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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (488)
  • GBV  (1)
  • 2005-2009  (488)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (488)
  • Education  (488)
Datasource
  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (488)
  • GBV  (1)
  • BSZ  (1)
  • KOBV  (1)
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur à l'horizon 2030 -- Volume 2 ; Mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Globalisation
    DDC: 378.00112
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; Forschungskooperation ; Hochschulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; OECD
    Abstract: Growing flows of knowledge, people and financing cross national borders and feed both worldwide collaboration and competition. These effects of globalisation increasingly impact higher education. How then might the future higher education scene look at the global level? What are the challenges and opportunities brought by globalisation? How can countries and institutions best cope with and benefit from future changes? Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this book provides a comprehensive and structured look at these essential questions. It explores the topic of cross-border higher education in terms of student, faculty and institutional mobility, providing a specific focus on academic research. Other issues addressed include higher education provision, financing, governance and quality assurance, with an emphasis on the use of market-like mechanisms. The book covers most OECD countries as well as many non-OECD countries and offers the reader specific reflections on China, India and European co-operation.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264066649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Designing local skills strategies
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Ungelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Angelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Berufliche Fortbildung
    Abstract: Higher-level skills are increasingly demanded by the knowledge-based economy. But with rising mobility and demographic change, it is no longer so simple to invest in a skilled workforce for the future. Actions are needed on a variety of fronts, including attracting and retaining talent, better integrating disadvantaged groups into the labour force, and upgrading the skills of low-paid workers. Much of the responsibility for these actions falls squarely on the shoulders of local policy makers. Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration. The in-depth case studies in this report range from Shanghai’s “Highland of Talent Strategy” to new “career ladders” which help immigrants escape low-skilled, low-paid employment in New York. National and local-level recommendations on local skills development are provided, for both OECD and non-OECD countries.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.38
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This research review reports on articles presenting empirical research in the area of how teacher-training institutions work on preparing future teachers for the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their future classrooms. It was conducted mainly in English and French and covers research in 11 OECD-countries during the years 2002–2009. The research is unanimous, even if it is not comprehensive, and it shows that ICT is not used regularly or systematically in the countries reviewed. There are good examples, carried out by enthusiastic teacher trainers, but only a minority of the student teachers benefit from this. Very few articles report innovative use of recent technology. Most of the research reports on the use of computers and traditional computer software. Overall, student teachers do not integrate technology into their teaching. A number of reasons for this are identified. The overall picture is that implementation is necessary at all levels (macro, meso, micro) for a successful outcome, but research also gives examples of how problems can be overcome at a micro-level, which is the level of the actors' pedagogical practice. Enthusiasts do seem to have room for maneuver, but the lack of incentives makes it difficult to involve everyone.
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluer la qualité des espaces éducatifs : Etude pilote du CELE/OCDE
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: CELE’s International Pilot Project on Evaluating Quality in Educational Spaces aims to assist education authorities, schools and others to maximise the use of and investment in learning environments. This article provides an update on the pilot project, which is currently being implemented in Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United Kingdom.
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Both within and beyond the OECD region, governments and other stakeholders are increasingly interested in the assessments of the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are for the challenges of the knowledge based society. The current paper provides an overview of the two international assessments of adult literacy which have already taken place in the OECD region – the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS) and the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) as well as of the forthcoming OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The conceptual framework for the assessments is described with a focus on the links between the different assessments. In addition, the paper provides a survey of the outputs of IALS and ALL including a review of the major themes addressed in the literature which has used data from these surveys as well as a brief discussion of their policy impact.
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Architecture scolaire : des exemples à suivre en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Contemporary education design strongly emphasises stimulating, adaptable learning environments, with spaces able to support various styles of teaching and learning. Delivering successful school buildings requires a close collaborative relationship between the architect and all key stakeholders from initial briefing through to project handover. The brief should identify the opportunities and challenges to create an exciting architectural solution which is functional, aspirational and contextually responsible. The design should demonstrate adaptability and flexibility, maintainability, attention to siting, a culture of community, and sustainability. The building programme and budget also require special attention. The photographs throughout this article show a variety of examples of educational facilities in Perth, Australia, across both the primary and secondary levels. They demonstrate the role architecture can play in creating stimulating learning environments and communities of excellence.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.23
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper discusses the most relevant issues concerning teacher evaluation in primary and secondary education by reviewing the recent literature and analysing current practices within the OECD countries. First, it provides a conceptual framework highlighting key features of teacher evaluation schemes. In particular, it emphasises the importance of clarifying the purposes of teacher appraisal, whether summative when designed to assure that the practices enhancing student learning are undertaken or formative when conducted for further professional development objectives. It also encompasses the diverse criteria and instruments commonly used to assess teachers as well as the actors generally involved in the process and potential consequences for teachers’ professional life. Second, it deals with a number of contentious points, including the question of the use of student outcomes to measure teaching performance, the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches given the purpose emphasised and resource restrictions, the implementation difficulties resulting from different stakeholders’ interests and possible ways to overcome these obstacles. Finally, it provides an account of current empirical evidence, pointing out mixed results stemming from difficulties in assessing the effects of such evaluation schemes on teaching quality, teachers’ motivation and student learning. It concludes by considering the circumstances under which teacher evaluation systems seem to be more effective, fair and reliable. Developing a comprehensive approach to evaluate teachers is critical to make demands for educational best practice compatible with teachers’ appropriation of the process as well as to enhance the decisive attractiveness and recognition of the teaching profession.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Campania Region's Educational Quality Facilities Project
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Grâce au soutien financier du Fonds Européen de Développement Régional (FEDER) (Programme 2009- 2013) et d’autres dispositifs de financement italiens, la région de Campanie a lancé un projet visant à améliorer la qualité de ses bâtiments scolaires, en partenariat avec le centre de recherche CISEM de Milan1. Le budget total de ce « projet sur la qualité de l’environnement éducatif » s’élève à près de 600 millions d'euros. La région de Campanie s’est engagée à allouer aux municipalités et aux provinces les fonds nécessaires aux travaux de construction et à l’installation de nouveaux équipements.
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/03
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. An Australian Approach to School Design
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Pour concevoir des installations scolaires adaptées, il faut au préalable s’assurer que le projet est parfaitement compris durant les phases critiques que sont la préparation et la conception. Construits dans la ville de Perth, les bâtiments scolaires contemporains présentés dans les paragraphes qui suivent donneront au lecteur un aperçu de quelques modèles architecturaux exemplaires.
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. San Diego's Capital Planning Process
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Dans le cadre de son mécanisme de planification de l’équipement, le San Diego Unified School District (Californie, États-Unis) a établi une analyse systématique de la qualité fonctionnelle dans chacun de ses établissements scolaires. La qualité fonctionnelle représente un critère déterminant dans la planification des équipements éducatifs ainsi qu’un complément nécessaire à l’évaluation de l’état du bâtiment.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Programme de modernisation des établissements d'enseignement secondaire au Portugal
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: The aim of the Secondary School Modernisation Programme, being implemented in Portugal by Parque Escolar, EPE, is based on the pursuit of quality and makes Portuguese education a potential international benchmark. This paper discusses the strategies adopted to reorganise school spaces. It describes the conceptual model and highlights the solutions proposed for libraries, science teaching spaces and museum units.
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.24
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Do some forms of student (and school) assessment hinder the introduction of innovative educational practices and the development of innovation skills in education systems? This report focuses on the impact of high-stake summative assessment on innovation and argues that it is possible to reconcile high-stakes assessments and examinations through innovative approaches to testing. While necessary, assessment based on high-stake examinations often acts as an incentive to teach or study “to the test”. It may thus limit risk-taking by teachers, students and parents, for instance. The problem may be amplified if a system of accountability and incentives uses the results of these examinations and tests to assess teachers and schools. What should be done to ensure that the systems used to assess education systems do not stifle the risk-taking inherent to innovation – and that they foster innovation skills in students? This study proposes three main ways of combining assessment and innovation: 1) developing a wide range of performance measurements for both students and schools; 2) rethinking the alignment of standards and assessment; 3) measuring the impact of assessments on teaching and learning. One way of influencing teaching and learning might be to modify high-stake testing. Systems will adapt to this, and both teaching and learning will focus on acquiring the right skills. Rather than testing the content of learning, standards could relate to cognitive skills such as problem-solving, communicating and reasoning – with test/examination developers adapting those skills to subjects such as mathematics, science or literary analysis. Similarly, more use might be made of innovative assessment methods based on information and communication technologies, inasmuch as these may feature simulation or interactivity, for instance, at a reasonable cost. Focusing the assessment on cognitive processes rather than content would leave more scope for teachers to put in place innovative teaching/learning strategies. This does, however, assume a high standard of professionalism in teachers and an adequate system of continuing training and knowledge management. As a single type of assessment cannot fully capture student learning, one effective strategy might also be to multiply the number of measurements and thus relieve the pressure on students and teachers to perform well in a single, high-visibility, high-stake test. At the same time, this larger number of measurements could provide the necessary input for systems based on accountability, diagnosis and assessment of the effectiveness of innovative practice. Finally, assessing the technical standard of tests and examinations is an integral part of their development, but it is less common to address the impact they have on teaching/learning or the validity of how their results are used. Since assessment is an integral part of the education process, it is just as important to assess tests and examinations as it is other educational practices in order to achieve improvements and innovation in educational assessment, but also in educational practice.
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluating Quality in Educational Spaces: OECD/CELE Pilot Project
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’Étude pilote internationale du CELE pour l’évaluation de la qualité des espaces éducatifs a pour objectif d’aider les autorités éducatives, les écoles et d’autres à optimiser l’utilisation des investissements dans les environnements pédagogiques. Cet article donne un aperçu de l’avancement de l’étude pilote actuellement mise en œuvre au Brésil, au Mexique, en Nouvelle-Zélande, au Portugal et au Royaume-Uni.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/04
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Procédures de planification de l'équipement à San Diego
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Capital planning for schools should include both qualitative and quantitative dimensions. And while building condition remains an important and necessary factor in short- and long-range facility planning, by itself it is not sufficient to reveal the full range of building performance issues or to guide decision making and strategies for prudent capital investments. Functionality – sometimes referred to as “serviceability” or “fitness of purpose” – has to do with how school buildings and sites support users’ activities. Its reference points are the owner’s operating requirements that represent the purposes and objectives for which the facility was originally designed and built, plus the many new functional requirements that have inevitably arisen over time (driven by such factors as enrolment growth or decline, grade reconfiguration, trends in curriculum, technology or educational philosophy, and community uses). In terms of functionality, a school can have positive attributes – it can be safe and secure, healthy and comfortable, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, even uplifting and inspirational – or negative ones – it can be overcrowded or underutilised, dilapidated or obsolete, inefficient and expensive, or even dangerous. There is a welcome and growing body of literature on links between the functional quality of educational buildings and the academic performance of the students who occupy them. This research is also consistent with new attention to the environmental aspects of schools, which are significant in terms of embodied pedagogy, the health and comfort of educators and learners, and, indeed, the long-term prospects for life on the planet.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Buildings in Today's Crisis
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Afin de comprendre l’impact à ce jour de la crise économique et financière actuelle sur les programmes de construction et d’équipement de l’éducation, le Centre de l’OCDE pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces (CELE) mène actuellement une enquête auprès des pays et régions membres. L’enquête porte sur trois questions principales : l’impact de la crise sur les projets financés par l’État, l’impact sur les projets financés par des initiatives de financement privées ou par le biais de partenariats public-privé et la mesure dans laquelle la crise a affecté la capacité de l’industrie du bâtiment à construire des écoles.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainability Innovation in United Kingdom Schools
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Cet article émet des recommandations sur les approches à adopter en vue de la conception d’environnements pédagogiques durables. Les auteurs présentent des exemples récents de bâtiments scolaires britanniques qui réduisent leurs émissions de carbone et capitalisent sur les sources d’énergie renouvelables, et prédisent la manière dont les écoles répondront à leurs besoins énergétiques dans le futur.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/10
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Durabilité et innovation dans les écoles du Royaume-Uni
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This article recommends approaches to take in designing sustainable educational environments. The authors present recent examples of UK school buildings that reduce carbon emissions and capitalise on renewable energy sources, and predict how schools will respond to energy needs in the future.
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  • 18
    Language: French
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Monitoring the Quality of School Buildings in Belgium's Flemish Community
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Au cours de l’année 2008, l’Office flamand pour l’infrastructure scolaire (AGIOn) a évalué la qualité des bâtiments scolaires en Flandres, en utilisant un système de contrôle basé sur l’expérience internationale. Les résultats ont démontré que la plupart des bâtiments scolaires répondent aux exigences de base en matière d’habitabilité et de sécurité, mais ne sont pas à la hauteur en ce qui concerne les défis pédagogiques et sociaux du XXIe siècle.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264068780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (306 p.)
    Series Statement: TALIS
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Creating effective teaching and learning environments
    DDC: 371.1/02/072
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Sekundarstufe ; Lehrer ; Lernumwelt
    Abstract: This publication is the first report from the International Teaching and Learning Survey (TALIS). It provides quantitative, policy-relevant information on the teaching and learning environment in schools in 23 countries and has a focus on lower secondary education. School effectiveness research consistently shows that the quality of the learning environment is the most important policy-malleable factor for positive student learning and student outcomes. In recognition of this, TALIS explores key policies and practices that shape the learning environment. The important role that school leadership can play in creating effective schools is well documented. TALIS illustrates the roles and functions that school leaders adopt within schools – often facing quite different circumstances - and examines how these roles support teachers in their work. Retaining and developing effective teachers is a priority in all school systems and TALIS examines how teachers‟ work is recognised, appraised and rewarded and how well the professional development needs of teachers are being addressed. Perhaps the most innovative aspect of TALIS is the insights it provides on the teaching beliefs that teachers bring to the classroom and the pedagogical practices that they adopt. TALIS cannot measure which practices or beliefs are most effective but it does show how these associate with some of the conditions that are pre-requisites for effective schooling.
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.42
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper examines the current academic and policy literatures concerning school evaluation in primary and secondary education within the OECD countries. First, it provides a typology of the existing systems of school evaluation across the OECD. It encompasses the diverse criteria and instruments commonly used to carry out schools evaluation, as well as the players involved in the design and implementation of school evaluation. It also describes potential consequences for schools. Second, this paper analyses how school evaluation schemes are interrelated with other components of the evaluation framework, such as teacher evaluation and system evaluation. The potential complementarities, duplication and inconsistency of objectives stemming from these interrelations are discussed. Third, this paper presents the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches to school evaluation, the resistance and implementation difficulties resulting from misalignment of interests between different stakeholders, and possible ways to overcome impediments to implementation. Finally, it reviews the quantitative and qualitative evidence available on the impact of different school evaluation schemes on school performance, student learning and the incentives for the teaching staff. It concludes by considering the circumstances under which school evaluation schemes seem to be more conducive to school improvement. The effectiveness of school evaluation schemes relies on developing competencies for evaluation and for using feedbacks. Alignment of stakeholders' interests is also critical to have the support of those being assessed.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048096
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (420 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The PISA 2006 Technical Report describes the methodology underlying the PISA 2006 survey. It examines additional features related to the implementation of the project at a level of detail that allows researchers to understand and replicate its analyses. The reader will find a wealth of information on the test and sample design, methodologies used to analyse the data, technical features of the project and quality control mechanisms.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Inclusion des élèves à besoins éducatifs spéciaux dans les écoles en Irlande
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: These guidelines offer information on space planning and design for school principals, boards of management and designers to make permanent learning facilities available for pupils with special educational needs across the 26 counties of Ireland. The guidelines reflect many of the recent changes in the country’s educational system, changes that have placed greater demands on schools for additional space to account for a growing range of teaching and support services for pupils with autistic spectrum disorders, emotional disturbance and/or behaviour problems, speech and language difficulties, hearing impairment, visual impairment, multi-sensory impairment, and other needs.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.17
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper provides a survey of recent developments in the reporting of intangible assets. It finds that rather than the wholesale restructuring of the accounting model that was proposed years ago, the trend has been to address gaps in reporting with new forms of reporting. New forms of reporting appear better suited to capture the type of information that users of intangibles data seek. Financial reporting standards continue to change both at the national and the international level with the result that they are better able to capture some types of intangibles data. Even so, some areas such as human capital remain difficult to reflect in traditional financial statements. Users interested in human capital information are much better served by reports that are tailored to their needs, and by reporting techniques that take into account the specificities of human capital. On the policy front, companies are receiving considerable encouragement to provide more information on the intangible drivers of corporate performance than ever before. In Europe, part of the impetus has been the Accounts Modernisation Directive, which requires an “enhanced director’s report” that can include a discussion of human capital to the extent that directors feel that it is important for a full understanding of the business and its performance.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.22
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Education plays an essential role in preparing the children of immigrants for participation in the labour market and society. Giving these children opportunities to fully develop their potential is vital for future economic growth and social cohesion in OECD countries. But migrant students in most OECD countries tend to have lower education outcomes than their native peers. Extensive previous research has described the system level, school level and individual level factors that influence the education outcomes of migrant students. Building on such previous research, this paper looks at the ways in which education policies can influence these factors to help provide better educational opportunities for migrant students.
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  • 25
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/01
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Including Pupils with Special Educational Needs in Schools in Ireland
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: Rédigées à l’attention des chefs d’établissements, des conseils d’administration et des concepteurs, ces directives fournissent des indications en matière de planification et de conception de l’espace avec pour objectif la fourniture d’installations d’apprentissage permanentes conçues pour les élèves ayant des besoins éducatifs spéciaux dans les 26 comtés de l’Irlande. Ces directives reflètent nombre des changements récents dans le système éducatif irlandais, des changements qui ont accentué la nécessité de créer des espaces supplémentaires en mesure d’accueillir l’éventail croissant de services d’enseignement et de soutien destinés aux élèves présentant des troubles autistiques, des troubles émotifs et/ou des problèmes comportementaux, des troubles du langage, des déficiences auditives ou visuelles, des troubles multisensoriels ou d’autres besoins.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.35
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to monitor how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This builds on the numeracy framework developed for the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL). Numeracy is broadly defined and complemented with a definition of ‘numerate behaviour’. Four facets of numerate behaviour are identified and described to guide the development of assessment tasks.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Contrôle de la qualité des bâtiments scolaires dans la communauté flamande de Belgique
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: In the course of 2008, the Flemish Agency for Infrastructure in Education (AGIOn) evaluated the quality of school buildings in Flanders using a monitoring system based on international experience. The results showed that most school buildings satisfy the basic requirements of habitability and safety, but they often fall short when it comes to the new pedagogical and social challenges of the 21st century.
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  • 28
    Language: French
    Pages: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Rebuilding Schools after the Wenchuan Earthquake: China Visits OECD, Italy and Turkey
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Suite au tremblement de terre en Chine en mai 2008, des représentants du gouvernement chinois se sont rendus à l’OCDE, en Italie et en Turquie pour tirer parti de l’expérience internationale en matière de sûreté sismique.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264056275
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (475 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performances in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database and worked examples providing full syntax in SPSS®.
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9789264063600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (116 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; OECD ; PISA-Studie
    Abstract: The OECD’s PISA 2006 assessment of the science competencies of 15-year-olds offers the first comprehensive and internationally comparative knowledge base of students’ knowledge about the environment and environment-related issues. Green at Fifteen? presents an analysis of this knowledge base, including information on the sources of students’ awareness of environmental science, their attitudes towards the environment and how these attitudes interrelate with their performance in environmental science.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les bâtiments scolaires au cœur de la crise actuelle
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: To get a picture of the impact of the current economic and financial crisis on educational building programmes so far, the OECD Centre for Effective Learning Environments (CELE) has been conducting a survey of member countries and regions. The survey focuses on three main issues: the impact of the crisis on publicly funded projects, the impact on projects funded by private finance initiatives or through a public-private partnership, and the extent to which the crisis has affected the construction industry’s ability to build schools.
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  • 32
    Language: French
    Pages: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Échanges, Centre pour des environnements pédagogiques efficaces no.2009/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Portugal's Secondary School Modernisation Programme
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: L’objectif du Programme de modernisation des établissements d’enseignement secondaire, mis en oeuvre au Portugal par Parque Escolar, EPE, est fondé sur la recherche de la qualité et fait de l’éducation portugaise une référence internationale potentielle. Cet article présente les stratégies adoptées pour réorganiser les espaces scolaires. Il décrit le modèle conceptuel et souligne les solutions proposées pour les bibliothèques, les espaces réservés à l’enseignement des sciences et les unités muséologiques.
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.36
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations for the purposes of monitoring how well prepared they are for the challenges of the new information world. The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework developed for the assessment of problem solving in technology-rich environments for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). This covers the specific class of problems that people encounter when using information and communication technologies. These include problems where the existence of the problem is a consequence of the availability of new technologies, where the solution requires the use of computer-based applications or where the problem relates to the management or use of information technologies.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264049079
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of the Czech Republic's tertiary education system, including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development with a view to helping understand how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help achieve economic and social goals.
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  • 35
    Language: English
    Pages: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.41
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper discusses issues related to the teaching and assessment of 21st century skills and competencies in OECD countries drawing on the findings of a questionnaire study and other relevant background material such as white papers or curriculum documents. Although all OECD countries were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey, responses were received from seventeen countries or regions, and the paper focuses primarily on this group. The paper presents a short discussion of the importance and relevance of 21st century skills and competencies in the current policy debate and the definitions and conceptual frameworks that have been used in the literature, and proposes a new three-dimensional framework, consisting of the dimensions of information, communication and ethics and social impact. The findings of the questionnaire survey show that most countries or regions cover 21st century skills and competencies in their regulations, guidelines or recommendations for compulsory education. However, there are few specific definitions of these skills and competencies at national or regional level and virtually no clear formative or summative assessment policies for these skills. The only evaluation regarding their teaching is often left to external inspectors as part of their whole school audits. Similarly there are few teacher training programmes that target the teaching or development of 21st century skills, although there exist several teacher training initiatives that focus on developing teachers’ ICT pedagogical skills, most of them optional. The paper discusses the implications of these findings especially with regard to the particular role of ICT in the development of these skills and competencies, and issues related to assessment practices and teacher training.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.33
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Governments and other stakeholders have become increasingly interested in assessing the skills of their adult populations in order to examine how well prepared they are to meet the challenges of the modern knowledge-based society. The current paper provides a conceptual framework for the assessment of reading component skills in the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The assessment of component skills is intended to provide a greater level of information about the skills of individuals with low levels of literacy proficiency than has been available from previous international assessments. The ‘component skills ’identified for the assessment are vocabulary knowledge, sentence processing and passage comprehension.
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.39
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: An epidemic of obesity has been developing in virtually all OECD countries over the last 30 years. Existing evidence provides strong suggestions that such epidemic has affected certain social groups more than others. In particular, education appears to be associated with a lower likelihood of obesity, especially among women. A range of analyses of health survey data from Australia, Canada, England and Korea were undertaken with the aim of exploring the relationship between education and obesity. The findings of these analyses show a broadly linear relationship between the number of years spent in full-time education and the probability of obesity, with most educated individuals displaying lower rates of the condition (the only exception being men in Korea). This suggests that marginal returns to education, in terms of reduction in obesity rates, are approximately constant throughout the education spectrum. The findings obtained confirm that the education gradient in obesity is stronger in women than in men. Differences between genders are minor in Australia and Canada, more pronounced in England and major in Korea. The causal nature of the link between education and obesity has not yet been proven with certainty; however, using data from France we were able to ascertain that the direction of causality appears to run mostly from education to obesity, as the strength of the association is only minimally affected when accounting for reduced educational opportunities for those who are obese in young age. Most of the effect of education on obesity is direct. Small components of the overall effect of education on obesity are mediated by an improved socio-economic status linked to higher levels of education, and by a higher level of education of other family members, associated with an individual’s own level of education. The positive effect of education on obesity is likely to be determined by at least three factors: (a) greater access to health-related information and improved ability to handle such information; (b) clearer perception of the risks associated with lifestyle choices; and, (c) improved self-control and consistency of preferences over time. However, it is not just the absolute level of education achieved by an individual that matters, but also how such level of education compares with that of the individual’s peers. The higher the individual’s education relative to his or her peers’, the lower is the probability of the individual being obese.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264039575
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 2; Case Studies on System Leadership
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership
    Keywords: Education ; Schulverwaltung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: La fonction de chef d’établissement scolaire a radicalement changé. En effet, les pays transforment leurs systèmes éducatifs pour préparer les jeunes aux mutations technologiques rapides d’aujourd’hui, à la mondialisation de l’économie et à l’accroissement des migrations. Dans ce contexte, les chefs d’établissement ont une nouvelle mission qui leur permet d’élargir leur champ d’activité au-delà des limites de leur propre établissement. Il s’agit maintenant pour eux de contribuer non seulement au succès de leur école mais aussi à celui du système dans son ensemble – afin que chaque école soit une bonne école. En quoi la direction systémique peut-elle contribuer à améliorer l’école ? Cet ouvrage dévoile les points de vue des spécialistes sur la question. Les études de cas portent sur des stratégies novatrices de répartition des fonctions de direction dans les établissements scolaires en Belgique (Flandre), en Finlande et au Royaume-Uni (Angleterre) ainsi que sur des programmes de perfectionnement de la direction en vue d’une amélioration du système en Australie et en Autriche. Ces pratiques étant nouvelles, cet ouvrage présente une première perspective comparée de l’état actuel de la direction systémique à l’échelle mondiale.
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264034358
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Evaluación y reconocimiento de la calidad de los docentes ; Prácticas internacionales
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Evaluating and rewarding the quality of teachers
    DDC: 371.12
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Vergütungssystem ; Performance-Messung ; Welt ; Teachers Rating of ; Teachers Salaries, etc ; Education ; OECD ; Lehrer ; Lehren ; Qualität ; Evaluation
    Abstract: Drawing on relevant international research, including information from experts’ presentations and papers given at the December 2008 Joint Conference between the OECD and the Government of Mexico, this book sets out good practice in the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers. With this aim in mind, the book provides analysis and discussion of the design and implementation of incentive systems for teachers as well as guidance on what should be rewarded and how it should it be measured, who should be rewarded, how they should they be rewarded and how policies should be developed and implemented to ensure stakeholder engagement and commitment.
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 40
    ISBN: 9789264074026
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 ; Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 : Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A medida que los países se esfuerzan por reformar sus sistemas educativos y mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes, el liderazgo escolar se ha convertido en una prioridad de política educativa. Pero en muchos países, los hombres y mujeres que dirigen las escuelas están sobrecargados de trabajo, reciben salarios bajos y se acercan a su retiro. Y hay pocas personas que aspiran a ser los futuros directores escolares. ¿Cuáles son las funciones de dirección más eficaces para mejorar el aprendizaje de los alumnos? ¿Cómo asignar y distribuir mejor las distintas tareas de liderazgo? ¿Cómo desarrollar las habilidades apropiadas para un liderazgo eficaz? ¿Cómo hacer la profesión atractiva para candidatos de alta calidad? Este libro está basado en un estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y prácticas de liderazgo escolar en el mundo. Ofrece una valiosa perspectiva internacional, identifica cuatro áreas específicas de acción y una gama de opciones de política educativa para ayudar a los gobiernos a mejorar el liderazgo escolar ahora y desarrollar un liderazgo escolar sostenible para el futuro. Volúmenes complementarios Improving School Leadership Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership examina métodos innovadores para compartir el liderazgo entre las escuelas de Bélgica (Flandes), Finlandia y el Reino Unido (Inglaterra), así como los programas de desarrollo de liderazgo para la mejora del sistema en Australia y Austria. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar: herramientas de trabajo está diseñado para apoyar a los encargados de política educativa y a los practicantes en la planificación de procesos de reforma para escuelas y sistemas educativos en su contexto nacional. El liderazgo escolar eficaz es considerado como clave para la reforma educativa en el mundo. Estos libros serán de interés para encargados de política educativa, consejos escolares, administradores escolares, directores, maestros y padres de familia.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264060777
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Top of the class
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; PISA-Studie ; OECD ; Naturwissenschaften ; Unterricht ; Qualität
    Abstract: The rapidly growing demand for highly skilled workers has led to a global competition for talent. While basic competencies are important for the absorption of new technologies, high-level skills are critical for the creation of new knowledge, technologies and innovation. The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has taken an innovative approach to examining educational excellence, by directly assessing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes and exploring how these relate to the characteristics of individual students, schools and education systems. Based on PISA survey results, this report examines who the highest performing students are, what the characteristics of the schools they attend are, to what extent they engage in science related activities outside of school, what their motivations and attitudes towards science are, and what their career intentions are.
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9789264056251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (467 p.)
    Edition: Second Edition
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education ; Economics
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys collected data on students’ performance in reading, mathematics and science, as well as contextual information on students’ background, home characteristics and school factors which could influence performance. This publication includes detailed information on how to analyse the PISA data, enabling researchers to both reproduce the initial results and to undertake further analyses. In addition to the inclusion of the necessary techniques, the manual also includes a detailed account of the PISA 2006 database. It also includes worked examples providing full syntax in SAS®.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reconstruire les écoles après le tremblement de terre du Wenchuan : La Chine s'inspire de l'expérience de l'OCDE, de l'Italie et de la Turquie
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Following the May 2008 earthquake in China, government officials visited the OECD, Italy and Turkey to draw lessons from international experience in seismic safety.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 73 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.25
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report seeks to address critical issues such as these by synthesising the evidence on innovations in more market-driven education systems. The analysis draws on data from over 20 OECD and non-OECD countries, including both developed nations that seek to move beyond established systems of state-run schools, and developing nations where formal and de facto policies promote more free-market approaches to educational expansion. In doing this, the report focuses on the primary and secondary levels, where education is usually compulsory. The more universal nature of educational access at those levels provides a different set of conditions and incentives compared to the post-compulsory tertiary level. And the report pays special attention to the charter school experiment in North America, where reformers explicitly tried to create more competitive conditions in order to encourage the development of innovations in the education sector. Policy approaches such as this that use decentralisation, deregulation, greater levels of autonomy, competition and choice may have singular potential to induce innovations in the education sector, both in how education is organised and the school content that is delivered — critical concerns if the education sector is to be more effective and reach under-served populations.
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Campanie lance un projet sur la qualité de l'environnement éducatif
    Keywords: Education ; Italy
    Abstract: Thanks to financing from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (2009-2013 Programme) and other Italian funding programmes, the Campania Region has begun a project to improve the quality of its school buildings, in partnership with the research centre CISEM of Milan.1 The Educational Quality Facilities (EQF) project has a total budget of about EUR 600 million. The Campania Region will allocate the necessary funds to the municipalities and provinces for the construction and equipment involved.
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Human capital – the productive capacity that is embedded in people – is one of the most important contributors to the growth in nations’ output and standard of living. Globalisation and technological change have increased the importance of human capital in recent years, to the point that there are now only two options to sustain high profits and high wages in developed nations: escalating the skill levels of individuals or developing superior capacity for managing those skills and “human capital” more broadly. Employers have responded to these new phenomena by increasing wages for employees with more skills and by increasing their use of downsizing and other methods (such as “offshoring”) intended to reduce labour costs. There is little evidence, however, that such efforts by employers have improved profits, productivity, or stock price performance. Employer-provided training for employees represents one method of improving the skill level of a nation’s workforce. Although long-standing economic theory suggests that existing incentives for employers and employees should naturally yield the delivery of an optimal level of training, there is new awareness of a variety of market failures that may be causing a sub-optimal level of training, despite evidence that points to a positive relationship between employer-provided training and firm outcomes (productivity, profitability, employee retention, customer retention, stock performance).
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Education Working Papers no.34
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The current paper provides an overview of the conceptual framework for the assessment of numeracy developed for the OECD’s Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC).
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  • 48
    ISBN: 9789264049055
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Korea's tertiary education system, including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264060098
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting consumer education
    DDC: 381.33
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Verbraucherpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Verbrauchererziehung ; Verbraucherschutz ; Internationaler Vergleich ; OECD
    Abstract: Consumers today are challenged by growing amounts of information and wider choices of products, requiring them to develop skills and knowledge for making good choices in complex markets. This publication examines the approaches that governments use to promote consumer education in OECD and some non-OECD countries, highlighting the policies and measures that have been particularly effective. It also analyses recent trends, the role of stakeholders, steps being taken to evaluate the effectiveness of current programmes and the principal challenges.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264051386
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (304 p.)
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La Educación Superior en Chile
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tertiary education in Chile
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung ; Chile ; Education ; Chile ; Chile ; Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This joint OECD and World Bank review gives a brief overview of post-secondary education in Chile and describes its development over the past twenty years. It presents an analysis of the system and identifies key directions for policy reform in light of the challenges encountered by officials, communities, enterprises, educators, parents and students. It concludes with a set of key recommendations concerning the structure of the system and its labour market relevance; access and equity, governance and management; research, development and innovation; internationalisation; and financing.
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264059368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (205 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Doing Better for Children
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: S’appuyant sur un large éventail de sources de données, cette publication construit et analyse différents indicateurs du bien-être des enfants dans les pays de l’OCDE. Ces indicateurs couvrent six dimensions essentielles : le bien-être matériel, le logement et l’environnement, l’éducation, la santé et la sécurité, les comportements à risque et la qualité de la vie scolaire. Ils montrent qu’aucun pays de l’OCDE n’est performant dans tous les domaines et que chacun d’eux pourrait faire davantage pour améliorer la vie de ses enfants et adolescents. Elle analyse également les montants dépensés par les pays au titre de l’enfance et à quel stade interviennent ces dépenses ; c’est la première fois qu’un tel exercice comparatif est entrepris pour l’ensemble de la zone OCDE. D’autres chapitres examinent dans le détail les politiques à destination des enfants de moins de trois ans, l’impact de la monoparentalité sur les enfants et l’effet des inégalités intergénérationnelles. En conclusion, elle fait un certain nombre de recommandations d’ordre général en vue d’améliorer le bien-être des enfants. À lire également Croissance et inégalités: Distribution des revenus et pauvreté dans les pays de l’OCDE (2008) Bébés et employeurs – Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille : synthèse des résultats pour les pays de l’OCDE (2007)
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264067813
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (138 p.)
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Technology is a key driver of educational innovation, and a variety of programmes focusing on investment in infrastructure, equipment, in-service training and digital learning resources have been established to promote its usage in primary and secondary schools. So far, little comparative analytical attention has been devoted to understanding how digital resources improve the quality of learning and to assessing the public policies that support their development and use, and the role played by other stakeholders like publishers, broadcasting companies and increasingly user communities. This publication aims to fill that gap by both reviewing and evaluating the process of systemic innovation. Drawing on case studies from five Nordic countries, the report assembles information on the knowledge bases and policy actors which impact each phase of this innovation process and the main factors which influence its success including governance, financing and user involvement.
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9789264076860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; Baltic States ; Malta
    Abstract: This book provides an internationally comparable set of indicators on the educational provision for students with disabilities, learning difficulties and disadvantages (SENDDD). It covers the number of students concerned, their learning environment (special schools, special classes and regular classes) and level of education (pre-primary, compulsory and upper secondary education). It also discusses policy implications vis-à-vis special education needs and offers an analysis of the participation and performance of students with special education needs in the 2006 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264050815
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (318 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: What does PISA actually assess? This book presents all the publicly available questions from the PISA surveys. Some of these questions were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys and others were used in developing and trying out the assessment. After a brief introduction to the PISA assessment, the book presents three chapters, including PISA questions for the reading, mathematics and science tests, respectively. Each chapter presents an overview of what exactly the questions assess. The second section of each chapter presents questions which were used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, that is, the actual PISA tests for which results were published. The third section presents questions used in trying out the assessment. Although these questions were not used in the PISA 2000, 2003 and 2006 surveys, they are nevertheless illustrative of the kind of question PISA uses. The final section shows all the answers, along with brief comments on each question.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264039322
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Japan
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. Japan is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of Japan's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in Japan; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in Japan; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in Japan forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264049048
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (154 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Finland's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of the strengths and challenges, and recommendations for future policy development.
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  • 57
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264039346
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (128 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: In many OECD countries, tertiary education systems have experienced rapid growth over the last decade. With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. Within governance frameworks that encourage institutions, individually and collectively, to fulfil multiple missions, tertiary education systems must aim for the broad objectives of growth, full employment and social cohesion. In this context, the OECD launched a major review of tertiary education with the participation of 24 nations. The principal objective of the review is to assist countries in understanding how the organisation, management and delivery of tertiary education can help them achieve their economic and social goals. China is one of 14 countries which opted to host a Country Review, in which a team of external reviewers carried out an in-depth analysis of tertiary education policies. This report includes: an overview of China's tertiary education system; an account of trends and developments in tertiary education in China; an analysis of the strengths and challenges in tertiary education in China; and recommendations for future policy development. This review of tertiary education in China forms part of the OECD Thematic Review of Tertiary Education, a project conducted between 2004 and 2008.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264039360
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Spain
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This review, designed to help Spain understand how improving tertiary education can help it achieve its economic and social goals, presents an overview of Spain's tertiary education system, an account of trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommendation for future development.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264039308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Tertiary Education
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: With tertiary education increasingly seen as a fundamental pillar for economic growth, these systems must now address the pressures of a globalising economy and labour market. This book provides an overview of Norway's tertiary education system including an account of recent trends and developments, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and recommmedations for future policy development.
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789264064072
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This report explores the educational performance and attitudes of males and females during childhood and adolescence. It opens with a general summary of gender differences measured outside of the PISA assessment programme and then considers the knowledge gained about gender-related issues from PISA 2000, PISA 2003 and PISA 2006 when reading, mathematics and science respectively were the major domains of assessment. Among the key findings: in reading in PISA 2000, females significantly outscored males in all countries; in mathematics in PISA 2003, males outscored females somewhat; in the combined science scale in PISA 2006, there was no overall significant difference observed between males and females. However, when examining the various science competencies, knowledge components and attitudes to science, there were some marked differences.
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  • 61
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Higher education in the United States has received much scrutiny in the recent past from the federal and state governments, the press and the general public. In response to this scrutiny, a number of blue ribbon panels have been formed to examine how effectively higher education is serving American society. In this article, I analyse the proceedings and impact of the most recent prominent panel, the Secretary of Education’s Commission on the Future of Higher Education, commonly known as the Spellings Commission. I also briefly examine how the new administration of President Barack Obama is likely to affect colleges and universities in light of the global economic crisis. Le contexte de la réforme de l’enseignement supérieur aux États-Unis Ces dernières années, le gouvernement fédéral, les États, la presse et l’opinion publique ont placé l’enseignement supérieur aux États-Unis au centre d’une attention toute particulière. En conséquence de cela, de nombreux groupes d’experts se sont formés pour étudier dans quelle mesure le système d’enseignement supérieur sert efficacement la société américaine. Cet article examinera les procédures et l’impact de la commission du ministre de l’Éducation sur le futur de l’enseignement supérieur, plus généralement dénommée la commission Spellings, qui constitue le plus important groupe d’experts récemment constitué. Nous étudierons ensuite brièvement dans quelle mesure la nouvelle administration du Président Barack Obama est susceptible d’affecter les universités dans un contexte marqué par la crise économique mondiale.
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  • 62
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Measures of student learning are playing an increasingly significant role in determining the quality and productivity of higher education. This paper evaluates approaches for estimating the value added by university education, and proposes a methodology for use by institutions and systems. The paper argues that value-added measures of learning are important for quality assurance in contemporary higher education. It reviews recent large-scale developments in Australia, methodological considerations pertaining to the measurement and evaluation of student learning, and instruments validated to measure students’ capability, generic skills, specific competencies, work readiness and student engagement. Four approaches to calculating value-added measures are reviewed. The first approach computes value-added estimates by comparing predicted against actual performance using data from entrance tests and routine course assessments. In the second approach, comparisons are made between outcomes from objective assessments administered to cohorts in the first and later years of study. Comparisons of first-year and later-year students’ engagement in key learning activities offer a third and complementary means of assessing the value added by university study. Feedback on graduate skills provided by employers is a fourth approach which gives an independent perspective on the quality of education. Reviewing these four approaches provides a basis for their synthesis into a robust and potentially scalable methodology for measuring the value added by higher education. This methodology is advanced, along with its implications for instrumentation, sampling, analysis and reporting. Case studies are presented to illustrate the methodology’s potential for informing comparative analyses of the performance of higher education systems. Quelle différence ? Un modèle pour mesurer la valeur ajoutée de l’enseignement supérieur en Australie L’évaluation des connaissances acquises par les étudiants est désormais un outil indispensable pour déterminer la qualité et la productivité de l’enseignement supérieur. Ce rapport examine les différentes approches permettant d’évaluer la valeur ajoutée de l’enseignement supérieur et propose une méthode utilisable à la fois au sein des établissements et à l’échelle des systèmes d’enseignement supérieur. L’idée centrale qui sous-tend ce rapport est la suivante : la mesure des acquis des étudiants est l’un des piliers de l’assurance qualité au sein des systèmes d’enseignement supérieur modernes. L’auteur passe ainsi en revue les tendances majeures observées récemment en la matière en Australie, analyse les problèmes méthodologiques inhérents à la mesure et à l’évaluation des acquis des étudiants, et enfin étudie les instruments couramment employés pour mesurer les capacités, les compétences génériques et spécifiques, l’aptitude au travail et l’implication des étudiants. Quatre méthodes de calcul de la valeur ajoutée sont ainsi passées en revue. La première consiste à estimer cette valeur ajoutée en comparant les performances escomptées et les performances réelles des élèves, à l’aide des résultats des tests d’admission et de ceux des évaluations réalisées en cours de cycle. La deuxième approche compare les résultats d’évaluations objectives d’étudiants pour chaque année d’étude (première année et suivantes). La troisième méthode utilisée pour évaluer la valeur ajoutée de l’enseignement secondaire, de nature complémentaire, consiste à comparer l’implication des étudiants dans certains modules d’apprentissage clés durant la première année et au cours des années suivantes. Enfin, la quatrième méthode étudiée envisage la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur selon une perspective différente, puisqu’elle tient compte des retours d’expérience de certains employeurs sur les compétences des jeunes diplômés. L’examen de ces quatre approches permet ensuite de les synthétiser et d’obtenir une méthode fiable pour évaluer la valeur ajoutée de l’enseignement supérieur, ladite méthode consolidée offrant en outre le potentiel de s’adapter à différentes échelles. Il s’agit d’une approche sophistiquée, aux implications complexes en termes d’instrumentation, d’échantillonnage, d’analyse et de présentation des résultats. Une série d’études de cas permet à l’auteur de démontrer le potentiel offert par cette méthode pour étayer l’analyse comparative des performances de différents systèmes d’enseignement supérieur.
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  • 63
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-15
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-15
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Within weeks of taking office, Australia’s new Labor government commissioned two major reviews – one of Australia’s innovation system and one of Australian higher education. Taken together, these reviews will have major implications for the future of research and teaching in Australia for decades to come. This paper discusses the main recommendations of these reviews, puts them into context and examines the government’s response. Although the innovation review was conducted first, this paper begins with the higher education review because its recommendations, at least in regard to universities, are broader. Those parts of the innovation review that are relevant to universities follow. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of what will happen next. De grandes idées pour les universités australiennes Quelques semaines après son entrée en fonction, le nouveau gouvernement travailliste australien a commandé deux études, l’une portant sur le système d’innovation australien et l’autre sur l’enseignement supérieur en Australie. Prises dans leur ensemble, ces études auront des répercussions considérables sur l’avenir de la recherche et de l’enseignement australiens dans les décennies à venir. Cet article traite des principales recommandations proposées par ces études, rappelle le contexte dans lequel elles s’inscrivent et analyse la réponse du gouvernement. Bien que l’étude sur l’innovation soit menée en premier, l’article s’intéresse d’abord à l’étude sur l’enseignement supérieur car elle propose des recommandations plus générales, tout au moins concernant les universités. Les éléments de l’étude sur l’innovation ayant un intérêt pour les universités sont repris ensuite. L’article s'achève par une brève réflexion sur les perspectives.
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  • 64
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Global rankings are creating a furore wherever or whenever they are published or mentioned. They have become a barometer of global competition measuring the knowledge-producing and talent-catching capacity of higher education institutions. These developments are injecting a new competitive dynamic into higher education, nationally and globally, and encouraging a debate about its role and purpose. As such, politicians regularly refer to them as a measure of their nation’s economic strength and aspirations, universities use them to help set or define targets mapping their performance against the various metrics, while academics use rankings to bolster their own professional reputation and status. Based on an international survey (2006) and extensive interviews in Germany, Australia and Japan, (2008), this paper provides a comparative analysis of the impact and influence of rankings on higher education and stakeholders, and describes institutional experiences and responses. It then explores how rankings are influencing national policy and shaping institutional decision making and behaviour.Some changes form part of the broader modernisation agenda, improving performance and public accountability, while others are viewed as perverse. Their experiences illustrate that policy does matter. Les classements mondiaux suscitent l’enthousiasme chaque fois qu’ils sont publiés ou mentionnés. Ils sont devenus le baromètre de la concurrence mondiale, mesurant la capacité des institutions d’enseignement supérieur en termes de production de savoir et de captation des talents. Ces développements injectent une nouvelle dynamique de compétition dans l’enseignement supérieur, au niveau national et mondial, et suscitent un débat sur son rôle et ses objectifs. À ce titre, les hommes/femmes politiques y font régulièrement référence en tant qu’instrument de mesure de la puissance économique et des aspirations de leur nation, les universités s’en servent pour établir ou définir leurs objectifs en termes de performance par rapport à diverses métriques, tandis que les universitaires utilisent les classements pour appuyer leurs propres réputation et statut professionnels. Cet article se fonde sur une enquête internationale (2006) et des entretiens approfondis menés en Allemagne, en Australie et au Japon (2008) pour réaliser une analyse comparative de l’impact et de l’influence des classements sur l’enseignement supérieur et ses parties prenantes et pour décrire les expériences et réponses institutionnelles. Cet article étudie également la manière dont les classements influencent la politique nationale et façonnent la prise de décision et les comportements institutionnels. Certains changements s’inscrivent dans le cadre plus large du programme de modernisation qui tend vers une amélioration des performances et une plus grande responsabilité publique, tandis que d’autres sont considérés comme pervers. Leurs expériences démontrent l’importance des choix politiques.
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  • 65
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; Germany
    Abstract: Germany has recently gone through a fundamental process of reform of its higher education system. The last 15 years have been characterised by significant changes in virtually all aspects of the system. The impacts of the Bologna Process have been far reaching. The reform of the governance and funding systems in higher education has also been highly influential. This article reflects upon the increasing relevance of the concept of competition in higher education and how the realisation of more competitive elements was accomplished in a highly decentralised system of governance. The article also demonstrates the complex interplay between the public discourse regarding the need for more competitive approaches in higher education, legal reforms, changes in funding provisions for higher education and the transformation of rules for attracting human resources. Concurrence, autonomie et nouveau courant de pensée : transformation de l’enseignement supérieur en Allemagne fédérale Le système de l’enseignement supérieur allemand a récemment connu un processus de réformes fondamental. Ces 15 dernières années ont été marquées par des changements importants affectant quasiment tous les aspects du système. Les impacts du processus de Bologne ont été considérables. De la même manière, la réforme des systèmes de gouvernance et de financement dans l’enseignement supérieur a exercé une grande influence. Cet article analyse l’intérêt croissant accordé à la notion de concurrence dans l’enseignement supérieur et la façon dont des éléments plus compétitifs ont été mis en place dans un système de gouvernance fortement décentralisé. L’article démontre l’existence d’interactions complexes entre le discours public sur les besoins d’une approche plus concurrentielle dans l’enseignement supérieur, les réformes légales, les changements apportés à l’attribution de financement et la transformation des règles visant à attirer les ressources humaines.
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  • 66
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-16
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-16
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The paper starts with a description of higher education in the United Kingdom and of reforms over the last 50 years. By reference to specified output measures, the performance of UK universities is judged to be good. The factors affecting this performance are postulated by comparing policies and approaches in the United Kingdom with those elsewhere (in particular in continental Europe). Three factors – the level of autonomy, the amount of competition, and the level of funding, combined with the universities’ direct control over funding – are identified as important factors. The level of autonomy for UK universities is long-standing. So too is the level of competition for recruiting the best students – although the reform in 1991 to bring universities and polytechnics into a single sector has increased that competition. Competition for research has increased through the reform initiated by the University Grants Committee in the mid 1980s to introduce the Research Assessment Exercise for non-specific funds. Recent reforms have provided both additional funding and, through tuition fees for UK students, greater influence for universities over the level of funding. Le système de l'enseignement supérieur au Royaume-Uni a fait l’objet de nombreuses réformes depuis cinquante ans. Evaluées à la lumière d’indicateurs spécifiques, les universités britanniques présentent de bons résultats. Les facteurs de cette performance sont postulés par comparaison des politiques et des approches adoptées au Royaume-Uni et à l’étranger (en particulier dans le reste de l'Europe). Associés au contrôle direct des universités sur le financement, le degré d'autonomie, le niveau de concurrence et le niveau de financement apparaissent ainsi comme trois facteurs de performances importants. Bien qu’elle ait été renforcée par la réforme de 1991 regroupant les universités et les instituts de technologie en un secteur unique, la concurrence pour le recrutement des meilleurs étudiants existe depuis longtemps, tout comme le degré d'autonomie important dont jouissent les universités britanniques. La concurrence a également gagné le milieu de la recherche où, suite à une réforme initiée par le University Grants Committee au milieu des années 1980, l’attribution de fonds non spécifiques est déterminée par le Research Assessment Exercise (exercice d’évaluation de la recherche). De récentes réformes ont permis d’accorder des financements supplémentaires et, par le biais des frais d’inscription imposés aux étudiants britanniques, de développer l’influence des universités par rapport au niveau de financement.
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  • 67
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-19
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-19
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: I discuss, on the basis of experience in Australia, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, some common fears and negative opinions about the equality agenda in higher education. These include:-“Standards will drop.” -“Our reputation will suffer.” -“It’s not our problem.” -“It’s social engineering” -“It’s unfair.” -“It’s a waste of time.” "La « mort annoncée de l’excellence » et autres craintes suscitées par les politiques d’enseignement supérieur axées sur l’équité"M’inspirant d’exemples australiens, sud-africains ou encore britanniques, j’analyse dans ce rapport certaines craintes et préjugés couramment exprimés concernant les politiques d’enseignement supérieur axées sur l’équité. En voici un florilège : - « C’est la mort annoncée de l’excellence. » - « Cela va nuire à notre réputation. » - « Ce n’est pas notre problème. »- « C’est un abus de confiance pur et simple. » - « Équité rime avec injustice. » - « C’est une perte de temps. »
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  • 68
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Education ; Norway
    Abstract: The purpose of this article is to explore how time resources for research are allocated among academic staff members in institutions where research qualifications differ much between individuals. Norwegian university colleges are used as a case. These resources, which can be regarded as scarce goods, are of two kinds: the share of working hours that can be used for research, and definitive periods during which one is free to dedicate work hours to research. Of the many factors to consider when allocating scarce resources between individuals, the article distinguishes between the following: a) type of good; b) decision-making levels; c) size of the good; d) circle of recipients; e) allocation principles; f) allocation criteria; and g) allocation procedures. The article concludes that the allocation of time resources for research among individual staff members is to a large extent made up of compromises between different allocation principles, allocation criteria and allocation procedures, and can be understood only in reference to the historical and social context of each institution and its various departments. L’affectation des ressources temporelles pour la recherche entre membres du personnel enseignant : le cas des instituts universitaires norvégiens Cet article analyse la méthode d’affectation des ressources temporelles entre les différents chercheurs dans les établissements où ceux-ci ont des degrés de qualification différents. Ce rapport est illustré par l’étude de cas des instituts universitaires norvégiens. Ces ressources temporelles, que l’on peut considérer comme des ressources rares, sont de deux types : elles peuvent tout aussi bien désigner la répartition des heures de travail utilisables pour la recherche que des périodes déterminées durant lesquelles l’individu est libre de consacrer son temps à la recherche. De tous les facteurs dont il faut tenir compte, lorsqu’il s’agit de répartir des ressources rares entre plusieurs individus, l’article distingue les différents aspects du processus de décision : a) le type de bien ; b) les niveaux de prise de décision ; c) la taille du bien ; d) le groupe de destinataires ; e) les principes d’affectation ; f) les critères d’affectation ; et g) les procédures d’affectation. L’article parvient à la conclusion que l’affectation des ressources temporelles pour la recherche au sein d’une équipe est, dans une large mesure, faite de compromis entre différents principes, critères et procédures, et ne peut être comprise qu’à la lumière du contexte historique et social d’un établissement et des départements qui le composent.
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  • 69
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; Chile
    Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the historical development of the university system in Chile, and describes the current structure of funding, supply and demand for tertiary education, research and university services. Both public and private universities in Chile have expanded and restructured, access to tertiary education has improved, and universities have contributed to the country’s national innovation system. However, steep challenges related to structure and performance in education and research remain, if universities are to meet the growing economy’s demands for productivity and competitiveness. This paper outlines the principal areas which need improving: market access; quality of services; R&D and innovation spending; fiscal support; institution building and strategy co-ordination. Les universités chiliennes en transition vers un régime politique gouverné par le marché Cet article propose une brève présentation du développement historique de l’université au Chili et décrit la structure actuelle du financement, de l’offre et des besoins de l’éducation supérieure, de la recherche et des services universitaires. Les universités publiques et privées se sont développées et restructurées, l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur s’est amélioré et les universités ont contribué au système d’innovation national du pays. Toutefois, pour répondre aux demandes de productivité et de concurrence d’une économie en pleine croissance, les universités devront faire face à plusieurs défis de taille, notamment en ce qui concerne la structure et les performances dans les systèmes de l’éducation et de la recherche. Cet article expose brièvement les principaux points à améliorer : l’accès au marché, la qualité des services, les dépenses liées à la recherche, au développement et à l’innovation, le soutien budgétaire, la mise en place des institutions et la coordination stratégique.
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  • 70
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Viewed through a market paradigm, universities can appear as the aggregation of numerous and varied markets. While universities’ primary markets focus on teaching and research, they are active in many other markets, most of which support and contribute to their smooth, effective and efficient operation. Using financial and real estate markets as examples, the purpose of this article is to articulate some details that further validate the deepening complexity of the modern multiversity and to help clarify the extent to which market-like activities have infiltrated the institution, creating opportunities and posing threats. The cultural impact of the trend towards marketisation increases the need to protect the academic core of the academy. Les marchés secondaires de l’enseignement supérieur : un contexte canadien Vues à travers le paradigme du marché, les universités peuvent ressembler à un agrégat de marchés nombreux et différents. Bien que leurs marchés principaux se concentrent sur l’enseignement et la recherche, elles sont actives sur bien d’autres marchés dont la plupart est essentiel ou nécessaire à leur bon fonctionnement. En reprenant des exemples des marchés de l’immobilier et de la finance, l’article se propose d’articuler certains détails démontrant la complexité croissante de la multiversité moderne et apporte également un éclairage sur la façon dont les activités du marché ont infiltré l’université, ces phénomènes étant générateurs d’opportunités comme de menaces. L’impact culturel de la tendance portant vers la marchandisation accroît la nécessité de développer le corps enseignant de l’institution.
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  • 71
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Historically, the definition and measurement of academic standards in British higher education have been the exclusive prerogative of the academic community. The calibration of standards across institutions was the responsibility and purpose of the external-examiner system. But the mechanisms in place to achieve these ends have broken down under the weight of the massification of UK higher education, the need to recruit international students to sustain revenue streams, and the league-table or rankings culture that has resulted in academic standards being sacrificed in order to maintain or improve institutional image. In 2008 the House of Commons inaugurated a wide-ranging inquiry into these matters. Its August 2009 report proposes radical solutions, the adoption of which will represent a definitive break with the traditions of the past. Définition des critères de qualité et évaluation des performances universitaires : Une perspective britannique Traditionnellement, la définition des critères de qualité et l’évaluation des performances universitaires dans l’enseignement supérieur britannique étaient la prérogative exclusive de la communauté universitaire. L’étalonnage des critères de qualité dans l’ensemble des établissements relevait de la responsabilité du système d’examinateurs externes dont c’était l’objectif. Cependant, les mécanismes mis en place à cette fin se sont effondrés sous le poids de la massification de l’enseignement supérieur britannique, la nécessité de recruter des étudiants internationaux pour maintenir les flux de revenus, et la culture des classements qui a conduit au sacrifice de la qualité afin de préserver ou d’améliorer une image institutionnelle. En 2008, la Chambre des Communes a inauguré une vaste enquête sur ces questions. Son rapport d’août 2009 propose des solutions radicales, dont l’adoption constituera une rupture définitive avec les traditions du passé.
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  • 72
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: There have been calls to increase the autonomy of higher education institutions in Europe for a number of years. They have been counterbalanced by demands for increasing accountability and a European quality assurance system. In London in 2007, the European ministers of education decided to implement a European register of accredited quality agencies, and defined standards for registration. Being part of the register requires “substantial compliance with all standards” instead of “full-compliance”. This might take into consideration the context of the national higher education system, the role of the agency in the quality assurance system, and even the national culture and traditions, allowing for different interpretations, some imprecision, and diverse degrees of flexibility and compliance. Indications from the United States suggest an emerging desire at the federal level to play a more visible role in regulating higher education through intervention in the accreditation system to ensure increased institutional accountability. This may have a parallel in the European situation. While in the United States the attempts at increased federal control have so far apparently failed, in Europe quality systems linked to higher education institutions were replaced with “independent” accrediting agencies. We analyse these changes and offer a possible interpretation for the differences on the two sides of the Atlantic. Accréditation supranationale, confiance et autonomie des établissements : Contrastes du développement de l’accréditation entre l’Europe et les États-Unis À l’échelon européen, certains soulignent depuis plusieurs années la nécessité de conférer une autonomie accrue aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur, alors même que d’autres exigent que ces derniers rendent davantage de comptes concernant leurs activités et leurs performances. À Londres en 2007, les ministres européens de l’éducation ont décidé la mise en place d’un registre européen où figureront les agences accréditées et où seront définies les normes auxquelles ces agences devront se plier pour être autorisées à y figurer. Les conditions à respecter pour pouvoir être inscrit au registre européen sont ainsi passées d’une « conformité totale à l’ensemble des normes » à une « large conformité ». L’interprétation de ces normes pourrait s’effectuer en tenant compte des spécificités propres à chaque système d’enseignement supérieur national, au rôle de chaque agence au sein du système d’assurance qualité, voire de la culture et des traditions nationales, laissant la voie ouverte à des divergences d’interprétation, à une certaine marge d’imprécision et à divers degrés de flexibilité et de conformité. Des indications provenant des États-Unis suggèrent l’émergence d’un souhait, au niveau fédéral, de jouer un rôle plus visible dans la régulation de l’enseignement supérieur, via l’intervention du système d’accréditation pour assurer un développement de la responsabilité institutionnelle. Cette tendance incite naturellement à établir un parallèle avec la situation observée en Europe. Tandis qu’aux États-Unis, les tentatives visant à renforcer le contrôle par les autorités fédérales semblent avoir échoué, en Europe, les systèmes de qualité liés aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont été remplacés par des agences d’accréditation « indépendantes ». Dans ce rapport, les auteurs proposent une analyse de ces changements et suggèrent une interprétation possible des différences existant des deux côtés de l’Atlantique.
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  • 73
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-12
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 12 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-12
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The policy debate on accountability in higher education has been vigorous in many countries, but it has focused primarily on broad objectives or approaches. Limited attention has been paid to the mechanisms by which universities would implement accountability objectives and to the critical role of academics in developing ways to assess learning outcomes. Yet, giving members of the professoriate a central role in accountability is vital: implementing accountability requires decentralised implementation linked to the differing circumstances of study fields and levels. Academics must be involved in a sequence of tasks – developing assessments, testing and refining them against new evidence, making sense of accountability results, and responding with changes in programmes or delivery. This paper outlines a process showing how universities and other tertiary institutions could develop and use outcome measures for student learning. It also recognises that professional and disciplinary associations (e.g. business, education, chemistry, literature and social welfare), nationally and internationally, could contribute to these developments in their specialty fields. En quoi les professeurs de l’enseignement supérieur peuvent-ils contribuer à « responsabiliser » leurs établissements ? L’idée d’une responsabilisation de l’enseignement supérieur a donné naissance, dans de nombreux pays, à un débat politique houleux. Toutefois, ce débat vise essentiellement à définir des objectifs ou des approches génériques, et s’intéresse relativement peu aux mécanismes grâce auxquels les universités pourraient avancer sur la voie des objectifs de transparence. De même, il faudrait s’interroger davantage sur le rôle clé que pourraient jouer les universitaires pour concevoir de nouvelles méthodes d’évaluation des retombées de l’apprentissage. Il est en effet essentiel que les membres du corps enseignant jouent un rôle central dans les initiatives visant à accroître la responsabilité et la transparence des systèmes d’enseignement supérieur : pour fonctionner durablement, ces initiatives doivent être menées de façon décentralisée, au vu des spécificités propres à chaque discipline et à chaque niveau d’études. Dans cette optique, les universitaires ont bel et bien un rôle à jouer à différents stades : il leur faut élaborer des outils d’évaluation, mais aussi tester et adapter ces outils au vu des résultats de recherche les plus récents, interpréter les résultats obtenus en termes de responsabilité et modifier si nécessaire les programmes ou les méthodes pédagogiques. Ce rapport propose un cadre théorique utilisable par les universités et les autres établissements d’enseignement supérieur pour concevoir puis utiliser des outils permettant d’évaluer les retombées de l’apprentissage. L’auteur suggère par ailleurs que certaines professions et disciplines (telles que les entreprises commerciales, le secteur éducatif, l’industrie chimique, le monde littéraire ou encore les organismes de protection sociale) pourraient contribuer, à l’échelon national et international, à promouvoir cette évolution dans leurs domaines respectifs.
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  • 74
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: Finnish universities are about to enter a period of radical change. This paper considers the reforms expected of a new Universities Act currently before parliament and a set of institutional mergers. When passed, the new act will provide universities with independent legal status, change their relationship with the government in several ways, affect university governance arrangements, and alter the relationship between staff and their university employers. Although these reforms will be radical for the university sector itself, many of the changes will be all but invisible to those outside the sector. The change that will be noticed is the creation of the new Aalto University through a merger between three existing institutions. The new university will be highly visible to all as it tries to meet the government’s aspirations for it to become a world-class university. Le meilleur des mondes : Réforme du système de l’enseignement supérieur en Finlande Les universités finlandaises se trouvent au seuil de changements radicaux. Cet article analyse les réformes découlant d’un nouveau projet de loi sur l’université actuellement présenté devant le Parlement finlandais et de plusieurs fusions institutionnelles. Une fois adoptée, la nouvelle loi accordera aux universités un statut juridique indépendant, modifiera leurs relations au gouvernement en plusieurs points, affectera les accords relatifs à la gestion des universités et modifiera les relations entre le personnel et les employeurs universitaires. Bien que le secteur universitaire considère ces réformes comme radicales, la plupart des changements qu’elles vont entraîner seront absolument invisibles aux yeux de l’observateur extérieur pour qui le changement apparent résideradans la création de la nouvelle Université de Aalto, fruit d’une fusion entre trois institutions existantes. Cette nouvelle université occupera en effet le devant de la scène puisqu’elle s’efforcera de répondre aux aspirations du gouvernement qui veut en faire une université internationale de haut niveau.
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  • 75
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-15
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-15
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper describes the global knowledge economy (the k-economy), comprised by (1) open source knowledge flows and (2) commercial markets in intellectual property and knowledge-intensive goods. Like all economy the global knowledge economy is a site of production. It is also social and cultural, taking the form of a one-world community mediated by the Internet. The k-economy has developed with extraordinary rapidity, particularly the open source component; which, consistent with the economic character of knowledge as a public good, appears larger than the commercial intellectual property component. But how do the chaotic open source flows of knowledge, with no evident tendency towards predictability let alone towards equilibrium, become reconciled with a world of governments, economic markets, national and university hierarchies, and institutions that routinely require stability and control in order to function? The article argues that in the k-economy, knowledge flows are vectored by a system of status production that assigns unequal values to knowledge and arranges it in ordered patterns. The new system for regulating the value of public good knowledge includes institutional league tables, research rankings, publication and citation metrics, journal hierarchies, and other comparative output measures such as outcomes of student learning. Cet article décrit l’économie globale de la connaissance (la « k-economy »), qui comprend (1) les flux de connaissances de source ouverte et (2) les marchés de la propriété intellectuelle et des biens à forte intensité de connaissances. Comme toute économie, l’économie globale de la connaissance représente un site de production. Elle est aussi sociale et culturelle, prenant la forme d’une communauté mondiale unique fondée sur l’Internet. L’économie de la connaissance s’est développée à une vitesse extraordinaire, en particulier la composante source ouverte, qui, en raison du caractère économique de la connaissance en tant que bien public, semble occuper une place plus importante que la composante propriété intellectuelle commerciale. Mais comment les flux chaotiques de connaissances de source ouverte, qui de toute évidence ne tendent pas vers plus de prévisibilité et encore moins vers un quelconque équilibre, peuvent-ils être conciliés avec un monde fait de gouvernements, de marchés économiques, de hiérarchies nationales et universitaires, et d’institutions qui exige stabilité et contrôle pour fonctionner ? Cet article soutient que dans l’économie de la connaissance, les flux de connaissances sont orchestrés par un système de production de statuts qui assigne des valeurs inégales au savoir et l’organise en schémas ordonnés. Le nouveau système de régulation de la valeur de la connaissance en tant que bien public inclut les tableaux de classement institutionnel, les classements de recherche, les métriques de publication et de citation, les hiérarchies au sein de la presse, et d’autres mesures comparatives de rendement, tels que les résultats d’apprentissage.
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  • 76
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In the past decade, accountability has become a major concern in most parts of the world. Governments, parliaments and the public are increasingly asking universities to justify the use of public resources and account more thoroughly for their teaching and research results. Is this a favourable development for tertiary education? Or is there too much accountability, at the risk of stifling initiative among university leaders? This article analyses the main dimensions of the growing accountability agenda, examines some of the negative and positive consequences of this evolution, and proposes a few guiding principles for achieving a balanced approach to accountability in tertiary education. It observes that the universal push for increased accountability has made the role of university leaders much more demanding, transforming the competencies expected of them and the ensuing capacity building needs of university management teams. It concludes by observing that accountability is meaningful only to the extent that tertiary education institutions are actually empowered to operate in an autonomous and responsible way. By Jamil Salmi, Tertiary Education Coordinator, The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. This paper is derived from a short think piece published in October 2007 in International Higher Education. The author wishes to thank all the colleagues who kindly reviewed earlier drafts and generously offered invaluable suggestions, in particular Michael Adams, Svava Bjarnason, Marguerite Clarke, Graeme Davies, Elaine El-Khawas, Ariel Fiszbein, Richard Hopper, Geri Malandra, Sam Mikhail, Benoît Millot and Alenoush Saroyan. Full responsibility for errors and misinterpretations remains, however, with the author. Les universités face aux exigences accrues de transparence et de responsabilité : Une évolution bénéfique ou dangereuse ? Ces dix dernières années, les notions couplées de transparence et de responsabilité sont devenues incontournables dans la plupart des régions du monde. Les gouvernements, les parlements et le public attendent désormais des universités qu’elles justifient leur utilisation des ressources publiques et rendent davantage de comptes au sujet de leurs activités d’enseignement et de recherche. S’agit-il d’une évolution bénéfique pour l’enseignement supérieur ? Ou cette exigence accrue de transparence et de responsabilité risque-t-elle au contraire de tuer dans l’œuf les initiatives des dirigeants d’universités ? Cet article analyse les grandes problématiques qui sous-tendent cette évolution, étudie certaines des conséquences négatives et positives et propose un certain nombre de principes directeurs permettant aux établissements d’enseignement supérieur de répondre de façon réfléchie et mesurée à cette exigence nouvelle. L’auteur constate que la demande universelle de responsabilité et de transparence dans l’enseignement supérieur s’accompagne de contraintes nouvelles pour les dirigeants d’universités, en modifiant les compétences que l’on attendait d’eux jusqu’à présent et en obligeant, par voie de conséquence, les équipes de direction des établissements à renforcer leurs capacités. L’auteur termine en faisant remarquer que cette obligation redditionnelle ne fait sens que si les établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont effectivement la possibilité de mener leurs activités de façon autonome et responsable. Par Jamil Salmi, Coordinateur des programmes d’enseignement supérieur, La Banque mondiale.Les observations, interprétations et conclusions exprimées dans ce rapport sont exclusivement celles de l’auteur et ne sauraient en aucune manière être attribuées à la Banque mondiale, aux membres de son Conseil des Administrateurs ni aux pays qu’ils représentent. Le présent rapport est extrait d’un bref article de fond publié en octobre 2007 dans la revue International Higher Education. L’auteur tient à remercier l’ensemble des collègues qui ont eu la gentillesse de réviser les versions précédentes de ce rapport et de l’enrichir de leurs précieuses remarques et suggestions. Il tient à remercier particulièrement Michael Adams, Svava Bjarnason, Marguerite Clarke, Graeme Davies, Elaine El-Khawas, Ariel Fiszbein, Richard Hopper, Geri Malandra, Sam Mikhail, Benoît Millot et Alenoush Saroyan. L’auteur est toutefois seul responsable des erreurs et interprétations erronées que pourrait contenir ce rapport.
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  • 77
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 75-90
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 75-90
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The competiveness of the diverse sector of higher education sees universities increasingly reliant on marketing to position themselves within their main stakeholder groups. In doing so, the use of marketing techniques developed for the service industry are being adopted at strategic and tactical levels with little research to support such undifferentiated action. This paper discusses a number of issues joining marketing with the moral leadership of the university in a persistently competitive and commercial market place. We seek to offer practical actions to ensure that marketing remains a service to the institution and does not convert the mission of all institutions to one of consumerisation. We do this by discussing how a relationship model of engagement with stakeholders might be grounded in a virtue ethics imperative and how this might contribute to brand development and accountability.
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  • 78
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Since the mid 1980s, modernising university governance has been a constant item on the political agenda of most countries, often followed by reforms attempting to change how universities are managed and led. However, when considering the effects of the many initiatives taken, a rather complex picture appears with respect to the scope and depths of the changes occurring. The article identifies four basic dilemmas, and shows how they are manifested in a number of countries where such reforms have been implemented. In the conclusion, it is argued how the four dilemmas can shed more light on the complexities associated with university governance reform. Quatre dilemmes fondamentaux dans la réforme de la gouvernance universitaire Depuis le milieu des années 1980 et dans la plupart des pays, la question de la modernisation de la gouvernance universitaire n’a jamais quitté l’agenda politique et a souvent été suivie de réformes visant à changer la méthode de gestion et de direction des universités. Toutefois, l’analyse des nombreuses initiatives menées depuis laisse apparaître une image assez complexe de la portée et de la profondeur des changements qu’elles ont occasionnés. Cet article identifie quatre dilemmes fondamentaux, et illustre dans quelle mesure ceux-ci émergent dans un certain nombre de pays où de telles réformes ont été mises en place. En conclusion, l’article indique que les quatre dilemmes peuvent offrir un éclairage sur les complexités liées à la réforme de la gouvernance universitaire.
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  • 79
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-16
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 3, p. 1-16
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The world financial meltdown is causing a reassessment of the strong market ideology that dominated policy making since the days of Reagan and Thatcher. For universities, the issue is not whether to pay attention to market forces – most schools have no choice given that their economic viability depends on some combination of enrollments, sponsored research and the sale of other services. The question is how to give the market its due while remaining true to our academic values. Balancing academic values and market forces is not easy, as we shall see. My purpose in this essay is to provide a conceptual overview that can explain the issues and point the way toward their resolution in today’s financially challenging environment. Les valeurs académiques sur le marché La fusion financière internationale provoque une réévaluation de la puissante idéologie de marché qui a dominé la politique depuis les époques Reagan et Thatcher. Pour les universités, la question n’est pas de savoir s’il faut prêter attention ou non aux forces du marché : la plupart des écoles n’ont pas ce choix puisque leur viabilité économique dépend à la fois des inscriptions, de la recherche subventionnée et de la vente d’autres types de services. La question est de savoir comment donner son dû au marché tout en restant fidèles à nos valeurs académiques. Comme nous le verrons, trouver un équilibre entre les valeurs académiques et les forces du marché n’est pas chose facile. L’auteur de ce rapport cherche ici à fournir une vue d’ensemble conceptuelle permettant d’expliquer les problèmes et de suggérer des pistes de solutions dans l’environnement de défis financiers qui est aujourd’hui le nôtre.
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  • 80
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-18
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: There are increasing pressures for universities to commercialise their research and increase their contributions to their local and regional environments. For those institutions located in areas of low demand, this can lead to a low-impact equilibrium of universities working with external partners, and having relatively low impact. In such circumstances, universities have to “build up” local demand for their knowledge. But this is long-term, costly and volatile, and so partnership and collaborative models of capacity building may be one way for universities to maximise the benefits whilst minimising the risks. In this paper, we explore how capacity in such situation builds up, and whether university regional associations (URAs) can help universities to develop regional capacity in such situations. The case study demonstrates that URAs can become a focal point for a community of regionally engaged university actors. It is this community which can help universities to rationalise and make sense of local uncertainties, and thereby increase total university regional contributions. By Paul Benneworth and Alan Sanderson, University of Twente, The Netherlands, and Universities for the North East, United Kingdom L’engagement régional des universités : Comment le renforcer en l’absence de pôle d’innovation à l’échelon local ? De plus en plus, on attend des universités qu’elles commercialisent les fruits de leurs efforts de recherche et intensifient leur contribution locale et régionale. Mais pour les établissements implantés dans des zones où leurs travaux suscitent une demande limitée, la collaboration des universités avec des partenaires externes risque fort d’avoir un impact, là aussi, limité. Dans ce cas, c’est aux universités de « créer » une demande de connaissances à l’échelon local. Mais il s’agit d’une démarche longue, coûteuse et à l’issue incertaine ; dans cette optique, les modèles de renforcement des capacités basés sur le partenariat et la collaboration interuniversités pourraient permettre aux établissements concernés de maximiser les bénéfices tout en minimisant les risques. Dans ce rapport, nous analysons la façon dont se créent les capacités d’engagement régional dans ce type de contexte, et nous nous efforçons de déterminer si les associations régionales d’universités (ARU) peuvent alors aider ou non les universités à développer leurs capacités régionales. L’étude de cas proposée montre que les ARU deviennent parfois le cœur névralgique d’un consortium d’acteurs universitaires engagés au plan régional. C’est précisément grâce à cette communauté d’acteurs que les universités peuvent faire face aux contingences locales et s’y adapter, ce qui permettra d’accroître la contribution régionale totale des universités. Par Paul Benneworth and Alan Sanderson, Université de Twente (Pays-Bas) et Université pour le Nord-Est (Royaume-Uni)
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  • 81
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    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-22
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Keywords: Education ; European Union
    Abstract: This article analyses the innovation agenda of the European Union (EU), places it in the context of globalisation and explores its foundation in the theoretical innovation systems perspective. It analyses a number of the central policy domains of this agenda: higher education, doctoral education, research and knowledge transfer. In the second part of the article, some major challenges of the EU innovation agenda for European higher education and research are discussed. These challenges concern: future shortages of higher education graduates, the issue of access and equity, limited world-class research excellence, the need to further increase knowledge transfer efforts, the lack of private funding in higher education and research, and the processes of academic stratification and regional differentiation. Programme-cadre de l’UE en matière d’innovation : les défis de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche en Europe Cet article propose une analyse du programme-cadre de l’UE (Union européenne) pour l’innovation, qu’il place dans le contexte de la mondialisation et dont il explore les fondements à la lumière des systèmes d’innovation théoriques. Il examine différents domaines politiques fondamentaux constituant ce programme-cadre : l’enseignement supérieur, les thèses de doctorat, la recherche et le transfert des connaissances. Dans une seconde partie, l’article propose une réflexion sur plusieurs défis importants qui attendent ce programme-cadre sur l’innovation pour l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche en Europe : la pénurie future de diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur, la question de l’accès et de l’équité, le niveau d’excellence limité de la recherche à l’échelle mondiale, la nécessité d’accroître les efforts liés au transfert des naissances, le manque de financement privé dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche, et les processus de stratification académique et de différentiation régionale.
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  • 82
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-10
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 10 p
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 21, no. 1, p. 1-10
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: In the highly competitive international world of learning, universities make full use of favourable league table positions to strengthen their reputations. Yet are they, in so doing, entering into a Faustian Bargain in which the long-term cost outweighs the short-term gain? Success in league tables comes at a cost in terms of accepting the orthodoxies of others instead of pursuing particular institutional missions linked to the particular priorities of the local community. Based on recent surveys of institutional experience and on a new analysis of the impact of league tables on English higher education, this paper argues that if, as seems likely, rankings are here to stay, the shortcomings of the present approach must be acknowledged and addressed. By Peter W.A. West, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom L’exploitation des classements nationaux et internationaux par les établissements d’enseignement supérieur : Un pacte avec le diable ? Face à l’internationalisation du secteur éducatif, désormais hautement concurrentiel, les universités exploitent au maximum leur place dans les classements internationaux en vue d’accroître leur prestige. Mais cette stratégie ne revient-elle pas à conclure un pacte avec le diable, dont les coûts à long terme sont en réalité bien supérieurs aux avantages immédiats ? L’université qui choisit d’asseoir sa réputation sur ces classements accepte en effet, implicitement, de se plier aux règles fixées par ceux qu’elle cherche à émuler, au lieu de concentrer ses efforts sur certaines missions spécifiques, plus en adéquation avec les besoins particuliers de la communauté locale. À la lumière de sondages récents menés auprès des établissements, et d’une nouvelle analyse de l’impact des classements sur le système d’enseignement supérieur britannique, ce rapport suggère que si la pratique des classements persiste – et c’est fort probable – le secteur n’aura d’autre choix que d’identifier leurs insuffisances et anomalies pour y apporter les améliorations nécessaires. Par Peter W.A. West, Université de Strathclyde, Royaume-Uni
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  • 83
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264075924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book analyses systemic innovation in education by looking at the ways in which educational systems encourage innovation, the knowledge base and processes used, and the procedures and criteria used to assess progress and evaluate outcomes. It draws on findings from 14 case studies in Vocational Education and Training in six OECD countries: Australia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Mexico and Switzerland. The resulting analysis helps us understand how we can support and sustain innovation in educational systems in the VET sector.
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  • 84
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264044739
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 ; política y práctica
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Alors que les pays s’efforcent de réformer leurs systèmes éducatifs et d’améliorer les résultats des élèves, la direction d’établissement est une priorité dans les programmes d’action gouvernementale en matière d’éducation. Cela étant, dans de nombreux pays, les hommes et les femmes qui dirigent les établissements sont surchargés de travail, sous-payés et approchent l’âge de la retraite. De plus, les candidats pour assurer la relève ne sont pas nombreux. Quelles fonctions de direction contribuent le plus à améliorer les apprentissages des élèves ? Comment affecter et répartir au mieux les tâches de direction ? Comment doter les personnels concernés des compétences voulues pour leur permettre d’assurer une direction d’établissement efficace ? Comment rendre ces professions attrayantes à des candidats de qualité ? Cet ouvrage s’appuie sur une étude consacrée par l’OCDE aux pratiques et politiques en matière de direction d’établissement scolaire dans le monde. Étayé par une perspective internationale intéressante, il recense quatre grands moyens d’action et diverses options pour aider les pouvoirs publics à améliorer la direction d’établissement aujourd’hui et renforcer durablement la direction demain.
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  • 85
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 3-33 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:3-33
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La contribution des établissements d'enseignement supérieur au développement régional : Opportunités et enjeux
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 3-33
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:3-33
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Across the OECD, countries, regions and higher education institutions (HEIs) are discovering each other. More and more partnerships are being established based on a growing appreciation of shared interests. This paper explores the drivers behind such engagement, from both HEI and regional development perspectives, the barriers to effective working and how these barriers are being addressed in practice in a variety of regional and national contexts. The paper concludes with suggestions as to how capacity for joint working between HEIs and regions can be enhanced through generic changes in policy and practice at the institutional, regional and national level.
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  • 86
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-12 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Évaluation comparative de l'engagement des universités auprès de la communauté locale : élaboration d'une approche nationale en Australie
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-12
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-12
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: This article provides the background and describes the processes involved in establishing a national approach to benchmarking the way universities engage with their local and regional communities in Australia. Local and regional community engagement is a rapidly expanding activity in Australian public universities and is increasingly being seen as part of the universal quality assurance assessment process. An initiative of the Australian Universities Community Engagement Alliance (AUCEA), the benchmarking framework was developed over almost three years and involved considerable consultation and testing. The framework comprises an institutional questionnaire, a partner perceptions survey and a “good practice” template. The instruments were tested in a pilot of 12 AUCEA member universities and will be implemented in all 33 AUCEA member universities in late 2008. Comparative results will be available early in 2009. The framework will assist universities and their community partners to improve their contribution to society and the environment through mutual knowledge exchange, learning and enterprising action.
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  • 87
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    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-11 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-11
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Engagement régional des universités : éviter la confusion, malgré d'inéluctables contradictions
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-11
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-11
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper argues that it is the condition of the university for the time being to live with incompatibility of identity and purpose, and to tolerate an intolerable breadth of mission. This predicament is frequently masked, mercifully perhaps, by confusion of language used to analyse the role of the university, and unclear thinking about how this is best portrayed. As will quickly become evident, this is relevant and important both to the leadership and management of individual institutions and for policy in respect of mass higher education as a system, in particular to the subject of diversity.
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  • 88
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-11 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-11
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Provincial University of Lapland: Collaborating for Regional Development
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-11
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-11
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: En 2002, quatre établissements d’enseignement supérieur finlandais ont créé un consortium baptisé Université provinciale de Laponie, ayant pour objectif de promouvoir le développement régional, d’élargir l’accès à l’enseignement supérieur, d’intensifier la collaboration inter-établissements et de stimuler l’innovation. Le consortium dispense différents cursus éducatifs diplômants et non diplômants. La mission de l’Université provinciale de Laponie s’étend jusqu’aux communautés vivant dans des zones reculées de la province, grâce à un mode de fourniture alliant enseignement traditionnel et apprentissage à distance. Le système tire parti des infrastructures que comptent quatre des six sous-ensembles régionaux de Laponie. L’Université provinciale propose un large éventail de services, allant de l’éducation ouverte aux programmes de formation professionnelle, en passant par les services d’expertise, de recherche et développement et d’évaluation. La nature des services fournis est choisie de façon à couvrir les besoins régionaux, axés principalement sur le développement de l’industrie du tourisme. Les besoins d’apprentissage et de formation ont été identifiés dans chacun des quatre sous-ensembles régionaux, en collaboration avec un large panel d’acteurs issus des secteurs public et privé. Les établissements d’enseignement supérieur prennent part à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre des objectifs stratégiques à l’échelon de la région et des sous-ensembles régionaux.
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  • 89
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    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-34 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-34
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe A World of Competitors: Assessing the US High-Tech Advantage and the Process of Globalisation
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-34
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-34
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans le monde entier, les universités de recherche participent d’un effort des pays visant à encourager l’innovation scientifique et technologique et à renforcer leur compétitivité sur le plan économique. Si les États-Unis demeurent compétitifs en tant que source d’innovation dans le domaine des hautes technologies, c’est du fait de leur positionnement sur un certain nombre de marchés. Résultant bien souvent d'investissements à long terme dans des institutions comme les universités de recherche ainsi que dans la recherche et le développement, ce dernier bénéficie également de l'influence d’une culture politique favorable aux entrepreneurs et à la prise de risques. De fait, les États-Unis ont été les premiers à œuvrer à l’établissement d’une connexion entre science et politique économique. Dans cet essai, nous nous efforcerons de replacer le rôle des universités dans un contexte plus large de politique et de politique publique. Nous tenterons d’apporter une réflexion sur les facteurs ayant influencé l’accumulation de connaissance et l’innovation en matière de hautes technologies aux États-Unis, et de fournir une évaluation de leur importance eu égard à la mondialisation et d’un positionnement croissant des concurrents tels que l’Union européenne. Nous ferons également part d’un certain nombre d’observations concernant les principales initiatives destinées à la création ou au maintien de zones économiques fondées sur la connaissance, et aborderons la perspective d’une nouvelle initiative fédérale de grande ampleur destinée à renforcer la recherche nationale et le financement du développement.
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  • 90
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-20 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-20
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged: The Case of Kentucky
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-20
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-20
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: En 1997, le Commonwealth du Kentucky, qui enregistrait alors l’un des revenus par habitant et l’un des niveaux d’instruction les plus bas des États-Unis, a initié une série de réformes ambitieuses de son système d’enseignement supérieur, en vue de rattraper le niveau moyen d’instruction américain d’ici 2020. Au moment de leur adoption, ces réformes ont souvent été citées en exemple par les États qui, comme le Kentucky, souhaitaient renforcer la contribution de l’enseignement supérieur à la qualité de vie et à l’économie futures de leur population. Dix ans plus tard, le Groupe de travail sur l’enseignement supérieur de la Chambre de commerce du Kentucky a chargé un comité d’évaluation indépendant de déterminer l’étendue des progrès réalisés sur la voie de cet objectif, et d’identifier les mesures et défis à venir. Les réformes de l’enseignement supérieur mises en œuvre dans le Kentucky ont été conçues comme un ensemble complexe et interdépendant de fins et de moyens visant à transformer les conditions et la qualité de vie de la population du Commonwealth. De façon générale, l’idée était de développer un système d’enseignement supérieur parfaitement intégré, reconnu à l’échelon national, mais surtout à même de générer une main-d’œuvre compétitive au niveau national et de promouvoir la croissance économique, de façon à créer des emplois pour cette main-d’œuvre. Ces réformes n’avaient donc pas pour objet central de développer les établissements d’enseignement supérieur in fine, mais d’accroître la capacité des établissements à contribuer à la prospérité économique et à la qualité de vie futures de l’État. En cela, ces réformes reflètent une grande partie des thèmes évoqués dans le récent rapport de l’OCDE intitulé Enseignement supérieur et régions : concurrence mondiale, engagement local.
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  • 91
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    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-2 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-2
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Enseignement supérieur et développement régional : Numéro spécial - Introduction
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-2
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Questions surrounding the local and regional impact of higher education institutions (HEIs) have been around for a long time. In the United Kingdom there was pioneering work on the economic impact of Cambridge on its region (Segal Quince and Partners, 1985) and other studies in the 1980s, but the issues have become more focused in recent years around two poles of interest: the contribution that universities can make to the knowledge economy and the critical role that regions play in determining national economic success. This has prompted a major OECD/IMHE study, the findings of which have been published in a report entitled Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007). The report was followed by a conference, under the same title, held in Valencia, Spain, from 19 to 21 September 2007, which brought together many of the participants in the original research programme. This special issue of the Journal derives from that conference and seeks to present a balanced collection of thematic and case study contributions....
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  • 92
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    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-13 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La contribution de l'enseignement supérieur au développement culturel régional dans le Nord-Est de l'Angleterre
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-13
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-13
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: In the United Kingdom, the creative and cultural industries in the North East of England have notably contributed to the region’s economic development. The city of NewcastleGateshead’s recent renaissance has helped redefine the region’s cultural identity. Higher education has played an important part in the North East of England region, whether through heritage buildings such as Durham Castle, or the newly built facilities within Newcastle University’s cultural quarter. The North East universities also play a leading role in developing knowledge and skills for the cultural sector by supporting new businesses, supplying student volunteers, and making a critical contribution through staff research and collaborative doctoral studentships. The success of the universities’ engagement with the region depends on strategies and structures within both higher education and governmental bodies responsible for the cultural sector; universities work with a wide range of central government departments, sector skills councils, regional development associations, local government, and cultural organisations such as the Arts Council and the Regional Cultural Consortia. In many ways the cultural value of the universities’ contribution is often intangible, but as major contributors to the quality of life and economic prosperity, often partnering cultural organisations throughout the region, the significance of this contribution cannot be ignored.
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  • 93
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    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-16 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-16
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Dilemma of the Modern University in Balancing Competitive Agendas: The USQ Experience
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-16
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-16
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Le gouvernement australien a mis en place un large panel de stratégies en vue de réaliser certains de ses objectifs spécifiques, axés notamment sur la déréglementation du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur. Les stratégies mises en œuvre dans ce cadre consistent par exemple à réduire le montant des fonds publics alloués aux universités (en termes réels), pour inciter les établissements d’enseignement supérieur à trouver d’autres sources de financement ; à déployer les fonds publics de façon ciblée (notamment en faveur des pôles de croissance et des infrastructures) ; à mettre en place des systèmes de rémunération incitatifs ; à prévoir ou à mettre en place une réallocation des fonds en fonction des performances ; à octroyer des subventions à l’issue d’un processus de mise en concurrence ; ou encore à réviser les mécanismes de financement existants en vue de promouvoir les meilleures pratiques. Le gouvernement australien a en outre recours à des mesures de nature non financière, notamment en prenant des dispositions politiques spéciales ; en créant des organismes et des forums axés spécifiquement sur la réalisation des objectifs stratégiques ; en publiant des documents de synthèse et des lignes directrices ; en assurant la diffusion d’indicateurs de performance et de comptes rendus d’évaluation ; en définissant clairement les processus et les cadres à appliquer en matière d’obligation redditionnelle et de transparence ; enfin en mettant en œuvre diverses approches visant à promouvoir, encourager ou accélérer la restructuration du secteur. L’une des tendances de fond de la politique menée par le gouvernement australien dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur consiste à promouvoir la diversification du secteur, en incitant chaque établissement à se doter d’une identité propre. Cette stratégie est porteuse de nombreux défis et opportunités pour les établissements régionaux de nouvelle génération, contraints de se positionner sur un marché de l’enseignement supérieur de plus en plus compétitif, sans perdre de vue leurs obligations et le service qu’ils sont censés fournir à la collectivité. Au vu de ces objectifs potentiellement divergents, les auteurs analysent l’expérience de l’University of Southern Queensland (USQ), qui s’efforce d’asseoir sa place de leader de l’enseignement supérieur ouvert et flexible.
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  • 94
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    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-2 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-2
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Higher Education and Regional Development: Introduction to the Special Issue
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-2
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-2
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Cela fait quelques années déjà que l’on s’efforce de mesurer l’impact local et régional des établissements d’enseignement supérieur (EES). La première étude dans ce domaine, menée au Royaume-Uni, portait sur l’impact économique de l’Université de Cambridge sur sa région (Segal Quince & Partners, 1985). D’autres travaux similaires ont suivi dans les années 80. Plus récemment, les analyses se sont toutefois concentrées davantage sur deux principaux volets : la contribution potentielle des universités à l’économie de la connaissance, et le rôle crucial des régions dans la réussite économique d’un pays. En réponse à ces questions nouvelles, l’OCDE/IMHE a donc mené une étude de grande ampleur, dont les résultats ont été publiés dans un rapport intitulé Enseignement supérieur et régions : concurrence mondiale, engagement local (OCDE, 2007). Celui-ci a été suivi d’une conférence du même nom, organisée à Valence, Espagne, du 19 au 21 septembre 2007, qui a permis de réunir de nombreux participants au programme de recherche initial. Puisant sa source dans la conférence, ce numéro spécial de la Revue a pour objet de présenter au lecteur un ensemble représentatif de contributions thématiques et d’études de cas....
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  • 95
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    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-29 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-29
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Concurrence mondiale : évaluation de l'avantage technologique des États-Unis et du processus de mondialisation
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-29
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-29
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Research universities throughout the world are part of a larger effort by countries to bolster science and technological innovation and compete economically. The United States remains highly competitive as a source of high-tech innovation because of a number of market positions, many the results of long-term investments in institutions (such as research universities) and in research and development funding, and more broadly influenced by a political culture that has tended to support entrepreneurs and risk taking. In essence, the United States was the first mover in pursuing the nexus of science and economic policy. The following essay attempts to place universities within this larger political and policy environment by discussing market factors that have influenced knowledge accumulation and high-tech innovation in the United States. It also gives an assessment of their current saliency in the face of globalisation and the growing market position of competitors, such as the European Union. The article also provides observations on major US state-based high-tech initiatives intended to create or sustain knowledge-based economic areas, and discusses the prospect of a major new federal initiative to increase national research and development funding.
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  • 96
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 3-39 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:3-39
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Engagement of Higher Educational Institutions in Regional Development: An Overview of the Opportunities and Challenges
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 3-39
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:3-39
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Dans l’ensemble de la zone OCDE, pays, régions et établissements d’enseignement supérieur (EES) se découvrent peu à peu. Chaque jour, ils instaurent entre eux de nouveaux partenariats, témoignant ainsi d’une conscience accrue des intérêts communs qui les unissent. Cet article s’intéresse aux moteurs de cet engagement, analysés tant du point de vue des EES que de celui du développement régional, étudie les obstacles à une collaboration efficace et examine les stratégies mises en place, dans un certain nombre de contextes régionaux et nationaux, pour surmonter ces obstacles. Le rapport conclut en formulant diverses recommandations axées sur le renforcement des capacités de collaboration entre les EES et les régions, et basées sur une réorientation générale des politiques et des pratiques mises en œuvre au niveau des établissements, des régions et des pays.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-14 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-14
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Benchmarking University Community Engagement: Developing a National Approach in Australia
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-14
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-14
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Cet article propose un rappel des fondamentaux et une analyse des processus à l’œuvre dans l’élaboration d’une approche nationale visant à évaluer et à comparer la manière dont les universités australiennes s’engagent auprès des communautés locales et régionales. Au sein des universités publiques australiennes, ce type d’engagement représente en effet une activité en croissance rapide et un critère de plus en plus souvent pris en compte dans le cadre de l’assurance qualité. Ce cadre d’évaluation comparative a été développé pendant près de trois ans, à l’initiative de l’Alliance australienne pour l’engagement des universités auprès de la communauté locale (AUCEA), à l’issue d’une série de consultations et d’essais de grande ampleur. Ce cadre comprend un questionnaire destiné aux établissements, un sondage d’opinion mené auprès des partenaires des établissements d’enseignement supérieur, ainsi qu’un modèle de « bonnes pratiques ». Les instruments développés ont été expérimentés dans le cadre d’un essai pilote portant sur 12 universités membres de l’AUCEA et seront mis en œuvre à la fin de l’année 2008 au sein des 33 membres que compte l’AUCEA. Les résultats comparatifs seront disponibles début 2009. Le cadre d’évaluation permettra aux universités et à leurs partenaires de la communauté d’améliorer leur contribution à la société et à l’environnement par le biais d’un échange de connaissances, d’un apprentissage et d’initiatives mutuels.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-22 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-22
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Societal and Economic Engagement of Universities in Finland: An Evaluation Model
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-22
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-22
    Keywords: Education ; Finland
    Abstract: Cet article s’appuie sur les travaux d’une équipe d’experts chargée par le ministère finlandais de l’Éducation d’élaborer des critères et un cadre d’évaluation de l’engagement économique et social utilisables dans le cadre de la gestion des performances des universités. S’inspirant de l’expérience nationale et internationale, les auteurs de cet article élaborent une série d’indicateurs potentiels axés sur l’engagement économique et social des universités. Ils proposent ensuite un cadre permettant d’évaluer l’engagement économique et social des universités, ainsi qu’un ensemble potentiel de mesures des retombées de l’enseignement universitaire tenant compte des principaux facteurs régissant la planification stratégique et l’allocation des ressources. Le modèle présenté dans cet article en vue d’évaluer l’engagement économique et social des universités doit permettre de tenir compte des spécificités liées à chaque contexte universitaire ainsi qu’aux choix stratégiques des universités, sans perdre de vue l’exigence de comparabilité ni les objectifs nationaux. Ce modèle a pour objet de renforcer l’autonomie des universités. Il repose en effet sur cinq « paniers d’évaluation » : (1) la participation aux efforts d’innovation, (2) l’interaction avec le marché du travail, (3) la contribution au développement social et écologique, (4) l’engagement en faveur de l’environnement régional et (5) la participation au débat social.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-13 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-13
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Universités, innovation et développement régional : l'expérience américaine
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-13
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-13
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Globalisation is profoundly changing economic development, forcing development officials to adopt a regional approach founded on what a particular region does best or its competitive advantage. Globalisation has also placed a new premium on innovation as the critical fuel to economic success – for firms, regions and countries. Universities lie at the nexus of these two powerful trends: they are rooted in regions, and they are perhaps the most important engines of innovation. Drawing on recent experience in the United States, this paper explores this nexus by addressing three critical questions: (1) Why is regional competitiveness the new paradigm for regional development? (2) What must regions do to compete? (3) What can be done to connect university innovation with regional development? The paper concludes that new mechanisms are needed to connect university innovation with regional development. Public policy can encourage these mechanisms by addressing twin needs in the newly forming “market” for regional innovation: encouraging universities to make innovation available in ways that regions can easily tap, and helping regions understand which innovations are most critical to their economic future.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher Education Management and Policy Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-14 | volume:20 | year:2008 | number:2 | pages:1-14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le dilemme de l'université moderne, ou comment concilier des objectifs divergents : l'exemple d'USQ
    Titel der Quelle: Higher Education Management and Policy
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 2, p. 1-14
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:20
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:2
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:1-14
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The Australian government uses numerous strategies to promote specific agendas – including continued efforts to deregulate the higher education sector. These strategies comprise the reduction of government funding to universities in real terms to oblige institutions to seek alternative sources of income; the targeted deployment of government funding (including growth places and infrastructure funding); the use of reward-based incentives; the actual or threatened re-distribution of funding based on performance; competitive grants; and amending funding mechanisms to support desired behaviours. In addition, strategies not involving direct funding are also used through special policy provisions, the establishment of bodies and forums to promote issues; the publication of position papers and protocols; the publication of performance information or review outcomes; the employment of reporting and accountability processes and frameworks; and various approaches to promote, encourage or oblige sector restructuring. A major thrust of the Australian government's higher education policy is to encourage sector diversification through encouraging individual institutions to adopt their own clear and unique identities. This poses many challenges and opportunities for new generation regional institutions trying to position themselves in an increasingly competitive higher education market while continuing to meet their obligations and remain relevant to their local communities. The University of Southern Queensland's experience in pursuing its vision as a leader in open and flexible higher education is explored within the context of these potentially competing agendas.
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