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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (4,161)
  • Online Resource  (4,161)
  • Graue Literatur  (4,161)
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Material
Language
Years
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report : inclusive framework on BEPS: action 14 (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    Language: English
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Steuerpolitik ; Konfliktregelung ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How was life? (2021-)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    DOI: 10.1787/3d96efc5-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    World development indicators (2000-)
    [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar] : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; Nachgewiesen 2000 -
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2000 -
    Additional Information: In Beziehung stehendes Werk World development indicators online Washington, DC : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2006 Datenbank
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators CD-ROM
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als World development indicators
    DDC: 310
    Keywords: Entwicklungsindikator ; Welt ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik
    Note: Fortsetzung der Druck-Ausgabe , Gesehen am 05.12.13 , Frühere Jg. online nicht mehr verfügbar
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2194916
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: http://elibrary.worldbank.org/action/showPublications?SeriesKey=c18
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Südosteuropa-Mitteilungen (2002-)
    München : Ges. ; Nachgewiesen 2002 -
    Associated volumes
    In:  Central and Eastern European online library
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-174X , 0340-174X
    Language: German , English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nachgewiesen 2002 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Südosteuropa-Mitteilungen
    Titel der Quelle: Central and Eastern European online library
    Publ. der Quelle: Frankfurt am Main : Central and Eastern European Online Library GmbH, 2003
    DDC: 000
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Südosteuropa ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 09.08.2022
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2237296
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unternehmen Region (2004-)
    Bonn ; 2004 -
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 2004 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Unternehmen Region
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; Ostdeutschland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Gesehen am 02.09.2022
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    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2324886
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eastern Africa social science research review : a publication of the Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa and Southern Europe (2002-)
    Addis Ababa : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 18.2002 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-4173 , 1027-1775 , 1027-1775
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 18.2002 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Eastern Africa social science research review
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Entwicklungstheorie ; Sozialwissenschaft ; Ostafrika ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Gesellschaft ; Gruppe ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel ; Afrika südlich der Sahara Sozialwissenschaften ; Gesellschaft ; Soziale Gruppe ; Sozioökonomische Entwicklung ; Subsaharisches Afrika ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Herausgebendes Organ früher: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern Africa , Gesehen am 25.10.2016
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/51
    URL: https://ezb.ur.de/?2093436-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    African economic history (1976-)
    Boston, Mass. | Madison, Wis. ; Nr. 1.1976 -
    Details
    ISSN: 2163-9108 , 0145-2258
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: Nr. 1.1976 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. African economic history
    Former Title: Vorg.: African economic history review
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Urh. teils.: African Studies Center, Boston University
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.asp?db=30h&jid=%22G82%22&scope=site
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2262118
    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/afrieconhist
    URL: https://muse.jhu.edu/journal/482
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    HU Berlin
    München BSB
    München UB
    Würzburg UB
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Africa Spectrum (1966-)
    London : SAGE Publishing | Pfaffenhofen : Afrika-Verl. | Hamburg : Inst. of African Affairs | Hamburg : Hamburg Univ. Press ; 1.1966 -
    Details
    ISSN: 1868-6869 , 1868-6869 , 0002-0397
    Language: German , English , French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Dates of Publication: 1.1966 -
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Africa Spectrum
    Former Title: Afrika Spectrum
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Politologie ; Soziologie ; Wirtschaftswissenschaften ; Afrika ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Zeitschrift
    Note: Herausgebendes Organ bis 1975: Deutsches Institut für Afrika-Forschung; bis 2006: Institut für Afrika-Kunde; bis 30.04.2020: Institut für Afrika-Studien , Erscheint unregelmäßig , Gesehen am 26.02.2020 , Text teils dt., teils engl., teils franz.
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/00020397
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/00020397
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/00020397
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/00020397
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    URL: https://www.jstor.org/journal/africaspec
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    URL: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/doaj/00020397
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?2466495
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Production transformation policy review of Bangladesh : investing in the future of a trading nation (2023)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264776869 , 9789264706255 , 9789264479456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 139 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD development pathways
    Keywords: Productive Capacities ; Structural Transformation ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Bangladesh ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Half a century after independence, Bangladesh has achieved impressive progress. The country has transformed from one of the poorest nations into a global textile manufacturing hub capable of meeting its medical needs almost entirely through domestic pharmaceutical production. The country will graduate from the least developed country (LDC) category in 2026 and aspires to be a high-income nation through industrialisation by 2041. Meeting this challenge requires accelerating economic transformation through diversification and innovation. This Production Transformation Policy Review (PTPR), implemented with the support and collaboration of the European Union (EU), and in partnership with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), identifies concrete options for supporting Bangladesh's development. It calls for leveraging digitalisation to address persistent fragilities and it advocates for a new pact based on shared responsibilities between the national government, the private sector and international partners to shift to a new development phase and ensure sustainable, smooth and irreversible graduation.
    DOI: 10.1787/8b925b06-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global perspectives on non-governmental organizations (2023)
    London, United Kingdom : IntechOpen
    Details
    ISBN: 9781803565460 , 9781803565477
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 170 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Nichtregierungsorganisation ; Nonprofit-Organisation ; Nonprofit-Management ; Nonprofit-Marketing ; Entwicklungsländer ; Welt ; Organizational theory & behaviour ; Graue Literatur ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive overview of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including their development, structure, marketing, and challenges. It is divided into two sections: “Management Aspects of NGOs in the Area of Development, Marketing and Sourcing”, and “Case Studies of NGOs”. Chapters discuss the development of NGOs and present case studies of NGOs in various countries, including Ethiopia, Bangladesh, South Africa, and others. They also address such topics as NGOs in the healthcare sector, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the humanitarian supply chain, and how NGOs can protect and preserve cultural heritage
    Note: English
    DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.102126
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Distribution of Crisis Credit : Effects on Firm Indebtedness and Aggregate Risk (2022)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Huneeus, Federico The Distribution of Crisis Credit: Effects on Firm Indebtedness and Aggregate Risk
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Coronavirus ; Kreditrisiko ; Kreditsicherung ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Chile ; Administrative and Civil Service Reform ; Credit Program ; De Facto Governments ; Democratic Government ; Employment Program ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Financial Regulation and Supervision ; Governance ; Government ; Guaranteed Loan ; Labor Markets ; Liquidity Support To Bank ; Public Credit ; Research Group ; Return To Capital ; Risk-Sharing Arrangement ; ROC ; Social Protections and Labor ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper studies the distribution of credit during crisis times and its impact on firm indebtedness and macroeconomic risk. Whereas policies can help firms in need of financing, they can lead to adverse selection from riskier firms and higher default risk. The paper analyzes a large-scale program of public credit guarantees in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic using unique transaction-level data on the demand and supply of credit, matched with administrative tax data, for the universe of banks and firms. Credit demand channels loans toward riskier firms, distributing 4.6 percent of gross domestic product and increasing firm leverage. Despite increased lending to riskier firms, macroeconomic risks remain small. Several factors mitigate aggregate risk: the small weight of riskier firms, the exclusion of the riskiest firms, bank screening, contained expected defaults, and the government absorption of tail risk. The empirical findings are confirmed with a model of heterogeneous firms and endogenous default
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9937
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    One hundred years of substantivist economic anthropology (2021)
    Halle/Saale : Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten, 0,32 MB)
    Series Statement: Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology working papers no. 205
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Hann, Chris, 1953 - One hundred years of substantivist economic anthropology
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The paper offers a perspective on the history and epistemological status of economic anthropology, ranging from the contributions of Bronislaw Malinowski in the early 1920s to the state of the field today. The focus is on the substantivist tradition, associated in the history of anthropology primarily with Karl Polanyi. The deep-rooted confusion that results from what he termed the “two meanings of ‘economic’” is already visible in the earlier oeuvre of Bronislaw Malinowski. The substantivist tradition initiated almost unwittingly by Malinowski continues to flourish and is compatible with a variety of theoretical approaches. Tensions will always exist between the relativist, empiricist thrust of substantivist economic anthropology and the allegedly universal reach of the deductive models that dominate in mainstream (neoclassical) economics. These theoretical tensions may in some places acquire a political tinge, but they can always be mitigated through meticulous ethnography. The point is illustrated in this paper with reference to work on property relations in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe.
    URN: urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:2-139380
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Finance in Africa for green, smart and inclusive private sector development (2021)
    Luxembourg : European Investment Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286150630
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (ohne Zählung)
    Keywords: Bank ; Bankgeschäft ; Electronic Banking ; Mikrofinanzierung ; Private Equity ; Risikokapital ; Coronavirus ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Subsahara-Afrika ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe : EIB Municipalities Survey 2020 (2021)
    Luxembourg : European Investment Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286149542
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Kommunale Investition ; EU-Staaten ; Graue Literatur
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021 : evidence from the EIB Investment Survey (2021)
    Luxembourg : European Investment Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286150418 , 9789286150425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Default statistics : private and sub-sovereign lending 2001-2019 (2021)
    Luxembourg : European Investment Bank
    Details
    ISBN: 9789286149900
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Multilateral Development Banks and Development Finance Institutions
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Career guidance for adults in a changing world of work (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264631632 , 9789264514775 , 9789264180512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Career guidance for adults in a changing world of work
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Career guidance is a fundamental policy lever to help adults successfully navigate a constantly evolving labour market through advice and information on job and training opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of career guidance services. Many adults have lost their jobs and require assistance navigating their career options in a changing labour market, where firms are likely to accelerate the adoption of digital technologies in the name of pandemic-proofing. But compared to career guidance services for youth, services for adults receive relatively little policy attention, and little is known of how often existing services are used. This report scopes out initiatives in the area of career guidance for adults in OECD countries, drawing lessons on how to strengthen adult career guidance systems in terms of coverage and inclusiveness, provision and service delivery, quality and impact, and governance and funding. The findings of the report build on the information collected through the 2020 Survey of Career Guidance for Adults (SCGA), an online survey of adults’ experience with career guidance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9a94bfad-en
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  • 18
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    Online Resource
    OECD investment policy reviews : Thailand (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264909571 , 9789264910423 , 9789264948273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 312 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD investment policy reviews
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Thailand ; Finance and Investment ; Thailand ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Thailand has had a remarkable economic development trajectory over the past 60 years and foreign direct investment (FDI) has been pivotal in this success. Thailand was one of the first movers in opening up to manufacturing FDI and in establishing proactive investment promotion and facilitation policies. While challenges remain in some areas of responsible business conduct, there is strong political will to address them. Thailand aspires to become a high income economy by 2037 by upgrading to a value based green economy. Inward FDI will play a prominent role in achieving this goal but this requires a concerted effort to reform the investment climate to remain an attractive host to foreign investment and to benefit to the full extent from that investment. While the COVID-19 crisis might temporarily delay progress, the policy recommendations in this review draw attention to potential reform priorities to help Thailand fulfil its development ambitions aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and to contribute to a more inclusive and sustainable recovery from the pandemic.
    DOI: 10.1787/c4eeee1c-en
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  • 19
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    Mining regions and cities : case of Västerbotten and Norrbotten, Sweden (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264938687 , 9789264901377 , 9789264957138
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 162 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD rural studies
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Bergbaupolitik ; Schweden (Nord) ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Sweden ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Sweden’s northern region, Upper Norrland, is one of the most important mining regions in Europe and has the potential to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining. With the largest land surface and the lowest population density in Sweden, Upper Norrland contains two sub regions, Västerbotten and Norrbotten. Both sub regions host the greatest mineral reserves in the country, containing 9 of the country’s 12 active mines and providing 90% of the iron ore in the European Union. Upper Norrland has the potential to become a global leader in environmentally sustainable mining due to its competitive advantages, including a stable green energy supply, high-quality broadband connection, a pool of large mining companies working closely with universities to reduce the emissions footprint across the mining value chain, and a highly skilled labour force. Yet, the region must overcome a number of bottlenecks to support a sustainable future, including a shrinking workforce, low interaction of local firms with the mining innovation process and an increasing opposition to mining due to socio environmental concerns and land use conflicts. This study identifies how Västerbotten and Norrbotten can build on their competitive advantages and address current and future challenges to support a resilient future through sustainable mining.
    DOI: 10.1787/802087e2-en
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  • 20
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    Positive, high-achieving students? : what schools and teachers can do (2021)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264367340 , 9789264655584 , 9789264410732
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (182 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: TALIS [15]
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Positive, high-achieving students?
    Keywords: Education ; Argentina ; Australia ; Colombia ; Czech Republic ; Denmark ; Georgia ; Malta ; Turkey ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The work of teachers matters in many different ways. Not only do they provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to thrive in the labour market, but they also help develop the social-emotional skills that are vital for students’ personal development and for their active citizenship. But how do teachers best achieve this? By linking 2018 data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) with evidence from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) – known as the TALIS-PISA link – this report aims to identify the teacher and school factors that matter most for student achievement and social-emotional development. The report uses a data-driven approach – based on machine learning and standard regression analyses – to identify the dimensions that are most strongly linked with student outcomes, and then combines this with a careful review of theory and previous research to analyse and interpret the findings. These findings provide a rich illustration of the many ways in which teachers and school leaders might influence the success of their students, acting as a tool for educators to reflect upon their own practice. Finally, the report offers several directions for education policy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Bandzählung kam vom Verlag, im Band selbst nicht zu entnehmen
    DOI: 10.1787/3b9551db-en
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  • 21
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    A review of public transport policies in remote communities in Chile (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 25 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 01]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/01
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Verkehr ; Periphere Region ; Chile ; Transport ; Chile ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report looks at the policies and programmes Chile has been putting in place over the past few decades to foster the development of public transport in remote communities. In particular, it has been taking a regional approach and encouraging private investment in transport.
    Note: Zählung der Reihe aus OECD iLibrary
    DOI: 10.1787/91a51eb4-en
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  • 22
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    Applying the island transport equivalent to the Greek islands (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 02]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/02
    Keywords: Logistikdienstleister ; Transportmanagement ; Insel ; Griechenland ; Transport ; Greece ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report looks at the need for Greece to redesign its inter-island transport system to make it more operational and sustainable. It takes into account the challenges of designing networks for island ecosystems and island clusters, which present even greater difficulties. Specifically, it examines applying the Island Transport Equivalent policy tool to increase island accessibility and growth potential.
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    DOI: 10.1787/d6f3db6b-en
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  • 23
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    Northern and Arctic air connectivity in Canada (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 03]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Luftverkehrspolitik ; Luftverkehr ; Kanada (Nord) ; Arktis ; Transport ; Canada ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines explicit northern and Arctic connectivity policies in Canada, recognising the vital importance of air services in economic and social life. It comments on existing legislation, regulations, policies and programmes of the federal government as well as of Canada’s three northern territories. It also looks at recommendations from past transport policy reviews.
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    DOI: 10.1787/76573c8d-en
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  • 24
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    Federalism and public health decentralisation in the time of COVID-19 (2021)
    Paris, France : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 44 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD working papers on fiscal federalism no. 33 (January 2021)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; fiscal federalism ; intergovernmental coordination ; public health services ; subnational governments ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Taxation ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Coronavirus pandemic has put extreme pressure on public health services, often delivered at the local and regional levels of government. The paper focuses on how countries made changes to the configuration of federalism during the first wave of the pandemic. These changes typically have involved the centralisation and decentralisation of certain health-related activities, as well as the creation of new coordination and funding mechanisms. Specific tools that have been used include an enhanced role of the executive branch (“executive federalism”), the use of centres of government for vertical coordination, as well as the introduction of unique state-of-emergency laws. New horizontal coordination arrangements have also emerged with the more decentralised approaches. The strengths, weaknesses and implementation risks of various approaches are analysed using country examples.
    DOI: 10.1787/b78ec8bb-en
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  • 25
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    Making better policies for food systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264752627 , 9789264967830 , 9789264693623
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 282 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Ernährungspolitik ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Food systems around the world face a triple challenge: providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population; supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain; and contributing to environmental sustainability. Better policies hold tremendous promise for making progress in these domains. This report focuses on three questions. What has been the performance of food systems to date, and what role did policies play? How can policy makers design coherent policies across the triple challenge? And how can policy makers deal with frictions related to facts, interests, and values, which often complicate the task of achieving better policies? Better policies will require breaking down silos between agriculture, health, and environmental policies, and overcoming knowledge gaps, resistance from interest groups, and differing values. Robust, inclusive, evidence-based processes are thus essential to making better policies for food systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/ddfba4de-en
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  • 26
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    Performance of the prosecution services in Latvia : a comparative study (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725799 , 9789264691575 , 9789264942745
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 233 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Justiz ; Gerichtsbarkeit ; Performance-Messung ; Lettland ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Latvia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Latvia has embarked on an ambitious agenda to tackle the challenges posed by complex types of criminality to public prosecution services, with particular emphasis on economic and financial crimes. This report carries out a benchmark analysis of Latvia’s prosecution practices along with those in ten OECD member countries, international good practices and the experience of globally renowned prosecution experts. It takes stock of the good practices implemented in the prosecution to date, and examines the importance of a broad range of policy aspects that can drive better performance. These include strategic management tools, the use of data and strengthening co-operation across the whole of the justice chain. Finally, it formulates policy recommendations to support Latvia in strengthening the performance of its prosecution services.
    DOI: 10.1787/c0113907-en
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  • 27
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    Macroeconomic modeling of managing hurricane damage in the Caribbean : the case of Jamaica (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 43 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9505
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Burns, Andrew Macroeconomic Modeling of Managing Hurricane Damage in the Caribbean: The Case of Jamaica
    Keywords: Hurricanes ; Economic Modeling ; Disaster Risk Management ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes a modeling methodology that embeds climate damages from natural disasters and risk management strategies into a macroeconomic model for Jamaica. The modeled damages take the form of capital destruction, and the risk management strategies considered are (i) adaptation investment in hurricane resilient infrastructure, (ii) commercial disaster insurance for the government, (iii) the formation of a contingency fund, and (iv) lower debt via higher future primary balances to create fiscal space for disaster recovery. Different risk management strategies are compared to a baseline of no risk management. The model behavior is estimated empirically on country-specific data. Hurricane damage and the model results are analyzed in deterministic and probabilistic settings, using the historical distribution of damages for Jamaica
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9505
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  • 28
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    Policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 shock : a firm-level perspective (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9506
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Cirera, Xavier Policies to Support Businesses through the COVID-19 Shock: A Firm-Level Perspective
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Firms ; Policies ; Uncertainty ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Relying on a novel dataset covering more than 120,000 firms in 60 countries, this paper con-tributes to the debate about D policies to support businesses through the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments around the world have implemented a wide range of policy support measures, evidence on the reach of these policies, the alignment of measures with firm needs, and their targeting and effectiveness remains scarce. This paper provides the most comprehensive assessment to date of these issues, focusing primarily on the developing economies. It shows that policy reach has been limited, especially for the more vulnerable firms and countries, and identifies mismatches between policies provided and policies most sought. It also provides some indicative evidence regarding mistargeting of policies and their effectiveness in addressing liquidity constraints and preventing layoffs. This assessment provides some early guidance to policymakers on tailoring their COVID-19 business support packages and points to new directions in data and research efforts needed to guide policy responses to the current pandemic and future crises
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9506
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  • 29
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    Trickle down tax morale : a cross country survey experiment (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Governance Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 15 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9507
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Mellon, Jonathan Trickle down Tax Morale: A Cross Country Survey Experiment
    Keywords: Tax Morale ; Cross-National Experiment ; Retributive Justice ; Tax Evasion ; Tax Avoidance ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Studies have encouraged pro-social behavior by experimentally manipulating people's views of what others like them tend to do (descriptive norms). These studies positively change behaviors, including charitable giving, littering, organ donation, and tax compliance. This paper argues that these results may be explained by a tendency to reciprocate positive actions and avoid being taken advantage of. The descriptive norm account predicts that positively describing the behavior of ordinary people will be most effective at increasing citizens' willingness to pay taxes, and messages describing the behavior of other groups should be less effective. However, reciprocity theory suggests that highlighting pro-social behavior by groups believed not to contribute their fair share, such as rich people, should be effective because it will reduce the subject's perception that they are being taken advantage of when they pay taxes. These theories are tested in an online experiment in Kenya, Australia, the United States, the Philippines, and South Africa. The findings show that the descriptive norms treatment is ineffective, while the rich people treatment significantly increases tax morale, supporting reciprocity theory. The findings suggest that tax agencies may increase tax compliance by visibly tackling tax avoidance among groups believed to avoid taxes, such as rich citizens
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9507
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  • 30
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    The early labor market impacts of COVID-19 in developing countries : evidence from high-frequency phone surveys (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice & Poverty and Equity Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 54 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9510
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Khamis, Melanie The Early Labor Market Impacts of COVID-19 in Developing Countries: Evidence from High-Frequency Phone Surveys
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; Employment ; High-frequency phone survey ; Developing countries ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has sharply reduced mobility and economic activity, disrupting the lives of people around the globe. This paper presents estimates on the early impact of the crisis on labor markets in 39 countries based on high-frequency phone survey data collected between April and July 2020. Workers in these countries experienced severe labor market disruptions following the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on simple averages across countries, 34 percent of the respondents reported stopping work, 20 percent of wage workers reported lack of payment for work performed, 9 percent reported job changes due to the pandemic, and 62 percent reported income loss in their household. Stopping work was more prevalent in the industrial and service sectors than in agriculture. Measures of work stoppage and income loss in the high-frequency phone survey are generally consistent with gross domestic product growth projections in Latin America and the Caribbean but not in Sub-Saharan Africa. This suggests that the survey data contribute new and important information on economic impacts in low-income countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9510
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  • 31
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    COVID-19, public procurement regimes, and trade policy (2021)
    [Washington, DC, USA] : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Global Indicators Group
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 9511
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Print Version: Hoekman, Bernard COVID-19, Public Procurement Regimes, and Trade Policy
    Keywords: COVID-19 ; export controls ; trade facilitation ; trade policy ; public procurement ; trade agreements ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper analyzes a prominent dimension of the initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic observed in many countries: the imposition of export restrictions and actions to facilitate imports. Weekly data on the use of trade policy instruments during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic (January-July 2020) are used to assess the relationship between the use of trade policy instruments and attributes of pre-crisis public procurement regulation. Controlling for country size, government effectiveness and economic factors, the analysis finds that use of export restrictions targeting medical products is strongly positively correlated with the total number of steps and time required to complete procurement processes in the pre-crisis period. Membership in trade agreements encompassing public procurement disciplines is associated with actions to facilitate trade in medical products. These findings suggest that future empirical assessments of the drivers of trade policy during the pandemic should consider public procurement systems
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9511
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  • 32
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    Inclusive growth review of Korea : creating opportunities for all (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264490031 , 9789264535565 , 9789264885837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 179 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Inklusives Wachstum ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In recent years Korea has stepped up efforts to reduce inequalities in recognition that a fairer economic model is also the most sustainable one. In order to support this new policy direction, the OECD has carried out novel analysis of inclusive growth building on its Framework for Policy Action, developed by the OECD to improve the prospects of the groups left behind. The Inclusive Growth Review of Korea applies, for the first time, the Framework at the national level. Using a dashboard of indicators, the Framework presents policy recommendations to sustain and more equitably share the gains of economic growth by investing in people left behind, supporting business dynamism and inclusive labour markets, and building efficient and responsive governments. In addition, the Inclusive Growth Review of Korea finds that digitalisation risks to compound the disparities of Korean labour markets, and calls for renewed efforts to reduce the lack of opportunities for up- and re-skilling of the working-age population (Chapter 2). To improve the business environment, Korea should address the unbalanced growth across sectors and firm size and unequal distribution of productivity gains across population groups (Chapter 3).
    DOI: 10.1787/4f713390-en
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    Digital opportunities for demand-side policies to improve consumer health and the sustainability of food systems (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 148
    Keywords: Obesity ; behavioral insights ; food waste labelling ; dietary intake surveys ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digital tools and technologies can assist governments to improve consumer health and the sustainability of food systems. These tools can be used to encourage consumers to buy healthy and nutritious foods and foods produced through sustainable farming practices, as well as to reduce asymmetries of food labelling schemes. They also contribute to more effective food data collection systems that can inform policy decisions, including by combining commercial sales information with national dietary intake survey data. Given the diverse approaches to adopting these digital tools, there is scope for cross-country learning. Current use of digital technologies by some governments ‒ from national dietary guideline websites to dedicated mobile apps ‒ can serve as references for other countries that seek to develop their own digital programmes. While these tools offer useful mechanisms for advancing policy objectives, they will need to be carefully designed to maximisetheir effectiveness and regularly evaluated to avoid excess cost and duplication.
    DOI: 10.1787/bec87135-en
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  • 34
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    Concentration and market power in the food chain (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 151
    Keywords: Competition ; buyer power ; profit margins ; unfair trading practices ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Concerns about market power and competition in the agri-food sector are widespread, with commentators regularly suggesting that farmers are in a structurally weaker position than other actors, who therefore benefit at their expense. The evidence reviewed in this paper indicates that downstream segments of agri-food chains are indeed typically more concentrated than farm-level production. Nevertheless, while competition problems were found in some instances, the current evidence does not support the claim that stronger actors in the chain systematically abuse their stronger position at the expense of farmers. An in-depth understanding of how value chains are organised is essential, as many widely used indicators provide little relevant information. In many areas, further research would be welcome, as current evidence does not cover all countries and sectors equally well.
    DOI: 10.1787/3151e4ca-en
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  • 35
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Saint Kitts and Nevis (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264337978
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; St. Kitts und Nevis ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Saint Kitts and Nevis ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Saint Kitts and Nevis.
    DOI: 10.1787/010c39fa-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; United Arab Emirates (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264995154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 77 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Vereinigte Arabische Emirate ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; United Arab Emirates ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by the United Arab Emirates.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea6c9295-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Qatar (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264508422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Katar ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Qatar ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Qatar.
    DOI: 10.1787/9dcb28be-en
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  • 38
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    Use of mobile telecommunication data in transport modelling : a French case study (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 04]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/04
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Transport planners see an opportunity in mobile phone data to better map trip destinations and monitor travel demand over time. However, such data require extensive processing to reveal trip details and transport modes. This paper defines quality indicators for reliable trip data collection and examines sensitivity to key parameters. It compares the trip matrices resulting from mobile network data with independent sources. This paper concludes on the strengths and weaknesses of such data in various transport planning tasks.
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    DOI: 10.1787/90483afc-en
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  • 39
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    Inferring modal split from mobile phones : principles, issues and policy recommendations (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 21 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 07]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/07
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper describes methods to identify trip details, including the mode of transport for each trip, from smartphone app data and from mobile network data. Use cases include travel demand surveys, travel behaviour gamification, mobility-as-a-service and automated ticketing. In the context of transport planning, the paper examines solutions to protect privacy and to enhance the representativeness of mobile phone data samples. It makes recommendations to overcome the many obstacles involved, in particular the scarcity of annotated training data.
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    DOI: 10.1787/c752ca76-en
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  • 40
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    Toolkit for water policies and governance : converging towards the OECD Council Recommendation on Water (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264876484 , 9789264371026 , 9789264417663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 135 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Toolkit for Water Policies and Governance compiles policies, governance arrangements and related tools that facilitate the design and implementation of water management practices in line with the OECD Council Recommendation on Water. It is designed to inspire and support countries which have either adhered to, are considering adhering to, or aim to converge towards the OECD standard. The Recommendation was unanimously adopted by the OECD Council in December 2016. The adoption marked the outcome of a two-year consultation process with delegates from ministries active in the fields of agriculture, development assistance, environment, public governance, regional development, and regulatory policy, as well as with relevant stakeholders (the business sector, trade unions, environmental organisations) and the OECD Water Governance Initiative. The Recommendation puts forward an international standard with high-level policy guidance on a range of topics relevant for the management of water resources and delivery of water services. The areas covered include managing water quantity, water risks and disasters, improving water quality, ensuring good water governance as well as sustainable finance, investment and pricing for water services. The practices reported in the toolkit have been compiled by the OECD Secretariat, in close consultation with delegates from adhering countries. Regular updates will be made available.
    DOI: 10.1787/ed1a7936-en
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    Conflict networks in North and West Africa (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264455900
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 164 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: West African studies
    Keywords: Konflikt ; Gewalt ; Netzwerk ; Militärische Intervention ; Politische Instabilität ; Öffentliche Sicherheit ; Nordafrika ; Westafrika ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Conflicts in North and West Africa have become more violent and widespread than in the past. They have also become more difficult to resolve due to the complex relationships between a growing number of belligerents with diverging agendas. Building on a dataset of more than 36 000 violent events over a 23‑year period and three case studies (Lake Chad, Central Sahel and Libya), this report maps conflict networks and the evolution of rivalries and alliances in 21 North and West African countries. It applies an innovative approach, Dynamic Social Network Analysis, to explain the types and evolution of relationships across actors in conflict. Finally, the report analyses the impact of military interventions on the re‑composition of violent groups and the shifting nature of insecurity. This new analysis, based on temporal and spatial approaches contributes to the creation of strategies that will ensure long‑term political stability and serves as a reminder that there is a need for co‑ordinated regional approaches and place‑based policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/896e3eca-en
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  • 42
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    New perspectives on well-being and global inequality since 1820 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264403154 , 9789264545175 , 9789264315570
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 267 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: How was life? volume II
    Series Statement: How was life?
    Keywords: 1820-2010 ; Lebensqualität ; Wirtschaftslage ; Soziale Lage ; Einkommensverteilung ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; Geschichte ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: How was life in 1820, and how has it changed since then? This question, which was at the core of How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820, published by the OECD in 2014, is addressed by this second volume based on a broader perspective. How Was Life? New Perspectives on Well-being and Global Inequality since 1820, presents new estimates of working hours, biodiversity loss, social spending and GDP (accounting for the 2011 round on purchasing power parities) as well as measures of inequalities in wealth, longevity and educational attainment, gender disparities and extreme poverty. A final chapter synthesises the historical evidence included both in the current and previous volume of How Was Life? through composite measures of the average well-being performance of each country, and of different within-country inequality measures. As was the case for the previous volume, this book combines both a historical and a global perspective, presenting estimates since 1820 for 25 major countries and 8 world regions. While this evidence sometimes relies on partial and limited evidence, each chapter in this book assesses the quality of the data used and identifies areas for further historical research. This second volume of How Was Life? is the product of collaboration between the OECD and the OECD Development Centre, on one side, and a group of economic historians gathered around the CLIO-INFRA and Maddison projects, on the other. The historical evidence included in the report is organised around dimensions of well-being that mirror those used by the OECD in its report How’s Life?
    DOI: 10.1787/3d96efc5-en
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    Azerbaijan 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264317611
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Aserbaidschan ; Energy ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Oil and gas continue to dominate Azerbaijan’s economy and provide most of its export and government revenue. While these resources have sharply raised the country’s living standards since the late 1990s and remain plentiful, the long-term outlook for this economic model is uncertain. Oil production is declining and major oil and gas importing countries have pledged to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by mid-century, implying little demand three decades from now for oil or gas without carbon capture and storage. This report assesses the energy sector and related economic challenges facing Azerbaijan. It proposes several ways to respond by increasing the efficiency and diversity of domestic energy supply and use. The overriding recommendation is a gradual transition to competitive markets with significant private sector participation and energy prices that reflect the cost of production. The withdrawal of subsidies should be accompanied by support measures for those most in need. Such a transition would attract new market entrants and new investments, helping to develop Azerbaijan’s significant solar and wind potential, and limiting greenhouse gas emissions. These recommendations are in line with efforts already underway in Azerbaijan. Prompted by the oil price shock in 2014-15, the government has recently drafted proposals for electricity and gas market reforms, as well as laws on energy efficiency and renewable energy. The country’s first specific energy strategy is also nearing completion. The report encourages Azerbaijan to move swiftly to adopt all these proposals and implement them effectively to ensure secure and sustainable energy in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/90fa056d-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, South Africa (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264811447
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Südafrika ; Taxation ; South Africa ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by South Africa.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdae3e57-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Latvia (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264945289
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (87 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Lettland ; Taxation ; Latvia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Latvia, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/5fb7733b-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Hungary (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264748842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (97 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Ungarn ; Taxation ; Hungary ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Hungary.
    DOI: 10.1787/a128f476-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Israel (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264475076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Israel ; Taxation ; Israel ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Israel.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6d1fd4e-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Chile (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264348653
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Chile ; Taxation ; Chile ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Chile.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c650976-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Greece (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264911512
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (103 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Griechenland ; Taxation ; Greece ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Greece.
    DOI: 10.1787/3bb76f22-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Turkey (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264400108
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (93 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Türkei ; Taxation ; Turkey ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Turkey.
    DOI: 10.1787/6dd47527-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Mexico (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264598973
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Mexiko ; Taxation ; Mexico ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard of Mexico.
    DOI: 10.1787/26bc3948-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Colombia (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264820050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Kolumbien ; Taxation ; Colombia ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The minimum standard is complemented by a set of best practices. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Colombia, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/01c36574-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, India (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264999343
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Indien ; Taxation ; India ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by India.
    DOI: 10.1787/cc6e7579-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Argentina (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264350847
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (85 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Argentinien ; Taxation ; Argentina ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Argentina.
    DOI: 10.1787/ad982afd-en
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    The digital transformation of SMEs (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264367609 , 9789264906433 , 9789264697300
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 275 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on SMEs and entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Digitalisierung ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Despite potentially tremendous benefits, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lag in the digital transformation. Emerging technologies, as diverse as they are, offer a range of applications for them to improve performance and overcome the size-related limitations they face in doing business. However, SMEs must be better prepared, and stakes are high. SMEs make the most of the industrial fabric in many countries and regions, they create jobs (most jobs sometimes) and are the cement of inclusive and sustainable societies. The SME digital gap has increased inequalities among people, places and firms, and there are concerns that the benefits of the digital transformation could accrue to early adopters, further broadening these inequalities. Enabling SME digitalisation has become a top policy priority in OECD countries and beyond. The report looks at recent trends in SME digital uptake, including in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. It focuses on issues related to digital security, online platforms, blockchain ecosystems, and artificial intelligence. The report identifies opportunities, risks of not going digital, and barriers to adoption. It looks to concrete policy action taken worldwide to speed the SME transformation and raises a series of considerations to advance the SME digital policy agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/bdb9256a-en
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    Improving the quality of non-formal adult learning : learning from European best practices on quality assurance (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264487208 , 9789264995642 , 9789264356665
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving the quality of non-formal adult learning
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Erfolgsfaktor ; Europa ; Education ; Employment ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has reiterated the importance of adult learning and career guidance services as many adults have lost their jobs and now require upskilling and reskilling opportunities in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving world of work. Yet, in order to achieve its positive gains, adult training needs to be of high quality and ensure successful learning experiences for all participants. This report therefore aims at supporting public authorities to enhance quality in the field of non-formal adult learning. It provides an overview of quality assurance systems across Europe, highlighting their implementation features, governance structures and success factors. Based on this analysis, the report develops a Quality Assurance in Adult Learning Decision Tree to support the decision-making process of governments that are planning reforms of their quality assurance systems.
    DOI: 10.1787/f1b450e1-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Aruba (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264639294
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Aruba ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Aruba ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Aruba.
    DOI: 10.1787/6b75f20f-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Greenland (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264942899
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 56 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Grönland ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Greenland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Greenland.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1f5577f-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Barbados (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264465879
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Barbados ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Barbados ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Barbados.
    DOI: 10.1787/edf96ece-en
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    Decentralisation and regionalisation in Bulgaria : towards balanced regional development (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264675025 , 9789264830783 , 9789264667877
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 214 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD multi-level governance studies
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Bulgarien ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Bulgaria ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Bulgaria has made solid progress in its territorial governance and socio-economic development. Yet, it has not been able to counteract large and increasing territorial disparities. Doing so will require addressing remaining structural challenges that may be limiting further transformation, government performance and regional resilience. It will also depend on shifting from a centrally-designed approach to regional development policy to one that incorporates subnational input and carefully considers regional specificities. Such a shift, coupled with a revitalised multi-level governance model to strengthen regional and municipal governance, could generate more balanced regional development and inclusive growth in Bulgaria. This multi-level governance study considers the avenues Bulgarian national and subnational authorities could take to ensure more place-based regional development and governance. It emphasises a comprehensive, yet incremental, approach to decentralisation and regionalisation reforms to generate more effective and balanced regional development.
    DOI: 10.1787/b5ab8109-en
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    Piecing together the puzzle : Mobility as a Service from the user and service design perspectives (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 08]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/08
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Many regions are seeking to improve mobility choices for citizens, both in congested city settings and poorly connected peripheral communities. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is increasingly presented as a possible solution, yet beyond pilot level there are no examples to date of what a successful implementation of MaaS might look like. This paper reviews pilot studies and ongoing research into the user perspective on MaaS and the lessons learned thus far.
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    DOI: 10.1787/1c7b4c5b-en
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    Towards a skills strategy for Southeast Asia : skills for post-COVID recovery and growth (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264946583
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 87 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Humankapital ; Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Südostasien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Australia ; Brunei Darussalam ; Cambodia ; Germany ; Indonesia ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; Lao People's Democratic Republic ; Malaysia ; Myanmar ; Philippines ; Singapore ; Thailand ; United States ; Viet Nam ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in a rapidly changing world. Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic will require countries to co-ordinate interventions to help recent graduates find jobs, reactivate the skills of displaced workers and use skills effectively in workplaces. Megatrends such as globalisation, climate change, technological progress and demographic change will continue to reshape work and society. Countries should take action now to develop and use more effectively the skills required for the world of the future and at the same time make their skills systems more resilient and adaptable in the context of change and uncertainty. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a strategic approach to assess their skills challenges and opportunities. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework allowing countries to explore how they can improve i) developing relevant skills, ii) using skills effectively, and iii) strengthening the governance of the skills system. This report applies the OECD Skills Strategy framework to Southeast Asia, providing an overview of the region’s skills challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19 and megatrends, and identifying good practices for improving skills outcomes. This report lays the foundation for a more fully elaborated Skills Strategy for Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1787/6db0907f-en
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    India energy outlook 2021 (2021)
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264976917
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 251 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: World energy outlook special report
    Keywords: Energieprognose ; Energieversorgung ; Energiewirtschaft ; Indien ; Energy ; India ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The India Energy Outlook 2021 is a new special report from the International Energy Agency’s World Energy Outlook series. The report explores the opportunities and challenges ahead for India as it seeks to ensure reliable, affordable and sustainable energy to a growing population. The report examines pathways out of the crisis that emerged from the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as longer-term trends, exploring how India’s energy sector might evolve to 2040 under a range of scenarios. The report is presented as a series of ‘deep dives’ exploring cross-cutting issues, including: The effects of economic growth, urbanisation and industrialisation on India’s fuel and sector-level demand trends. The evolution of mobility, including electrification, in the context of growing urbanisation. The prospects for expanding energy access, especially in rural areas. Flexibility requirements in the power sector under ambitious renewable capacity targets and a significant rise in electricity demand – especially from air conditioners. Challenges and opportunities for clean energy finance, including investments in solar energy and batteries The supply and infrastructure required for an expanded role for natural gas, along with a sector-level assessment of its potential. Impacts of India’s energy policy choices on energy access, air pollution and carbon emissions. India’s growing importance in global energy issues, and the implications of its development trajectory on international energy supply, trade and investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/ec2fd78d-en
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    Strengthening climate resilience : guidance for governments and development co-operation (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264415133 , 9789264667068 , 9789264388758
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 190 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Klimawandel ; Internationale Umweltpolitik ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Environment ; Development ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This guidance provides a tool governments and development co-operation can draw on in their efforts to strengthen the resilience of human and natural systems to the impacts of climate change. It highlights three aspirations to consider when planning and implementing action to build climate resilience (country ownership; inclusiveness; and environmental and social sustainability). The guidance also outlines four mechanisms (governance; sector-level approaches; finance; and monitoring, evaluation and learning) and three enablers (data and information; capacity; and technologies) in support of climate resilience, proposing concrete actions in the form of checklists.
    DOI: 10.1787/4b08b7be-en
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    Counterfeiting, piracy and the Swiss economy (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264573871 , 9789264595279 , 9789264763906
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 100 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Illicit trade
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Schweiz ; Governance ; Trade ; Switzerland ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Swiss economy is innovative and knowledge-intensive. Consequently, it relies heavily on intellectual property rights. Swiss industries are also export-oriented and solidly integrated in the global economy. At the same time, the threats of counterfeiting and piracy are growing, and Swiss industries are vulnerable. This report measures the direct economic effects of counterfeiting on Swiss industry and the Swiss government. It estimates the impact of the global trade in fake products that pose as “Swiss made” in terms of lost jobs, forgone profits and lower tax revenues.
    DOI: 10.1787/1f010fc9-en
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    Young people with migrant parents (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264941564 , 9789264413566 , 9789264764309
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Making integration work
    Keywords: Migranten ; Jugendliche ; Kinder ; Eltern ; Einwanderung ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The OECD series Making Integration Work summarises, in a non-technical way, the main issues surrounding the integration of immigrants and their children into their host countries. Each volume presents concrete policy lessons for its theme, along with supporting examples of good practices and comparisons of the migrant integration policy frameworks in different OECD countries. This fourth volume explores the integration of young people with migrant parents, a diverse and growing cohort of youth in the OECD area.
    DOI: 10.1787/6e773bfe-en
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    OECD Skills Strategy Tlaxcala (Mexico) : Assessment and Recommendations (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264534339
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD Skills Strategy Tlaxcala (Mexico)
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Tlaxcala (Staat) ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Fostering greater participation in adult learning in Tlaxcala, Mexico -- Strengthening the skills of youth in Tlaxcala, Mexico -- Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Tlaxcala, Mexico -- Key insights and recommendations for Tlaxcala, Mexico -- Engagement -- Foreword -- Using people's skills more effectively to raise productivity in Tlaxcala, Mexico -- Acronyms and abbreviations -- Executive summary.
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future, and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances and demographic change, compounded by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, are reshaping work and society, as well as the types of skills most in demand in the labour market. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries' skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses tailored to each country's specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Tlaxcala (Mexico): Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to strengthen the skills of youth, foster greater participation in adult learning, use people's skills more effectively to raise productivity, and strengthen the governance of the skills system in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/13925818-en
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    OECD skills strategy Kazakhstan : assessment and recommendations (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264584105
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (181 Seiten)
    Edition: Electronic reproduction; Available in PDF format
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD skills strategy Kazakhstan
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Kasachstan ; Education ; Employment ; Kazakhstan ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Improving the activation of skills of vulnerable populations in Kazakhstan -- Fostering participation in adult learning of all forms in Kazakhstan -- Key insights and recommendations for Kazakhstan -- Strengthening the governance of the skills system in Kazakhstan -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Building an effective skills information system in Kazakhstan -- Executive summary -- Engagement -- Foreword.
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels of skills and new sets of skills.OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system.This report, OECD Skills Strategy Kazakhstan: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to improve the activation of skills of vulnerable populations, foster greater participation in adult learning of all forms, build an effective skills information system, and strengthen the governance of skills policies in Kazakhstan
    Note: Electronic reproduction; Available in PDF format
    DOI: 10.1787/39629b47-en
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    OECD skills strategy Lithuania : assassment and recommendations (2021)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264420670
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (259 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Lithuania
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Litauen ; Education ; Employment ; Lithuania ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future and central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advances, and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels and new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities and help them build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy Framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to: 1) develop relevant skills over the life course; 2) use skills effectively in work and in society; and 3) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report, OECD Skills Strategy Lithuania: Assessment and Recommendations, identifies opportunities and makes recommendations for Lithuania to better equip young people with skills for work and life, raise adults’ and enterprises’ participation in learning, use people’s skills more effectively in workplaces, and strengthen the governance of skills policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/14deb088-en
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    OECD skills strategy implementation guidance for Korea : strengthening the governance of adult learning (2021)
    Paris : OECD publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264481640
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy implementation guidance for Korea
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Südkorea ; Education ; Employment ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: A well-coordinated adult learning system is essential to support the achievement of Korea’s long-term goals. The transformational effects of demographic change, digitalisation, globalisation, and most recently COVID-19 on life at work and outside of it amplify the importance of getting adults’ skills right. OECD research shows that individuals, employers and society benefit from adults having higher levels of skills. Korea is a global leader in student performance and tertiary attainment. Yet today, many adults in Korea have skill levels below the OECD average. A significant share of adults face barriers to participate in adult learning. Against the backdrop of a growing awareness about the importance of skills, Korea’s government and stakeholders have a unique opportunity to improve how they share responsibility and work together in the adult learning system. This report outlines how Korea can increase participation in adult learning by strengthening horizontal co-ordination across ministries, vertical co-ordination across levels of government, engagement of stakeholders and financing arrangements. The report provides examples of national and international good practices as well as a series of concrete recommendations to help Korea improve the governance of adult learning and in turn enhance economic growth and social cohesion.
    DOI: 10.1787/f19a4560-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Portugal (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264915817
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (98 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Portugal ; Taxation ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard of Portugal.
    DOI: 10.1787/b7f3e217-en
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Romania (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264758049
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (99 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Rumänien ; Taxation ; Romania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Romania.
    DOI: 10.1787/800bcae2-en
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    Czech Republic 2021 Energy Policy Review (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264400498
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: 2021 ; Energiepolitik ; Tschechien ; Energy ; Czech Republic ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Fossil fuels, notably coal, still dominate the energy and electricity generation mix of the Czech Republic, but new climate targets at the European level will make coal less and less competitive. Therefore, the question is no longer if, but when, coal will exit the country’s energy mix. To boost investor confidence and ensure adequate electricity generation up to 2030 and beyond, the government will need to establish a firm pathway for phasing out coal. The phase-out of coal use and mining also poses important economic and social challenges, which the government is currently addressing by providing support for the economic restructuring and fair transformation of mining areas. Although the Czech Republic has decoupled economic growth from energy consumption since 2009, the country’s energy intensity remains above the IEA average. This highlights the need to make energy efficiency the “first principle” of energy policy making. This report includes a series of recommendations to support the Czech Republic’s efforts to tackle these challenges and to meet its energy and climate goals.
    DOI: 10.1787/fd01b443-en
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    Green budget tagging : introductory guidance & principles (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264722309 , 9789264547780 , 9789264746046
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 67 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Haushaltsplanung ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Umweltpolitik ; Umweltstandard ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Green budget tagging can be a useful tool in an overall approach to green budgeting. This introductory guidance was developed by the OECD under the Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting in collaboration with institutional partners working under Helsinki Principle 4 of the Coalition of Finance Ministers for Climate Action (IADB, IMF, UNDP, World Bank) and draws lessons from existing country practices. It was informed by a series of round-table events with countries implementing green budget tagging. The document aims to provide high-level guidance in relation to designing, implementing and improving green budget tagging.
    DOI: 10.1787/fe7bfcc4-en
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    Korea electricity security review (2021)
    [Paris] : International Energy Agency
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264411302
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 116 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA publications
    Keywords: Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Branchenentwicklung ; Südkorea ; Energy ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report, commissioned by the Korean Ministry of Trade Industry and Energy and written jointly by the International Energy Agency and the Korea Energy Economics Institute, examines current conditions and future opportunities to ensure electricity security and system flexibility with higher shares of variable renewable energy in Korea. The report examines the objectives from the 9th Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity (BPLE) in terms of energy demand and variable renewable energy deployment, and provides options to maintain the country’s current high level of electricity security, while integrating increasing shares of solar PV and wind. Taking into consideration the existing institutional and market structure, the analysis first looks into how flexibility needs may evolve in Korea’s power system and suggests technical options to satisfy these requirements making use of flexible generation, storage, demand-side flexibility and grids. The report then looks at key aspects of operational security and long-term planning, both recognising current progress in terms of grid and market code updates as well as suggesting improvements to the long-term planning process, through for example integrated resource planning. The report suggests market design improvements that can be implemented within the current framework, considering price formation mechanisms and integration with the existing emissions trading scheme. Finally, the report examines key aspects of climate and cyber resilience, suggesting improvements that can be integrated into long-term planning to ensure resilience across the whole value chain.
    DOI: 10.1787/c26a51c6-en
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    Misuse of containerized maritime shipping in the global trade of counterfeits (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264647381 , 9789264438088 , 9789264498280
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 81 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Illicit trade
    Keywords: Containerverkehr ; Container ; Illegaler Handel ; Frachtschifffahrt ; Schifffahrt ; Governance ; Transport ; Trade ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides empirical evidence about the misuse of container ships in international trade in counterfeits. It also suggests the main routes of trade with containers polluted with illicit trade. Finally, the report also outlines the economic landscape for containerized maritime transport and investigates policy gaps that enable its misuse by criminals in illicit trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/e39d8939-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Trinidad and Tobago (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264866010
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Trinidad und Tobago ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Trinidad and Tobago ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Trinidad and Tobago.
    DOI: 10.1787/def5f134-en
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    Creating responsive adult learning opportunities in Japan (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264461642 , 9789264751477 , 9789264742123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 146 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Creating responsive adult learning opportunities in Japan
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Japan ; Education ; Employment ; Japan ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has reiterated the importance of adult learning and career guidance services as many adults have lost their jobs and now require upskilling and reskilling opportunities in order to keep pace with the rapidly evolving world of work. To foster the development of responsive and more widespread adult learning opportunities in Japan, this report analyses several policy options to expand access to training, remove the barriers to training participation, and ensure that the training provided is aligned with Japan’s labour market needs. It also discusses the importance for Japanese workers of receiving guidance and support from their employer to facilitate career progression and the need for externally provided guidance services for workers who want to change jobs. Based on this analysis, this report provides actionable policy recommendations as well as good practice examples from OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/cfe1ccd2-en
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Thailand (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264610767
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Thailand ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Thailand.
    DOI: 10.1787/b20477e3-en
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  • 80
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Gibraltar (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264357730
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 50 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Doppelbesteuerung ; Konfliktregelung ; Befragung ; Gibraltar ; Taxation ; Gibraltar ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Gibraltar.
    DOI: 10.1787/a615e55d-en
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  • 81
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    Policies for the future of farming and food in Norway (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264517752 , 9789264726819 , 9789264706958
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 239 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD agriculture and food policy reviews
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Ernährungssicherung ; Norwegen ; Agriculture and Food ; Norway ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels. Support to producers relative to gross farm receipts is the highest among OECD countries, with 59% of farmers’ revenues coming from government support. Only 3% of total support to agriculture is dedicated to research and innovation. Moreover, while Norway has strong public research institutions and well-designed tax deductions, the private sector lacks the right policy incentives to innovate. This review proposes a new policy approach, centred around innovations that would enable Norway to achieve its objectives and improve the productivity, sustainability and resilience of its agro-food sector. Specific recommendations include increasing the responsiveness of the sector to markets, giving farmers greater flexibility in making production decisions, placing greater emphasis on agri-environmental outcomes, and increasing the role of the private sector in research and innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/20b14991-en
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  • 82
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    Perspectives on decentralisation and rural-urban linkages in Korea (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264382343 , 9789264502109 , 9789264619395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 151 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD rural studies
    Keywords: Dezentralisierung ; Stadt-Land-Beziehungen ; Südkorea ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The economic development of Korea is widely considered as a success story. Yet, as the country joins the ranks of the world’s most advanced economies, its rapid pace of development has not fully reached every part of its territory. The pace of urbanisation, particularly around Seoul, has placed mounting pressure on the capital’s quality of life, while in rural regions the country’s success has felt distant. To address these regional disparities, successive governments have pursued a policy of balanced national development, with major initiatives aimed at spreading economic opportunities throughout the country while at the same time transferring authority and resources to regional and local governments, to increasingly empower them to navigate their own path forward. This study takes stock of these efforts in the context of rural development and finds evidence of progress in several areas, yet opportunities remain in others. The study includes advice and recommendations on multi-level governance, rural-urban linkages and other issues drawn from the experience of OECD countries on how Korea’s efforts in pursuit of inclusive growth may be further strengthened to improve the well-being of the country's rural regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/a3c685a7-en
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  • 83
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    Towards improved retirement savings outcomes for women (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264433076 , 9789264374560 , 9789264873148
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 157 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Keywords: Rentenfinanzierung ; Geschlechterdiskriminierung ; Rentenpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Graue Literatur ; Fallstudie
    Abstract: Labour market inequalities are well-known to be the main drivers of the gender pension gap. This publication focuses on helping governments find solutions for retirement savings arrangements that do not further exacerbate these inequalities. This study first analyses why the gender pension gap exists and sheds light on some of the behavioural and cultural factors that contribute to these inequalities. Country case studies assess how demographics, labour markets and other factors may affect gaps in pension coverage, assets and entitlements. The study then explores how the design of retirement savings plans affects men and women differently. Finally, it provides policy options to improve retirement savings outcomes for women and to help close the gender pension gap.
    DOI: 10.1787/f7b48808-en
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  • 84
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    Turkey 2021 energy policy review (2021)
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264772663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 191 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Türkei ; Energy ; Turkey ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. The guiding principles of Turkish energy policy continue to be market reform and energy security. Rapid economic and population growth in the past two decades have not only driven strong growth in energy demand but also an associated increase in import dependency. Turkey has prioritised security of energy supply as one of the central pillars of its energy strategy, including efforts to boost domestic oil and gas exploration and production, diversify oil and gas supply sources and associated infrastructure, and reduce energy consumption through increased energy efficiency. Turkey has seen considerable diversification of its energy mix in the past decade, in particular through the growth of renewable electricity generation. The commissioning of Turkey’s first nuclear power facility in 2023 will further diversify the country’s fuel mix. Notwithstanding many positive changes Turkey has made toward liberalising its energy markets and diversifying its energy sources, the government should ensure that policies in place to bolster energy security – including growth in coal-fired generation and support for various forms of electricity generation – do not impede the economic efficiency of markets and the country’s longer-term decarbonisation efforts. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Turkey smoothly manage the evolution of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/0633467f-en
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  • 85
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    Japan 2021 energy policy review (2021)
    [Paris, France] : IEA
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264368682
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 231 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: IEA Energy Policy Reviews
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Energiewirtschaft ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Japan ; Energy ; Japan ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. Nearly a decade after the 2011 earthquake and the subsequent Fukushima nuclear accident resulted in significant disruption to its energy supply, Japan has made visible progress towards realising its vision of an efficient, resilient and sustainable energy system. It has diversified its energy mix and embarked on a major reform of its electricity and natural gas markets. The gradual expansion of renewable energy sources, restart of some nuclear power plants and improvements in energy efficiency have reduced the need for imported fossil fuels and lowered greenhouse gas emissions below their 2009 level. Nevertheless, the carbon intensity of Japan’s energy supply remains one of the highest among IEA members. It will need to move quickly to make headway on the steep emissions reductions that are needed to achieve its recently announced ambition of reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. In this report, the IEA provides energy policy recommendations to help Japan smoothly manage the transformation of its energy sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/72bb987a-en
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  • 86
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    Water governance in Cape Town, South Africa (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264330276 , 9789264327825 , 9789264439856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 140 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on water
    Keywords: Wasserpolitik ; Wasserversorgung ; Wasserwirtschaft ; Kapstadt ; Südafrika ; Environment ; South Africa ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2018, the city of Cape Town, South Africa, was close to the “Day Zero”, requiring all taps to be shut off and citizens to fetch a daily 25 litre per person. Though the day-zero was avoided, it is estimated that, at the current rate, South Africa will experience a 17% water deficit by 2030 if no action is taken to respond to existing trends. Lessons learned during that drought crisis have been valuable for the city to manage the short-term COVID-19 implications and design long-term solutions towards greater water resilience. As a result of a multi-stakeholder policy dialogue involving 100+ stakeholders from the city of Cape Town and South Africa, this report assesses key water risks and governance challenges in Cape Town, and provides policy recommendations towards more effective, efficient and inclusive water management building on the OECD Principles on Water Governance. In particular, the report calls for strengthening integrated basin governance, transparency, integrity, stakeholder engagement, capacities at all levels of government, financial sustainability and for advancing the water allocation reform to better manage trade-offs across multiple users.
    DOI: 10.1787/a804bd7b-en
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  • 87
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    Sustainable infrastructure for low-carbon development in the EU Eastern Partnership : hotspot analysis and needs assessment (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264667389 , 9789264916081 , 9789264770997
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 194 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Green finance and investment
    Keywords: Infrastrukturinvestition ; Verkehrsinfrastruktur ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; EU-Nachbarstaaten ; Armenien ; Aserbaidschan ; Belarus ; Georgien ; Moldawien ; Ukraine ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Armenia ; Azerbaijan ; Belarus ; Georgia ; Moldova, Republic of ; Ukraine ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report analyses planned infrastructure projects, decision-making frameworks related to infrastructure development and strategic planning documents in the six countries of the EU Eastern Partnership: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. It compares current investment flows with countries' national development objectives to identify misalignments and provides policy-makers with recommendations to improve the integration of climate change and other environmental concerns into infrastructure development decision-making processes. The report presents a comprehensive overview of infrastructure investment, primarily in the transport and energy sectors, throughout the region and identifies the risks and opportunities emerging from current investment patterns.
    DOI: 10.1787/c1b2b68d-en
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  • 88
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    Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264545458 , 9789264390027 , 9789264367715
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 192 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Teachers and leaders in vocational education and training
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Lehrkräfte ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) plays a central role in preparing young people for work, developing the skills of adults and responding to the labour-market needs of the economy. Teachers and leaders in VET can have an immediate and positive influence on learners’ skills, employability and career development. However, when compared to general academic programmes, there is limited evidence on the characteristics of teachers and institutional leaders in VET and the policies and practices of attracting and preparing them. VET teachers require a mix of pedagogical skills and occupational knowledge and experience, and need to keep these up to date to reflect changing skill needs in the labour market and evolving teaching and learning environments. This report fills the knowledge gap on teachers and leaders in VET, and produces new insights into what strategies and policies can help develop and maintain a well-prepared workforce. It zooms in on VET teacher shortages; strategies for attracting and retaining teachers; initial training and professional development opportunities for teachers; the use of innovative technologies and pedagogical strategies; and the important role of institutional leaders and strategies for better preparing and supporting them.
    DOI: 10.1787/59d4fbb1-en
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  • 89
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Lithuania (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264753440
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Litauen ; Taxation ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/692bef12-en
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  • 90
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Japan (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264970731
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Japan ; Taxation ; Japan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Japan, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/e3d454fd-en
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  • 91
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    Making Dispute Resolution More Effective – MAP Peer Review Report, Malta (Stage 2) : Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Action 14 (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264403703
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Malta ; Taxation ; Malta ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 2 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard of Malta, which is accompanied by a document addressing the implementation of best practices.
    DOI: 10.1787/025e9f0c-en
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  • 92
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    Socio-economic and demographic aspects of food security and nutrition (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 150
    Keywords: Ernährungssicherung ; Ernährungsverhalten ; Soziale Schicht ; Körpergewicht ; Indigene Völker ; Coronavirus ; Obesity ; COVID-19 ; Indigenous Peoples ; food banks ; food marketing ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In OECD countries, socio-economically disadvantaged groups tend to consume less nutritious food, leading to suboptimal health outcomes, including obesity. Contributing factors include low levels of income and education; time-poor single parent households; and the prevalence and accessibility of fast food restaurants. More broadly, food insecurity also remains a problem in OECD countries, with Indigenous Peoples being particularly vulnerable. Foodbanks run by non-governmental organisations provide emergency food assistance, sometimes using food recovered as part of food waste policies; however, the sustainability of this approach is contested. Understanding the role that socio-economic and demographic factors play in determining household food purchases and consumption is limited by inadequate and irregular food data collection, including on the prevalence of food insecurity. Lack of data is also hampering evaluation of the effectiveness of policies in addressing the needs of particular socio-economic and demographic groups.
    DOI: 10.1787/49d7059f-en
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  • 93
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    Policy strategies and challenges for climate change mitigation in the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 45 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD food, agriculture and fisheries papers no. 149
    Keywords: GHG emission tax ; abatement subsidy ; Paris Agreement ; Agriculture and Food ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study uses GLOBIOM ‒ the most detailed global economic model of agriculture, land use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ‒ to assess the effectiveness of different policies in cutting net emissions from the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector, with a view to helping limit long-term global temperature increases to 1.5°C and 2°C. Trade-offs between emission reductions and impacts on food producers, consumers and government budgets are also evaluated for each policy package. A full complement of policy options is deployed globally across AFOLU, comprising emission taxes for emitting AFOLU activities and subsidies rewarding carbon sequestration. Using a carbon price consistent with the 2°C target (1.5°C target), this is projected to mitigate 8 GtCO2 eq/yr (12 GtCO2 eq/yr) in 2050, representing 89% (129%) reduction in net AFOLU emissions, and 12% (21%) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nearly two-thirds of the net emission reductions are from the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) component of AFOLU, mostly from reduced deforestation. A global carbon tax on AFOLU is found to be twice as effective in lowering emissions as an equivalently priced emission abatement subsidy because the latter keeps high emitting producers in business. However, a tax has trade-offs in terms of lower agricultural production and food consumption, which a subsidy avoids. A shift to lower emission diets by consumers has a much smaller impact on reducing agricultural emissions than any of the policy packages involving taxes on emissions.
    DOI: 10.1787/47b3493b-en
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  • 94
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Kazakhstan (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264854130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 80 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Kasachstan ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Kazakhstan ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Kazakhstan.
    DOI: 10.1787/5bb425a9-en
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  • 95
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Bahrain (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264979987
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Bahrain ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Bahrain ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Bahrain.
    DOI: 10.1787/b178f2ef-en
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  • 96
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Oman (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264868090
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 68 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Internationales Steuerrecht ; Steuervermeidung ; Gewinnverlagerung ; Besteuerungsverfahren ; Oman ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Taxation ; Oman ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Oman.
    DOI: 10.1787/19b019f8-en
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  • 97
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    Making dispute resolution more effective - MAP peer review report; Viet Nam (stage 1) (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Associated volumes
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264452015
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 74 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD/G20 base erosion and profit shifting project
    Keywords: 2019 ; Doppelbesteuerung ; Konfliktregelung ; Befragung ; Vietnam ; Taxation ; Viet Nam ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Under Action 14, countries have committed to implement a minimum standard to strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the mutual agreement procedure (MAP). The MAP is included in Article 25 of the OECD Model Tax Convention and commits countries to endeavour to resolve disputes related to the interpretation and application of tax treaties. The Action 14 Minimum Standard has been translated into specific terms of reference and a methodology for the peer review and monitoring process. The peer review process is conducted in two stages. Stage 1 assesses countries against the terms of reference of the minimum standard according to an agreed schedule of review. Stage 2 focuses on monitoring the follow-up of any recommendations resulting from jurisdictions' Stage 1 peer review report. This report reflects the outcome of the Stage 1 peer monitoring of the implementation of the Action 14 Minimum Standard by Viet Nam.
    DOI: 10.1787/417776da-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of big data in transport modelling (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 33 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 05]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/05
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper guides transport planners in making the best use of mobile phone traces, derived either from mobile network data or from smartphone app data. It suggests combining such new data sources with conventional travel surveys whose sample size and cost could ultimately be reduced. In the context of a rapidly evolving mobility landscape, with new modes and new services available, big data can help monitor behaviour change, learn from quasi-experiments and develop next-generation travel demand modelling tools.
    Note: Zählung der Reihe aus OECD iLibrary
    DOI: 10.1787/86a128c7-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benefits of cellular telecommunication and smart card data for travel behaviour analysis (2021)
    Paris : International Transport Forum
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 30 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Discussion paper / International Transport Forum no. [2021, 06]
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Discussion Papers no.2021/06
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper proposes the estimation of trip origin-destination matrices using big data through two case studies. In the first, trip matrices are estimated from mobile network data and compared with household travel survey results. In the second, public transport trip matrices are derived from smart card data and compared with passenger survey data. The paper concludes that sample size and longitudinal data collection are big data's main strengths, yet are limited by privacy protection constraints and by the need to control for biases in the sample.
    Note: Zählung der Reihe aus OECD iLibrary
    DOI: 10.1787/3884255b-en
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving the provision of active labour market policies in Estonia (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264525931 , 9789264602588 , 9789264393585
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 152 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Connecting people with jobs
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Estland ; Employment ; Estonia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report on Estonia is the seventh country study published in a series of reports looking into how policies connect people with jobs. It discusses the set-up and performance of active labour market policies (ALMPs) in Estonia. In particular, the report analyses the institutional and regulatory framework of ALMP provision in Estonia, assesses the need for ALMPs in the Estonian population and evaluates whether ALMPs reach the people they are targeted to. For that purpose, the report relies on the analysis of a rich set of linked administrative data which allow to identify the labour market obstacles faced by people furthest from the labour market, and identify gaps and overlaps in the ALMPs and related support provided to them.
    DOI: 10.1787/31f72c5b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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