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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (7,052)
  • GRASSI Mus. Leipzig
  • Environment  (3,779)
  • Governance  (3,551)
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  • 1
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    London : Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group ; 1.2017 -
    Language: English
    Pages: Bände
    Dates of Publication: 1.2017 -
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als African governance
    DDC: 320
    Keywords: Staat ; Governance ; Afrika ; Monografische Reihe
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Serbia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Serbia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Serbia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Serbia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Serbia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Serbia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Serbia
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Guinea assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Guinea perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Guinea on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Guinea; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Guinea; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Guinea; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Guinea
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Equitable Growth, Finance and Institutions Insight
    Keywords: Anticorruption Agenda ; Governance ; Governance and Financial Sector ; Integrity Risks ; Law and Development ; Public Administration ; Public Procurement
    Abstract: The Armenia public sector accountability survey is instrumental in addressing the disparities between de jure laws and regulations and de facto practices and seeks to fill existing knowledge gaps and inform further definition and implementation of the government's anticorruption initiatives. The survey was implemented by the Corruption Prevention Commission (CPC) and the World Bank. It aimed to: (i) provide a comprehensive assessment of the patterns and determinants of integrity risks, and how they can impact productivity and performance in the public administration in Armenia; (ii) understand the perceptions of Armenian public servants regarding ongoing anticorruption initiatives, their awareness of integrity risks, and the needs for further interventions; and (iii) generate evidence, support and inform further definition of reforms and anticorruption initiatives that help address and counter weak integrity practices in the public sector in Armenia. By highlighting the disparities between de jure laws and de facto practices, particularly in terms of integrity within the public sector, this survey aimed to serve as a cornerstone for informing effective implementation in targeted interventions and bridging the gap between policy intentions and actual practices within Armenia's governance. The Armenia public sector accountability survey was aimed at public servants in selected public entities in Armenia, including central ministries and agencies, regional governments, and selected municipalities across the country. The analysis of the survey findings is anchored in the government production function conceptual framework and adjusted to explicitly take into account the drivers and consequences of corruption
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Zimbabwe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Zimbabwe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Zimbabwe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Zimbabwe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Zimbabwe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Zimbabwe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Zimbabwe
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Jamaica assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Jamaica perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Jamaica on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Jamaica; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Jamaica; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Jamaica; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Jamaica
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Ghana assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Ghana perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Ghana on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Ghana; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Ghana; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Ghana; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Ghana
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (56 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Feriga, Moustafa Amgad Moustafa Ahmed Moustafa The Impact of Climate Change on Work: Lessons for Developing Countries
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Labor ; Environment ; Labor Demand ; Labor Supply ; Productivity
    Abstract: What is the impact of climate change on labor Reviewing the evidence, this paper finds five areas of potential impact. Climate change may have an immediate effect on labor demand, labor supply and time allocation, on-the-job productivity, and income and vulnerability among the self-employed. In the medium term, climate change may lead to a reallocation of labor across economic activities and across space. Impact estimates typically rely on fixed effect estimation. These estimates require care when interpreted as they typically reflect the short-term direct impact of past events and abstract from potential adaptation. The paper discusses emerging work trying to address this, analyzing the responses by firms, farms, households, and workers. Together, the existing evidence points toward six potential areas of government response. Potential labor policies include green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by setting out avenues for future research in this field
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Health Sector Review
    Keywords: Governance ; Health Insurance ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; PHC ; Primary Health Care Performance ; Vital Signs Profile
    Abstract: This report presents the findings of the Vital Signs Profile (VSP) assessment conducted by the World Bank and the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) in collaboration with Fiji's Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). The VSP provides an opportunity to assess the state of the primary health care (PHC) system in Fiji, highlighting areas of strength and challenges through the lens of the PHCPI framework. The framework organizes various domains and subdomains of primary health care using a logic model approach that encompasses the traditional inputs and outputs of PHC systems and emphasizes the capacity and processes of PHC service delivery and performance. Notably, while PHCPI recognizes the role of social determinants of health and intersectoral health promotion and prevention efforts as important factors influencing population health, the VSP is primarily focused on aspects of health service delivery. Fiji is one of four Pacific countries - alongside Kiribati, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Solomon Islands that have, with support of the World Bank, used PHCPI tools to take stock of current performance, safeguard what works well, and lay out a vision for areas requiring improvement
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiuratti, Frederico Are Regional Fiscal Multipliers on EU Structural and Investment Fund Spending Large? A Reassessment of the Evidence
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 Economic Recovery Package ; Environment ; EU Economies ; European Union ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Fiscal Multiplier ; Green Issues ; Monetary Union ; Short-Term Regional Fiscal Stimulus ; Social Risk Management ; Sustainable Green Growth
    Abstract: The European Commission's "NextGenerationEU" COVID-19 recovery package has underscored interest in the size of regional fiscal multipliers in Europe. While the objective of these funds is the long-term transformation toward more sustainable green growth and digitalization in EU economies, several recent papers have also focused on their short-term stimulatory effects and have estimated large short-term regional multipliers on historical EU structural and investment fund spending. This has contributed to a view that EU funds can boost growth substantially not only in the long term, but also in the short term in countries receiving large flows, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper reevaluates the evidence by estimating regional short-term multipliers using recent data on EU fund spending and a leave-one-out predicted disbursement schedule instrument. In contrast with much of the recent literature, there is little evidence of large relative GDP multipliers at either the national or subnational level in the short term. This is despite a strong response of regional investment to EU funds, which often increases euro for euro. The results suggest that expectations should be tempered on using EU structural and investment funds as a tool for short-term regional fiscal stimulus, and instead policy makers may want to focus on the long-term benefits of EU funds, in line with their original purpose
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Kenya assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Kenya perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Kenya on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Kenya; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Kenya; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Kenya; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Kenya
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Food Security ; Fragile Recovery ; Pollitical Challenges ; Water Resources ; Water Security
    Abstract: Somalia has remained on a strong economic reform path despite the various global and exogenous shocks that have continued to buffet the economy. Recurrent climate-related shocks, such as cycles of droughts, floods, locusts' infestation, higher international commodity prices, as well as increased insecurity and conflict, have interrupted the country's growth trajectory. However, this has not deterred the country's commitment to continue advancing reforms to strengthen key economic institutions and promote macroeconomic stability and recovery. As a result, Somalia has continued to make progress toward meeting the conditions for achieving the heavily indebted poor country (HIPC) completion point in December 2023. Within the framework of resilience, the eighth edition of the World Bank's Somalia economic update series provides an in-depth analysis of recent economic developments and growth outlook and makes a case for integrating climate change with Somalia's growth agenda. This report highlights macroeconomic policies and reforms that promote inclusive growth and institutional building including enhancing fiscal space for development priorities while strengthening expenditure controls; strengthening financial integrity; integrating Somalia into the global financial system; and improving debt management
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9783031445842
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 427 p. 18 illus., 5 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Security, International. ; Political science. ; Human rights. ; International relations. ; Diplomacy. ; Internationaler Konflikt ; Grenzkonflikt ; Kollektive Sicherheit ; Internationale Politik ; Innere Sicherheit ; Menschenrecht ; Governance ; Europa
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Migration Policies in the OSCE Region (Anisa Abeytia) -- Chapter 2. Early Warning Models in the OSCE: Adoption and Re-Invention (Alina Isakova) -- Chapter 3. NATO and EU Strategic Security Environment (Aybike Yalcin-Ispir) -- Chapter 4. Patterns of Border Disputes Amongst OSCE Countries (Halina Sapeha) -- Chapter 5. Assessing Water (Ir)Rationality in the Disputed Region of Nagorno-Karabakh (Leonardo Zanatta) -- Chapter 6. Vetting as a Tool for Strengthening Judicial Integrity in the OSCE Region (Teodora Miljojkovic) -- Chapter 7. Human Rights Adjudication in Central Asia (Saniia Toktogazieva) -- Chapter 8. Human Rights and Social Media: Challenges and Opportunities for Human Rights Education (Joanna Kulesza) -- Chapter 9. Digital Citizen Activism in Central Asia: Beyond Contestation and Cooperation (Bakhytzhan Kurmanov) -- Chapter 10. The Dilemma of Good Governance vs. Power Grab in Georgia (Shalva Dzebisashvili) -- Chapter 11. Transformations of Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine towards EU Membership (Malkhaz Nakashidze) -- Chapter 12. Backsliding Rule of Law and “Stabilotocracy” in Montenegro (Mirko Đuković).
    Abstract: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Environment ; Green Transformation ; International Economics and Trade ; Plastic Substitutes ; Sustainability ; Trade ; Trade Policies ; Trade Policy
    Abstract: Climate change - and efforts to mitigate and adapt to it - will affect global flows of trade and Indonesia's ability to transition to a more environmentally sustainable economy on its path to become a high-income economy is, therefore, interlinked with trade policy. Environmental policy stringency (EPS) is increasing around the globe - a crucial challenge lies in harmonizing these with sustained economic growth, yet both goals can be reached. Although trade flows facilitate emissions, they are also a critical part of the solution, including through trade in environmental goods (EGs) and plastic substitutes - with important economic spillovers. This report provides a detailed analysis of the role of trade and trade policy on EGs and plastic substitutes in Indonesia's green transition. Chapter one describes the need for, and urgency of, this transition, by looking at the carbon intensity of Indonesia's trade, the impacts of environmental policies of Indonesia and key trading partners, and the roles of EGs. Chapter two examines where Indonesia stands on the level of trade in EGs and plastic substitutes and the competitiveness of EGs trade. Chapter three explores trade agreements and tariffs and simulates potential impacts of tariff reforms - including through multilateral actions. Chapter four examines what non-tariff measures (NTMs) apply on the products including inputs of firms exporting EGs and assesses which NTMs may be costly. Finally, chapter five concludes with policy recommendations
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Calice, Pietro Just Transition: Issues for Central Banks and Financial Regulators
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Finance ; Energy ; Energy Transition ; Environment ; Financial Regulators ; Social Changes
    Abstract: Recent calls on central banks and financial regulators to use the tools at their disposal to help mitigate the negative economic and social impacts of climate policies are based on several false analogies between the energy transition and the "just" energy transition. The same false analogies explain why voluntary efforts to incorporate just transition considerations into private financial decisions and products copying approaches from climate finance have so far failed to gain traction. None of the above invalidates the just transition as a political aspiration. However, only the government has the legitimacy and authority to identify the regions or sectors where the negative impacts of the energy transition are to be mitigated, determine the extent and instruments for this mitigation, and adjust them over time in line with shifting social preferences. This is an essentially political task that cannot be delegated to technocratic agencies. Nevertheless, within the parameters established by the government, central banks and financial regulators can play a supporting role by ensuring accurate data on the social impact of the energy transition, enforcing disclosure requirements, sensitizing financial firms to just transition--related risks, and raising awareness among financial firms. However, they must be cautious not to overstep their mandate, and remain mindful of the limitations of their toolkit and of the risks and potential unintended consequences of their actions
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  • 16
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Cyclonic Storm ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Natural Disasters ; Rakhine State ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall as a Category 4-equivalent cyclone in the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale on Sunday May 14, 2023, at 07:07 UTC (14:07 local time) around Sittwe city, the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar. Given the fragile and conflict-affected situation with limited access in Myanmar, the World Bank has adopted the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology to estimate damages arising from Cyclone Mocha. GRADE is a remote, desktop analysis to estimate damage to capital stock. This report summarizes the results of the GRADE conducted to assess damages following the impact of Extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha in Myanmar during May 2023
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Attitudes ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Participations and Civic Engagement ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Knowledge ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mongolia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mongolia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mongolia on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mongolia; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mongolia; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mongolia; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mongolia
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Artuc, Erhan Trade, Outsourcing, and the Environment
    Keywords: Border Carbon Adjustment ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Tariffs ; Carbon Tax ; CO2 Emission Leakage ; Environment ; Environment and Trade ; Environmental Policy ; International Economics and Trade ; Law and Development ; Tax Law
    Abstract: This paper analyzes the effects of carbon taxation and border carbon adjustments in a setting where firms can choose to respond to taxation by abating or by outsourcing part of their production. For this, this paper sets up a general equilibrium trade model, calibrated with world trade and input-output data that features a discrete choice production structure, where the producers choose between outsourcing or abating emission-intensive intermediate production steps. The paper finds that border adjustments that cannot target scope 3 emissions can lead to outsourcing, and thus leakage, further down the value chain, but nevertheless induce higher abatement both in the countries that impose the border adjustment and in the ones affected by it
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  • 19
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Floreani, Vincent A Costing Disasters: Hedonic Pricing, Neighborhood Effects, and the Nepal Gorkha Earthquakes
    Keywords: Climate Change Economics ; Earthquakes ; Environment ; Hedonic Price ; Housing Prices ; Imputed Rent ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Microsimulation ; Natural Disaster ; Natural Disasters ; Neighborhood Effects ; Spatial Economics ; Welfare
    Abstract: Disasters are frequent and clearly harmful in developing countries, but precisely estimating their overall cost and distributional impact is challenging. This paper proposes a microsimulation approach to do so rapidly, borrowing concepts from both poverty analysis and urban economics. Because housing prices reflect the present value of a specific bundle of living conditions, local earnings opportunities, and local access to services, their change in the aftermath of a disaster can be interpreted as a measure of the welfare cost incurred by households. A hedonic pricing function is used to estimate such changes based on the destruction experienced by the dwellings themselves, but also on the overall destruction suffered by their surrounding areas. The first element captures the damage from worse living conditions, whereas the second captures the loss from diminished earnings opportunities and access to services. The proposed approach is illustrated by estimating the cost of the 2015 Gorkha earthquakes in Nepal. Overall, the estimated impact is comparable to that from the official assessment. But its spatial distribution is significantly different due to the pivotal influence of neighborhood effects
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031356643
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 388 Seiten) , Diagramme, Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Environmental economics. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Technology ; Information technology. ; Stadt ; Konzeption ; Stadtentwicklung ; Klimaänderung ; Umweltfaktor ; Soziales Feld ; Einflussgröße ; Stadtplanung ; Governance ; Smart cities ; Climate Change ; Ecology ; Smart Governance ; Energy transition ; ICT ; smart mobility ; sustainability ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Innovation and Smart Cities Research: A Review and Future Directions -- 2. The role of the fourth industrial revolution technologies in driving smart cities -- 3. Finance and economic return of smart city projects -- 4. Cities transformation and benefits of Smart Cities -- 5. Cities: the new form of international environmental governance -- 6. Smart Energy Cities: The Role of Behavioral Interventions in Reducing Electricity Demand in Buildings in Principality of Monaco -- 7. Back to the future: tapping into ancient knowledge toward human centered smart cities -- 8. Environmental retrofitting, a mandate for NEZ livable and sustainable GCC cities -- 9. A comprehensive smart system for social housing -- 10. Smart Modelling for Greener Urban Environments: The Digital Twin of the City of Imola -- 11. MUST-B: a multi-agent model to envisage the future challenges of sustainable urban development -- 12. A Systematic Literature Review on an Expansion of Transit-Oriented Development’s Station Areas -- 13. Ergonomics of access: a new, broad and inclusive vision to better understand the links between the urban context on the conditions of access, accessibility and appropriation of resources of daily life in active modes -- 14. Mobility hubs, an innovative concept for a sustainable urban mobility? State of the art, guidelines and assessments of two European experiences -- 15. Micromobility in urban areas: Evaluation of several scenarios with respect to detailed characteristics of the city -- 16. Smart Cities initiatives and perspectives in emerging economies -- 17. Data driven urban management for Saudi cities: Practices, challenges, and opportunities -- 18. Smart Cities: GCC and Kuwait Experience -- 19. Smart Cities from an Indian Perspective: Evolving Ambitions and Incorporating Sustainable Practices.
    Abstract: This open access book discusses the socioeconomic, environmental, and policy implications of smart cities. Written by international experts in energy economics and policy, the chapters present wide range of high quality theoretical and empirical studies at the nexus of social, entrepreneurial, governmental and ecological transformation. The book covers a wide range of topics, with a view towards providing empirical evidence of the benefits of smart cities as well as practical frameworks for smart city initiatives. Topics discussed include: smart city transition pillars, innovation for smart and sustainable cities design and implementation, smart city governance, smart mobility within cities, and smart cities in emerging economies. This volume will be of use to students and researchers interested in resource economics, energy economics, sustainability, ICT, and governance, as well as policymakers working on smart city initiatives.
    Note: Open Access , Tabellen, Literaturverzeichnisse, Literaturhinweise
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Journal on Budgeting Vol. 23, no. 3 | volume:23 | year:2024 | number:3
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Journal on Budgeting
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 23, no. 3
    Angaben zur Quelle: volume:23
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: number:3
    Keywords: Economics ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: The growth of strategic budget initiatives – such as gender budgeting and green budgeting - has been a prominent trend in OECD countries. This is driven by a desire to use the budget to help deliver transformational change in relation to key policy priorities demanding a whole-of-government response. This paper outlines the emergence of strategic budget initiatives across OECD countries and offers some preliminary observations on how these initiatives are being designed and implemented.
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9783031548727
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVII, 193 p. 18 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Macmillan Studies in Banking and Financial Institutions
    Uniform Title: Climate stress test
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Financial services industry. ; Financial risk management. ; Climatology. ; Sustainability. ; ESG ; Climate & environmental risk ; Financial institutions ; Transmission channels ; Regulatory framework ; Governance ; Business model ; Climate risk ; Sustainability ; Sustainable finance ; ESG and finance
    Abstract: 1 Climate Risk Scenario -- 2 Regulatory Framework, Standards And Best Practices For The Financial Sector -- 3 Transmission Channels Of Climate Risk -- 4 Integrating Climate Risk Into Commercial Banks Operations -- 5 Insurance Companies -- 6 Governance Implications: The Challenge Of Disclosure.
    Abstract: Climate change is defining structural modifications that affect the economy and the financial system. Within Europe, supervisors and supervised entities are increasingly focusing on the consequences of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks as they impact the soundness and stability of the financial system or interfere with the transmission channels of monetary policy and price stability as well as raising sustainability financing issues. Focusing on climate-related risks within the broader theme of ESG risks, this book analyzes the evolving overall regulatory framework, the climate risk transmission channels, the peculiarities of climate risk transmission channels with reference to specific business models of financial intermediaries, and the governance and disclosure implications of climate risks. It will be of interest to academics, practitioners, and students in the fields of banking, financial services, sustainability, ESG, and climate risk. Elisabetta Gualandri is a Full Professor of Banking and Finance in the Marco Biagi Department of Economics at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy, where she is a member of the Center for Studies in Banking and Finance (CEFIN). She is also a Director of the European Association of University Teachers of Banking and Finance – Wolpertinger. Paola Bongini is a Full Professor of Banking and Finance at the University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy. She is also the Director of the Ph.D. Program in Business for Society. Her research interests are in empirical banking, financial regulation and financial literacy and education. Maurizio Pierigè is Senior Partner at Prometeia responsible for the Risk Integration activities within the Enterprise Risk Management Practice. As Head of Risk Integration, Advanced Analytics, Climate Change & ESG Risks, he is in charge of the development of Prometeia offerings (scenarios, advisory, models, methodologies, software solutions) on balance sheet forecasting and risk integration topics. Marina Di Janni is a Principal, Risk Integration, Advanced Analytics, Climate Change & ESG Risks at Prometeia. She is in charge of planning, controlling, and risk integration for institutions.
    Note: Translation from the Italian language edition: "Climate stress test. Un primo passo verso una gestione integrate dei rischi climatici e ambientali" by Elisabetta Gualandri et al., © AIFIRM (Associazione Italiana Financial Industry Managers) 2022. - The Book is based on selected Chapters (1, 2, and 8) of the AIFIRM's Position Paper n. 39 “Climate Stress Test - Un primo passo verso una gestione integrata dei rischi climatici ed ambientali”. The Editors of the Book took care of all updates, additions, revisions, and translations of the AIFIRM's Position Paper n. 39 selected chapters
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.40
    Keywords: Feuer ; Klimawandel ; Brandschutz ; USA ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Environment ; Governance ; United States
    Abstract: The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264582880 , 9789264791572 , 9789264888821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Efektīvas strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē attīstība Latvijā
    Keywords: Konfliktregelung ; Digitalisierung ; Internet ; Lettland ; Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: This report assesses the use of online dispute resolution (ODR) in Latvia. It looks at the country’s efforts to modernise its justice system and develop dispute resolution mechanisms, identifies areas for improvement in line with the OECD ODR Framework, and provides examples of the application of ODR in other countries. The assessment is enriched by the application of the OECD ODR Framework to three specific types of claims – simplified and warning procedures, and consumer claims. It provides recommendations for successfully implementing ODR in Latvia and broadly modernising the justice sector to ensure better access to justice for all.
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  • 25
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.10
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Gesundheitswesen ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Artificial intelligence will have profound impacts across health systems, transforming health care, public health, and research. Responsible AI can accelerate efforts toward health systems being more resilient, sustainable, equitable, and person-centred. This paper provides an overview of the background and current state of artificial intelligence in health, perspectives on opportunities, risks, and barriers to success. The paper proposes several areas to be explored for policy makers to advance the future of responsible AI in health that is adaptable to change, respects individuals, champions equity, and achieves better health outcomes for all. The areas to be explored relate to trust, capacity building, evaluation, and collaboration. This recognises that the primary forces that are needed to unlock the value from artificial intelligence are people-based and not technical. The OECD is ready to support efforts for co-operative learning and collective action to advance the use of responsible AI in health.
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264710412 , 9789264489547 , 9789264940451
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Developing Effective Online Dispute Resolution in Latvia
    Keywords: Governance ; Latvia
    Abstract: Šajā ziņojumā novērtēts strīdu izšķiršanas tiešsaistē (ODR) izmantojums Latvijā. Tajā aplūkoti valsts centieni modernizēt tieslietu sistēmu un attīstīt strīdu izšķiršanas mehānismus, noteiktas jomas, kurās nepieciešami uzlabojumi saskaņā ar ESAO ODR sistēmu, un sniegti ODR piemērošanas piemēri citās valstīs. Novērtējumu papildina ESAO ODR regulējuma piemērošana trīs īpašiem prasību veidiem - vienkāršotām un brīdinājuma procedūrām, kā arī ar patērētāju tiesībām saistītām prasībām. Tajā sniegti ieteikumi, kā sekmīgi īstenot ODR Latvijā un kopumā modernizēt tieslietu nozari, lai nodrošinātu labāku tiesu pieejamību visiem.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264996526 , 9789264451674 , 9789264920927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (183 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Budgetinzidenz ; Kanada ; Frankreich ; Irland ; Italien ; Südkorea ; Niederlande ; Neuseeland ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Governance
    Abstract: In many countries, public expenditure, including transfers, plays a major role in reducing income inequality. The report reviews the various ways that budgeting can be used to this end. A first includes taking a broad approach to results-based budgeting, taking social and distributional goals into consideration. A second relies on integrating distributional impact analysis directly into the budget process. The report discusses the concrete experience of eight OECD countries in this area, analysing how they are integrating distributional impact assessment in spending and budgeting decisions. Finally, it discusses the tools, frameworks and data that are needed to take distributional considerations into account as part of evidence-informed policy making.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264912564 , 9789264753297 , 9789264675803
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (186 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Energieinfrastruktur ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: As countries scale up climate action, they face the challenge of expanding renewable power while tackling biodiversity loss. Transitioning away from fossil fuels can reduce climate-related pressure on biodiversity, but brings its own risks. Unless carefully managed, the expansion of renewable power could compromise biodiversity. This report synthesises evidence on biodiversity impacts from renewable power infrastructure, with a focus on solar power, wind power and power lines. It identifies opportunities for mainstreaming biodiversity into power sector planning and policy to deliver better outcomes for nature and the climate. Drawing on good practice insights from across the globe, the report offers governments recommendations to align renewable power expansion with biodiversity goals.
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264567634 , 9789264940802 , 9789264710153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Keywords: Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Bauinstallation ; Philippinen ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: In recent years, the Philippines has increased its commitment to climate action and its efforts to decarbonise the domestic economy. The power sector in the Philippines accounts for 58% of the country’s overall carbon emissions and will be an important driver of domestic emission reduction efforts to meet national climate and energy targets. Renewables, such as offshore wind, are expected to play a key role in the transition toward a low-carbon energy mix. With more than 17 thousand kilometres of coastline, the Philippines is estimated to have an offshore wind potential of 178 GW. However, this potential has yet to be leveraged. Alongside a changing power sector, progress on energy efficiency is needed to achieve the country’s emission reduction goals, with energy savings estimated at approximately 2% annually for the residential and commercial sectors. To deliver a clean energy transition, the Philippines requires estimated cumulative investments of over USD 300 billion between now and 2040. This report outlines key actions needed to unlock finance and investment in offshore wind power and energy efficiency in public buildings. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the progress to date and the challenges to mobilise near-term finance in those sectors, assist the Philippines transition towards a low-carbon economy, and achieve broader development goals.
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  • 30
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264613249 , 9789264719736 , 9789264485068
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Regional Development Studies
    Keywords: Klimaneutralität ; Klimapolitik ; Hamburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Germany
    Abstract: Reaching climate neutrality requires economic transformations of unprecedented scale and speed. Immediate action from the business community can avoid unnecessary costs, create wellbeing co-benefits and prepare local businesses with a better competitive position in the future climate neutral economy. This report shows what reaching climate neutrality by 2040 means for Hamburg businesses and identifies key actions they need to undertake. It provides insights where the Hamburg economy and its businesses stand on the way to climate neutrality and on their needs to advance, drawing on a business survey. The study also shares insights from action plans of selected comparison cities. It points to cross-sector as well as to sector-specific challenges and opportunities for Hamburg businesses. This includes making better use of low-cost renewables, addressing energy efficiency in buildings as well as challenges and opportunities in activities in and around the port and in industry. It highlights Hamburg's potential as a hydrogen hub as well as the need to adopt circular economy practices. It illustrates that a regional and business perspective are necessary to achieve climate neutrality in prosperity, requiring individual and collective business action.
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.44
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: Digital government is essential to transform government processes and services in ways that improve the responsiveness and reliability of the public sector. During the COVID-19 pandemic it also proved crucial to governments' ability to continue operating in times of crisis and provide timely services to citizens and businesses. Yet, for the digital transformation to be sustainable in the long term, it needs solid foundations, including adaptable governance arrangements, reliable and resilient digital public infrastructure, and a prospective approach to governing with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. This paper presents the main findings of the 2023 edition of the OECD Digital Government Index (DGI), which benchmarks the efforts made by governments to establish the foundations necessary for a coherent, human-centred digital transformation of the public sector. It comprises 155 data points from 33 member countries, 4 accession countries and 1 partner country collected in 2022, covering the period between 01 January 2020 and 31 October 2022.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783839470305 , 9783837670301
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (252 p.)
    Series Statement: Bildungsforschung
    Keywords: Philosophy & theory of education ; Bildung ; Schule ; Inklusion ; Diversität ; Bildungsreform ; Schulbürokratie ; Governance ; Inklusive Bildung ; Schweiz ; Bildungsgeschichte ; Bildungsforschung ; Bildungssoziologie ; Bildungstheorie ; Pädagogik ; Education ; School ; Inclusion ; Diversity ; Education Reform ; Switzerland ; History of Education ; Educational Research ; Sociology of Education ; Theory of Education ; Pedagogy
    Abstract: Bildung soll inklusiv sein - diese normative Forderung ist Gegenstand zahlreicher Debatten. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeichnet Carla Jana Svaton ethnographisch die Governance einer integrativen Volksschule in der Schweiz nach und folgt dazu den bildungs- und schulpolitischen Kontroversen sowie lokalen Übersetzungsprozessen einer aktuellen Bildungsreform. Dabei ergründet sie nicht nur pädagogisch-strukturelle Spannungsfelder und Ambivalenzen im Umgang mit schulischer Heterogenität: Die Studie zeigt auf, wie der emanzipatorische Anspruch einer Schule für alle in papierene Akteure wie Gesetze, Verordnungen, Leitfäden und Konzepte eingeschrieben wird - um so als »Skript der Besonderung« zum schulbürokratischen Gegenprogramm zu avancieren
    Note: German
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783031507472 , 9783031507465
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (439 p.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy
    Keywords: Political economy ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Agricultural science ; Development economics and emerging economies ; Economics ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
    Abstract: India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets provides a comprehensive analysis of these systems by combining insights from a wealth of interdisciplinary scholarship on social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India’s social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting the developmental achievements and shortcomings of the myriad of social welfare schemes, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. This is an open-access book
    Note: English
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9783031490149 , 9783031490132
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (282 p.)
    Keywords: Sociology ; Public administration ; Human geography ; Sustainability ; Densification ; Gentrification ; Social exclusion ; Decommodification ; Governance ; Affordable housing ; Active land policy ; sustainable housing ; urban densification ; housing commodification
    Abstract: Affordable housing shortage and social exclusion have become severe societal problems across the globe. Increasing numbers of people are suffering from social eviction and displacement due to urban densification, modernization, rising rents, and intense housing commodification. Vulnerable resident groups – such as old-aged or households with children – who often live in old housing stocks planned to be densified, renovated, or upgraded with higher rents, are forced to leave the urban core centers because they can no longer afford to live in central locations, or because they experience unstable or insecure housing conditions. A scenario that is highly unsustainable. So far, studies on densification have mainly considered the process as technological, architectural, or design-based problem (e.g., Kyttä et al., 2013; Broitman & Koomen, 2015; Bibby et al., 2018). However, systematic knowledge on how to implement densification objectives sustainably – regarding economic, environmental, and social aspects – is still lacking. This book tackles this gap by analyzing densification from a governance perspective. Its point of departure is that densification per se does not necessarily lead to sustainable outcomes in terms of social inclusion, cohesion, or community stability. Rather, it politicizes densification by neglecting how the process is planned, implemented, and governed by the actors involved. The book applies an actors-centered neoinstitutionalist political ecology approach to reveal the specific objectives and strategies of actors involved, as well as the socio-political structures (i.e. rules. laws, and policies) that govern densification. Four Swiss in-depth empirical qualitative case studies (Zürich, Basel, Köniz, and Kloten) illustrate the political and legal conditions for success or failure for (un)sustainable implementations of densification. Ultimately, this book advises stakeholders, governments, urban practitioners, and academics on more effective, community-oriented, collective, and decommodified forms of governance to respond to the needs of the public at large rather than simply catering to private individuals and firms. Such governance initiatives entail active municipal land policy approaches outside a purely market-based investment logic that not only limit, but also work with property rights. This is an open access book
    Note: English
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Letta, Marco Climate Immobility Traps: A Household-Level Test
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Causal Forests ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Migration ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Household Data ; Housing Finance ; Immobility Traps
    Abstract: The complex relationship between climate shocks, migration, and adaptation hampers a rigorous understanding of the heterogeneous mobility outcomes of farm households exposed to climate risk. To unpack this heterogeneity, the analysis combines longitudinal multi-topic household survey data from Nigeria with a causal machine learning approach, tailored to a conceptual framework bridging economic migration theory and the poverty traps literature. The results show that pre-shock asset levels, in situ adaptive capacity, and cumulative shock exposure drive not just the magnitude but also the sign of the impact of agriculture-relevant weather anomalies on the mobility outcomes of farming households. While local adaptation acts as a substitute for migration, the roles played by wealth constraints and repeated shock exposure suggest the presence of climate-induced immobility traps
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines Liberia's development trajectory through the lens of the country's vulnerability to climate change. It identifies Liberia's development risks and opportunities, models various scenarios of climate impact and intervention, and proposes ways to strengthen resilience and finance climate actions that support Liberia's development aspirations of inclusive growth and poverty reduction
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  • 39
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Environment ; IDA19 ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rating System ; Resilience ; RRS
    Abstract: In response to the growing recognition that measuring inputs, such as climate finance, is not enough to capture the impacts of investments, the World Bank Group developed the Resilience Rating System (RRS). Developed over a two-year, multi-sectoral consultative process through close collaboration with internal and external actors, the RRS methodology aims to guide investment decisions and improve climate resilience in project design and outcomes. The methodology report is publicly available. The RRS evaluates and rates investment projects from C to A+, based on their resilience attributes in two complementary dimensions. The resilience of rating considers a project's design, reflecting the confidence that it will achieve its expected objectives and maximize development benefits in the face of climate and disaster risks. The resilience through rating considers a project's outcomes and reflects its contribution to improving climate resilience in the broader community, sector and systems, and to driving transformational adaptation. Combining the two dimension ratings provides an overall project rating, from CC to A+A+
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Public Environmental Expenditure Review
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Blended Concessional Finance ; Clean Energy ; Climate Investments ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Housing ; Solar Power ; Waste-To-Energy
    Abstract: The document collection focuses on the concept of blended finance for climate investments, emphasizing the need for innovative financial mechanisms to address climate change. It discusses the potential of blending public and private capital to mobilize investment in climate-related projects, aiming to achieve both environmental and financial returns. The collection explores various models and case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of blended finance in driving sustainable development and combating climate change on a global scale
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  • 41
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Digitalization ; Energy Footprint ; Environment ; GHG ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; ICT Sector ; Information and Communication Technologies
    Abstract: Digitalization is increasing rapidly worldwide, requiring more energy, and resulting in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) two thirds of the world's population are now online. Estimates of the internet and communication technology (ICT) sector's share of global carbon emissions vary across the literature ranging from 1.5 to 4 percent. Based on the data and estimates in this report at least 1.7 percent of global emissions stem from the ICT sector. Meanwhile, one-third of the world's population, or 2.6 billion people, remain unconnected to the internet. The large majority, about 94 percent, live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and less than 20 percent of LMICs have modern data infrastructure, such as co-location data centers and access to cloud computing. Connecting people in these countries will require more infrastructure and devices, which will further increase demand for scarce energy resources and drive emissions even higher if targeted interventions are not implemented. The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizing energy use and emissions, the greenhouse gas protocol corporate standard. Second, the report addresses the policy and regulatory implications inferred from this data and the examination of these issues through several country case studies
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Disaster Management ; Earth Observation ; Environment ; ICT Applications ; ICT Data and Statistics ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Natural Disasters ; Natural Hazards ; World Settlement Footprint (WSF)
    Abstract: Earth observation is a crucial source of accurate and up-to-date information of Earth's natural and manmade environments that are critical when planning for, responding to, and mitigating the effects of natural hazards. Satellites that regularly collect images of the entire globe combined--with machine learning algorithms to process them more efficiently--have the potential to provide timely, standardized, verifiable, and scalable information. This report focuses on the use of Earth observation to identify built-up areas exposed to natural hazards. It describes the World Settlement Footprint (WSF) suite of derived datasets, developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Google Earth Engine team, and the World Bank. These gridded datasets capture the extent of built-up areas from 1985-2015 and again for 2019, estimated building heights, impervious surfaces, and estimated population. Earth observation derived information is particularly useful for standardized and recurring World Bank operations. The report looks at several World Bank operations, and the key insights provided through analysis incorporating the various WSF suite products
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Triyana, Margaret Climate Shocks and the Poor: A Review of the Literature
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change and Environment ; Distributional Impact ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Meta Analysis ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty
    Abstract: There is a rapidly growing literature on the link between climate change and poverty. This study reviews the existing literature on whether the poor are more exposed to climate shocks and whether they are more adversely affected. About two-thirds of the studies in our analyzed sample find that the poor are more exposed to climate shocks than is the rest of the population and four-fifths of the studies find that the poor are more adversely affected by climate shocks than is the rest of the population. Income and human capital losses tend to be concentrated among the poor. These findings highlight the potential long-term risk of a climate-change induced poverty trap and the need for targeted interventions to protect the poor from the adverse effects of climate shocks
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Coulibaly, Mohamed Responsibility Sharing and the Economic Participation of Refugees in Chad
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Disaster Risk Management ; Environment ; Flood and Drought Risk Management ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Natural Resources Management ; Poverty Assessment ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The Global Compact on Refugees recognizes the importance of responsibility sharing for hosting, protecting, and assisting refugees, while emphasizing the potential of economic participation to reduce the cost of humanitarian assistance. This note explores the relative importance of aid in caring for refugees hosted in Chad and the importance of the incomes earned by the refugees. It finds that the combination of aid and self-earned incomes falls far short of a minimum standard of living (the poverty line) as a consequence of which the vast majority of refugees lives in abject poverty. It is also finds that although refugees are hosted in camps with relatively few economic opportunities, self-generated income covers 54 percent of the poverty line and aid only 14 percent. As Chad has adopted a policy of refugee inclusion and dispersion, the note then explores how much these progressive policies might increase the income earning potential of refugees. This is found to be substantial. Economic participation policies are estimated to reduce refugee poverty from 88 to 50 percent (thus increasing the self-sufficiency of refugees dramatically), while increasing the incomes generated by poor refugees by more than 50 percent. The greatest participation benefits will be realized when refugees move to areas with more economic potential
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  • 45
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Karayalcin, Cem Environmental Policy under Weak Institutions
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Development ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Policy
    Abstract: Developing countries are facing mounting pressures to incorporate environmental concerns into their policy reform agendas. This paper finds that common environmental policies, such as levying taxes to reduce the excessive exploitation of natural assets, can be self-defeating when (i) institutions are weak and (ii) the general equilibrium effects of such policy actions are overlooked. This seemingly paradoxical result is driven by fundamental mechanisms in structural transformation frameworks, without the need for strong assumptions. It also carries a clear policy implication: environmental policies should be considered within a country's broader development context, rather than in isolation
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Mobility and Transport Connectivity
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Carbon Emissions and Transport ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Green Growth ; Rail Greenhouse Gas Analysis ; Railways ; Transport ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Railways are a low carbon way to access opportunities and move goods to markets. To realize the benefits of railways in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), an estimated USD 25-80 billion of investment annually will be needed. Many organizations and investors want to support green activities and a variety of climate finance sources and instruments have been developed todo just that. However, railways have had limited success in accessing climate specific financing instruments. This report examines the experience in attracting financing from climate-specific financing instruments of railways in LMICs. The review encompasses private sector climate finance, whose resources could potentially meet the entire rail financing gap, as well as carbon markets, and other results-based climate finance and climate funds
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Climate Adaptation ; Environment ; Flood Risks ; Natural Disasters ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Resilience
    Abstract: Building resilience to natural disasters is imperative for sustainable private sector development and growth in Malaysia. Floods have been Malaysia's most frequent natural disaster, accounting for 85 percent of all natural disasters since 2000. This report looks holistically at the challenges of adaptation to climate change for businesses, exploring the complementarity among the public sector, the financial sector, and the private sector efforts in managing flood risks. It does so by using a range of complementary analyses that bring together the private sector perspective drawn from a firm-level survey, the financial sector perspective based on a survey of financial institutions (both banks and insurers and takaful operators), along with macro-modelling estimates of the aggregate impacts of future floods. The report concludes with a roadmap for policy action to strengthen private sector resilience and enhance the management of flood risks for businesses, zooming in on policies for the financial sector
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  • 48
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rama, Martin What Lies behind "Good" Analytical Work on Development? Four Years of Knowledge Products at the World Bank
    Keywords: Academic Impact ; Academic Research ; Governance ; International Governmental Organizations ; Research Output ; World Bank Group Research
    Abstract: The World Bank's analytical work has a strong reputation, but its knowledge products are also perceived to be of varying quality and relevance, and the drivers of this heterogeneity are only partially understood. Building on previous evaluations, this paper adopts a production function approach to assess how budget resources, time to completion, technical skills, and institutional responsibilities affect the internal ratings and external visibility of different types of analytical tasks at the World Bank. To this effect, the paper first matches records from three unconnected electronic platforms -- for internal documents, budget codes, and external publications -- to assemble a comprehensive database of knowledge products and their key characteristics. With analytical documents as its unit of observation, the exercise shows that: (1) devoting more resources to analytical tasks leads to both better ratings and greater visibility; (2) both outcomes are systematically worse when a greater share of resources comes from trust funds; (3) they are also consistently worse for tasks that take longer to complete; (4) more academically oriented team leaders underperform on ratings and overperform on visibility, whereas technically solid but less stellar team leaders overperform on ratings; and (5) everything else equal, performance varies systematically with the nature of the unit in charge. The findings of the paper can be read as a cautionary note against knowledge management that is based on the counting of analytical tasks. Instead, the findings call for much stronger information systems on knowledge products, a better alignment of incentives for the units in charge, and regular evaluations in the spirit of this paper
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Energy ; Energy Efficiency ; Energy Production and Transportation ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Human Development and Gender ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: In December 2021, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) published Cambodia's Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), which outlines the country's vision in achieving a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. As part of the long-term strategies to achieve net-zero emissions, the RGC set targets for decarbonizing the transportation sector through a combination of measures, including electrifying 70 percent of motorcycles, and 40 percent of cars and urban buses by 2050. It also aims to have 30 percent of mode share by public transport in cities by 2050
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Ecosystem Restoration ; Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financing Needs ; Nature Loss ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Investment
    Abstract: Ecosystem restoration is critical to the global ambition of halting and reversing nature loss. Tremendous efforts have been deployed globally to conserve the remaining rainforests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, reefs and mangroves, and other ecosystems that are critical for safeguarding biodiversity and the ecosystem services that humanity depends on. However, the extent of environmental degradation is such that recovering the productivity of ecosystems where it has been lost is equally important - for nature, communities, and economic sectors. While restoration is often viewed as the purview of the public sector, this report demonstrates opportunities for private sector investment. It aims to shift the perception that restoration finance is limited to grant funding from domestic and international public sources only. Drawing on case studies, it highlights the investment drivers and entry points for private finance in restoration projects. The financing models presented also point to opportunities for replication and scaling. This report is a product of the Finance Task Force of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, an initiative led by the United Nations Environment Program and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The United Nations Decade aims to drive the restoration of one billion hectares of degraded land between now and 2030. The role of the Finance Task Force, chaired by The World Bank, is to catalyze action that can contribute to unlocking the capital needed to meet the United Nations Decade's goals
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Environment ; Green Goods ; Green Technologies ; Green Trade ; International Economics and Trade ; Low-Carbon
    Abstract: Although Indonesia's economy has diversified over the past decades, natural resource extraction remains a key sector for both the domestic economy as well as international trade. Indonesia's ability to diversify away from primary products, reduce carbon emissions, adapt to climate change, and transition to a low-carbon economy is strongly interlinked with trade and trade policy. To position itself to benefit from the global transition to a non-carbon economy, Indonesia needs to adapt to new sources of international demand, adjust its existing productive capabilities, and cultivate new green industries. This note analyzes the carbon content of Indonesia's trade flows
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9783031406096 , 9783031406089
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (331 p.)
    Series Statement: International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy
    Keywords: International environmental law ; Agricultural science ; Public international law ; Human rights ; Meteorology & climatology ; Central government policies ; Land Degradation ; Neutrality ; Sustainable Management ; Climate Adaptation ; Soil ; Governance ; Climate Mitigation ; UNFCCC ; CBD ; Sustainability ; Climate Change ; Emissions ; Climate Policy ; Climate Litigation
    Abstract: This open access book presents an important discussion on the interface between sustainable soil management and climate mitigation and adaptation. It investigates a variety of aspects in this context, such as the political and societal consequences for countries in the Global South, an assessment of the outcomes of the UNFCCC Conference of Parties held in Glasgow, appropriate legal instruments to promote desealing, regulatory concepts for negative emissions in soil and land use, the debate in Europe on carbon uptake in soils and the climate-related policy of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Lastly, it provides information on recent court rulings on climate mitigation in Germany and Australia and their relevance for sustainable soil management. This sixth volume of the International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy is divided into four parts, the first of which deals with various aspects of the theme “Climate Mitigation and Adaptation and Sustainable Soil Management.”The second part covers recent international developments, the third presents regional and national reports, and the fourth discusses overarching issues. Given the range of key topics covered, the book offers an indispensable tool for all academics, legislators and policymakers working in this field. The “International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy” series discusses central questions in law and politics with regard to the protection and sustainable management of soil and land – at the international, national, and regional level
    Note: English
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trinh, Trong-Anh Does Global Warming Worsen Poverty and Inequality? An Updated Review
    Keywords: Chronic Poverty ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Economics ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; Global Warming ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Transient Poverty
    Abstract: This paper offers an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods. While studies consistently find negative impacts of higher temperature on poverty across different geographical regions, with higher vulnerability especially in poorer Sub-Saharan Africa, there is inconclusive evidence on climate change impacts on inequality. Further analysis of a recently constructed global database at the subnational unit level derived from official national household income and consumption surveys shows that temperature change has larger impacts in the short term and more impacts on chronic poverty than transient poverty. The results are robust to different model specifications and measures of chronic poverty and are more pronounced for poorer countries. The findings offer relevant inputs into current efforts to fight climate change
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  • 54
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Behrer, Arnold Patrick In Most Low- and Middle-Income Countries Pollution Levels Are Higher in Wealthier Areas
    Keywords: Air Pollution ; Air Quality and Clean Air ; Ambient Air Pollution ; Economic Concentration ; Environment ; Large Cities ; Pollution Management and Control ; Urban Environment
    Abstract: Air pollution is a major threat to health, and the dangers are particularly acute in low- and middle-income countries. However, little is known about how the burden of pollution is spread across the wealth distribution in these countries. This paper uses new data providing high-resolution wealth estimates for more than 100 low- and middle-income countries, combined with equally high-resolution estimates of air pollution, to estimate how wealth is correlated with ambient air pollution around the world. The findings show that on average air pollution is positively correlated with wealth, but the relationship is highly heterogeneous across countries. The fact that air pollution and wealth are both disproportionately high in urban areas, where economic activity is largely concentrated, appears to drive this relationship. When the analysis is limited to anthropogenic sources of pollution, the relationship becomes less heterogeneous and more systematically positive. The paper also examines the relationship between pollution exposure and wealth within large cities around the world. Again, the findings show substantial heterogeneity across cities. The paper explores several hypotheses for this heterogeneity but does not find a single explanation. Economic concentration within cities appears to explain some of the relationship. Cities with more concentrated economic opportunity tend to have more positive correlations between pollution and wealth
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  • 55
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Decarbonization ; Energy ; Energy Transition ; Environment ; Gas Security ; Renewable Energy ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Since February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe's need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets. It caused a significant increase in prices of electricity and heating services for consumers across the continent. With Europe's high reliance on imported natural gas, reestablishing energy security is a paramount objective. But how security can be achieved is subject to many uncertainties. Although Central Asia is not as dependent on gas imports as other parts of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, it has not been spared an energy crisis. Chronic underinvestment and the harshest winter conditions in decades resulted in significant blackouts in power and heating during the winter of 2022/23. -- This report analyzes the implications of the 2022/2023 energy crises over the short and long term, observing possible energy scenarios through 2060 in the Bank's ECA region and examining three key questions: -- What is the state of energy security in ECA in the wake of recent geopolitical events? -- What will it take to decarbonize the ECA energy system? -- What are the main uncertainties?
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rexer, Jonah Climate Change Adaptation: What does the Evidence Say?
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change Impacts ; Diversification ; Environment ; Meta-Analysis ; Public Goods ; Reallocation ; Technology Adoption ; Transfers
    Abstract: Adapting to climate change is an increasingly urgent policy priority in lower- and middle-income countries. This systematic review summarizes the current state of the literature on adaptation to climate change, and conducts a quantitative meta-analysis of the effectiveness of climate adaptation. The meta-analysis reveals that observed adaptations offset 46 percent of climate losses on average, with firms using more effective adaptation strategies than households and farmers. The review identifies several key lessons. First, purely private adaptations to climate shocks tend to be less effective than those from public infrastructure and services, although neither by itself is generally sufficient to fully offset the effects of climate change. Second, some adaptations may reduce climate losses in the present, but in the long-run, households, firms, and farmers might be better-served by reducing their climate exposure. Third, the literature tends to focus on adaptation by households and farmers, neglecting firms. Finally, productivity losses from climate shocks may be offset if capital and labor can adjust across sectors and locations, but constraints on these reallocations have not been sufficiently studied
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diakite, Maimouna Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of Govtech Platforms on Citizen Engagement
    Keywords: Citizen Engagement ; E-Government ; Governance ; Govtech ; Govtech Maturity Index ; Govtech Reform ; Public Sector Modernization
    Abstract: Countries worldwide are implementing GovTech reforms to modernize the public sector and achieve better performance while responding to citizens' needs. At its core, GovTech represents a whole-of-government approach to public sector modernization, which emphasizes three critical aspects: (i) citizen-centric public services that are universally accessible; (ii) a whole-of-government approach to digital government transformation; and (iii) simple, efficient, and transparent government systems. Within this context, strengthening citizen engagement is crucial to ensure accountability, improve public policy quality, and enhance service delivery. Accordingly, this study aims to be the first cross-country empirical assessment of the impact of GovTech platforms, which can allow citizens to: (i) participate in policy decision-making and (ii) provide feedback on public service delivery. Using a large sample of 176 countries, the study assesses the impact of the implementation of national platforms that allow citizens to participate more effectively. This research employs entropy balancing as the main identification strategy, as well as propensity score matching and ordinary least squares regressions on the matching sample as alternatives. Additional robustness checks were performed using alternative GovTech Maturity Index 2022 data and by considering the possibility of a slower diffusion of the technology. A sensitivity analysis, considering the role of governance, political and institutional factors, as well as the level of development, is likewise performed. The results show a significant and positive impact of GovTech platforms on citizen engagement. Similarly, democracy and the equal distribution of political power have strong and positive effects on citizen engagement. By contrast, public sector corruption negatively and significantly impacts citizen engagement. The findings also provide evidence that GovTech platforms are more effective in fostering citizen engagement in high-income economies and in countries where the government is efficient, institutional and social fragility is low, and there is no conflict or only low-intensity conflict. The results of an Africa-focused analysis indicate that African countries that have adopted such digital platforms likewise experience an increase in citizen engagement
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Health Study
    Keywords: CHVA ; Climate and Health ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Climate Change and Health ; Climate Change Impacts ; Environment ; Health Risks ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Vulnerability
    Abstract: The objective of this Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment (CHVA) is to assist decision-makers in Colombia with planning effective adaptation measures to deal with climate-related health risks. This assessment includes sub-national considerations for health-related climate action (see Annex A for the methodology). Sub-national considerations are given for Colombia's 32 departments (see Figure 1). It also incorporates data from a Climate and Health Economic Valuation conducted by the World Bank to estimate of the potential economic costs of health impacts arising from projected changes in temperature and precipitation (see Annex B for the methodology). The findings from this CHVA are organized under four sections. Section I characterizes the climatology in Colombia, highlighting observed and projected climate exposures relevant to health. Section II describes key climate-related risks to health, including nutrition and food security, vector-borne diseases (VDBs), water-borne diseases, increasing temperatures, air quality, and zoonotic diseases. Section III analyzes the adaptive capacity and readiness of Colombia's health system to prevent and manage climate-related health risks. Recommendations are discussed in Section IV
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  • 59
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Keywords: Demographics and Aging ; Economic Development ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Human Development and Gender ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Development Strategy and Policy ; Urban and Rural Development ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development
    Abstract: This report begins with an Executive Summary, which introduces the territorial development approach and the rationale for applying it in Lesotho's development context before going on to summarize key takeaways and recommendations. It is followed by four chapters: chapter 1, Introduction, lays out the country context, presenting in brief Lesotho's economic and demographic situation, population projections, governmental structure, and poverty profile and the government's goals. Chapter 2, territorial development framework and analysis in Lesotho, discusses the territorial development approach, its objectives, and the challenges it aims to address before presenting a customized 2 by 2 territorial framework for Lesotho and explaining how it can be applied. Chapter 3, analyzing Lesotho's Challenges through a Territorial Lens, lays out a spatial analysis centering on four development challenges: economic opportunities, internal connectivity and regional integration, access to basic services, and climate preparedness. To highlight the challenges, the chapter includes 4D heat maps linked to density, distance, disparity, and disaster risk. It also summaries case studies and real-life applications of the territorial development approach in Lesotho. Full case studies are in an annex. Chapter 4, recommendations, covers guiding principles and recommendations based on the territorial development approach and analysis
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Artisanal Coastal Fleet ; Blue Cabotage ; Blue Economy ; Blue Tourism ; Coastal and Marine Environment ; Environment ; Investment Projects ; STP
    Abstract: The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome e Principe (STP) is the smallest independent island state in Africa, having gained independence in 1975, following the Seychelles. STP has a predominantly young population. However, as an island micro-state, the country faces many development problems specific to islands and small countries, such as weak governance capacity, the inability to provide basic services to the population, and a lack of adequate infrastructure (ports, electricity, airports). Additionally, high production and distribution costs of goods and services, including food products, exacerbate the poverty level of the population. The virtually nonexistent corporate structure and undiversified, highly dependent economy make the country vulnerable to exogenous shocks. To address these challenges, STP developed and adopted a Transition Strategy for the Blue Economy in December 2019. This strategy aims to establish the coherence of public policies linked to oceanic resources with the policies of other sectors, such as fisheries and aquaculture, tourism, and energy. The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the analysis of the three investment projects prioritized for inclusion in the National Investment Plan for the Blue Economy. While the report does not imply endorsement of these projects by the World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), its primary objective is to illuminate the drivers of cost and benefit associated with the priorities already identified by the government of Sao Tome e Principe
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Environment ; Mena ; Natural Disasters ; Risk Management
    Abstract: The Algeria Disaster Risk Management Diagnostic was developed as part of World Bank technical assistance to the Algerian government. The diagnostic offers a concise overview of the country's disaster risk profile, delves into the macroeconomic implications of disasters, outlines Algeria's advancements in disaster risk management (DRM), and highlights ongoing challenges within the DRM sector. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Algeria's DRM sector and identify key priority areas to enhance the country's resilience. This diagnostic was developed through a robust partnership between the World Bank and the National Delegation for Major Risks (DNRM) under the Algerian Ministry of Interior, Local Authorities and Territorial Development (MICLAT) from 2021 to 2023. It represents the culmination of an extensive review of over 500 documents, a comprehensive multi-stakeholder consultation workshop conducted in July 2021, and bilateral interviews held between March and October 2021 with the DNRM and all DRM stakeholders in Algeria. An initial version was completed in November 2021, which was further refined in 2022 and 2023 based on feedback received from Algerian counterparts through additional discussions, email correspondences, and recommendations from World Bank experts
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  • 62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bauer, Adam Michael How Delayed Learning about Climate Uncertainty Impacts Decarbonization Investment Strategies
    Keywords: Adjustment Costs ; Carbon Policy and Trading ; Carbon Price ; Climate Change and Environment ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Climate Risk ; Environment ; Green Investment ; Stochastic Modeling
    Abstract: The Paris Agreement established that global warming should be limited to "well below" 2?C and encouraged efforts to limit warming to 1.5?C. Achieving this goal presents a significant challenge, especially given the presence of (i) economic inertia and adjustment costs, which penalize a swift transition away from fossil fuels, and (ii) climate uncertainty that, for example, hinders the ability to predict the amount of emissions that can be emitted before a given temperature target is passed, which is often referred to as the remaining carbon budget. This paper presents a modeling framework that explores optimal decarbonization investment strategy when both delayed learning about the remaining carbon budget and adjustment costs are present. The findings show that delaying learning about the remaining carbon budget impacts investment in three ways: (i) the cost of policy increases, especially when adjustment costs are present; (ii) abatement investment is front-loaded relative to the certainty policy; and (iii) the sectoral allocation of investment changes to favor declining investment pathways rather than bell-shaped paths. The latter effect is especially pronounced in hard-to-abate sectors, such as heavy industry. Each of the effects can be traced back to the carbon price distribution inheriting a "heavy tail" when the remaining carbon budget is learned later in the century. The paper highlights how climate uncertainty and adjustment costs combined result in a more aggressive least-cost strategy for decarbonization investment
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  • 63
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Environment ; Environmental Protection ; Policies ; Pollution ; Solid Waste ; Waste Management ; Water Supply and Sanitation
    Abstract: Today the world faces unprecedented challenges in waste management while the state of the municipal waste management sector globally is a matter of concern. To reverse current trends related to waste generation, pollution, and resource management, active collaboration between the various waste actors including governments, civil society, and the private sector will be required along with sustained behavior change. This compendium is designed to help decision-makers - including policy makers, policy professionals, and practitioners-investigate, understand, and respond to waste management challenges in their communities through interventions considering a behavioral science lens. The document contains short case studies that uncover and highlight where and what behavioral tools were applied along three main challenges, that is, getting people to generate less waste, getting people to use waste services, and getting people to be more sustainable with their waste
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rosenow, Samuel Kaspar Turning Risks into Reward: Diversifying the Global Value Chains of Decarbonization Technologies
    Keywords: Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Decarbonization ; Decarbonization Technologies ; Energy ; Energy Finance ; Environment ; Export Strength Index ; Global Value Chains ; Net-Zero Emissions
    Abstract: Reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 requires unprecedented scaling up in the global deployment of critical decarbonization technologies, such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and electric vehicles. This challenge is currently rife with both risks and rewards: while securing an adequate supply of these technologies has become an urgent policy priority for many countries, their high-growth global value chains also offer lucrative benefits for those able to meet the burgeoning global demand. Although recent policy responses have sought to nearshore production to reduce risks and capitalize on rewards, this paper instead lays out an evidence-based strategy to help diversify the global value chains of decarbonization technologies across countries with latent production capabilities and resource endowments. To that end, it constructs a new dataset of traded products, components, and materials associated with decarbonization technologies; develops new indexes capturing countries' current export strengths and future diversification potential in these global value chains; and highlights products with supply risks due to high market concentration levels and those with development rewards in terms of their potential for growth, knowledge spillovers, and technological upgrading. Taken together, the evidence supports the idea that there is plenty of opportunity to diversify these value chains across a larger number of countries to avoid the risks associated with reliance on only a few countries
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (41 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Giuliano, Fernando The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Shocks in Uruguay
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate Shocks ; Droughts ; Econometrics ; Economic Forecasting ; Environment ; Environmental Disasters and Degradation ; Floods ; Macro-Structural Model ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
    Abstract: Uruguay is an economy that is vulnerable to precipitation patterns, as evidenced during the country's historic 2022/23 drought. Yet, and despite its rich macroeconomic and climate data environment, the country does not have a consistent macroeconomic model to address the aggregate impact of climate shocks, let alone the expected additional impact from climate change. This paper intends to fill this gap by integrating climate shocks into the World Bank's Macro-Fiscal Model, its workhorse structural macroeconomic projection model. Building on existing country studies on the sectoral effects of droughts and floods, the analysis finds that the volatility of a simulated Uruguayan economy only subject to historical climate shocks reaches 22 percent of the historical volatility of gross domestic product. Moreover, as climate shocks are only one of many shocks that can simultaneously affect an economy, incorporating exogenous macroeconomic shocks into historical climate shocks exacerbates volatility and increases potential losses. Gross domestic product can fall by 2.3 percent under a combined negative climate and macroeconomic shock of the type witnessed once every six years on average, and 4.1 percent under a once-in-40-years combined negative shock. Climate change compounds these effects going forward, worsening the magnitude of the downside risks from droughts by between 18 and 30 percent, although estimates incorporating climate change are subject to large uncertainty. The order of magnitude of these effects calls for a more systematic consideration of climate shocks in macroeconomic projections and fiscal risk assessments for Uruguay
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; Gender Based Violence ; Gender Equality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nonextractive Sectors ; Resilience
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea has abundant resources in the form of oil and mineral wealth. But a complex set of factors, including systemic gender inequality, underinvestment in non-extractive sectors, and fragility compounded by vulnerability to disasters caused by natural hazards act as barriers to sustainable and inclusive growth of the country. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group support to Papua New Guinea between fiscal year FY08 and FY23. It assesses the Bank Group's development effectiveness in addressing the above three core themes, namely: (i) lack of investment in Papua New Guinea's non-extractive sectors and their poor performance, (ii) the economic exclusion of women and gender-based violence (GBV) issues associated with it, and (iii) unmitigated risks of disaster from natural hazards, and violence, and conflict. The report answers three specific questions. The first explores the extent to which the Bank Group adapted its engagement in line with key constraints, including in relation to development partners, changes in country context, and lessons from experience. The second focuses on the results of Bank Group support and explanatory factors for results under each them, answered by applying a gender lens where relevant. The third question explores the extent to which the Bank Group successfully identified and addressed conflict, violence, and disaster from natural hazards risks. The report offers key lessons to inform the World Bank Group's future engagement with the country: (i) Data gaps need to be addressed to inform sound policy making and effective programming in Papua New Guinea. (ii) Declining governance quality and increasing bilateral aid will require the World Bank to reassess how it supports key policy reforms to achieve development impact, including through using DPOs. (iii) The Bank Group could elevate its impact on gender equality and GBV by shifting from a project-centric approach to a strategic country engagement approach. (iv) The negative effects that compound and interrelated risks pose to achieving development aims need to be addressed more comprehensively
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Civil Registration and Identification ; Gender ; Governance ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Private Sector Development ; Public Administration ; Public Sector Development
    Abstract: In Ethiopia, women are 15 percentage points less likely than men to possess a kebele ID, the primary proof of identity document used in the country. This report unveils findings from a study that aims to grasp the reasons behind this gender gap in ID ownership and offers recommendations for overcoming these barriers in Fayda, the new digital ID system launched by the Government of Ethiopia in 2021. Executed by the World Bank in partnership with Ethiopia's National ID Program (NIDP), the study first uses statistical analysis of ID4D-Findex data to illustrate the nature of the ID ownership gap and its ramifications for women. Subsequently, through desk research and original qualitative data obtained from focus group discussions and key informant interviews, the report delves into four categories of potential reasons for the gap: legal and policy barriers, social and community barriers, economic and procedural barriers, and information and knowledge barriers. In the concluding section, the report offers three key recommendations for integrating gender inclusivity into the Fayda program, drawingfrom the research findings and inputs gathered from qualitative research participants
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  • 68
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Resilient Transport ; Decarbonization ; Environment ; Green Growth ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Road and Bridge Infrastructure
    Abstract: At five percent of energy emissions, transport is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Indonesia. The rapid growth in vehicle fleet-personal passenger vehicles in particular is driving road transport emissions. Indonesian cities are suffering from severe congestion, air quality issues, and increasing numbers of road accidents and fatalities. Private transport dependence is increasing in Indonesian cities. The growth in Indonesia's urban population has led to a growth in urban area boundaries, suboptimal spatial patterns, and increased travel distances. The availability and quality of public transport is highly deficient and largely left to fragmented unorganized players with old and poorly maintained minivans (angkot). Electric vehicle mobility has been identified as a major prospective area of development for Indonesia. The market response has been timid so far and, despite the government electrification plans, the EV market uptake as a fraction of total vehicle sales is small Large gains in both economic development and climate mitigation benefits are possible through a more structured approach towards urban mobility
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Business Environment ; E-Government ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Governance ; Innovation and Technology Privacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The Chinese government has a long-standing commitment to business environment and digital government reforms. China's online government-to-business (G2B) services have enhanced public service efficiency, accessibility, and transparency, creating a more favorable business environment. This note features a case study of the all-in-one online government service platform developed in Zhejiang Province, a subnational leader in promoting e-government and business environment reforms. Following general national guidelines, Zhejiang has been a leader in exploring innovations to promote digital government development and business environment reforms. Its reforms both demonstrate the effectiveness of a proactive approach to leveraging digital technologies for administrative efficiency and an improved user experience and highlight the positive impacts on the business environment
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; CPGA ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Preparedness ; Natural Disasters ; Primary Response ; Risk ; Social and Livelihood Support ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Crisis preparedness is cral to preventing shocks from becoming crises. Investments in ex ante preparedness are especially relevant in countries like Nepal that face high levels of exposure and vulnerability to a range of risks. In seeking to identify opportunities to strengthen the Government of Nepal's (GoN's) capacity to prepare for crisis events in an effective and timely manner, this Technical Annex presents findings from the application of the Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis (CPGA) diagnostic in the country. It provides details on findings and entry points across the five componnts of crisis preparedness. For a summary, please refer to the accompanying CPGA Nepal Briefing Note. Following a brief description of the CPGA methodology, the Technical Annex presents a summary of findings from each CPGA component alongside identification of entry points and opportunities to strengthen crisis preparedness in the country. To provide a holistic assessment of preparedness, the CPGA focuses on five core components of crisis preparedness. These are (i) Legal and Institutional Foundations, (ii) Understanding and Monitoring Risks, (iii) FinancialPreparedness, (iv) Primary Response, and (v) Social and Livelihood Support
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Urban Study
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Madagascar urbanization review
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; City Development Strategies ; Environment ; Government Capacity ; Integrated Approach ; Sustainable Urban Growth ; Urban Development ; Urban Policies ; Urbanization
    Abstract: The Madagascar Urbanization Review aims to: - Contribute to the 2019 National Policy for Urban Development (Politique National de Developpement Urbain), the main policy document outlining the priorities for cities in Madagascar. - Serve as a diagnostic tool to identify the key barriers to sustainable and equitable urban growth in the country - Offer a set of recommended investment priorities and their sequencing, to support governments in making informed decisions on the future development of cities. - Promote an integrated approach to urban development and improve government capacity. - Promote an integrated approach to urban development and improve government capacity. - Help city leaders and national policy makers to: i. Think strategically about the opportunities offered by urbanization; ii. Address key bottlenecks that are holding back the potential benefits of urbanization; iii. Develop plans to address cities' most pressing issues; and iv. Build consensus between the national and local levels to drive the urban policy agenda
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  • 72
    ISBN: 9783839469927 , 9783837669923
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 p.)
    Series Statement: VerKörperungen/MatteRealities - Perspektiven empirischer Wissenschaftsforschung
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Urban communities ; Urban & municipal planning ; Regional government ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Transformation ; Stadt ; Governance ; Postindustrielle Städte ; Policy-Instrumente ; Policy ; Essen ; Almada ; Malmö ; Brüssel ; Klimawandel ; Politik ; Natur ; Urban Studies ; Stadtplanung ; Kommunalpolitik ; Soziologie ; Sustainability ; City ; Post-industrial Cities ; Eating ; Brussels ; Climate Change ; Politics ; Nature ; Urban Planning ; Local Affairs ; Sociology ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Angesichts von Extremwetterereignissen, Klimaprognosen und Bewegungen wie Fridays for Future lässt sich schwer leugnen, dass ein Teil der Menschheit auf eine Weise lebt, die eine gut bewohnbare Welt höchst unwahrscheinlich macht. Städten wird in dieser Situation eine zentrale Rolle zugeschrieben. Sie können die Welt vor der Erderwärmung retten - oder sie sind die Ersten, die untergehen. Doch was genau wird getan, um Städte in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit zu transformieren? Britta Acksel nimmt Aktionspläne, Klimafestivals, Awards und weitere Transformationsinstrumente in den Blick. Ethnographisch fundiert zeigt sie auf, wie sich die Arbeit mit dieser speziellen Form von Policy-Werkzeugen gestaltet - und welche Bemühungen besonders aussichtsreich erscheinen
    Note: German
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9781509558278 , 9781509558285
    Language: English
    Pages: 260 Seiten
    Uniform Title: Les mondes de la santé publique
    Keywords: Public health ; Medical policy ; Medical ethics ; Public Health ; Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Governance
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers no.151
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Fiscal spending policies adopted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic have been presented as a unique opportunity to “build back better” and re-ignite the economy while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper analyses 1 166 funding measures announced by 51 countries and the European Union in 2020-21 to support development and diffusion of low-carbon technologies. These measures – amounting to USD 1.29 trillion – can make an important contribution to filling the climate investment gap, particularly in emerging technologies such as carbon capture, usage and storage and green hydrogen. A modelling analysis suggests that they could have large impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and bring about significant co-benefits in terms of clean sectors’ output growth and reductions in fossil fuel imports.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.43
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; Development
    Abstract: This paper explores the nexus between decarbonisation and intergovernmental fiscal relations, focusing on related challenges and reform options. It highlights the significant role of subnational governments in tackling climate change. Subnational and national governments share responsibilities in areas such as taxation, spending and regulation pertaining to environmental protection, as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, which calls for effective intergovernmental co-operation to align policy objectives and implementation strategies. The paper outlines decarbonisation requirements across sectors and discusses subnational government involvement in service delivery, investment, revenue generation and regulatory frameworks. Policy options to strengthen subnational contributions to national decarbonisation goals are presented. While focusing primarily on OECD countries, the paper acknowledges the need for improved information on subnational decarbonisation efforts in both advanced and developing countries.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (113 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.213
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energía renovable distribuida en Colombia : Desbloqueando la inversión privada para zonas no-interconectadas
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Colombia
    Abstract: Colombia has prioritised the use of renewable energy to expand and improve electricity services for its population in zones non-interconnected to the national grid. Recent policies and regulations have supported this ambition with successive measures to strengthen investment conditions for distributed renewable energy, like standalone solar photovoltaic (PV) solutions and hybrid solar PV mini-grids. Still, the distributed renewable energy market in non-interconnected zones is relatively immature, reflected by the high costs for connecting new users. New business and financing models will be critical to bringing down the cost of renewable energy technologies, accessing private equity and debt in larger volumes, and ultimately progressing towards replacing existing inefficient and polluting diesel generation systems. Building on international experiences, this paper discusses approaches to strengthening investment conditions, looking at support mechanisms and de-risking instruments used elsewhere, which can help bridge the financing gap in Colombia.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.33
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Risikomanagement ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: Representing approximately 12% of GDP across OECD countries, public procurement is an important pillar of public service delivery. However, successful public procurement is threatened by risks in areas as diverse as compliance, sustainability, and operations. Governments can address these challenges by identifying, assessing, treating, and monitoring risks throughout the procurement process. To do so, they use general tools such as risk registers and risk matrices, as well as more targeted measures aimed at specific challenges, such as supply chain risks. The procurement of complex goods, services and infrastructure involves different and often more consequential risks linked to market structures, the size and length of contracts, and the interconnected nature of decision making. In addressing this broad array of risks, the development of a national risk management strategy is a crucial step to ensure a co-ordinated and consistent approach.
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789264675650
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Erdölindustrie ; Gaswirtschaft ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: Today, oil and gas operations account for around 15% of total energy-related emissions globally, the equivalent of 5.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions. In the International Energy Agency’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, the emissions intensity of these activities falls by 50% by the end of the decade. Combined with the reductions in oil and gas consumption in this scenario, this results in a 60% reduction in emissions from oil and gas operations to 2030. Fortunately, oil and gas producers have a clear opportunity to address the problem of emissions from their activities through a series of ready-to-implement and cost-effective measures. These include tackling methane emissions, eliminating all non-emergency flaring, electrifying upstream facilities with low-emissions electricity, equipping oil and gas processes with carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies, and expanding the use of hydrogen from low-emissions electrolysis in refineries. Upfront investments totalling USD 600 billion would be required to halve the emissions intensity of oil and gas operations globally by 2030. This is only a fraction of the record windfall income that oil and gas producers accrued in 2022 – a year of soaring energy prices amid a global energy crisis. This report aims to inform discussions on these issues in the run-up to the COP28 Climate Change Conference in Dubai in November and is part of a broader World Energy Outlook special report to be released later in 2023 focusing on the role of the oil and gas industry in net zero transitions.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264736450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Testing and Assessment
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: IUCLID (International Uniform Chemical Information Database) is a software application designed to record, store, maintain and exchange data on chemicals. It is a key software application for both regulatory bodies and the chemical industry where it is used in the implementation of various regulatory programmes. IUCLID can be customised and configured to manage chemical data in different contexts and is a platform employing globally harmonised data elements pertinent to chemicals. It is continuously updated to provide greater customisation, extension and integration with other tools. This third edition provides the latest updates on IUCLID features and processes, including the use of PostgreSQL, an updated matrix view of the use of IUCLID in OECD countries, the new release schedule, and information on new tools to support the use of IUCLID (Data Uploader) and the IUCLID Customisation Forum.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264348370 , 9789264642966 , 9789264566835
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (134 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Reviews
    Keywords: Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Malta ; Öffentlicher Auftrag ; Malta ; Governance ; Malta
    Abstract: In Malta, public procurement accounted for approximately 6% of GDP in 2019 and is recognised as a strategic instrument for achieving government policy goals, including recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite recent efforts, the public procurement system still faces several challenges in several areas. This report provides an overview of the procurement system and tailored recommendations in six main areas: i) the organisational structure of the public procurement system, ii) public procurement processes, iii) risk management, iv) the strategic use of public procurement, v) the professionalisation of the procurement workforce, and vi) the performance measurement framework.
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (146 p.)
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Erneuerbare Energie ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The Clean Energy Transitions Programme 2022 (CETP) provides an overview of the programme’s major achievements in the last year. During this time, the CETP has driven forward an ambitious and impactful agenda, even as the world has contended with multiple overlapping crises. As just some examples, the CETP delivered the Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia , which ministers strongly welcomed at the G20, and has played a key role in shaping Indonesia’s landmark Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP). Similarly, the IEA has been able to take its engagement to a whole new level with various African countries, such as with its first-ever report on the Clean Energy Transitions in the Greater Horn of Africa , and provided policy advice that was directly accepted into China’s latest five-year plan. More broadly, it has also supported strategically important work on critical minerals, energy employment and clean energy investment. Overall, the CETP’s combination of data, insight, advice and capacity building is making a strong positive contribution to advancing clean energy transitions around the world – with a focus on emerging and developing economies. In the five years since its launch, the CETP has become the largest and most important programme at theInternational Energy Agency (IEA). It has been the main vehicle through which theIEA has established, deepened and strengthened partnerships with major nonmember countries – those countries that are at the forefront of the clean energytransition. The programme has also played a crucial role in enabling the IEA tostrengthen its global leadership role in clean energy transitions at a pace and scalethat would otherwise not have been possible, with great benefit to theprogramme’s focus countries and IEA member countries alike.
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264402492 , 9789264655652 , 9789264601932
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (295 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE sur la gouvernance publique
    Keywords: Governance ; Morocco
    Abstract: Dans un contexte marqué par une succession de crises globales et par des défis transverses de long terme, le Maroc s’est engagé dans la modernisation de l’administration et le renforcement du cadre et des outils de gouvernance. Ces efforts s’inscrivent plus largement dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du Nouveau Modèle de Développement, document stratégique de référence et de long terme au Maroc qui érige la réforme de l’administration en levier prioritaire pour atteindre une croissance durable et inclusive. Cet Examen analyse plusieurs domaines de la gouvernance publique identifiés conjointement avec le Maroc et qui sont essentiels pour répondre à ces défis tels que le cadre de gouvernance et son adaptation au contexte actuel, le cadre budgétaire, la gestion de la fonction publique, l’intégrité publique et l’intégration des questions d’égalité femmes-hommes dans la gouvernance publique. Il fournit des recommandations concrètes pour moderniser l’administration publique, améliorer sa performance et lui donner les capacités de mener et d’appuyer les efforts de réformes actuels et la mise en œuvre des priorités du gouvernement afin d’atteindre les objectifs de développement du pays.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Stahlindustrie ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The iron and steel sector accounts for almost 8% of global emissions, making it one of the highest emitting industry sectors with around 30% of industrial carbon emissions. Decarbonising the steel sector is therefore key to achieving climate goals. This report, prepared for the 2023 Japanese G7 Presidency, demonstrates that considering the heterogeneity of steel industries is vital for reaching climate goals and for a just and inclusive transition to a low-carbon future. The report maps the heterogeneity of global steel industries, highlighting the differences between them in key areas relevant to decarbonisation. Additionally, it examines how these differences should be considered when developing definitions for near-zero and low-emissions steel production, as well as emissions measurement methodologies and data collection frameworks.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Statistics Working Papers no.2023/02
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Economics
    Abstract: The System of Environmental Economic Accounting Central Framework (SEEA CF) was adopted in 2012. In one decade, it has expanded to 92 countries, including most OECD countries. However, there is still work to be done by national statistics producers to increase the use of SEEA statistics. This paper focuses on the SEEA stocks and flows accounts, providing examples of where they are already used to support public policy making in high-priority areas such as climate change, environmental sustainability, the circular economy, and management of ecosystems and freshwater, as well as feeding into indicators, dashboards and other frameworks. Although these examples show that SEEA statistics are already informing public policy making in many countries, there are still important “influence gaps”. The second part of this paper discusses why these gaps exist and what can be done about them.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.44
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Economics
    Abstract: This paper investigates the role of fiscal federalism in driving ecological transition, a key challenge in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals agenda. The ecological transition seeks a sustainable society that prioritises natural resource preservation and reduces environmental impacts. The study investigates the link between fiscal federalism institutions and ecological transition policies, focusing on regional and local governments’ role in implementing environmental goals. Despite subnational governments’ commitment to green objectives, comprehensive plan implementation has been limited due to local governments’ incentive schemes and capacity constraints. The paper examines the potential of fiscal federalism institutions, such as fiscal rules, transfers and capacity-building programs, to support ecological transition policies. The research emphasises engaging regional and local governments in the green agenda and highlights the need for tailored approaches in multi-level fiscal governance to effectively achieve environmental goals. By investigating fiscal federalism’s potential contribution to ecological transition, the paper offers valuable insights for policymakers addressing environmental challenges through a multi-level governance approach.
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264556928 , 9789264172746 , 9789264922945
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Environmental Policy and Household Behaviour
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comportement des ménages et environnement : Opérer des choix durables sur fond de crises interdépendantes
    Keywords: Privater Haushalt ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Nachhaltiger Konsum ; OECD-Staaten ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Household choices – such as what to eat, how to get to work and how to heat our homes – have significant implications for the environment. With the urgency of environmental action and the need to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns, making more sustainable choices holds great potential to reduce environmental impacts. Yet in the context of interlocking crises, governments face challenges in supporting households with policies that realise this potential. How Green is Household Behaviour? presents an overview of results from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change. The survey investigates household attitudes and behaviour with respect to energy, transport, waste and food systems. It was carried out across more than 17 000 households in 9 countries, including Belgium, Canada, Israel, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The data collected also include information on self-reported motivations and barriers to change, providing a unique source of empirical evidence to inform policy efforts to shift to more sustainable consumption patterns.
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264413528 , 9789264562684 , 9789264436701
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Keywords: Corporate Governance ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Asien ; Governance
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the current sustainability disclosure policies and practices, the responsibilities of company boards and shareholder rights in Asia. The report also presents current trends in corporate sustainability globally and in Asia based on the OECD Corporate Sustainability dataset. Importantly, climate change is one of the most critical sustainability matters currently facing companies in most Asian jurisdictions where companies that account for two-thirds of total market capitalisation are experiencing climate change related financial risks.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264573529 , 9789264952027 , 9789264962927
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (185 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Urban Studies
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Governance
    Abstract: Smart cities leverage technologies, in particular digital, to generate a vast amount of real-time data to inform policy- and decision-making for an efficient and effective public service delivery. Their success largely depends on the availability and effective use of data. However, the amount of data generated is growing more rapidly than governments' capacity to store and process them, and the growing number of stakeholders involved in data production, analysis and storage pushes cities data management capacity to the limit. Despite the wide range of local and national initiatives to enhance smart city data governance, urban data is still a challenge for national and city governments due to: insufficient financial resources; lack of business models for financing and refinancing of data collection; limited access to skilled experts; the lack of full compliance with the national legislation on data sharing and protection; and data and security risks. Facing these challenges is essential to managing and sharing data sensibly if cities are to boost citizens' well-being and promote sustainable environments.
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  • 89
    ISBN: 9789264704350 , 9789264381506 , 9789264555617
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Gewalt ; Häusliche Gewalt ; Frauen ; Prävention ; Kriminalitätsbekämpfung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance
    Abstract: An alarming number of women and girls become victims/survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) at least once during their lifetime. While GBV has garnered more attention from policymakers in recent years, and has become a top gender-equality priority for OECD countries, significant challenges remain in all countries. This report promotes a comprehensive approach to breaking the cycle of GBV by combining insights from recent OECD work with robust evidence from surveys and questionnaires conducted in OECD Member countries. It offers recommendations for a comprehensive OECD GBV Governance Framework encompassing laws and access to justice, transforming restrictive gender norms, and integrating service delivery to prevent, address and - ultimately - end this violation of human rights.
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9789264627376 , 9789264507371 , 9789264452107
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Tax Morale: What Drives People and Businesses to Pay Tax?
    Keywords: Taxation ; Development ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Découvrir ce qui motive le civisme fiscal - la volonté intrinsèque de payer l'impôt - peut grandement aider les gouvernements à concevoir des politiques fiscales et à les administrer, en particulier dans les pays en développement où les taux de conformité sont faibles. Ce rapport s'appuie sur des recherches antérieures de l'OCDE pour identifier certains des principaux moteurs socio-économiques et institutionnels du civisme fiscal dans les pays en développement, et cherche à vérifier les preuves du contrat social en examinant l'impact des services publics sur le civisme fiscal. Il utilise également de nouvelles données sur la certitude fiscale comme point d'entrée pour explorer le civisme fiscal des entreprises, où la recherche existante est très limitée. Enfin, le rapport identifie une série de facteurs liés au système fiscal susceptibles d'affecter la prise de décision des entreprises, la manière dont ils varient d'une région à l'autre, et suggère quelques domaines de recherche future. Dans l'ensemble, le rapport fournit une série de suggestions pour la poursuite des travaux et la manière dont les considérations relatives au civisme fiscal peuvent être intégrées dans des stratégies holistiques de conformité fiscale.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.65
    Keywords: Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Governance
    Abstract: This paper takes stock of the institutional set-ups, mechanisms and practices used by governments, and in particular centres of government, to steer climate change policy. To respond effectively to climate change, governments need decision-making and co-ordinating processes that reflect the complexity and pressing nature of the climate crisis, the multitude of stakeholders involved, and the need to balance between short-term and long-term policy objectives. With their unique positioning, centres of government in OECD Member countries often play a crucial role in providing leadership and co-ordination for climate policy. The first part of this paper identifies the institutional arrangements, mandates and skillsets of centres of government for climate-related action. The second part analyses the centre's stewardship role at different stages of the policy cycle, touching on strategic planning, co-ordination, the development of evidence-informed policies, and monitoring as well as overall efforts to "green" public administrations.
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.42
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: This paper presents the first estimates of the OECD project "Towards a pilot dashboard of SME greening and green entrepreneurship indicators", which is part of broader work of the OECD Committee on SMEs and Entrepreneurship (CSMEE) to support governments in making SMEs active players in the green transition. The paper first explains the rationale behind this measurement exercise, which relates to the importance of monitoring carbon emissions and energy consumption in the business sector, including SMEs, as governments strive to achieve their climate objectives. Thereafter, it gives an overview of the project methodology to produce estimates on the environmental footprint of SMEs. Finally, it presents the first estimates for the first five dashboard indicators: i) SME share of greenhouse gas emissions in the business sector; ii) SME share of energy consumption in the business sector; iii) SME greenhouse gas emissions (carbon) intensity; iv) SME energy intensity; v) SME energy price burden The paper also presents evidence on real SME electricity and gas consumption in Denmark thanks to pilot work with Statistics Denmark. A final Annex explains the project methodology in detail.
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers no.3
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Regulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Governance
    Abstract: In 2019, the OECD Council adopted the Recommendation on Artificial Intelligence (the "OECD AI Principles"). These include five values-based principles and five recommendations for OECD countries and adhering partner economies to promote responsible and trustworthy AI policies. This report takes stock of initiatives launched by countries worldwide to implement the OECD AI Principles which were reported to the OECD.AI Policy Observatory as of May 2023. It provides an overview of national AI strategies, including their oversight and monitoring bodies, expert advisory groups, as well as their monitoring and evaluation frameworks. It also discusses the various regulatory approaches that countries are adopting to ensure AI trustworthiness, such as ethics frameworks, AI-specific regulations, and regulatory sandboxes. Additionally, the report offers policy examples for each of the ten OECD AI Principles to facilitate cross-learning among policymakers.
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Series on Adverse Outcome Pathways no.31
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The cardiovascular system is the first functional organ system to develop in the vertebrate embryo, reflecting its critical role during normal development and pregnancy. This Adverse Outcome Pathway focuses on the regulation and disruption of vasculogenesis-angiogenesis during embryonic development via disruption of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. This pathway is a critical regulatory system for assembly of embryonic blood vessels. Genetic studies have shown that perturbing the VEGF signaling system can invoke varying degrees of adverse consequences, ranging from congenital angiodysplasia to fetal malformations and embryolethality. This AOP is referred to as AOP 43 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki).
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.63
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: This working paper discusses strategic foresight initiatives and methodologies that support decision making and process design. It highlights case studies, international benchmarks, and best practices, as well as methodological recommendations and options for promoting the adoption and use of strategic foresight in government. The paper has four sections, each centred on a critical action to improve decision making through strategic foresight: (i) framing strategic foresight, (ii) building its fundamental components in governments, (iii) fine-tuning foresight interventions to specific contexts, and (iv) undertaking concrete activities to solve specific policy challenges. Given its exploratory nature, this working paper and its proposals should be seen as contributing to ongoing debates about the use of strategic foresight for decision making in government. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to help governments become more proactive and prospective.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (82 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.221
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Several efforts have been made to track progress on environmental innovations using very different approaches. However, many lack coverage, granularity, timeliness and may involve high data collection costs, especially when conducted on a large scale. Traditional indicators also overlook commercialised innovation and breakthrough innovation. This issue is particularly relevant for environmental innovation, where scaling-up is considered key to address the climate, biodiversity and pollution crises. The paper reviews potential metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation and to measure breakthrough environmental innovation. By comparing advantages and drawbacks of various options, the paper selects two families of metrics to measure commercialised climate change-related innovation: one based on patent assignments and the other one based on licensing agreements. For breakthrough environmental innovation, the paper concludes that a family of metrics based on venture capital data is currently the most promising option to pursue. The paper then develops the selected new metrics and provides trends in environmental innovation over time, across sectors and when possible across countries. The paper concludes that additional data sources should be explored to extend the application of the proposed new metrics in more countries and consider a more comprehensive set of supports to innovation.
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  • 97
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Public Governance Policy Papers no.34
    Keywords: Regierung ; Politik ; Koordination ; Rumänien ; Governance ; Romania
    Abstract: Governments operate in an increasingly volatile environment, marked by disruptive crises and cross-cutting policy challenges. This context has highlighted the importance centres of government (CoG) in setting up effective co-ordination systems, capable of developing and implementing coherent, whole-of-government responses to immediate threats, while steering the country towards a sustainable and resilient future. This policy paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current legal, organisational and policy framework and practices in Romania as they relate to policy co-ordination, within the CoG and between the CoG and ministries. It also provides recommendations for consolidating the General Secretariat of the Government's capacity and role in policy development and co-ordination, to improve the coherence of government action and, ultimately, achieve government priorities and commitments.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264647817 , 9789264463424 , 9789264318878
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2023
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Les Principes de gouvernance d'entreprise du G20 et de l'OCDE aident les responsables de l'action publique à évaluer et améliorer le cadre juridique, réglementaire et institutionnel régissant la gouvernance d'entreprise. Ils identifient les éléments clés d'un cadre solide de gouvernance d'entreprise et fournissent des conseils pratiques pour sa mise en œuvre au niveau national. Les Principes formulent également des orientations à l'intention des places boursières, des investisseurs, des entreprises et d'autres acteurs qui jouent un rôle dans l'élaboration de bonnes pratiques de gouvernance d'entreprise.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264387836 , 9789264585829 , 9789264486997
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Costa Rica 2023
    Keywords: Energy ; Development ; Environment ; Governance ; Costa Rica
    Abstract: En tant que pays mégadivers, le Costa Rica est connu dans le monde entier pour avoir réussi à inverser la déforestation et à poursuivre un modèle de croissance fondé sur l'utilisation durable de ses ressources environnementales. Cependant, la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre qui en découlent ont augmenté au cours de la dernière décennie. Les voitures particulières sont une source majeure et croissante d'émissions affectant le climat et la qualité de l'air. L'élimination des déchets repose encore sur les décharges et une grande partie des eaux usées n'est pas traitée. Le vaste réseau de zones protégées du Costa Rica et son programme pionnier de paiement pour les services écosystémiques ont contribué à réduire la perte de biodiversité et à accroître la capacité de séquestration du carbone par les forêts. Toutefois, davantage doit être fait pour lutter contre les pressions exercées sur la biodiversité par le développement des infrastructures et des établissements humains, le tourisme, l'agriculture et la pêche. L'ampleur des investissements nécessaires pour atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable exige d'améliorer l'efficacité des dépenses publiques, de mobiliser les financements privés, d'appliquer strictement les réglementations et de fournir des incitations adéquates. Il s'agit du premier Examen des performances environnementales du Costa Rica par l'OCDE. Il évalue les progrès réalisés par le pays en matière de développement durable, avec un chapitre spécial consacré à la biodiversité, et fournit 52 recommandations. La présente version abrégée contient le résumé, de même que l'évaluation et les recommandations officielles du rapport.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264745353 , 9789264628809 , 9789264612327
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (432 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Governance ; Netherlands
    Abstract: Low-emission hydrogen is expected to play an important role in the energy transition to tackle the climate crisis. It can decarbonate "hard-to-abate" sectors still relying on fossil fuels, turn low-carbon electricity into a fuel that can be transported using pipelines and provide a green transport alternative, in particular for heavy-duty and long-distance transport. Given its potential to combat climate change, it can allow for a net reduction in societal risks if managed responsibly. However, while its potential is widely acknowledged, its application is not yet meeting ambitions. Regulation is crucial to facilitate its application and ensure its safety. This report analyses trends, risks, and regulation of hydrogen technologies across economies. It supports the use of low-emission hydrogen as part of the energy transition, by making recommendations for effective risk-based regulation, regulatory delivery and governance.
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