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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (3,388)
  • BVB  (262)
  • HU Berlin  (98)
  • 2010-2014  (3,632)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (3,123)
  • Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press  (509)
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
Year
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISBN: 9780199265923
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    Series Statement: The Berkeley Tanner lectures
    DDC: 170
    Keywords: Ethics ; Ethik
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  • 2
    Language: Undetermined
    Dates of Publication: 1.2011 -
    DDC: 340
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Japan ; Wirtschaft ; Soziale Situation
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Poland ; History ; Polen ; Geschichte
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Keywords: Politische Wissenschaft
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  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Pages: 24 cm
    DDC: 320.09
    Keywords: Political science ; Comparative government ; Regierung ; Geschichte ; Staat ; Politisches System
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Queen Elizabeth House series in development studies
    Series Statement: UNU/WIDER studies in development economics
    DDC: 362.87/526/091724
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Unterernährung ; Flüchtlinge ; Humanitäre Hilfe ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Welt ; Humanitarian assistance ; Political aspects ; Developing countries ; Humanitarian assistance ; Economic aspects ; Developing countries ; War and civilization ; Developing countries ; Food relief ; Developing countries ; Refugees ; Services for ; Developing countries ; International economic relations ; Developing countries ; Katastrophe ; Krieg ; Humanitäre Hilfe
    Description / Table of Contents: v. 1. Analysis -- v. 2. Case studies
    Note: A study prepared for Queen Elizabeth House, International Development Centre, University of Oxford (QEH) and the World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University (UNU/WIDER) , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 8
    ISBN: 0198293380
    Language: English
    DDC: 332.6/09172/4
    Keywords: Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Developing countries ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Africa ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Asia ; Buffer stocks ; Prices ; Latin America ; Commodity control ; Developing countries ; Commodity control ; Africa ; Commodity control ; Asia ; Commodity control ; Latin America ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Handelspolitik ; Wirtschaftskrise
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  • 9
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 10
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press ; 15.2012 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 15.2012 -
    Former Title: Vorg. Studies in the evolution of language
    DDC: 400
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 11
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press ; 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1979; N.S. 1.1997 -
    DDC: 910
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
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  • 12
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 13
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | Dordrecht [u.a.] : Nijhoff ; 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1990(1991/92) -
    Additional Information: 1,1=1 - 8,2=16 von "CCEL"
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    Former Title: Collected courses of the Academy of European Law
    DDC: 340
    RVK:
    Keywords: Monografische Reihe
    Note: Sonstige Körperschaft früher: European University Institute , Inhaltl. Gliederung teils in Book 1: European community law; Book 2: The protection of human rights in Europe
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  • 14
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press | London : Milford | London : Cumberlege | London : Oxford Univ. Press ; 1.1903/04 -
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISSN: 0068-1202
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.1903/04 -
    Additional Information: 71=1985 von The Raleigh lecture on history London : Cumberlege [u.a.], 1923
    Additional Information: 76=1990; 80=1991; 82=1992; 84=1993; 87=1994; 90=1995; 94=1996; 97=1997; 101=1998; 105=1999; 111=2000 von British Academy Lectures and memoirs / British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 1991 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 79=3 von Royal Irish Academy Joint meeting of the Royal Irish Academy and the British Academy Oxford [u.a.] : Univ. Press, 1992
    Additional Information: 115=1; 120=2; 124=3; 130=4; 138=5; 150=6; 153=7; 161=8; 166=9; 172=10 von British Academy Biographical memoirs of fellows of the British Academy Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: 117=2001; 121=2002; 125=2003; 131=2004; 139=2005; 151=2006; 154=2007; 162=2008; 167=2009; 181=2010/11 von British Academy Lectures Oxford : Univ. Press, 2002 0068-1202
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als British Academy Annual Shakespeare lecture of the British Academy London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1911 0267-1042
    Additional Information: Gekürzt als Sir John Rhŷs memorial lecture London : Oxford Univ. Press, 1925
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als British Academy Proceedings of the British Academy
    DDC: 080
    RVK:
    Keywords: British Academy ; British Academy ; Monografische Reihe ; Bibliografie ; British Academy ; Schrifttum ; British Academy ; Veröffentlichung ; British Academy ; Schrifttum
    Note: Repr.: Nendeln : Kraus , Ab 76.1990 als Serie
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  • 15
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: The Philippines has made an impressive progress in consumer protection in the banking sector, as shown by the wide range of laws and of regulatory instruments, their active use and enforcement, and by provision of complaint resolution services. The 2013 Global Survey on Financial Consumer Protection indicated that the Philippines compares well with the other economies and yet there is space for further strengthening of the financial consumer protection framework. In order to improve access to financial services, their usage and quality, and further deepen the financial sector, the Philippines has to design and implement a sound financial consumer protection regime with prudential regulation and supervision. This World Bank's Diagnostic Review was undertaken in response to a request from the Bangko Sentral ng Philipinas (BSP). It provides a detailed assessment of the consumer protection framework in the banking sector, with a particular focus on debit and credit products provided by BSP regulated banks. The review addresses the following areas: 1. Institutional Arrangements, 2. Legal and Regulatory Framework, 3. Transparency and Disclosure, 4. Business Practices, 5. Complaints Handling and Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, and 6. Consumer Awareness and Financial Literacy. Volume I summarizes the key findings and recommendations and Volume II provides comparison with the World Bank`s Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Accountability Study
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: This diagnostic study was undertaken by the World Bank in response to a request from Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, and Bank Indonesia, the nation's central bank. Indonesia's financial sector has a lot of growth potential considering the relatively low volume of domestic credit provided by the private sector - just 43 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012. To steer the growth to sustainability, the Indonesian authorities have emphasized financial consumer protection in the 5 pillars of Indonesia's national strategy for financial inclusion. This review aims to assist Indonesia in developing and implementing its national strategy and provides a detailed assessment of the consumer protection framework in six segments of Indonesia's financial sector: banking, securities, insurance, non-bank credit institutions, private pensions, and credit reporting. This study also informed the design of the World Bank's support program for Indonesia under the financial inclusion support framework (FISF) initiative. The review addresses the following issues: (1) institutional arrangements, (2) legal and regulatory framework, (3) transparency and disclosure, (4) business practices, (5) complaints handling and dispute resolution mechanisms, and (6) consumer awareness and financial literacy. Volume I summarizes the key findings and recommendations and volume II assesses each financial sector segment with regard to the good practices for financial consumer protection
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Abstract: The current report is part of the work on integrating poor areas and marginalized communities in Romania. Specifically, the Bank's technical assistance provided through this project focuses on three primary components: (1) a methodology for defining different types of urban disadvantaged communities based on a set of key criteria and indicators; (2) detailed maps that present the spatial distribution of these indicators and the corresponding types of marginalized communities; and (3) strategies for integrating these communities in the form of an integrated intervention tool and six conceptual pilots. The atlas presents the methodology used to define different types of urban disadvantaged areas as well as urban pockets of urban marginalization where deprivation is most severe. It identifies criteria and sets of indicators for each type that enable their identification and spatial location using the 2011 population census data. The atlas also produces the results of an analysis to determine the rate of urban marginalization in Romania and the characteristics of urban marginalized communities. Lastly, the atlas presents a series of maps at the city and town, county and regional level that present the spatial distribution of disadvantaged areas and marginalized communities, based on data from the 2011 population and housing census and information collected directly from municipalities
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Abstract: Environmental and social responsibility is becoming more and more important in today's global economy. There are thousands of environmental and social codes and standards in the world today. The codes and standards define the rules and the objectives. But the challenge is in the implementation. An environmental and social management system (ESMS) helps companies to integrate the rules and objectives into core business operations, through a set of clearly defined, repeatable processes. This handbook is intended to be a practical guide to help companies in the food and beverage industry develop and implement an environmental and social management system, which should help to improve overall operations. Sections I and II provide background on ESMS in the food and beverage industry. Section III provides step-by-step instructions on how to develop and implement an ESMS. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199316649 , 9780199316656
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 318 S. , 24 cm
    Series Statement: Studies in feminist philosophy
    DDC: 305.4201
    RVK:
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Feminismus ; Feminist theory ; Ethics ; Vulnerability (Personality trait) ; Ethik ; Feministische Philosophie ; Fürsorge ; Philosophie ; Verwundbarkeit ; Behinderung ; Geschlechterrolle ; Konferenzschrift 2009 ; Konferenzschrift 2009 ; Konferenzschrift 2009 ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Verwundbarkeit ; Ethik ; Feministische Philosophie ; Ethik ; Philosophie ; Behinderung ; Fürsorge ; Geschlechterrolle
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9780199683840
    Language: English
    Pages: VII, 251 S. , 24 cm
    Edition: 1. ed.
    DDC: 303.34
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ethik ; Political leadership / Moral and ethical aspects ; Politische Führung ; Demokratie ; Moral ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Politische Führung ; Demokratie ; Moral
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  • 21
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Language: English
    Pages: x, 196 pages
    DDC: 302
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Note: Includes bibliographical references S. 153-186 , Enth.: Introduction and definition. History, methods, and paradigms. Evolutionary perspectives. Psychological perspectives. Cultural perspectives. Organizations and management. Environment, politics, security, and health. Prospects for the future.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9780199943913
    Language: English
    Pages: XXVII, 237 S.
    DDC: 305.231
    RVK:
    Keywords: Kind ; Child development ; Child psychology ; Children Social conditions ; Kind ; Psychosoziale Entwicklung ; Soziokultureller Faktor ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Kind ; Psychosoziale Entwicklung ; Soziokultureller Faktor
    Note: Includes index.
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  • 23
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199862016
    Language: English
    Pages: XV, 268 S. , Ill.
    Series Statement: Readers on American musicians
    DDC: 782.42162130092
    RVK:
    Keywords: Seeger, Pete, Criticism and interpretation ; Seeger, Pete ; Seeger, Pete 1919-2014
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9780198722069
    Language: English
    Pages: XII, 223 S. , Ill. , 24 cm
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Series Statement: The Bampton lectures 2013
    Series Statement: The Bampton lectures
    RVK:
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9780199317042
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 201 S. , Ill.
    DDC: 305.309
    RVK:
    Keywords: Geschichte 1850-1900 ; Familie ; Literatur ; USA ; USA ; Literatur ; Familie ; Geschichte 1850-1900
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  • 26
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199860715
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 730 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Oxford library of psychology
    DDC: 302.35
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 27
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199348275
    Language: English
    Pages: IX, 235 S.
    DDC: 305.4200905
    Keywords: Feminism / History / 21st century ; Women / Social conditions ; Women / Employment ; Women / Family relationships ; Feminism ; Women / Employment ; Women / Family relationships ; Women / Social conditions ; Frau ; Geschichte ; Gleichberechtigung ; Frauenbewegung ; Feminismus ; Ungleichheit ; Diskriminierung ; Frau ; USA ; USA ; Frauenbewegung ; Feminismus ; Gleichberechtigung ; Frau ; Diskriminierung ; Ungleichheit
    Description / Table of Contents: The Women's Movement -- Employment -- Work and family -- Sex and marriage -- Reproductive justice and economic security -- Sexual abuse -- Appearance -- The politics of progress
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 161-225) and index
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  • 28
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199985463 , 9780199985470
    Language: English
    Pages: viii, 273 S.
    Series Statement: Frontiers of culture and psychology
    DDC: 302
    RVK:
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
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  • 29
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199941216
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 208 S. , Ill., Kt. , 24 cm
    Edition: 3. ed.
    DDC: 303.48267040903
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Afrika ; Europa ; Beziehung ; Geschichte ; Africans--Europe--History. ; Africa, Sub-Saharan--Relations--Europe. ; Europe--Relations--Africa, Sub-Saharan. ; Africa, Sub-Saharan--History--To 1884.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 30
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780195377903 , 9780199395330
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 615 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 2. ed.
    DDC: 306.4/61
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social Medicine ; Epidemiology ; Health Status Disparities ; Public Policy ; Social Medicine ; Epidemiology ; Health Status Disparities ; Public Policy ; Sozialepidemiologie ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Sozialepidemiologie
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  • 31
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199656004
    Language: English
    Pages: 146 S. , Illustrationen
    Edition: 2. edition
    Series Statement: Very short introductions
    DDC: 303.66
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    Keywords: Geschichte ; Staatsorganisation ; Friedenspolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Friede ; Friede ; Friedenspolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Staatsorganisation ; Geschichte
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9780195384789
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 138 S. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    DDC: 304.873
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    Keywords: Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Geschichte 1945-2013 ; Geschichte ; Migration ; Politik ; Einwanderung ; United States / Emigration and immigration / History / 20th century ; United States / Emigration and immigration / Government policy ; USA ; USA ; USA ; Einwanderung ; Geschichte 1945-2013
    Description / Table of Contents: The fruits of war, hot and cold: immigration, 1945-1965 -- A new immigration system: Europeans, West Indians, and the Hart-Celler Act, 1965-1990 -- The Hart-Celler Act and immigrants from Asia and the Middle East, 1965-1990 -- The era of Latinos, 1965-2012 -- A record surge of immigrants, 1990-2012 -- American immigration and the interconnected world
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-129) and index
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  • 33
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199964772
    Language: English
    Pages: XIII, 474 p.
    DDC: 302
    RVK:
    Keywords: Altruism ; Moral development ; Socialization ; Social interaction ; Sozialisation ; Prosoziales Verhalten ; Moralische Entwicklung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Prosoziales Verhalten ; Moralische Entwicklung ; Sozialisation
    Note: Includes index
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  • 34
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199987467
    Language: English
    Pages: XVI, 288 S. , Ill., Tab., graph. Darst.
    DDC: 302.23083
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Konferenzschrift 2012 ; Konferenzschrift 2012
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  • 35
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199892815
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 185 Seiten , Diagramme , 24 cm
    DDC: 302
    RVK:
    Keywords: Psychologie ; Interpersonal relations ; Adulthood / Psychological aspects ; Erwachsener ; Bindungsfähigkeit ; Entwicklungspsychologie ; Erwachsener ; Bindungsfähigkeit ; Entwicklungspsychologie
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 1464800855 , 9781464800856
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 61 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.5091724
    Keywords: Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Fiscal policy ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionMacroprudential approach to supervision -- Institutional framework -- Early warning systems -- Macroprudential policy options -- Conclusion.
    Note: "A World Bank study"--T.p , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801662
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.015195
    Abstract: The Little Data Book 2014 is a pocket edition of World Development Indicators 2014. It is intended as a quick reference for users of the World Development Indicators database, book, and mobile app. The database covers more than 1,200 indicators and spans more than 50 years. The 214 country tables present the latest available data for World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 14 summary tables cover regional and income group aggregates
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801808
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 330.9
    Abstract: One of a series of pocket-sized books that provide a quick reference to development data on different topics, 'The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2014' provides data for more than 20 key indicators on the business environment and private sector development in a single page for each of the World Bank member countries and other economies with populations of more than 30,000. The 200 country pages are supplemented by aggregate data tables by regional and income groupings
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780199895694 , 9780199895700
    Language: English
    Pages: 217 S.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.6970973
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Islam ; Muslim ; USA ; USA ; Islam ; Muslim
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821399651
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 370.96
    Keywords: Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education Statistics ; Education and state ; Education ; Education ; Education and state
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800528
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: International Debt Statistics
    DDC: 336.3435091724
    Abstract: International Debt Statistics (IDS) 2014 is a continuation of the World Bank’s publications Global Development Finance, Volume II (1997 through 2009) and the earlier World Debt Tables (1973 through 1996). IDS 2014 provides statistical tables showing the external debt of 128 developing countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System (DRS). It also includes tables of key debt ratios for individual reporting countries and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for individual reporting countries and regional and income groups along with some graphical presentations. IDS 2014 draws on a database maintained by the World Bank External Debt (WBXD) system. Longer time series and more detailed data are available from the World Bank open databases, which contain more than 200 time series indicators, covering the years 1970 to 2012 for most reporting countries, and pipeline data for scheduled debt service payments on existing commitments to 2019. International Debt Statistics 2014 is unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of the developing world. This report is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. In addition, International Debt Statistics will showcase the broader spectrum of debt data collected and compiled by the World Bank. These include the high frequency, quarterly external debt database (QEDS) and the quarterly public sector database (QPSD) developed in partnership with the International Monetary Fund and launched by the World Bank
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    ISBN: 9781464804090
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    DDC: 338.433621
    Abstract: The goals of universal health coverage (UHC) are to ensure that all people can access quality health services, to safeguard all people from public health risks, and to protect all people from impoverishment due to illness, whether from out-of-pocket payments for health care or loss of income when a household member falls sick. Countries as diverse as Brazil, France, Japan, Thailand, and Turkey have shown how UHC can serve as a vital mechanism for improving the health and welfare of their citizens and lay the foundation for economic growth and competitiveness grounded in the principles of equity and sustainability. Ensuring universal access to affordable, quality health services will be an important contribution to ending extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared prosperity in low-income and middle-income countries, where most of the world’s poor live. Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development synthesizes the experiences from 11 countries-Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Indonesia, Japan, Peru, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam-in implementing policies and strategies to achieve and sustain UHC. These countries represent diverse geographic and economic conditions, but all have committed to UHC as a key national aspiration and are approaching it in different ways. The book examines the UHC policies for each country around three common themes: (1) the political economy and policy process for adopting, achieving, and sustaining UHC; (2) health financing policies to enhance health coverage; and (3) human resources for health policies for achieving UHC. The findings from these country studies are intended to provide lessons that can be used by countries aspiring to adopt, achieve, and sustain UHC. Although the path to UHC is specific to each country, countries can benefit from the experiences of others in learning about different approaches and avoiding potential risks
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801648
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    DDC: 338.9
    Abstract: World Development Indicators 2014 provides a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. It is intended to help users of all kinds—policymakers, students, analysts, professors, program managers, and citizens—find and use data related to all aspects of development, including those that help monitor and understand progress toward the two goals. Six themes are used to organize indicators—world view, people, environment, economy, states and markets, and global links. As in past editions, World view reviews global progress toward the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and provides key indicators related to poverty. Each of the remaining sections includes an introduction; six stories highlighting specific global, regional or country trends; and a table of the most relevant and popular indicators for that theme, together with a discussion of indicator compilation methodology
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801433
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 388.3/242
    Keywords: Verkehrsweg ; Logistikdienstleister ; Welt ; Business logistics ; Trade routes Planning ; Transportation corridors Planning ; Business logistics ; Trade routes Planning ; Transportation corridors Planning ; Business logistics ; Trade routes ; Transportation corridors
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 45
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199331826
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIV, 195 S.
    Series Statement: Terrorism and global justice series
    DDC: 303.484
    RVK:
    Keywords: Meinungsfreiheit ; Redefreiheit ; Intoleranz ; USA
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
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  • 46
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199315277
    Language: English
    Pages: XIV, 315 S. , Ill., Kt. , 25 cm
    DDC: 304.2709620903
    Keywords: Animals and civilization ; Human-animal relationships ; Egypt History 1517-1882 ; Ägypten ; Mensch ; Tier ; Zivilisation ; Geschichte 〈1517-1882〉
    Abstract: "Since humans first emerged as a distinct species, they have been locked into relationships with other animals. Humans ate, fought, prayed, and moved with animals. In this original and conceptually rich book, historian Alan Mikhail puts the history of human-animal relations at the center of the transformations of the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. He uses the history of the empire's most important province, Egypt, to explain how human interactions with livestock, dogs, and charismatic megafauna changed more in a few centuries than they had for millennia. The human world became one in which animals' social and economic functions were diminished. Without animals, humans had to remake the societies they had built around the intimate and cooperative interactions between species. The political and even evolutionary consequences of this separation of people and animals were wrenching and often violent. In tracing these interspecies histories, this book offers a bold program for Ottoman historians--highlighting a new capacious periodization of the empire's history, integrating environmental history and other methodologies, and opening up archives in close to a dozen countries. The wide-ranging and creative analyses on offer also push far beyond Ottoman history to engage issues in animal studies, economic history, early modern history, and environmental history. Carefully crafted and compellingly argued, The Animal in Ottoman Egypt tells the story of the high price humans and animals paid as they entered the modern world"--
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 267-305) and index
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9780199843909
    Language: English
    Pages: XVII, 229 S.
    DDC: 306.3
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ostrom, Elinor ; Ostrom, Elinor ; Ostrom, Vincent ; Institutional economics ; Social institutions ; Public institutions ; Institutionalismus ; Institutionenökonomie ; Institutionalismus ; Institutionenökonomie ; Ostrom, Elinor 1933-2012 ; Ostrom, Vincent 1919-2012 ; Institutionalismus
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 48
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 0199370621 , 9780199370627
    Language: English
    Pages: XV, 130 S.
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Murphy, James Bernard, 1958 - The philosophy of customary law
    DDC: 340.501
    RVK:
    Keywords: Customary law ; Customary law Philosophy ; Customary law ; Customary law Philosophy ; Gewohnheitsrecht ; Rechtsphilosophie
    Description / Table of Contents: Habit and convention at the foundation of customCustomary law in Suárez : will of the sovereign or of the people? -- A commentary on the comment : Jeremy Bentham's theory of custom -- James C. Carter's natural law theory of custom.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9780190689964 , 9780199360840
    Language: English
    Pages: XLV, 411 S. , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Symeonides, Symeon, 1949 - Codifying choice of law around the world
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Symeonides, Symeon, 1949 - Codifying choice of law around the world
    DDC: 340.9
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Comparative law ; Conflict of laws ; Privatrecht ; Rechtsvergleich ; Internationales Privatrecht ; Kodifikation ; Rechtsvergleich
    Description / Table of Contents: Law governing tort conflictsParty autonomy in contract conflicts -- Codification and flexibility -- Broad or narrow choice of law : issue-by-issue choice and dépeçage -- Codification and result selectivism -- The publication of PIL : unilateralism, state interests, and international uniformity.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke
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  • 50
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199355037 , 9780199355051
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 339 S.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Newton, Michael, 1962 - Proportionality in International Law
    DDC: 341.01
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Proportionality in law ; Proportionality in law ; Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz ; Völkerrecht
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionWhat is proportionality? -- Proportionality : a multiplicity of meanings -- Proportionality in the just war tradition -- Proportionality in international humanitarian law -- Proportionality in human rights law and morality -- The uniqueness of jus in bello proportionality -- Countermeasures and counterinsurgency -- Human shields and risk -- Targeted killings and proportionality in law : two models -- The nature of war and the idea of "cyberwar" -- Thresholds of jus in bello proportionality.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (pages 305-323) and index
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  • 51
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISBN: 0198701179 , 9780198701170
    Language: English
    Pages: XX, 315 S.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Series Statement: The collected courses of the Academy of European Law 21,1
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Human rights and immigration
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Human rights and immigration
    DDC: 342.1
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Emigration and immigration law ; Human rights ; Emigration and immigration law ; Immigrants Legal status, laws, etc ; Human rights ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Einwanderer ; Rechtsstellung ; Menschenrecht
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Introduction : Human rights and the citizen/non-citizen distinction revisited , Integration in immigrant Europe : human rights at a crossroads , Residence as de facto citizenship? Protection of long-term residence under Article 8 ECHR , Migration, gender, and the limits of rights , The labour and social rights of migrants in international law , Human rights and immigration at sea , Italy and unauthorized migration : between state sovereignty and human rights obligations
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  • 52
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780198737032 , 9780199698462
    Language: English
    Pages: L, 519 S. , 24 cm
    Edition: 2. ed., 1. publ. in paperback
    Series Statement: Oxford European Union law library
    DDC: 342.24087
    RVK:
    Keywords: Discrimination Law and legislation ; Discrimination ; Law and legislation ; European Union countries ; Europäische Union ; Antidiskriminierungsrecht ; Europäische Union ; Diskriminierungsverbot
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  • 53
    ISBN: 9780199368204
    Language: English
    Pages: VII, 410 S.
    DDC: 320.96109051
    Keywords: Algeria Politics and government 1962-1990 ; Algeria Politics and government 1990- ; Tunisia Politics and government 1956-1987 ; Tunisia Politics and government 1987- ; Morocco Politics and government 1961-1999 ; Morocco Politics and government 1999- ; Marokko ; Tunesien ; Algerien ; Politik ; Politischer Wandel ; Geschichte 1960-2011
    Description / Table of Contents: The imprint of history -- Post-independence state-building -- The military -- Political parties -- Islamist movements -- The Berber question -- Politics and economics -- Regional relations -- International relations.
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 387 - 393 und Index
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  • 54
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    Show associated volumes/articles
    ISBN: 9781849043021 , 9780199361786
    Language: English
    Pages: XXIII, 379 S.
    DDC: 338.1956
    Keywords: Food security ; Food supply ; Agriculture and state ; Nutricion policy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Naher Osten ; Landwirtschaft ; Lebensmittelversorgung ; Ernährungspolitik
    Abstract: "This volume comprises original, empirically grounded chapters that collectively offer the most comprehensive study available to date on food security in the Middle East. The book starts with a theoretical framing of the phenomena of food security and food sovereignty and presents empirical case studies of Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, Yemen, the Persian Gulf states and Iran. Some of the major themes examined include the ascent and decline of various food regimes, urban agriculture, overseas agricultural land purchases, national food self-sufficiency strategies, distribution networks and food consumption patterns, and nutrition transitions and healthcare. Collectively, the chapters represent highly original contributions to the disciplines of political science, economics, agricultural studies, and healthcare policy"--
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:1. Food Security and Food Sovereignty in the Middle East -- Mehran Kamrava and Zahra Babar -- 2. Historic Food Regimes and the Middle East -- Eckart Woertz -- 3. An Economic Analysis of National Food Sovereignty Policies in the Middle East: The Case of Lebanon and Jordan -- Jane Harrigan -- 4. Food Security and Food Sovereignty in Egypt -- Raymond Bush -- 5. Prospects for Food Self-Sufficiency in Iran in 2025 -- Habibollah Salami, Toktam Mohtashami and Mohamad Saeid Noori Naeini -- 6. Neither Security nor Sovereignty: Agriculture and Food Production in Yemen -- Martha Mundy, Amin al-Hakimi and Frédéric Pelat -- 7. Urban Agriculture and Food Security in the Middle Eastern Context: A Case Study from Lebanon and Jordan -- Shadi Hamadeh, Salwa Tohmé Tawk and Mounir Abi Said -- 8. Food Security and the Supermarket Transition in the Middle East-Two Case Studies -- Karin Seyfert, Jad Chabaan and Hala Ghattas -- 9. Win-Win versus Lose-Lose: Investments in Foreign Agriculture as a Food Security Strategy of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf -- Mary Ann Tétreault, Deborah L Wheeler and Benjamin Shepherd -- 10. Food Insecurity in the West Bank -- Elisa Cavatorta and Sam Waples -- 11. The Nutrition Transition and Obesity in Qatar -- Tahra Elobeid and Abdelmoniem Hassan.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 0199685975 , 9780198794745 , 9780199685974
    Language: English
    Pages: XXXIII, 525 S.
    Edition: 1. ed.
    Parallel Title: Online-Ausg. Economic, social, and cultural rights in international law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic, social, and cultural rights in international law
    DDC: 341.48
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Menschenrechte ; Grundrecht ; Internationales Recht ; International law and human rights Congresses ; Social rights Congresses ; Human security Congresses ; International economic relations Congresses ; Human rights ; Menschenrecht ; Grundrecht ; Kultur ; Soziales Grundrecht ; Vereinigungsfreiheit ; Koalitionsfreiheit ; Eigentumsgarantie ; Wirtschaftsfreiheit ; Rechtsstellung ; Völkerrecht ; Verbindlichkeit ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Menschenrecht ; Soziale Rechte ; Kulturelle Rechte
    Description / Table of Contents: I. Introduction 1. Gilles Giacca, Christophe Golay, and Eibe Riedel: Addressing the Issues and Challenges Confronting ESC Rights II. Challenges in the Protection of ESC Rights in Times of Crisis 2. Gilles Giacca: The Protection of Socio-Economic Rights in Armed Conflict: Challenges and Prospects 3. Mary Dowell-Jones: The Bond Markets and Socio-Economic Rights: Understanding the Challenge of Austerity 4. Ignazio Saiz and Sally-Anne Way: The Global Economic Crisis and its Implications for Economic and Social Rights 5. Olivier De Schutter: Companies and ESC Rights: The Need for a New Deal? III. Interrelationship of ESC Rights with other Legal Regimes 6. Hans Morten Haugen: Trade and Investment Agreements: What Role for ESC Rights in International Economic Law? 7. Holger P. Hestermeyer: ESC Rights in the World Trade Organization: Legal Aspects and Reality 8. Jorge E. Viñuales and Stéphanie Chuffard: From the Other Shore: ESC Rights from an International Environmental Law Perspective 9. Michelle Foster: International Refugee Law and Socio-Economic Rights 10. Larissa van den Herik: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - International Criminal Law's Blind Spot? IV. Challenges of Non-discrimination and equality in ESC rights 11. Ioana Cismas: Revisiting the Intersection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Civil and Political Rights 12. Sandra Ratjen: Non-Discrimination, Substantive Equality, and the realization of ESC Rights for All 13. Christine Chinkin: ESC Rights and Gender V. New Concepts and Tools to Measure the Progressive Realization of ESC Rights 14. Eibe Riedel: Indicators and Benchmarks - A Golden Metwand for ESC Rights Monitoring? 15. Aoife Nolan: Budget Analysis and Economic and Social Rights 16. Simon Walker: Human Rights Impact Assessments: Emerging Practice and Challenges 17. Tahmina Karimova: Obligation of International Assistance and Cooperation in Development Cooperation: A Legal Map with Areas of Shade and Light 18. Sigrun Skogly: 'Available Resources' and Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations: the Qualitative Challenge to International Assistance and Cooperation VI. New Trends in Monitoring ESC Rights at the International and National Level 19. Nico Schrijver: The International Court of Justice and ESC Rights 20. Malcolm Langford: New Trends in National Jurisprudence on ESC Rights 21. Duncan Wilson and Allison Corkery: The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in Monitoring ESC Rights 22. Frank Haldemann and Rachelle Kouassi: ESC Rights and Transitional Justice.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke , Enth. 18 Beitr
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  • 56
    Book
    Book
    Oxford [u.a.] : Oxford Univ. Press
    ISBN: 9780199313440 , 019931344X
    Language: English
    Pages: X, 185 S. , graph. Darst. , 22 cm
    Additional Information: Rezensiert in Little, David, 1933 - LAW, RELIGION, AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2016
    Series Statement: Inalienable rights series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Posner, Eric A., 1965 - The twilight of human rights law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Posner, Eric A., 1965 - The twilight of human rights law
    DDC: 342.08/5
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Vereinte Nationen ; Human rights ; Civil rights ; Human rights ; Civil rights ; Civil rights ; Human rights ; Menschenrecht ; Schutz ; Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag ; Internationale Organisation ; Beachtung ; Menschenrechtsverletzung ; Humanitäre Intervention ; Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948-12-10) ; Declaration of Human Rights (1948-12-10) ; Menschenrecht ; Bürgerrecht ; Menschenrechtspolitik
    Description / Table of Contents: The history of international human rights lawThe law and institutions of human rights -- Why do states enter into human rights treaties? -- Do states comply with human rights treaties? -- Why do states comply (or not comply) with human rights treaties? -- Human rights and war -- A fresh start : human rights and development.
    Note: Ursprünglich angekündigt u.d.T.: The twilight of international human rights law
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Indicators
    Abstract: The Little Green Data Book is a pocket-sized ready reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries. Key indicators are organized under the headings of agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, oceans, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. For the second year, The Little Green Data Book presents a new set of ocean-related indicators, highlighting the role of oceans in economic development
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9781464802904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: Gabon is an upper middle income country, with reasonable spending on health, however, its health outcomes resemble that of a country that is low / low-middle income. Where has Gabon gone wrong, and what are the challenges that Gabon is facing in improving health outcomes? Gabon is an emerging economy, while it has achieved high economic development it still has not achieved living standards and health outcomes seen in upper middle income countries. Gabon faces low life expectancy (63 years), levels as seen in other low income countries. It is in an early stage of an epidemiological transition. Fertility rates remain high, and mortality rates are starting to decline. It has a high burden from communicable diseases. While HIV incidence and tuberculosis incidence has started to show positive results, Malaria incidence continues to remain high. There are cost-effective interventions available to prevent many of the communicable diseases the country faces. These interventions require multi-sector approaches, behavioral change programs, outreach services, community development, and a primary health care focus
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464803444
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (232 p)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Development Report
    Abstract: Development economics and policy are due for a redesign. In the past few decades, research from across the natural and social sciences has provided stunning insight into the way people think and make decisions. Whereas the first generation of development policy was based on the assumption that humans make decisions deliberatively and independently, and on the basis of consistent and self-interested preferences, recent research shows that decision making rarely proceeds this way. People think automatically: when deciding, they usually draw on what comes to mind effortlessly. People also think socially: social norms guide much of behavior, and many people prefer to cooperate as long as others are doing their share. And people think with mental models: what they perceive and how they interpret it depend on concepts and worldviews drawn from their societies and from shared histories. The World Development Report 2015 offers a concrete look at how these insights apply to development policy. It shows how a richer view of human behavior can help achieve development goals in many areas, including early childhood development, household finance, productivity, health, and climate change. It also shows how a more subtle view of human behavior provides new tools for interventions. Making even minor adjustments to a decision-making context, designing interventions based on an understanding of social preferences, and exposing individuals to new experiences and ways of thinking may enable people to improve their lives. The Report opens exciting new avenues for development work. It shows that poverty is not simply a state of material deprivation, but also a “tax†? on cognitive resources that affects the quality of decision making. It emphasizes that all humans, including experts and policy makers, are subject to psychological and social influences on thinking, and that development organizations could benefit from procedures to improve their own deliberations and decision making. It demonstrates the need for more discovery, learning, and adaptation in policy design and implementation. The new approach to development economics has immense promise. Its scope of application is vast. This Report introduces an important new agenda for the development community
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: De Weerdt, Joachim The Challenge of Measuring Hunger
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Unterernährung ; Messung ; Tansania
    Abstract: There is widespread interest in the number of hungry people in the world and trends in hunger. Current global counts rely on combining each country's total food balance with information on distribution patterns from household consumption expenditure surveys. Recent research has advocated for calculating hunger numbers directly from these same surveys. For either approach, embedded in this effort are a number of important details about how household surveys are designed and how these data are then used. Using a survey experiment in Tanzania, this study finds great fragility in hunger counts stemming from alternative survey designs. As a consequence, comparable and valid hunger numbers will be lacking until more effort is made to either harmonize survey designs or better understand the consequences of survey design variation
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bundervoet, Tom What Explains Rwanda's Drop in Fertility between 2005 and 2010?
    Abstract: Following a decade-and-a-half stall, fertility in Rwanda dropped sharply between 2005 and 2010. Using a hierarchical age-period-cohort model, this paper finds that the drop in fertility is largely driven by cohort effects, with younger cohorts having substantially fewer children than older cohorts observed at the same age. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is applied on two successive rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey. The findings show that improved female education levels account for the largest part of the fertility decline, with improving household living standards and the progressive move toward non-agricultural employment being important secondary drivers. The drop in fertility has been particularly salient for the younger cohorts, for whom the fertility decline can be fully explained by changes in underlying determinants, most notably the large increase in educational attainment between 2005 and 2010
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Yamauchi, Futoshi An Alternative Estimate of School-Based Management Impacts on Students' Achievements
    Abstract: This paper aims to estimate the impact of school-based management on students' test scores in the Philippines. Estimation results using double differencing combined with propensity score matching show that school-based management increases the average national achievement test score by 4.2 points over three years. The increase in mathematics reached 5.7 points. This is larger than the estimate previously reported from the Philippines, probably because the sample schools had learned about implementation of school-based management from experiences accumulated in other provinces that introduced it earlier. The empirical results also show that schools with experienced principals and teachers are eager to introduce school-based management
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Raggl, Anna K Economic Growth in Ghana
    Abstract: This paper employs a simple cross-country panel framework to assess the determinants of growth in Ghana's gross domestic product over the past four decades. A set of standard covariates is used to explain growth rates. Natural resource variables are included because the effects of natural resource rents in gross domestic products are of particular interest for Ghana. Using the preferred specification, Ghana's growth potential is predicted for the upcoming decades under different scenarios. The results indicate that under the most pessimistic scenario of no improvements in the determinants of growth compared with the period 2005-09, Ghana's gross domestic product per capita growth rates will stagnate at approximately 4.5 percent during the next decade and decrease thereafter. If the policy measures and country characteristics improve in the way they did in the past three decades, average per capita growth rates of roughly 5.5 percent could be reached during 2015-34. Taking into account the expected oil production until 2034 adds 0.6 percentage points to projected gross domestic product growth rates on average
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: de Walque, Damien Coping with Risk
    Abstract: Transactional sex is believed to be an important risk-coping mechanism for women in Sub-Saharan Africa and a leading contributor to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This paper uses data from a panel of women in rural Tanzania whose primary occupation is agriculture. The analysis finds that following a negative shock (such as food insecurity), unmarried women are about three times more likely to have been paid for sex. Regardless of marital status, after a shock women have more unprotected sex and are 36 percent more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection. These empirical findings support the claims that transactional sex is not confined to commercial sex workers and that frequently experienced shocks, such as food insecurity, may lead women to engage in transactional sex as a risk-coping behavior
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eichengreen, Barry Tapering Talk
    Abstract: In May 2013, Federal Reserve officials first began to talk of the possibility of tapering their security purchases. This tapering talk had a sharp negative impact on emerging markets. Different countries, however, were affected very differently. This paper uses data on exchange rates, foreign reserves and equity prices between April and August 2013 to analyze who was hit and why. It finds that emerging markets that allowed the real exchange rate to appreciate and the current account deficit to widen during the prior period of quantitative easing saw the sharpest impact. Better fundamentals (the budget deficit, the public debt, the level of reserves, or the rate of economic growth) did not provide insulation. A more important determinant of the differential impact was the size of the country's financial market: countries with larger markets experienced more pressure on the exchange rate, foreign reserves, and equity prices. This is interpreted as showing that investors are better able to rebalance their portfolios when the target country has a relatively large and liquid financial market
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bown, Chad P Trade Policy Instruments over Time
    Abstract: This paper surveys political-economic research on the variety of instruments that governments use to conduct international trade policy. It presents key insights on the relationships between instruments such as tariffs, quotas, voluntary export restraints, and other nontariff barriers, as well as the ebb and flow of the national use of temporary trade barriers such as antidumping, countervailing duties, and safeguards. The survey examines trends in use of these trade policy instruments over recent history; and it reviews the major theoretical and empirical explanations behind, and interrelationships between, their uses. Finally, the paper highlights potential institutional impacts of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and subsequent World Trade Organization (WTO) on choice of policy instruments, as well as how multilateral, unilateral, and preferential tariff liberalization may introduce political-economic shocks and affect incentives over time for how governments rely on different instruments
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Amin, Mohammad Imports of Intermediate Inputs and Country Size
    Abstract: The paper analyzes the relationship between country size and the use of imported intermediate inputs by firms in 76 developing countries. Recent evidence indicates that the use of imported inputs can have a large, positive effect on productivity and growth, thus motivating a better understanding of the determinants of foreign inputs. The results confirm that, as is the case with exports, use of imported intermediate inputs is much higher at the extensive and intensive margins in small relative to large countries. The results for imported inputs are comparable in magnitude with those for exports
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Richter, Kaspar Does Growth Generate Jobs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia?
    Abstract: In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the link from growth to jobs was tenuous in the first decade of the transition, giving rise to the notion of jobless growth. Yet, European countries suffered large job losses during the recent recession, suggesting that jobs and growth are closely entwined. This study takes a new look at this issue. It provides a cross-country analysis of the employment intensity of growth over the last decade and a half in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, which includes the 11 Central and Eastern European countries that joined the EU since 2004, the countries of former Yugoslavia, the Countries of Independent States and Turkey. The authors compare these findings with other regions in the world. The paper shows that the responsiveness of employment to output increased in the second decade of the transition. It also finds that in some instances employment growth increases with reforms of labor and product markets, stronger macroeconomic policy frameworks, better governance, and more economic integration and diversification
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Credit Constraints, Agricultural Productivity, and Rural Nonfarm Participation
    Abstract: Although the potentially negative impacts of credit constraints on economic development have long been discussed conceptually, empirical evidence for Africa remains limited. This study uses a direct elicitation approach for a national sample of Rwandan rural households to assess empirically the extent and nature of credit rationing in the semi-formal sector and its impact using an endogenous sample separation between credit-constrained and unconstrained households. Being credit constrained reduces the likelihood of participating in off-farm self-employment activities by about 6.3 percent while making participation in low-return farm wage labor more likely. Even within agriculture, elimination of all types of credit constraints in the semi-formal sector could increase output by some 17 percent. Two suggestions for policy emerge from the findings. First, the estimates suggest that access to information (education, listening to the radio, and membership in a farm cooperative) has a major impact on reducing the incidence of credit constraints in the semi-formal credit sector. Expanding access to information in rural areas thus seems to be one of the most promising strategies to improve credit access in the short term. Second, making it easy to identify land owners and transfer land could also significantly reduce transaction costs associated with credit access
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (55 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Avdeenko, Alexandra International Interventions to Build Social Capital
    Abstract: Over the past decade the international community, especially the World Bank, has conducted programs to increase local public service delivery in developing countries by improving local governing institutions and creating social capital. This paper evaluates one such program in Sudan to answer the question: Can the international community change the grassroots civic culture of developing countries to increase social capital? The paper offers three contributions. First, it uses lab-in-the-field measures to focus on the effects of the program on pro-social preferences without the confounding influence of any program- induced changes on local governing institutions. Second, it tests whether the program led to denser social networks in recipient communities. Based on these two measures, the effect of the program was a precisely estimated zero. However, in a retrospective survey, respondents from program communities characterized their behavior as being more pro-social and their communities more socially cohesive. This leads to a third contribution of the paper: it provides evidence for the hypothesis, stated by several scholars in the literature, that retrospective survey measures of social capital over biased evidence of a positive effect of these programs. Regardless of one's faith in retrospective self-reported survey measures, the results clearly point to zero impact of the program on pro-social preferences and social network density. Therefore, if the increase in self-reported behaviors is accurate, it must be because of social sanctions that enforce compliance with pro-social norms through mechanisms other than the social networks that were measured
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gelb, Alan Sovereign Wealth Funds and Long-Term Development Finance
    Abstract: Sovereign wealth funds represent a large and growing pool of savings. An increasing number of these funds are owned by natural resource-exporting countries and have a variety of objectives, including intergenerational equity and macroeconomic stabilization. Traditionally, these funds have invested in external assets, especially securities traded in major markets. But the persistent infrastructure financing gap in developing countries has motivated some governments to encourage their sovereign wealth funds to invest domestically. This paper proposes some basic elements of a conceptual framework to create a system of checks and balances to help ensure that the sovereign wealth funds do not undermine macroeconomic management or become a vehicle for politically driven "investments." First, the risks and opportunities of domestic investment by sovereign wealth funds are analyzed. Central issues are the relationship of sovereign wealth fund financing to the budget process and to the procurement systems of sector ministries, as well as the establishment of appropriate benchmarks and safeguards to ensure the integrity of investment decisions. The paper argues that a well-governed sovereign wealth fund, with a sound mandate and professional management and staffing, can possibly improve the quality of the public investment program. But its mandate should not duplicate that of other government institutions with investment mandates, such as the budget, the national development bank, the investment authority, and state-owned enterprises. Establishing rules on the type of investment (for example, commercial and/or quasi-commercial) and its modalities (for example, no controlling stakes, leveraging private investment) is one way to ensure separation between the activities of the sovereign wealth fund and those of other institutions. The critical issue remains that of limiting the sovereign wealth fund's investment scope to that appropriate for a wealth fund. If investments that generate quasi-market returns are permitted, the size of the home bias should be clearly stipulated and these investments should be reported separately
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Skoufias, Emmanuel Electoral Accountability and Local Government Spending in Indonesia
    Abstract: This paper takes advantage of the exogenous phasing of direct elections in districts and applies the double-difference estimator to measure impacts on (i) human development outcomes and (ii) the pattern of public spending and revenue generation at the district level. The analysis reveals that four years after the switch to direct elections, there have been no significant effects on human development outcomes. However, the estimates of the impact of Pilkada on health expenditures at the district level suggest that directly elected district officials may have become more responsive to local needs at least in the area of health. The composition of district expenditures changes considerably during the year and sometimes the year before the elections, shifting toward expenditure categories that allow incumbent district heads running as candidates in the direct elections to "buy" voter support. Electoral reforms did not lead to higher revenue generation from own sources and had no effect on the budget surplus of districts with directly elected heads
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Feyen, Erik The Impact of Funding Models and Foreign Bank Ownership on Bank Credit Growth
    Abstract: This paper provides new evidence on the factors affecting protracted credit contraction in the wake of the global financial crisis. The paper applies panel vector autoregressions to a global panel that consists of quarterly data for 41 countries for the period 2000-2011 and documents that domestic private credit growth is highly sensitive to cross-border funding shocks around the world. This relationship is significantly stronger in Central and Eastern Europe, a region with considerably stronger foreign presence, higher cross-border funding, and elevated loan-to-deposit ratios compared with the rest of the world. The paper shows that high foreign ownership per se does not appear to explain credit response differences to foreign funding shocks. Rather, there is a stronger response in countries that exhibit high loan-to-deposit ratios and a high reliance on foreign funding relative to local deposits. The results suggest that funding model differences were at the heart of the post-crisis credit contraction in several Central and Eastern European countries. These findings have important regulatory and supervisory implications for emerging countries in Central and Eastern Europe as well as for other countries
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Hillberry, Russell Import Dynamics and Demands for Protection
    Abstract: What kinds of changes in foreign competition lead domestic industries to seek import protection? To address this question this paper uses detailed monthly U.S. import data to investigate changes in import composition during a 24-month window immediately preceding the filing of a petition for protection. A decomposition methodology allows a comparison of imports from two groups of countries supplying the same product: those that are named in the petition and those that are not. The same decomposition can be applied to products quite similar to the imports in question, but not subject to a petition. The results suggest that industries typically seek protection when faced with a specific pattern of shocks. First, a persistent positive relative supply shock favors imports from named countries. Second, a negative demand shock hits imports from all sources just prior to domestic industries' petition for protection. The relative supply shock is a broad one; it applies both to named commodities and to the comparison product group. The import demand shock, by contrast, is narrow, hitting only named products. The latter shock is also large: import growth over the two-year window is 15 percentage points lower in named products than in reference products, with most of this gap arising in the final two quarters before the petition. The negative import demand shock appears to be a key event in the run-up to the filing of a petition. It has been missed by previous studies using more aggregated data
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Chan, Rosanna Financial Constraints, Working Capital and the Dynamic Behavior of the Firm
    Abstract: Financial constraints are widespread in developing countries, where even short-term credit is limited. Finance held by firms as working capital is a substantial proportion of sales revenue, yet the role of working capital is largely neglected by existing models of financial constraints. This paper presents a dynamic model of the firm that incorporates working capital by introducing a delay between factor payments and the receipt of revenue. In contrast with previous models, the working capital model predicts that firms under binding constraints will substitute between labor and capital in response to demand shocks, causing investment to be countercyclical. For firms near the margin of being constrained, constraints bind when positive production opportunities arise. Output growth is therefore constrained in response to positive shocks but not to negative shocks. Simulations suggest that models without working capital may understate the predicted effects of financial constraints on production efficiency, firm profit and growth over time. The predictions are tested with the Bangladesh Panel Survey data for manufacturing firms. Consistent with the theory, there is evidence that constraints bind when output price increases, that investment by constrained firms is countercyclical, and that output response to positive shocks is dampened for firms that are sometimes constrained. The results also are important for policy. In order to maximize growth, efforts to relieve credit constraints should be focused on periods when demand shocks are high
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Pratt, Richard Governance of Securities Regulators
    Abstract: This paper reviews the published work on the governance of regulatory authorities in order to identify the basic governance standards that apply and some of the factors that affect the implementation of good governance. There are four pillars of good regulatory governance: independence, accountability, transparency, and integrity. The regulator should be operationally independent from commercial and political influences in the exercise of its functions and powers. Accountability is the means whereby a regulatory authority is held responsible for the actions it takes. Transparency refers to the publication of relevant information designed to demonstrate consistency and openness. The fourth governance pillar, integrity, refers to the internal processes that the authority adopts to ensure there is discipline and consistency in its operations and to limit the risks of regulatory staff acting in their own self-interest as opposed to that of the authority and the market. These four elements are mutually reinforcing, in that accountability is necessary to provide legitimacy to independence, transparency is necessary to demonstrate that independence does not lead to abuse or improper behavior, and integrity is necessary to provide the discipline to control the exercise of independent powers. Available evidence suggests that independence and accountability are far from being universally applied in practice. The paper concludes with some practical suggestions that experience indicates are likely to enhance the effectiveness of the governance of securities regulators. Good governance of the securities regulator is necessary for effective regulation. It is also of importance in setting an example to encourage good corporate governance in the private sector
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Pitt, Mark M Re-Re-Reply to "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence
    Abstract: "The Impact of Microcredit on the Poor in Bangladesh: Revisiting the Evidence," by David Roodman and Jonathan Morduch (2014) (henceforth RM) is the most recent of a sequence of papers and web postings that seeks to refute the findings of the Pitt and Khandker (1998; henceforth PK) article "The Impact of Group-Based Credit on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter?" that microcredit for women had significant, favorable effects on household consumption and other outcomes. In this version of RM, the authors have backed off many of their prior claims and methods after earlier replies noted their faults (see Pitt (1999), Pitt (2011a), Pitt (2011b), and Pitt and Khandker (2012)). Nonetheless, important claims against PK remain in this new version of RM and are addressed below. Readers should refer to Pitt and Khandker (2012) for a discussion of other issues with RM, including a discussion of the bimodal likelihood
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  • 78
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lopez-Claros, Augusto Fiscal Challenges after the Global Financial Crisis
    Abstract: The global financial crisis and the response to it have contributed to a sharp increase in public indebtedness in a large number of countries. While there have been episodes of high debt in the past, there are a number of long-term challenges today that are likely to complicate the implementation of sustainable fiscal policies in the coming years. Population aging and climate change are factors that are likely to contribute to rising fiscal pressures and the crisis has highlighted the risks and vulnerabilities stemming from reduced fiscal space. This paper argues that heightened fiscal challenges can only be dealt with successfully by adopting a long-term fiscal planning horizon. The paper analyzes a range of available policy tools that countries have used in the past to improve fiscal management. Particular attention is paid to the role of rules-based policies, improvements in the budget process, better accounting of long-term liabilities in the government budget, the deleterious effects of unproductive expenditures, and the painful trade-offs created by the crisis and the toolkit at hand to address them
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801303
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Equity and development
    DDC: 331.01/10954123
    Keywords: Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment ; Guaranteed annual income ; Manpower policy, Rural ; Right to labor ; Unemployment
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 80
    ISBN: 1464801339 , 9781464801334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 257 pages) , illustrations , 24 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Streamlined analysis with ADePT software
    DDC: 363.8
    Keywords: ADEPT (Computer program) ; ADEPT (Computer program) ; Food security Computer programs ; Food security Data processing ; Food security Statistical methods ; Household surveys Data processing ; Household surveys Statistical methods ; Food security Computer programs ; Food security Data processing ; Food security Statistical methods ; Household surveys Data processing ; Household surveys Statistical methods ; ADEPT (Computer program) ; Food security ; Food security ; Food security ; Household surveys ; Household surveys
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:ch. 1Food SecurityIntroductionBackgroundSources of Food Consumption DataSummaryADePT-Food Security ModuleNotesReferencesBibliographych. 2Theoretical ConceptsIntroductionFood Data Collected in Household SurveysStandardization ProceduresIndicators on Food SecurityAnnexesNotesReferencesBibliographych. 3Guide to Output TablesIntroductionOutput TablesGlossary of IndicatorsNotesReferencesBibliographych. 4DatasetsIntroductionDatasets DescriptionExogenous ParametersNotesReferencesch. 5Guide to Using ADePT-FSMIntroductionSystem RequirementsInstalling ADePTRegistering ADePTLaunching ADePTUsing the ADePT-FSM Main WindowUsing ADePT-FSMExamining the TablesViewing Basic Information about a Dataset's VariablesWorking with ProjectsExiting ADePTUsing ADePT in a Batch ModeDebug ModeReference.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9781464802881
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Studies
    Abstract: This publication briefly describes the processes and methodologies for building and sustaining multistakeholder coalition to drive reforms in the health sector. It is based on the experiences of three East African countries -- Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. It outlines, by chapter, each country's experience in identifying, mobilizing, and coalescing key stakeholders to address governance bottlenecks in pharmaceutical procurement and supply chain management. It highlights challenges, successes as well as lessons learned to guide other countries
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9781464801525
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (372 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American Development Forum
    Abstract: The seven million teachers of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are the critical actors in the region's efforts to improve education quality and raise student learning levels, which lag far behind those of OECD countries and East Asian countries such as China. This book documents the high economic stakes around teacher quality, benchmarks the current performance of LAC's teachers, and delineates the key issues. These include low standards for entry into teacher training, poor quality training programs that are detached from the realities of the classroom, unattractive career incentives, and weak support for teachers once they are on the job. New research conducted for this report in close to 15,000 classrooms in seven different LAC countries - the largest cross-country study of this kind to date - provides a first-ever insight into how the region's teachers perform inside the classroom. It documents that the average teacher in LAC loses the equivalent of one day of instructional time per week because of inadequate preparation, excessive time on administration (taking attendance, passing out papers) and a surprisingly high share of time physically absent from the classrooms where they should be teaching. Teachers also make limited use of available learning materials, espcially those using information and communications technology (ICT), and are unable to keep the majority of their students engaged. The book sets out the three priority lines of reform needed to produce great teachers in LAC: policies to recruit better teachers; programs to groom teachers and improve their skills once they are in service; and stronger incentives to motivate teachers to perform their best throughout their career. In every area, the book distills the latest evidence from inside and outside the region to provide practical guidance to policymakers in the design of effective programs and sustainable reforms. A final chapter analyzes the politics of recent major teacher reforms in Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Mexico, chronicling the prominent role of teachers' unions and the political and communications strategies that have underpinned successful reforms
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank Group | Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464804229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (106 p)
    Edition: World Bank eLibrary
    RVK:
    Keywords: Westafrika ; Ebola-Virus ; Auswirkung ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Beyond its terrible toll in human lives and suffering, the Ebola epidemic has inflicted a measurable economic impact on West Africa in terms of forgone output, higher fiscal deficits, rising prices, lower real household incomes, and greater poverty. This impact results partly from the health-care costs and forgone productivity associated with being infected, but it is driven principally by the efforts of the uninfected population to avoid exposure ('aversion behavior'). The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic: Short- and Medium-Term Estimates for West Africa provides a mixed methods analysis of the economic impact, combining theory on the channels of economic impact of the epidemic, economic indicators across sectors in the affected countries, and models of how these economies interact with each other and with the broader world. The result is a quantification of the potential overall magnitude of the economic impact for Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as well as for West Africa as a whole. Ebola's short-term economic impact (2014) in the three core countries is on the order of US
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Andres, Luis A Sanitation and Externalities
    Abstract: This paper estimates two sources of benefits related to sanitation infrastructure access on early childhood health: a direct benefit a household receives when moving from open to fixed-point defecation or from unimproved sanitation to improved sanitation, and an external benefit (externality) produced by the neighborhood's access to sanitation infrastructure. The paper uses a sample of children under 48 months in rural areas of India from the Third Round of District Level Household Survey 2007-08 and finds evidence of positive and significant direct benefits and concave positive external effects for both improved sanitation and fixed-point defecation. There is a 47 percent reduction in diarrhea prevalence between children living in a household without access to improved sanitation in a village without coverage of improved sanitation and children living in a household with access to improved sanitation in a village with complete coverage. One-fourth of this benefit is due to the direct benefit leaving the rest to external gains. Finally, all the benefits from eliminating open defecation come from improved sanitation and not other sanitation solutions
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (30 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ehrhart, Hélène Does Migration Foster Exports?
    Abstract: This paper aims at assessing the impact of migration on export performance and more particularly the effect of African migrants on African trade. Relying on a new data set on international bilateral migration recently released by the World Bank spanning from 1980 to 2010, the authors estimate a gravity model that deals satisfactorily with endogeneity. The results first indicate that the pro-trade effect of migration is higher for African countries, a finding that can be partly explained by the substitution between migrants and institutions (the existence of migrant networks compensating for weak contract enforcement, for instance). This positive association is particularly important for the exports of differentiated products, suggesting that migrants also play an important role in reducing information costs. Moreover, focusing on intra-African trade, the pro-trade effect of African migrants is larger when migrants are established in a more geographically and ethnically distant country. All these findings highlight the ability of African migrants to help overcome some of the main barriers to African trade: the weakness of institutions, information costs, cultural differences, and lack of trust
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cebeci, Tolga Impact of Export Destinations on Firm Performance
    Abstract: This paper evaluates the role of export destinations on productivity, employment, and wages of Turkish firms by comparing the performance of firms that export to low-income destinations and high-income destinations with firms that do not export. A combination of propensity score matching and difference-in-differences methods are employed on a rich set of firm observables, including sector, region, employment, total factor productivity (TFP), capital intensity, wages, support from government, ownership, and the research and development intensity of firms. Four sets of findings emerge from the analysis: i) Export entry has a positive causal effect on firm TFP and employment and this effect is strengthened as a firm continues to export. ii) In contrast, export entry has a moderate wage effect that emerges only with a lag. iii) Unlike exporting to high-income destinations, exporting to low-income destinations does not result in significantly higher firm TFP and wages. iv) The employment effect of exporting to low-income destinations is comparable to that of exporting to high-income destinations
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Calderón, César Ride the Wild Surf
    Abstract: Over the past 15 years, gross inflows to industrial and developing countries have enjoyed a wild ride. After reaching record highs in the run-up to the global financial crisis, they collapsed dramatically in 2008-09. As signs of global recovery reappeared, capital inflows resumed although at different speeds. The recovery in flows was faster and sharper in developing countries. This paper aims at understanding the (domestic and external) drivers of these surges in gross inflows using quarterly data for 67 countries from 1975 to 2010. It finds that domestic and external factors have significant explanatory power in driving surges of inflows. This finding holds for the sample of industrial countries whereas domestic factors play a significantly larger role in explaining surges to developing countries. Zooming into the findings shows that: (a) financial booms tend to attract massive capital inflows, (b) surges to either industrial or developing countries are driven by regional contagion, and (c) strong growth and natural resource abundance are keys to attract inflows of foreign capital into developing countries
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lockheed, Marlaine E Teacher Opinions on Performance Incentives
    Abstract: This paper uses data from a post-hoc evaluation of a performance-based teacher incentive program in the Kyrgyz Republic to examine the opinions of teachers receiving different pay bonuses based on their performance as assessed by external evaluators. Overall, teacher opinions of the program were favorable, although teachers who received lower performance ratings held less favorable opinions about the motivational aspects of the program. Despite this, lower-rated teachers were more likely to report that they used what they learned to evaluate their own teaching, as compared with more highly rated teachers, and were more likely to take professional development courses in the years following the program's implementation
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Didier, Tatiana Financial Development in Asia
    Abstract: This paper documents the major trends in financial development in Asia since the early 1990s and the spillovers to firms. It compares Asia with advanced and emerging countries and uses both aggregate and disaggregate indicators. Financial systems in Asia remain less developed than in advanced countries but more developed than in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Bond and stock markets play a larger role and institutional investors have gained importance. Nonetheless, capital-raising activity has not expanded. A few large companies capture most of the issuances. Many secondary markets remain illiquid. The public sector captures a significant share of bond markets. The largest advancements in Asia occurred in China and India. But still in these countries, few large companies use capital markets to expand and grow, becoming much larger than nonuser firms. In sum, Asia's financial systems remain less developed than aggregate measures suggest, with few spillovers to many firms
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Aguilar, Arturo Decomposition of Gender Differentials in Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia
    Abstract: This paper employs decomposition methods to analyze differences in agricultural productivity between male and female land managers in Ethiopia. It employs data from the 2011-2012 Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey. An overall 23.4 percent gender differential in agricultural productivity is estimated at the mean in favor of male land managers, of which 10.1 percentage points are explained by differences in land manager characteristics, land attributes, and unequal access to resources (the endowment effect). The remaining 13.4 percentage points are explained by unequal returns to productive components, but cannot be easily tied to specific covariates. These results are mainly driven by non-married female managers (mainly single and divorced). Married female managers do not display such disadvantages. Further analysis along the productivity distribution reveals that gender differentials are more pronounced at mid-levels of productivity and that the share of the gender gap explained by the endowment effect declines as productivity increases. Detailed decomposition of estimates at selected points of the agricultural productivity distribution provides valuable information for policy intervention purposes
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Cavalcanti, Carlos B Measuring the Impact of Debt-Financed Public Investment
    Abstract: While debt-financed productive public investment raises a country's debt ratios in the short run, it can also generate higher growth, revenues, and exports, leading over time to lower debt ratios. This paper develops a framework to assess whether countries meet the conditions for realizing the net benefits over the costs of public investment debt financing. While it is possible to achieve debt sustainability with an appropriate mix of concessional and non-concessional financing, this is a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is also important to ensure the operational viability of public investment projects by having in place adequate project management: (i) project screening and appraisal, (ii) a clear connection between capital and recurrent expenditures once the projects are launched, and (iii) safeguards for appropriate project implementation and facilities operations. To illustrate the strength of these results, the paper carries out three measurement exercises: (a) a simulation of the degree to which the ratio of optimal public investment responds to changes in key parameters related to project management in a general equilibrium model; (b) application of the public investment management (PIMa) index to benchmark a country's public investment management capacity; and (c) presentation of the results of the Investment, Savings, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities tool aimed at tracking country choices in public finance and the impact of public projects on private investments
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bonzanigo, Laura Making Informed Investment Decisions in an Uncertain World
    Abstract: Governments invest billions of dollars annually in long-term projects. Yet deep uncertainties pose formidable challenges to making near-term decisions that make long-term sense. Methods that identify robust decisions have been recommended for investment lending but are not widely used. This paper seeks to help bridge this gap and, with a demonstration, motivate and equip analysts better to manage uncertainty in investment decisions. The paper first reviews the economic analysis of ten World Bank projects. It finds that analysts seek to manage uncertainty but use traditional approaches that do not evaluate options over the full range of possible futures. Second, the paper applies a different approach, Robust Decision Making, to the economic analysis of a 2006 World Bank project, the Electricity Generation Rehabilitation and Restructuring Project, which sought to improve Turkey's energy security. The analysis shows that Robust Decision Making can help decision makers answer specific and useful questions: How do options perform across a wide range of potential future conditions? Under what specific conditions does the leading option fail to meet decision makers' goals? Are those conditions sufficiently likely that decision makers should choose a different option? Such knowledge informs rather than replaces decision makers' deliberations. It can help them systematically, rigorously, and transparently compare their options and select one that is robust. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that analysts can use the same data and models for Robust Decision Making as are typically used in economic analyses. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges in applying such methods and how they can be overcome
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (46 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Ali, Daniel Ayalew Is There a Farm-Size Productivity Relationship in African Agriculture?
    Abstract: Whether the negative relationship between farm size and productivity that is confirmed in a large global literature holds in Africa is of considerable policy relevance. This paper revisits this issue and examines potential causes of the inverse productivity relationship in Rwanda, where policy makers consider land fragmentation and small farm sizes to be key bottlenecks for the growth of the agricultural sector. Nationwide plot-level data from Rwanda point toward a constant returns to scale crop production function and a strong negative relationship between farm size and output per hectare as well as intensity of labor use that is robust across specifications. The inverse relationship continues to hold if profits with family labor valued at shadow wages are used, but disappears if family labor is rather valued at village-level market wage rates. These findings imply that, in Rwanda, labor market imperfections, rather than other unobserved factors, seem to be a key reason for the inverse farm-size productivity relationship
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (33 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Onder, Harun Macroeconomic and Fiscal Implications of Population Aging in Bulgaria
    Abstract: Bulgaria is in the midst of a serious demographic transition that will shrink its population at one of the highest rates in the world within the next few decades. This study analyzes the macroeconomic and fiscal implications of this demographic transition by using a long-term model, which integrates the demographic projections with social security, fiscal and real economy dimensions in a consistent manner. The simulations suggest that, even under fairly optimistic assumptions, Bulgaria's demographic transition will exert significant fiscal pressures and depress the economic growth in the medium and long term. However, the results also demonstrate that the Government of Bulgaria can play a significant role in mitigating some of these effects. Policies that induce higher labor force participation, promote productivity and technological improvement, and provide better education outcomes are found to counteract the negative consequences of the demographic shift
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Klapper, Leora New Firm Registration and the Business Cycle
    Abstract: This paper uses new panel data on the number of new firm registrations in 109 countries during 2002-2012 to study the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. The data show strong evidence of a pro-cyclical pattern in entrepreneurship. An examination of heterogeneous relationships between new firm registration and the business cycle finds that higher levels of financial development and better business environments are associated with stronger pro-cyclicality of entrepreneurship both across countries and within countries over time. The results are robust to various measures of business regulation, such as the cost and time of starting a new firm and closing an insolvent firm. These findings suggest that fostering an efficient regulatory environment for the financial and private sector is important for encouraging a speedier recovery in the formation of new firms during economic expansions and aiding the efficient wind-down of insolvent firms during economic slowdowns
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Inderst, Georg Institutional Investment in Infrastructure in Developing Countries
    Abstract: The link between infrastructure and economic growth is widely acknowledged-as is the infrastructure gap, which can act as a break on growth in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). Since the global economic and financial crisis, the challenges of raising financing for infrastructure projects in EMDEs are also well known. The challenges come from stretched government finances and restrictions on global bank lending. Hence much attention has been focused on the potential for institutional investors as a growing potential source of financing. This paper argues that infrastructure projects can potentially deliver long-term returns, but investments, particularly in EMDEs need to be carefully structured to meet the needs of both sides. The paper first considers the existing types of institutional investors and their potential for filling the infrastructure financing gap. The challenges of adjusting asset allocations, particularly toward EMDE infrastructure, are discussed and examples of projects where institutional investors have been involved are given. Finally, the paper considers a range of models for the involvement of institutional investors in EMDEs and makes initial proposals for how to determine which model fits best in a particular country context
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Eden, Maya "Crowding in" and the Returns to Government Investment in Low-Income Countries
    Keywords: Öffentliche Investition ; Private Investition ; Verdrängungseffekt ; Return on Investment ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This paper estimates the effect of government investment on private investment in a sample of 39 low-income countries. Fluctuations in a predetermined component of disbursements on loans from official creditors to developing country governments are used as an instrument for fluctuations in public investment. The analysis finds evidence of "crowding in": an extra dollar of government investment raises private investment by roughly two dollars, and output by 1.5 dollars. To understand the implications for the return to public investment, a CES production function with public and private capital as inputs is calibrated. For most countries in the sample, the returns to government investment exceed the world interest rate. However, for some countries that already have high government investment rates, the return to further investment is below the world interest rate
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Lakhani, Sadaf They are Not like us
    Abstract: Negative attitudes toward groups in society are widespread and underpin systematic processes of social exclusion that marginalize people and deny them opportunities and dignity. This paper looks at the processes underlying social exclusion. It uses data covering Eastern Europe and Central Asia to study the responses to a simple hypothetical survey question about which specific groups respondents would not like to have as neighbors. Unwelcoming attitudes toward groups such as immigrants, ethnic minorities, the poor, HIV+ individuals, and others are surprisingly common. These attitudes fall into three distinct clusters: intolerance for the poor and for different lifecycle stages; intolerance toward stigmatized attributes and behaviors; and intolerance toward specific identity groups. An empirical analysis of the determinants of attitudes shows that country-specific factors are far more important than socio-economic characteristics. These findings could have important implications for theories about exclusion and for the design of appropriate social inclusion policies. The authors argue that strategies to address social exclusion need to consider ways to change social norms, attitudes, and behaviors toward disadvantaged groups. The paper explores potential entry points for change within formal and informal institutions
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Bastos, Paulo Does Energy Consumption Respond to Price Shocks?
    Keywords: Energiekonsum ; Preiselastizität ; Versorgungswirtschaft ; Regulierung ; Regressionsanalyse ; Buenos Aires ; Argentinien
    Abstract: This paper exploits unique features of a recently introduced tariff schedule for natural gas in Buenos Aires to estimate the short-run impact of price shocks on residential energy utilization. The schedule induces a nonlinear and non-monotonic relationship between households' accumulated consumption and unit prices, thus generating exogenous price variation, which is exploited in a regression-discontinuity design. The results reveal that a price increase causes a prompt and significant decline in gas consumption. They also indicate that consumers respond more to recent past bills than to expected prices, which argues against the assumption that consumers have perfect awareness of complex price schedules
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Parallel Title: Gutierrez, Eva Mobile Money Services Development
    Abstract: This study intends to increase understanding of how different types of mobile money services have developed in different environments. For this purpose, two countries were selected, the Republic of Korea and Uganda. From these study cases, some conclusions emerge. The development of mobile banking services can appear at different stages of financial sector development, but it requires a vibrant and competitive telecommunications sector. The regulatory environment does not need to be very sophisticated for the mobile industry to emerge. However, some elements appear to be important. The legal framework should allow (or at least not explicitly forbid) nonbank financial institutions to issue money and use banking agents or correspondents. To ensure wider use of the service by the population, it is important to educate the population on the benefits of mobile money services
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