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  • Online Resource  (170)
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  • 1995-1999  (170)
  • Education  (170)
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  • Online Resource  (170)
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  • Book  (65)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264173422
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Employment
    Abstract: Young people's situation and future prospects are of vital concern to us all. Many of them face high unemployment or joblessness and serious difficulties in getting a firm foothold into the labour market. Many leave school without the requisite skills or competences needed in today’s economy and society. Many are also experiencing falling relative (and sometimes real) wages and considerable uncertainty as to whether or not they will be able to settle into good careers. But at the same time, our ageing societies need, more than ever before, to harness the potential of all of our young people. This publication points the way to future initiatives to improve youth labour market and educational outcomes as identified by policy-makers and experts of OECD countries brought together at the Washington Conference "Preparing Youth for the 21st Century: The Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades", held on 23-24 February 1999. To give the most comprehensive picture to date, it first puts today's challenges into a historical perspective by taking stock of two decades of policies for youth employment. But more substantially, this book provides insight into experiences and policy issues in the United States, as well as in Europe and Japan, with a stress on the special needs of disadvantaged youth. All of us interested in making sure we give youth a good start in education and in establishing rewarding labour market careers will find this compendium a milestone in youth employment debate.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264174085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (72 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion stratégique des biens en capital des établissements d'enseignement supérieur
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Universities and other tertiary institutions maintain buildings, sites and communications infrastructure worth many millions of dollars. A more strategic approach to asset management is essential for success in a new environment, where tertiary education is becoming increasingly competitive, direct public funding is being cut back and technology and globalisation are bringing new challenges. What impact will new information technology have on space requirements? What steps can institutional managers take to manage risks in rapidly-changing circumstances? In what ways is the role of facilities managers changing, and what skills and tools will be required for them to do their job more effectively in the future? This book provides some answers to these questions and shows how the resources invested in facilities can be made to work more efficiently in the pursuit of institutional objectives. It is based on the proceedings of an international workshop that examined current trends in tertiary education policy: a more open market, student-centredness and user choice, lifelong learning and the blurring of sectoral differences.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173606
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (92 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Hungary
    Abstract: Lifelong Learning for All, the report emerging from the meeting of OECD Education Ministers signals their own commitment to advancing further this orientation in national education systems. Subsequent meetings of Labour and Social Affairs Ministers endorsed the relevance of a lifelong learning approach to address important aspects of labour and social policy issues. This report is the first country study organised in the form of an education policy review. It analyses the obstacles and challenges encountered thus far in adapting a lifelong learning approach to policy making in education and training from pre-school to adult education and retraining. Particular attention is given to education and the economy, regional development, new forms of distance education and financing.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Un collège innovant à Torcy, France
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: The Torcy Junior High School is located on the outskirts of the new town of Marne la Vallée in the Paris suburbs, between a motorway and a stretch of ordinary countryside on a site overlooking a small lake. Special attention was paid to its geographic setting and to the various aspects of its environment, from its integration into the surrounding landscape to the design of its interior space. This awareness of the school’s environment is matched by the high quality of the construction and careful attention to details.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'attribution du prix de la construction scolaire aux Pays-Bas
    Keywords: Education ; Netherlands
    Abstract: The School Building Prize has been awarded every two years since 1992 to Dutch school boards that have proved able to embrace new directions in school building design while keeping within their available budget. The Prize, which has drawn acclaim for the development of high quality educational architecture in the Netherlands, provides publicity for successful projects so that other schools can benefit from the designs and information. The 1998 School Building Prize was awarded to the British School in The Hague, an elementary and junior secondary school.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/17
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Utilisation de l'espace : Et si nous changions de pédagogie ?
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A Sydney University, Australia, case study by John Simmons, Facilities Management Office, University of Sydney, and Kenn Fisher, Woods Bagot Architects, Australia.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264173361
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualité et internationalisation de l'enseignement supérieur
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: For many universities and other higher education providers, internationalisation is becoming an integral aspect of their teaching, research and public service roles. And institutions are increasingly operating in a global market in which quality assurance and assessment are particularly important and sensitive issues. This book discusses some of the challenges of ensuring quality in internationalisation, and provides a framework to assist institutions in designing and reviewing their own strategies and policies. Analysis of the evolving policy environment is contributed by internationally recognised experts; and case studies from Australia, Finland, Kenya, Mexico, Poland and the United States are included. The book also presents the Internationalisation Quality Review Process (IQRP), a unique practical tool for institutional leaders and managers who wish to develop the international dimension of their programmes and services.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les activités extra-scolaires au Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In spring 1999, the United Kingdom launched a major initiative that will extend the use of school buildings. Good schools in both public and private sectors have always engaged in recreational and learning activities outside normal school hours. The government has now decided to invest 200 million pounds of National Lottery money to enable schools in deprived and underachieving areas to develop or expand such initiatives.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264164093
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Fears of the prospect of growing social exclusion have become important concerns in recent years for many countries. Improving the quality of education and the standards attained by students to improve employability is one of the tools being used to prevent exclusion. However, changing social realities are leaving young children and students more exposed than ever to failure at school and unemployment. It is becoming increasingly clear that communities, education systems, schools and teachers are not equipped to deal with the many problems which arise and when social or health services become involved conflicts of interest can arise leading to actions which are not always in the clients' best interests. The necessity to provide greater co-ordination among these services, to improve their efficiency and effectiveness and to provide a seamless support to meet the holistic needs of students and their families is now becoming more accepted. Such an approach, inter alia, is community-based, emphasises prevention rather than being crisis-oriented, is customer-driven rather than being focused on an agency, and is accountable through outcomes rather than inputs. For many, better co-ordination of services is seen as the only solution available which is commensurate with our present democratic societies. All of the papers in this book were presented at a conference held in Toronto, Canada. They are original and have been written by policy-makers from different ministries, researchers from different disciplines and clients who come variously from Canada, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, and the USA.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264173415
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (184 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Enseignement tertiaire et recherche en Fédération de Russie 1999
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The speed, nature and uncertainty of economic, social and political developments in the Russian Federation continue to pose enormous challenges for tertiary education and research activities in universities, higher level vocational schools and institutes of the academies of sciences. These challenges are shaping the strategies for needed reforms to widen further learning opportunities at the tertiary education level, improve the quality and extend the reach of research and boost the contributions of tertiary-level education and research to improved economic performance and social well-being. This book is based on one of the most recent, broadly-based and forward-looking analyses of these developments and pressures and takes account of the specific structures, strengths and traditions in tertiary education and research in the Russian Federation. It offers a set of general directions and specific recommendations for policies to address key issues of access, quality and standards in teaching; new directions to diversify and deliver tertiary education; the quality of research in academic and research establishments; and reforms in the governance, management and financing of teaching and research. This review of tertiary education and research policies follows an earlier examination of general education, Reviews of National Policies for Education: Russian Federation.
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  • 11
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/14
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les bibliothèques scolaires dans une société de communication
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PEB and the Ministry of Education of Portugal brought together 67 library and resource centre professionals, policy makers, educators and information technology specialists from 21 countries around the theme “Designing Schools for the Information Society: Libraries and Resource Centres”. The seminar, held in Portugal in June 1999, addressed how the growing use of information technology and the move toward schools as community learning centres are affecting the demand for and use of space in educational institutions, with particular reference to changes which promote lifelong learning and the creation of the information society. Below are excerpts from some of the presentations.
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Laboratoires de sciences dans les établissements scolaires : Tendances actuelles et lignes directrices
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Science laboratories in schools are expensive to equip and maintain. Specific pedagogical needs, new technology and safety requirements contribute to the costs. In an effort to get the most efficient use of facilities, some countries are rethinking school labs with a move toward more flexible approaches.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Québec : contrat de performance énergétique dans le milieu scolaire - Nouvelles règles du jeu
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: This article takes a brief look at the new rules covering energy performance contracts for Quebec school boards. It discusses the following questions: the school boards’ educational buildings; the school boards’ energy performance; regulations with regard to the awarding of contracts in the public and quasi-public sectors; the new rules for awarding energy performance contracts in education.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Plans de gestion des actifs scolaires au Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Provisional Guidance on Asset Management Plans (AMPs) for schools was published by the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) in August 1998. These plans will help English Local Education Authorities (LEAs) to identify, agree and address the most urgent and important priorities in their school capital programmes, and to help in their longer term planning and management of the school estate. They will also help to underpin LEA applications to DfEE for capital support.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/13
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les entreprises de formation en Autriche
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: Austria proudly claims to be the first country to make training firm work compulsory in secondary commercial schools and secondary colleges for business administration. In its other secondary schools offering vocational training and colleges, training firms may be chosen as an additional programme.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/15
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le point sur les projets de gestion des actifs au Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Government, because of its commitment to education, is making significant additional capital funding available to the schools sector. Over the next three years, through various policy initiatives, about GBP 6 billion will be available to clear the maintenance backlog and improve school buildings. It is important that this money is used efficiently and as effectively as possible. Local Education Authorities (LEAs) will be responsible for preparing the Asset Management Plans, which will cover all types of state-funded schools in their boundaries. An AMP will provide an agreed basis for local decisions on spending priorities.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les équipements éducatifs en Corée
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A programme is currently underway in Korea to modernise and equip school buildings in order to better meet today’s teaching needs.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'utilisation des équipements scolaires en dehors des heures de classe
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Experience in a number of OECD countries today continues to demonstrate how after-hours use of schools can improve student success through more study time, add value to the formal curriculum through extra-curricular activities, provide adults with opportunities for personal development or learning and offer the wider population a well-situated structure that can be the centre of community life. This article describes current practice in Belgium, Canada, France, Ireland, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les besoins en bâtiments scolaires dans la communauté flamande de Belgique
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Confronted with a growing need for educational buildings and a significant lack of funds, Belgium’s Flemish Community carried out an inquiry into building needs at all levels of education. This article concentrates on the methodology used for the inquiry, the findings and the consequences for Flemish educational building policy.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Construction des écoles et décentralisation au Mexique
    Keywords: Education ; Mexico
    Abstract: The Administrative Board of the Federal School Construction Programme (CAPFCE) has been in existence for 54 years, but it was only in 1977 that initial efforts were made to transfer responsibility for educational building to the administrations of the 32 states of Mexico. The CAPFCE is now a body that sets standards, exercises technical supervision and provides financial assistance.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/12
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le projet d'école 2001 à Pendao, au Portugal
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: This article is an extract from a presentation made by Isabel Mendinhos to the PEB Steering Committee in June 1999. The project she describes, School 2001, concerns a school for lower secondary education, School E.B. 2,3 Professor Galopin de Carvalho in Pendao, Portugal where she teaches. A new school, based on a innovative project and eagerly awaited by the school community, is soon to be constructed. This provided the ideal moment to reflect on and plan for multimedia and computer equipment, networking and the needs of a disadvantaged student population and to improve a deprived environment.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Une école modèle en Albanie
    Keywords: Education ; Albania
    Abstract: The school soon to be completed in Paskuqan, a suburb of Tirana, was created to meet the present and changing needs of the community. The long-lasting, flexible structure designed to stimulate learning is the result of a close collaboration between pedagogical and building experts. The Albania Education Development Project (AEDP) of the Soros Foundation has financed the school – for pupils in the first eight years of education – as part of its larger programme to foster the country’s educational system.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1999/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les constructions scolaires aux États-Unis
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The following is taken from the “Annual School Construction Report, January 1999” written by John B. Lyons of the United States Department of Education.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264166929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Science and Technology ; Hochschule ; Forschung
    Abstract: Universities are key elements in the science systems in all OECD countries. However, university research in OECD countries is currently the object of considerable tensions in a context of globalisation, reduced budgets and a changing interface with industry. How can universities adapt to this new order? How can the potential of university research best be enhanced? This study surveys these issues, consolidating the most up-to-date data on resources and structures of research activities in higher education systems and providing illustrative examples of institutional adaptations. It discusses related government measures and formulates policy orientations to enable countries to rise to the challenges of the coming years.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401139557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (510p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research 14
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Education, Higher. ; Education and state. ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Abstract: Teaching, Learning, and Thinking About Teaching and Learning -- Costs and Productivity in Higher Education: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications -- Institutional Adaptation: Demands for Management Reform and University Administration -- University Restructuring: The Role of Economic and Political Contexts -- Understanding Strategy: An Assessment of Theory and Practice -- New Colleges for a New Century: Organizational Change and Development in Community Colleges -- Rasch Measurement in Higher Education -- Greek-letter Social Organizations in Higher Education: A Review of Research -- Cultural Capital as an Interpretive Framework for Faculty Life -- Cruel Environments: Sexual Abuse and Harassment in the Academy -- The Global Emergence of a Field: Content, Form, and Promise in Women’s Studies.
    Abstract: To recapitulate, Greeks differ from Independents and from the academy's value priorities, but for the most part these differences derive from antecedent charac­ teristics. Moreover, there are some grounds for speculating that these anteced­ ent differences reflect fundamental temperamental differences (extraversion and gregariousness mediated by social interaction, as opposed to interaction through ideas). Only to a limited degree does the Greek "system" appear to adversely affect the acquisition and assimilation of the academy's value priori­ ties; i.e., students as a whole, Greek and Independent alike, appear to become more independent, liberal, socially concerned, and culturally sophisticated by graduation. However, the Greek system's effect on the behavior of Greeks is more trou­ bling, an effect largely mediated by the use and abuse of alcohol and the relative absence of direct institutional supervision. Assuming the retention of the Greek system, then, the promotion of the acad­ emy's agenda appears dependent on (a) an understanding and accommodation of the personal characteristics of Greeks, using appropriate pedagogical meth­ ods to advance the academy's educational objectives, and (b) both educational and administrative/regulatory efforts to control the use and abuse of alcohol. With or without the Greek system, the advancement of the academy's agenda involves these considerations, since the characteristics of students as a whole encompass the characteristics emphasized among Greeks.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank Group
    ISBN: 0821345605
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 80 p) , ill., col. maps , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 370/.9172/4
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development Effect of education on ; Education ; Educational assistance ; Economic development Effect of education on ; Education ; Educational assistance
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (60 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Narayan, Deepa Social Capital and the State
    Keywords: Civil Society ; Civil Society Organizations ; Community ; Community Development and Empowerment ; Corruption ; Disability ; Economic Development ; Education ; Education and Society ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Full Participation ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income ; Indicators ; Institutions ; National Governance ; Participation ; Policy Implications ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Service ; Service Delivery ; Social Activities ; Social Capital ; Social Cohesion ; Social Development ; Social Development ; Social Groups ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Justice ; Social Protections and Labor ; Civil Society ; Civil Society Organizations ; Community ; Community Development and Empowerment ; Corruption ; Disability ; Economic Development ; Education ; Education and Society ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Full Participation ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Development ; Income ; Indicators ; Institutions ; National Governance ; Participation ; Policy Implications ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Service ; Service Delivery ; Social Activities ; Social Capital ; Social Cohesion ; Social Development ; Social Development ; Social Groups ; Social Inclusion and Institutions ; Social Justice ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: August 1999 - Whatever their nature, interventions to reduce poverty should be designed not only to have an immediate impact on poverty, but also to foster a rich network of cross-cutting ties within society and between society's formal and informal institutions. Using the lens of social capital - especially bridging or cross-cutting ties that cut across social groups and between social groups and government - provides new insights into policy design. Solidarity within social groups creates ties (bonding social capital) that bring people and resources together. In unequal societies, ties that cut across groups (bridging social capital) are essential for social cohesion and for poverty reduction. The nature of interaction between state and society is characterized as complementarity and substitution. When states are functional, the informal and formal work well together - for example, government support for community-based development. When states become dysfunctional, the informal institutions become a substitute and are reduced to serving a defensive or survival function. To move toward economic and social well-being, states must support inclusive development. Investments in the organizational capacity of the poor are critical. Interventions are also required to foster bridging ties across social groups - ethnic, religious, caste, or racial groups. Such interventions can stem from the state, private sector, or civil society and include: ° Changes in rules to include groups previously excluded from formal systems of finance, education, and governance, at all levels. ° Political pluralism and citizenship rights. ° Fairness before the law for all social groups. ° Availability of public spaces that bring social groups together. ° Infrastructure that eases communication. ° Education, media, and public information policies that reinforce norms and values of tolerance and diversity. This paper - a product of the Poverty Division, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the role of social capital. The author may be contacted at dnarayanworldbank.org
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (32 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Is Knowledge Shared within Households?
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bank ; Brochure ; Budget ; Conflict of Interest ; Earnings ; Education ; Education for All ; Family Member ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Interest ; Interests ; Knowledge ; Law and Development ; Literacy ; Pamphlets ; Primary Education ; Public Goods ; Unemployment ; Wage ; Welfare ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Bank ; Brochure ; Budget ; Conflict of Interest ; Earnings ; Education ; Education for All ; Family Member ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Incomes ; Information ; Interest ; Interests ; Knowledge ; Law and Development ; Literacy ; Pamphlets ; Primary Education ; Public Goods ; Unemployment ; Wage ; Welfare
    Abstract: December 1999: Yes - and more efficiently by women than by men, according to this analysis of household survey data for Bangladesh. An illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. According to theory, a member of a collective-action household may or may not share knowledge with others in that household. Shared income gains from shared knowledge may well be offset by a shift in the balance of power within the family. But do literate members of the household share the benefits of literacy with other members of the household in practice? Using household survey data for Bangladesh, Basu, Narayan, and Ravallion find that education has strong external effects on individual earnings. When a range of personal attributes is held constant, an illiterate adult earns significantly more in the nonfarm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. That is, a literate person is likely to share some of the benefits of his or her literacy with other members of the household. It is better to be an illiterate in a household where someone is literate than in a household of illiterates only. It is widely noted that a literate mother confers greater benefits on her children than a literate father does. But what about differences between male and female recipients of knowledge? The empirical results suggest that women are more efficient recipients, too. This paper - a joint product of the Office of the Senior Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics, and Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to understand the relationship between literacy and balance of power in the household. This paper was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Intrahousehold Decisionmaking, Literacy, and Child Labor (RPO 683-07). The authors may be contacted at kb40cornell.edu, anarayan@worldbank.org, or mravallion@worldbank.org
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  • 29
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Hoekman, Bernard Competition Policy, Developing Countries, and the World Trade Organization
    Keywords: Access to Markets ; Barriers ; Competition ; Competition Policies ; Competition Policy ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Domestic Competition ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Export Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Interest ; Interests ; International Cooperation ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Policies ; Jurisdictions ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Traditional Market ; World Trade ; Access to Markets ; Barriers ; Competition ; Competition Policies ; Competition Policy ; Developing Countries ; Developing Country ; Domestic Competition ; Economic Development ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Export Markets ; Foreign Competition ; Free Trade ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Interest ; Interests ; International Cooperation ; International Economics & Trade ; Investment ; Investment Policies ; Jurisdictions ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Law and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Access ; Markets and Market Access ; Monopoly ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Development ; Social Protections and Labor ; Trade Law ; Trade Policy ; Traditional Market ; World Trade
    Abstract: October 1999 - Developing countries have a great interest in pursuing active domestic competition policy but should do so independent of the World Trade Organization - which they should use to improve market access through further reduction in direct barriers to trade in goods and services. Hoekman and Holmes discuss developing country interests in including competition law disciplines in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Developing countries have a great interest in pursuing active domestic competition policy, they conclude, but should do so independent of the WTO. Given the mercantilist basis of multilateral trade negotiations, the WTO is less likely to be a powerful instrument for encouraging adoption of welfare-enhancing competition rules than it is to be a forum for abolishing cross-border measures. Developing countries should therefore give priority to using the WTO to improve market access - to further reduce direct barriers to trade in goods and services. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze issues that may be the subject of WTO negotiations. The authors may be contacted at bhoekmanworldbank.org or p.holmes@sussex.ac.uk
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (26 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Pack, Howard Is African Manufacturing Skill-Constrained?
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Competition ; Foreign Direct Investment ; GDP ; Goods ; Human Capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; National Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Production Function ; Productivity Growth ; Real Exchange Rates ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Technology Industry ; Theory ; Total Factor Productivity ; Variables ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Agriculture ; Capital ; Costs ; Development ; Distribution ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Foreign Competition ; Foreign Direct Investment ; GDP ; Goods ; Human Capital ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Incentives ; Industry ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Inputs ; International Economics & Trade ; Macroeconomic Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microfinance ; National Economy ; Private Sector Development ; Production ; Production Function ; Productivity Growth ; Real Exchange Rates ; Small Scale Enterprises ; Technology Industry ; Theory ; Total Factor Productivity ; Variables
    Abstract: October 1999 - Continued efforts to develop high-level industrial skills in Sub-Saharan African countries may be wasteful without a more competitive environment in the industrial sector. But lack of such skills may limit the benefits to the industrial sector from future liberalization. As a result, the supply response to improved incentives may be weak. Total factor productivity has been low in most of Sub-Saharan Africa. It is often said that the binding constraint on African industrial development is the inadequate supply of technologically capable workers. And many cross-country studies imply that the low level of human capital in Africa is an important source of low growth in per capita income. The results of Pack and Paxson's study do not necessarily conflict with this view. They indicate that in noncompetitive industrial sectors with little inflow of new technology, the contribution of technological abilities, however it is measured, is limited. If liberalization of the economy generated greater competition, or if export growth were accelerated - permitting the import of inputs embodying new technology - local skills could contribute significantly more in raising output. The experience of other countries also suggests that as the economy opens to flows of international knowledge - whether through technology transfers or through informal transfers from purchasers of exports - the technological capacity of local industry becomes important. The policy implications of this analysis are clear: Without the prospect of a more competitive environment, continued efforts to develop high-level industrial skills may be wasteful. But the absence of such skills may limit the benefits to the industrial sector from future liberalization, as a result of which the supply response to improved incentives may be weak. This paper - a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze the effect of public policies on industrial productivity. The authors may be contacted at packhwharton.upenn.edu or cpaxson@wws.princeton.edu
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (38 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Salinas, Angel How Mexico's Financial Crisis Affected Income Distribution
    Keywords: Bank ; Calculations ; Contribution ; Current Account ; Current Income ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Income Groups ; Income Sources ; Inequality ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Low-Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Salaries ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Severe Financial Crisis ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages ; Bank ; Calculations ; Contribution ; Current Account ; Current Income ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Equity ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis ; Financial Literacy ; Household Income ; Income ; Income ; Income Groups ; Income Sources ; Inequality ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Low-Income ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector Development ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Salaries ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Severe Financial Crisis ; Social Protections and Labor ; Wages
    Abstract: July 2000 - After Mexico's financial crisis in 1994, the distribution of income and labor earnings improved. But financial income and rising labor earnings in higher-income brackets are growing sources of inequality in Mexico. After Mexico's financial crisis in 1994, the distribution of income and labor earnings improved. Did inequality increase during the recession, as one would expect, since the rich have more ways to protect their assets than the poor do? After all, labor is poor people's only asset (the labor-hoarding hypothesis). In principle, one could argue that the richest deciles experienced severe capital losses because of the crisis in 1994-96, and were hurt proportionately more than the poor were. But the facts don't support this hypothesis. As a share of total income, both monetary income (other than wages and salaries) and financial income increased during that period, especially in urban areas. Financial income is a growing source of inequality in Mexico. Mexico's economy had a strong performance in 1997. The aggregate growth rate was about 7 percent, real investment grew 24 percent and exports 17 percent, industrial production increased 9.7 percent, and growth in civil construction (which makes intensive use of less skilled labor) was close to 11 percent. Given those figures, it is not surprising that the distribution of income and labor earnings improved, but the magnitude and quickness of the recovery prompted a close inspection of the mechanisms responsible for it. Lopez-Acevedo and Salinas analyze the decline in income inequality after the crisis, examine income sources that affect the level of inequality, and investigate the forces that drive inequality in Mexico. They find that in 1997 the crisis had hurt the income share of the top decile of the population mainly by reducing its share of labor earnings. Especially affected were highly skilled workers in financial services and nontradables. Results from 1998 suggest that the labor earnings of those workers recovered and in fact increased. Indeed, labor earnings are a growing source of income inequality. This paper-a product of the Economic Policy Sector Unit and Mexico Country Office, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of the Bank's study of earnings inequality after Mexico's economic and educational reforms. The authors may be contacted at gacevedoworldbank.org or asalinas@worldbank.org
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, M. Michael The Effect of Early Childhood Development Programs on Women's Labor Force Participation and Older Children's Schooling in Kenya
    Keywords: Age ; Boys ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Children ; Children and Youth ; Day Care ; Dropout Rates ; Early Child Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Enrollment ; Enrollment Of Girls ; Exams ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Girls ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Participation ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Primary School ; Schooling ; Street Children ; Unemployment ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Women ; Youth and Government ; Age ; Boys ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Children ; Children and Youth ; Day Care ; Dropout Rates ; Early Child Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Enrollment ; Enrollment Of Girls ; Exams ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Girls ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Participation ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Primary School ; Schooling ; Street Children ; Unemployment ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Women ; Youth and Government
    Abstract: June 2000 - Economic incentives have a powerful effect on the work behavior of women with children in Kenya. In addition to increasing the future productivity of children, government subsidies of low-cost early childhood development programs would increase the number of mothers who work, thus increasing the incomes of poor households and lifting some families out of poverty. They would also increase older girls' enrollment in school, by releasing them from child care responsibilities. About 20,000 early childhood development centers provided day care for and prepared for primary school more than 1 million children aged three to seven (roughly 20 percent of children in that age group) in Kenya in 1995. The number of child care facilities reached 23,690 by the end of 1999. Lokshin, Glinskaya, and Garcia analyze the effect of child care costs on households' behavior in Kenya. For households with children aged three to seven, they model household demand for mothers' participation in paid work, the participation in paid work of other household members, household demand for schooling, and household demand for child care. They find that: · A high cost for child care discourages households from using formal child care facilities and has a negative effect on mothers' participation in market work. · The cost of child care and the level of mothers' wages affect older children's school enrollment, but these factors affect boys' and girls' schooling differently. An increase in mothers' wages increases boys' enrollment but depresses girls' enrollment. · Higher child care costs have no significant effect on boys' schooling but significantly decrease the number of girls in school. This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group; Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region; and Human Development 1, Africa Technical Families - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study the role of gender in the context of the household, institutions, and society. The authors may be contacted at mlokshinworldbank.org, eglinskaya@worldbank.org, or mgarcia1@worldbank.org
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Knack, Stephen Aid Dependence and the Quality of Governance
    Keywords: Accountability ; Aid Dependence ; Bureaucracy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Corruption ; Country Data ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Aid ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Good Governance ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; Income Growth ; Institutional Quality ; Institutions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Natural Resources ; Per Capita Incomes ; Policy Implications ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reverse Causality ; Rule Of Law ; School Health ; Social Protections and Labor ; Accountability ; Aid Dependence ; Bureaucracy ; Bureaucratic Quality ; Corruption ; Country Data ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Disability ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Foreign Aid ; Gender ; Gender and Health ; Good Governance ; Governance ; Governance ; Governance Indicators ; Growth ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; Income Growth ; Institutional Quality ; Institutions ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; National Governance ; Natural Resources ; Per Capita Incomes ; Policy Implications ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures ; Reverse Causality ; Rule Of Law ; School Health ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: July 2000 - Do higher levels of aid erode the very quality of governance poor countries need for sustained and rapid income growth? Good governance-in the form of institutions that establish predictable, impartial, and consistently enforced rules for investors-is crucial for the sustained and rapid growth of per capita incomes in poor countries. Aid dependence can undermine institutional quality by weakening accountability, encouraging rent seeking and corruption, fomenting conflict over control of aid funds, siphoning off scarce talent from the bureaucracy, and alleviating pressures to reform inefficient policies and institutions. Knack's analyses of cross-country data provide evidence that higher aid levels erode the quality of governance, as measured by indexes of bureaucratic quality, corruption, and the rule of law. This negative relationship strengthens when instruments for aid are used to correct for potential reverse causality. It is robust to changes in the sample and to several alternative forms of estimation. Recent studies have concluded that aid's impact on economic growth and infant mortality is conditional on policy and institutional gaps. Knack's results indicate that the size of the institutional gap itself increases with aid levels. This paper-a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to identify the determinants of good governance and institutions conducive to long-run economic development. The author may be contacted at sknackworldbank.org
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (21 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Gautam, Madhur Reconsidering the Evidence on Returns to T&V Extension in Kenya
    Keywords: Agencies ; Agricultural ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; E-Business ; Econometrics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Extension ; Extension Services ; Family ; Farmers ; Farms ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Land ; Livestock ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Private Sector Development ; Research ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Training ; Agencies ; Agricultural ; Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Crops ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; E-Business ; Econometrics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Extension ; Extension Services ; Family ; Farmers ; Farms ; Information ; Investment ; Labor Policies ; Land ; Livestock ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Management ; Private Sector Development ; Research ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Knowledge and Information Systems ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Social Protections and Labor ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Training
    Abstract: April 1999 - The sensitivity of empirical results to potential data errors and model misspecification can yield misleading policy implications and investment signals. A widely disseminated study of the impact of the training and visit (T&V) system of management for extension services in Kenya is a striking example of how innocuous data errors and alternative specifications lead to strikingly different results. Gautam and Anderson revisit the widely disseminated results of a study (Bindlish and Evenson 1993, 1997) of the impact of the training and visit (T&V) system of management for public extension services in Kenya. T&V was introduced in Kenya by the World Bank and has since been supported through two successive projects. The impact of the projects continues to be the subject of much debate. Gautam and Anderson's paper suggests the need for greater vigilance in empirical analysis, especially about the quality of data used to support Bank policy and the need to validate potentially influential findings. Using household data from 1990, Bindlish and Evenson found the returns from extension to be very high. But Gautam and Anderson find that the returns estimated by Bindlish and Evenson suffer from data errors, and limitations imposed by cross-sectional data. After correcting for several data processing and measurement errors, the authors show the results to be less robust than reported by Bindlish and Evenson and highly sensitive to regional effects. When region-specific effects are included, a positive return to extension cannot be established, using Bindlish and Evenson's data set and cross-sectional model specifications. After testing the robustness of results using a number of tests, Gautam and Anderson could not definitively establish the factors underlying strong regional effects, largely because of the limitations imposed by the cross-sectional framework. Household panel data methods would have allowed greater control for regional effects and would have yielded better insight into the impact of extension. The impact on agricultural productivity in Kenya expected from T&V extension services is not discernible from the available data, and the impact may vary across districts. The hypothesis that T&V had no impact in Kenya between 1982 and 1990 cannot be rejected. The sample data fail to support a positive rate of return on the investment in T&V. This paper-a product of the Sector and Thematic Evaluation Division, Operations Evaluation Department-is part of a larger exploration by the department of the effects of the investment in agricultural extension in Kenya. The authors may be contacted at mgautamworldbank.org or janderson@worldbank.org
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Estache, Antonio Comparing the Performance of Public and Private Water Companies in the Asia and Pacific Region
    Keywords: E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Ground Water ; Industry ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Litres Per Day ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Number Of Connections ; Operational Costs ; Operational Expenses ; Performance Indicators ; Private Operators ; Private Sector Development ; Private Water Companies ; Public Utilities ; Raw Water ; Social Protections and Labor ; Surface Sources ; Surface Water ; Town ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Utilities ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Distribution ; Water Production ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Services ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Wells ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Ground Water ; Industry ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Litres Per Day ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Number Of Connections ; Operational Costs ; Operational Expenses ; Performance Indicators ; Private Operators ; Private Sector Development ; Private Water Companies ; Public Utilities ; Raw Water ; Social Protections and Labor ; Surface Sources ; Surface Water ; Town ; Town Water Supply and Sanitation ; Urban Water Supply and Sanitation ; Utilities ; Water ; Water Conservation ; Water Distribution ; Water Production ; Water Resources ; Water Sector ; Water Services ; Water Supply and Sanitation ; Water Supply and Sanitation Governance and Institutions ; Water and Industry ; Wells
    Abstract: July 1999 - Efficiency indicators can be useful to regulators assessing the efficiency of an operation and the wedge between tariff and minimum costs. They allow regulators to control for factors over which the operators have no control (such as diversity of water sources, or water quality or user characteristics). Estache and Rossi estimate a stochastic costs frontier for a sample of Asian and Pacific water companies, comparing the performance of public and privatized companies based on detailed firm-specific information published by the Asian Development Bank in 1997. They find private operators of water companies to be more efficient than public operators. Costs in concessioned companies tend to be significantly lower than those in public companies. Estache and Rossi compare the ranking of these companies by efficiency performance (obtained from econometric estimates) with rankings by more standard qualitative and productivity indicators typically used to assess performance. They show that rankings based on standard indicators are not always very consistent. Productivity indicators recognize simple input-output relations, such as the number of workers per client or connection. Frontiers recognize the more complex nature of interactions between inputs and outputs. Cost frontiers show the costs as a function of the level of output (or outputs) and the prices of inputs, and are generally more useful to regulators assessing the wedge between tariff and minimum costs. Production frontiers reveal technical relations between firms' inputs and outputs and provide a useful backup when cost frontiers are difficult to assess for lack of data. This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation. Antonio Estache may be contacted at aestacheworldbank.org
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (54 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Verner, Dorte Wage and Productivity Gaps
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Demand ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Information ; Investing ; Investment ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Large Enterprises ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population ; Primary Education ; Productivity ; Questionnaire ; Regression Analyses ; Research Assistance ; Sales ; Social Protections and Labor ; Supply ; Tertiary Education ; Training ; Wage ; Wages ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Demand ; Earnings ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Information ; Investing ; Investment ; Labor Force ; Labor Market ; Labor Markets ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Large Enterprises ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Population ; Primary Education ; Productivity ; Questionnaire ; Regression Analyses ; Research Assistance ; Sales ; Social Protections and Labor ; Supply ; Tertiary Education ; Training ; Wage ; Wages
    Abstract: August 1999 - This paper studies labor market outcomes in Ghana. The analysis focuses on the formal manufacturing wage sector and, more specifically, on the determinants of wages and productivity for various groups of workers. It tests hypotheses that relate to the impacts of individual and enterprise characteristics on wages. Furthermore, it compares the marginal impact of each of these characteristics on wages with their respective impact on labor productivity. The results may indicate whether, for example, there exists a spot labor market, discrimination, and/or structural differences among sectors and groups of workers. The paper analyzes whether experience, training, and education impact wages and productivity. In recent years, analysts have paid a lot of attention to the impacts of education and labor force training. The rationale for investing in human capital is that a more skilled and educated labor force is more productive than a less educated one. Therefore, policymakers emphasize investment in human capital because they believe that, in general, it increases labor productivity. However, there is not have much evidence of this relationship in the Africa region.11 Glewwe (1996) finds that there is no return to human capital in Ghana. This paper aims partially at filling this void by presenting evidence on the direct impact of education, training, and experience on productivity for different groups of workers using econometric regression analyses. It looks at whether Ghanaian labor markets are characterized by gender discrimination. It analyzes whether the labor markets are competitive. And it looks at whether union membership, manufacturing sector, and firm location affect labor market outcomes. This paper-a product of Human Development 3, Africa Technical Families-is part of a larger effort in the region to understand how labor markets work in Africa. The author may be contacted at dvernerworldbank.org
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (20 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Salinas, Angel The Distribution of Mexico's Public Spending on Education
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Cred Earnings ; Debt Markets ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Income Groups ; Information ; Investments ; Level Of Education ; Loan Programs ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Public Expenditures ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Spending ; Student ; Student Loan ; Students ; Subsidies ; Subsidy ; Tertiary Education ; Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Cred Earnings ; Debt Markets ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Financial Sector ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Expenditure ; Income ; Income Groups ; Information ; Investments ; Level Of Education ; Loan Programs ; Population Policies ; Primary Education ; Primary Education ; Public Expenditures ; Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management ; Spending ; Student ; Student Loan ; Students ; Subsidies ; Subsidy ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: July 2000 - Public spending on tertiary education in Mexico is strongly regressive, benefiting mainly the nonpoor in urban areas. To give the poor a chance at higher education, student loan programs or means-tested financial aid and scholarship programs (though rarely devoid of subsidy) are preferable to free education services, because loan and aid programs target the students who suffer from the financial market's failure to provide long-term loans for higher education. Research shows that education has played a crucial role in raising levels of earnings and that returns to education in Mexico have increased, particularly in higher education and in the upper tail of the conditional earnings distribution. Lopez-Acevedo and Salinas examine patterns of public spending on education in the face of further increases in earnings inequality. They analyze the incidence of benefits using two sets of data: data on unit costs per student by state and by education level, and data from surveys on household income and spending. Among their findings: · Nationally, the poorest income groups get most of the national and state subsidy for primary education. At higher education levels the poor get progressively smaller subsidies. · For all Mexico, government spending on primary education is very progressive. In lower secondary education it is neutral. And in upper secondary education it benefits mainly the middle and upper classes. Tertiary education is strongly regressive, benefiting mainly the richest deciles and mainly in urban areas. · But those government patterns vary by region. In the central region average total spending is more uniformly distributed than the national pattern. In the northern region the subsidy is progressive. Primary education is neutral and higher levels of instruction are moderately regressive. In the central region primary schooling is very progressive, while lower secondary schooling is almost neutral. Upper secondary and tertiary instruction strongly benefit the richest income deciles. In the southern region basic (primary and lower secondary) education is very progressive, upper secondary education is neutral, and tertiary education is highly regressive. In Mexico City all levels of education except primary are strongly regressive. Lopez-Acevedo and Salinas show that public spending at the tertiary level is more regressive than household spending. So much of public spending on tertiary education favors nonpoor families in urban areas that to reallocate the spending so that poor students have a chance to participate would require developing credit markets for higher education. The government's role should be to help overcome market failures in the financial sector, which limit the availability of long-term financing for higher education. These failures can be corrected through student loan programs or means-tested financial aid and scholarship programs. Such programs are rarely devoid of subsidy but are preferable to the direct, cost-free provision of services because the subsidy is targeted more closely to the source of market failure. This paper-a product of the Economic Policy Sector Unit and Mexico Country Office, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of a strategy to reduce poverty and inequality in Mexico. The study was part of the research project Earnings Inequality after Mexico's Economic Reforms. The authors may be contacted at gacevedoworldbank.org or asalinas@worldbank.org
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Office of the Senior Vice President, Development Economics
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p) , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 2179
    Parallel Title: Ray, Ranjan How child labour and child schooling interact with adult labour
    Keywords: Adult education ; Child labor ; Child welfare ; Education ; Poverty ; Adult education ; Child labor ; Child welfare ; Education ; Poverty
    Abstract: The link between household poverty and child labor is much stronger in Pakistan than in Peru. Providing good schools in South Asia could help reduce child labor. The link between child labor and adult labor markets varies with gender
    Note: "September 1999"--Cover , Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-39)
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Wallsten, Scott An Empirical Analysis of Competition, Privatization, and Regulation in Telecommunications Markets in Africa and Latin America
    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Telekommunikationspolitik ; Privatisierung ; Deregulierung ; Afrika ; Lateinamerika ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users ; Banks and Banking Reform ; Business ; Business Services ; Data ; E-Business ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Regulation ; Institutions ; Knowledge Economy ; Knowledge for Development ; Labor Policies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Performance ; Price ; Prices ; Private Sector Development ; Public Sector Regulation ; Reliability ; Results ; Social Protections and Labor ; Technology ; Telecom ; Telecommunication ; Telecommunication Reforms ; Telecommunications ; Telephone ; Telephone Connections ; Telephone Service ; Telephones ; User ; Users
    Abstract: June 1999 - Empirical analysis of telecommunications reforms in 30 African and Latin American countries yields results largely consistent with conventional wisdom. Competition seems to be the most successful change agent, so granting even temporary monopolies may delay the arrival of better services to consumers. Reformers are correct to emphasize that regulatory reform accompany privatization, as privatization without regulation reform may be costly to consumers. Wallsten explores the effects of privatization, competition, and regulation on telecommunications performance in 30 African and Latin American countries from 1984 through 1997. Competition is associated with tangible benefits in terms of mainline penetration, number of pay phones, connection capacity, and reduced prices. Fixed-effects regressions reveal that competition-measured by mobile operators not owned by the incumbent telecommunications provider-is correlated with increases in the per capita number of mainlines, pay phones, and connection capacity, and with decreases in the price of local calls. Privatizing an incumbent is negatively correlated with mainline penetration and connection capacity. Privatization combined with regulation by an independent regulator, however, is positively correlated with connection capacity and substantially mitigates privatization's negative correlation with mainline penetration. Reformers are right to emphasize a combination of privatization, competition, and regulation. But researchers must explore the permutations of regulation: What type of regulation do countries adopt (price caps versus cost-of-service, for example)? How does the regulatory agency work? What is its annual budget? How many employees does it have? Where do the regulators come from? What sort of training and experience do they have? What enforcement powers does the regulatory agency have? In addition, researchers must deal with endogeneity of privatization, competition, and regulation to deal with issues of causality. This paper-a product of Regulation and Competition Policy, Development Research Group-is part of a larger research effort to analyze the role of competition in telecommunications with special emphasis on Africa. The author may be contacted at wallstenstanford.edu
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (40 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Schady, Norbert Do School Facilities Matter?
    Keywords: Access To Schooling ; Attendance Rate ; Attendance Rates ; Classrooms ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Disability ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Educational Infrastructure ; Educational Inputs ; Educational Outcomes ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Illiteracy ; Investments In Education ; Population Policies ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Public School ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sanitation ; School ; School Attendance ; School Breakfast ; School Facilities ; School Level ; Schoolchildren ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Values ; Access To Schooling ; Attendance Rate ; Attendance Rates ; Classrooms ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Disability ; Education ; Education ; Education for All ; Educational Infrastructure ; Educational Inputs ; Educational Outcomes ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Illiteracy ; Investments In Education ; Population Policies ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Public School ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Sanitation ; School ; School Attendance ; School Breakfast ; School Facilities ; School Level ; Schoolchildren ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Values
    Abstract: A revised version was published as The Allocation and Impact of Social Funds: Spending on School Infrastructure in Peru (with Christina Paxson). World Bank Economic Review 16 (2): 297-319, 2002. - Education projects of the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES) have reached poor districts and, to the extent they live in those districts, poor households. FONCODES has had a positive effect on school attendance rates for young children, but not on the likelihood that children will be at an appropriate school level for their age. Since its creation in 1991, the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES) has spent about US
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (36 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Child Care and Women's Labor Force Participation in Romania
    Keywords: Age ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Children ; Children and Youth ; Early Childhood ; Education ; Employment Of Women ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Human Capital ; Labor Force ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Supply ; Law and Development ; Mother ; Nutrition ; Physical Health ; Policy ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Primary Education ; Respect ; Social Protections and Labor ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Workforce ; Working Mothers ; Young Women ; Youth and Government ; Age ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Children ; Children and Youth ; Early Childhood ; Education ; Employment Of Women ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Law ; Health Systems Development and Reform ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Income ; Human Capital ; Labor Force ; Labor Markets ; Labor Policies ; Labor Supply ; Law and Development ; Mother ; Nutrition ; Physical Health ; Policy ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Primary Education ; Respect ; Social Protections and Labor ; Street Children ; Urban Development ; Wages ; Workforce ; Working Mothers ; Young Women ; Youth and Government
    Abstract: July 2000 - In Romania both the maternal decision to take a job and the decision to use out-of-home care are sensitive to the price of child care as well as to the potential market wage of the mother. A decrease in the price of child care can increase the number of mothers in the labor force and thus reduce poverty in some households. Fong and Lokshin model the household demand for child care, the mother's participation in the labor force, and her working hours in Romania. Their model estimates the effects of the price of child care, the mother's wage, and household income on household behavior relating to child care and mothers working outside the home. They find that: · Both the maternal decision to take a job and the decision to use out-of-home care are sensitive to the price of child care. A decrease in the price of child care can increase the number of mothers who work and thus reduce poverty in some households. · The potential market wage of the mother has a significant positive effect on the decision to purchase market care and the decision to engage in paid employment. · The level of household nonwage income has little effect on maternal employment and the demand for child care. In addition to facilitating women's work, kindergartens and crèches appear to provide educational and social benefits for children. Close to half the children in these facilities have mothers who do not work. Further research is needed to assess the cost and nature of these benefits and to determine the appropriate roles for the private and public sectors in providing, financing, and regulating such services for working and nonworking mothers. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of gender in the context of the household, institutions, and society. Michael Lokshin may be contacted at mlokshinworldbank.org
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (28 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Salinas, Angel Marginal Willingness to Pay for Education and the Determinants of Enrollment in Mexico
    Keywords: Education ; Education ; Education Facilities ; Education for All ; Educational Expenditure ; Educational Expenditures ; Educational Levels ; Educational Policy ; Educational Reforms ; Educational Services ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Primary Level ; Private Schools ; Public Schools ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; School ; School Attendance ; School Enrollment ; School Fees ; School Level ; School Quality ; Schooling ; Secondary Education ; Secondary School ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Education ; Education ; Education Facilities ; Education for All ; Educational Expenditure ; Educational Expenditures ; Educational Levels ; Educational Policy ; Educational Reforms ; Educational Services ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Primary Education ; Primary Level ; Private Schools ; Public Schools ; Public Sector Management and Reform ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; School ; School Attendance ; School Enrollment ; School Fees ; School Level ; School Quality ; Schooling ; Secondary Education ; Secondary School ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks
    Abstract: July 2000 - The best way to increase school enrollment in Mexico is to successfully target public spending on education to poor households. Currently, nonpoor households in urban areas get much of the subsidy benefit from the government provision of education services. Standard benefit-incidence analysis assumes that the subsidy and quality of education services are the same for all income deciles. This strong assumption tends to minimize the distributional inequity at various education levels. Using a new approach emphasizing marginal willingness to pay for education, Lopez-Acevedo and Salinas analyze the impact of public spending on the education spending behavior of the average household. They address several questions: What would an average household with a given set of characteristics be willing to spend on an individual child with given traits if subsidized public education facilities were unavailable? What would the household have saved by sending the child to public school rather than private school? How great are these savings for various income groups? What are the determinants of enrollment by income group and by location? How do individuals' education expenditures affect enrollment patterns? Among their findings: · The nonpoor households in urban areas get much of the subsidy, or savings, from government provision of education services. · The wealthy value private education more than the poor do. · Differences in school quality are greater at the primary level. In other words, wealthy households get the lion's share of benefits from public spending on education. Household school enrollment and transition to the next level of schooling depend heavily on the cost of schooling, how far the head of the household went in school, the per capita household income, and the housing facilities or services. But the government's effort also affects the probability of enrollment and transition. The probability of enrollment is much higher for the 40 percent of higher-income households in urban areas than it is for the 40 percent of lower-income households in rural areas. The best way to increase school enrollment is to successfully target public spending on education to poor households. This paper-a product of the Economic Policy Sector Unit and the Mexico Country Office, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of a strategy to reduce poverty and inequality in Mexico. The study was part of the research project Earnings Inequality after Mexico's Economic Reforms. The authors may be contacted at gacevedoworldbank.org or asalinas@worldbank.org
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (44 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Vegas, Emiliana School Choice, Student Performance, and Teacher and School Characteristics
    Keywords: Degrees ; Education ; Education for All ; High School Grade Average ; Learning ; Ministry of Education ; Papers ; Private Schools ; Research ; Researchers ; School ; Schools ; Secondary Education ; Student ; Student Achievement ; Tertiary Education ; Degrees ; Education ; Education for All ; High School Grade Average ; Learning ; Ministry of Education ; Papers ; Private Schools ; Research ; Researchers ; School ; Schools ; Secondary Education ; Student ; Student Achievement ; Tertiary Education
    Abstract: Vegas explores how schools change in response to increased competition generated by voucher programs in Chile. A unique data set provides information on teacher demographics and labor market characteristics, as well as teachers' perceptions of school management. When teacher data are marched with school-level data on student achievement using a national assessment data set (SIMCE), some teacher and school characteristics affect student performance, but a great deal of unexplained variance among sectors remains important in predicting student outcomes. Teacher education, decentralization of decisionmaking authority, whether the school schedule is strictly enforced, and the extent to which teachers have autonomy in designing teaching plans and implementing projects all appear to affect student outcomes. Interestingly, teacher autonomy has positive effects on student outcomes only when decisionmaking authority is decentralized. This paper--a product of Public Services, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of incentives in education. The author may be contacted at evegasworldbank.org
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys Learning Outcomes and School Cost-Effectiveness in Mexico
    Keywords: Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Budget ; Education for All ; Educational System ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Learning ; Learning Outcomes ; Literature ; Ministry Of Education ; Primary Education ; Professor ; Quality Of Education ; Research ; School ; Schools ; Science ; Secondary Education ; Student ; Student Learning ; Students ; Teacher ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Training ; Dropout Rates ; Education ; Education Budget ; Education for All ; Educational System ; Effective Schools and Teachers ; Learning ; Learning Outcomes ; Literature ; Ministry Of Education ; Primary Education ; Professor ; Quality Of Education ; Research ; School ; Schools ; Science ; Secondary Education ; Student ; Student Learning ; Students ; Teacher ; Teachers ; Tertiary Education ; Textbooks ; Training
    Abstract: May 1999 - Roughly doubling the school resources allocated per student overcame a 30 percent deficit in test scores among rural students in Mexico's PARE program. Past research often attributed most differences in student learning to socioeconomic factors, implying that the potential for direct educational interventions to reduce learning inequality was limited. Acevedo shows that learning achievement can be improved through appropriately designed and reasonably well-implemented interventions. She studies the impact of the Programa para Abatir el Rezago Educativo (PARE), a program designed to improve the quality and efficiency of primary education in four Mexican states by improving school resources. The PARE program increased learning achievement in rural and native schools, where students had typically not performed as well as other students (in Spanish). Not only did students' cognitive abilities improve under the PARE program, but the probability of their continuing in school improved. In rural areas where the PARE design was fully implemented, test scores for the average student increased considerably. A 30 percent deficit in test scores among rural students could be overcome by roughly doubling the resources allocated per student. This paper-a product of the Mexico Country Management Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the impact of program intervention in Mexico. The author may be contacted at gacevedoworldbank.org
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (22 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Duval-Hernandez, Robert Leading Indicator Project
    Keywords: Averaging ; Benchmark ; Business Cycles ; Cd ; Cred Economic Activity ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Research ; Economic Statistics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Expectations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forecasting ; Forecasts ; Information Security and Privacy ; Interest Rate ; Knowledge for Development ; Leading Indicators ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Private Sector Development ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Trade ; Trends ; Trough ; Unemployment ; Value ; Variables ; Averaging ; Benchmark ; Business Cycles ; Cd ; Cred Economic Activity ; Currencies and Exchange Rates ; Debt Markets ; E-Business ; Economic Research ; Economic Statistics ; Economic Theory and Research ; Education ; Emerging Markets ; Expectations ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Forecasting ; Forecasts ; Information Security and Privacy ; Interest Rate ; Knowledge for Development ; Leading Indicators ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Money ; Private Sector Development ; Science Education ; Science and Technology Development ; Scientific Research and Science Parks ; Statistical and Mathematical Sciences ; Trade ; Trends ; Trough ; Unemployment ; Value ; Variables
    Abstract: June 2000 - A method for forecasting growth cycles in economic activity (measured as total industrial production), as applied to Lithuania. Everhart and Duval-Hernandez present a method for forecasting growth cycles in economic activity, measured as total industrial production. They construct a series which they aggregate into a composite leading indicator to predict the path of the economy in Lithuania. The cycle is the result of the economy's deviations from its long-term trend. A contractionary phase means a decline in the growth rate of the economy, not necessarily an absolute decline in economic activity. The indicator they select for economic activity is usually the Index of Industrial Production, plus a group of variables that, when filtered and adjusted, becomes the composite leading indicator that forecasts the reference series. Variables include economically and statistically significant financial, monetary, real sector, and business survey data. They base selection of the components of the leading indicator on the forecast efficiency and economic significance of the series. Once selected, the relevant variables are aggregated into a single composite leading indicator, which forecasts the detrended Index of Industrial Production. They apply the Hodrick-Prescott filter method for detrending the series. This is a smoothing technique that decomposes seasonally adjusted series into cyclical and trend components. One advantage of the Hodrick-Prescott filter is that it provides a reasonable estimate of a series' long-term trend. The OECD uses a system of leading indicators to predict growth cycles in the economies of its member countries. These exercises have been very effective in their forecasting ability and accuracy - but for the technique to work it is essential to have an adequate statistical system that provides many economic variables in a precise and timely manner, preferably monthly. The authors extend the OECD technique and present an application to a country of the former Soviet Union. This paper - a joint product of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Units, Europe and Central Asia and Latin America and the Carribean Regions, and the Mexico Country Management Unit - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to foster the development of macroeconomic monitoring techniques. Authors may be contacted by email at severhartworldbank.org or rduval@worldbank.org
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401715843
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (III, 252 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: What mathematics is entailed in knowing to act in a moment? Is tacit, rhetorical knowledge significant in mathematics education? What is the role of intuitive models in understanding, learning and teaching mathematics? Are there differences between elementary and advanced mathematical thinking? Why can't students prove? What are the characteristics of teachers' ways of knowing? This book focuses on various types of knowledge that are significant for learning and teaching mathematics. The first part defines, discusses and contrasts psychological, philosophical and didactical issues related to various types of knowledge involved in the learning of mathematics. The second part describes ideas about forms of mathematical knowledge that are important for teachers to know and ways of implementing such ideas in preservice and in-service education. The chapters provide a wide overview of current thinking about mathematics learning and teaching which is of interest for researchers in mathematics education and mathematics educators. Topics covered include the role of intuition in mathematics learning and teaching, the growth from elementary to advanced mathematical thinking, the significance of genres and rhetoric for the learning of mathematics and the characterization of teachers' ways of knowing
    Description / Table of Contents: Intuitions and Schemata in Mathematical ReasoningIntuitive Rules: A Way to Explain and Predict Students’ Reasoning -- Forms of Knowledge in Mathematics and Mathematics Education: Philosophical and Rhetorical Perspectives -- Why Johnny Can’t Prove -- Knowledge Construction and Diverging Thinking in Elementary & Advanced Mathematics -- Beyond Mere Knowledge of Mathematics: The Importance of Knowing-To Act in the Moment -- Conceptualizing Teachers’ Ways of Knowing -- Forms of Knowing Mathematics: What Preservice Teachers Should Learn -- The Transition from Comparison of Finite to the Comparison of Infinite Sets: Teaching Prospective Teachers -- Integrating Academic and Practical Knowledge in a Teacher Leaders’ Development Program.
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401140768
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational sociology. ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Political science.
    Abstract: This volume consists of selected papers from the 10th Congress of the World Council of Comparative Education Societies. An Editorial Introduction, giving an overview of the contents, is followed by 14 contributions from different parts of the world. The papers examine the themes of equity and transformation in relation to many educational issues including gender equity, globalisation, the erosion of state provision, the growth of free-market approaches, the weakening of theoretical perspectives, the post-colonial heritage and the emancipatory potential of lifelong learning
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial IntroductionHow Choice Changes the Education System: A Michigan Case Study -- Girls’ Education in Zambia: Everyone’s Responsibility - A Policy Framework for Participatory Process -- Gender Equity in Success at School -- Theoretical Perspectives on Gender in Education: The Case of Eastern and Southern Africa -- The Spectre of Theory in Curriculum for Educational Researchers: A Mexican Example -- Curriculum and Society: Rethinking the Link -- No Matter How Long the Night, the Day is Sure to Come: Culture and Educational Transformation in Post-Colonial Namibia and Post-Apartheid South Africa -- Beyond the Entrepreneurial University: The Potential Role of South Africa’s Historically Disadvantaged Institutions in Reconstruction and Development -- Les systèmes éducatifs à La Réunion et l’île Maurice: Quelle efficacité sociale? -- Discourse, Structure and Practice of Continuing Education: A Comparison between Switzerland and Germany -- Critical Approaches to Lifelong Education -- Lifelong Learning within Higher Education in South Africa: Emancipatory Potential? -- Understanding the Experiences of Beginning Secondary School Teachers -- Postcolonialism and Comparative Education.
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789401592635
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVI, 316 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; School management and organization. ; School administration.
    Abstract: Universities and colleges have been under severe pressure to expand student numbers in order to fulfill new and more business-like approaches and to raise levels of efficiency and quality. Over the coming years, institutions of higher education will face increasing competition for students and funds, as well as the need to prove their relevance to society and become an integral part of the global information economy of the 21st century. They are confronted with such important questions as: How is higher education meeting this challenge? How far is the pressure for change reflected in the institute's working practices? This volume contains a series of chapters that focus on the institutional dimension of higher education policy. They have been written by researchers from the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS) of the University of Twente (The Netherlands) in collaboration with some of their colleagues from outside the Center and cover a broad range of areas in which the Center has been actively involved over the past 15 years
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Introduction: Organisational adaptation in higher education2 People on a bridge: Central European higher education institutions in a storm of reform -- 3 Academic staff between threat and opportunity: Changing employment and conditions of service -- 4 Internationalisation as a cause for innovation in higher education: A comparison between European cooperation and the Dutch cross-border cooperation programme -- 5 Assessing institutional change at the level of the faculty: Examining faculty motivations and new degree programmes -- 6 New study programmes at universities: Strategic adaptation versus institutional adjustment -- 7 Budgeting at the institutional level: responding to internal pressures and external opportunities -- 8 Marketisation, hybrid organisations and accounting in higher education -- 9 Hey, big spender! Institutional responsiveness to student demand -- 10 Analysis of institutions of university governance: A classification scheme applied to postwar changes in Dutch higher education -- 11 Institutional change in doctoral education: The graduate school -- 12 Higher education policies and institutional response in Flanders: Instrumental analysis and cultural theory -- 13 Integrating two theoretical perspectives on organizational adaptation.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401591812
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 289 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 4
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Education ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Educational sociology. ; Business. ; Management science.
    Abstract: The fourth volume in the series, Educational Innovation in Economics and Business, brings together sixteen articles to reflect the way in which educational thinking in higher education has undergone a rapid change. The book is divided into four sections. The first section `Learning Objectives and Programme Structures' addresses the theme of the book. It examines how to ensure that the objectives and structures employed are appropriate in the modern environment. The second section `The Structure of the Learning Environment' is a continuation of the first section but focuses on how the learning environment is designed to facilitate the student's learning. The third section `Information Technology in the Learning Environment' contains two articles examining the use of Information Technology as a learning tool. The final section `Evaluating Student Skills' deals with the important issue of developing the student's skills and how they can be evaluated. This volume addresses issues faced by teachers in higher and further education, but also those involved in programmes of study for continuing professional development
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer-Science/Kluwer Academic Publishers | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142557
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (x, 296 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Education ; Curriculum planning ; Science Study and teaching ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Educational technology. ; Education—Curricula. ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: In our contemporary learning society, expectations about the contribution of education and training continue to rise. Moreover, the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) creates many challenges. These trends affect not only the aims, content and processes of learning, they also have a strong impact on educational design and development approaches in research and professional practices. Prominent researchers from the Netherlands and the USA present their latest findings on these issues in this volume. The major purpose of this book is to discuss current thinking on promising design approaches and to present innovative (computer-based) tools. The book aims to serve as a resource and reference work that will stimulate advancement in the field of education and training. It is intended to be useful in academic settings as well as for professionals in design and development practices
    Description / Table of Contents: I: Design and Development Approaches1. Principles and Methods of Development Research -- 2. Educational Design and Development: An Overview of Paradigms -- 3. Systems Thinking in Instructional Design -- 4. Educational Design and Development: A Study of Dutch Design Practices -- 5. A Relational Approach to Curriculum Design -- 6. Walker’s Deliberative Approach in a Small-scale Project: The SPIN-case -- 7. Design and Development of Third Generation Distance Learning Materials: From an Industrial Second Generation Approach Towards Realizing Third Generation Distance Education -- 8. The Design and Prototyping of Digital Learning Material: Some New Perspectives -- 9. Supporting Instructional Design with an Information System -- 10. Prototyping to Reach Product Quality -- 11. The Potential of Formative Evaluation in Program Design Models -- 12. Instructional Design: A Conceptual Parallel Processor for Navigating Learning Space -- II: Computer-Based Tools for Educational Design and Development -- 13. Characteristics of Computer-based Tools for Education and Training Development: An Introduction -- 14. The Guided Approach to Instructional Design Advising (GAIDA): A Case-based Approach to Developing Instructional Design Expertise -- 15. An EPSS for Instructional Design: NCR’s Quality Information Products Process -- 16. The PLATO® Courseware Development Environment -- 17. Visual Support for Authoring -- 18. Cognitive Tools to Support the Instructional Design of Simulation-based Discovery Learning Environments: The SIMQUEST Authoring System -- 19. CASCADE-SEA. Computer Assisted Curriculum Analysis, Design and Evaluation for Science Education in Africa -- 20. The TeleTOP Decision Support Tool (DST) -- 21. Enabling Technologies to Design, Produce and Exploit Flexible, Electronic Learning Materials -- 22. The IDXelerator™: Learning-Centered Instructional Design -- 23. Intelligent Support for Instructional Development: Approaches and Limits -- Information about Authors.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789401593076
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 317 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Chemistry ; Teachers—Training of. ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Educational technology.
    Abstract: This volume gives an account of the most recent results of research in science education in Europe, based on a selection of papers presented at the First Conference of the European Science Education Research Association held in Rome at the end of 1997. It is an overview of the trends in the different disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, earth science, and physics, as well as in more general subjects, such as science and society, teachers' training, teaching and learning. Compared to the real situation it is a `balanced' picture, adjusted to include similar contributions from all European countries and different fields of research in science education. Consequently, it offers a comparative view of the research activity in countries with different traditions. In these times when all countries have to face problems arising from some inadequacies of their own education systems in relation to the changes that are occurring both at social and technological levels, this book represents a rich and diverse source which can be a starting point of action and reflection for the main actors in the educational system: researchers, policy-makers and teachers
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401592499
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 225 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Curriculum planning ; Education ; Labor economics ; Comparative education. ; International education . ; Education—Curricula. ; Educational technology.
    Abstract: This book takes up the debate about matching vocational education with the labour market and shows progress in terms of theoretical models, tools (transformation and matching processes), and learning environments. The solutions, showing up the need for core or key skills, the necessity of embedding learning skills in authentic and guided learning environments, shows a perspective of research and developmen-tal work to be tested in schools and in workplaces, to find better curricula for a better skilling
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Bridging the Skills Gap: The Search for Powerful Skills, Tools and Techniques1: Skill Formation -- 2 Scenarios of Work, Technology and Education for the Post-2000 Period -- 3 A Sociological Framework for Analysing Labour-Market Influences on Education -- 4 The Role of Labour Market Programmes in Skill Formation: The Case of Sweden -- 2: Matching Methods and Experiences -- 5 Linking School to Work: Methods for Developing Occupational and Training Profiles -- 6 Bringing the Professional Back in -- 7 Towards a Method for the Formulation of Key Qualifications and Core Problems -- 3: Learning, Skills and Curricula -- 8 Inserting Transferable Skills into the Vocational Curriculum -- 9 Integrated Learning of Complex Qualifications -- 10 Increasing Complexity in Vocational Education -- 11 The Acquisition of Broad Occupational Competence in Vocational Education -- 12 Introducing Integrating Management: The Need for New Performance Requirements.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401592697
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (IX, 441 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Learning, Psychology of. ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Educational sociology.
    Abstract: The system of vocational and adult education and training in Europe offers young people and adults the opportunity to learn to play an effective part in the workplace and elsewhere in society. Vocational and adult education and training is increasingly seen as crucial to the maintenance of employment, economic growth and the social integration of disadvantaged groups. In an economy and a society which are increasingly based on knowledge and information, these tasks can only increase in importance. This book brings together contributors from different disciplines and the different countries in Europe to look at current developments and debates in the development of European education and training, including the relation between markets and institutions, learning and organisations, different programmes and sectors and the economics of education and training. The book will be of interest to students, researchers and policy makers concerned with the future of education and training in Europe
    Description / Table of Contents: Vocational and Adult Education in Europeto Section 1 -- Skills-based full employment: the latest philosopher’s stone -- Enhancing the Operation of Markets for Vocational Education and Training -- Market and Institutional Patterns in the Development and Activities of the French Vocational Training System -- Reasons and policies to stimulate lifelong learning -- The Future of Vocational Education and Training -- to Section 2 -- Cross Cutting Themes in the Education of VET Professionals in Europe -- Learning in Work Teams as a Tool for Innovation -- How the Learning Organisation Evolves -- VET systems and criteria for effectiveness -- Searching For Educational Quality -- to Section 3 -- Sectoral Strategies of Labour Market Reform -- Evaluation and Decision Making in Swedish Adult Education -- The Role of Distance Learning in Achieving Lifelong Learning for Community Pharmacists -- Bridging the gap between education and work -- Forming an Educational Policy that meets Practical Needs -- to Section 4 -- Enterprise Related Training: A Survey -- Participation of SMEs’ employees in Continuing Training in the Alentejo Region -- Returns of Labour Market Training under Conditions of Recession -- Outcomes of Vocational Education/Training versus General Education -- Functional Literacy Skills of School Leavers in Flanders.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401142533
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 259 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Learning, Psychology of.
    Abstract: Promoting high standards in education while striving for equal opportunities under the budget constraints - these are the new global objectives of education systems. This book brings together research-based evidence on the effectiveness of major Australian, Dutch, and UK improvement efforts in education at both primary and secondary level, whilst making comparisons with similar US initiatives. The book addresses several major questions in this new environment. Those questions include: how to combat educational disadvantages, how to integrate pupils with special educational needs in regular education, how to implement educational standards initiatives, how to restructure secondary education, how to implement decentralized policy-making, and how to implement a class size reduction initiative? Finally, the authors suggest directions for future research in order to increase our understanding of what works in education and why
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Enduring Problems and Changing Conceptions1.1 Enduring problems -- 1.2 A changing conception of steering -- 1.3 A changing conception of the effective school -- 1.4 A changing conception of evaluation -- 1.5 About this book -- 1.6 References -- 2. Changing Relationships between Centre and Locality in Education -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Deregulation -- 2.3 Privatization -- 2.4 Decentralization -- 2.5 A comparison of differences between areas -- 2.6 References -- 3. The Enhancement of Educational Opportunities of Disadvantaged Children -- 3.1 Prologue -- 3.2 The educational priority policy -- 3.3 The evaluation of the EPP -- 3.4 Recent developments -- 3.5 Epilogue -- 3.6 References -- 4. Integration Policy and Practice -- 4.1 Special education: current situation and main problems -- 4.2 Dutch policymaking concerning integration -- 4.3 The evaluation of the integration policy in The Netherlands -- 4.4 Evaluation -- 4.5 Reflections -- 4.6 References -- 5. The forthcoming Class Size Reduction Initiative -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Context -- 5.3 Conceptual issues -- 5.4 Studies on class size effects -- 5.5 The missing link between class size and achievement -- 5.6 Discussion and implications for future research -- 5.7 References -- 6. Quality and Opportunities in Secondary Education: Implementation and Effects of the Common Core Curriculum -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theoretical background -- 6.3 Design of the evaluation -- 6.4 Results -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 6.6 References -- 7. Evaluating the Impact of a Raising School Standards Initiative -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The external evaluation of the project -- 7.3 Action planning: developing action plans -- 7.4 The impact of MBW: Raising School Standards -- 7.5 Conclusions and implications for other standards initiatives -- 7.6 References -- 8. Systemic, Whole-school Reform of the Middle Years of Schooling -- 8.1 The need for reform -- 8.2 Characteristics and needs of young adolescents -- 8.3 Responsive forms of schooling -- 8.4 Strategic intentions -- 8.5 General design elements of a comprehensive school reform model -- 8.6 Translating strategic intentions into action at the school level -- 8.7 References -- 9. Review and Prospects of Educational Effectiveness Research in The Netherlands -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Research reviews -- 9.3 Prospects and new directions -- 9.4 Conclusions -- 9.5 References -- 10. The Future Agenda of Studies into the Effectiveness of Schools -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The current criticisms of school effectiveness research -- 10.3 ‘Cutting edge’ areas -- 10.4 Conclusions: the end of the beginning -- 10.5 References.
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142571
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. [245]-376)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Keywords: Education ; Educational sociology. ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Education.
    Abstract: This volume, edited by Linda King, brings together contributions on indigenous knowledge, the cultural context of learning and the interplay between so-called `traditional' and `modern' forms of education. Various different communities and cultures are examined, ranging from Egypt to Benin, and from central Brazil to New Caledonia. The contributions bear witness to the extraordinary diversity and richness of educational approaches found in these communities. At the same time, the approach of this volume is to emphasize not so much the exotic nature of otherness and difference, but rather the sense of common humanity which all cultures share with one another and which can lead us to appreciate the universal joy of learning
    Description / Table of Contents: Editorial IntroductionEnfants autochtones et apprentissage: la corporalité comme langage en Amérique du Sud tropicale -- Other Ways to Wisdom: Learning Through the Senses Across Cultures -- Education traditionnelle au Bénin, la place du sacré dans les rites initiatiques -- Community as Classroom: Dilemmas of Valuing African Indigenous Literacy in Education -- Mayan Education in Guatemala: A Pedagogical Model and Its Political Context -- Islamic Versus Western Conceptions of Education: Reflections on Egypt -- New Caledonia: Coutume and Culture in Education/Pierre Clanché -- Learning Through the Soul: Concepts Relating to Learning and Knowledge in the Mayan Cultures of Mexico -- Book Reviews.
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  • 56
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    Online Resource
    Boston : Springer Science | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401143998
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 266 p) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 48
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Economic policy ; Educational tests and measurements. ; Economic policy.
    Abstract: Measuring Up revisits vital issues of equity and assessment through the research efforts and insights of many of the nation's most prominent educators and assessment experts. As its most urgent purpose, the publication aims to sensitize readers to the unfairness and inappropriate uses of testing instruments which under optimal circumstances have the potential to benefit all students. With America fervently espousing both national and state testing, the differential performance by race and social class raises the specter of tests as barriers to life milestones such as promotion, graduation, and college admissions. In response to such punitive testing, the papers included here explore a host of models and practices that are currently being piloted both in America and abroad as educators grapple with the effects the assessment is having on minority and disadvantaged students and school systems. In the process, outcomes of innovative portfolio and authentic assessments are weighed against important standards and principles of validity and consequences. As the various authors probe the gap between African-American and White test scores, they raise important questions of resources, family background and educational opportunity. Beyond their value of their recommendations to educators, their papers help to identify causes of pupil deficiencies in ways that can be addressed by policymakers. To reinforce the emphasis on equity, several authors present a definitive defense of affirmative action as a critical counter-measure to the lack of fairness in school quality, family and social supports, and educational resources
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  • 57
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    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9780203016701 , 9781138179301 , 9781135727819 , 9781135727802 , 9781135727765
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has been the focus of much debate and development within education, especially in the primary sector. This text offers tried and tested ideas for using IT effectively across the whole primary curriculum
    Note: English
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : University of Ottawa Press / Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa
    ISBN: 9780776615967
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (189 p.)
    Series Statement: Mentor Series
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In this book, McHenry challenges the still-regnant paradigm of knowledge acquisition as the end and means of schooling, supplanting it with an inquiry into what knowledge is. Tracing the development of the idea of knowledge from its roots in Descartes and Locke through the ontological turn in Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and Buber, he provides an alternative rationale and vocabulary for a practice of schooling that engages teachers with students in 〈i〉being-together-and-inventing. 〈/i〉Philosophically centered though accessibly written, with examples from the author’s personal experiences with his own child and his students, the book engages the reader in inquiry rather than argument, leaving her not with a list of tips and prescriptions, but with a capacity for encounter with the actual persons in her classroom
    Note: English
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    s.l. : University of Ottawa Press / Les Presses de l’Université d’Ottawa
    ISBN: 9780776604558 , 9780776615967
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 electronic resource (189 p.))
    Keywords: Education ; Electronic books
    Abstract: In this book, McHenry challenges the still-regnant paradigm of knowledge acquisition as the end and means of schooling, supplanting it with an inquiry into what knowledge is. Tracing the development of the idea of knowledge from its roots in Descartes and Locke through the ontological turn in Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and Buber, he provides an alternative rationale and vocabulary for a practice of schooling that engages teachers with students in 〈i〉being-together-and-inventing. 〈/i〉Philosophically centered though accessibly written, with examples from the author’s personal experiences with his own child and his students, the book engages the reader in inquiry rather than argument, leaving her not with a list of tips and prescriptions, but with a capacity for encounter with the actual persons in her classroom
    Note: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stamford, Conn. : JAI
    ISBN: 9781849508865 , 1849508860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 online resource (xiii, 202 p.)
    Series Statement: Studies in educational ethnography volume 2
    Series Statement: Studies in educational ethnography
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Ethnology Methodology ; Ethnology ; Philosophy & theory of education. ; Social & cultural anthropology. ; Social Science ; Education ; Ethnology ; Methodology ; Philosophy & theory of education ; Social & cultural anthropology ; Social Science ; Methodology ; Education ; Research
    Abstract: The series as a whole recognises that the nature of ethnography is contested, and takes this to be a sign of its strength and vitality. This second volume in the series focuses on debates and developments in methodology and the many ways in which ethnographic work interacts with education. The contributions to this volume are diverse and challenging. They indicate that ethnography is a rich field that has much to offer the study of education. Particular chapters are concerned with access to research sites, critical ethnography, text construction, dilemmas of researching different ethnic groups and or researching children, the influence of the researcher, writing ethnography, ethno-drama, and the concept of triangulation.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Parallel als Druck-Ausg. erschienen , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    London : Macmillan Education UK
    ISBN: 9781349273065
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Breakthrough Language Series
    DDC: 407.1
    Keywords: Education ; Language and education ; Language and languages Study and teaching
    Abstract: A new approach to the teaching of Mandarin Chinese, this course concentrates on the essentials needed for everyday situations while travelling in China and provides a sound basis for further study. Based on authentic recordings made on location in Beijing, it exposes the learner to the genuine sound of the language, supported by carefully explained notes and scripted studio recordings with a wealth of practice activities. Unlike other Mandarin Chinese courses it focuses heavily on listening and speaking skills, backed up by simple, clear but short grammar explanations and exercises. One page in each of the fifteen units is devoted to providing fascinating background detail about China and the Chinese. Pinyin is used throughout rather than the Chinese characters
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9781137109521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XV, 175 p)
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; International education ; Comparative education ; Educational policy ; ducation and state ; Teaching ; Human rights ; Ethnicity ; Social justice
    Abstract: As the end of the century draws closer, one of the most pressing challenges facing educators in the United States is the specter of an 'ethnic and cultural war' - a code phrase that engenders our society's licentiousness toward racism. In Dancing With Bigotry, Macedo and Bartolomé use examples from the mass media, popular culture, and politics to illustrate the larger situations facing educators and how this type of argument is both ignored in much of the academic research and rhetoric. They also examine why it is essential to take on the sources of 'mass public education.' Academia needs to understand that the popular press and mass media educate more people about issues regarding ethnicity and race than all other sources of education available to U.S. citizens. By shunning the mass media, educators are missing the obvious - more public education is done by the media than by teachers, professors, or anyone else. Dancing with Bigotry sheds light on the ideological mechanisms that shape and maintain the racist social order, while moving the discussion beyond the reductionist binarism of White versus Black racism. Discussing social complexities, including ethnic cleansing, culture wars, hegemony, human sufferings, and intensified xenophobia, Macedo and Bartolomé explain why it is essential that we gain a nuanced understanding of how ideology underlies all social, cultural, and political discourse and actions. This book shows that it is imperative that we appreciate what it means to educate for critical citizenry in the ever-increasing multiracial and multicultural world of the twentieth century
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264173125
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (84 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves ; Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer les connaissances et compétences des élèves : Un nouveau cadre d'évaluation
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Are students well prepared to meet the challenges of the future? Parents, students, the public and those who run education systems need to know whether children are acquiring the necessary skills and knowledge to become tomorrow's citizens and to continue learning throughout life. International indicators can describe the levels of achievement in various countries, to which others might aspire. They can provide direction for schools' instructional efforts and for students' learning as well as insights into curriculum strengths and weaknesses. The 29 Member countries of the OECD, together with other countries, have launched the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to develop such indicators on a regular basis. PISA aims at assessing how far students approaching the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. A New Framework for Assessment, the first volume in the PISA series, provides the conceptual framework on which the PISA 2000 assessment is based. It defines the domains of reading literacy, mathematics literacy and scientific literacy forming the core of PISA in terms of the content that students need to acquire, the processes that need to be performed, and the contexts in which knowledge and skills are applied. It also describes the methods developed to ensure that the assessment tasks are valid across countries, are strong at measuring relevant skills and are based on authentic life situations.
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands | Dordrecht : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789401154703
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (2 v. in 1 (xiii, 576 p.)) , ill
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: New ICMI Studies Series 4
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Mathematics.
    Abstract: The present book is the result of the reflection of many individuals in mathematics education on this and related questions. Is mathematics education a science? Is it a discipline? In what sense? What is its place within other domains of research and academic disciplines? What accounts for its specificity? In the book, the reader will find a range of possible answers to these questions, a variety of analyses of the actual directions of research in different countries, and a number of visions for the future of research in mathematics education. The book is a result of an ICMI Study, whose theme was formulated as: `What is Research in Mathematics Education and What are Its Results?'. One important outcome of this study was the realization of the reasons for the difficulty of the questions that the study was posing, leading possibly to a set of other questions, better suited to the actual concerns and research practices of mathematics education researchers
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Series Statement: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Abstract: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789401152266
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: New ICMI Study Series 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematics ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; History.
    Abstract: In recent years geometry seems to have lost large parts of its former central position in mathematics teaching in most countries. However, new trends have begun to counteract this tendency. There is an increasing awareness that geometry plays a key role in mathematics and learning mathematics. Although geometry has been eclipsed in the mathematics curriculum, research in geometry has blossomed as new ideas have arisen from inside mathematics and other disciplines, including computer science. Due to reassessment of the role of geometry, mathematics educators and mathematicians face new challenges. In the present ICMI study, the whole spectrum of teaching and learning of geometry is analysed. Experts from all over the world took part in this study, which was conducted on the basis of recent international research, case studies, and reports on actual school practice. This book will be of particular interest to mathematics educators and mathematicians who are involved in the teaching of geometry at all educational levels, as well as to researchers in mathematics education
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163041
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (180 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'école à la page ; Formation continue et perfectionnement professionnel des enseignants
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Staying ahead
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Lehrerbildung ; Lehrerfortbildung
    Abstract: Society demands more of its schools and teachers than ever before. It expects them to provide broader access to high quality teaching, for an increasingly diverse student body, often with specific needs. In a rapidly-changing world, so do these demands on teachers change. To stay ahead, in-service training and professional development must take place on a regular basis, so that teachers are "reflective practitioners" in their classrooms and schools become "learning organisations". This publication focuses on what is being done in teacher development to meet these ideals -- new policies and innovative practices -- in eight OECD countries: Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (England and Wales), and the United States.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'école à la page
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264163102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redéfinir l'enseignement tertiaire
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Redefining tertiary education
    Keywords: Hochschulreform ; Hochschulpolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education
    Abstract: Given the current trends and developments across OECD Member countries, a new and dynamic vision for tertiary education is called for. Higher levels of participation at the tertiary level, driven strongly by demands reflecting the diverse interests of students, employers and society at large, have created challenges which must be met. How should tertiary education better respond to the interests and choices of clients, students foremost among them? What should be done to adapt teaching methods or restructure the curricula? How should the needs of those not currently served in the first years of tertiary education be addressed? How should governments interact with large, diverse tertiary education systems, comprised of varied and increasingly autonomous providers? This volume also examines how best to mobilize the energies and expertise of staffs and institutions as well as partners, and how to secure adequate resources and improve efficiency in the face of greater competition for public funds. The findings, analyses and conclusions presented in this publication will serve as a basis for debate, reflection and exchange as all parties seek to strengthen and extend the contributions of tertiary education to economic and social well-being for all.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Redéfinir l'enseignement tertiaire
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264163423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Programme on Educational Building - PEB Papers
    DDC: 370
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Recent years have seen a number of initiatives which seek to provide a range of community services on school sites, including adult education and other social and welfare services. These developments aim at co-ordinating more effectively services which are usually provided separately while optimizing the use of increasingly sophisticated and expensive educational buildings and equipment. However, providing integrated services "under one roof" poses a number of practical problems. What is the rationale for integrated service provision? What are the implications for the local authorities, planners and architects in charge of designing school sites that meet new requirements? This report presents the main lessons learned from a conference held in Stockholm, drawing on case studies from Finland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Quebec, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The case studies provide a wealth of examples of solutions to the challenge of optimizing the use of existing schools by better integrating them into local communities and by promoting new synergies with other services.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enseigner la conception durable dans les écoles
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This article explores three ways in which students may be taught about environmentally sustainable design. The first is through the passive example of the school premises. The second is through architects-in-schools schemes, with reference to the school premises. And the third is through environmental assessment by students of the school premises. Examples are given of how each of these addresses sustainable design and of how they may be combined to do so.
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  • 71
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'écologisation de l'école en Autriche
    Keywords: Education ; Austria
    Abstract: Austria is one of 10 countries involved in the OECD CERI (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation) Environment and School Initiatives (ENSI) project. Begun in 1986, ENSI is one of the first international projects to promote development and research in ambitious, environment-oriented instruction. In Austria, there is an ‘Ecologisation of Schools’ (ECOLOG) programme which currently involves 22 pilot schools, from primary to secondary technical school level, participating in the ENSI project.
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  • 72
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Visite de trois bibliothèques scolaires parisiennes
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: An architect and a librarian from the Albania Educational Development Program were in Paris for the PEB Experts’ Meeting on Libraries and Resource Centres for Tertiary Education. While in town, they visited three public schools – an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school – for ideas on the planning and use of libraries based on French examples. This brief report of their tour illustrates contemporary practice.
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  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le foyer d'étude aux Pays-Bas : De nouvelles conceptions pour de nouvelles pédagogies
    Keywords: Education ; Netherlands
    Abstract: As a result of feedback by employers and tertiary institutions, an innovative form of “learning architecture” is emerging in secondary schools in the Netherlands. Dutch curriculum authorities decided that an entirely new approach was required. In an environment that is far removed from the traditional classroom, the Study House will give students in the public school system the opportunity to work in teams and set their own tasks, preparing them for higher education and the workplace.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La tempête de verglas : mesures prises face à une catastrophe naturelle au Québec
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: When a severe freeze hit Quebec in January 1998, schools and universities were forced to remain closed for up to 23 days. Here is an account of how school authorities handled the crisis and the lessons they learned.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation de l'enseignement tertiaire
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PEB, in co-operation with the Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE), hosted an experts meeting to determine how existing libraries for tertiary education may be adapted and new ones conceived to meet the future needs of the students, institutions and communities concerned.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
    ISBN: 9789264163829
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Programmes scolaires ; Mode d'emploi
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Centre pour la Recherche et l'Innovation dans l'Enseignement Making the curriculum work
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Lehrplan ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Sozialer Wandel ; Strukturwandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Curriculum planning ; Curriculum evaluation ; Curriculum change ; OECD ; Curriculum
    Abstract: How can curriculum content be adjusted to tomorrow's needs? Can student assessment help make curricula more relevant? How can further training for teachers make their teaching more effective? These questions lie at the heart of curriculum reform, which is unanimously ranked among the top priorities in education, but often approached too narrowly. To be truly effective, curricula must be fully consistent with both teaching practice and education policy. They must also equip students for the challenge of lifelong learning. Making the Curriculum Work approaches these interlinked imperatives via detailed analysis of the most recent experience and innovation in a number of countries, throwing new light on the curriculum issue.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Programmes scolaires
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing and Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
    ISBN: 9789264163195
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (436 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Coordonner les services pour les enfants et jeunes à risque ; Une perspective mondiale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Co-ordinating services for children and youth at risk
    DDC: 362.7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Abbrecher ; Schüler ; Jugendhilfe ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Unterprivilegierung ; Heranwachsender ; Jugendhilfe
    Abstract: Some 15 to 30 per cent of our children and youth are at risk of failing in school where learning and behaviour problems touch ever younger children. In many countries with very different political and cultural backgrounds, these challenges are being met by increasing the co-ordination of education, health and social services, a process often galvanised by a broader involvement, extending to business and senior citizens. This is more than merely tinkering with statutory systems of service provision. Current services are mismatched; our vision of the family and its needs is changing along with the balance between prevention and remediation, and the ways that professionals work together. This book provides the detailed stories of how this process has developed in seven OECD countries: Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, and the United States. It looks at system change from the points of view of policy-makers, managers, practitioners and service users. It provides information on the background to the changes, highlighting what was provided to help the changes happen and investigating the process of change and the outcomes of the reforms. The scope of the work is broad: it covers pre-school, school age and transition to work.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concours d'architecture pour un collège suisse
    Keywords: Education ; Switzerland
    Abstract: The provision of new schools in established urban areas poses specific design challenges that are not common to schools on green field sites: Proposals to build a new secondary school close to the busy commercial centre of the city of Geneva posed just such a challenge and to meet it the authorities organised a two stage architectural competition.
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  • 79
    ISBN: 9789264163638
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Italie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Italie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: OECD's 1998 review of Italy's education system. It finds that a major reform of the entire Italian education and training system is in progress, aiming at the improvement and integration of learning in schools, universities and regional training institutions in order to respond to changing social and economic demands for knowledge, skills and qualifications. Fundamental changes will include the decentralisation of administrative responsibilities and increased school autonomy, enabling the grassroot actors in education and training to respond more flexibly to the diversity of individual, local and enterprise needs and to utilise more effectively available funds and technologies. Central elements in the reform will also provide evaluation and increased accountability across the system. The OECD examiners support these objectives and suggest a number of strategies to strengthen the implementation of the reform goals. They underline the need for broad societal agreement on these goals and the mobilisation of all the parties involved in order to achieve the wide-ranging changes which are envisaged.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'utilisation des terrains scolaires
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This is the first time that the topic of school grounds has been selected for an OECD seminar in the Programme on Educational Building (PEB). Indeed, it is probably the first time that an international event has been wholly devoted to this important area...
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264162860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Fédération de Russie 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Fédération de Russie 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: Education is a powerful force in building the new Russia: it can help its citizens meet the challenges of the new, emerging democratic society; develop in its labour force the talents, skills and dispositions required in the new economic and social setting; and harmonise national aims with regional concerns. The challenge to the education system in the Russian Federation is especially great because so many other social and economic systems are undergoing transition and reform simultaneously. Against the present context of fluid and uncertain conditions and significant financial constraint, school policies need to promote and support the adaptation and restructuring of curricula while reinforcing evident strengths in current provision and fostering the development of new, effective partnerships at national, regional and local levels. This report describes the most recent trends in schooling and education policy in the Russian Federation, and analyses the education reform initiatives under way. While supporting the overall policy trends now under way, its recommendations draw attention to particular problems and share new perspectives as well as identify ways to consolidate the ongoing reforms. Recommendations are offered for education goals, access and opportunity for all; curriculum and assessment; teachers and teacher education; reforming vocational and technical education within a changing economy; and management, finance and the role of government.
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concours canadien de financement des infrastructures de recherche
    Keywords: Education ; Canada
    Abstract: Late last year the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) announced the launch of a national competition for funding infrastructure projects in Canadian research institutions.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264162891
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain ; Une comparaison internationale
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'investissement dans le capital humain : Une comparaison internationale
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of knowledge, skills and competencies are essential to their future security and success. Investment in skills and competencies takes place in a variety of settings ranging from early childhood education to informal learning in the workplace, and involves a wide range of actors from individuals to enterprises and governments. This report aims to clarify what is now known about human capital and how it can be measured. It responds to a request by governments represented in the OECD Council "to develop an initial set of indicators of human capital investment based on existing data, analyse areas where significant gaps remain in internationally comparable data, identify the cost of development of data collection for new measures and performance indicators, and report to Ministers in 1998".
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La maison 'la plus intelligente' du monde : Créée par l'équipe de Département Boulder de l'Université du Colorado
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A former schoolhouse, more than 90 years old, is now what may be the world’s ‘smartest house’, a dwelling whose environment is controlled by a computer system that learns the occupant’s daily habits and preferences.
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264162969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (208 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation ; Corée 1998
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens des politiques nationales d'éducation : Corée 1998
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: In the last 40 years, educational provision in Korea has grown at a rate unprecedented among OECD countries. Modern systems of education and training have been created, and rates of expansion have kept pace with demand for elementary, secondary, university and other forms of tertiary education. Despite these impressive gains, the Korean education system needs improvements to respond positively and creatively to the challenges of globalisation, the electronic revolution and the advent of society based on knowledge and information. This review covers the entire education and training system, including vocational and tertiary education. It assesses the main directions of the reform proposals put forward by the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform in May 1995. It makes recommendations for improvements in such key areas as: access to education and training opportunities within the context of lifelong learning; quality of learning to foster creativity at all levels; improving the inner dynamics of the education and training system to provide a reformed, decentralised system; and the knowledge and information base for the effective performance of the education and training system.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.1998/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le lycée pilote innovant de Poitiers : Futuroscope - 10 ans déjà
    Keywords: Education ; France
    Abstract: The Innovative Pilot High School is part of the Futuroscope complex near Poitiers in the Department of Vienne, eastern France. Designed and financed by the Department, the Futuroscope is the only complex in Europe based on creating a synergy between the activities of leisure, work, technology, training and education. The concept of a theme park, surrounded by a high technology development, unlike any other, was first conceived in mid-1983.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264162273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (396 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Pathways and participation in vocational and technical education and training
    DDC: 370.11/3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Technische Berufe ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Europäische Union ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: The OECD countries have widely differing traditions regarding basic vocational training. This publication, prepared as part of the VOTEC project on "The Changing Role of Vocational and Technical Education and Training", is designed to help towards a better understanding of the internal logic and workings of these different systems. Education and training systems propose differentiated and interconnected pathways, each of which can be broken down into a series of programmes. But what are the factors that explain participation of young people in VOTEC and the way it has developed over time? A number of answers have been formulated and are examined here in the light of ten national reports.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Itinéraires et participation dans l'enseignement technique et la formation professionnelle
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9789401713887
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIX, 353 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 3
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Educational technology.
    Abstract: The third volume in the series Educational Innovation in Economics and Business contains a unique selection of articles describing different aspects of the development of innovative platforms for business education. It is a comprehensive examination of how business educators may develop innovative learning platforms. It describes new educational technologies like action-based learning, problem-based learning, student-centred education, partnerships between education and business and computer-based education. The focus of this edited volume is not only business education as such, but it also examines the influence of other disciplines on business education. Audience: Teachers in higher and further education, trainers at corporate education centers, and educational psychologists, as well as university or faculty administrators involved in innovative practices in business education
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789401152686
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 395 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Education—Philosophy. ; Learning. ; Instruction. ; Educational technology.
    Abstract: This second volume in the series Educational Innovation in Economics and Business is dedicated to the theme of quality in business and economics education. The first volume focused on problem-based learning. This one shares a strong emphasis on innovative educational technology that puts the student in an active position and so makes the switch from teaching to learning. Alongside problem-based learning, examples of such student-centred modes of education discussed in several contributions to this volume are: experiential learning, resource-based learning, research learning and computer-based learning. The question of quality arises in any curriculum, whether student-centred or teacher-centred. So another group of papers discusses the general issue of quality audit, quality assessment and quality improvement in higher education. Special attention is paid to the role student assessment and student feedback play in achieving and maintaining a high level of quality. This volume addresses itself to teachers in higher and further education, trainers at corporate education centres, and educational psychologists as well as university or faculty administrators involved in curriculum design
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401148504
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 46
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Personnel management.
    Abstract: The purpose of Evaluating Corporate Training is to provide training professionals in business and industry, and students of human resources development, with an overview of current models and issues in educational evaluation. This book will provide students of educational evaluation, practitioners in training functions, their managers, and other HRD professionals with insights that will advance the profession and the clients it serves. The book is organized around three themes: context, models, and issues. The chapters in the context section are intended to provide the reader with an understanding of the social, organizational, and interpersonal factors that provide background and give meaning to evaluation practice. The models section brings together contributions from some of the most influential thinkers and practitioners in the field. The chapters in this section provide perspective on the dominant themes and emergent trends from individuals who have been, and continue to be, the drivers of those trends. Contributions to the issues section highlight some pervasive themes as well as illuminating new areas of concern and interest that will affect how we assess learning interventions in the organizations of today and tomorrow
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1994
    Parallel Title: Filmer, Deon Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-- or tears
    Keywords: Education ; Wealth ; Education ; Wealth
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 1980
    Parallel Title: Filmer, Deon The effect of household wealth on educational attainment
    Keywords: Education ; Educational attainment ; Wealth ; Education ; Educational attainment ; Wealth
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821343149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxvi, 137 p) , ill , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausgabe World Bank E-Library Archive Sonstige Standardnummer des Gesamttitels: 041181-4
    Series Statement: A World Bank country study
    Parallel Title: Reproduktion von Ethiopia
    DDC: 306/.0963
    Keywords: Erziehung ; Soziales System ; Sozialpolitik ; Ethiopia Social conditions 1974- ; Ethiopia Social policy ; Äthiopien ; Education ; Ethiopia ; Äthiopien ; Sozialpolitik ; Äthiopien ; Soziales System
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-l37) , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:c1998
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 94
    ISBN: 0203980468 , 9780203980460
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (ix, 294 p.)
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: Studies in Development Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Feminist visions of development
    DDC: 305.42
    Keywords: Sex role Developing countries ; Feminism Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Women in development ; Sex role ; Feminism ; Women ; Education ; Population ; Reproductive Medicine ; Policy Making ; Developing Countries ; Feminism ; Sex role ; Women in development ; SOCIAL SCIENCE ; Feminism & Feminist Theory ; Developing countries ; Electronic books ; Electronic books ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Interrogating development: feminism, gender and policy / Ruth Pearson and Cecile Jackson -- Who needs [sex] when you can have [gender]? conflicting discourses on gender at Beijing / Sally Baden and Anne Marie Goetz -- Rescuing gender from the poverty trap / Cecile Jackson -- Analysing women's movements / Maxine Molyneux -- Jumping to conclusions?: struggles over meaning and method in the study of household economics / Naila Kabeer -- Famine and transformation in gender relations / Jocelyn Kynch -- Gender, power and contestation: 'rethinking bargaining with patriarchy' / Deniz Kandiyoti -- Talking to the boys: gender and economic growth models / Diane Elson -- 'Nimble fingers' revisited: reflections on women and Third World industrialization in the late twentieth century / Ruth Pearson -- Female and male grain marketing systems: analytical and policy issues for West Africa and India / Barbara Harriss-White -- Gender analysis of family planning: beyond the 'feminist vs. population control' debate / Ines Smyth -- Silver bullet or passing fancy?: girls' schooling and population policy / Patricia Jeffery and Roger Jeffery -- Questionable links: approaches to gender in environmental research and policy / Cathy Green, Susan Joekes and Melissa Leach.
    Abstract: In the wake of the 4th World Conference on Women this volume brings together leading gender and development scholars who interrogate the last twenty years of work in this area. Feminist Visions of Development throws fresh light on key issues including: * gender and the environment * education * population * reproductive rights * industrialisation * macroeconomic policy * poverty. Inspired by recent feminist theoretical work, it re-examines previous structural analysis and opens the way for further research in the field
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : National Academy Press
    ISBN: 0585143714 , 9780585143712
    Language: English
    Pages: Online Ressource (ix, 24 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Series Statement: The compass series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Welfare, the family, and reproductive behavior
    DDC: 306.8743
    Keywords: Unmarried mothers Congresses ; United States ; Single-parent families Congresses ; United States ; Welfare recipients Congresses ; United States ; Public welfare Congresses ; United States ; Aid to families with dependent children programs Congresses ; United States ; Public welfare Congresses ; Aid to families with dependent children programs Congresses ; Single-parent families Congresses ; Unmarried mothers Congresses ; Welfare recipients Congresses ; Sexual Behavior ; Reproductive Behavior ; Fertility ; Marriage ; Program Evaluation ; Abortion, Induced ; Demography ; Economics ; Family Planning Services ; Financial Management ; Financing, Government ; Health ; Organization and Administration ; Population ; Population Dynamics ; Public Assistance ; Child Welfare ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Electronic books United States ; Aid to families with dependent children programs ; Public welfare ; Conference papers and proceedings ; Single-parent families ; Electronic books ; Conference papers and proceedings ; Unmarried mothers ; Welfare recipients ; FAMILY & RELATIONSHIPS ; Parenting ; Motherhood ; United States ; United States ; Electronic books ; Congress ; Technical Report ; Electronic books Conference proceedings ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: The changing circumstances of marriage and fertility in the United States / Christine A. Bachrach -- Trends in the welfare system / Rebecca M. Blank -- The effect of welfare on marriage and fertility / Robert A. Moffitt -- Welfare reform and abortion / Jacob Alex Klerman -- Changing family formation behavior through welfare reform / Rebecca Maynard [and others] -- The effects of welfare on child outcomes / Janet Currie.
    Abstract: This booklet describes the proceedings of a workshop entitled "Effects of Welfare on Reproductive Behavior and the Family in the US." It summarizes trends in marriage, fertility, and the welfare system, and describes the effects of welfare on marriage, fertility, abortion, and the family. Research and evaluation needs are indicated and justified. The prevailing view among participants was that research does matter with regard to policy, but that it is also necessary to evaluate new program changes. Data and methods need improvement, and too little research has focused on replications, robustness studies, and reconciliation of disparate findings. Research is made more difficult due to the lack of clarity about which Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) rules prevail in different states at varying times. Matching survey data with welfare rules will be made more difficult as states diverge more under the 1996 AFDC Act. Efforts need to be made to improve the availability of data. Some participants desired more studies of the impact of welfare on children and marriage. One participant's review of 8 large federal programs found that in-kind transfers providing direct benefits to children had clearer and larger impacts than cash transfers or housing. Few studies addressed how the AFDC or proposed alternatives impact on family life. Several participants suggested designing new welfare programs to encourage child support payments. Most research addressed the impact on work-related behavior. There was some consensus that welfare has a positive effect on fertility and a negative effect on marriage, but the magnitude is uncertain. Research has not explained why nonmarital childbearing has increased, while welfare benefits have declined, since the 1980s
    Note: "This report summarizes presentations and discussions at the Workshop on Effects of Welfare on Reproductive Behavior and the Family, organized by the Committee on Population and the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, in Washington, DC, May 2-3, 1996"--Ack. - Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-22). - Description based on print version record
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401152044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (274 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Curriculum planning ; Education ; Labor economics ; Education—Curricula. ; Personnel management.
    Abstract: In today's rapidly changing world a constant renewal of knowledge and skills in every human endeavour can be observed. The characteristics of workers and the jobs that they perform have been attended by technological, social, and political change on a global scale. New forms of employment have made work more mobile to an extent never experienced before. An increasing proportion of workers no longer need come to their employer's job site in order to do their work. The instability of employment is creating a new breed of workers who know how to move efficiently from one job to another. As a consequence workers need flexible qualifications to perform jobs. Key qualifications are the answer! Key qualifications provide the key to rapid and effective acquisition of new knowledge and skills. First, qualifications enable workers to react effectively to, and exercise initiative in, changes to their work. Second, qualifications enable workers to shape their own career in a time of diminishing job security, nowadays frequently defined as `employability'
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. The Demarcation Issue: Introduction1: The meaning of key qualifications -- 2. Qualifying for the Future -- 3. The Many Meanings of Occupational Competence and Qualification -- 4. Qualification and Labour Markets: Institutionalisation and Individualisation -- 5. The German ‘Berufsprinzip’ as a Model for Regulating Training Content and Qualification Standards -- 2: Qualification systems and programmes -- 6. The Demarcation Line in Funding for School-Based Vocational Education and Training in the United States -- 7. A Converging System? Explaining Difference in the Academic and Vocational Tracks in England -- 8. New Structures and New Contents in Dutch Vocational Education -- 9. General Versus Vocational Education - Demarcation and Integration -- 3: Key qualifications in research and practice -- 10. Occupational Standards and Business Ethics -- 11. Designing Effective Learning Programs for the Development of a Broad Occupational Competence -- 12. Generic Skills at Work: Implications for Occupationally-Oriented Education -- 13. Competence Based Assessment. Does it Shift the Demarcation Lines? -- 14. The Knowledge and Skills of Economics Graduates and their Significance on the Labour Market -- 4: Reflections -- 15. Moving Beyond Traditional Vocational Education and Training: Emerging Issues -- List of Contributors.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789401149440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXVI, 1365 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: Kluwer International Handbooks of Education 5
    Series Statement: Springer International Handbooks of Education 5
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Curriculum planning ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Education—Curricula.
    Abstract: The International Handbook of Educational Change is a state of the art collection of the most important ideas and evidence of educational change. The book brings together some of the most influential thinkers and writers on educational change. It deals with issues like educational innovation, reform, restructuring, culture-building, inspection, school-review, and change management. It asks why some people resist change and what their resistance means. It looks at how men and women, older teachers and younger teachers, experience change differently. It looks at the positive aspects of change but does not hesitate to raise uncomfortable questions about many aspects of educational change either. It looks critically and controversially at the social, economic, cultural and political forces that are driving educational change. School leaders, system administration, teacher leaders, consultants, facilitators, educational researchers, staff developers and change agents of all kinds will find this book an indispensable resource for guiding them to both classic and cutting-edge understandings of educational change, no other work provides as comprehensive coverage of the field of educational change
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
    ISBN: 9789401150323
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 234 p) , online resource
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Education ; Science Philosophy ; Mathematics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Abstract: Constructivism is one of the most influential theories in contemporary education and learning theory. It has had great influence in science education. The papers in this collection represent, arguably, the most sustained examination of the theoretical and philosophical foundations of constructivism yet published. Topics covered include: orthodox epistemology and the philosophical traditions of constructivism; the relationship of epistemology to learning theory; the connection between philosophy and pedagogy in constructivist practice; the difference between radical and social constructivism, and an appraisal of their epistemology; the strengths and weaknesses of the Strong Programme in the sociology of science and implications for science education. The book contains an extensive bibliography. Contributors include philosophers of science, philosophers of education, science educators, and cognitive scientists. The book is noteworthy for bringing this diverse range of disciplines together in the examination of a central educational topic
    Description / Table of Contents: Introductory Comments on Philosophy and Constructivism in Science EducationCognition, Construction of Knowledge, and Teaching -- Constructivism in Science and in Science Education: A Philosophical Critique -- Constructivism Deconstructed -- Constructivism Reconstructed: A Reply to Suchting -- Constructivisms and Relativisms: A Shopper’s Guid -- Constructivisms and Objectivity: Disentangling Metaphysics from Pedagog -- Social Constructivism, the Gospel of Science, and the Teaching of Physics -- Coming to Terms with Radical Social Constructivisms -- Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and Science Educatio -- Reflections on Peter Slezak and the’ sociology of Scientific Knowledge’ -- Educational Constructivism and Philosophy: Some References -- NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS -- NAME INDEX.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9780203974841 , 9780415158350 , 9781134726011 , 9781134726004 , 9781134725960
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Education in Scotland is markedly different from what happens in the rest of the UK - with a different National Curriculum, school boards to oversee school management and a General Teaching Council which has been in existence since 1965. Whilst there are many examples of successful and innovative practice in Scotland, the system is quite often not recognised as different by writers who talk about the UK education system as if it were one smooth whole. This book describes recent developments in both legislation and practice in Scotland, drawing comparisons with the Eng system. Chapters cover: * administration and management * the professional competence of teachers * early years education provision * the 'National Curriculum' in Scotland * Secondary Education * Special Educational Needs
    Note: English
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : Taylor & Francis
    ISBN: 9780203974841
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Education in Scotland is markedly different from what happens in the rest of the UK - with a different National Curriculum, school boards to oversee school management and a General Teaching Council which has been in existence since 1965. Whilst there are many examples of successful and innovative practice in Scotland, the system is quite often not recognised as different by writers who talk about the UK education system as if it were one smooth whole. This book describes recent developments in both legislation and practice in Scotland, drawing comparisons with the Eng system. Chapters cover: * administration and management * the professional competence of teachers * early years education provision * the 'National Curriculum' in Scotland * Secondary Education * Special Educational Needs
    Note: English
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
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