Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,184)
  • HBZ  (11)
  • Online Resource  (3,192)
  • 2010-2014  (3,192)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (3,124)
  • Leiden : Brill
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Journal of African archaeology (2003-)
    Leiden : Brill | Frankfurt, M. : Africa-Magna-Verlag ; 1.2003 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2191-5784 , 1612-1651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2003 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Journal of African archaeology
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Archäologie ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Archäologie
    Note: Gesehen am 06.07.2019
    URL: https://brill.com/jaa
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2755701
    URL: https://brill.com/jaa
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2755701
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://brill.com/jaa
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2755701-7
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://brill.com/jaa
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2755701-7
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://brill.com/jaa
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jafriarch
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2755701-7
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    München BSB
    München UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    BVB
    HBZ
    Bayreuth UB
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Encyclopaedia of Islam (2006-)
    Leiden : Brill
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3912 , 1873-9830 , 1873-9830
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Additional Information: Enthält Encyclopaedia of Islam new edition online (EI-2 English)
    Additional Information: Enthält The encyclopaedia of Islam three online
    Additional Information: Enthält Encyclopaedia of Islam, second edition, glossary and index of terms
    Additional Information: Enthält Historical Atlas of Islam
    Series Statement: BrillOnline Reference Works
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The encyclopaedia of Islam
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The encyclopaedia of Islam
    Former Title: Encyclopaedia of Islam online
    DDC: 290
    RVK:
    BE 8600
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Wörterbuch ; Islam ; Geschichte
    Note: Gesehen am 22.05.2024
    URL: https://dbis.ur.de/frontdoor.php?titel_id=6709
    URL: https://dbis.ur.de/frontdoor.php?titel_id=7171
    URL: https://referenceworks.brill.com/eio
    URL: http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/cluster/Encyclopaedia%20of%20Islam
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern law (1994-)
    Buffalo, NY : HeinOnline | Leiden : Brill ; 1.1994(1995) -
    Details
    ISSN: 2211-2987 , 1384-2935 , 1384-2935
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1994(1995) -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern law
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Naher Osten ; Arabische Staaten ; Rechtswissenschaft ; University of London Centre of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law ; Islamisches Recht
    Note: Gesehen am 13.08.20 , Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2603043
    URL: https://brill.com/view/journals/yimo/yimo-overview.xml
    URL: http://heinonline.org
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Behaviour : an international journal of behavioural biology (1947-)
    Leiden : Brill ; Vol. 1, part 1 (1947)-
    Details
    ISSN: 1568-539X , 0005-7959
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Vol. 1, part 1 (1947)-
    Additional Information: Suppl. Behaviour / Supplement. Supplement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Behaviour
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 14.07.2022
    URL: https://brill.com/beh
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/journal/behaviour
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2007939
    URL: https://brill.com/beh
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/journal/behaviour
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2007939-4
    URL: https://brill.com/beh
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: http://www.jstor.org/journal/behaviour
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2007939-4
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    HBZ
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brill's New Pauly : encyclopaedia of the ancient world (2005-)
    Leiden : Brill
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-9347
    Language: German , English
    Series Statement: BrillOnline reference works
    DDC: 930
    Keywords: Datenbank ; Wörterbuch ; Römisches Reich ; Elektronische Publikation ; Griechenland ; Elektronische Publikation ; Antike ; Elektronische Publikation ; Römisches Reich ; Geschichte ; Griechenland ; Geschichte ; Antike ; Geschichte ; Antike ; Elektronische Publikation ; Griechenland ; Elektronische Publikation ; Römisches Reich ; Elektronische Publikation
    Note: Gesehen am 03.04.24
    URL: https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/package/bnpo
    URL: https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/cluster/New%20Pauly%20Online
    URL: https://dbis.ur.de/frontdoor.php?titel_id=5416
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    African and Asian studies : AAS (2002-)
    Leiden : Brill ; 1.2002 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-2108 , 1569-2094 , 1569-2094
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2002 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African and Asian studies
    Former Title: Hervorgeg. aus Journal of Asian and African studies
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Asien ; Afrika ; Ethnosoziologie
    Note: Gesehen am 12.01.2019
    URL: https://brill.com/aas
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2087004-8
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inner Asia (1999-)
    Leiden : Brill ; 1.1999 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2210-5018 , 1464-8172 , 1464-8172
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1999 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Inner Asia
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 04.12.2018
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2579416-4
    URL: https://brill.com/inas
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/innerasia
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Islamic Africa (2010-)
    Leiden : Brill | Evanston, Ill. : Northwestern Univ. Press ; 1.2010 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2154-0993 , 0803-0685 , 2333-262X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.2010 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Islamic Africa
    Former Title: Vorg Sudanic Africa
    DDC: 290
    Keywords: Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 10.08.2016
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2570641-X
    URL: https://brill.com/iafr
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/630
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/islamicafrica
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Journal of religion in Africa (1967-)
    Leiden : Brill ; 1.1967/68 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-0666 , 0022-4200
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1967/68 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Journal of religion in Africa
    DDC: 290
    Keywords: Religion ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Elektronische Publikation ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Afrika ; Religion
    Note: Gesehen am 05.12.18
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2066633
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2066633
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2066633-0
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&genre=journal&req_dat=xri:pqil:&svc_dat=xri:pqil:context=title&rft_dat=xri:pqd:PMID=1817985
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2066633-0
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15700666
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/action/showPublication?journalCode=jreligionafrica
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2066633-0
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2066633-0
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2066633-0
    URL: https://brill.com/jra
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/jreligionafrica
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    HU Berlin
    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    BVB
    HBZ
    Bayreuth UB
    MPI-MMG
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde : = Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania (1949-)
    Leiden : Brill | Leiden : KITLV ; 105.1949 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2213-4379 , 0006-2294 , 0006-2294
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 105.1949 -
    Parallel Title: Digital. Ausg. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde
    Former Title: Fortsetzung von Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie͏̈
    DDC: 890
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Südostasien ; Indonesien ; Ethnologie
    Note: Gesehen am 04.12.2020
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/bijdtaallandvolk
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2484489
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/bijdtaallandvolk
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2484489
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2484489-5
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2484489-5
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2484489-5
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2484489-5
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    DNB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    HeBIS
    MARKK
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The imagined and real Jerusalem in art and architecture (2014)
    Leiden : Brill
    Details
    ISBN: 9789004270855 , 9789004270824
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (304 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Radboud studies in humanities 2
    Series Statement: Radboud studies in humanities
    Keywords: Humanities ; Electronic books ; Jerusalem ; Kunst ; Architektur
    Abstract: In "The imagined and real Jerusalem in art and architecture" specialists in various fields of art history, from Early Christian times to the present, discuss in depth a series of Western artworks, artefacts, and buildings, which question the visualization of Jerusalem
    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
    URL: OAPEN Library: description of the publication
    URL: kostenfrei
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Republic of the Philippines Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection in the Banking Sector : Volume 2. Comparison with Good Practices (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines has made an impressive progress in consumer protection in the banking sector, as shown by the wide range of laws and of regulatory instruments, their active use and enforcement, and by provision of complaint resolution services. The 2013 Global Survey on Financial Consumer Protection indicated that the Philippines compares well with the other economies and yet there is space for further strengthening of the financial consumer protection framework. In order to improve access to financial services, their usage and quality, and further deepen the financial sector, the Philippines has to design and implement a sound financial consumer protection regime with prudential regulation and supervision. This World Bank's Diagnostic Review was undertaken in response to a request from the Bangko Sentral ng Philipinas (BSP). It provides a detailed assessment of the consumer protection framework in the banking sector, with a particular focus on debit and credit products provided by BSP regulated banks. The review addresses the following areas: 1. Institutional Arrangements, 2. Legal and Regulatory Framework, 3. Transparency and Disclosure, 4. Business Practices, 5. Complaints Handling and Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, and 6. Consumer Awareness and Financial Literacy. Volume I summarizes the key findings and recommendations and Volume II provides comparison with the World Bank`s Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection
    DOI: 10.1596/25881
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Indonesia Diagnostic Review of Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy : Volume 2. Comparison with Good Practices (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This diagnostic study was undertaken by the World Bank in response to a request from Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, and Bank Indonesia, the nation's central bank. Indonesia's financial sector has a lot of growth potential considering the relatively low volume of domestic credit provided by the private sector - just 43 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012. To steer the growth to sustainability, the Indonesian authorities have emphasized financial consumer protection in the 5 pillars of Indonesia's national strategy for financial inclusion. This review aims to assist Indonesia in developing and implementing its national strategy and provides a detailed assessment of the consumer protection framework in six segments of Indonesia's financial sector: banking, securities, insurance, non-bank credit institutions, private pensions, and credit reporting. This study also informed the design of the World Bank's support program for Indonesia under the financial inclusion support framework (FISF) initiative. The review addresses the following issues: (1) institutional arrangements, (2) legal and regulatory framework, (3) transparency and disclosure, (4) business practices, (5) complaints handling and dispute resolution mechanisms, and (6) consumer awareness and financial literacy. Volume I summarizes the key findings and recommendations and volume II assesses each financial sector segment with regard to the good practices for financial consumer protection
    DOI: 10.1596/25879
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elaboration of Integration Strategies for Urban Marginalized Communities : The Atlas of Urban Marginalized Communities in Romania (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The current report is part of the work on integrating poor areas and marginalized communities in Romania. Specifically, the Bank's technical assistance provided through this project focuses on three primary components: (1) a methodology for defining different types of urban disadvantaged communities based on a set of key criteria and indicators; (2) detailed maps that present the spatial distribution of these indicators and the corresponding types of marginalized communities; and (3) strategies for integrating these communities in the form of an integrated intervention tool and six conceptual pilots. The atlas presents the methodology used to define different types of urban disadvantaged areas as well as urban pockets of urban marginalization where deprivation is most severe. It identifies criteria and sets of indicators for each type that enable their identification and spatial location using the 2011 population census data. The atlas also produces the results of an analysis to determine the rate of urban marginalization in Romania and the characteristics of urban marginalized communities. Lastly, the atlas presents a series of maps at the city and town, county and regional level that present the spatial distribution of disadvantaged areas and marginalized communities, based on data from the 2011 population and housing census and information collected directly from municipalities
    DOI: 10.1596/24465
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental and Social Management System Implementation Handbook : Food and Beverage (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies in the food and beverage industry develop and implement an environmental and social management system, which should help to improve overall operations. Sections I and II provide background on ESMS in the food and beverage industry. Section III provides step-by-step instructions on how to develop and implement an ESMS. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    DOI: 10.1596/25462
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macroprudential policy framework : a practice guide (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 1464800855 , 9781464800856
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.5091724
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMacroprudential approach to supervision -- Institutional framework -- Early warning systems -- Macroprudential policy options -- Conclusion.
    Note: "A World Bank study"--T.p , Includes bibliographical references
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0085-6
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.015195
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2014 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2014. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, book, and mobile app. The database covers more than 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary tables cover regional and income group aggregates
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0165-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.9
    Abstract: One of a series of pocket-sized books that provide a quick reference to development data on different topics, 'The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014' provides data for more than 20 key indicators on the business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data tables by regional and income groupings
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0179-2
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Education in Sub-Saharan Africa : comparing faith-inspired, private secular, and public schools (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9780821399651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.96
    Keywords: Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education ; Education and state
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-9965-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Debt Statistics 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464800528
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    DDC: 336.3435091724
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2014 is a continuation of the World Bank’s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2014 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2014 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2014 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0051-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development : Lessons from Japan (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    DDC: 338.433621
    Abstract: The goals of universal health coverage (UHC) are to ensure that all people can access quality health services, to safeguard all people from public health risks, and to protect all people from impoverishment due to illness, whether from out-of-pocket payments for health care or loss of income when a household member falls sick. Countries as diverse as Brazil, France, Japan, Thailand, and Turkey have shown how UHC can serve as a vital mechanism for improving the health and welfare of their citizens and lay the foundation for economic growth and competitiveness grounded in the principles of equity and sustainability. Ensuring universal access to affordable, quality health services will be an important contribution to ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity in low-income and middle-income countries, where most of the world’s poor live. Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development synthesizes the experiences from 11 countries-Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Indonesia, Japan, Peru, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam-in implementing policies and strategies to achieve and sustain UHC. These countries represent diverse geographic and economic conditions, but all have committed to UHC as a key national aspiration and are approaching it in different ways. The book examines the UHC policies for each country around three common themes: (1) the political economy and policy process for adopting, achieving, and sustaining UHC; (2) health financing policies to enhance health coverage; and (3) human resources for health policies for achieving UHC. The findings from these country studies are intended to provide lessons that can be used by countries aspiring to adopt, achieve, and sustain UHC. Although the path to UHC is specific to each country, countries can benefit from the experiences of others in learning about different approaches and avoiding potential risks
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0408-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Development Indicators 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 338.9
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2014 provides a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help users of all kinds—policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens—find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor and understand progress toward the two goals. Six themes are used to organize indicators—world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World view reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0163-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dutch commerce and Chinese merchants in Java : colonial relationships in trade and finance, 1800-1942 (2014)
    Leiden : Brill
    Details
    ISBN: 9789004263239 , 9004263233 , 9789004256576 , 9004256571
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xxiv, 442 pages) , illustrations (some color), maps
    Series Statement: Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land en Volkenkunde volume 291
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Claver, Alexander Dutch commerce and Chinese merchants in Java
    DDC: 330.9598/2022
    Keywords: Dutch History ; Chinese History ; Merchants History ; International economic relations ; Merchants ; Netherlandish colonies ; Kolonie ; Welthandel ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Economics ; General ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS ; Reference ; Asia ; China ; Indonesia ; Java ; Netherlands ; POLITICAL SCIENCE ; Colonialism & Post-Colonialism ; Chinese ; Commerce ; Asien ; China ; Java ; Niederlande ; Dutch ; Economic history ; History ; Netherlands Commerce ; History ; China Commerce ; History ; Netherlands Colonies ; Economic conditions ; Netherlands Foreign economic relations ; China Foreign economic relations ; Java (Indonesia) Commerce 20th century ; History ; Java (Indonesia) Commerce 19th century ; History ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java describes the vanished commercial world of colonial Java. Alexander Claver shows the challenges of a demanding business environment by highlighting trade and finance mechanisms, and the relationships between the participants involved
    Abstract: Glossary -- 1. Introduction -- Research outline -- Access to capital, information and security -- The Indonesian case -- Sources -- Research method -- 2. Prelude to rapid expansion (1800-1884) -- The colonial state and the economy -- The resilience of private enterprise -- Private enterprise under the cultivation system -- Tilting the balance : finance in transition -- Wholesalers and retailers -- 3. Crisis and adaptation (1884-1890s) -- Economic policy and political expansion -- The organization of trade -- The onset of the crisis : sugar and coffee -- The beginning of the crisis -- The crisis experienced -- The crisis prolonged : import and credit -- 4. Redefining Dutch-Chinese commercial relations (1890s-1910) -- An awkward alliance : the interdependence of Dutch and Chinese business -- The economic position of the Chinese under scrutiny -- A wave of failures : Surabaya in the late 1890s -- The Chinese boycot of the Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam -- 5. The road to expansion (1910-1930) -- The late colonial state : consolidation and conflict -- The colonial economy before 1914 -- The lure of sugar -- DJ B and the outbreak of the First World War -- The colonial economy after 1914 -- The Kwik Hoo Tong Handelmaatschappij : a prominent Chinese in sugar -- 6. Economic crisis and commercial resilience (1930-1942) -- The economic experience of the 1930s -- The incidence of failure : bankruptcy cases in the 1920s and 1930s -- Commercial resilience : two examples of crisis management in the 1930s -- 7. Conclusion -- A bird's-eye view of colonial trade -- Trade dynamics.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 405-429) and index
    URL: kostenfrei
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade and transport corridor management toolkit (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 388.3/242
    Keywords: Verkehrsweg ; Logistikdienstleister ; Welt ; Business logistics ; Trade routes Planning ; Transportation corridors Planning ; Business logistics ; Trade routes Planning ; Transportation corridors Planning ; Business logistics ; Trade routes ; Transportation corridors
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0143-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dutch commerce and Chinese merchants in Java : colonial relationships in trade and finance, 1800-1942 (2014)
    Leiden : Brill
    Details
    ISBN: 9789004263239
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 466 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Claver, Alexander Dutch commerce and Chinese merchants in Java
    RVK:
    NQ 9430
    RVK:
    NW 3200
    Keywords: 1800-1942 ; Kaufleute ; Chinesen ; Großmacht ; Niederlande ; Kolonialismus ; Java ; Asian history ; Java ; China ; Niederlande ; Kolonialhandel ; Kolonialismus ; Geschichte 1800-1942
    Abstract: Dutch Commerce and Chinese Merchants in Java describes the vanished commercial world of colonial Java. Alexander Claver shows the challenges of a demanding business environment by highlighting trade and finance mechanisms, and the relationships between the participants involved.
    Note: English
    URL: OAPEN Library: download the publication
    URL: OAPEN Library: description of the publication
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: 46
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Green Data Book 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. For the second year, The Little Green Data Book presents a new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0175-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Health Financing in the Republic of Gabon (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: Gabon is an upper middle income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes? Gabon is an emerging economy, while it has achieved high economic development it still has not achieved living standards and health outcomes seen in upper middle income countries. Gabon faces low life expectancy (63 years), levels as seen in other low income countries. It is in an early stage of an epidemiological transition. Fertility rates remain high, and mortality rates are starting to decline. It has a high burden from communicable diseases. While HIV incidence and tuberculosis incidence has started to show positive results, Malaria incidence continues to remain high. There are cost-effective interventions available to prevent many of the communicable diseases the country faces. These interventions require multi-sector approaches, behavioral change programs, outreach services, community development, and a primary health care focus
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0289-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World Development Report 2015 : Mind, Society, and Behavior (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Development economics and policy are due for a redesign. In the past few decades, research from across the natural and social sciences has provided stunning insight into the way people think and make decisions. Whereas the first generation of development policy was based on the assumption that humans make decisions deliberatively and independently, and on the basis of consistent and self-interested preferences, recent research shows that decision making rarely proceeds this way. People think automatically: when deciding, they usually draw on what comes to mind effortlessly. People also think socially: social norms guide much of behavior, and many people prefer to cooperate as long as others are doing their share. And people think with mental models: what they perceive and how they interpret it depend on concepts and worldviews drawn from their societies and from shared histories. The World Development Report 2015 offers a concrete look at how these insights apply to development policy. It shows how a richer view of human behavior can help achieve development goals in many areas, including early childhood development, household finance, productivity, health, and climate change. It also shows how a more subtle view of human behavior provides new tools for interventions. Making even minor adjustments to a decision-making context, designing interventions based on an understanding of social preferences, and exposing individuals to new experiences and ways of thinking may enable people to improve their lives. The Report opens exciting new avenues for development work. It shows that poverty is not simply a state of material deprivation, but also a “tax†? on cognitive resources that affects the quality of decision making. It emphasizes that all humans, including experts and policy makers, are subject to psychological and social influences on thinking, and that development organizations could benefit from procedures to improve their own deliberations and decision making. It demonstrates the need for more discovery, learning, and adaptation in policy design and implementation. The new approach to development economics has immense promise. Its scope of application is vast. This Report introduces an important new agenda for the development community
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0342-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Challenge of Measuring Hunger (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: De Weerdt, Joachim The Challenge of Measuring Hunger
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Unterernährung ; Messung ; Tansania
    Abstract: There is widespread interest in the number of hungry people in the world and trends in hunger. Current global counts rely on combining each country's total food balance with information on distribution patterns from household consumption expenditure surveys. Recent research has advocated for calculating hunger numbers directly from these same surveys. For either approach, embedded in this effort are a number of important details about how household surveys are designed and how these data are then used. Using a survey experiment in Tanzania, this study finds great fragility in hunger counts stemming from alternative survey designs. As a consequence, comparable and valid hunger numbers will be lacking until more effort is made to either harmonize survey designs or better understand the consequences of survey design variation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6736
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What Explains Rwanda's Drop in Fertility between 2005 and 2010? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bundervoet, Tom What Explains Rwanda's Drop in Fertility between 2005 and 2010?
    Abstract: Following a decade-and-a-half stall, fertility in Rwanda dropped sharply between 2005 and 2010. Using a hierarchical age-period-cohort model, this paper finds that the drop in fertility is largely driven by cohort effects, with younger cohorts having substantially fewer children than older cohorts observed at the same age. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is applied on two successive rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey. The findings show that improved female education levels account for the largest part of the fertility decline, with improving household living standards and the progressive move toward non-agricultural employment being important secondary drivers. The drop in fertility has been particularly salient for the younger cohorts, for whom the fertility decline can be fully explained by changes in underlying determinants, most notably the large increase in educational attainment between 2005 and 2010
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6741
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Alternative Estimate of School-Based Management Impacts on Students' Achievements : Evidence from the Philippines (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi An Alternative Estimate of School-Based Management Impacts on Students' Achievements
    Abstract: This paper aims to estimate the impact of school-based management on students' test scores in the Philippines. Estimation results using double differencing combined with propensity score matching show that school-based management increases the average national achievement test score by 4.2 points over three years. The increase in mathematics reached 5.7 points. This is larger than the estimate previously reported from the Philippines, probably because the sample schools had learned about implementation of school-based management from experiences accumulated in other provinces that introduced it earlier. The empirical results also show that schools with experienced principals and teachers are eager to introduce school-based management
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6747
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic Growth in Ghana : Determinants and Prospects (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raggl, Anna K Economic Growth in Ghana
    Abstract: This paper employs a simple cross-country panel framework to assess the determinants of growth in Ghana's gross domestic product over the past four decades. A set of standard covariates is used to explain growth rates. Natural resource variables are included because the effects of natural resource rents in gross domestic products are of particular interest for Ghana. Using the preferred specification, Ghana's growth potential is predicted for the upcoming decades under different scenarios. The results indicate that under the most pessimistic scenario of no improvements in the determinants of growth compared with the period 2005-09, Ghana's gross domestic product per capita growth rates will stagnate at approximately 4.5 percent during the next decade and decrease thereafter. If the policy measures and country characteristics improve in the way they did in the past three decades, average per capita growth rates of roughly 5.5 percent could be reached during 2015-34. Taking into account the expected oil production until 2034 adds 0.6 percentage points to projected gross domestic product growth rates on average
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6750
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coping with Risk : The Effects of Shocks on Reproductive Health and Transactional Sex in Rural Tanzania (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: de Walque, Damien Coping with Risk
    Abstract: Transactional sex is believed to be an important risk-coping mechanism for women in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading contributor to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses data from a panel of women in rural Tanzania whose primary occupation is agriculture. The analysis finds that following a negative shock (such as food insecurity), unmarried women are about three times more likely to have been paid for sex. Regardless of marital status, after a shock women have more unprotected sex and are 36 percent more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection. These empirical findings support the claims that transactional sex is not confined to commercial sex workers and that frequently experienced shocks, such as food insecurity, may lead women to engage in transactional sex as a risk-coping behavior
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6751
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tapering Talk : The Impact of Expectations of Reduced Federal Reserve Security Purchases on Emerging Markets (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eichengreen, Barry Tapering Talk
    Abstract: In May 2013, Federal Reserve officials first began to talk of the possibility of tapering their security purchases. This tapering talk had a sharp negative impact on emerging markets. Different countries, however, were affected very differently. This paper uses data on exchange rates, foreign reserves and equity prices between April and August 2013 to analyze who was hit and why. It finds that emerging markets that allowed the real exchange rate to appreciate and the current account deficit to widen during the prior period of quantitative easing saw the sharpest impact. Better fundamentals (the budget deficit, the public debt, the level of reserves, or the rate of economic growth) did not provide insulation. A more important determinant of the differential impact was the size of the country's financial market: countries with larger markets experienced more pressure on the exchange rate, foreign reserves, and equity prices. This is interpreted as showing that investors are better able to rebalance their portfolios when the target country has a relatively large and liquid financial market
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6754
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade Policy Instruments over Time (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P Trade Policy Instruments over Time
    Abstract: This paper surveys political-economic research on the variety of instruments that governments use to conduct international trade policy. It presents key insights on the relationships between instruments such as tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and other nontariff barriers, as well as the ebb and flow of the national use of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards. The survey examines trends in use of these trade policy instruments over recent history; and it reviews the major theoretical and empirical explanations behind, and interrelationships between, their uses. Finally, the paper highlights potential institutional impacts of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and subsequent World Trade Organization (WTO) on choice of policy instruments, as well as how multilateral, unilateral, and preferential tariff liberalization may introduce political-economic shocks and affect incentives over time for how governments rely on different instruments
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6757
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Imports of Intermediate Inputs and Country Size (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Imports of Intermediate Inputs and Country Size
    Abstract: The paper analyzes the relationship between country size and the use of imported intermediate inputs by firms in 76 developing countries. Recent evidence indicates that the use of imported inputs can have a large, positive effect on productivity and growth, thus motivating a better understanding of the determinants of foreign inputs. The results confirm that, as is the case with exports, use of imported intermediate inputs is much higher at the extensive and intensive margins in small relative to large countries. The results for imported inputs are comparable in magnitude with those for exports
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6758
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Growth Generate Jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Richter, Kaspar Does Growth Generate Jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia?
    Abstract: In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the link from growth to jobs was tenuous in the first decade of the transition, giving rise to the notion of jobless growth. Yet, European countries suffered large job losses during the recent recession, suggesting that jobs and growth are closely entwined. This study takes a new look at this issue. It provides a cross-country analysis of the employment intensity of growth over the last decade and a half in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which includes the 11 Central and Eastern European countries that joined the EU since 2004, the countries of former Yugoslavia, the Countries of Independent States and Turkey. The authors compare these findings with other regions in the world. The paper shows that the responsiveness of employment to output increased in the second decade of the transition. It also finds that in some instances employment growth increases with reforms of labor and product markets, stronger macroeconomic policy frameworks, better governance, and more economic integration and diversification
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6759
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Credit Constraints, Agricultural Productivity, and Rural Nonfarm Participation : Evidence from Rwanda (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Credit Constraints, Agricultural Productivity, and Rural Nonfarm Participation
    Abstract: Although the potentially negative impacts of credit constraints on economic development have long been discussed conceptually, empirical evidence for Africa remains limited. This study uses a direct elicitation approach for a national sample of Rwandan rural households to assess empirically the extent and nature of credit rationing in the semi-formal sector and its impact using an endogenous sample separation between credit-constrained and unconstrained households. Being credit constrained reduces the likelihood of participating in off-farm self-employment activities by about 6.3 percent while making participation in low-return farm wage labor more likely. Even within agriculture, elimination of all types of credit constraints in the semi-formal sector could increase output by some 17 percent. Two suggestions for policy emerge from the findings. First, the estimates suggest that access to information (education, listening to the radio, and membership in a farm cooperative) has a major impact on reducing the incidence of credit constraints in the semi-formal credit sector. Expanding access to information in rural areas thus seems to be one of the most promising strategies to improve credit access in the short term. Second, making it easy to identify land owners and transfer land could also significantly reduce transaction costs associated with credit access
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6769
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    International Interventions to Build Social Capital : Evidence from a Field Experiment in Sudan (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Avdeenko, Alexandra International Interventions to Build Social Capital
    Abstract: Over the past decade the international community, especially the World Bank, has conducted programs to increase local public service delivery in developing countries by improving local governing institutions and creating social capital. This paper evaluates one such program in Sudan to answer the question: Can the international community change the grassroots civic culture of developing countries to increase social capital? The paper offers three contributions. First, it uses lab-in-the-field measures to focus on the effects of the program on pro-social preferences without the confounding influence of any program- induced changes on local governing institutions. Second, it tests whether the program led to denser social networks in recipient communities. Based on these two measures, the effect of the program was a precisely estimated zero. However, in a retrospective survey, respondents from program communities characterized their behavior as being more pro-social and their communities more socially cohesive. This leads to a third contribution of the paper: it provides evidence for the hypothesis, stated by several scholars in the literature, that retrospective survey measures of social capital over biased evidence of a positive effect of these programs. Regardless of one's faith in retrospective self-reported survey measures, the results clearly point to zero impact of the program on pro-social preferences and social network density. Therefore, if the increase in self-reported behaviors is accurate, it must be because of social sanctions that enforce compliance with pro-social norms through mechanisms other than the social networks that were measured
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6772
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Development Finance : Risks and Opportunities (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gelb, Alan Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Development Finance
    Abstract: Sovereign wealth funds represent a large and growing pool of savings. An increasing number of these funds are owned by natural resource-exporting countries and have a variety of objectives, including intergenerational equity and macroeconomic stabilization. Traditionally, these funds have invested in external assets, especially securities traded in major markets. But the persistent infrastructure financing gap in developing countries has motivated some governments to encourage their sovereign wealth funds to invest domestically. This paper proposes some basic elements of a conceptual framework to create a system of checks and balances to help ensure that the sovereign wealth funds do not undermine macroeconomic management or become a vehicle for politically driven "investments." First, the risks and opportunities of domestic investment by sovereign wealth funds are analyzed. Central issues are the relationship of sovereign wealth fund financing to the budget process and to the procurement systems of sector ministries, as well as the establishment of appropriate benchmarks and safeguards to ensure the integrity of investment decisions. The paper argues that a well-governed sovereign wealth fund, with a sound mandate and professional management and staffing, can possibly improve the quality of the public investment program. But its mandate should not duplicate that of other government institutions with investment mandates, such as the budget, the national development bank, the investment authority, and state-owned enterprises. Establishing rules on the type of investment (for example, commercial and/or quasi-commercial) and its modalities (for example, no controlling stakes, leveraging private investment) is one way to ensure separation between the activities of the sovereign wealth fund and those of other institutions. The critical issue remains that of limiting the sovereign wealth fund's investment scope to that appropriate for a wealth fund. If investments that generate quasi-market returns are permitted, the size of the home bias should be clearly stipulated and these investments should be reported separately
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6776
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electoral Accountability and Local Government Spending in Indonesia (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Electoral Accountability and Local Government Spending in Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper takes advantage of the exogenous phasing of direct elections in districts and applies the double-difference estimator to measure impacts on (i) human development outcomes and (ii) the pattern of public spending and revenue generation at the district level. The analysis reveals that four years after the switch to direct elections, there have been no significant effects on human development outcomes. However, the estimates of the impact of Pilkada on health expenditures at the district level suggest that directly elected district officials may have become more responsive to local needs at least in the area of health. The composition of district expenditures changes considerably during the year and sometimes the year before the elections, shifting toward expenditure categories that allow incumbent district heads running as candidates in the direct elections to "buy" voter support. Electoral reforms did not lead to higher revenue generation from own sources and had no effect on the budget surplus of districts with directly elected heads
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6782
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Funding Models and Foreign Bank Ownership on Bank Credit Growth : Is Central and Eastern Europe Different? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Feyen, Erik The Impact of Funding Models and Foreign Bank Ownership on Bank Credit Growth
    Abstract: This paper provides new evidence on the factors affecting protracted credit contraction in the wake of the global financial crisis. The paper applies panel vector autoregressions to a global panel that consists of quarterly data for 41 countries for the period 2000-2011 and documents that domestic private credit growth is highly sensitive to cross-border funding shocks around the world. This relationship is significantly stronger in Central and Eastern Europe, a region with considerably stronger foreign presence, higher cross-border funding, and elevated loan-to-deposit ratios compared with the rest of the world. The paper shows that high foreign ownership per se does not appear to explain credit response differences to foreign funding shocks. Rather, there is a stronger response in countries that exhibit high loan-to-deposit ratios and a high reliance on foreign funding relative to local deposits. The results suggest that funding model differences were at the heart of the post-crisis credit contraction in several Central and Eastern European countries. These findings have important regulatory and supervisory implications for emerging countries in Central and Eastern Europe as well as for other countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6783
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Import Dynamics and Demands for Protection (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hillberry, Russell Import Dynamics and Demands for Protection
    Abstract: What kinds of changes in foreign competition lead domestic industries to seek import protection? To address this question this paper uses detailed monthly U.S. import data to investigate changes in import composition during a 24-month window immediately preceding the filing of a petition for protection. A decomposition methodology allows a comparison of imports from two groups of countries supplying the same product: those that are named in the petition and those that are not. The same decomposition can be applied to products quite similar to the imports in question, but not subject to a petition. The results suggest that industries typically seek protection when faced with a specific pattern of shocks. First, a persistent positive relative supply shock favors imports from named countries. Second, a negative demand shock hits imports from all sources just prior to domestic industries' petition for protection. The relative supply shock is a broad one; it applies both to named commodities and to the comparison product group. The import demand shock, by contrast, is narrow, hitting only named products. The latter shock is also large: import growth over the two-year window is 15 percentage points lower in named products than in reference products, with most of this gap arising in the final two quarters before the petition. The negative import demand shock appears to be a key event in the run-up to the filing of a petition. It has been missed by previous studies using more aggregated data
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6796
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Constraints, Working Capital and the Dynamic Behavior of the Firm (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chan, Rosanna Financial Constraints, Working Capital and the Dynamic Behavior of the Firm
    Abstract: Financial constraints are widespread in developing countries, where even short-term credit is limited. Finance held by firms as working capital is a substantial proportion of sales revenue, yet the role of working capital is largely neglected by existing models of financial constraints. This paper presents a dynamic model of the firm that incorporates working capital by introducing a delay between factor payments and the receipt of revenue. In contrast with previous models, the working capital model predicts that firms under binding constraints will substitute between labor and capital in response to demand shocks, causing investment to be countercyclical. For firms near the margin of being constrained, constraints bind when positive production opportunities arise. Output growth is therefore constrained in response to positive shocks but not to negative shocks. Simulations suggest that models without working capital may understate the predicted effects of financial constraints on production efficiency, firm profit and growth over time. The predictions are tested with the Bangladesh Panel Survey data for manufacturing firms. Consistent with the theory, there is evidence that constraints bind when output price increases, that investment by constrained firms is countercyclical, and that output response to positive shocks is dampened for firms that are sometimes constrained. The results also are important for policy. In order to maximize growth, efforts to relieve credit constraints should be focused on periods when demand shocks are high
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6797
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Governance of Securities Regulators : A Framework (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Pratt, Richard Governance of Securities Regulators
    Abstract: This paper reviews the published work on the governance of regulatory authorities in order to identify the basic governance standards that apply and some of the factors that affect the implementation of good governance. There are four pillars of good regulatory governance: independence, accountability, transparency, and integrity. The regulator should be operationally independent from commercial and political influences in the exercise of its functions and powers. Accountability is the means whereby a regulatory authority is held responsible for the actions it takes. Transparency refers to the publication of relevant information designed to demonstrate consistency and openness. The fourth governance pillar, integrity, refers to the internal processes that the authority adopts to ensure there is discipline and consistency in its operations and to limit the risks of regulatory staff acting in their own self-interest as opposed to that of the authority and the market. These four elements are mutually reinforcing, in that accountability is necessary to provide legitimacy to independence, transparency is necessary to demonstrate that independence does not lead to abuse or improper behavior, and integrity is necessary to provide the discipline to control the exercise of independent powers. Available evidence suggests that independence and accountability are far from being universally applied in practice. The paper concludes with some practical suggestions that experience indicates are likely to enhance the effectiveness of the governance of securities regulators. Good governance of the securities regulator is necessary for effective regulation. It is also of importance in setting an example to encourage good corporate governance in the private sector
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6800
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Re-Re-Reply to "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence" (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Pitt, Mark M Re-Re-Reply to "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence
    Abstract: "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence," by David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch (2014) (henceforth RM) is the most recent of a sequence of papers and web postings that seeks to refute the findings of the Pitt and Khandker (1998; henceforth PK) article "The Impact of Group-Based Credit on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter?" that microcredit for women had significant, favorable effects on household consumption and other outcomes. In this version of RM, the authors have backed off many of their prior claims and methods after earlier replies noted their faults (see Pitt (1999), Pitt (2011a), Pitt (2011b), and Pitt and Khandker (2012)). Nonetheless, important claims against PK remain in this new version of RM and are addressed below. Readers should refer to Pitt and Khandker (2012) for a discussion of other issues with RM, including a discussion of the bimodal likelihood
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6801
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fiscal Challenges after the Global Financial Crisis : A Survey of Key Issues (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lopez-Claros, Augusto Fiscal Challenges after the Global Financial Crisis
    Abstract: The global financial crisis and the response to it have contributed to a sharp increase in public indebtedness in a large number of countries. While there have been episodes of high debt in the past, there are a number of long-term challenges today that are likely to complicate the implementation of sustainable fiscal policies in the coming years. Population aging and climate change are factors that are likely to contribute to rising fiscal pressures and the crisis has highlighted the risks and vulnerabilities stemming from reduced fiscal space. This paper argues that heightened fiscal challenges can only be dealt with successfully by adopting a long-term fiscal planning horizon. The paper analyzes a range of available policy tools that countries have used in the past to improve fiscal management. Particular attention is paid to the role of rules-based policies, improvements in the budget process, better accounting of long-term liabilities in the government budget, the deleterious effects of unproductive expenditures, and the painful trade-offs created by the crisis and the toolkit at hand to address them
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6805
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Right-to-work? : assessing India's employment guarantee scheme in Bihar (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Equity and development
    DDC: 331.01/10954123
    Keywords: Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0130-3
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analyzing food security using household survey data (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 1464801339 , 9781464801334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 257 pages) , illustrations , 24 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Streamlined analysis with ADePT software
    DDC: 363.8
    Keywords: ADEPT (Computer program) ; ADEPT (Computer program) ; Food security Computer programs ; Food security Data processing ; Food security Statistical methods ; Household surveys Data processing ; Household surveys Statistical methods ; Food security Computer programs ; Food security Data processing ; Food security Statistical methods ; Household surveys Data processing ; Household surveys Statistical methods ; ADEPT (Computer program) ; Food security ; Food security ; Food security ; Household surveys ; Household surveys
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:ch. 1Food SecurityIntroductionBackgroundSources of Food Consumption DataSummaryADePT-Food Security ModuleNotesReferencesBibliographych. 2Theoretical ConceptsIntroductionFood Data Collected in Household SurveysStandardization ProceduresIndicators on Food SecurityAnnexesNotesReferencesBibliographych. 3Guide to Output TablesIntroductionOutput TablesGlossary of IndicatorsNotesReferencesBibliographych. 4DatasetsIntroductionDatasets DescriptionExogenous ParametersNotesReferencesch. 5Guide to Using ADePT-FSMIntroductionSystem RequirementsInstalling ADePTRegistering ADePTLaunching ADePTUsing the ADePT-FSM Main WindowUsing ADePT-FSMExamining the TablesViewing Basic Information about a Dataset's VariablesWorking with ProjectsExiting ADePTUsing ADePT in a Batch ModeDebug ModeReference.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0133-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Accelerating Health Reforms through Collective Action : Experiences from East Africa (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: This publication briefly describes the processes and methodologies for building and sustaining multistakeholder coalition to drive reforms in the health sector. It is based on the experiences of three East African countries -- Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. It outlines, by chapter, each country's experience in identifying, mobilizing, and coalescing key stakeholders to address governance bottlenecks in pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain management. It highlights challenges, successes as well as lessons learned to guide other countries
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0287-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Great Teachers : How to Raise Student Learning in Latin America and the Caribbean (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development Forum
    Abstract: The seven million teachers of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are the critical actors in the region's efforts to improve education quality and raise student learning levels, which lag far behind those of OECD countries and East Asian countries such as China. This book documents the high economic stakes around teacher quality, benchmarks the current performance of LAC's teachers, and delineates the key issues. These include low standards for entry into teacher training, poor quality training programs that are detached from the realities of the classroom, unattractive career incentives, and weak support for teachers once they are on the job. New research conducted for this report in close to 15,000 classrooms in seven different LAC countries - the largest cross-country study of this kind to date - provides a first-ever insight into how the region's teachers perform inside the classroom. It documents that the average teacher in LAC loses the equivalent of one day of instructional time per week because of inadequate preparation, excessive time on administration (taking attendance, passing out papers) and a surprisingly high share of time physically absent from the classrooms where they should be teaching. Teachers also make limited use of available learning materials, espcially those using information and communications technology (ICT), and are unable to keep the majority of their students engaged. The book sets out the three priority lines of reform needed to produce great teachers in LAC: policies to recruit better teachers; programs to groom teachers and improve their skills once they are in service; and stronger incentives to motivate teachers to perform their best throughout their career. In every area, the book distills the latest evidence from inside and outside the region to provide practical guidance to policymakers in the design of effective programs and sustainable reforms. A final chapter analyzes the politics of recent major teacher reforms in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico, chronicling the prominent role of teachers' unions and the political and communications strategies that have underpinned successful reforms
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0151-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The economic impact of the 2014 Ebola epidemic : short- and medium-term estimates for West Africa (2014)
    Washington, DC : World Bank Group | Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464804229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    RVK:
    QG 700
    Keywords: Westafrika ; Ebola-Virus ; Auswirkung ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Beyond its terrible toll in human lives and suffering, the Ebola epidemic has inflicted a measurable economic impact on West Africa in terms of forgone output, higher fiscal deficits, rising prices, lower real household incomes, and greater poverty. This impact results partly from the health-care costs and forgone productivity associated with being infected, but it is driven principally by the efforts of the uninfected population to avoid exposure ('aversion behavior'). The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic: Short- and Medium-Term Estimates for West Africa provides a mixed methods analysis of the economic impact, combining theory on the channels of economic impact of the epidemic, economic indicators across sectors in the affected countries, and models of how these economies interact with each other and with the broader world. The result is a quantification of the potential overall magnitude of the economic impact for Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as well as for West Africa as a whole. Ebola's short-term economic impact (2014) in the three core countries is on the order of US
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0438-0
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sanitation and Externalities : Evidence from Early Childhood Health in Rural India (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Andres, Luis A Sanitation and Externalities
    Abstract: This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access on early childhood health: a direct benefit a household receives when moving from open to fixed-point defecation or from unimproved sanitation to improved sanitation, and an external benefit (externality) produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. The paper uses a sample of children under 48 months in rural areas of India from the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007-08 and finds evidence of positive and significant direct benefits and concave positive external effects for both improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. There is a 47 percent reduction in diarrhea prevalence between children living in a household without access to improved sanitation in a village without coverage of improved sanitation and children living in a household with access to improved sanitation in a village with complete coverage. One-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit leaving the rest to external gains. Finally, all the benefits from eliminating open defecation come from improved sanitation and not other sanitation solutions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6737
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Migration Foster Exports? : Evidence from Africa (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ehrhart, Hélène Does Migration Foster Exports?
    Abstract: This paper aims at assessing the impact of migration on export performance and more particularly the effect of African migrants on African trade. Relying on a new data set on international bilateral migration recently released by the World Bank spanning from 1980 to 2010, the authors estimate a gravity model that deals satisfactorily with endogeneity. The results first indicate that the pro-trade effect of migration is higher for African countries, a finding that can be partly explained by the substitution between migrants and institutions (the existence of migrant networks compensating for weak contract enforcement, for instance). This positive association is particularly important for the exports of differentiated products, suggesting that migrants also play an important role in reducing information costs. Moreover, focusing on intra-African trade, the pro-trade effect of African migrants is larger when migrants are established in a more geographically and ethnically distant country. All these findings highlight the ability of African migrants to help overcome some of the main barriers to African trade: the weakness of institutions, information costs, cultural differences, and lack of trust
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6739
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cebeci, Tolga Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance
    Abstract: This paper evaluates the role of export destinations on productivity, employment, and wages of Turkish firms by comparing the performance of firms that export to low-income destinations and high-income destinations with firms that do not export. A combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences methods are employed on a rich set of firm observables, including sector, region, employment, total factor productivity (TFP), capital intensity, wages, support from government, ownership, and the research and development intensity of firms. Four sets of findings emerge from the analysis: i) Export entry has a positive causal effect on firm TFP and employment and this effect is strengthened as a firm continues to export. ii) In contrast, export entry has a moderate wage effect that emerges only with a lag. iii) Unlike exporting to high-income destinations, exporting to low-income destinations does not result in significantly higher firm TFP and wages. iv) The employment effect of exporting to low-income destinations is comparable to that of exporting to high-income destinations
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6743
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ride the Wild Surf : An Investigation of the Drivers of Surges in Capital Inflows (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Ride the Wild Surf
    Abstract: Over the past 15 years, gross inflows to industrial and developing countries have enjoyed a wild ride. After reaching record highs in the run-up to the global financial crisis, they collapsed dramatically in 2008-09. As signs of global recovery reappeared, capital inflows resumed although at different speeds. The recovery in flows was faster and sharper in developing countries. This paper aims at understanding the (domestic and external) drivers of these surges in gross inflows using quarterly data for 67 countries from 1975 to 2010. It finds that domestic and external factors have significant explanatory power in driving surges of inflows. This finding holds for the sample of industrial countries whereas domestic factors play a significantly larger role in explaining surges to developing countries. Zooming into the findings shows that: (a) financial booms tend to attract massive capital inflows, (b) surges to either industrial or developing countries are driven by regional contagion, and (c) strong growth and natural resource abundance are keys to attract inflows of foreign capital into developing countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6753
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Teacher Opinions on Performance Incentives : Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lockheed, Marlaine E Teacher Opinions on Performance Incentives
    Abstract: This paper uses data from a post-hoc evaluation of a performance-based teacher incentive program in the Kyrgyz Republic to examine the opinions of teachers receiving different pay bonuses based on their performance as assessed by external evaluators. Overall, teacher opinions of the program were favorable, although teachers who received lower performance ratings held less favorable opinions about the motivational aspects of the program. Despite this, lower-rated teachers were more likely to report that they used what they learned to evaluate their own teaching, as compared with more highly rated teachers, and were more likely to take professional development courses in the years following the program's implementation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6752
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Development in Asia : Beyond Aggregate Indicators (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Didier, Tatiana Financial Development in Asia
    Abstract: This paper documents the major trends in financial development in Asia since the early 1990s and the spillovers to firms. It compares Asia with advanced and emerging countries and uses both aggregate and disaggregate indicators. Financial systems in Asia remain less developed than in advanced countries but more developed than in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Bond and stock markets play a larger role and institutional investors have gained importance. Nonetheless, capital-raising activity has not expanded. A few large companies capture most of the issuances. Many secondary markets remain illiquid. The public sector captures a significant share of bond markets. The largest advancements in Asia occurred in China and India. But still in these countries, few large companies use capital markets to expand and grow, becoming much larger than nonuser firms. In sum, Asia's financial systems remain less developed than aggregate measures suggest, with few spillovers to many firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6761
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decomposition of Gender Differentials in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Aguilar, Arturo Decomposition of Gender Differentials in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia
    Abstract: This paper employs decomposition methods to analyze differences in agricultural productivity between male and female land managers in Ethiopia. It employs data from the 2011-2012 Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey. An overall 23.4 percent gender differential in agricultural productivity is estimated at the mean in favor of male land managers, of which 10.1 percentage points are explained by differences in land manager characteristics, land attributes, and unequal access to resources (the endowment effect). The remaining 13.4 percentage points are explained by unequal returns to productive components, but cannot be easily tied to specific covariates. These results are mainly driven by non-married female managers (mainly single and divorced). Married female managers do not display such disadvantages. Further analysis along the productivity distribution reveals that gender differentials are more pronounced at mid-levels of productivity and that the share of the gender gap explained by the endowment effect declines as productivity increases. Detailed decomposition of estimates at selected points of the agricultural productivity distribution provides valuable information for policy intervention purposes
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6764
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring the Impact of Debt-Financed Public Investment (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cavalcanti, Carlos B Measuring the Impact of Debt-Financed Public Investment
    Abstract: While debt-financed productive public investment raises a country's debt ratios in the short run, it can also generate higher growth, revenues, and exports, leading over time to lower debt ratios. This paper develops a framework to assess whether countries meet the conditions for realizing the net benefits over the costs of public investment debt financing. While it is possible to achieve debt sustainability with an appropriate mix of concessional and non-concessional financing, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is also important to ensure the operational viability of public investment projects by having in place adequate project management: (i) project screening and appraisal, (ii) a clear connection between capital and recurrent expenditures once the projects are launched, and (iii) safeguards for appropriate project implementation and facilities operations. To illustrate the strength of these results, the paper carries out three measurement exercises: (a) a simulation of the degree to which the ratio of optimal public investment responds to changes in key parameters related to project management in a general equilibrium model; (b) application of the public investment management (PIMa) index to benchmark a country's public investment management capacity; and (c) presentation of the results of the Investment, Savings, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities tool aimed at tracking country choices in public finance and the impact of public projects on private investments
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6766
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making Informed Investment Decisions in an Uncertain World : A Short Demonstration (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bonzanigo, Laura Making Informed Investment Decisions in an Uncertain World
    Abstract: Governments invest billions of dollars annually in long-term projects. Yet deep uncertainties pose formidable challenges to making near-term decisions that make long-term sense. Methods that identify robust decisions have been recommended for investment lending but are not widely used. This paper seeks to help bridge this gap and, with a demonstration, motivate and equip analysts better to manage uncertainty in investment decisions. The paper first reviews the economic analysis of ten World Bank projects. It finds that analysts seek to manage uncertainty but use traditional approaches that do not evaluate options over the full range of possible futures. Second, the paper applies a different approach, Robust Decision Making, to the economic analysis of a 2006 World Bank project, the Electricity Generation Rehabilitation and Restructuring Project, which sought to improve Turkey's energy security. The analysis shows that Robust Decision Making can help decision makers answer specific and useful questions: How do options perform across a wide range of potential future conditions? Under what specific conditions does the leading option fail to meet decision makers' goals? Are those conditions sufficiently likely that decision makers should choose a different option? Such knowledge informs rather than replaces decision makers' deliberations. It can help them systematically, rigorously, and transparently compare their options and select one that is robust. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that analysts can use the same data and models for Robust Decision Making as are typically used in economic analyses. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges in applying such methods and how they can be overcome
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6765
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is There a Farm-Size Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture? : Evidence from Rwanda (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Is There a Farm-Size Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture?
    Abstract: Whether the negative relationship between farm size and productivity that is confirmed in a large global literature holds in Africa is of considerable policy relevance. This paper revisits this issue and examines potential causes of the inverse productivity relationship in Rwanda, where policy makers consider land fragmentation and small farm sizes to be key bottlenecks for the growth of the agricultural sector. Nationwide plot-level data from Rwanda point toward a constant returns to scale crop production function and a strong negative relationship between farm size and output per hectare as well as intensity of labor use that is robust across specifications. The inverse relationship continues to hold if profits with family labor valued at shadow wages are used, but disappears if family labor is rather valued at village-level market wage rates. These findings imply that, in Rwanda, labor market imperfections, rather than other unobserved factors, seem to be a key reason for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6770
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Macroeconomic and Fiscal Implications of Population Aging in Bulgaria (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Onder, Harun Macroeconomic and Fiscal Implications of Population Aging in Bulgaria
    Abstract: Bulgaria is in the midst of a serious demographic transition that will shrink its population at one of the highest rates in the world within the next few decades. This study analyzes the macroeconomic and fiscal implications of this demographic transition by using a long-term model, which integrates the demographic projections with social security, fiscal and real economy dimensions in a consistent manner. The simulations suggest that, even under fairly optimistic assumptions, Bulgaria's demographic transition will exert significant fiscal pressures and depress the economic growth in the medium and long term. However, the results also demonstrate that the Government of Bulgaria can play a significant role in mitigating some of these effects. Policies that induce higher labor force participation, promote productivity and technological improvement, and provide better education outcomes are found to counteract the negative consequences of the demographic shift
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6774
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Firm Registration and the Business Cycle (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Klapper, Leora New Firm Registration and the Business Cycle
    Abstract: This paper uses new panel data on the number of new firm registrations in 109 countries during 2002-2012 to study the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. The data show strong evidence of a pro-cyclical pattern in entrepreneurship. An examination of heterogeneous relationships between new firm registration and the business cycle finds that higher levels of financial development and better business environments are associated with stronger pro-cyclicality of entrepreneurship both across countries and within countries over time. The results are robust to various measures of business regulation, such as the cost and time of starting a new firm and closing an insolvent firm. These findings suggest that fostering an efficient regulatory environment for the financial and private sector is important for encouraging a speedier recovery in the formation of new firms during economic expansions and aiding the efficient wind-down of insolvent firms during economic slowdowns
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6775
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institutional Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries : Introduction to Potential Models (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Inderst, Georg Institutional Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries
    Abstract: The link between infrastructure and economic growth is widely acknowledged-as is the infrastructure gap, which can act as a break on growth in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). Since the global economic and financial crisis, the challenges of raising financing for infrastructure projects in EMDEs are also well known. The challenges come from stretched government finances and restrictions on global bank lending. Hence much attention has been focused on the potential for institutional investors as a growing potential source of financing. This paper argues that infrastructure projects can potentially deliver long-term returns, but investments, particularly in EMDEs need to be carefully structured to meet the needs of both sides. The paper first considers the existing types of institutional investors and their potential for filling the infrastructure financing gap. The challenges of adjusting asset allocations, particularly toward EMDE infrastructure, are discussed and examples of projects where institutional investors have been involved are given. Finally, the paper considers a range of models for the involvement of institutional investors in EMDEs and makes initial proposals for how to determine which model fits best in a particular country context
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6780
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    "Crowding in" and the Returns to Government Investment in Low-Income Countries (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eden, Maya "Crowding in" and the Returns to Government Investment in Low-Income Countries
    Keywords: Öffentliche Investition ; Private Investition ; Verdrängungseffekt ; Return on Investment ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This paper estimates the effect of government investment on private investment in a sample of 39 low-income countries. Fluctuations in a predetermined component of disbursements on loans from official creditors to developing country governments are used as an instrument for fluctuations in public investment. The analysis finds evidence of "crowding in": an extra dollar of government investment raises private investment by roughly two dollars, and output by 1.5 dollars. To understand the implications for the return to public investment, a CES production function with public and private capital as inputs is calibrated. For most countries in the sample, the returns to government investment exceed the world interest rate. However, for some countries that already have high government investment rates, the return to further investment is below the world interest rate
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6781
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    They are Not like us : Understanding Social Exclusion (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lakhani, Sadaf They are Not like us
    Abstract: Negative attitudes toward groups in society are widespread and underpin systematic processes of social exclusion that marginalize people and deny them opportunities and dignity. This paper looks at the processes underlying social exclusion. It uses data covering Eastern Europe and Central Asia to study the responses to a simple hypothetical survey question about which specific groups respondents would not like to have as neighbors. Unwelcoming attitudes toward groups such as immigrants, ethnic minorities, the poor, HIV+ individuals, and others are surprisingly common. These attitudes fall into three distinct clusters: intolerance for the poor and for different lifecycle stages; intolerance toward stigmatized attributes and behaviors; and intolerance toward specific identity groups. An empirical analysis of the determinants of attitudes shows that country-specific factors are far more important than socio-economic characteristics. These findings could have important implications for theories about exclusion and for the design of appropriate social inclusion policies. The authors argue that strategies to address social exclusion need to consider ways to change social norms, attitudes, and behaviors toward disadvantaged groups. The paper explores potential entry points for change within formal and informal institutions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6784
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Does Energy Consumption Respond to Price Shocks? : Evidence from a Regression-Discontinuity Design (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bastos, Paulo Does Energy Consumption Respond to Price Shocks?
    Keywords: Energiekonsum ; Preiselastizität ; Versorgungswirtschaft ; Regulierung ; Regressionsanalyse ; Buenos Aires ; Argentinien
    Abstract: This paper exploits unique features of a recently introduced tariff schedule for natural gas in Buenos Aires to estimate the short-run impact of price shocks on residential energy utilization. The schedule induces a nonlinear and non-monotonic relationship between households' accumulated consumption and unit prices, thus generating exogenous price variation, which is exploited in a regression-discontinuity design. The results reveal that a price increase causes a prompt and significant decline in gas consumption. They also indicate that consumers respond more to recent past bills than to expected prices, which argues against the assumption that consumers have perfect awareness of complex price schedules
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6785
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mobile Money Services Development : The Cases of the Republic of Korea and Uganda (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gutierrez, Eva Mobile Money Services Development
    Abstract: This study intends to increase understanding of how different types of mobile money services have developed in different environments. For this purpose, two countries were selected, the Republic of Korea and Uganda. From these study cases, some conclusions emerge. The development of mobile banking services can appear at different stages of financial sector development, but it requires a vibrant and competitive telecommunications sector. The regulatory environment does not need to be very sophisticated for the mobile industry to emerge. However, some elements appear to be important. The legal framework should allow (or at least not explicitly forbid) nonbank financial institutions to issue money and use banking agents or correspondents. To ensure wider use of the service by the population, it is important to educate the population on the benefits of mobile money services
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6786
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wage Growth, Landholding, and Mechanization in Agriculture : Evidence from Indonesia (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi Wage Growth, Landholding, and Mechanization in Agriculture
    Abstract: This paper uses farm panel data from Indonesia to examine dynamic patterns of land use, capital investments, and wages in agriculture. The empirical analysis shows that an increase in real wages has induced the substitution of labor by machines among relatively large farmers. Large farmers tend to increase the scale of operation by renting in more land when real wages increase. Machines and land are complementary if the scale of operation is greater than a threshold size. In contrast, such a dynamic change was not observed among relatively small holders, which implies a divergence in the movement of the production frontier between Java and off-Java regions given that the majority of small farmers are concentrated in Java
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6789
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reserve Requirements in the Brave New Macroprudential World (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cordella, Tito Reserve Requirements in the Brave New Macroprudential World
    Abstract: Using a new, large data set on quarterly reserve requirements for the period 1970-2011, this paper provides new evidence on the use of reserve requirements as a countercyclical macroprudential tool in developing countries. The appeal of reserve requirements lies in the pro-cyclical behavior of the exchange rate over the business cycle in developing countries. This enormously complicates the use of interest rates as a countercyclical instrument (because of its effect on the exchange rate) and calls for a second instrument. The paper suggests that conflicts may arise between the microprudential and macroprudential policy stances
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6793
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Early Childhood Education on Early Achievement Gaps : Evidence from the Indonesia Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) Project (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Jung, Haeil The Impact of Early Childhood Education on Early Achievement Gaps
    Abstract: This paper assesses whether the Indonesia Early Childhood Education and Development project had an impact on early achievement gaps as measured by an array of child development outcomes and enrollment. The analysis is based on longitudinal data collected in 2009 and 2010 on approximately 3,000 four-year-old children residing in 310 villages located in nine districts across Indonesia. The study begins by documenting the intent-to-treat impact of the project. It then compares the achievement gaps between richer and poorer children living in project villages with those of richer and poorer children living in non-project villages. There is clear evidence that in project villages, the achievement gap between richer and poorer children decreased on many dimensions. By contrast, in non-project villages, this gap either increased or stayed constant. Given Indonesia's interest in increasing access to early childhood services for all children, and the need to ensure more efficient spending on education, the paper discusses how three existing policies and programs could be leveraged to ensure that Indonesia's vision for holistic, integrated early childhood services becomes a reality. The lessons from Indonesia's experience apply more broadly to countries seeking to reduce early achievement gaps and expand access to pre-primary education
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6794
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 73
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institutional Quality Mediates the Effect of Human Capital on Economic Performance (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Adams-Kane, Jonathon Institutional Quality Mediates the Effect of Human Capital on Economic Performance
    Keywords: Institutionelle Infrastruktur ; Humankapital ; Bildungsertrag ; Einkommen ; Panel ; Momentenmethode
    Abstract: This paper considers the relationship between institutional quality, educational outcomes, and economic performance. More specifically, it seeks to establish the linkages by which government effectiveness affects per capita income, via its mediating effect on human capital formation. The empirical approach adopts a two-stage strategy that estimates national-level educational production functions that include government effectiveness as a covariate, and then uses these estimates as instruments for human capital in cross-country regressions of per capita income. The results identify a significant and positive effect of human capital on per capita income levels, and partially resolves the inconsistency between macro- and micro-level studies of the effect of human capital on income. The results also remain robust to alternative specifications, extension to a panel setting, subsamples of the data, and fully endogenous institutions
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6792
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labor Mobility, Economic Shocks, and Jobless Growth : Evidence from Panel Data in Morocco (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Verme, Paolo Labor Mobility, Economic Shocks, and Jobless Growth
    Abstract: During the past 20 years, Morocco has implemented a wide range of macroeconomic, social, and labor market reforms that have delivered in terms of growth of gross domestic product and household welfare. Yet, these positive developments are not reflected by the main labor market indicators, a phenomenon observed elsewhere in developed and developing economies alike and labeled as "jobless growth." For the first time for Morocco, this paper uses quarterly panel data to investigate the question of labor mobility in an effort to determine whether people have moved to better sectors and jobs. The results point to significant labor mobility between labor statuses with quite distinct features across population groups. All groups experience some form of labor market mobility every quarter and women are as mobile as men. However, the transitions that women experience are very different from the transitions than men experience and women's performance is worse than men's performance in almost all aspects of labor mobility
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6795
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Implementation of Industrial Parks : Some Lessons Learned in India (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Saleman, Yannick The Implementation of Industrial Parks
    Abstract: Industrial parks are as popular as they are controversial, in India and globally. At their best they align infrastructure provision and agglomeration economies to jolt industrial growth. More often, they generate negative spill-overs, provide handouts, sit empty, or simply do not get built. This paper disaggregates how parks are built and how they fail. It contextualizes parks in India, followed by a thick case study of an innovative scheme that appears to buck the trend. This performance is then explained by the way in which the scheme's design and action fit India's political economy. The paper concludes by considering how the analysis and the lessons learned might inform the design and implementation of industrial park programs and other public interventions, in India and elsewhere
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6799
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of the Intensity, Timing, and Persistence of Personal History of Mobility on Support for Redistribution (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Dabalen, Andrew The Effects of the Intensity, Timing, and Persistence of Personal History of Mobility on Support for Redistribution
    Abstract: This paper examines the association between the intensity, timing, and persistence of personal history of mobility on individual support for redistribution. Using both rounds of the Life in Transition Survey, the paper builds measures of downward mobility for about 57,000 individuals from 27 countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The analysis finds that more intensive, recent, and persistent downward mobility increases support for redistribution more. A number of extensions and checks are done by, among others, taking into account systematic bias in perceived mobility experience, considering an alternative definition of redistributive preferences, and exploring the severity of omitted variable bias problems. Overall, the results are robust
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6803
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Youth employment in Sub-Saharan Africa (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801075 , 9781464801082
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum series
    DDC: 311.340967
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Subsahara-Afrika ; Youth Employment ; Youth Employment ; Youth
    Description / Table of Contents: chapter 1.Opportunities and challenges for youth employment in Africafocus note 1.Jobs: more than just incomechapter 2.Youth--a time of transitionschapter 3.Skills for productive employmentchapter 4.Agriculture as a sector of opportunity for youth in Africafocus note 2.Safety nets and pathways to productive employmentchapter 5.Creating productive employment for youth in the household enterprise sectorfocus note 3.Financial inclusion and the transition to sustainable livelihoods for young peoplechapter 6.Raising productivity in Africa's modern wage enterprises to foster job growth for youthfocus note 4.Youth unemployment is configured differently, and requires different approaches, in South Africachapter 7.Conclusion.
    Note: "The series is sponsored by the Agence Française de Développement and the World Bank , Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0107-5
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Little Data Book on Information and Communication Technology 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: This Little Data Book presents tables for over 213 economies showing the most recent national data on key indicators of information and communications technology (ICT), including access, quality, affordability, efficiency,sustainability, and applications
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0177-8
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tourism in Africa : harnessing tourism for growth and improved livelihoods (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464801907 , 9781464801976
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 295 pages) , illustrations, maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Africa development forum series
    DDC: 338.47916
    RVK:
    QQ 920
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development Case studies ; Tourism ; Tourism Case studies ; Economic development ; Economic development Case studies ; Tourism ; Tourism Case studies ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Tourism ; Tourism
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0190-7
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The World Bank Annual Report 2014 (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464802539
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Annual Report
    Abstract: The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0245-4
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity : concepts, data, and the twin goals (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9781464803611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (pages cm))
    Edition: Online-Ausg.
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. A measured approach to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity
    DDC: 338.91091724
    Keywords: Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Economic assistance ; Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Economic assistance ; Economic development International cooperation ; Poverty International cooperation ; Poverty Measurement ; Armut ; Entwicklung ; Tendenz ; Prognose ; Bekämpfung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Gemeinwohl ; Konzeption ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Poverty ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Erde
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index. - Description based on print version record
    DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0361-1
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Triggers of Contract Breach : Contract Design, Shocks, or Institutions? (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Nose, Manabu Triggers of Contract Breach
    Abstract: This paper constructs a large contract-level data set to examine factors that trigger breach of foreign investment contracts. Similar to the case of outright expropriation, political regime type is an important determinant of breach of contract. Furthermore, although investors' bargaining power becomes obsolete as contracts mature, contracts can be designed to mitigate the risk of breach of contract by involving multilateral organizations and creating buffers to absorb commodity price shocks. The paper examines the type of countries prone to contract breaches. After controlling for regional and sector fixed effects, less-democratic and resource-dependent governments are more likely to breach contracts, especially after large global shocks, notably natural disasters
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6738
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Aid for Trade : A Survey of Recent Studies (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cadot, Olivier Evaluating Aid for Trade
    Abstract: The demand for accountability in aid-for-trade is increasing but monitoring has focused on case studies and impressionistic narratives. The paper reviews recent evidence from a wide range of studies, recognizing that a multiplicity of approaches is needed to learn what works and what does not. The review concludes that there is some support for the emphasis on reducing trade costs through investments in hard infrastructure (like ports and roads) and soft infrastructure (like customs). But failure to implement complementary reform-especially the introduction of competition in transport services-may erode the benefits of these investments. Direct support to exporters does seem to lead to diversification across products and destinations, but it is not yet clear that these benefits are durable. In general, it is difficult to rely on cross-country studies to direct aid-for-trade. More rigorous impact evaluation is an underutilized alternative, but situations of clinical interventions in trade are rare and adverse incentives (because of agency problems) and costs (because of the small size of project) are a hurdle in implementation
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6742
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Sector Policy in Practice : Benchmarking Financial Sector Strategies around the World (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Maimbo, Samuel Munzele Financial Sector Policy in Practice
    Abstract: Policy makers use financial sector strategies to formulate a holistic policy for their national financial sectors. This paper examines and rates financial sector strategies around the world based on how well they formulate development targets, arrangements for systemic risk management, and implementation plans. The strategies are also rated on whether they consider policy trade-offs between financial development and systemic risk management. The rated strategies are then benchmarked against a wide range of country characteristics. The analysis finds that the scope and quality of national strategies for the financial sector are influenced by the country's type of legal system, its level of income and macroeconomic stability, the existing financial depth and inclusion, the share of foreign ownership in the national financial sector, and the experience of past financial crises. Giving due consideration to policy trade-offs, particularly between financial development and systemic risk management, remains the weakest part of these strategies. Countries with civil- and religious-based law and those with a higher share of foreign ownership in their financial system address the policy trade-offs more often
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6746
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can You Help Someone Become Financially Capable? : A Meta-Analysis of the Literature (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Miller, Margaret Can You Help Someone Become Financially Capable?
    Abstract: This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive meta-analysis of the literature on financial education interventions. The analysis focuses on financial education studies designed to strengthen the financial knowledge and behaviors of consumers. The analysis identifies 188 papers and articles that present impact results of interventions designed to increase consumers' financial knowledge (financial literacy) or skills, attitudes, and behaviors (financial capability). These papers are diverse across a number of dimensions, including objectives of the program intervention, expected outcomes, intensity and duration of the intervention, delivery channel used, and type of population targeted. However, there are a few key outcome indicators where a subset of papers are comparable, including those that address savings behavior, defaults on loans, and financial skills, such as record keeping. The results from the meta analysis indicate that financial literacy and capability interventions can have a positive impact in some areas (increasing savings and promoting financial skills such as record keeping) but not in others (credit default)
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6745
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Change in Ethiopia : An Employment Perspective (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Martins, Pedro Structural Change in Ethiopia
    Abstract: This paper investigates whether the Ethiopian economy is undergoing a virtuous process of structural change. In particular, it assesses the relative contributions of within-sector and between-sector productivity to output per capita growth. Based on data disaggregated into eight sectors for the period 1996-2011, the analysis suggests that the structure of output has changed considerably-predominantly from agriculture to services-but changes in the composition of employment have lagged behind. Labor productivity growth has been strong across most sectors, albeit mainly driven by within-sector productivity improvements. Nonetheless, the pace of structural change is accelerating and its relative contribution to output growth is increasing
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6749
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tailoring Civil Service Pay Analysis and Advice to Context : Challenges, Approaches, and the Case of Lao PDR (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Barma, Naazneen H Tailoring Civil Service Pay Analysis and Advice to Context
    Abstract: The adequacy of compensation for government workers and the affordability of the public sector wage bill are important concerns for many developing countries. Suitable pay is considered a necessary-albeit far from sufficient-condition for attracting and retaining skilled public sector staff. This paper makes the case for conducting fine-grained analysis of pay and compensation issues in order to enable an accurate assessment of the challenges faced and thereby to generate good-fit reform recommendations that are both principled and feasible. The first part of the paper focuses on prevalent challenges in pay reform, both contextual and analytical. It builds on the experiences from three very different settings: Armenia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Mongolia. The study begins by surveying some of the common difficulties in conducting granular analysis on civil service compensation. It then outlines a series of methodological approaches that can prove useful in developing comprehensive, targeted, and nuanced pay analyses and discusses how it is possible to overcome potential limitations in practice. The second half of the paper presents a case study of pay and compensation analysis in Lao PDR. The study illuminates how a number of these approaches can be combined in assessing a specific set of pay challenges and generating robust recommendations tailored to context. A brief postscript, with the benefit of hindsight on what subsequently happened on the ground in Lao PDR, reflects on the limitations of technical analysis in motivating reform implementation in practice
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6744
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    School Resource and Performance Inequality : Evidence from the Philippines (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi School Resource and Performance Inequality
    Abstract: This paper examines inequality patterns of school and teacher resources as well as student performance in the Philippines. School and teacher resources, measured by pupil classroom and teacher ratios and per-pupil teacher salary, became more unequal over time. Strikingly, a large portion of the variation is attributed to their within-division distributions, especially the non-city areas in each province (rural schools), where pupil classroom and teacher ratios have significantly positive returns in terms of student test scores. Concavity built into the education production function implies that reallocation of teachers and classrooms within a division can potentially increase average test scores. The estimates also imply that it is optimal to deploy young, inexperienced teachers to rural schools and reassign them to urban schools when the teachers are more experienced
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6748
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regulation and Noncompliance : Magnitudes and Patterns for India's Factories Act (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chatterjee, Urmila Regulation and Noncompliance
    Keywords: Gesellschaftsrecht ; Arbeitsrecht ; Normbefolgung ; Informelle Wirtschaft ; Betriebsgröße ; Produktivität ; Rechtsdurchsetzung ; Indien
    Abstract: Noncompliance with regulations by enterprises is said to be rife in developing countries. Yet there is limited systematic evidence of the magnitude of noncompliance at the enterprise level. Making innovative use of two complementary data sources, this paper quantifies noncompliance for India's Factories Act without the question of illegality ever being raised directly with enterprises. The paper finds that more than twice as many firms are not complying as are complying. Further, the number of noncompliant firms is much larger than the number of firms adjusting out of the regulation. Thus noncompliance with the Factories Act is a key feature of the "missing middle" in India. The paper explores the main trends and patterns of noncompliance and highlights a number of key issues for further analytical and policy research
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6755
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Housing Finance across Countries : New Data and Analysis (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Badev, Anton Housing Finance across Countries
    Abstract: This paper presents new data on the depth and penetration of mortgage markets across countries. There is a large variation across both dimensions of mortgage market development, across countries, but also-in terms of depth-within countries. Mortgage markets seem to develop only at relatively high levels of gross domestic product per capita. Policies associated with financial system development are also associated with mortgage market development, including price stability and the efficiency of contractual and information frameworks. The development of the insurance sector and the stock market, sources of long-term funding, is strongly associated with mortgage market development, while government subsidies and support are not. A benchmarking exercise compares the actual values of mortgage market development to values predicted by structural country factors and shows a large variation across countries and over time in the gap between predicted and actual values, related to specific policies but also mortgage boom and bust cycles
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6756
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 91
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What Goes up Must Come Down : Cyclicality in Public Wage Bill Spending (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eckardt, Sebastian What Goes up Must Come Down
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the cyclicality of public sector wage bill spending in Europe and Central Asia and assesses the impact of wage bill spending on fiscal discipline before, during, and after the global financial crisis of 2008/09. While there are important differences across countries, the results show that public sector wage bill spending tends to behave strongly pro-cyclically, especially in transition economies. Moreover, while wage bill spending is pro-cyclical during both good and bad times, adjustments during economic downturns tend to be sharper than expansions during periods of economic booms. In addition, there is evidence of political cycles, with stronger wage bill growth in pre-election periods. Finally, the analysis reveals that while the size of the wage bill does not seem to systematically affect fiscal discipline across countries, expansions within countries over time are associated with deteriorating fiscal positions. These findings provide a strong impetus for public wage and employment policies that aim to restrain excessive growth of the wage bill during boom periods. This prospective management of the wage bill would not only reduce the need for painful adjustments during periods of fiscal consolidation, but also contribute to strengthening the overall countercyclical and stabilizing impact of fiscal policies
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6760
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development through Seasonal Worker Programs : The Case of New Zealand's RSE Program (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gibson, John Development through Seasonal Worker Programs
    Abstract: Seasonal worker programs are increasingly seen as offering the potential to be part of international development policy. New Zealand's Recognised Seasonal Employer program is one of the first and most prominent of programs designed with this perspective. This paper provides a detailed examination of this policy through the first six seasons. This includes the important role of policy facilitation measures taken by governments and aid agencies. The evolution of the program in terms of worker numbers is discussed, along with new data on the (high) degree of circularity in worker movements, and new data on (very low) worker overstay rates. There appears to have been little displacement of New Zealand workers, and new data show Recognised Seasonal Employer workers to be more productive than local labor and that workers appear to gain productivity as they return for subsequent seasons. The program has also benefitted the migrants participating in the program, with increases in per capita incomes, expenditure, savings, and subjective well-being. Taken together, this evidence suggests that the program is largely living up to its promise of a "triple win" for migrants, their sending countries in the Pacific, and New Zealand
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6762
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Firms Doing Good : How Do We Know? Measurement of Social and Environmental Results (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Klein, Michael Firms Doing Good
    Abstract: Social impact investors, philanthropists, or corporations pursuing social responsibility try to demonstrate that they are indeed "doing good." This essay classifies the various types of measures that currently exist to capture social and environmental impact in a simple scheme. It argues that there is a basic "staircase of results measurement." A first level of measures captures some aspect of "organizational readiness." The next level describes some form of "result" that may or may not be attributable to the organization trying to do good. The third level gets at "impact" that can be attributed to an intervention. Beyond this, there are measures that assess the costs and benefits of interventions, allow aggregation of results from different interventions and comparison among them or across time. Finally, the essay discusses how measures are tied to incentives. It argues that the various approaches can produce more or less helpful measures but cannot be expected to yield anything approaching a true "double" or "triple" bottom line. A true "bottom line" involves aggregation and comparability of costs and benefits and provides incentives to perform. The multitude of social and environmental measurement schemes will by necessity remain a patchwork that can be thought of as describing the "product characteristics" of a company's output. Accounting profit remains the only measure that effectively aggregates costs and benefits and provides incentives. Profit itself is not just a necessity for organizational survival. It measures whether organizations meet client needs. It is thus an important measure of social impact in its own right. This may be unsurprising, but it sets expectations straight compared with currently widespread unrealistic hopes for the measurement of social and environmental impact and redirects attention to paying attention to profitability as part of impact measurement
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6773
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Domestic Public Debt in Low-Income Countries : Trends and Structure (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bua, Giovanna Domestic Public Debt in Low-Income Countries
    Abstract: This paper introduces a new data set on the stock and structure of domestic debt in 36 low-income countries over the period 1971-2011. It characterizes the recent trends regarding the do-mestic public debt of low-income countries and explores the relevance of different arguments put forward on the benefits and costs of government borrowing in local public debt markets. The main stylized fact emerging from the data is the increase in domestic government debt since 1996. It is also observed that poor countries have been able to increase the share of long-term in-struments over time and that maturity lengthening went together with a decrease in borrowing costs. However, the concentration of the investor base, mainly dominated by commercial banks and the central bank, may crowd out lending to the private sector
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6777
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informal Firms and Financial Inclusion : Status and Determinants (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Farazi, Subika Informal Firms and Financial Inclusion
    Abstract: Many firms in the developing world-including a majority of micro, small, and medium enterprises-operate in the informal economy. The informal firms face a variety of constraints, making it harder for them to do business and grow. Lack of access to finance is often cited as the biggest operational constraint these firms face. This paper documents the use of finance and financing patterns of informal firms, highlights differences between use of finance by formal and informal firms, and identifies the most significant characteristics of informal firms that are associated with higher use of financial services. The analysis shows that use of loans and bank accounts for business by informal firms is very low and a vast majority finances their day-to-day operations and investments through sources other than financial institutions (internal funds, moneylenders, family, and friends). A majority of informal firm owners would like their firms to become formal but do not do so as it would require them to pay taxes. Registered firms are 54 percent more likely to have a bank account and 32 percent more likely to have loans. Results also show that firm size, the level of education of the owner, and whether the owner has a job in the formal sector are significantly associated with financial inclusion of informal firms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6778
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Schady, Norbert Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries
    Keywords: 2003-2010 ; Frühkindliche Bildung ; Bildungsertrag ; Sozialer Status ; Sprache ; Robustes Verfahren ; Lateinamerika
    Abstract: Research from the United States shows that gaps in early cognitive and noncognitive abilities appear early in the life cycle. Little is known about this important question for developing countries. This paper provides new evidence of sharp differences in cognitive development by socioeconomic status in early childhood for five Latin American countries. To help with comparability, the paper uses the same measure of receptive language ability for all five countries. It finds important differences in development in early childhood across countries, and steep socioeconomic gradients within every country. For the three countries where panel data to follow children over time exists, there are few substantive changes in scores once children enter school. These results are robust to different ways of defining socioeconomic status, to different ways of standardizing outcomes, and to selective non-response on the measure of cognitive development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6779
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Academic Peer Effects with Different Group Assignment Policies : Residential Tracking versus Random Assignment (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Garlick, Robert Academic Peer Effects with Different Group Assignment Policies
    Keywords: Studierende ; Auswahl ; Bildungsertrag ; Südafrika
    Abstract: This paper studies the relative academic performance of students tracked or randomly assigned to South African university dormitories. Tracked or streamed assignment creates dormitories where all students obtained similar scores on high school graduation examinations. Random assignment creates dormitories that are approximately representative of the population of students. Tracking lowers students' mean grades in their first year of university and increases the variance or inequality of grades. This result is driven by a large negative effect of tracking on low-scoring students' grades and a near-zero effect on high-scoring students' grades. Low-scoring students are more sensitive to changes in their peer group composition and their grades suffer if they live only with low-scoring peers. In this setting, residential tracking has undesirable efficiency (lower mean) and equity (higher variance) effects. The result isolates a pure peer effect of tracking, whereas classroom tracking studies identify a combination of peer effects and differences in teacher behavior across tracked and untracked classrooms. The negative pure peer effect of residential tracking suggests that classroom tracking may also have negative effects unless teachers are more effective in homogeneous classrooms. Random variation in peer group composition under random dormitory assignment also generates peer effects. Living with higher-scoring peers increases students' grades and the effect is larger for low-scoring students. This is consistent with the aggregate effects of tracking relative to random assignment. However, using peer effects estimated in randomly assigned groups to predict outcomes in tracked groups yields unreliable predictions. This illustrates a more general risk that peer effects estimated under one peer group assignment policy provide limited information about how peer effects might work with a different peer group assignment policy
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6787
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population Pressures, Migration, and the Returns to Human Capital and Land : Insights from Indonesia (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Liu, Yanyan Population Pressures, Migration, and the Returns to Human Capital and Land
    Abstract: Rapid population growth in many developing countries has raised concerns regarding food security and household welfare. To understand the consequences of population growth in a general equilibrium setting, this paper examines the dynamics of population density and its impacts on household outcomes. The analysis uses panel data from Indonesia combined with district-level demographic data. Historically, Indonesia has adapted to land constraints through a mix of agricultural intensification, expansion of the land frontier, and nonfarm diversification, with public policies playing a role in catalyzing all of these responses. In contemporary Indonesia, the paper finds that human capital determines the effect of increased population density on per capita household consumption expenditure. On the one hand, the effect of population density is positive if the average educational attainment is high (above junior high school), while it is negative otherwise. On the other hand, farmers with larger holdings maintain their advantage in farming regardless of population density. The paper concludes with some potential lessons for African countries from Indonesia's more successful rural development experiences
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6790
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Intermittent Screening and Treatment for Malaria among School Children in Kenya : A Cluster Randomized Trial (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Halliday, Katherine E Impact of Intermittent Screening and Treatment for Malaria among School Children in Kenya
    Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of intermittent screening and treatment of malaria on the health and education of school children in an area of low-to-moderate malaria transmission. A cluster randomized trial was implemented with 5,233 children in 101 government primary schools on the south coast of Kenya in 2010-12. The intervention was delivered to children randomly selected from classes 1 and 5 who were followed up twice across 24 months. Once during each school term, public health workers used malaria rapid diagnostic tests to screen the children. Children who tested positive were treated with a six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine. Given the nature of the intervention, the trial was not blinded. The primary outcomes were anemia and sustained attention and the secondary outcomes were malaria parasitaemia and educational achievement. The data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Anemia in this setting in Kenya, intermittent screening and treatment, as implemented in this study, is not effective in improving the health or education of school children. Possible reasons for the absence of an impact are the marked geographical heterogeneity in transmission, the rapid rate of reinfection following artemether-lumefantrine treatment, the variable reliability of malaria rapid diagnostic tests, and the relative contribution of malaria to the etiology of anemia in this setting
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6791
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Customs, Brokers, and Informal Sectors : A Cameroon Case Study (2014)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cantens, Thomas Customs, Brokers, and Informal Sectors
    Abstract: Based on extensive interviews with informal importers and brokers in Cameroon, this paper explains why customs reform aimed at reducing fraud and corruption may be difficult to achieve. Informal traders and brokers (without licenses) follow various business models and practices, which are product-specific. Overall, what matters first are customs brokers' practices. Information asymmetries mark transactions between brokers and importers and are accompanied by misperceptions of the costs and risks of informal brokers working among informal importers. In a low-governance environment with widespread informal practices, blanket policies should be avoided in order to discourage activities of unprofessional and systematic bribe-taker brokers. It is also essential that customs officials disrupt information asymmetries and better disseminate information to informal importers on customs processes and official costs. Finally, customs should more strongly sanction some informal brokers in order to reduce collusion with some customs officers
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-6788
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...