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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-14
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 15 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Academic Values, Institutional Management and Public Policies
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-14
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Si les impacts sur l’enseignement supérieur des politiques et des revenus liés au marché ne sont pas uniformes, la mondialisation a toutefois exposé la plupart des établissements à de nouvelles pressions. Les modèles de financement public élaborés il y a 50 ans ont sous-estimé le coût total de l’enseignement supérieur de masse en tant que droit pour tous, tandis que la quantité des ressources nécessaires pour maintenir une université de recherche polyvalente exige, pour la majorité des établissements, un équilibre plus nuancé entre recherche et enseignement. Ces mêmes pressions menacent l’accès équitable si l’augmentation des frais de scolarité n’est pas compensée en totalité par une aide financière adaptée et fondée sur les besoins, alors même qu’en l’absence de pressions sur les frais de scolarité, l’accroissement de la participation non consolidée des étudiants nuit à la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur. Dans ce contexte, la hausse des besoins en financement est souvent justifiée par des objectifs utilitaires affectant les ambitions de la recherche et de la mission professorale et corrompant l’équilibre de l’évolution des programmes d’études. En revanche, l’élargissement de la gamme de sources de revenus disponibles engendre des occasions pour les établissements de fixer des priorités plus créatives et moins réglementées. Les impacts potentiels des intérêts privés sur l’enseignement supérieur sont bien connus mais une dépendance au financement par l’État – dépendance souvent singulière et témoignant d’une certaine vulnérabilité politique – peut être à même de détourner les valeurs universitaires. Au moment où les établissements d’enseignement supérieur clarifient leurs valeurs afin de faire front aux pressions mondiales pour fournir un enseignement supérieur de masse et pour satisfaire les besoins de l’économie du savoir, ils doivent également remplir leur rôle de pôles d’imagination, d’innovation, de débat, de scepticisme et de questionnement. Ces valeurs sont elles aussi essentielles à l’heure où les décideurs de l’enseignement supérieur cherchent à se confronter aux évolutions qu’ils doivent eux-mêmes instaurer dans leurs établissements.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264032545
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Belgium 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Belgium 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: Ce Rapport détaille les moyens mis en œuvre par la Belgique pour appliquer la Convention de l’OCDE sur la lutte contre la corruption.
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264030688
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (152 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: Ireland’s remarkable economic growth over the last 15 years had strong effects on the energy sector. Due to rapidly increasing demand, Ireland has become much more dependent on international energy markets than it was in the past. This review analyses the energy challenges facing Ireland and suggests solutions, focusing on moving ahead with market reform and increasing the energy efficiency of the Irish economy. Establishing the “All-Island” electricity market will be of critical importance. Sharper focus on energy efficiency in all sectors of the economy, but in particular in transport and buildings, must be a priority. Finally, to achieve its ambitious goals for renewables in energy supply, Ireland will have to provide ample resources for research and development, to allow technologies such as ocean power to move from the laboratory to the market.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264038124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.16
    Serie: SourceOECD
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Fundamental reform of corporate income tax
    Paralleltitel: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Réforme fondamentale de l'impôt sur les bénéfices des sociétés
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Fundamental reform of corporate income tax
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Körperschaftsteuer ; Steuerreform ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Unternehmen ; Steuerrecht ; Körperschaftsteuerreform
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264031128
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (270 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Belgique 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Belgique 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: This comprehensive review of Belgium's environmental policies and programmes examines the full range of issues including air and water management, nature and biodiversity management, climate change, sustainable development, environmental taxation, environmental policy, and international co-operation. It includes a statistical annex containing key environmental data.
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  • 6
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 86 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Performance-based Arrangements for Senior Civil Servants OECD and other Country Experiences
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Quels liens peuvent exister entre les systèmes d’évaluation axés sur les performances individuelles et les méthodes de gestion des performances à des niveaux plus élevés, par exemple à l’échelle d’organismes ou de programmes? Le but consiste à livrer des indications et des enseignements concrets sur les systèmes de mesure des performances des hauts fonctionnaires, à partir des expériences de différents pays et de praticiens, et sur la place à attribuer à ces cadres dirigeants au sein de ce qui pourrait constituer un système intégré de gestion de la performance. Le rapport s’adresse à la fois aux pays qui s’emploient actuellement à adopter ces méthodes, et à ceux qui désirent améliorer les systèmes en vigueur.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9264039422
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Radioactive Waste Management
    Serie: Radioactive waste management
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg. u.d.T. Radioactive waste management in Spain
    Schlagwort(e): Konferenzschrift
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 87-104
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 87-104
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: In November 2006, the OECD Steering Group on Corporate Governance initiated a study of the role of privately organised pools of capital (“alternative investment vehicles”) in corporate governance. With a rapid increase in the size of transactions and investments, and partly due to differences in corporate governance frameworks and company structures, there has been a growing public interest in private equity firms and “activist” hedge funds. The Steering Group agreed that the distinct corporate governance aspects that emerge in these discussions required special attention based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (OECD Principles). This Report summarises the main conclusions reached by the Steering Group in April 2007, including the findings of a factual review that were taken into consideration. On the basis of available evidence, the Steering Group concluded that “activist” hedge funds and private equity firms could help strengthen corporate governance practices by increasing the number of investors that have the incentive to make active and informed use of their shareholder rights. It was agreed that, from a corporate governance perspective, there was no need to promote a special set of principles for private equity firms and “activist” hedge funds, but that the opportunities and challenges that follow from their ownership strategies should instead be analysed within the general framework of the OECD Principles, also taking into account existing voluntary standards established and promoted by the industry.
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Role of Compensation in Policy Reform
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Lorsque les pouvoirs publics réforment les politiques en vigueur, c’est pour améliorer leur efficacité et répondre à l’évolution des priorités sociales. La réforme suscite des résistances lorsque le fait qu’elle risque de pénaliser certaines catégories de la population suscite des inquiétudes ou lorsqu’elle a des incidences négatives sur d’autres objectifs de l’action publique. L’indemnisation est une réponse à ces résistances, qui peut lever les obstacles à la réforme et favoriser ainsi l’ajustement en accélérant son cours, mais elle risque elle-même d’entraver le processus de réforme si elle occulte les signaux du marché qui incitent à l’ajustement. Non seulement l’indemnisation n’est pas toujours nécessaire ni appropriée, mais elle ne devrait pas être considérée comme un préalable à la réforme.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264034020
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: These Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding (hereafter the “Principles and Guidelines”) provide broad policy recommendations to the governmental science policy and funding bodies of member countries on access to research data from public funding. They are intended to promote data access and sharing among researchers, research institutions, and national research agencies, while at the same time, recognising and taking into account, the various national laws, research policies and organisational structures of member countries...
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  • 11
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Adjustment Options and Strategies in the Context of Agricultural Policy Reform and Trade Liberalisation
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Réduire le soutien distorsif dans le cadre d’une réforme de la politique agricole accroît l’efficience économique dans son ensemble par l’amélioration de l’affectation des ressources. L’ajustement peut néanmoins avoir des effets préjudiciables sur certains ménages agricoles et sur d’autres acteurs du secteur, notamment à court terme. Il peut également y avoir des répercussions négatives en amont et en aval, ainsi que sur les régions tributaires de produits dont les prix et la production diminuent à mesure que le soutien et la protection sont réduits. Malgré la nécessité de procéder à des réformes pour respecter les engagements commerciaux multilatéraux et bilatéraux et pour faire face aux contraintes budgétaires, ces effets préjudiciables sont l’une des principales raisons pour lesquelles les pouvoirs publics ont du mal à réformer leurs politiques.
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  • 12
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.569
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Lutter contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale en France
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France
    Kurzfassung: Reducing poverty and social exclusion is an important objective for all French governments. Even though conventionally measured poverty is in fact lower than in most other countries, it is still higher than can be easily accepted. The current policy approach involves a large number of measures tailored to different circumstances. Some policies have unwanted side effects on labour market performance, and their cost-effectiveness could be improved to obtain better outcomes with the same resources. Concentrations of poverty and social exclusion in certain geographic areas and among certain groups of the population provide one of the most difficult challenges, for which contributions from education, labour market, housing, urban planning and anti-discrimination policies, as well as from the social services, are necessary. This Working Paper relates to the 2007 OECD Economic Survey of France (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), and is also available in French under the title “Lutter contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale en France”.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 69-151
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 84 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Renforcer une concurrence profitable dans les professions de santé
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 69-151
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Health professions are overseen by an array of rules and regulations that are justified by the need to protect consumers from unqualified practitioners. The most common method of ensuring practitioner quality is professional licensure. Because health care expertise is necessary to establish the appropriate program of study, training, and examination for new professionals, a licensed profession often directly or indirectly controls its own licensure rules. In this process of selfregulation, a profession exercises its legitimate interest in maintaining the quality of its members. But a self-regulating profession also has the potential to abuse its control over who can practice and how they practice in order to enhance member income.
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  • 14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.127
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of the evolution towards fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) and of some related regulatory and policy issues such as numbering and interconnection.
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  • 15
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264061859
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Serie: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 5
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Essai n 502 ; Métabolisme dans les cultures en rotation
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Essai n 502: Métabolisme dans les cultures en rotation
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Metabolism in rotational crops studies are conducted to determine the nature and amount of pesticide residue uptake in rotational crops that are used as human food or as livestock feed. The provide an estimate of total radioactive residues in the various raw agricultural commodities (RACs); identify the major components of the terminal residue in the various RACs; elucidate the degradation pathway of the active ingredient in rotated crops; provide data to determine appropriate rotational intervals and/or rotational crop restrictions based on residue uptake levels; provide information for determining if limited field trials for rotational crops should be performed. The active ingredient should be labelled, to allow for quantification; the preferred radioisotope is 14C, although 32P, 35S can be used. The study should be performed using a sandy loam soil treated with the radiolabelled test substance. The study may be performed either in a greenhouse or in an outdoor plot or container or a combination of the two. Three appropriate rotational intervals should be used (7-30 days for rotated crops, 60-270 days to reflect a typical rotation after harvest of the primary crop and 270-365 days for crops rotated the following year). Three Rotational crops should be used and be representative of each of the following crop groupings: root and tuber vegetable; small grain; and leafy vegetable.
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  • 16
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.54
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.54
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This report proposes an analysis of the mutually reinforcing relationship between trade, investment and competition policies and how together they impact trade in developing countries. An index of pro-competitive reforms is provided for 82 countries over the period 2001-2005. The index synthesises 13 indicators of the policy stance of countries with regard to trade, investment and competition. It is then used in quantitative analysis to determine the impact of barriers to competitive markets on trade. The results shows that there are substantial gains for developing countries in market and regulatory reforms in terms of higher trade flows and higher income per capita. Moreover, the paper further examines pro-competitive reforms in key services sectors and the extent to which trade agreements can promote them through the experience of the WTO telecoms Reference Paper. The analysis highlights that countries achieved a high degree of liberalisation in the telecoms sector and that regulatory principles of the Reference Paper were useful in promoting sound policies under domestic regulatory reforms of the sector.
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  • 17
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/17
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Statistical trends of oil intensity from individual countries and groups of countries show that an average increase of GDP of 3% per annum equates to a projected demand for liquids of 101 Million barrels per day (Mbpd) by the year 2030. This analysis shows that this demand cannot be fulfilled by production from current reserves and expected new discoveries. Two models to assess peaks in production of oil are considered: the depletion model (DM), and the giant field model (GFM). The DM model shows Peak Oil (the maximum rate of production) date in the year 2011 with 90 Mbpd. Adding GFM we develop a “Worst Case” scenario of a plateau in production for the next 5 to 7 years at a rate of 84 Mbpd. A more optimistic case in the “Giant High Case” scenario is a peak in 2012 at 94 Mbpd. A less steep increase demand can move the peak to 2018. Both models show an oil production rate of the order of 50 to 60 Mbpd by 2030. The demand for oil from countries that are importers is forecast to increase from current import levels of 50 Mbpd to 80 Mbpd. Saudi Arabia, Russia and Norway, today’s largest oil exporters, will experience a decline in their export volumes of the order of 4 to 6 Mbpd by 2030 because of (what?). The projected shortfall cannot be offset by exports from other regions. In a business-as-usual case, the shortage of fossil fuel liquids for transportation will be substantial by the year 2030. The necessary decisions for the economic transformation required to mitigate this decline in available oil supply should already have been made and efforts to deploy solutions under way. We have climbed high on the “Oil Ladder” and yet we must descend one way or another. It may be too late for a gentle descent, but there may still be time to build a thick crash mat to cushion the fall.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 191-233
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 52 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Environmental policy, management and R&D
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 191-233
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Les auteurs tiennent à exprimer toute leur gratitude à Chris Heady (Direction des affaires financières et des entreprises de l’OCDE) et Dirk Pilat (Direction de la science, de la technologie et de l’industrie) pour leurs précieuses remarques sur une version antérieure de cet article. Ils souhaitent par ailleurs remercier de leurs contributions tous leurs autres collègues du projet de l’OCDE intitulé « Politique d’environnement et gestion d’entreprise ». (Voir Johnstone 2006 pour une liste exhaustive des personnes ayant collaboré à ce projet, ainsi que des autres résultats auxquels il a abouti.) Les lumières de Toshi Arimura (Département d’économie, Sophia University, Japon) dans le domaine de la recherchedéveloppement ont en particulier été d’une extrême utilité.
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  • 19
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.52
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Telecommunications in Latin America: Can Multinationals Fill the Gaps?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: En Amérique latine, l’investissement étranger dans les télécommunications se chiffre à plus de 110 milliards de dollars depuis 1990. Seuls des marchés concurrentiels et des politiques favorisant l’accès aux télécommunications peuvent réduire l’écart de connectivité entre riches et pauvres.
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.549
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Iceland
    Kurzfassung: This paper discusses recent developments and policy issues relating to financial markets in Iceland. Overall, the sector is thriving, both relative to history and to conditions in other countries. This bodes well not only for those directly involved in the industry but for the country as a whole, as financial development is an important source of economic growth. Recently concerns have been expressed about the stability of the financial system; however the guarded assessment...
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Redéfinir la concurrence de manière constructive : Les enjeux de la privatisation, de la concurrence et d'une politique publique fondée sur le marché aux États-Unis
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-17
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United States
    Kurzfassung: In the United States, the relationship between state governments and public colleges and universities is being redefined with new notions of autonomy and accountability, and with funding policies that are highly market-driven (often referred to as “privatisation”) as the centrepieces. Situations and institutional strategies unthinkable only a few years ago are becoming increasingly commonplace. For instance, a few business and law schools at public institutions are moving toward privatisation, distancing themselves from both the states and their parent universities. While American higher education has traditionally been competitive and market driven, emerging state market-based policies, which will clearly benefit some types of institutions over others, are further intensifying the competition with a variety of effects at the institutional and sector levels. Entrepreneurial or commercial activities may provide the additional resources individual institutions need to fulfil their public purpose. However, when all institutions pursue the same set of competitive strategies, no one gains an advantage. Institutions run harder to stay in place. The cumulative effect of competition may also work against important social objectives such as affordability and access. This paper explores the challenges that the current competitive environment creates for institutional leaders in the United States. It acknowledges that the competitive environment will not abate and suggests that by competing in different ways, over different objectives, with different purposes, US higher education might better meet its social objectives of increased access, lower cost and enhanced quality.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.572
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: The Austrian economy has benefited substantially from the expansion of economic ties with Central and Eastern Europe, which has provided a significant boost to growth, productivity, competitiveness, profits and (more controversially) aggregate employment. Indeed, among the older EU member states, Austria has benefited the most from the transition of the Central and Eastern European countries from planned economies to market economies, and the subsequent entry into the EU of the ten new member states, mostly from Central and Eastern Europe, in 2004. However, important segments of the population in Austria, and in particular low-skilled and semi-skilled workers in the manufacturing sector, appear to have been adversely affected by these developments. There is thus a need for policy measures to help those segments of the workforce that have had difficulty coping with growing competition from Central and Eastern Europe. Furthermore, more can be done to make Austria a more attractive location for highly skilled and well qualified expatriate workers and to maintain Vienna’s position as a central hub for multinationals operating in the region. These include, in particular, the need to strengthen eastern transportation links and to reduce to a minimum bureaucratic hurdles and red tape for foreign enterprises seeking to operate out of Vienna.
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  • 23
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264028456
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (168 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD e-Government Studies
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD e-Government Studies; Turkey (Turkish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD e-Government Studies: Turkey (Turkish version)
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Turkey
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    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Türkei ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: Turkey’s e-government efforts received new emphasis in the last three years. The election of a new government brought forward an agenda including public sector modernisation using e-government. Turkey has since made considerable progress with e-government. This review identifies several strategic opportunities. One opportunity is to stimulate the provision of e-services and e-commerce by increasing access to high-speed Internet throughout the country. A second opportunity is to skip the initial stages of e-government applications -- characterised by isolated islands of development -- and instead promote a more “joined up” government. A third opportunity is to use the existing base of 46 million mobile telephones as a communication channel between the government and its citizens. The review also identifies several major challenges. One challenge is bridging the digital divide between urban and rural populations, men and women, and young and old. A second challenge is public sector modernisation in terms of increased transparency and accountability. A third challenge is making sure that investments in e-government are valuable, i.e. that benefits are larger than costs.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264009103
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (166 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation ; Suède 2007 ; Créer les conditions d'une croissance soutenue
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation : Suède 2007 : Créer les conditions d'une croissance soutenue
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Sweden
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Regulierung ; Schweden ; Governance ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: This review analyses the Swedish institutional framework for better regulation. In recent years Sweden has made a remarkable recovery, benefiting from deregulation efforts undertaken in the early to mid 1990s. Sweden places a strong emphasis on high standards of social welfare and a strong governance framework, which foster consensus. To preserve its ambitious social and environmental goals, Sweden needs to maintain its strong economic performance. A number of challenges should be addressed, such as the labour market, the performance of the public sector and the strengthening of competition. Entrepreneurship also should be stimulated, and further efforts have to be made to reduce administrative burdens. To create momentum for reform, Sweden needs to promote a strategic vision, improve the process for impact assessment, and strengthen co-ordination between national and local levels of government. The benefits of reform need to be more widely understood by all stakeholders and citizens. Regulatory reform will help Sweden take advantage of globalisation and technological innovation, and meet the demands of citizens for high-quality public services. Sweden is one of many OECD countries to request a broad review by the OECD of its regulatory practices and reforms. This review presents an overall picture, set within a macroeconomic context, of regulatory achievements and challenges including regulatory quality, competition policy, and market openness. Its special focus is on regulatory governance across levels of government as well as environmental policy. In the same series: Canada Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Mexico Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Spain Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9789264031623
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE ; Rapport sur le Japon 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur le Japon 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: This report describes what Japan is doing to implement the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264027350
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (148 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Policies for a better environment
    DDC: 333.7
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Environment ; Osteuropa ; Kaukasus ; Zentralasien ; Umweltpolitik
    Kurzfassung: In 2003, the Ministers of Environment of the 12 countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), together with their partners in the “Environment for Europe” process, adopted the EECCA Environment Strategy. This book provides a review of progress in achieving the Strategy's objectives, and provides a solid analytical base for discussions on future environmental co-operation between EECCA countries and their partners. Part I of the book looks at progress across the area on such strategic objectives as pollution prevention and control and environmental policy integration. Part II provides country profiles.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-48
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The environmental safety/risks of transgenic organisms are normally based on the information on the characteristics of the host organism, the introduced traits, the environment into which the organism is introduced, the interaction between these, and the intended application. The OECD’s Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on identifying parts of this information, which could be commonly used in countries for environmental safety/risk assessment to encourage information sharing and prevent duplication of effort among countries. Biosafety Consensus Documents are one of the major outputs of its work.
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  • 28
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les liens entre l'image de marque et l'évolution des organisations
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-17
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Increased national and international competition within higher education has triggered an interest in branding within the sector. Higher education institutions are, as a consequence, currently re-examining their profile and image. This article addresses the problems higher education institutions face in this process, and points to the benefits and dangers of branding as a strategy for survival in the higher education market. The aim of the article is to investigate the potential relationship between branding and organisational change. Drawing on recent insight into organisational theory, we discuss how branding, a process of linking organisational identity and the external image of a given organisation, can enhance institutional development and stimulate organisational change. We conclude that while a branding process with these characteristics is necessarily incremental and on-going, it can also maintain the social responsibility of higher education even in a period when the sector is becoming an industry.
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  • 29
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.543
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents composite indicators of the institutional and policy characteristics of educational systems, collated from the questionnaire responses of 26 Member countries. These indicators provide an overview of the institutional framework in the primary and secondary education sector and are constructed so as to be used for the analysis of international differences in spending efficiency. The key features of the institutional setting in the non-tertiary education sector are grouped under three headings: i) the ability to prioritise and allocate resources efficiently (through decentralisation and mechanisms matching resources to specific needs); ii) the efficiency in managing spending at the local level (through outcome-focused policies and managerial autonomy), and iii) the efficiency in service provision (through benchmarking and user choice). For each country, an intermediate indicator is computed for each of these six institutional properties. Composite indicators then combine the six intermediate indicators of spending efficiency into a single, aggregate measure. Results are presented and some of their implications are discussed. Overall, the characteristics of the institutional framework in the non-tertiary public education sector seem to be very favourable, compared to OECD average, in the United Kingdom, Australia, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, whereas results are less favourable for the Czech Republic, Greece, Luxembourg, Japan, Turkey, Hungary, Belgium (French speaking community), Switzerland and Austria.
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  • 30
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Relationship Between Branding and Organisational Change
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-18
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: À mesure que la concurrence nationale et internationale s’intensifie dans l’enseignement supérieur, le souci de l’image de marque devient de plus en plus manifeste : désormais, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur réexaminent leur notoriété et leur image à l’extérieur. Cet article traite des problèmes qu’ils connaissent à cet égard, et met en lumière les avantages et les dangers d’une stratégie de l’image de marque adoptée pour survivre sur le marché de l’enseignement supérieur. Le but est d’étudier les liens potentiels existant entre l’image de marque et l’évolution des organisations. À partir d’avancées récentes sur la théorie des organisations, on examine comment la stratégie de l’image de marque, comprise au sens de processus de rapprochement entre l’identité de l’organisation et son image extérieure, peut renforcer le développement des établissements et stimuler l’évolution des organisations. L’article se conclut en soulignant qu’une stratégie de l’image de marque ayant ces caractéristiques devra nécessairement être progressive et continue, mais pourra également préserver la responsabilité sociale de l’enseignement supérieur, alors même qu’il devient un secteur marchand.
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  • 31
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.57
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This report discusses methods of measuring unauthorized migration to the United States. The “residual method” involves comparing an analytic estimate of the legal foreign-born population with a survey-based measure of the total foreign-born population. The difference between the two population figures is a measure of the unauthorized migrant population in the survey; it can then be corrected for omissions to provide a measure of the total unauthorized population. The report includes a detailed description of the residual methods and the underlying data and assumptions as it has been applied to recent data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and decennial censuses. The paper presents new results of estimates derived from the march 2006 CPS which show that the unauthorized population in the U.S. has reached 11.5 million; of these, 6.5 million or 57% are from Mexico. The report also presents derived data on a range of social and economic characteristics of the unauthorized population developed with an extension of the residual estimates. Finally, historical data on trends in unauthorized migration and several alternative estimation methods are presented and discussed.
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  • 32
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 90 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-88
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This report examines how policy co-ordination between the environment and health fields could be improved in order to better address environmental health issues. To this end, three cases studies were implemented in the United Kingdom, France and Canada, with particular focus on air pollution.The report synthesises the main findings arising out from these case studies as well as from a review of the governance literature as well. It identifies the main means and obstacles to improved policy coordination of cross-cutting issues, such as environmental health. Recommendations are then suggested, intending to improve co-ordination between environmental and health policies.
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  • 33
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 64 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.260
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: The forces shaping the revolution in banking and capital markets have radically changed the financial landscape during the past three decades. A remarkable feature of this changing new landscape has been the astonishing rate of internationalisation of the financial system in the last two decades, with emerging markets becoming increasingly important participants. At times, this participation led to an excessive reliance on foreign financing, making the participation of these countries in the global financial system more vulnerable to shifts in expectations and perceptions. The sovereign debt management strategy suffered from many structural weaknesses, failing to take into account international best practices in financing budget deficits and developing domestic government securities markets. Consequently, emerging markets experienced serious financial crisis episodes. Against this background, the paper focuses on new and more sophisticated strategies to develop domestic bond markets, taking into account the risk profile, complexities and other constraints of emerging markets. The paper’s central thesis is that risk-based public debt management and liquid domestic bond markets are important, mutually reinforcing strategies for emerging financial markets to attain: i) enhanced financial stability, and ii) a more successful participation in the global financial landscape. It will also be shown that this twin-strategies approach requires taking a macroeconomic policy perspective.
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  • 34
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 100 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 8, p. 1-100
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Economics
    Kurzfassung: The present report presents the case studies made of instrument mixes addressing non-point sources of water pollution in agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Denmark and in the Chesapeake Bay area of the United States. While all these case studies discuss instruments addressing nutrient run-off, the UK and the Danish case studies also discuss instruments addressing the use of pesticides in the agriculture sector.
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  • 35
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 102 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.130
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'élaboration de politiques de protection des infrastructures d'information critiques
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The 2006 OECD study offers an analysis of the CII security policies in four countries: Canada, Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States - with a focus on the drivers for and challenges to their development.
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  • 36
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.42
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Facing Pro-poor Design of Subsidies for Drinking Water and Sanitation Services in Africa
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Face à la pauvreté, à l’ampleur des besoins d’infrastructures et à l’énorme retard pris dans la construction de systèmes d’assainissement, l’Afrique est forcée de recourir à des subventions croisées et à des aides publiques. L’aide accordée actuellement aux pauvres pour la prise en charge des coûts mensuels d’accès aux services d’eau potable et d’assainissement doit être conjuguée à des subventions aux frais de raccordement initial, afin d’accélérer le développement de l’accès. La pérennité financière passe par un financement à long terme des subventions et l’optimisation de leur utilisation, en ciblant mieux les pauvres et en adoptant des critères de résultat.démocratisation
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  • 37
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: The Turkish budget process has three features which set it apart from other OECD countries: a centralised yet fragmented decision-making process; the IMF stand-by agreement as a de facto fiscal rule; and a very detailed line-item classification. This article analyses these features and makes suggestions for policy adjustment to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The article examines all stages of the budget process (preparation, parliamentary approval, execution, and accounting and auditing) and assesses Turkey’s recent rapid progress with reform. The article offers suggestions for next steps and new priorities for Turkey in the light of other OECD country experience.
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  • 38
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-24
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Périphéries et centres : Les universités de recherche dans les pays en développement
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-24
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: The research university is a central institution of the 21st century – providing access to global science, producing basic and applied research, and educating key leaders for academe and society. Worldwide, there are very few research universities – they are expensive to develop and support, and the pressures of massification have placed priorities elsewhere. For developing countries, research universities are especially rare, and yet they are especially important as key ingredients for economic and social progress. This article argues for the importance of research universities in developing countries and points out some of the challenges that such institutions face.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-28
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Peripheries and Centres: Research Universities in Developing Countries
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-28
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: L’université de recherche est une institution fondamentale du XXIe siècle : elle donne accès à la science mondiale, effectue des travaux de recherche fondamentale et appliquée et forme des chefs de file clés pour l’université et la société. Il existe très peu d’universités de recherche dans le monde : en effet, leur mise en place et leur entretien nécessitent de lourds investissements, et les pressions exercées par la massification de l’enseignement supérieur ont placé les priorités ailleurs. Les universités de recherche sont encore plus rares dans les pays en développement, où elles revêtent pourtant une importance particulière en tant que déterminants fondamentaux du progrès économique et social. Cet article défend la cause des universités de recherche dans les pays en développement et attire l’attention sur quelques-uns des défis auxquels elles sont confrontées.
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  • 40
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.40
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Facing Complexity in Development Finance: Challenges for a Donor Darling
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Alors même que les volumes d’aide publique augmentent, l’accès aux sources de financement du développement devient de plus en plus complexe. Les gouvernements des pays en développement ont besoin de mieux connaître les flux privés de financement pour pouvoir concevoir des politiques de développement plus efficaces. Faute d’un gouvernement central volontaire, les stratégies bien intentionnées mais divergentes des bailleurs de fonds risquent de s’annihiler.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Nouveau centre d'apprentissage créatif dans une école pour filles en Australie
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Brisbane Girls Grammar School’s new Creative Learning Centre was conceived to group arts studies which were previously scattered across the campus and to serve all students as a meeting place and technology hub. The building is specifically designed to provide the most flexible and innovative environment for teenaged girls, having special regard for the way girls learn and interact socially. The unique design also helps ensure protection from Brisbane’s hot and humid environment.
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  • 42
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/06
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le système d'indicateurs de performance de l'infrastructure scolaire en Afrique du Sud
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; South Africa
    Kurzfassung: While some South African schools have excellent infrastructure, others lack basic services such as water and sanitation. The school infrastructure performance indicator system (SIPIS) project offers an approach that can address both the urgent provision of basic services as well as support the development of more sophisticated and more effective education environments over time.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 86 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union
    Kurzfassung: This study provides an analysis of the functions, structure, status within the government, and capacity of the central public procurement bodies of Member States. It does not attempt to evaluate their respective advantages/disadvantages or to recommend particular institutional arrangements. Twenty-two separate overviews of public procurement systems in the 22 participating Member States were produced on the basis of national responses to a detailed questionnaire. An in-depth review of these country system overviews provided the comparative analysis portion of this study, which discusses the various models in place in Member States, in particular the background and rationale for the use of a particular institutional model.
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  • 44
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.579
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: While employment growth has accelerated, allowing unemployment to fall significantly since 2005, many low-skilled workers are still unemployed and the duration of unemployment spells is still long. The introduction of an in-work benefit for workers in low-income households, subject to a minimum of hours worked, could lower barriers to higher employment which result from a relatively high tax wedge on lowskill workers, as would the elimination of poverty traps in the pension system. Measures to improve mobility of workers across regions, notably housing policy reform, would lower long unemployment durations, as would the provision of more training to the unemployed. Impediments to higher labour market participation of young women and older workers need to be removed.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.125
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: After analogue TV signals are switched off with the shift to digital transmission (analogue switchoff), a significant amount of spectrum bandwidth is expected to be freed-up, potentially making it available for other applications rather than replicating the similar quality analogue TV programmes (spectrum dividend). This paper discusses spectrum management issues in relation to digitalisation of terrestrial television broadcasting (digital switchover).
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  • 46
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.50
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: The labour market integration of immigrants has been a key issue both in the public debate and on the government agenda in Denmark, triggered by unfavourable employment outcomes of immigrants – the gaps in employment rates of immigrants compared to the native-born are among the highest in the OECD – and a rapid rise of the immigrant population during the past twenty years. Prior to the 1980s, immigration to Denmark was a very marginal phenomenon. Despite the rapid growth since then, with less than 7% immigrants in the population, Denmark still has one of the smallest immigrant populations in Western Europe...
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 153-175
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 153-175
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Uncertainty about length of life, longevity risk, is a growing financial problem for pension funds and annuity providers. Unfortunately, there is a lack of financial instruments to hedge against this longevity risk, thereby complicating risk management by pension funds and hindering the expansion of the annuity market. Consequently, this paper examines the role of government in promoting a private market solution for longevity hedging financial products. Governments could in principle improve the market for annuities by issuing longevity-indexed bonds and by producing a longevity index. The paper argues that the first public policy role is hampered by the fact that governments are themselves already exposed to significant longevity risk. However, governments could take other steps such as producing a reliable longevity index.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/02
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. "Intelligent" Primary School Project in Italy
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Italy
    Kurzfassung: Dans la municipalité de Solaro, Province de Milan, les travaux sont sur le point de commencer pour construire une nouvelle école primaire « intelligente » prévue pour accueillir 300 élèves dans un premier temps, puis 600 après agrandissement. Il s’agit de la première école primaire italienne conçue selon les principes de l’école intelligente, tels qu’ils ont été défi nis par le Centre pour l’innovation et l’expérimentation éducatives de Milan (CISEM). Ce bâtiment s’est vu décerner le Prix EUROSOLAR en 2006.
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  • 49
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Gouvernance de la détermination décentralisée des rémunérations dans certains pays membres de l'OCDE
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: The need for more differentiated pay setting in the public sector is probably the most important driver behind decentralisation. Both the labour market and the public activities have become less homogeneous, and public administrations need – just like any other employer – to develop pay-setting arrangements that are sufficiently flexible to enable an adaptation of pay systems and pay structures.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 60 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.8
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  • 51
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 191-214
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 191-214
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: High levels of household indebtedness have been considered one source of risk for households’ balance sheets and financial stability for some time now. Household debt has risen in many OECD countries, although there is great variation among them in terms of the levels and compositions of debt, the distribution of associated risks within the financial system and between the latter and the household sector.
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  • 52
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-9
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 10 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'université et ses communautés
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-9
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This article analyses the engagement of universities with the community in three domains: the consequences of the university simply “being there”, contractual and other partnerships, and the relationship between the institution and its members. The consequences are then explored for the values espoused and practiced by the universities, including the possibility of their codification into a set of “ten commandments”.
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  • 53
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.51
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Has Pension Reform Failed Latin America?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: En Amérique latine, la réforme des retraites a contribué à la financiarisation de l’économie, mais avec des résultats mitigés sur le niveau de l’épargne nationale. Les effets bénéfiques potentiels des fonds de pension privés sur la gouvernance des entreprises restent encore inexploités.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.568
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this paper is to construct indicators that measure the strength of policies aimed at preserving and promoting market competition by empowering antitrust and sectoral authorities. The indicators, which cover both general and sector-specific competition policies, extend previous OECD work covering economy-wide and sector-specific regulations that restrict competition and promote governance. It focuses on information for 2003 provided by a number of OECD sources. The results show relatively little variation in the overall indicator across countries, partly reflecting the convergence of competition policies across the OECD area over the past decade. However, inspection of individual elements reveals that enforcement efforts (both in terms of devoted resources and actually implemented sanctions) and policies in network industries vary considerably across countries. Thus, the main conclusion arising from this work is that member countries have been improving the general competition policy framework, but still have to fully implement the improved framework. Moreover, there remains a considerable scope for further progress in promoting competition in network industries.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-15
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 15 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La mondialisation, 〈〈 l'Idée d'une université 〉〉 et ses codes d'éthique
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-15
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper sketches the impact of globalisation and internationalisation on the terrain of values and ethics in higher education. The first part of the paper discusses values and ethics in higher education in relation to the "Idea of a University", and identifies the ethical regimes essential to the functioning of HEIs as knowledge-forming organisations. The second part draws out implications of globalisation. Globalisation together with the strengthening of executive steering are associated with the partial "disembedding" of higher education institutions from their national governments, along with a pluralisation both of their spheres of operation and the range of private goods and public goods they produce and of the public they serve. This raises new questions about the governance and management of the values and ethical regimes associated with global goods, e.g. the obligations of communicability, mutuality, academic freedom, the protection of persons in higher education suggested by cross-border relationships, and the modes whereby these values and ethics are promoted.
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  • 56
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264064706
    Sprache: Ukrainisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE ; Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Economic Surveys: Ukraine 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Études économiques de l'OCDE : Ukraine 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Ukraine
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  • 57
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 144 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.123
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Convergence is at present a key factor in developments underlying the electronic communications sector.1 The public can see, speak and listen using various media operating over all kinds of networks.
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  • 58
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.55
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.55
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les interactions entre le chapitre sur l'investissement et le chapitre sur les services dans une sélection d'accords commerciaux régionaux
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: This report analyses the interactions between the investment and services chapters of 20 regional trade agreements. It classifies agreements into two broad categories of NAFTA-inspired and GATS-inspired agreements and identifies four major types of interaction between the investment and trade in services chapters. The report then looks at the implications of the services/investment interface for levels of investment protection and liberalisation.
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.6
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  • 60
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.53
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: China is currently in the process of developing the largest pension system in the world, and it is doing this at a time of unparalleled economic and demographic transition. The central government has followed a step-by-step approach to develop a system that can accommodate a rapidly aging society within a rapidly growing, but still largely underdeveloped economy. This paper analyses how far the process of creating a national old age insurance system had proceeded by the end of 2006. It provides a detailed description of this system and an assessment of to what degree it has so far achieved ?its primary goal of social security for more people? (Chinese Government, September 2006)...
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/05
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. A New Creative Learning Centre at a Girls School in Australia
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Australia
    Kurzfassung: Le nouveau Centre d’apprentissage créatif de l’école secondaire pour filles Brisbane Girls Grammar School a été conçu pour regrouper les études artistiques, auparavant disséminées sur l’ensemble du campus, et pour servir de lieu de rencontre et de coeur technologique à toutes les élèves. Le bâtiment est spécialement destiné à fournir aux adolescentes l’environnement le plus flexible et innovant et prend particulièrement en considération la façon dont les filles apprennent et interagissent socialement. La conception unique contribue également à assurer une protection contre le climat chaud et humide de Brisbane.
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  • 62
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-32
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-32
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This paper, originally presented at the 1981 meeting of the OECD Working Party of Senior Budget Officials, discusses the fundamental purposes of budgeting and explores how off-budget expenditures weaken a government’s financial control. The paper gives insights on many aspects of budgeting that are still relevant today: the transformation of the public sector, the interface with the private sector, the scope and size of government, the role of regulation, the emergence of new organisational forms, and the use of performance objectives and long-term planning.
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 91 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/05
    Schlagwort(e): Transport ; Brazil
    Kurzfassung: The increase in the oil price and the worsening of climate change are fostering biofuels programs around the world. Brazil has a long tradition in biofuels. The country is a large-scale producer of ethanol since the 1970s. In 2006, ethanol was responsible for 17% of all vehicle fuel supply in the Brazil. Brazil’s ethanol production from sugarcane is also recognized by its economic performance. In 2005, Brazilian government has launched a biodiesel program. The aim of this report is to make a critical review of Brazilian ethanol and biodiesel programs. It provides lessons about the potential competitiveness of biofuels vis a vis traditional fuels. The document also presents the potential social and environmental impacts of the biofuels in Brazil. The analysis made in this report has been based on an extensive literature review on the subject of biofuels in Brazil. Interviews with experts have also been made in order to clarify some particular issues. The report is divided in two parts: the first is focused on ethanol program and the second to the biodiesel. The first part of the report is divided into the following sections: i) economic performance; ii) the environmental performance; iii) the social performance; iv)energy security performance; v) Brazil as a world-class ethanol exporter. The second part of the report is divided into the following sections: i) economic performance; ii) the environmental performance; iii) Brazil as a world-class biodiesel exporter.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.27
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swiss pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Switzerland has achieved certain policy goals. In Switzerland, pharmaceutical spending has not been growing faster than health expenditure as a whole, as has been the case in many other OECD countries. Swiss pharmaceutical spending per capita and as a share of GDP is modest by OECD standards. This in part reflects relatively low levels of pharmaceutical consumption, given that public prices are among the highest in Europe and the Swiss tend to be early adopters of new pharmaceutical products. Switzerland’s regulation of prices for reimbursed drugs, based on referencing across countries and within the therapeutic class for products with comparators, appears to result in prices lower than what would be obtained absent regulation. Although ex-manufacturer prices are somewhat high relative to other European countries, recent reforms have reduced the differential. While costs are under control, Switzerland has scope to improve the cost-effectiveness of its expenditures in the pharmaceutical area. Generic penetration of the market is increasing but falls short of what has been achieved elsewhere and the prices of generic products are higher than what is found in other countries. Relatively high mark-ups over ex-factory prices suggest that the distribution chain is a source of further potential efficiencies, although high costs could also reflect characteristics of the Swiss economy...
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  • 65
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.61
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Kurzfassung: The Korean labor market has created many jobs over the past several decades, accompanying rapid economic growth. More recently, this favorable job performance has gone hand-in-hand with a rapid increase of temporary employment and other flexible or atypical work arrangements (usually called "non-regular" work in Korea. This trend has raised much concern in Korean society about the risk of persistent labor market duality and the various downsides associated with such a development...
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-41
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-41
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This article examines key institutional drivers that may contribute to improving public sector efficiency and focuses on one of them in more detail: performance information and its role and use in the budget process (“performance budgeting”).
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Mesurer la mondialisation à l'aide des tableaux internationaux d'entrées-sorties
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: One of the distinctive characteristics of the current globalisation process is the emergence of global value chains. Within global value chains and international production networks, not only are final goods traded internationally, but intermediate goods (parts and components) and, in recent years, services also increasingly are. This trend significantly alters the economic relations between countries and increasingly casts doubt on empirical indicators such as trade and FDI that are traditionally used to measure globalisation. Input-output tables may provide much finer detail in describing current globalisation as they offer information on the use of goods instead of the rather arbitrary classification schemes that divide goods into intermediate and other categories. Moreover, input-output tables also incorporate information on the use of services, enabling measurement of the increasing offshoring of service activities in today's business activities. Based on the OECD Input-Output Database, which includes harmonised tables for 38 countries (of which 10 emerging non-OECD economies), this paper brings together empirical evidence on the growing importance of global value chains and the increasing interdependence between countries. Input-output indicators are presented for individual countries and individual industries, aiming to demonstrate the changing characteristics of current globalisation.
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  • 68
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.134
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: RFID technology is increasingly used in a wide range of tracking and tracing applications. This study compares the implementation of RFID across a broad range of sectors, drawing on interviews with early adopters of RFID technology in Germany.
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.578
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Kurzfassung: Improving education outcomes is vital for achieving convergence with GDP per capita levels in Western European countries and for reducing income inequality. While some education outcomes are favourable, such as the low secondary-school drop-out rate, others have room for improvement: education achievement is below the OECD average and strongly influenced by socio-economic background; Roma children, who are mainly from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds, have particularly poor achievement; labour-market outcomes are poor for graduates of secondary vocational programmes not leading to tertiary education; and tertiary attainment is low, albeit rising. Reforms have been made in recent years or are planned to address many of these weaknesses, but much remains to be done. In particular, more progress needs to be made in increasing participation in early childhood education and care, reducing stratification in the education system, helping Roma children to integrate into the education mainstream, and in attracting high quality graduates to teaching, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged schools. In addition, secondary vocational education not leading to tertiary education needs to be made more pertinent to labour-market requirements. Tertiary education also needs to be made more attractive for technical secondary school graduates.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/08
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Japan's Eco-school Programme
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Depuis 1997, plusieurs ministères japonais collaborent au programme d’écoles vertes, qui s’applique aux constructions neuves et rénovées ; l’objectif est que les établissements scolaires du pays soient plus respectueux de l’environnement.
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  • 71
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.53
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'Asie, une opportunité pour l'Amérique latine
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Growing trade with China and India offers new export opportunities for Latin America. Latin American countries need to invest in infrastructure and innovation. * This Policy Insights is based on the Latin American Economic Outlook 2008.
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.587
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Belgium
    Kurzfassung: The tertiary education system has been transformed from an elite-oriented system to a system providing tertiary education to a much larger share of each new generation. This re-orientation has contributed to raising education attainment in Belgium. However, in many respects the organisation of the tertiary education systems has not been changed fundamentally and economic incentives are only to a minor extent in place for securing the supply and quality of tertiary education. The system has come under strain, as revealed in the high failure rate among first-year students and the high incidence of subject change. There is thus a need for the system to adapt to be able to continue to support the improvement in educational attainment.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264031654
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    Serie: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Korea 2007
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Korea 2007
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Korea, Republic of
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.47
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'Afrique en 2007 : une croissance diversifiée
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Growth will accelerate for net oil exporters and weaken slightly for oil importers, strengthening the trends projected in African Economic Outlook 2006. For the oil importers, moreover, inflation is moving to double-digit levels. Budget deficits in oil-importing countries appear to have stabilised. The current account deficits of these same countries have increased from 2 % in 1998-2004, to about 4 % since 2005. * This Policy Insights introduces the African Economic Outlook 2007.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Italy ; Latvia ; Poland ; Portugal ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This paper was prepared by Sigma, upon the request of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, to serve as a basic comparative working document for the preparation of a new policy and regulation on conflict of interest in the Czech public sector. Given its generalist orientation, the paper could also be useful for other countries carrying out specific reforms in the area of conflict of interest and general reforms related to anti-corruption policies and instruments.This paper provides descriptive data and an analytical overview of approaches to managing conflicts of interest in the public sector of nine European countries - six "old" EU members (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and three "new" EU members (Hungary, Latvia and Poland). The paper also provides some conclusions that are worth taking into account when reforming policies and instruments to improve regulations and practices on conflict of interest.
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  • 76
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.565
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Hungary
    Kurzfassung: Hungary's counties and municipalities face difficult challenges. Participation in cost-cutting structural reforms initiated by the central government means cutbacks to administrative overheads and tough decisions in public services. At the same time, there are also challenges in modernising local infrastructures and in making full use of the EU funds for development projects. This paper first looks at how meeting these challenges can be helped by better budgeting, in particular regarding the transparency and oversight of accounts. Financing arrangements are also examined and this reveals a general problem of complexity. Assessment of spending responsibilities suggests room for improving the roles of counties and regions and a need for cutbacks in central-government influence on service provision and public-sector wages at the local level.
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  • 77
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 44 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-44
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This consensus document addresses compositional considerations for new varieties of cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus by identifying the key food and feed nutrients and anti-nutrients. A general description of these components is provided. As well, there is background material on the production, processing and uses of Agaricus bisporus and considerations to be taken when assessing new Agaricus bisporus varieties.
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 28 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.548
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: Over the next decades, many OECD countries are anticipating large increases in public spending as a result of population ageing and other long-term structural trends. The need to put public finances on a sustainable footing is widely recognised, but progress has been uneven and slow. Some policy makers may feel that action can be deferred for a few years at little cost because of the long-term nature of the problem. This paper questions this perception by proposing a model of the political costs of consolidating public finances. The main finding is that even a short delay increases political cost of consolidation quite markedly when ultimately policy makers are facing a deadline by which sustainability must be restored. The conclusion is very robust to changes in assumptions and specification. A variant of the model shows that with an infinite horizon the incentive to consolidate is weaker, which highlights the importance of setting a deadline. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of the Euro area (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/euroarea).
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  • 79
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    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.581
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: There is a large literature on how the sharing of revenue between different levels of government and the design of intergovernmental transfer schemes affect sub-national finances. Using a panel of OECD countries during 1980-2005, this paper tests for: i) the presence of a stable long-run statistical association between changes in transfer receipts and sub-national net worth and ii) the direction of causality between changes in transfer receipts and net worth. The main empirical findings are that, first, there is a stable long-term relationship between transfer receipts and local government net worth for the case of current, but not capital, transfers. An increase in intergovernmental transfer receipts is found to be associated with a modest reduction in the recipient jurisdiction’s net worth over the long term, but a fall in net worth is associated with an almost one-to-one subsequent increase in transfer receipts. Second, the direction of causality is sensitive to the technique used to estimate the long-term parameters. One technique suggests that causality runs from transfers to net worth, which lends support to a large literature on the effect of cost-shifting on sub-national budget outcomes. But causality also appears to run from net worth to transfer receipts, suggesting that transfers may be used as a deficitfinancing tool.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 97-154
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 67 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. An empirical investigaton of political economy factors behind structural reforms in OECD countries
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 97-154
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: À l’origine, ce document a été élaboré à l’intention du Groupe de travail n° 1 de l’OCDE, sous l’autorité du Comité de politique économique de l’OCDE. Jens Høj et Giuseppe Nicoletti travaillent pour le Département des affaires économiques de l’OCDE en qualité d’économiste en chef de la branche des études nationales et de chef de division, Division de l’analyse des politiques structurelles 1, respectivement. Vincenzo Galasso est Professeur associé d’économie à l’Université Bocconi, en Italie, et Thai-Thang Dang est consultant dans le secteur privé. Les auteurs tiennent à remercier Jean-Philippe Cotis, Jørgen Elmeskov, Michael P. Feiner, Christopher Heady, Nick Johnstone et de nombreux collègues du Département des affaires économiques de l’OCDE, ainsi que des représentants des pays membres de l’OCDE pour leurs précieux commentaires sur une version antérieure de ce document.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.584
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; United States
    Kurzfassung: America’s higher education system is among the best in the world. Nevertheless, there is scope for improvement. In particular, there appear to be substantial financial barriers to higher education despite large government expenditures aimed at promoting access. Policy makers have proposed addressing these barriers by increasing student grants. However, grants are costly, inefficient, inequitable and ineffective. Income tax concessions and state government subsidies suffer from similar problems. In contrast, international best practice seems to be converging on student loans with repayments that vary according to income. Income-contingent loans facilitate access to college at low fiscal cost and without the inefficiency and inequities that accompany grants, subsidies or tax concessions. At the same time, they do not discourage risk-averse or uninformed students in the way that conventional loans do. The United States has an income-contingent loan programme that should be expanded. While the design of repayments could be improved, the main problem with this programme is that lending limits are too low. Higher limits, especially for unsubsidised direct loans, would benefit students and promote access at little cost to the government. Were a good system of loans in place, then less cost-effective means of promoting access, such as grants and tax concessions, should be cut back.
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-27
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 28 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Values, Principles and Integrity: Academic and Professional Standards in Higher Education
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-27
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Ce document s'appuie principalement sur les quelque 300 réponses recueillies lors d'une enquête réalisée par Internet auprès d'universitaires britanniques et portant sur leurs valeurs personnelles et professionnelles ainsi que sur l'idée qu'ils se faisaient des valeurs qui devraient sous-tendre l'enseignement supérieur. Leur perception de la réalité actuelle du point de vue des politiques et des procédures nationales ainsi que leurs attentes en matière de gestion des établissements, étayées par des exemples d'événements qui les ont perturbés, soulèvent des questions sur la santé à long terme du système d'enseignement supérieur tel qu'on le conçoit généralement. Ce projet pilote visait à ouvrir le débat sur le degré de compatibilité des valeurs et des normes traditionnelles avec la mise en place d'un enseignement supérieur de masse, ainsi que sur l'accent mis par le gouvernement sur le rôle économique de l'enseignement supérieur. Les résultats s'inscrivent dans un cadre théorique s'inspirant des modèles mis en place par Clark (1983), Becher et Kogan (1992) et l'auteur (McNay, 1995, 2005a).
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  • 83
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 87-136
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 59 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analyse empirique des facteurs d'économie politique influant sur les réformes structurelles dans l'OCDE
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 87-136
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper was originally prepared for the OECD Working Party No. 1 under the authority of the OECD’s Economic Policy Committee. Jens Høj and Giuseppe Nicoletti work for the OECD Economics Department as a senior economist in the Country Studies Branch and as Head of the Structural Policy Analysis Division 1, respectively. Vincenzo Galasso is an Associate Professor of Economics at Università Bocconi in Italy and Thai-Thang Dang is a private sector consultant. The authors wish to thank Jean Philippe Cotis, Jørgen Elmeskov, Michael P. Feiner, Christopher Heady, Nick Johnstone and many other colleagues in the OECD Economics Department as well as representatives from OECD member countries for useful comments on a previous version of the paper.
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.45
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Politics in Africa in 2006: Fewer Bullets, More Ballots?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: La tendance de long terme au recul de l’instabilité politique s’est confirmée en 2006 avec la diminution des conflits armés, qui restent pourtant fréquents. Plusieurs pays africains ont organisé des élections pluralistes et les progrès vers la démocratie participative sont encourageants. Mais la gouvernance économique ne progresse pas suffisamment pour éradiquer la corruption, véritable frein au développement socio-économique.démocratisation.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 177-287
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 112 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Competition in the Provision of Hospital Services
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 177-287
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: En raison d’un pourcentage élevé du revenu et du budget national affectés aux services hospitaliers et de la nécessité évidente de les améliorer, des mécanismes concurrentiels renforcés ont été mis en place dans un certain nombre de pays de l’OCDE pour améliorer l’efficience des prestations hospitalières. Les services hospitaliers comportent un ensemble complexe de produits et de services destinés aux patients, qui ne sont pas tous soumis de la même manière à la concurrence. Certains services comme les services d’urgence sont peu, voire pas du tout, soumis à la concurrence. D’autres comme la chirurgie qui peut être programmée, peuvent être soumis à la concurrence d’autres services offrant un service comparable. D’autres encore, comme les services de diagnostic, les consultations de spécialistes et les services de consultations externes peuvent être en concurrence avec les centres de diagnostic, les cabinets de médecins et les centres de chirurgie ambulatoire.
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  • 86
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 21 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/09
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: The debate on whether there are wider economic benefits from transport infrastructure investments continues to cause debate and controversy. This debate occurs both between analysts seeking to find a robust method for identifying and measuring the size of such benefits and between policy makers seeking to justify or refute the need for a particular investment. It is timely to review progress on arriving at a consensus view of the contribution of infrastructure to the wider economy which is consistent with best practice in appraisal. This paper will review progress and try to bring out some common themes for discussion. The main aim of this paper is to bring together the various alternative methodological approaches to this problem which differs not just in the detail of the analysis, but more significantly in the scale at which the analysis is undertaken. It is argued that it is of particular importance to understand the way in which changes in the provision of transport affect microeconomic decisions, including those within firms and households, and to understand the operation of markets as well as to model the resultant flows and their macroeconomic consequences.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 19 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-17
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Sweden
    Kurzfassung: Since 1997, a medium-term fiscal framework has been applied to virtually all aspects of budget preparation in Sweden. The longer three-year horizon has enabled better fiscal discipline through the use of fiscal targets and advanced forecasting models. Particular attention is placed on ensuring the consistency and quality of forecasts. In addition, forecasting of revenues and expenditures is an exercise that involves all levels of the central government administration five or six times a year. Thus the preconditions for well-informed and rational decisions on government policies have been drastically enhanced in Sweden.
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  • 88
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1-23
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Impacts humains à long-terme d'un mariage universitaire 〈〈 forcé 〉〉 : anatomie d'une fusion, deux décennies plus tard
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1-23
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This article addresses a gap in the research literature on mergers in higher education by giving special consideration to the human resource dimension. It focuses on the forced merger of two higher education institutions that was implemented in Northern Ireland over 20 years ago and from which the University of Ulster was established. The authors draw upon the views of the university staff who experienced this merger and who were still employed by the university in 2006. The article emphasises how the merge affected staff and influenced their subsequent experiences, as academics and administrators. by Rosalind Pritchard and Arthur Williamson
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.37
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. À la recherche d'un monde meilleur : marchés financiers et pays en développement
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Bond financing has replaced bank loans and other sources of capital flows as a major source of funding for emerging markets. This shift has been particularly impressive in Latin America. Disentangling the dynamics of emerging bond markets and the information flow about them has attracted the attention of the OECD. Are decisions about bond market investments based on good and neutral information, or is something else driving investors’ choices?
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-16
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 16 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Internationalisation of Higher Education in the Era of Globalisation: What have been its Implications in China and Japan?
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-16
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; China, People’s Republic ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Cet article décrit l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur à l’ère de la mondialisation en Chine et au Japon. Il présente les thèmes suivants : les liens existant entre l’internationalisation et la mondialisation ; les caractères principaux de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur ; une comparaison entre la Chine et le Japon ; une discussion des effets de la mondialisation à partir d’études de cas dans les deux pays. La conclusion indique que la mondialisation a entraîné de nouveaux changements dans l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur en Chine et au Japon, mais n’y a pas modifié le fond du processus.
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  • 91
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.4
    Serie: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.4
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Possibilités d'ajustement et stratégies envisageables face à la réforme des politiques agricoles et à la libéralisation des échanges
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: Reforming agricultural policies by reducing distorting support improves economic efficiency as a whole through a better allocation of resources. This implies that adjustment may have adverse effects on some agricultural households and other people engaged in the sector, in particular in the short term. There may also be negative impacts on upstream and downstream sectors and on regional economies that rely on commodities whose prices and production levels fall with reductions in support and protection. Despite pressures to reform to meet multilateral and bilateral trade commitments and to respond to budgetary constraints, these adverse impacts are a major reason why governments find it difficult to make progress in policy reform.
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 122 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Sigma Papers no.42
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: The European Commission requested Sigma to carry out a study on the regulatory management capacities of the ten countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 to learn more about their Better Regulation practices, exchange good practices and make suggestions for further improvements. This study was carried out by way of peer reviews taking place between March 2005 and October 2006. The topics examined were notably: the origins of EU Better Regulation policy, regulatory management processes, the tools used in these processes (impact assessment, consultation, simplification, alternatives and accessibility), enactment processes and the enforcement and compliance of laws in the NMS, with reference to intellectual property law and environmental laws. Each peer reviews led to a country report that was sent to the Commission and the Member State in question. Publication of each country report was left to the discretion of the Member State in question. A synthesis was drawn up summarizing all findings and making recommendations addressed to all new Member States in general.
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-37
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-37
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Austria
    Kurzfassung: This article discusses budgeting institutions, processes and practices at the federal level in Austria. Separate sections are devoted to the budget formulation process, the role of parliament, and various aspects of budget implementation and government management issues. Each section highlights the government’s reform agenda and current practices, and analyses the two vis-à-vis OECD best practices.
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  • 94
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.563
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper assesses the consequences of immigration for natives' unemployment in OECD countries and investigates the role played by product and labour market policies in the economy's adjustment to immigration inflows. The estimations, combining a skill-level and an aggregate approach using data for males, cover eighteen OECD countries over the period 1984-2003. While no significant long-run impact is found, an increase in the share of immigrants in the labour force is estimated to raise temporarily natives' unemployment, over a period of approximately five to ten years. Anticompetitive product market regulations are found to increase both the magnitude and the persistence of this impact, while more stringent employment protection legislation magnifies its persistence, and a higher average replacement rate of unemployment benefits increases its magnitude.
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-29
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1-29
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: A well-functioning public expenditure management system is considered a critical pillar of government efficiency. This article discusses PEM systems in developing countries using an analytical framework based on principal-agent theory. This simple model can be applied to various PEM systems and allows for comparisons between institutional settings. To illustrate this, the authors analyse the benefits derived from the use by the ministry of finance of ex post audits and ex ante controls, and assess their value in terms of their ability to deter cheating. The authors derive a set of possible “control regimes” which can be used by the ministry of finance.
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/10
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Réduire au minimum la consommation d'énergie des écoles en Irlande
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Ireland
    Kurzfassung: This article explains how Ireland has incorporated low energy design into primary and post-primary schools and gives an overview of projects that have helped inform this approach.
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  • 97
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-40
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-40
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This article examines the PART initiative of the United States Office of Management and Budget from a practical standpoint: how federal agencies have dealt with the requirements of PART and what strategies they have employed to be successful. The article highlights four challenges that confront both agencies and OMB as they work to complete assessments of all 1 000 programmes and describes approaches that agencies are taking to meet these challenges.
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  • 98
    ISBN: 9789264036253
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (96 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Harmonising Donor Practices for Effective Aid Delivery, Volume 2; Budget Support, Sector Wide Approaches and Capacity Development in Public Financial Management
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Harmonising Donor Practices for Effective Aid Delivery, Volume 2: Budget Support, Sector Wide Approaches and Capacity Development in Public Financial Management
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: La communauté internationale s'est engagée à aider les pays partenaires à réaliser l'Objectif du Millénaire pour le Développement qui consiste à réduire la pauvreté mondiale de moitié d'ici 2015. Il est donc essentiel d’utiliser efficacement une aide officielle au développement au demeurant trop rare. Les bonnes pratiques présentées ici ont été conçues pour répondre à cette préoccupation. Elles représentent un ensemble de mesures concrètes dont l'application par les agences pour le développement améliorerait considérablement l'efficacité de l'aide au développement. Après le premier volume de bonnes pratiques sur l’harmonisation de l'aide pour renforcer son efficacité, publié en 2003, ce deuxième volume est plus spécifiquement axé sur les bonnes pratiques en matière de soutien budgétaire et d'appui aux approches sectorielles. Ces chapitres sont complétés par une annexe qui propose une approche du soutien visant à améliorer les performances en matière de gestion des finances publiques.
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  • 99
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 38 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 9, p. 1-36
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The OECD Council Recommendation on Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement (C(2002)3) "... invited the Environment Policy Committee to monitor, assess, and report to the Council in 2005 on Member countries’ implementation of this Recommendation, and on any barriers to further implementation" (Appendix I).To help evaluate the extent to which member countries have implemented the Recommendation, a questionnaire was developed and applied (Appendix II). An informal Steering Group on Greener Public Purchasing was also established to guide the process. This Steering Group provided inputs to both the development of the questionnaire and the interpretation of its findings.
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-11
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-11
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Experience indicates that fiscal rules can be helpful as a disciplinary device at the central government level. This article explores whether fiscal rules could be usefully adopted in a decentralised framework, where the behaviour of subnational governments may undermine fiscal discipline.
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