contract by involving multilateral organizations and creating buffers to absorb commodity price shocks. The paper examines the type of countries prone to contract breaches. After controlling for regional and sector fixed effects, less-democratic and resource-dependent governments are more likely to breach contracts, especially after large global shocks, notably natural disasters
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yoshida, Nobuo Is Extreme Poverty Going to End?
    Abstract: The World Bank has recently adopted a target of reducing the proportion of population living below US
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Miller, Margaret Can You Help Someone Become Financially Capable?
    Abstract: This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature on financial education interventions. The analysis focuses on financial education studies designed to strengthen the financial knowledge and behaviors of consumers. The analysis identifies 188 papers and articles that present impact results of interventions designed to increase consumers' financial knowledge (financial literacy) or skills, attitudes, and behaviors (financial capability). These papers are diverse across a number of dimensions, including objectives of the program intervention, expected outcomes, intensity and duration of the intervention, delivery channel used, and type of population targeted. However, there are a few key outcome indicators where a subset of papers are comparable, including those that address savings behavior, defaults on loans, and financial skills, such as record keeping. The results from the meta analysis indicate that financial literacy and capability interventions can have a positive impact in some areas (increasing savings and promoting financial skills such as record keeping) but not in others (credit default)
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi School Resource and Performance Inequality
    Abstract: This paper examines inequality patterns of school and teacher resources as well as student performance in the Philippines. School and teacher resources, measured by pupil classroom and teacher ratios and per-pupil teacher salary, became more unequal over time. Strikingly, a large portion of the variation is attributed to their within-division distributions, especially the non-city areas in each province (rural schools), where pupil classroom and teacher ratios have significantly positive returns in terms of student test scores. Concavity built into the education production function implies that reallocation of teachers and classrooms within a division can potentially increase average test scores. The estimates also imply that it is optimal to deploy young, inexperienced teachers to rural schools and reassign them to urban schools when the teachers are more experienced
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raggl, Anna K Economic Growth in Ghana
    Abstract: This paper employs a simple cross-country panel framework to assess the determinants of growth in Ghana's gross domestic product over the past four decades. A set of standard covariates is used to explain growth rates. Natural resource variables are included because the effects of natural resource rents in gross domestic products are of particular interest for Ghana. Using the preferred specification, Ghana's growth potential is predicted for the upcoming decades under different scenarios. The results indicate that under the most pessimistic scenario of no improvements in the determinants of growth compared with the period 2005-09, Ghana's gross domestic product per capita growth rates will stagnate at approximately 4.5 percent during the next decade and decrease thereafter. If the policy measures and country characteristics improve in the way they did in the past three decades, average per capita growth rates of roughly 5.5 percent could be reached during 2015-34. Taking into account the expected oil production until 2034 adds 0.6 percentage points to projected gross domestic product growth rates on average
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Badev, Anton Housing Finance across Countries
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on the depth and penetration of mortgage markets across countries. There is a large variation across both dimensions of mortgage market development, across countries, but also-in terms of depth-within countries. Mortgage markets seem to develop only at relatively high levels of gross domestic product per capita. Policies associated with financial system development are also associated with mortgage market development, including price stability and the efficiency of contractual and information frameworks. The development of the insurance sector and the stock market, sources of long-term funding, is strongly associated with mortgage market development, while government subsidies and support are not. A benchmarking exercise compares the actual values of mortgage market development to values predicted by structural country factors and shows a large variation across countries and over time in the gap between predicted and actual values, related to specific policies but also mortgage boom and bust cycles
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P Trade Policy Instruments over Time
    Abstract: This paper surveys political-economic research on the variety of instruments that governments use to conduct international trade policy. It presents key insights on the relationships between instruments such as tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and other nontariff barriers, as well as the ebb and flow of the national use of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards. The survey examines trends in use of these trade policy instruments over recent history; and it reviews the major theoretical and empirical explanations behind, and interrelationships between, their uses. Finally, the paper highlights potential institutional impacts of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and subsequent World Trade Organization (WTO) on choice of policy instruments, as well as how multilateral, unilateral, and preferential tariff liberalization may introduce political-economic shocks and affect incentives over time for how governments rely on different instruments
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Aguilar, Arturo Decomposition of Gender Differentials in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia
    Abstract: This paper employs decomposition methods to analyze differences in agricultural productivity between male and female land managers in Ethiopia. It employs data from the 2011-2012 Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey. An overall 23.4 percent gender differential in agricultural productivity is estimated at the mean in favor of male land managers, of which 10.1 percentage points are explained by differences in land manager characteristics, land attributes, and unequal access to resources (the endowment effect). The remaining 13.4 percentage points are explained by unequal returns to productive components, but cannot be easily tied to specific covariates. These results are mainly driven by non-married female managers (mainly single and divorced). Married female managers do not display such disadvantages. Further analysis along the productivity distribution reveals that gender differentials are more pronounced at mid-levels of productivity and that the share of the gender gap explained by the endowment effect declines as productivity increases. Detailed decomposition of estimates at selected points of the agricultural productivity distribution provides valuable information for policy intervention purposes
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Agénor, Pierre-Richard Access to Finance, Product Innovation and Middle-Income Traps
    Abstract: This paper studies interactions between access to finance, product innovation, and labor supply in a two-period overlapping generations model with an endogenous skill distribution and credit market frictions. In the model lack of access to finance (induced by high monitoring costs) has an adverse effect on innovation activity not only directly but also indirectly, because too few individuals may choose to invest in skills. If monitoring costs fall with the number of successful projects, multiple equilibria may emerge, one of which, a middle-income trap, characterized by low wages in the design sector, a low share of the labor force engaged in innovation activity, and low growth. A sufficiently ambitious policy aimed at alleviating constraints on access to finance by innovators may allow a country to move away from such a trap by promoting the production of ideas and improving incentives to invest in skills
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Is There a Farm-Size Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture?
    Abstract: Whether the negative relationship between farm size and productivity that is confirmed in a large global literature holds in Africa is of considerable policy relevance. This paper revisits this issue and examines potential causes of the inverse productivity relationship in Rwanda, where policy makers consider land fragmentation and small farm sizes to be key bottlenecks for the growth of the agricultural sector. Nationwide plot-level data from Rwanda point toward a constant returns to scale crop production function and a strong negative relationship between farm size and output per hectare as well as intensity of labor use that is robust across specifications. The inverse relationship continues to hold if profits with family labor valued at shadow wages are used, but disappears if family labor is rather valued at village-level market wage rates. These findings imply that, in Rwanda, labor market imperfections, rather than other unobserved factors, seem to be a key reason for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Avdeenko, Alexandra International Interventions to Build Social Capital
    Abstract: Over the past decade the international community, especially the World Bank, has conducted programs to increase local public service delivery in developing countries by improving local governing institutions and creating social capital. This paper evaluates one such program in Sudan to answer the question: Can the international community change the grassroots civic culture of developing countries to increase social capital? The paper offers three contributions. First, it uses lab-in-the-field measures to focus on the effects of the program on pro-social preferences without the confounding influence of any program- induced changes on local governing institutions. Second, it tests whether the program led to denser social networks in recipient communities. Based on these two measures, the effect of the program was a precisely estimated zero. However, in a retrospective survey, respondents from program communities characterized their behavior as being more pro-social and their communities more socially cohesive. This leads to a third contribution of the paper: it provides evidence for the hypothesis, stated by several scholars in the literature, that retrospective survey measures of social capital over biased evidence of a positive effect of these programs. Regardless of one's faith in retrospective self-reported survey measures, the results clearly point to zero impact of the program on pro-social preferences and social network density. Therefore, if the increase in self-reported behaviors is accurate, it must be because of social sanctions that enforce compliance with pro-social norms through mechanisms other than the social networks that were measured
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bua, Giovanna Domestic Public Debt in Low-Income Countries
    Abstract: This paper introduces a new data set on the stock and structure of domestic debt in 36 low-income countries over the period 1971-2011. It characterizes the recent trends regarding the do-mestic public debt of low-income countries and explores the relevance of different arguments put forward on the benefits and costs of government borrowing in local public debt markets. The main stylized fact emerging from the data is the increase in domestic government debt since 1996. It is also observed that poor countries have been able to increase the share of long-term in-struments over time and that maturity lengthening went together with a decrease in borrowing costs. However, the concentration of the investor base, mainly dominated by commercial banks and the central bank, may crowd out lending to the private sector
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Schady, Norbert Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries
    Keywords: 2003-2010 ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Bildungsertrag ; Sozialer Status ; Sprache ; Robustes Verfahren ; Lateinamerika
    Abstract: Research from the United States shows that gaps in early cognitive and noncognitive abilities appear early in the life cycle. Little is known about this important question for developing countries. This paper provides new evidence of sharp differences in cognitive development by socioeconomic status in early childhood for five Latin American countries. To help with comparability, the paper uses the same measure of receptive language ability for all five countries. It finds important differences in development in early childhood across countries, and steep socioeconomic gradients within every country. For the three countries where panel data to follow children over time exists, there are few substantive changes in scores once children enter school. These results are robust to different ways of defining socioeconomic status, to different ways of standardizing outcomes, and to selective non-response on the measure of cognitive development
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Electoral Accountability and Local Government Spending in Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper takes advantage of the exogenous phasing of direct elections in districts and applies the double-difference estimator to measure impacts on (i) human development outcomes and (ii) the pattern of public spending and revenue generation at the district level. The analysis reveals that four years after the switch to direct elections, there have been no significant effects on human development outcomes. However, the estimates of the impact of Pilkada on health expenditures at the district level suggest that directly elected district officials may have become more responsive to local needs at least in the area of health. The composition of district expenditures changes considerably during the year and sometimes the year before the elections, shifting toward expenditure categories that allow incumbent district heads running as candidates in the direct elections to "buy" voter support. Electoral reforms did not lead to higher revenue generation from own sources and had no effect on the budget surplus of districts with directly elected heads
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Feyen, Erik The Impact of Funding Models and Foreign Bank Ownership on Bank Credit Growth
    Abstract: This paper provides new evidence on the factors affecting protracted credit contraction in the wake of the global financial crisis. The paper applies panel vector autoregressions to a global panel that consists of quarterly data for 41 countries for the period 2000-2011 and documents that domestic private credit growth is highly sensitive to cross-border funding shocks around the world. This relationship is significantly stronger in Central and Eastern Europe, a region with considerably stronger foreign presence, higher cross-border funding, and elevated loan-to-deposit ratios compared with the rest of the world. The paper shows that high foreign ownership per se does not appear to explain credit response differences to foreign funding shocks. Rather, there is a stronger response in countries that exhibit high loan-to-deposit ratios and a high reliance on foreign funding relative to local deposits. The results suggest that funding model differences were at the heart of the post-crisis credit contraction in several Central and Eastern European countries. These findings have important regulatory and supervisory implications for emerging countries in Central and Eastern Europe as well as for other countries
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi Wage Growth, Landholding, and Mechanization in Agriculture
    Abstract: This paper uses farm panel data from Indonesia to examine dynamic patterns of land use, capital investments, and wages in agriculture. The empirical analysis shows that an increase in real wages has induced the substitution of labor by machines among relatively large farmers. Large farmers tend to increase the scale of operation by renting in more land when real wages increase. Machines and land are complementary if the scale of operation is greater than a threshold size. In contrast, such a dynamic change was not observed among relatively small holders, which implies a divergence in the movement of the production frontier between Java and off-Java regions given that the majority of small farmers are concentrated in Java
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Halliday, Katherine E Impact of Intermittent Screening and Treatment for Malaria among School Children in Kenya
    Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of intermittent screening and treatment of malaria on the health and education of school children in an area of low-to-moderate malaria transmission. A cluster randomized trial was implemented with 5,233 children in 101 government primary schools on the south coast of Kenya in 2010-12. The intervention was delivered to children randomly selected from classes 1 and 5 who were followed up twice across 24 months. Once during each school term, public health workers used malaria rapid diagnostic tests to screen the children. Children who tested positive were treated with a six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine. Given the nature of the intervention, the trial was not blinded. The primary outcomes were anemia and sustained attention and the secondary outcomes were malaria parasitaemia and educational achievement. The data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Anemia in this setting in Kenya, intermittent screening and treatment, as implemented in this study, is not effective in improving the health or education of school children. Possible reasons for the absence of an impact are the marked geographical heterogeneity in transmission, the rapid rate of reinfection following artemether-lumefantrine treatment, the variable reliability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and the relative contribution of malaria to the etiology of anemia in this setting
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cordella, Tito Reserve Requirements in the Brave New Macroprudential World
    Abstract: Using a new, large data set on quarterly reserve requirements for the period 1970-2011, this paper provides new evidence on the use of reserve requirements as a countercyclical macroprudential tool in developing countries. The appeal of reserve requirements lies in the pro-cyclical behavior of the exchange rate over the business cycle in developing countries. This enormously complicates the use of interest rates as a countercyclical instrument (because of its effect on the exchange rate) and calls for a second instrument. The paper suggests that conflicts may arise between the microprudential and macroprudential policy stances
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chan, Rosanna Financial Constraints, Working Capital and the Dynamic Behavior of the Firm
    Abstract: Financial constraints are widespread in developing countries, where even short-term credit is limited. Finance held by firms as working capital is a substantial proportion of sales revenue, yet the role of working capital is largely neglected by existing models of financial constraints. This paper presents a dynamic model of the firm that incorporates working capital by introducing a delay between factor payments and the receipt of revenue. In contrast with previous models, the working capital model predicts that firms under binding constraints will substitute between labor and capital in response to demand shocks, causing investment to be countercyclical. For firms near the margin of being constrained, constraints bind when positive production opportunities arise. Output growth is therefore constrained in response to positive shocks but not to negative shocks. Simulations suggest that models without working capital may understate the predicted effects of financial constraints on production efficiency, firm profit and growth over time. The predictions are tested with the Bangladesh Panel Survey data for manufacturing firms. Consistent with the theory, there is evidence that constraints bind when output price increases, that investment by constrained firms is countercyclical, and that output response to positive shocks is dampened for firms that are sometimes constrained. The results also are important for policy. In order to maximize growth, efforts to relieve credit constraints should be focused on periods when demand shocks are high
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Pitt, Mark M Re-Re-Reply to "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence
    Abstract: "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence," by David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch (2014) (henceforth RM) is the most recent of a sequence of papers and web postings that seeks to refute the findings of the Pitt and Khandker (1998; henceforth PK) article "The Impact of Group-Based Credit on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter?" that microcredit for women had significant, favorable effects on household consumption and other outcomes. In this version of RM, the authors have backed off many of their prior claims and methods after earlier replies noted their faults (see Pitt (1999), Pitt (2011a), Pitt (2011b), and Pitt and Khandker (2012)). Nonetheless, important claims against PK remain in this new version of RM and are addressed below. Readers should refer to Pitt and Khandker (2012) for a discussion of other issues with RM, including a discussion of the bimodal likelihood
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lopez-Claros, Augusto Fiscal Challenges after the Global Financial Crisis
    Abstract: The global financial crisis and the response to it have contributed to a sharp increase in public indebtedness in a large number of countries. While there have been episodes of high debt in the past, there are a number of long-term challenges today that are likely to complicate the implementation of sustainable fiscal policies in the coming years. Population aging and climate change are factors that are likely to contribute to rising fiscal pressures and the crisis has highlighted the risks and vulnerabilities stemming from reduced fiscal space. This paper argues that heightened fiscal challenges can only be dealt with successfully by adopting a long-term fiscal planning horizon. The paper analyzes a range of available policy tools that countries have used in the past to improve fiscal management. Particular attention is paid to the role of rules-based policies, improvements in the budget process, better accounting of long-term liabilities in the government budget, the deleterious effects of unproductive expenditures, and the painful trade-offs created by the crisis and the toolkit at hand to address them
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Vogt-Schilb, Adrien Long-Term Mitigation Strategies and Marginal Abatement Cost Curves
    Abstract: Decision makers facing abatement targets need to decide which abatement measures to implement, and in which order. This paper investigates the ability of marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves to inform this decision, reanalysing a MAC curve developed by the World Bank on Brazil. Misinterpreting MAC curves and focusing on short-term targets (e.g., for 2020) would lead to under-invest in expensive, long-to-implement and large-potential options, such as clean transportation infrastructure. Meeting short-term targets with marginal energy-efficiency improvements would lead to carbon-intensive lock-ins that make longer-term targets (e.g., for 2030 and beyond) impossible or too expensive to reach. Improvements to existing MAC curves are proposed, based on (1) enhanced data collection and reporting; (2) a simple optimization tool that accounts for constraints on implementation speeds; and (3) new graphical representations of MAC curves. Designing climate mitigation policies can be done through a pragmatic combination of two approaches. The synergy approach is based on MAC curves to identify the cheapest mitigation options and maximize co-benefits. The urgency approach considers the long-term objective (e.g., halving emissions by 2050) and works backward to identify actions that need to be implemented early, such as public support to clean infrastructure and zero-carbon technologies
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bettin, Giulia Remittances and Vulnerability in Developing Countries
    Keywords: 2005 - 2011 ; Rücküberweisungen ; Schock ; Konjunktur ; Gravitationsmodell ; Italien ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This paper examines how international remittances are affected by structural characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and adverse shocks in both source and recipient economies. The paper exploits a novel, rich panel data set, covering bilateral remittances from 103 Italian provinces to 87 developing countries over the period 2005-2011. Remittances are negatively correlated with the business cycle in recipient countries and increase especially strongly in response to adverse exogenous shocks, such as natural disasters or large terms-of-trade declines. Financial development in the source economy, which eases access to financial services for migrants and reduces transaction costs, is positively associated with remittances. Conversely, recipient-country financial development is negatively associated with remittances, suggesting that remittances help alleviate credit constraints
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Burns, Andrew Unconventional Monetary Policy Normalization in High-Income Countries
    Abstract: As the recovery in high-income countries firms amid a gradual withdrawal of extraordinary monetary stimulus, developing countries can expect stronger demand for their exports as global trade regains momentum, but also rising interest rates and potentially weaker capital inflows. This paper assesses the implications of a normalization of policy and activity in high-income countries for financial flows and crisis risks in developing countries. In the most likely scenario, a relatively orderly process of normalization would imply a slowdown in capital inflows amounting to 0.6 percent of developing-country GDP between 2013 and 2016, driven in particular by weaker portfolio investments. However, the risk of more abrupt adjustments remains significant, especially if increased market volatility accompanies the unwinding of unprecedented central bank interventions. According to simulations, abrupt changes in market expectations, resulting in global bond yields increasing by 100 to 200 basis points within a couple of quarters, could lead to a sharp reduction in capital inflows to developing countries by between 50 and 80 percent for several months. Evidence from past banking crises suggests that countries having seen a substantial expansion of domestic credit over the past five years, deteriorating current account balances, high levels of foreign and short-term debt, and over-valued exchange rates could be more at risk in current circumstances. Countries with adequate policy buffers and investor confidence may be able to rely on market mechanisms and countercyclical macroeconomic and prudential policies to deal with a retrenchment of foreign capital. In other cases, where the scope for maneuver is more limited, countries may be forced to tighten fiscal and monetary policy to reduce financing needs and attract additional inflows
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kraay, Aart Do Poverty Traps Exist?
    Abstract: This paper reviews the empirical evidence on the existence of poverty traps, understood as self-reinforcing mechanisms through which poor individuals or countries remain poor. Poverty traps have captured the interest of many development policy makers, because poverty traps provide a theoretically coherent explanation for persistent poverty. They also suggest that temporary policy interventions may have long-term effects on poverty. However, a review of the reduced-form empirical evidence suggests that truly stagnant incomes of the sort predicted by standard models of poverty traps are in fact quite rare. Moreover, the empirical evidence regarding several canonical mechanisms underlying models of poverty traps is mixed
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: de Nicola, Francesca Co-Movement of Major Commodity Price Returns
    Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the degree of co-movement among the nominal price returns of 11 major energy, agricultural and food commodities based on monthly data between 1970 and 2013. A uniform-spacings testing approach, a multivariate dynamic conditional correlation model and a rolling regression procedure are used to study the extent and the time-evolution of unconditional and conditional correlations. The results indicate that (i) the price returns of energy and agricultural commodities are highly correlated; (ii) the overall level of co-movement among commodities increased in recent years, especially between energy and agricultural commodities and in particular in the cases of maize and soybean oil, which are important inputs in the production of biofuels; and (iii) particularly after 2007, stock market volatility is positively associated with the co-movement of price returns across markets
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Luo, Xubei What Drives the Volatility of Firm Level Productivity in China?
    Abstract: The enterprise reforms of the 1990s profoundly changed the structure of the economy in China. With the deepening of market economy, the share of the state-owned and collective enterprises declined. Expansion and contraction, as well as establishment and closure, of firms became a common phenomenon. The level and volatility of firm productivity have become increasingly important aspects of the micro performance of the economy. This paper uses a firm-level data set collected annually by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in 1998-2007 to examine the role of different firm characteristics in productivity volatility. The paper measures productivity volatility at the firm level as the standard deviation of the annual growth rate of productivity. The main objectives are twofold: first, it examines the variation of productivity volatility across firms of different characteristics and their evolution over time; second, it investigates the sources of productivity volatility at the firm level in China. The results suggest that in general, productivity volatility at the firm level has declined over time in China. Among firms with different characteristics, large firms, old firms, foreign firms, and firms located in the coastal provinces are less volatile. Firm size and location are the two major factors that drive changes in productivity volatility, one in a positive way and one in a negative way. Although the gaps of volatility between smaller firms and larger firms declined, the gaps between firms located in the coastal provinces and inland provinces increased
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Basu, Kaushik Fiscal Policy as an Instrument of Investment and Growth
    Abstract: This paper investigates the role of fiscal guarantees in promoting infrastructure investment. Infrastructure is a critical driver of economic growth, but infrastructure entails significant up-front costs that yield benefits after a time lag. Investors hesitate to put their money down on private infrastructure ventures because of the long lag and governments do not give guarantees for reasons of fiscal prudence. The paper argues that governments and large investment guarantee agencies can in many situations give suitably-calibrated guarantees to private projects by exploiting the fact that a guarantee on one project can reduce the risk of another one failing. The paper works out the architecture of such guarantees, which can be fiscally prudent and yet boost investment, especially in infrastructure, and thereby promote growth
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Doemeland, Doerte Which World Bank Reports are Widely Read?
    Abstract: Knowledge is central to development. The World Bank invests about one-quarter of its budget for country services in knowledge products. Still, there is little research about the demand for these knowledge products and how internal knowledge flows affect their demand. About 49 percent of the World Bank's policy reports, which are published Economic and Sector Work or Technical Assistance reports, have the stated objective of informing the public debate or influencing the development community. This study uses information on downloads and citations to assesses whether policy reports meet this objective. About 13 percent of policy reports were downloaded at least 250 times while more than 31 percent of policy reports are never downloaded. Almost 87 percent of policy reports were never cited. More expensive, complex, multi-sector, core diagnostics reports on middle-income countries with larger populations tend to be downloaded more frequently. Multi-sector reports also tend to be cited more frequently. Internal knowledge sharing matters as cross support provided by the World Bank's Research Department consistently increases downloads and citations
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gajwani, Kiran Gender and Public Goods Provision in Tamil Nadu's Village Governments
    Abstract: Using data from 144 village-level governments in India's Tamil Nadu state, this paper investigates political reservations for women and whether the gender of village government leaders influences the provision of village public goods. A knowledge test of village government presidents and a survey about the interaction between village presidents and higher-level officials reveal that female village government presidents have much lower knowledge of the village government system than do their male counterparts and have significantly less contact with higher-level government officials. Although male and female presidents provide similar amounts of some public goods, there is strong evidence that village governments led by a woman built fewer schools and roads-two public goods that require relatively more contact and coordination with higher-level officials
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Olinto, Pedro Accelerating Poverty Reduction in a Less Poor World
    Abstract: This paper re-examines the roles of changes in income and inequality in poverty reduction. The study provides estimates of the relative effects of inequality reduction versus growth promotion in reducing poverty for countries with different levels of initial poverty. The analysis uses country panel-data for 1980-2010. The results indicate that, as countries become less poor, inequality-reducing policies are likely to become relatively more effective for poverty reduction than growth-promoting policies. The results indicate that the growth elasticity of poverty reduction either increases or remains constant with the level of initial poverty. Nevertheless, the results also strongly indicate that, as poverty declines, the inequality elasticity of poverty reduction increases faster. Therefore, if the marginal cost of reducing inequality relative to the marginal cost of increasing growth does not increase with lower poverty levels, to accelerate poverty reduction, greater emphasis should be given to equity rather than growth as countries attain higher levels of development
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cunningham, Wendy Employer Voices, Employer Demands, and Implications for Public Skills Development Policy
    Abstract: Educators believe that they are adequately preparing youth for the labor market while employers lament the lack of skills. A possible source of the mismatch in perceptions is that employers and educators have different understandings of the types of skills valued in the labor market. This paper uses economics and psychology literature to define four skills sets: socio-emotional, higher-order cognitive, basic cognitive, and technical skills. The paper reviews the literature that quantitatively measures employer skill demand, as reported in preference surveys. A sample of 28 studies reveals remarkable consistency across the world in the skills demanded by employers. Although employers value all skill sets, there is a greater demand for socio-emotional and higher-order cognitive skills than for basic cognitive or technical skills. These results are robust across economy size and level of development, sector, export-orientation, and occupations. Employers perceive that the greatest skills gaps are in socio-emotional and technical skills. These findings suggest the need to re-conceptualize education and training systems. Taking into consideration the developmental process to acquire the skills identified by employers, this implies the need to recognize that (a) the job-skills development process necessarily begins at birth and continues throughout the life cycle so skills policy should, as well; (b) schools play a relevant, but limited, role in skills development and the role of parents, mentors, and the work place must be defined and enhanced; and (c) the skills most demanded by employers-higher-order cognitive and socio-emotional skills-are largely taught (the former) or refined in secondary school, which argues for a general education until these skills are formed
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (41 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lederman, Daniel The Price is Not Always Right
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the impact of once-and-for-all changes in commodity prices and other prices on household welfare. It begins with a collection of stylized facts related to commodities based on household survey data from Latin America and Africa. The data uncover strong commodity dependence in both continents: households typically allocate a large fraction of their budget to commodities and they often depend on commodities to earn their income. This income and expenditure dependency suggests sizable impacts and adjustments following commodity-price shocks. The paper explores these effects with a review of the literature. It studies consumption and income responses, labor-market responses, and spillovers across sectors. It ends up providing evidence on the relative magnitudes of various mechanisms through which commodity prices affect household (and national) welfare in developing economies
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cho, Yoonyoung Sub-Saharan Africa's Recent Growth Spurt
    Abstract: Since the mid-1990s, Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced unprecedented levels of high economic growth. A key question follows: What accounts for the turnaround of the growth performance in the mid-1990s? The answer can provide insight into whether the recent growth spurt in Sub-Saharan Africa is merely temporary or the beginning of a sustainable takeoff. This paper examines the sources of growth of 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in a growth accounting framework. The findings suggest that the recent growth spurt is largely associated with an increase in the share of working-age population, capital accumulation, and total factor productivity, unlike previous periods. Resources play a role by attracting capital inflows, particularly from foreign direct investment and shifting labor away from agriculture. However, the growth prospects for Sub-Saharan Africa seem promising beyond resources, with steady progress in decreased fertility, increased foreign direct investment, political stability, and structural transformation
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Rijkers, Bob All in the Family
    Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between regulation and the business interests of President Ben Ali and his family, using firm-level data from Tunisia for 1994-2010. Data on investment regulations are merged with balance sheet and firm-level census data in which 220 firms owned by the Ben Ali family are identified. These connected firms outperform their competitors in terms of employment, output, market share, profits, and growth and sectors in which they are active are disproportionately subject to authorization requirements and restriction on foreign direct investment. Consistent with theories of capture, performance differences between connected firms and their peers are significantly larger in highly regulated sectors. In addition, the introduction of new foreign direct investment restrictions and authorization requirements in narrowly defined five-digit sectors is correlated with the presence of connected firms and with their startup, suggesting that regulation is endogenous to state capture. The evidence implies that Tunisia's industrial policy was used as a vehicle for rent creation for the president and his family
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Fuller, Brandon Urbanization as Opportunity
    Abstract: Urbanization deserves urgent attention from policy makers, academics, entrepreneurs, and social reformers of all stripes. Nothing else will create as many opportunities for social and economic progress. The urbanization project began roughly 1,000 years after the transition from the Pleistocene to the milder and more stable Holocene interglacial. In 2010, the urban population in developing countries stood at 2.5 billion. The developing world can accommodate the urban population growth and declining urban density in many ways. The most important citywide projects-successes like New York and Shenzhen-show even more clearly how influential human intention can be. The developing world can accommodate the urban population growth and declining urban density in many ways. One is to have a threefold increase in the average population of its existing cities and a six fold increase in their average built-out area. Another, which will leave the built-out area of existing cities unchanged, will be to develop 625 new cities of 10 million people-500 new cities to accommodate the net increase in the urban population and another 125 to accommodate the 1.25 billion people who will have to leave existing cities as average density falls by half
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Keith, Michael The Great Migration
    Abstract: The great 21st-century migration into cities will present both a great challenge for humanity and a significant opportunity for global economic growth. This paper describes the diverse patterns that define this metropolitan migration. It then lays out a framework for understanding the costs and benefits of new arrivals through migration's externalities and the challenges and policy tradeoffs that confront city stakeholders. The paper concludes by suggesting ways municipalities, by optimizing flexibility, can make migration more productive and less destructive in shaping the ‘good city’ and the ‘smart city.’ There are few paths to global economic growth that do not run through cities, and even fewer that do not depend on growing the city in population size, scale, and economic exchange. Historically, cities have grown by concentrating the economic advantages of number and density, the social potential of innovation, and the cultural possibilities of newness. By bringing together the factors of production, land, labor, capital, and enterprise, in ever more recombinant forms, cities offer the possibility of securing new economic advantages and scaling them up
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Moretti, Enrico Are Cities the New Growth Escalator?
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Kommunalverwaltung ; Stadt ; Entwicklung ; Agglomerationseffekt
    Abstract: Urban areas tend to have much more productive labor and higher salaries than rural areas, and there are vast differences across urban areas. Areas with high salaries and high productivity tend to have employers that invest in much more research and development than areas with low salaries and low productivity. This paper addresses two questions. First, it discusses the causes of these vast geographical differences in wages, human capital, and innovation. The second part of the paper discusses regional economic development policies. The European Union has an even more ambitious program transferring its development funds to regions with below average incomes. Asian countries, especially China, have a variety of special economic zones, designed to attract foreign investment to specific areas. Such regional development policies, often called place-based economic policies, are effectively a form of welfare, targeting cities or regions, not individuals. While such policies are widespread, the economic logic behind them is rarely discussed and even less frequently understood. This paper clarifies when these policies are wasteful, when they are efficient, and who the expected winners and losers are. Understanding when government intervention makes sense and when it does not is a crucial first step in setting sound economic development policies. Local governments can certainly lay a foundation for economic development and create all the conditions necessary for a city's rebirth, including a business climate friendly to job creation
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Giné, Xavier Financial (Dis-)Information
    Abstract: An audit study was conducted in peri-urban Mexico to understand the quality of information and products offered to low-income potential customers. Trained auditors visited multiple financial institutions seeking credit and savings products. Consistent with Gabaix and Laibson (2006), staff voluntarily provides little information about avoidable fees, especially to auditors trained to reveal little knowledge about the market. In addition, clients are almost never offered the cheapest product, most likely because staff is incentivized to offer more expensive products that are thus more profitable to the institution. This suggests that disclosure and transparency policies may be ineffective if they undermine the commercial interest of financial institutions
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Das, Ashis Strengthening Malaria Service Delivery through Supportive Supervision and Community Mobilization in an Endemic Indian Setting
    Abstract: Malaria continues to be a prominent global public health challenge, in part because of the slow population adoption of recommended preventive and curative behaviors. This paper tests the effectiveness of two service delivery models designed to promote recommended behaviors, including prompt treatment seeking for febrile illness, in Odisha India. The tested modules include supportive supervision of community health workers and community mobilization promoting appropriate health seeking. Program effects were identified through a randomized cluster trial comprising 120 villages from two purposively chosen malaria-endemic districts. Significant improvements were measured in the reported utilization of bed nets in both intervention arms vis-à-vis the control. Although overall rates of treatment seeking were equal across the study arms, treatment seeking from community health workers was higher in both intervention arms and care seeking from trained providers also increased with a substitution away from untrained providers. Further, fever cases in both treatments were more likely to have received timely medical treatment (within 24 hours) from a skilled provider. The study arm with supportive supervision was particularly effective in shifting care seeking to community health workers and ensuring prompt diagnosis and treatment. A community-based intervention combining the supportive supervision of community health workers with intensive community mobilization can be effective in shifting care seeking and increasing preventive behavior, and thus may be used to strengthen the national malaria control program
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Kaminski, Jonathan The End of Seasonality?
    Abstract: This paper revisits the extent of seasonality in African livelihoods, which has disappeared from Africa's development debate. Through econometric analysis of monthly food price series across 100 locations in three countries during 2000-12, it is shown that seasonal movements in maize wholesale prices explain 20 (Tanzania, Uganda) to 40 (Malawi) percent of their monthly volatility. Monthly maize peak prices are on average 30 (Tanzania, Uganda) to 50 (Malawi) percent higher than their monthly troughs and two to three times higher than the seasonal gaps observed for white maize at the South African Futures Exchange. Furthermore, household food consumption is found to inversely track food prices in each country, decreasing when staple prices increase and increasing when they decline. Clearly, (excess) seasonality in African food markets and consumption persists, necessitating policy attention
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ahmed, Faizuddin Hybrid Survey to Improve the Reliability of Poverty Statistics in a Cost-Effective Manner
    Abstract: This paper studies the benefits, in terms of reliability and frequency of poverty statistics, of conducting a hybrid survey that collects non-consumption data from all surveyed households and consumption data from only a small subsample. Collecting detailed consumption or income data for the purpose of estimating poverty is costly and many low-income countries cannot afford to carry out such surveys on a regular basis. One option is to collect only non-consumption data and use consumption models developed from a previous round of household survey data to project poverty data. Although this approach is cost-effective because collection of non-consumption data is much cheaper than collection of consumption data, it is vulnerable to a structural change between the current and previous household surveys and might produce poverty estimates that are not comparable with the previous ones. Instead, the hybrid approach creates consumption models from a subsample of the current survey and applies them to the entire survey to project consumption data for all households in the sample. This paper examines the hybrid approach with data from the Bangladesh Household Income Expenditure Surveys of 2000 and 2005. Improvements in accuracy are achieved even with subsamples of just 320 or 640 households. Budget simulations confirm that the additional cost of collecting consumption data for such small subsamples is minimal
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Islam, Asif Do Government Private Subsidies Crowd Out Entrepreneurship?
    Abstract: Although several studies have found a negative relationship between government spending and entrepreneurship, much debate remains regarding the components of government spending responsible for this association. This paper contributes to the literature by specifically exploring the relationship between government private subsidies and entrepreneurship. By combining macroeconomic government spending data with individual level entrepreneurship data, the paper finds a negative association between the share of private subsidies and entrepreneurship. However, findings are less straightforward when the analysis delves deeper into the components of private subsidies and their association with different kinds of entrepreneurship
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Nguyen, Ha Institutions and Firms' Return to Innovation
    Abstract: This paper poses a question: do firms in developing countries not innovate because they are unwilling to? The question moves away from the conventional focus on the obstacles (such as the lack of access to finance) that hinder firms' innovation ability. The World Bank's Enterprise Survey is used first to estimate the return to firms' innovation across many developing countries, in terms of sales and sales per worker. Then the return to innovation is compared across countries with different levels of institutional quality. In countries with lower institutional quality (specifically, rule of law, regulatory quality, property and patent right protection), the return to firms' innovation is lower. This suggests that poor institutional environment lowers firms' return to innovation and hence discourages them from investing in researching and adopting new products
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (65 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Opazo, Luis Institutional Investors and Long-Term Investment
    Abstract: Developing countries are trying to develop long-term financial markets and institutional investors are expected to play a key role. This paper uses unique evidence on the universe of institutional investors from the leading case of Chile to study to what extent mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance companies hold and bid for long-term instruments, and which factors affect their choices. The paper uses monthly asset-level portfolios to show that, despite the expectations, mutual and pension funds invest mostly in short-term assets relative to insurance companies. The significant difference across maturity structures is not driven by the supply side of debt or tactical behavior. Instead, it seems to be explained by manager incentives (related to short-run monitoring and the liability structure) that, combined with risk factors, tilt portfolios toward short-term instruments, even when long-term investing yields higher returns. Thus, the expansion of large institutional investors does not necessarily imply longer-term markets
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (57 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Steinbuks, Jevgenijs Assessing Energy Price Induced Improvements in Efficiency of Capital in OECD Manufacturing Industries
    Abstract: To assess how capital stocks adapt to energy price changes, it is necessary to account for the impacts on different vintages of capital and to account separately for price-induced and autonomous improvements in the energy efficiency of capital stock. The results of econometric analysis for five manufacturing industries in 19 OECD countries between 1990 and 2005 indicate that higher energy prices resulted in smaller energy use due to both improved energy efficiency of capital stock and reduced demand for the energy input. The investment response to energy prices varied considerably across manufacturing industries, being more significant in energy-intensive sectors. The results of policy simulations indicate that a carbon tax can deliver significant reductions in energy consumption in the medium run with modest declines in energy-using capital stock
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Basu, Karna Asymmetric Punishment as an Instrument of Corruption Control
    Keywords: Korruption ; Strafrecht ; Whistleblowing ; Nash-Gleichgewicht ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: The control of bribery is a policy objective in many developing countries. It has been argued that asymmetric punishments could reduce bribery by incentivizing whistle-blowing. This paper investigates the role played by asymmetric punishment in a setting where bribe size is determined by Nash bargaining, detection is costly, and detection rates are set endogenously. First, when detection rates are fixed, the symmetry properties of punishment are irrelevant to bribery. Bribery disappears if expected penalties are sufficiently high; otherwise, bribe sizes rise as expected penalties rise. Second, when detection rates are determined by the bribe-giver, a switch from symmetric to asymmetric punishment either eliminates bribery or allows it to persist with larger bribe sizes. Furthermore, when bribery persists, multiple bribe sizes could survive in equilibrium. The paper derives parameter values under which each of these outcomes occurs and discusses how these could be interpreted in the context of existing institutions
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Enamorado, Ted Income Inequality and Violent Crime
    Abstract: The relationship between income inequality and crime has attracted the interest of many researchers, but little convincing evidence exists on the causal effect of inequality on crime in developing countries. This paper estimates this effect in a unique context: Mexico's Drug War. The analysis takes advantage of a unique data set containing inequality and crime statistics for more than 2,000 Mexican municipalities covering a period of 20 years. Using an instrumental variable for inequality that tackles problems of reverse causality and omitted variable bias, this paper finds that an increment of one point in the Gini coefficient translates into an increase of more than 10 drug-related homicides per 100,000 inhabitants between 2006 and 2010. There are no significant effects before 2005. The fact that the effect was found during Mexico's Drug War and not before is likely because the cost of crime decreased with the proliferation of gangs (facilitating access to knowledge and logistics, lowering the marginal cost of criminal behavior), which, combined with rising inequality, increased the expected net benefit from criminal acts after 2005
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Parandekar, Suhas D Benchmarking Public Policy
    Abstract: This working paper presents a benchmarking analysis of School Based Management (SBM) using empirical data from the Philippines. School based management is widely used as a policy tool in many countries that seek to improve the quality of service delivery through decentralization. School based management typically takes many years to have an impact on educational outcomes, but policy makers need to know sooner how well the policy is being implemented. The paper extends the well-known Rasch methodology from the literature on student achievement, including the Programme for International Student Assessment, to the measurement of the implementation of school based management by computing a Rasch measure of the implementation of school based management. To test whether the resulting benchmarked measure is plausible and has practical policy value, the measure is tested for correlations with standardized measures of personality and political skills of school principals, developed in the psychology and political science literatures. The paper will be useful for readers interested in studying school based management as well as those interested more generally in the methodology of benchmarking implementation of public policy where the ultimate results are subject to long implementation periods. The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to enhance the rigor of the ongoing Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER) exercise to benchmark educational policies in various domains. That exercise is set to become one of the flagship policy analytical tools being developed by the World Bank and partner agencies
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