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  • 2005-2009  (106)
  • 2007  (106)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (106)
  • Social Issues/Migration/Health  (55)
  • Trade  (30)
  • France  (22)
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  • 2005-2009  (106)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Health System Performance through better Care Coordination (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report attempts to assess whether -- and to what degree - better care coordination can improve health system performance in terms of quality and cost-efficiency. Coordination of care refers to policies that help create patient-centred care that is more coherent both within and across care settings and over time. Broadly speaking, it means making health-care systems more attentive to the needs of individual patients and ensuring they get the appropriate care for acute episodes as well as care aimed at stabilising their health over long periods in less costly environments. These issues are of particular interest to patients with chronic conditions and the elderly who may find it difficult to "navigate" fragmented health-care systems that are often found in OECD countries. Interest in coordination of care issues is increasing Growing interest in these issues has reflected a shift in the demands placed on health-care services. Chronic conditions have become progressively more important and are absorbing a growing share of health-care budgets. Since most of the chronically ill are elderly, this share can be expected to rise as populations age over coming decades. At the same time, many reports suggest that the quality of care that the chronically ill receive may need improvement. With these developments occurring in a context of tight public finance, some countries have been attempting to improve both the quality of care provided to the chronically ill and reduce cost pressures via changes to the architecture of health-care systems that encourage greater care coordination...
    DOI: 10.1787/246446201766
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expanding International Supply Chains : The Role of Emerging Economies in Providing it and Business Process Services (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.52
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'extension des chaines d'approvisionnement internationales : Le rôle des économies émergentes dans la fourniture de services informatiques et de services aux entreprises
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Offshoring of business process services (BPS) and information technology services (ITS) – whether through international insourcing or international outsourcing – is transforming the way many companies do business. This paper looks at the expansion of international supply chains and the rise of China, the Czech Republic, India and the Philippines as exporters of BPS and ITS. It also analyses the nature of and factors behind this trade and identifies major business- and trade-related challenges arising. In this context it presents some of the labour market implications resulting from increasing trade between OECD and non-OECD economies. The analysis shows that the BPS and ITS sectors in the four emerging economies are very differently structured: Chinese and Czech companies are predominantly supplying their domestic markets while Indian and Philippine companies are focused mainly on supplying foreign markets. In terms of exports, they also supply different geographies: China is mainly exporting to Japan; the Czech Republic to the European Union; the Philippines to the United States; and India to the United States and UK. Several of the larger home-grown companies in the four countries are establishing significant presence in foreign markets, in particular in other emerging markets, to build capacity and leverage local comparative advantage. This highlights the fact that different geographies have different strengths and BPS and ITS-related FDI between emerging economies is likely to expand rapidly in the future. All four countries are facing supply side constraints. The low supply of senior personnel with industry-relevant experience in China, the Czech Republic and the Philippines acts as a break on growth. Many companies are also struggling to manage high levels of staff attrition and salary inflation. Regulatory restrictions are relatively few but still affect some companies. In the ITS sector, temporary movement of personnel can pose a significant challenge for home-grown exporters. The issue is most relevant for the Indian ITS sector that is dependent on sending professionals for longer visits to client premises. Slow and unpredictable procedures for issuing business visas and work permits, and quota limitations for work permits, give rise to operational challenges. In the BPS sector, and to a lesser extent in the ITS sector, data privacy and security legislation can have a negative effect on international outsourcing. But new regulations have also created entirely new business opportunities, including the medical transcription sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/147465274176
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Visible Hand of China in Latin America (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (160 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mano visible de China en América Latina
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Visible Hand of China in Latin America; (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The visible hand of China in Latin America
    RVK:
    QG 630
    RVK:
    QG 860
    RVK:
    QM 200
    RVK:
    ML 7900
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Auslandsinvestition ; Lateinamerika ; China ; Außenhandel ; Emerging Market ; Integration ; Weltordnung ; Finance and Investment ; Development ; Trade ; China, People’s Republic ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Aufsatzsammlung ; China ; Lateinamerika ; Außenhandel ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Emerging Market ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: Latin America is looking towards China and Asia -- and China and Asia are looking right back. This is a major shift: for the first time in its history, Latin America can benefit from not one but three major engines of world growth. Until the 1980s, the United States was the region’s major trade partner. In the 1990s, a second growth engine emerged with the European investment boom in Latin America. Now, at the dawn of the new century, the increasing global economic importance of Asia, and in particular China, potentially provides a third engine of growth. This book describes the opportunities and challenges that Latin American economies will face as Chinese importance in the world economy -- and in Latin America's traditional markets -- continues to grow.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028388-en
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Produits énergétiques et écologiques : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024847
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environmental and Energy Products; The Benefits of Liberalising Trade
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce livre a pour vocation d’aider les négociateurs à se situer dans le débat international sur la libéralisation des échanges de biens et services environnementaux. Il approfondit l’analyse dans trois domaines : les produits écologiquement préférables, les énergies renouvelables et les produits économes en énergie. Dans chacun des trois chapitres, les auteurs se penchent sur le champ et la définition de ces différentes catégories de produits, examinent les obstacles tarifaires et non tarifaires aux échanges et expliquent les retombées écologiques d’une libéralisation. Le rapport fait suite à un précédent ouvrage publié en 2005 sous le titre Biens et services environnementaux : pour une ouverture des marchés au service de l’environnement et du développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024847-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comprendre le cerveau : Naissance d'une science de l'apprentissage (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029156
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Brain; The Birth of a Learning Science
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La comprensión del cerebro; El nacimiento de una ciencia del aprendizaje
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage est une lecture essentielle pour tous ceux que la question de l’éducation intéresse, qu’il s’agisse de parents, d’enseignants, d’apprenants ou de responsables politiques. Ce livre pourra confirmer et éclairer ce qu’ils savent déjà d’expérience, mais il ménage également des surprises. L’un des objectifs de Comprendre le cerveau est d’encourager le dialogue entre les éducateurs et les chercheurs en neurosciences. Il s’agit de voir ce que chacun peut apporter à l’étude du processus d’apprentissage. Un effort international et transdisciplinaire contribuera de manière décisive au traitement des problèmes récurrents dans le domaine de l’éducation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029156-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modernising Social Policy for the New Life Course (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264041271
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Modernising social policy for the new life course
    RVK:
    QX 000
    Keywords: Sozialpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift 2007 ; OECD ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Sozialpolitik ; Anpassung ; Sozioökonomischer Wandel
    Abstract: This seminar proceedings examines whether the current designs of social protection systems in OECD societies are well-suited to contemporary life-course realities. It looks in detail at recent policy developments in OECD countries to develop more flexible time-based social policies, as well as related issues, such as asset-based welfare programmes, as well as policies to encourage redistribution of income and/or time over the life course and how these might be structured most effectively.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264041271-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Mexico (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.25
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Mexico
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of Mexico's pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Mexico has achieved certain policy goals. This paper questions the effectiveness of the maximum price regulation. It notes that retail prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively high, although proximity to the United States may have some influence. Although not wholly successful in containing overall drug expenditures, the federal government can claim some measure of success for the public sector market. A high reliance on out-of-pocket spending brings into question the sustainability of financing pharmaceuticals in Mexico. It also contributes to greater inequality, although a new health insurance scheme, the Seguro Popular, is addressing the latter with some success as it endeavours to provide coverage for the half of Mexico's population without health insurance. Finally, the paper acknowledges the government.s efforts in improving efficiency of expenditures and quality of care through new bioequivalency requirements for generics. However, an unintended side-effect of the loss of low cost, non-bioequivalent drugs may be higher average prices for pharmaceuticals.
    DOI: 10.1787/302355455158
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La politique migratoire française à un tournant (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.56
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; France
    Abstract: French migration policy is at a crossroads. In the face of an emerging global labour market for highly qualified persons and of labour shortages in certain economic sectors, France must aim for a greater diversification of its migration flows, with respect to entry categories, regions of origin and type of migration, at the same time as it continues to combat irregular migration and the illegal employment of foreign nationals. This will require getting the right mix of selected and non-selected migrants, of temporary and permanent migrants, of high-skilled and low-skilled, and more generally of openness and control. To succeed, France must co-operate actively and effectively with both its European partners and countries of origin. But if France is to remain a land of welcome, it must also necessarily better integrate immigrants and their offspring.
    DOI: 10.1787/111040348221
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Sweden (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.28
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swedish pharmaceutical sector, assesses the degree to which Sweden has achieved certain policy goals, and puts forth some key findings and conclusions. Thanks to low mark-ups in the distribution chain and no VAT for prescribed medicines, Sweden's public prices for pharmaceuticals are relatively low, in contrast to average prices received by manufacturers, which are among the highest in Europe. Recent reforms have helped to restrain pharmaceutical expenditure growth, following a period of double digit growth in the 1990s. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita in Sweden is lower than the OECD average. Only five OECD countries devote less of their national income to pharmaceuticals. What limited evidence exists tends to suggest that relatively low pharmaceutical expenditures in Sweden are due to its low public prices, rather than to low levels of consumption. Sweden introduced a new pricing and reimbursement scheme in 2002. Its main features are the use of cost-effectiveness analysis for determining the reimbursement status of new pharmaceuticals and mandatory substitution of the lowest-cost generic alternative. The use of cost-effectiveness analysis in reimbursement decisions helps to relate the reimbursement price paid to the social value of the product, but does not necessarily result in the lowest possible price.The generic substitution policy has enabled Sweden to achieve fairly high penetration of generic drugs into the market in terms of volume, with a considerably low share of the total value of the market. However, the requirement to substitute only the lowest-priced listed drug risks undermining the competitiveness of the generic drug industry...
    DOI: 10.1787/135870415741
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Battle against Exclusion : Social Assistance in Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264012035
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion ; L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combattre l'exclusion : L'aide sociale en Belgique, en Norvège, aux Pays-Bas et en République tchèque
    RVK:
    QX 040
    RVK:
    QX 900
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Czech Republic ; Netherlands ; Norway ; Soziale Sicherheit ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Isolation
    Abstract: Institutions whose goal is to help those at the margins have been a feature of social life for centuries. Today, social assistance institutions have integration and encouragement as their goal. They seek to avoid exclusion and stigmatisation.Poverty can tear at the fabric of society. However, preventing hardship among those with no resources while reducing exclusion and marginalisation is no easy task. How can social assistance best balance these goals, minimising disincentives to paid employment? What can be done to promote independence and individual responsibility?This book compares the social assistance policies of Belgium, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Norway. Although at first sight these countries appear very different, in fact the same policy dilemmas exist in the four countries. That local action is necessary to identify and help the excluded is accepted, but the balance between ensuring that sufficient resources are available at the local level while limiting budgets so as to ensure efficient use of resources is a continuing preoccupation. Governments stress their commitment to combat poverty, but benefits cannot be raised too high because this would harm work incentives. Different institutions sometimes disagree about whether benefit recipients are "job ready" or whether more social help is needed. No country has yet found a policy package which prevents exclusion, but innovative policies in each of these four countries are proving successful in limiting its extent.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264012035-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants in Denmark (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 80 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.50
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Denmark
    Abstract: The labour market integration of immigrants has been a key issue both in the public debate and on the government agenda in Denmark, triggered by unfavourable employment outcomes of immigrants – the gaps in employment rates of immigrants compared to the native-born are among the highest in the OECD – and a rapid rise of the immigrant population during the past twenty years. Prior to the 1980s, immigration to Denmark was a very marginal phenomenon. Despite the rapid growth since then, with less than 7% immigrants in the population, Denmark still has one of the smallest immigrant populations in Western Europe...
    DOI: 10.1787/233783261534
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relations entre l'investissement direct étranger, les échanges et la politique commerciale : Analyse économique appliquée au secteur alimentaire des pays de l'OCDE et études de cas au Ghana, au Mozambique, en Ouganda et en Tunisie (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Linkage Between foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Trade Policy: An Economic Analysis with Application to the Food Sector in OECD Countries and Case Studies in Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisia and Uganda
    Keywords: Trade ; Ghana ; Mozambique ; Tunisia ; Uganda
    Abstract: À travers une analyse empirique et des études de cas, ce document examine la relation entre l'investissement direct étranger (IDE), les échanges et les politiques liées au commerce dans les pays de l'OCDE et dans quatre pays d'Afrique (Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisie et Ouganda). Dans les pays de l'OCDE, les droits de douane et les mesures de soutien du marché peuvent avoir des retombées importantes sur la répartition géographique de l?IDE. L?IDE peut aussi constituer un moyen d?éviter ou de contourner les droits de douane. Les entreprises d'un pays peuvent également investir dans un autre pays pour profiter des préférences tarifaires dont ce deuxième pays bénéficie auprès d?un troisième pays. La participation à un accord régional de libre-échange ou à une union douanière, comme l'ALENA ou l'UE, ouvre généralement des possibilités d'investissement. Les mesures de soutien des prix du marché agricole peuvent encourager l'investissement sortant et décourager l'investissement entrant. Globalement, l'IDE et les échanges semblent se compléter l'un l'autre. Les quatre études de cas effectuées en Afrique mettent en évidence les interactions entre la réglementation, l'investissement étranger et les échanges. L'IDE peut par exemple aider les entreprises à se donner les moyens de satisfaire aux normes des marchés des pays de l'OCDE. La mise en place d'organismes de promotion des investissements et la création de zones franches pour l'industrie d'exportation semblent constituer des phases préparatoires qui apprennent aux pays à attirer l'IDE. Les accords commerciaux préférentiels, tels que l'initiative « Tout sauf les armes » de l'UE ou l'African Growth Opportunity Act des États-Unis, peuvent avoir un impact sur les échanges et l'investissement. Outre les politiques commerciales, divers politiques et facteurs influent largement sur la localisation et la répartition de l'IDE. Comme le montre l'expérience des pays de l'OCDE, les facteurs tels que le PIB d’un pays (autrement dit la taille de son marché) joue à cet égard un rôle important, de même que les coûts de production et de transport. Une autre considération qui entre en ligne de compte est l'intensité de la concurrence sur le marché visé. Dans les quatre pays d'Afrique étudiés, le risque pays et le niveau d'infrastructure peuvent influer sur le volume d'IDE attiré.
    DOI: 10.1787/148885747050
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Addressing Labour Market Duality in Korea (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.61
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The Korean labor market has created many jobs over the past several decades, accompanying rapid economic growth. More recently, this favorable job performance has gone hand-in-hand with a rapid increase of temporary employment and other flexible or atypical work arrangements (usually called "non-regular" work in Korea. This trend has raised much concern in Korean society about the risk of persistent labor market duality and the various downsides associated with such a development...
    DOI: 10.1787/058184274204
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pension Reform in China : Progress and Prospects (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: China is currently in the process of developing the largest pension system in the world, and it is doing this at a time of unparalleled economic and demographic transition. The central government has followed a step-by-step approach to develop a system that can accommodate a rapidly aging society within a rapidly growing, but still largely underdeveloped economy. This paper analyses how far the process of creating a national old age insurance system had proceeded by the end of 2006. It provides a detailed description of this system and an assessment of to what degree it has so far achieved ?its primary goal of social security for more people? (Chinese Government, September 2006)...
    DOI: 10.1787/177401288023
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  • 15
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    Online Resource
    Minimum Wages, Minimum Labour Costs and the Tax Treatment of Low-Wage Employment (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: International comparisons of minimum-wage levels have largely focused on the gross value of minimum wages, ignoring the effects of taxation on both labour costs and the net income of employees. This paper presents estimates of the tax burdens facing minimum-wage workers. These are used as a basis for cross-country comparisons of the net earnings of these workers as well as the cost of employing them. In addition, results show the evolution of net incomes and labour costs during the 2000-2005 period and the relative importance of minimum-wage adjustments and...
    DOI: 10.1787/337686556262
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  • 16
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    The Integration of Immigrants into the Labour Market : The Case of Sweden (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: The current situation regarding the integration of immigrants in the labour market in Sweden is the consequence of a number of factors and developments. The past fifteen years have seen a higher share of humanitarian migration in Sweden than in the past. This is a form of migration for which labour market integration appears to be slower than for other forms of migration in all countries. At the same time there has been a growing diversification of migration away from “Western” countries to those with a greater cultural distance...
    DOI: 10.1787/235635254863
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  • 17
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    Issues of Dual Use and Reviewing Product Coverage of Environmental Goods (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2007/01
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Importing "environmental" goods which are also used for other than environmental purposes and ensuring that they represent the most appropriate technology for a particular environmental problem are key concerns to be addressed in the approaches currently being discussed under paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Agenda. By drawing lessons from experiences with WTO sectoral agreements such as the Agreements on Information Technology (ITA), Trade in Pharmaceutical Products and Trade in Civil Aircraft as well as relevant national schemes, this paper explores possible options to address these two issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/113773714837
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  • 18
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    Conflict-of-Interest Policies and Practices in Nine EU Member States : A Comparative Review (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1-40
    Keywords: Economics ; France ; Germany ; Hungary ; Italy ; Latvia ; Poland ; Portugal ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: This paper was prepared by Sigma, upon the request of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic, to serve as a basic comparative working document for the preparation of a new policy and regulation on conflict of interest in the Czech public sector. Given its generalist orientation, the paper could also be useful for other countries carrying out specific reforms in the area of conflict of interest and general reforms related to anti-corruption policies and instruments.This paper provides descriptive data and an analytical overview of approaches to managing conflicts of interest in the public sector of nine European countries - six "old" EU members (France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom) and three "new" EU members (Hungary, Latvia and Poland). The paper also provides some conclusions that are worth taking into account when reforming policies and instruments to improve regulations and practices on conflict of interest.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art4-en
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  • 19
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    The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants in Germany (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 67 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.47
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany
    Abstract: The current situation of the labour market integration of migrants in Germany has to be viewed in the light of its immigration history. During the post-war economic boom, until 1973, Germany focused on the recruitment of low-skilled foreign labour. Many of these “guestworker” immigrants settled and were joined by their foreign spouses, which has given rise to a second generation of persons with an immigrant background. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Germany received massive immigration flows of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. Shortly after the peak immigration of ethnic Germans, Germany received large numbers of humanitarian migrants. German statistics only distinguish along nationality lines. This hampers assessment of the situation as this does not take account of ethnic Germans – who have German nationality and are now the most important immigrant group, although they face difficulties similar to those of other migrant groups. Assessment based on nationality is also problematic since immigrants with a foreign nationality have increasingly and selectively taken up German citizenship. There is a clear need for statistics based on the country of birth...
    DOI: 10.1787/238411133860
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  • 20
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    Regulatory Reform and Market Openness : Processes to Assess Effectively the Trade and Investment Impact of Regulation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.48
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.48
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Evidence suggests that differences in regulatory requirements of individual economies may actually impede gains from trade liberalization, while a smooth functioning, transparent regulatory system can have positive effects on trade and investment flows. This has increasingly induced policy makers to pay closer attention to the complementarities and interconnectedness between domestic regulatory reform and market openness. This study focuses on identifying regulatory processes, tools and policies adopted in order to support market openness and improve trade and investment opportunities. Although the elaboration of a market openness assessment toolkit is still at early stages, a number of promising approaches do come out, even if a number of issues call for further attention and work, on which the trade policy community might wish to focus in the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/154631866770
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  • 21
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    L' aide au commerce : Comment la rendre efficace (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028623
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.)
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Aid for Trade; Making it Effective
    Keywords: Development ; Trade
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage renseigne sur les montants que les pays de l'OCDE consentent déjà au titre de l'aide en faveur d'activités liées aux échanges. Il évalue l’efficacité des programmes, et fait valoir que le renforcement de la responsabilité mutuelle au niveau local et la mise en place d’un mécanisme d’examen à l’échelle mondiale faciliteraient l'impact de l'aide pour le commerce.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028623-fr
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  • 22
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    Faire des migrations un atout : Pour un nouveau système de mobilité (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037434
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gaining from Migration; Towards a New Mobility System
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Abstract: Ce rapport est une synthèse des recommandations visant à examiner comment nous pouvons tirer meilleur parti des migrations. Elles sont le fruit d’un projet entrepris en partenariat avec la Commission européenne pour repenser les multiples aspects de la gestion du nouveau système de mobilité internationale. On trouvera dans cet ouvrage des idées nouvelles et prometteuses tirées d’un examen approfondi de l’expérience de l’Europe et d’autres régions dans des domaines aussi divers que le marché du travail, l’intégration, la coopération pour le développement et la mobilisation des diasporas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037434-fr
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  • 23
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    Comprendre l'impact social de l'éducation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Understanding the Social Outcomes of Learning
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: L'éducation est un élément clé du succès économique, aussi bien des nations que des individus. Pour la première fois, l'OCDE tente de rassembler et de synthétiser dans cet ouvrage les développements relatifs à la mesure de ces effets sociaux. L'accent est mis sur deux grands domaines : la santé, et l'engagement civique et social. En général, plus on est éduqué, plus on est en bonne santé et plus on participe aux activités d'ordre civique. Pourquoi est-ce ainsi ? Ce rapport offre des perspectives et des modèles nouveaux sur ces importantes questions d'actualité. Pour ce faire, il se fonde sur des travaux couvrant 13 pays de l'OCDE : l'Autriche, la Belgique (flamande), le Canada, la Corée du Sud, les États-Unis, le Japon, le Luxembourg, la Norvège, la Nouvelle-Zélande, les Pays-Bas, le Royaume-Uni (Angleterre et Écosse), la Suède et la Suisse.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034204-fr
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  • 24
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    Villes et compétitivité : Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024090
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competitive Cities; A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm in Spatial Development
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Japan ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; United States
    Abstract: La mondialisation de l’économie et l’intensification de la concurrence intervilles qui s’ensuivit ont profondément changé la gouvernance des régions urbaines. Ceci est particulièrement clair dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire. Ce changement est souvent décrit comme l’évolution d’un mode de gouvernance managériale, dont le principal souci est de mettre concrètement les services publics à la disposition des citoyens, à celui de l’entrepreneurialisme. L’entrepreneurialisme se caractérise surtout par la prise de risque, l’innovation, par l’importance qu’il attache au secteur privé, ainsi que par des approches stratégiques favorisant la croissance économique. Cette étude fait le tour des problèmes que l’entrepreneurialisme urbain devra surmonter pour maintenir et renforcer sa légitimité en ce XXIe siècle. En effet, les responsables de la politique de la ville devront répondre à un éventail de plus en plus large de préoccupations sociales, environnementales et culturelles, en même temps qu’économiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024090-fr
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  • 25
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    Enhancing Incentives to Improve Performance in the Education System in France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.570
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcer les incitations à une meilleure performance du système éducatif en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: The French education system has a mixed record. A generally very successful pre-school and primary school level contrasts with underfunded public universities with high dropout rates which exist alongside very successful higher education institutions for elites. Initial education, especially secondary education and the universities, along with labour market policies themselves, do not always succeed in improving labour market entry for a significant proportion of young people. Parts of the management of education have been decentralised, yet educational institutions themselves generally have a very restricted degree of autonomy. The system of performance measurement and incentives, at all levels of education, needs to be reviewed. This Working Paper relates to the 2007 OECD Economic Survey of France (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), and is also available in French under the title “Renforcer les incitations à une meilleure performance du système éducatif en France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/127375127310
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  • 26
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    Globalisation and Labour Markets : Policy Issues Arising from the Emergence of China and India (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.63
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Globalisation is having important effects on labour markets in OECD countries. The global supply of labour has increased enormously with the emergence of China and India. At the same time technological advances have contributed to heightened income inequality and changed the nature of globalisation itself, most vividly demonstrated by the rapid growth of offshoring of business services that were previously nontradable. It is argued in this paper that these developments are best characterized as an intensification and broadening of the process of globalisation rather than a fundamental change in the nature of globalisation. They will, nevertheless, have long-lasting effects on OECD labour markets, increasing the urgency of implementing the labour market policies set out in the Restated OECD Job Strategy. The paper concludes that the most important implication of the emergence of China and India in the context of widespread perceptions of increasing economic inequality may be to reduce support for globalisation in OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/057638253043
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  • 27
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    Linkage Between foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Trade Policy : An Economic Analysis with Application to the Food Sector in OECD Countries and Case Studies in Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisia and Uganda (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.50
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.50
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relations entre l'investissement direct étranger, les échanges et la politique commerciale : Analyse économique appliquée au secteur alimentaire des pays de l'OCDE et études de cas au Ghana, au Mozambique, en Ouganda et en Tunisie
    Keywords: Trade ; Ghana ; Mozambique ; Tunisia ; Uganda
    Abstract: Through empirical analysis and case studies, this document explores the relationships amongst foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and trade-related policies in OECD and four African countries (Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisia and Uganda). In OECD countries, tariffs and market price support may have an effect on how FDI is distributed geographically. FDI may be used to avoid or "jump" tariffs. Also, investors in a home country may invest in a host country to exploit the preferential tariffs that the host has with a third country. Participation in a regional trading agreement or customs union, e.g. NAFTA or the EU, may create investment opportunities. Market price support to agriculture may encourage outward investment and discourage inward investment. In aggregate, FDI and trade appear to complement one another. The four case studies in Africa highlight the interactions amongst regulations, foreign investment and trade. For example, FDI is useful in helping the firm develop the resources to meet the standards of OECD markets. Investment promotion agencies and export processing zones appear to prepare countries to attract FDI. Preferential trading agreements like the Everything but Arms with EU and the African Growth Opportunity Act with the US may have an impact on trade and investment. Beyond trade policies, other policies and factors contribute substantially to the location and distribution of FDI. As seen amongst OECD countries, factors like the GDP of a country (i.e. market size) and cost of production and transport can have an effect on FDI. Another factor that influences FDI is the degree of market competitiveness. For the four African countries, the country risk and the level of infrastructure can influence the volume of FDI attracted.
    DOI: 10.1787/152275474424
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  • 28
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    The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy : Executive Summary (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Analysis carried out in this report indicates that international trade in counterfeit and pirated products could have been up to USD 200 billion in 2005. This total does not include domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated products and the significant volume of pirated digital products being distributed via the Internet. If these items were added, the total magnitude of counterfeiting and piracy worldwide could well be several hundred billion dollars more. Counterfeiting and piracy are illicit businesses in which criminal networks thrive. The report shows that the items that they and other counterfeiters and pirates produce and distribute are often substandard and can even be dangerous, posing health and safety risks that range from mild to life-threatening. Economy-wide, counterfeiting and piracy undermine innovation, which is key to economic growth. The magnitude and effects of counterfeiting and piracy are of such significance that they compel strong and sustained action from governments, business and consumers. More effective enforcement is critical in this regard, as is the need to build public support to combat the counterfeiting and piracy. Increased co-operation between governments, and with industry, would be beneficial, as would better data collection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037274-en
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  • 29
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    Do Bilateral and Regional Approaches for Reducing Technical Barriers to Trade Converge Towards the Multilateral Trading System? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 75 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.58
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.58
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les approaches bilatérales et régionales adoptées pour réduire les obstacles techniques au commerce convergent-elles vers le système commercial multilatéral ?
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: As part of its work on regionalism, the OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate has completed a series of studies that compare rule-making provisions in regional trade agreements with those in the World Trade Organisation (e.g., in the area of services, investment and competition). This paper aims to complement existing studies, by examining legal provisions regarding "technical barriers to trade" (i.e., technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures) in selected bilateral and regional trade agreements, and their degree of similarity and convergence with the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, and with each other. The study reveals that most provisions regarding technical barriers to trade (TBT) included in bilateral and regional trade agreements converge towards the multilateral trading system. When implemented effectively, agreements seeking deeper economic integration and regulatory cooperation, in particular, can complement and strengthen the implementation the WTO Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade by setting the pace for improved regulatory practices and TBT-related infrastructure in member countries (e.g., through regional consultation fora and joint standardisation and accreditation bodies). Some caveats however remain. When overlapping agreements promote different criteria for the harmonisation of standard-related measures and when bilateral or regional initiatives are conducted in isolation from international efforts and divert attention from multilateral trade and standards-related negotiations, new obstacles may arise both for regulators and businesses. Such constraints are further magnified for low income countries afflicted by administrative and technical capacity-related problems. To remedy these potential problems, the study proposes a number of policy recommendations.
    DOI: 10.1787/051058723767
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  • 30
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    Education et structures d'accueil (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035485
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (450 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis II
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Cet examen consacré à l’éducation et à l’accueil des jeunes enfants (EAJE) dans 20 pays de l’OCDE décrit les facteurs sociaux et économiques ainsi que les concepts et les recherches qui influent sur la politique de la petite enfance. Parmi ceux-ci, on peut citer la participation grandissante des femmes au marché du travail, la nécessité de permettre à celles-ci de concilier responsabilités professionnelles et familiales de façon plus équitable pour elles, les défis démographiques auxquels sont confrontés les pays de l’OCDE et surtout les problèmes d’accès, de qualité, de diversité, de pauvreté infantile et de handicap scolaire auxquels il faut s’attaquer. Petite enfance, grands défis II souligne les progrès accomplis par 20 pays dans la mise en œuvre des grands principes d’une politique d’EAJE réussie – principes définis dans le premier volume, Petite enfance, grands défis (OCDE, 2001). Ce deuxième volume offre également de nombreux exemples d’initiatives nouvelles en matière d’EAJE. Dans leurs conclusions, les auteurs recensent dix domaines d’action requérant l’attention des pouvoirs publics. L’ouvrage présente aussi des « profils nationaux » qui donnent une vue d’ensemble des systèmes d’EAJE en place dans les 20 pays examinés.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035485-fr
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  • 31
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    L' environnement et les accords commerciaux régionaux (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264020160
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (256 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and Regional Trade Agreements
    Keywords: Environment ; Trade
    Abstract: Ces dernières années, le nombre d’accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR) a considérablement augmenté. Le nombre d’accords commerciaux régionaux qui comportent des dispositions environnementales augmente également. Or, ces dispositions et les enseignements dégagés de leur négociation et de leur mise en oeuvre n’ont pas encore fait l’objet d’un examen approfondi. Cette étude vise à combler cette lacune. Elle répertorie les dispositifs relatifs aux questions d’environnement dans les ACR et les pratiques des pays en ce qui concerne la négociation et la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs. Elle examine les accords commerciaux régionaux et bilatéraux, y compris les unions douanières et les accords de libre échange. L’étude s’appuie sur l’analyse des textes des ACR et des rapports qui examinent leur mise en œuvre, ainsi que sur les observations et informations communiquées par des experts de pays de l’OCDE ou hors OCDE.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264020160-fr
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Slovak Republic 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032705
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Slovak Republic
    RVK:
    QG 477
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Slowakei ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovak Republic ; Slowakei ; Arbeitsvermittlung ; Junger Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a poor beginning can be difficult to make up. This report surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in the Slovak Republic, and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work. The report also provides a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032705-en
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    Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) : Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038189
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (196 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sickness, Disability and Work; Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 2); Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Luxembourg ; Spain ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Trop de travailleurs quittent pour toujours le marché du travail pour raison de santé. Et trop de personnes affectées d’un handicap se voient refuser la possibilité de travailler. C’est une tragédie à la fois sociale et économique qui frappe pratiquement l’ensemble des pays de l’OCDE. Ce rapport analyse les facteurs qui pourraient expliquer ce paradoxe. Les auteurs s’intéressent plus particulièrement aux cas de l’Australie, de l’Espagne, du Luxembourg et du Royaume-Uni et mettent en lumière le rôle des institutions et des politiques. Cet ouvrage recommande un éventail de réformes susceptibles de répondre aux défis auxquels ces quatre pays font face.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038189-fr
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  • 34
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    Klimawandel in den Alpen : Anpassung des Wintertourismus und des Naturgefahrenmanagements (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264016071
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Climate Change in the European Alps; Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Changements climatiques dans les Alpes européennes ; Adapter le tourisme d'hiver et la gestion des risques naturels
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Dieser Bericht untersucht die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die Wirtschaft in den Alpen. Dabei liegt der Schwerpunkt auf den Anpassungsstrategien zur Bewältigung zweier besonders neuralgischer Punkte: der zunehmenden Einbußen im Wintertourismus infolge der abnehmenden Schneedecke und der wachsenden Gefährdung von Einrichtungen und Infrastruktur durch Naturrisiken.Diese Veröffentlichung enthält die erste systematische länderübergreifende Analyse der Schneesicherheit der alpinen Skigebiete im Kontext des Klimawandels für fünf Länder der Region: Frankreich, Schweiz, Österreich, Italien und Deutschland. Sie untersucht die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels im Hinblick auf eine Reihe in den Alpen bereits existierender Naturgefahren, wobei der Schwerpunkt insbesondere auf den Rahmenbedingungen und Finanzierungsmechanismen für das Naturgefahrenmanagement in drei Ländern liegt: Frankreich, Schweiz und Österreich. Auch die technologischen und verhaltensbezogenen Anpassungsmaßnahmen sind, gemeinsam mit den institutionellen Strukturen und Risikotransfermechanismen, Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Die Implikationen dieser Beurteilung betreffen nicht nur die Alpen, sondern auch andere Gebirgssysteme, in denen sich ähnliche klimatische und kontextuelle Herausforderungen stellen, wie z.B. in Nordamerika, Australien und Neuseeland. Der Fall der Alpen mit ihrer hohen Anpassungskapazität bietet Beispiele guter Praxis, die nicht nur im Kontext anderer Industriestaaten, sondern auch von Entwicklungsländern wertvoll sind.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264016071-de
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    Trade-Related Assistance : What Do Recent Evaluations Tell Us? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031203
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assistance technique liée au commerce ; Que nous apprennent les évaluations récentes ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lesser, Caroline Trade-related assistance
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Internationale Finanzhilfe ; Entwicklungsländer ; Development ; Trade ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Exportförderung ; Entwicklungsländer
    Abstract: This report draws on key findings and recommendations emerging from available donor evaluation reports, assesses factors that have contributed to the success (or failure) of past programmes, and provides guidance for enhancing the effectiveness and impact of future trade-related assistance. It provides a timely input to the ongoing discussions amongst the aid and trade communities on effectively designing and delivering “aid for trade” as a complement to the Doha Development Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031203-en
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  • 36
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    Export Processing Zones : Past and Future Role in Trade and Development (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.53
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.53
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Zones franches d'exportation : leur rôle passé et futur dans les échanges et le développement
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper studies export processing zones (EPZs) which have become increasingly popular as a policy tool for development and export-oriented growth, and can be found in 130 countries around the world. The report consists of four parts. Part I provides a broad overview on the current use of EPZs, including the evolution of EPZ policy, their objectives and how these are achieved, and the incentives commonly offered. It presents case studies from China, India and Russia illustrating new trends and policies. Part II then provides a review of the economic costs and benefits of EPZs with particular focus on their trade and employment implications. Part III presents an analysis of how common EPZ policies relate to trade rules. It reviews the relationship between EPZs and the WTO Agreements such as the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), followed by a discussion of how EPZs are commonly treated in RTAs. Part IV concludes. EPZs are a sub-optimal policy from an economic point of view since it benefits the few and distorts resource allocation, but may be useful as a stepping stone to trade liberalisation on a national basis. Governments should consider all available policy options, and conduct a thorough cost/benefit analysis before implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/035168776831
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    Services Trade Liberalisation and Tourism Development (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.57
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.57
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This study analyses the role that services trade liberalisation could play in fostering tourism growth in developing countries. The economic and social importance of tourism means that the industry is high on the list of development priorities in many developing countries and LDCs. In order to have a successful tourism export industry, effective linkages need to be established with many different sectors, most of which are other services. Trade and investment liberalisation at the national, regional and multilateral levels can be a means to complement national efforts to attain these goals. Sustainable tourism development, though, requires strong public sector management and support. Due consideration needs to be given to develop effective regulation, including competition policy and institutions, to avoid exceeding the carrying capacity of assets, and to strengthen national capacity in order to minimise financial leakages.
    DOI: 10.1787/244767010605
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  • 38
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    Life-Expectancy Risk and Pensions : Who Bears the Burden? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.60
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Two-thirds of pension reforms in OECD countries in the last 15 years contain measures that will automatically link future pensions to changes in life expectancy. This quiet revolution in pension policy means that the financial costs of longer lives will be shared between generations subject to a rule, rather than spreading the burden through potentially divisive political battles as happened in the past. As a result, nearly half of OECD countries - 13 out of 30 - now have an automatic link between pensions and life expectancy in their retirement-income systems, compared with only one country (Denmark) a decade ago. Indeed, the spread of this policy has a strong claim as the major innovation in pension policy in recent years. The link to life expectancy has been achieved in four different ways...
    DOI: 10.1787/060025254440
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  • 39
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    Audit du service public de l'emploi au Luxembourg (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 104 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.59
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Luxembourg’s unemployment rate - which was extremely low in the 1970s and 1980s, and in the 1990s increased considerably but still remained low compared with other countries - has since 2004 been close to 5%. This report first compares Luxembourg’s experience with that of "reference countries", which also provide a high level of social protection. as measured by the level of unemployment insurance and minimum income benefits. The country’s small size and the importance of cross-border commuting in the country has certain advantages for the Public Employment Service (PES) and generates some additional constraints, but the policy options remain generally similar to those tried by the other reference countries. Several of these countries (Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland) also had very low unemployment into the 1980s. In general, the countries which first introduced generous unemployment benefits only in the 1970s suffered high levels of unemployment about 20 years later, and from this point of view the PES in Luxembourg has managed to keep unemployment relatively low longer than almost anywhere else. The steady increase in the level of registered unemployment relative to unemployment in the sense of the labour force survey from 1975 to 2000 indicates progressive change: the rigorous management and the stigmatisation of unemployment which motivated unemployed people not to register in the early years has been progressively replaced by a situation where some people who register are not available for all types of work. The introduction of a minimum income benefit in 1986 and various extensions of entitlement to passive benefits in 2002 and 2003 have also increased the number of PES clients who are difficult to place...
    DOI: 10.1787/063038152436
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  • 40
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    Trend in International Migration Flows and Stocks,1975-2005 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.58
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This paper discusses broad trends in the rates and levels of international migration over the past three decades, the places that migrants leave from and the destinations they choose; and some of the demographic and policy implications of these trends. It raises some features of international mobility trends over the past three decades that are, superficially, somewhat contradictory: stable rates of emigration but growing numbers of emigrants; and an apparent dynamism in the flow but a stable concentration of migrants going to more developed nations. On the one hand, these facts can be somewhat simply resolved by reference to the demographic divide between the less and more developed world. On the other hand, these facts hold implications for the past and future impacts of admission policies on international mobility.
    DOI: 10.1787/063461607124
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  • 41
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    Examining the Trade Effect of Certain Customs and Administrative Procedures (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.42
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.42
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Recent research at OECD provides new evidence that customs and administrative procedures have substantial effects on trade flows. Although customs and administrative procedures are necessary for the smooth application of trade and other policies, they can ?thicken? the borders between trading partners if the customs and administrative procedures are more stringent than necessary or...
    DOI: 10.1787/278266703766
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  • 42
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    Climate Change in the European Alps : Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031692
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Climate change in the European Alps
    DDC: 338.47914
    RVK:
    AR 23100
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Klimawandel ; Tourismus ; Wintersport ; Katastrophe ; Alpenraum ; Climatic changes ; Tourism ; Hazard mitigation ; Environment ; Austria ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Switzerland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Alpen ; Management ; Naturkatastrophe ; Klimaänderung ; Wintertourismus
    Abstract: This report assesses the implications of climate change on winter tourism and natural hazards management in the European Alps, with a particular focus on how these activities can adapt to climate change. The report presents the first systematic cross-country analysis of the effects of climate change on snow-reliability in the European Alps. It also examines the implications of climate change for a range of natural hazards prevalent in the Alps, with a particular focus on frameworks and financial mechanisms to manage natural hazards in three countries: France, Switzerland and Austria. Technological and behavioural adaptation measures, together with institutional structures and risk transfer mechanisms, are also reviewed.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031692-en
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  • 43
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    Zones franches d'exportation : leur rôle passé et futur dans les échanges et le développement (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Export Processing Zones: Past and Future Role in Trade and Development
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: On trouvera dans ce document une étude des zones franches d’exportation (ZFE), de plus en plus répandues comme instrument de développement et de croissance fondée sur l’exportation, puisqu’elles sont utilisées aujourd’hui par plus de 100 pays dans le monde entier.
    DOI: 10.1787/034675306778
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  • 44
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    Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform : The Impact on World Commodity Markets (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027886
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles ; Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles : Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liapis, Peter S. Agricultural policy and trade reform
    RVK:
    QS 200
    Keywords: Agrarpolitik ; Internationale Handelspolitik ; Verteilungswirkung ; Welt ; Agriculture and state ; Commercial policy ; Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Industriestaaten ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agraraußenhandelspolitik ; Protektionismus ; Liberalisierung ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Preisänderung
    Abstract: The governments of most developed, and many developing, countries impose border measures—tariffs, tariff rate quotas and export subsidies—to boost the domestic market prices of agricultural commodities. In some OECD countries, governments also provide financial support to their agricultural sector through other means, such as direct budgetary payments, production quotas and marketing-loan programs. These interventions typically distort the allocation of resources, leading to sub-optimal production and consumption decisions. Widespread agricultural policy reform would undoubtedly improve the global allocation of resources. But, due to differential protection levels and policy instruments across commodities and among countries, reform can also produce a complex pattern of adjustments, some of which may appear to be counter-intuitive. Using a partial-equilibrium agricultural commodity model with rich policy detail, this study examines the market impacts of agricultural policy reform annually over a 10-year horizon. The study finds that the biggest impacts of agricultural policy reform would be on world dairy markets. Including the effect of non-agricultural liberalisation from a general-equilibrium model does not meaningfully alter results, suggesting that sectoral analysis in many cases is sufficient. Also in this series: Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform: Potential Effects at Global, National and Household Levels
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027886-en
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  • 45
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    What Works Best in Reducing Child Poverty : A Benefit or Work Strategy? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 55 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.51
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Child poverty is firmly on the policy agenda in many OECD countries. One of the main issues in the debate is the appropriate balance between the so-called “benefits strategy” (increasing the adequacy of benefits for low-income families with children) and the so-called “work strategy” (promoting policies to increase employment among poor families). The need to choose between these two apparent alternatives is sometimes seen as a consequence of an unavoidable trade-off between adequacy of benefits, work incentives and the costs of assistance...
    DOI: 10.1787/233310267230
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  • 46
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    The Impact of Pro-Competitive Reforms on Trade in Developing Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.54
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.54
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report proposes an analysis of the mutually reinforcing relationship between trade, investment and competition policies and how together they impact trade in developing countries. An index of pro-competitive reforms is provided for 82 countries over the period 2001-2005. The index synthesises 13 indicators of the policy stance of countries with regard to trade, investment and competition. It is then used in quantitative analysis to determine the impact of barriers to competitive markets on trade. The results shows that there are substantial gains for developing countries in market and regulatory reforms in terms of higher trade flows and higher income per capita. Moreover, the paper further examines pro-competitive reforms in key services sectors and the extent to which trade agreements can promote them through the experience of the WTO telecoms Reference Paper. The analysis highlights that countries achieved a high degree of liberalisation in the telecoms sector and that regulatory principles of the Reference Paper were useful in promoting sound policies under domestic regulatory reforms of the sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/147131508107
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  • 47
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    La gestion de la vitesse (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282103807
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (308 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Speed Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestión de velocidad
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Transport
    Abstract: La vitesse excessive est aujourd'hui responsable d'environ un tiers du nombre - inacceptable - de tués sur les routes. Réduire les vitesses moyennes de seulement 5% permettrait de sauver environ 20% des tués sur les routes. Ce rapport, préparé par un Groupe de travail du Centre conjoint OCDE/CEMT de Recherche sur les Transports, examine ces enjeux importants et identifie les améliorations nécessaires pour s’attaquer au problème de la vitesse, que ce soit au niveau des politiques ou de l’exploitation des infrastructures. Il esquisse un cadre pour parvenir au meilleur résultat en termes de sécurité routière tout en préservant l'environnement et en contribuant à une mobilité durable.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282103807-fr
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  • 48
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    Le capital humain : Comment le savoir détermine notre vie (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029118 , 9789264107021
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (163 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Les essentiels de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Humankapital; Wie Wissen unser Leben bestimmt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics
    Abstract: Cette première publication de la série Les essentiels de l’OCDE examine l’importance grandissante du capital humain dans la vie économique et sociale – notre éducation, nos qualifications, nos compétences et notre savoir. Alors que l'économie des pays développés se tertiarise, le succès économique des individus et des économies nationales dépend de plus en plus de la qualité du capital humain. Enrichir ce capital devient donc une priorité majeure des pouvoirs publics, notamment pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés qui risquent d’être marginalisés davantage. Mettre l’accent sur le développement de la petite enfance, améliorer la qualité et le choix de l’enseignement scolaire, viser l’excellence dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, et enfin faciliter l’accès à l’éducation et à la formation des adultes, sont quelques unes des pistes suivies. S’inspirant d’études et d’analyses de l’OCDE, cette publication dynamique explique en termes simples comment les pays de l’OCDE relèvent le défi et tentent d’augmenter leur capital humain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029118-fr
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  • 49
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    Changements climatiques dans les Alpes européennes : Adapter le tourisme d'hiver et la gestion des risques naturels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031715
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Climate Change in the European Alps; Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Klimawandel in den Alpen; Anpassung des Wintertourismus und des Naturgefahrenmanagements
    RVK:
    QK 620
    RVK:
    PP 8080
    Keywords: Environment ; Austria ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente la première analyse internationale systématique des effets du changement climatique sur la fiabilité de l’enneigement dans les Alpes. Ces dernières années ont été parmi les plus chaudes des cinq siècles écoulés, et les projections des modèles climatiques annoncent des changements encore plus nets dans la région au cours des décennies à venir. Conjuguée au recul des glaciers et à la fonte du permafrost en altitude, la diminution de la quantité de neige, plus bas, aura un impact non négligeable sur les activités touristiques tributaires de la neige et sur la gestion des risques naturels. Au-delà des Alpes, les implications de cette évaluation peuvent être extrapolées à d’autres chaînes de montagnes susceptibles d’être confrontées à des problèmes climatiques et contextuels similaires, par exemple en Amérique du Nord, en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031715-fr
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  • 50
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    Genetic Testing: A Survey of Quality Assurance and Proficiency Standards (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032026
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (131 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report presents the results of a survey of over 800 genetic testing laboratory directors in 18 OECD countries. It provides the first detailed overview of the availability and extent of molecular genetic testing across OECD member countries. The survey allowed the OECD to compare practices in individual countries in order to inform international action in setting standards and developing guidelines for practice. Based on the survey results, the report puts forward recommendations for action for better quality assurance and proficiency of molecular genetic testing. It shows, for example, that requirements for licensing and accreditation/certification of diagnostic molecular genetic testing laboratories have not penetrated OECD countries to a high degree or with any consistency. Considerable variations exist in mechanisms of licensing, certification and accreditation, including the standards by which tests are performed, results are reported, and the qualifications for laboratory personnel.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032026-en
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  • 51
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    Comparing Administrative Burdens across Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (177 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Cutting Red Tape
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Reducir el papeleo. Comparación internacional de las cargas administrativas
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Comparing administrative burdens across countries
    DDC: 342.066
    RVK:
    MF 7800
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Bürokratie ; Befolgungskosten ; Straßengüterverkehr ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Canada ; Denmark ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Sweden ; Turkey ; Verkehrsbetrieb ; Bürokratie ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Cutting red tape to improve business conditions has become a priority in OECD countries. This pilot study measures and compares administrative burdens in the transport sector across eleven member countries: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and Turkey. The aim of the exercise is twofold: to identify good practices and provide input for national simplification strategies, and to develop and test a method for cross-country comparison. This report is published in English only. However, a French translation of the executive summary has been included in this volume.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037502-en
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    Services Trade and Domestic Regulation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.49
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.49
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper argues that regulatory measures affect the fixed cost of entering a market as well as the variable costs of servicing that market. Moreover, differences in regulation among countries often imply that firms have to incur entry costs in every new market. Indicators of regulatory intensity and heterogeneity are introduced in a gravity model and their impact on market entry and subsequent trade flows estimated for total services, business services and financial services. It is found that regulatory heterogeneity has a relatively large negative impact on both market entry and subsequent trade flows. Further, regulatory barriers have a negative effect on the local services sectors’ export performance. Finally it is found that regulations that aims at correcting market failure can have a positive impact on trade. It is concluded that services trade liberalization and regulatory reforms are complementary in creating competitive services markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/154365452587
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  • 53
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    The Unification of the Social Insurance Contribution Collection System in Korea (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.55
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea introduced industrial accident insurance (IACIS) in 1964, medical insurance (MIS) in 1977, pension insurance (NPS) in 1988 and employment insurance (EIS) in 1995. In line with Korea’s economic development, social insurance coverage has grown rapidly, and contribution coverage rates now generally exceed 80% for regular workers. However, the four social insurance systems developed separately. The main split in contribution collection methods has been between the insurances under the Ministry of Labour (EIS and IACIS) and those under the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MIS and NPS), although there are also some differences between MIS and NPS. About 50% of the staff in each system has been engaged in collection activities...
    DOI: 10.1787/122552153585
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  • 54
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    CSR and Trade: Informing Consumers about Social and Environmental Conditions of Globalised Production : Part I (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.47
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.47
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Focusing on consumer demands in OECD markets and voluntary initiatives taken in the private sector, this study investigates how consumers are informed about the social and environmental conditions under which products have been produced. Consumers of OECD increasingly attach importance to how companies they buy from conduct their business, and the voluntary adoption of CSR policies is spreading in the private sector. But how do consumers know...
    DOI: 10.1787/246322000033
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  • 55
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    De l'immigration à l'intégration : Des solutions locales à un défi mondial (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264028982
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (350 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Développement économique et création d'emplois locaux (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Immigration to Integration; Local Solutions to a Global Challenge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. From Immigration to Integration: Local Solutions to a Global Challenge
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Einwanderung ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Integration ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Pour tirer parti des avantages potentiels des migrations, il est indispensable que l’immigration aille de pair avec l’intégration, ou avec des dispositifs permettant de s’assurer que les immigrés s’intègrent réellement sur les marchés du travail, dans l’économie et dans la société. Certes, la politique en matière d’immigration est souvent décidée, conçue et financée à l’échelon national, mais son impact sur les immigrés et sur la collectivité en général est plus sensible à l’échelon local où elle est en contact avec d’autres politiques. Cet ouvrage met en évidence les principes et facteurs importants pour le soutien de l’intégration au niveau local. Il examine les initiatives locales mises en œuvre dans cinq pays de l’OCDE : le Canada, l’Espagne, l’Italie, le Royaume-Uni (Londres) et la Suisse. En comparant ces initiatives, cet ouvrage permet d’apporter des réponses à un certain nombre de questions clés que se posent tous les décideurs ainsi que les parties prenantes œuvrant dans ce domaine. L’ouvrage présente aux pouvoirs publics un ensemble de recommandations d’action concrètes à mettre en œuvre aussi bien au niveau local qu’au niveau national.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: From immigration to integration : local solutions to a global challenge
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264028982-fr
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  • 56
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    Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 2) : Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038165
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (178 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail ; surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) ; Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Maladie, invalidité et travail : surmonter les obstacles (Vol. 2) : Australie, Espagne, Luxembourg et Royaume-Uni
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Erwerbsunfähigkeit ; Krankheit ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Luxembourg ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; Australien ; Luxemburg ; Spanien ; Großbritannien ; Krankheit ; Erwerbsunfähigkeit
    Abstract: Too many workers leave the labour market permanently due to health problems, and yet too many people with a disabling condition are denied the opportunity to work. This second report in the OECD series Sickness, Disability and Work explores the possible factors behind this paradox. It looks specifically at the cases of Australia, Luxembourg, Spain and the United Kingdom, and highlights the roles of institutions and policies. A range of reform recommendations is put forward to deal with specific challenges facing the four countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038165-en
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  • 57
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    OECD Guidelines on Funding and Benefit Security in Occupational Pension Plans (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034600
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la capitalisation et la sécurité des prestations dans les plans de pension professionnels
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034600-en
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  • 58
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    Les interactions entre le chapitre sur l'investissement et le chapitre sur les services dans une sélection d'accords commerciaux régionaux (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 92 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Interaction between Investment and Services Chapters in Selected Regional trade Agreements
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Le présent document expose les résultats des travaux conjoints que le Groupe de travail du Comité des échanges et le Groupe de travail du Comité de l'investissement ont consacrés, au cours de la période 2006-2007, aux interactions entre chapitre sur l'investissement et chapitre sur les services dans un échantillon représentatif composé de 20 accords commerciaux régionaux (ACR). Notre étude comporte trois parties, précédées d'un bref récapitulatif des principaux résultats et d'une synthèse. La première partie analyse les interactions entre chapitre sur l'investissement et chapitre sur les services dans un échantillon représentatif de 20 accords. La deuxième partie analyse leurs effets sur le niveau de protection de l'investissement, tandis que la troisième analyse les effets des interactions et du principe NPF sur le degré de libéralisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/054012674020
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  • 59
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    Faire face aux défis de la décentralisation en France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.571
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Meeting the Challenges of Decentralisation in France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: En dépit de la réputation de la France, autrefois bien méritée, d’être un État très centralisé, un nombre significatif de compétences ont été transférées aux collectivités territoriales au cours des deux dernières décennies. Le processus n’a pas été simple. Le nombre excessivement élevé de communes de très petite taille rend difficile la réalisation d’économie d’échelle dans la mise en place des politiques et les mesures qui doivent y remédier n’ont, au mieux, réussi que partiellement. Les compétences sont souvent partagées entre les différents niveaux de gouvernement, mettant à mal la responsabilisation et l’État a souvent conservé un degré sans aucun doute trop élevé et inutile de prérogatives. Les principaux et difficiles défis consistent à réorganiser le système pour éviter les chevauchements de compétence et à améliorer la transparence et la responsabilisation des finances publiques locales. Ce document de travail est en rapport avec l’Étude économique sur la France de l’OCDE de l’année 2007 (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), et est également disponible en anglais, avec le titre “Meeting the challenges of decentralisation in France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/125763645442
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  • 60
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    Lutter contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale en France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 48 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.569
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion in France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Réduire la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale est un objectif essentiel de tous les gouvernements français. Même si la pauvreté, telle que mesurée conventionnellement, est en fait moins répandue que dans beaucoup d’autres pays, son ampleur est plus importante que ce qui peut être facilement accepté. L’approche des politiques actuelles consiste en un grand nombre de mesures façonnées pour des circonstances particulières. Certaines politiques ont des effets pervers sur la performance du marché du travail ; leur efficacité/coût pourrait donc être améliorée pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats avec les mêmes ressources. La concentration géographique et ethnique de la pauvreté et de l’exclusion sociale constitue l’un des défis les plus importants, qui ne peut être relevé qu’avec la contribution de l’éducation, du marché du travail, du logement, des politiques d’urbanisation et de lutte contre les discriminations ainsi que des services sociaux. Ce document de travail est en rapport avec l’Étude économique sur la France de l’OCDE de l’année 2007 (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), et est également disponible en anglais, avec le titre “Combating poverty and social exclusion in France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/128557272864
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  • 61
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    Promoting Pro-Poor Growth : Policy Guidance for Donors (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024786
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (319 p.)
    Series Statement: DAC Guidelines and Reference Series
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres ; Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Vers une croissance pro-pauvres : Orientations à l'intention des donneurs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Promoting pro-poor growth
    RVK:
    QG 020
    Keywords: Armut ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Privatwirtschaft ; Landwirtschaft ; Infrastruktur ; Entwicklungsländer ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum
    Abstract: For aid donors, the pro-poor growth agenda is not business as usual and more of the same will not be sufficient. Focusing on pro-poor growth and income poverty, Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors identifies binding constraints and offers policies and strategies to address them. Policy recommendations aim to help change donor behaviour and pave the way for more effective development co-operation in these areas. This compendium pays special attention to the role of private sector development, agriculture and infrastructure in pro-poor growth – areas that were neglected by many donors during the 1990s but are currently receiving renewed attention in the international development agenda. It also presents a methodology for conducting ex-ante poverty impact assessment, a valuable tool for those whose aim is to maximise the poverty reducing impacts of development interventions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024786-en
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  • 62
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    Trends in Severe Disability Among Elderly People : Assessing the Evidence in 12 OECD Countries and the Future Implications (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 81 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.26
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: As the number and share of the population aged 65 and over will continue to grow steadily in OECD countries over the next decades, improvements in the functional status of elderly people could help mitigate the rise in the demand for, and hence expenditure on, long-term care. This paper assesses the most recent evidence on trends in disability among the population aged 65 and over in 12 OECD countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. The focus is on reviewing trends in severe disability (or dependency), defined where possible as one or more limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADLs, such as eating, washing/bathing, dressing, and getting in and out of bed), given that such severe limitations tend to be closely related to demands for long-term care. One of the principal findings from this review is that there is clear evidence of a decline in disability among elderly people in only five of the twelve countries studied (Denmark, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States). Three countries (Belgium, Japan and Sweden) report an increasing rate of severe disability among people aged 65 and over during the past five to ten years, and two countries (Australia, Canada) report a stable rate. In France and the United Kingdom, data from different surveys show different trends in ADL disability rates among elderly people, making it impossible to reach any definitive conclusion on the direction of the trend. One of the main policy implications that can be drawn from the findings of this study is that it would not be prudent for policymakers to count on future reductions in the prevalence of severe disability among elderly people to offset completely the rising demand for long-term care that will result from population ageing. Even though disability prevalence rates have declined to some extent in some countries, the ageing of the population and the greater longevity of individuals can be expected to lead to increasing numbers of people at older ages with a severe disability and in need of long-term care. The results of the projection exercise to 2030 for all countries, regardless of different trends in disability prevalence, confirm this important finding.
    DOI: 10.1787/217072070078
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  • 63
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    Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101490
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (247 p.)
    Series Statement: Tables Rondes CEMT no.134
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation
    Keywords: Transport ; Trade ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Cette Table Ronde, accueillie à Thessalonique par l’Institut Hellénique des Transports, examine le rôle du secteur des transports dans l’intégration économique régionale. Les thèmes analysés sont : l'intégration régionale dans le cadre de la libéralisation multilatérale des échanges, les effets de la libéralisation du commerce international des services de transport sur la structure des marchés, les relations entre la libéralisation du commerce des services de transport et les politiques nationales de la concurrence ainsi que la nécessité de coordonner les politiques relatives aux infrastructures de transport internationales, la sûreté des transports au niveau international et les politiques de logistique.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Market access, trade in transport services and trade facilitation : report of the One Hundred and Thirty Fourth Round Table on Transport Economics ; [Thessaloniki Regional Round Table]
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101490-fr
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  • 64
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    Vieillissement et service public : Le défi des ressources humaines (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029736
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (282 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and the Public Service; Human Resource Challenges
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Ageing and the Public Service: Human Resource Challenges
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Alter ; Öffentlicher Dienst ; Dienstleistung ; Personalpolitik ; Beschäftigung
    Abstract: La main-d’œuvre du secteur public vieillit encore plus rapidement que le reste de la société. Ceci est une source de défis et d’opportunités. Le vieillissement du secteur public accroît la charge fiscale tout en diminuant la capacité immédiate de prestation de service. Toutefois, ce processus constitue à long terme une opportunité stratégique de réduire les effectifs du secteur public en fonction des besoins, et de modifier les conditions d'emploi et la gestion des agents publics si nécessaire. Cette publication examine l'expérience de neuf pays membres de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Elle présente des conclusions à propos des stratégies à mener pour adapter les politiques de ressources humaines au défi plus large que constitue le processus de vieillissement de la population.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Ageing and the public service : human resource challenges
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029736-fr
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  • 65
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    Facing the Future : Korea's Family, Pension and Health Policy Challenges (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p)
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: Korea faces an extraordinary ageing challenge. Korea will age much faster than other OECD countries: in 2000, about 7% of Korea’s population were over 65; in 2050, senior citizens will constitute about 37% of Korea’s population. Population ageing will unfold at high speed, firstly because of the dramatic increase in life expectancy from just over 52 years in 1960 to over 77 years in 2004. a major cause of this was the spectacular decrease in infant mortality rates from 45 infants per 1000 live births in 1970 to 5.3 in 2002. The second cause of population ageing is the sharp decline in birth rates from close to 3 children per woman in 1975 to less than 1.2 in 2004. Reduced child mortality rates and increased life expectancy are indicators of the success of the Korean economy and society. However, the decline in fertility rates in Korea is evidence of strains in society which will damage prosperity in the future. Population ageing on this scale will inevitably lead to a huge increase in spending on old-age income support and health care, and will also require the development of a public family policy which supports the reconciliation of work and care commitments of workers. To successfully meet the ageing challenge, the OECD believes that three policy objectives must be targeted. First, the decline in the working-age population needs to be slowed. Second, working opportunities need to be extended. Third, affordable and sustainable pension and health care policies must be implemented. This volume looks at existing Korean family, health and pension policies from an international perspective, considers them in view of the emerging policy challenges, and outlines some of the policy options that are available to policy makers in Korea.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065406-en
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  • 66
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    Lignes directrices de l'OCDE sur la capitalisation et la sécurité des prestations dans les plans de pension professionnels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034594
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Guidelines on Funding and Benefit Security in Occupational Pension Plans
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034594-fr
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  • 67
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    Le pari de la croissance : Contribution du Secrétaire général de l'OCDE aux travaux de la Commission Attali (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040878
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.) , ill.
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Cette publication présente un recueil d'analyses de l’OCDE sur les politiques susceptibles de relancer durablement l'économie française. Elle a été produite en préparation de l'intervention du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE, M. Angel Gurría, devant la Commission pour la libération de la croissance française (Commission Attali) en novembre 2007. Elle comporte une série de recommandations sur les thèmes suivants : Stimuler la croissance en France : Réformer le marché du travail pour stimuler la croissance et l’emploi ; Promouvoir la croissance à long terme : Le rôle de la fiscalité ; Améliorer la gestion de l’environnement et son impact sur la croissance ; Développer les performances du système éducatif ; Promouvoir l’innovation pour stimuler la croissance économique ; Renforcer la compétitivité régionale ; Améliorer l’efficacité de l’administration publique ; Réduire les obstacles à la croissance : le rôle de la réforme réglementaire ; Renforcer la concurrence ; Supprimer les obstacles au commerce ; Développer l’agriculture française.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040878-fr
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  • 68
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    L' extension des chaines d'approvisionnement internationales : Le rôle des économies émergentes dans la fourniture de services informatiques et de services aux entreprises (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 83 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Expanding International Supply Chains: The Role of Emerging Economies in Providing it and Business Process Services
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La délocalisation des services de soutien aux entreprises et des services des technologies de l’information (STI) – qu’il s’agisse d’approvisionnement interne ou d’approvisionnement externe à l’étranger – révolutionne les pratiques des entreprises. Le présent document traite de l’expansion des chaînes d’approvisionnement internationales et de la montée de la Chine, de la République tchèque, de l’Inde et des Philippines en tant qu’exportateurs de services de soutien aux entreprises et de STI. Il présente aussi une analyse de la nature et des facteurs de ces échanges et expose les défis économiques et commerciaux qu’entraînent ces mutations. Dans ce contexte sont présentées certaines des conséquences, pour le marché du travail, du développement des échanges entre les pays de l’OCDE et les pays tiers. L’analyse révèle que, dans les quatre économies émergentes susmentionnées, les secteurs des services de soutien aux entreprises et des STI sont structurés de façons très différentes : les entreprises chinoises et tchèques approvisionnent essentiellement leurs marchés intérieurs tandis que les entreprises indiennes et philippines fournissent principalement les marchés étrangers. Du point de vue des exportations, elles approvisionnent aussi des zones géographiques différentes : la Chine exporte principalement vers le Japon, la République tchèque vers l’Union européenne, les Philippines vers les Etats-Unis et l’Inde vers les Etats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni. Plusieurs des grandes entreprises nationales des quatre pays sont en train d’établir une présence importante sur des marchés étrangers, en particulier dans d’autres pays émergents, afin de développer leurs capacités et d’exploiter l’avantage comparatif local. Cela fait bien ressortir le fait que les pays ont des atouts divers selon leur situation géographique et que l’IDE lié aux services de soutien aux entreprises et aux STI entre économies émergentes se développera sans doute rapidement dans l’avenir. Les quatre pays sont confrontés à des contraintes du côté de l’offre. La pénurie de personnel chevronné dans ce secteur en Chine, en République tchèque et aux Philippines freine la croissance. De nombreuses entreprises ont du mal à faire face à des taux élevés de rotation du personnel et d’inflation salariale. Les restrictions réglementaires sont relativement peu nombreuses mais n’en affectent pas moins certaines entreprises. Dans le secteur des STI, les mouvements temporaires de personnel peuvent poser de graves difficultés aux exportateurs nationaux. Le problème est particulièrement aigu dans le secteur indien des STI, qui est tributaire de l’envoi de professionnels pour des visites de plus longue durée dans les locaux des clients. La lenteur et l’imprévisibilité des procédures de délivrance de visas d’affaires et de permis de travail, ainsi que les limitations imposées par les systèmes de quotas au nombre de permis de travail accordés, posent des problèmes opérationnels. Dans le secteur des services de soutien aux entreprises et, dans une moindre mesure, dans le secteur des STI, la législation relative à la confidentialité et la sécurité des données peut avoir un effet négatif sur la délocalisation vers l’étranger. Cependant, les nouvelles réglementations ont également créé des débouchés commerciaux entièrement nouveaux, notamment dans le domaine des transcriptions médicales.
    DOI: 10.1787/147137243556
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  • 69
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    Environment and Regional Trade Agreements (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264006805
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (230 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les accords commerciaux régionaux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environment and regional trade agreements
    DDC: 382/.91
    RVK:
    AR 28100
    RVK:
    QM 230
    Keywords: Regionale Wirtschaftsintegration ; Umweltabkommen ; Welt ; Commercial treaties ; International trade Environmental aspects ; Trade blocs ; Environment ; Trade ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung ; Wirtschaftliche Integration ; Bilateraler Handel ; Handelsabkommen ; Umweltschutz ; Umweltpolitik ; Internationale Kooperation
    Abstract: Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have increased significantly in number over the past few years. The number of RTAs which include environmental provisions is also increasing. However, these provisions, and the experience related to their negotiation and implementation, have not been examined in depth yet. This study contributes to filling this gap. It provides an overview of approaches to environmental issues in RTAs and summarises country experiences in their negotiation and practical application. Regional and bilateral trade arrangements are surveyed, including customs unions and free trade agreements. The study is based on the analysis of RTA texts, and on literature examining their actual implementation, as well as on first-hand comments and input from experts from both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264006805-en
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  • 70
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    Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion in France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.569
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lutter contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Reducing poverty and social exclusion is an important objective for all French governments. Even though conventionally measured poverty is in fact lower than in most other countries, it is still higher than can be easily accepted. The current policy approach involves a large number of measures tailored to different circumstances. Some policies have unwanted side effects on labour market performance, and their cost-effectiveness could be improved to obtain better outcomes with the same resources. Concentrations of poverty and social exclusion in certain geographic areas and among certain groups of the population provide one of the most difficult challenges, for which contributions from education, labour market, housing, urban planning and anti-discrimination policies, as well as from the social services, are necessary. This Working Paper relates to the 2007 OECD Economic Survey of France (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), and is also available in French under the title “Lutter contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale en France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/132152357058
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  • 71
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    Assessing the Impact of Labour Market Policies on Productivity : A Difference-in-Differences Approach (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 69 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.54
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The impact of four labour market policies – employment protection legislation, minimum wages, parental leave and unemployment benefits – on productivity is examined here, using annual cross-country aggregate data on these policies and industry-level data on productivity from 1979 to 2003. We use a "difference-in-differences" framework, which exploits likely differences in the productivity effect of policies in different industries. Our identifying assumption is that a specific policy influences worker or firm behaviour, and thereby productivity, more in industries where the policy in question is likely to be more binding than in other industries. The advantage of this approach is twofold. First, as in standard cross-country analysis, we can exploit the cross-country variation of policies. Second, in contrast with standard cross-country analysis, we can control for unobserved factors that, on average, are likely to have the same effect on productivity in both policy-binding and non-binding industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/122873667103
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  • 72
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    Modal Estimates of Services Barriers (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.51
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.51
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper presents improved approaches to measurement of services barriers by using alternative weighting methods and improved econometric specifications; the data include barriers affecting each mode of services supply and additional sector-specific regulatory variables. We provide an illustration of these improvements for banking, insurance, telecom (fixed and mobile), professional (engineering) and distribution services in selected countries in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. We report sector-specific restrictiveness indices at aggregate and modal levels along with aggregate and modal tax equivalents. We also provide confidence intervals for each estimated tax equivalent to take into account the limitations in the estimation techniques. Indeed these limitations lead us to argue against a strict interpretation of the empirical results and in favor of a more flexible, qualitative interpretation, combined with rank ordering of countries for indicative purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/148425814101
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  • 73
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    Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantage : Mobility or Immobility Across Generations? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 115 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.52
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report surveys the research in OECD countries on intergenerational mobility – i.e. the extent to which key characteristics and life experiences of individuals differ from those of their parents. A number of findings emerge: Intergenerational earnings mobility varies significantly across countries; Education is a major contributor to intergenerational income mobility and educational differences tend to persist across generations; Evidence of intergenerational immobility extends to other outcomes; Early and sustained investment in children and families can help.
    DOI: 10.1787/217730505550
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  • 74
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    The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants in Australia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.49
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia
    Abstract: The labour market integration of immigrants in Australia is shaped by the country’s long tradition as an immigration country and its selection policy. Over the post-war period, the main origin countries of immigration to Australia have shifted from English-speaking countries to other OECD countries, and, since the mid-1970s, to non-OECD countries. Parallel to this shift, immigration policy to Australia became increasingly skills focused, which has partly countered the less favourable employment outcomes of migrants from these countries. This increasing selection has resulted in a situation in which the skills structure of the immigrant population, particularly of those from non-OECD countries, is well above that of the native-born...
    DOI: 10.1787/235260166224
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  • 75
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    Facilitating Trade and Structural Adjustment the Philippines : Experience in Non-Member Economies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.59
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faciliter les échanges et l'ajustement structurel les Philippines
    Keywords: Trade ; Philippines
    Abstract: This paper is the second of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. This paper studies the trade liberalisation experience of the Philippines from the 1980s. The report consists of 7 main parts; Part 1 provides the introduction, part 2 looks at the economic policies in the Philippines from the 1970s, and part 3 takes a general look at the general structure of the economy. Part 4 takes a closer look at the trade liberalisation in the Philippines which was implemented in three phases, (1) initial trade reforms (1981-88), (2) second phase (1991-93) and (3) third phase (1994-96). Part 5 takes an overview of the structural adjustments which took place in manufacturing and agriculture, with Part 6 taking a closer look at four sectors, electronics, food processing, cement, and business process outsourcing sectors. Part 7 concludes with lessons learnt and opportunities and challenges for further liberalisation. Despite considerable liberalisation including in trade policy since the 1980s, the Philippines economy posted only lacklustre performance initially. After a growth period in the 1990s and the Asian crisis, it is only in the recent past that some of the reforms are starting to pay off. The importance of a stable political and macroecnomic environment, need for appropriate exchange rates, need for early elimination of quantitative restrictions in trade reform, early deregulation on FDI are some of the lessons learnt. While challenges remain, better results are expected in the future if complemented with further reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/246265100044
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  • 76
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    Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Switzerland (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swiss pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Switzerland has achieved certain policy goals. In Switzerland, pharmaceutical spending has not been growing faster than health expenditure as a whole, as has been the case in many other OECD countries. Swiss pharmaceutical spending per capita and as a share of GDP is modest by OECD standards. This in part reflects relatively low levels of pharmaceutical consumption, given that public prices are among the highest in Europe and the Swiss tend to be early adopters of new pharmaceutical products. Switzerland’s regulation of prices for reimbursed drugs, based on referencing across countries and within the therapeutic class for products with comparators, appears to result in prices lower than what would be obtained absent regulation. Although ex-manufacturer prices are somewhat high relative to other European countries, recent reforms have reduced the differential. While costs are under control, Switzerland has scope to improve the cost-effectiveness of its expenditures in the pharmaceutical area. Generic penetration of the market is increasing but falls short of what has been achieved elsewhere and the prices of generic products are higher than what is found in other countries. Relatively high mark-ups over ex-factory prices suggest that the distribution chain is a source of further potential efficiencies, although high costs could also reflect characteristics of the Swiss economy...
    DOI: 10.1787/136157357151
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  • 77
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    Health Care Quality Indicators Project 2006 Data Collection Update Report (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 159 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.29
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report is an update to the OECD Health Working Paper No. 22, Health Care Quality Indicators Project: Initial Indicators Report that was based on data collected between 2003 and 2005 and released in 2006. That report presented the OECD’s initial work on developing a set of health care quality indicators that could be used to raise questions about differences in quality of care across countries. The 2006 report covered 21 “initial indicators” with data provided by 24 countries. It identified 17 of these indicators as being fit for international comparisons of which 4 were identified as needing further work. Following the release of that report in March 2006, the OECD undertook a second round of data collection on the initial indicator set and also gathered data for the first time on new indicators in a questionnaire sent to participating HCQI countries. This paper reports on the results of that second round of data collection. Data is presented here on an augmented indicator set considered fit for the purpose of making international comparisons on quality of health care. The data is comprised of 19 indicators (17 initial indicators plus 2 new ones). The paper also presents the data provided on 7 other indicators that are not yet considered fit for international comparison. In this round of data collection, data were reported by 32 countries...
    DOI: 10.1787/058047614770
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  • 78
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    Facilitating Trade and Structural Adjustment Chile : Experiences in Non-Member Economies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.56
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.56
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faciliter les échanges et l'ajustement structurel Chili : expérience des économies non membres
    Keywords: Trade ; Chile
    Abstract: This paper is the first of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. This paper studies the trade liberalisation experience of Chile from 1973 onward. The report consists of 5 main parts; Part 1 provides the introduction, part 2 looks at the trade liberalisation in Chile which was implemented in three phases, (1) initial trade reforms (1973-84), (2) trade reform after a temporary policy reversal(1985-89) and (3) after 1990. Part 3 looks at the evolution and structure of exports and imports, and Part 4 looks at sectoral developments in the copper industry, agrofood industry, wood and wooden products industry and the textiles and clothing industry. Part 5 concludes with lessons learnt. The experience of Chile shows that trade reform has been essential for realigning the incentive structures in Chile. A stable macroeconomic environment, trade reform starting with the elimination of quantitative restrictions, introduction of flat tariffs, coherent exchange rate policy, sound institutional framework, rule of law, mild promotion of exports, use of foreign capital, and relatively flexible labour market policies have been important factors in Chili's successful trade liberalisation experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/244288817625
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  • 79
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    Meeting the Challenges of Decentralisation in France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.571
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faire face aux défis de la décentralisation en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Despite France’s previously well-deserved reputation as a highly centralised state, a significant number of responsibilities have been devolved to regional and local government over the past two decades. The process has not been easy. The extremely large number of very small municipalities makes economies of scale in the implementation of policies hard to realise, and measures to overcome this have been at best only partially successful. Competence is often shared between levels of government, obscuring accountability, and the central government has often retained an arguably unnecessary degree of prerogatives. Reorganising the system to avoid overlapping responsibilities and improving transparency and accountability in local government finance provide some difficult challenges. This Working Paper relates to the 2007 OECD Economic Survey of France (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), and is also available in French under the title “Faire face aux défis de la décentralisation en France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/127050885680
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  • 80
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    The Interaction between Investment and Services Chapters in Selected Regional trade Agreements (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.55
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.55
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les interactions entre le chapitre sur l'investissement et le chapitre sur les services dans une sélection d'accords commerciaux régionaux
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report analyses the interactions between the investment and services chapters of 20 regional trade agreements. It classifies agreements into two broad categories of NAFTA-inspired and GATS-inspired agreements and identifies four major types of interaction between the investment and trade in services chapters. The report then looks at the implications of the services/investment interface for levels of investment protection and liberalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/054761108710
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  • 81
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    Réforme des politiques et des échanges agricoles : Incidences sur les marchés mondiaux des produits de base (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027954
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (107 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform; The Impact on World Commodity Markets
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural Policy and Trade Reform: The Impact on World Commodity Markets
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Trade ; Agrarhandel ; Rohstoff ; Agrarpolitik ; Reform
    Abstract: Les gouvernements de la plupart des pays développés, ainsi que des pays en développement, mettent en place des mesures douanières (tarifs, contingents tarifaires et subventions à l’exportation) afin de pousser les prix domestiques des produits agricoles à la hausse. Dans certains pays de l’OCDE, les gouvernements donnent des aides financières au secteur agricole à travers d’autres moyens également. Typiquement, ces interventions créent des distorsions sur l’allocation des ressources, qui mènent à des décisions non optimales sur la consommation et la production. Utilisant un modèle agricole d’équilibre partiel avec un niveau de détail des politiques précis, cette étude examine par année, les impacts sur le marché des réformes de la politique agricole pour les 10 années à venir.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Agricultural policy and trade reform : the impact on world commodity markets
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027954-fr
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  • 82
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    Renforcer les incitations à une meilleure performance du système éducatif en France (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.570
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Enhancing Incentives to Improve Performance in the Education System in France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Le système éducatif français a des performances partagées. Les bons résultats généraux de l’éducation pré-scolaire et élémentaire contrastent avec des universités publiques sous-financées où le taux d’abandon est élevé alors que coexistent, parallèlement, des institutions d’enseignement supérieur très performantes pour les élites. La formation initiale, en particulier l’enseignement secondaire et les universités, ainsi que les politiques du marché du travail elles-mêmes, ne parviennent pas toujours à améliorer de manière significative l’insertion professionnelle d’une partie importante des jeunes. Si une partie de la gestion de l’éducation a été décentralisée, les institutions du système éducatif elles-mêmes n’ont en général qu’un degré très limité d’autonomie. Le système d’évaluation des performances et d’incitation doit être revu. Ce document de travail est en rapport avec l’Étude économique sur la France de l’OCDE de l’année 2007 (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/france), et est également disponible en anglais, avec le titre “Enhancing incentives to improve performance in the education system in France”.
    DOI: 10.1787/127136850821
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  • 83
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    Internationaler Migrationsausblick 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038318
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (400 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. International Migration Outlook 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives des migrations internationales 2007
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: In dieser jährlich erscheinenden Publikation werden die jüngsten Trendentwicklungen im Bereich der Migrationsbewegungen und -politik in diesen Ländern analysiert. Der Bericht unterstreicht die wachsende Bedeutung der Zuzüge von hochqualifizierten Arbeitskräften, temporären Arbeitsmigranten und Studierenden. Ferner wird die verstärkte Zuwanderung aus Indien, China, Osteuropa und Afrika hervorgehoben und der Trend zu einer zunehmenden Feminisierung der Migrationsströme bestätigt. Ein weiteres Schwerpunktthema dieser Ausgabe sind die Beschäftigungssituation und die Erwerbsquoten der Zuwanderer, insbesondere im Dienstleistungssektor. Es werden Regelungen zur Verbesserung des Migrationsmanagements untersucht. Die internationale Zusammenarbeit zur Verbesserung der Grenzkontrollen und Bekämpfung der illegalen Zuwanderung wird eingehend analysiert. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen der EU-Erweiterung auf den Zustrom von Arbeitsmigranten in OECD-Ländern evaluiert. Zwei Sonderkapitel sind den Themen Bildung und Zuwanderung im Gesundheitssektor gewidmet. Zusätzlich gibt es Länderbeiträge mit standardisierten Tabellen und einen statistischen Anhang mit den neuesten Daten über Ausländer und im Ausland geborene Personen sowie über Migrationsströme und Einbürgerungen.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038318-de
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  • 84
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    Unauthorized Migrants in the United States : Estimates, Methods, and Characteristics (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.57
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States
    Abstract: This report discusses methods of measuring unauthorized migration to the United States. The “residual method” involves comparing an analytic estimate of the legal foreign-born population with a survey-based measure of the total foreign-born population. The difference between the two population figures is a measure of the unauthorized migrant population in the survey; it can then be corrected for omissions to provide a measure of the total unauthorized population. The report includes a detailed description of the residual methods and the underlying data and assumptions as it has been applied to recent data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and decennial censuses. The paper presents new results of estimates derived from the march 2006 CPS which show that the unauthorized population in the U.S. has reached 11.5 million; of these, 6.5 million or 57% are from Mexico. The report also presents derived data on a range of social and economic characteristics of the unauthorized population developed with an extension of the residual estimates. Finally, historical data on trends in unauthorized migration and several alternative estimation methods are presented and discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/110780068151
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  • 85
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    Understanding the Social Outcomes of Learning (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034181
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.)
    Series Statement: CERI collection
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre l'impact social de l'éducation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Schuller, Tom Understanding the social outcomes of learning
    DDC: 306.432
    RVK:
    DF 3000
    RVK:
    QX 870
    RVK:
    QX 800
    RVK:
    MS 7000
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Bildungsertrag ; Soziale Folgen ; Education Social aspects ; OECD countries ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Humankapital ; Gesundheit ; Fähigkeit ; Soziales Engagement
    Abstract: Education is vital for economic success, both at the national and the individual level. But education also has significant social effects. This report is OECD’s first attempt to gather and synthesise developments in measuring these social effects. The report focuses on two broad areas: health, and civic and social engagement. In general, better educated people are healthier, and take more part in civic activities. Why should this be so? This publication draws on findings from 13 OECD countries (Austria, Flemish Belgium, Canada, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom [England and Scotland] and the United States) to provide new models and insights into these important contemporary issues.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Comprendre l'impact social de l'éducation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034181-en
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  • 86
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    Gaining from Migration : Towards a New Mobility System (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037410
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (89 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faire des migrations un atout ; Pour un nouveau système de mobilité
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gaining from migration
    RVK:
    QU 400
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Welt ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Internationale Migration ; Migration
    Abstract: This report presents a summary of recommendations on how we can all gain from migration. They are the result of a multi-faceted project undertaken in partnership with the European Commission to rethink the management of the emerging mobility system. New ideas, based on an exhaustive review of past policy experiences in Europe and elsewhere, are offered for policies related to labour markets, integration, development co-operation and the engagement of diasporas.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037410-en
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  • 87
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    Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 1) : Labour Market Integration in Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264033603
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jobs for immigrants ; Vol. 1: Labour market integration in Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden
    DDC: 331.62091722
    RVK:
    QV 224
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Migranten ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Soziale Integration ; Australien ; Dänemark ; Deutschland ; Schweden ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Australia ; Denmark ; Germany ; Sweden ; Australien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Einwanderer ; Integration ; Dänemark ; Deutschland ; Schweden
    Abstract: When immigrants arrive in a new country, they are confronted with new labour market requirements such as language proficiency, familiarity with job search procedures and work practices which they are not always able to satisfy. These obstacles affect not only new immigrants, but, surprisingly, their children too, even if the children are born and educated in the receiving country. This publication presents reviews of the labour market integration of immigrants and their children in four OECD countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany and Sweden), and provides country-specific recommendations. Governments have a role to play in promoting language and vocational training, and encouraging diversity in the workplace. Immigrants themselves must accept the requirements of the host country employers. The viability of future migration policies, in particular greater recourse to immigration, will depend to a large extent on how successful OECD countries and immigrants are in achieving these objectives.
    Note: Zs.fassung in franz. Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264033603-en
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  • 88
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Spain 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032439
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (157 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Empleo juvenil; España
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Empleo juvenil: España
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    RVK:
    QG 520
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Spanien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Spain ; Spanien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youth in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. Getting off to a good start facilitates integration and lays the foundation for a good career, while a poor beginning can be difficult to make up. Part of a series of reports on the school-to-work transition process in 16 countries, this report surveys the main barriers to employment for young people in Spain and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school to work. The report includes a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners in Spain.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032439-en
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  • 89
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    Market Access, Trade in Transport Services and Trade Facilitation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282101476
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (235 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.134
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accès au marché, commerce des services de transport et facilitation des échanges
    Keywords: Transport ; Trade
    Abstract: This ECMT Round Table, hosted by the Hellenic Institute of Transport in Thessaloniki, Greece, focused on regional integration in the context of multilateral trade liberalisation, the effects on market structure of liberalising trade in transport services, interaction of the liberalisation of trade in transport services and national competition policies, and demand for the coordination of international transport infrastructure policies, transport security, and logistics policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282101476-en
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  • 90
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    Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life : A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264032477
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (216 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille ; Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life; A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Bébés et employeurs - Comment réconcilier travail et vie de famille
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Babies and Bosses - Reconciling Work and Family Life: A Synthesis of Findings for OECD Countries (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Babies and bosses ; [Vol. 5]: A synthesis of findings for OECD countries
    DDC: 331.25
    Keywords: Familie ; Familienpolitik ; Kinder ; Weibliche Arbeitskräfte ; Karriereplanung ; Erwerbsverlauf ; OECD-Staaten ; Child care ; Family policy ; Parental leave Government policy ; Work and family ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Berufstätigkeit ; Kind ; Erziehung ; Familienleben ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Finding a suitable work/family life balance is a challenge that all parents face. Some people would like to have (more) children, but do not see how they could match that commitment with their employment situation. Other parents are happy with the number of children in their family, but would like to work more. Yet other parents who are happy with their family situation, may wish to work at different hours, or reduce hours worked to spend more time with their children. This book synthesises the finding of the 13 individual country reviews published previously and extends the scope to include other OECD countries, examining tax/benefit policies, parental leave systems, child care support, and workplace practices. "...a good source for a socio-political analysis of OECD countries and comparative political hypothesis testing." -Stan Silverberg, Catawba College "...a great way of helping students learn to read and interpret graphical data." -Ken Wedding, author of The AP Comparative Government and Politics Examination: What You Need to Know, Second Edition
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Synthèse des résultats dans les pays de l'OECD
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264032477-en
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  • 91
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Korea 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040809
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Korea
    RVK:
    QG 870
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Südkorea ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Korea, Republic of ; Südkorea ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Improving the performance of youths in the labour market is a crucial challenge in OECD countries facing persistent youth unemployment. This report, part of a series which looks at the school-to-work transition process in sixteen countries, contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people in Korea, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040809-en
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  • 92
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    Competitive Cities : A New Entrepreneurial Paradigm in Spatial Development (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264022591
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité ; Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Villes et compétitivité : Un nouveau paradigme entrepreneurial pour l'aménagement du territoire
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Competitive cities
    Keywords: Stadtentwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Japan ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; United States ; Globalisierung ; Kommunalplanung
    Abstract: Economic globalisation and the subsequent intensification of inter-city competition have profoundly changed urban governance. This is particularly evident in the field of urban spatial development. The change is often described as a shift from a managerial mode of governance to a more entrepreneurial mode, strongly characterised by risk-taking, innovation, a strong orientation toward the private sector and a strategic approach which focuses on economic growth. This study reviews the challenges that urban entrepreneurialism must overcome to maintain and strengthen its relevance in the 21st century. Urban policy planners are expected to address an increasingly wide range of objectives, including social, environmental and cultural issues as well as economic ones.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264022591-en
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  • 93
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    OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies: Sweden 2007 : The Safety of Older People (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264027077
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Risk Management Policies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sweden
    RVK:
    QX 700
    Keywords: Ältere Menschen ; Schweden ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Alter
    Abstract: As the share of the population aged 65 and over grows rapidly in the next decades across most of the OECD, the number of fall-related injuries could rise dramatically, and with it, the strains on hospitals, medical services, social services and public budgets. This OECD review of risk management policies focuses on Sweden because, with the ageing of its society already at a quite advanced stage, it exemplifies many of the current and future problems that OECD countries face in addressing fall-related injuries and fatalities among the elderly. The report looks at Sweden's policies in the area of older people's safety and well-being, seeking out and identifying good practices and areas where improvements could be made. It offers lessons that other countries can also draw from. While the report underscores the importance of the management of fall accidents, it also emphasizes the more general point that multidisciplinary and forward-looking approaches to safety and risk are essential for any policy concerning older people.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264027077-en
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  • 94
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    Das emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth : Belgique 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030428
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (117 p.)
    Series Statement: Des emplois pour les jeunes/Jobs for Youth
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Belgique
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Belgien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: Face à la persistance du chômage des jeunes, leur insertion dans l'emploi reste une préoccupation majeure des pays de l'OCDE. L'OCDE a lancé une série de rapports dans une quinzaine de pays, dont la Belgique. Chaque rapport fait le tour des principales barrières à l'emploi des jeunes et évalue la pertinence et l'efficacité des dispositifs existants pour faciliter la transition de l'école à l'emploi. Chaque ouvrage présente également une série de recommandations sur les politiques que les autorités publiques et les partenaires sociaux devraient mener.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030428-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 95
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    Policy Coherence for Development 2007 : Migration and Developing Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264026100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (148 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La cohérence des politiques au service du développement 2007 ; Migrations et pays en développement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Policy coherence for development 2007
    RVK:
    RB 10918
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Keywords: Arbeitsmigranten ; Brain Drain ; Rücküberweisungen ; Migrationspolitik ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Entwicklungsländer ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Entwicklungsländer ; Migration
    Abstract: This edition of the Development Centre's annual report on policy coherence focuses on migration. The book examines the costs and benefits of migration for developing countries and how these flows can be better organised to yield greater benefits for all parties concerned -- migrant-sending countries, migrant-receiving countries, and the migrants themselves. It takes stock of what we know about the effects of migration on development, and distills from that knowledge a set of policy recommendations for sending and receiving countries alike. It draws on a large number of country and regional case studies co-ordinated by the OECD Development Centre to illustrate the mechanisms that link migration and development: labour-market effects, brain drain, remittances, diaspora networks and return migration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264026100-en
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  • 96
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    Structural Change in Fisheries : Dealing with the Human Dimension (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037960
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Structural change in fisheries
    DDC: 338.3727
    RVK:
    PR 2353
    Keywords: Fischwirtschaft ; Fischereipolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Konferenzschrift ; OECD ; Fischereipolitik ; Fischwirtschaft ; Fischerei ; Sozialer Wandel
    Abstract: Declining fish stocks and expanding fishing fleets have combined with growing competition from aquaculture to put increased pressure on the fishing sector to adjust the size and nature of its operations in many countries. In some fishing communities, almost sixty percent of jobs are linked to fishing and in many coastal areas there are few alternative employment opportunities for fishers. This conference proceedings analyses the social issues and policy challenges that arise from fisheries adjustment policies, and how OECD member countries are meeting those challenges.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037960-en
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  • 97
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    The Social Economy : Building Inclusive Economies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.)
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The social economy
    DDC: 338.74
    RVK:
    QR 400
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Nonprofit-Bereich ; Wirtschaftstheorie ; Osteuropa ; Südosteuropa
    Abstract: Social economy -- also known as 'non-profit' or 'third sector' -- organisations have grown in number and relevance, contributing to employment, social inclusion, democratic participation and community building. Much remains to be done, however, to create the necessary enabling environment to support their creation and development and to mainstream the sector in economic and social policies. This publication offers new insights into the economic theory of social economy organisations, their role in an evolving political and economic context, and the links to local development and the empowerment of users. Building on theoretical and empirical developments in OECD member countries, the publication also presents the main challenges for the social economy in Central East and South East Europe. Recommendations for action are included.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039889-en
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  • 98
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    Linking Regions and Central Governments : Contracts for Regional Development (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264008755
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Multi-level Governance Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régions et gouvernement central ; Des contrats pour le développement régional
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking regions and central governments
    DDC: 307.12094
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Deutschland ; Spanien ; Kanada ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Canada ; France ; Germany ; Italy ; Spain ; Dezentralisierung ; Regionalentwicklung ; multi-level governance ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionalplanung ; OECD ; Regionalpolitik ; Dezentralisation ; Föderalismus ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: A trend toward decentralisation has meant that sub-national governments increasingly find themselves responsible for providing a host of public goods and services. Rarely, however, can they "go it alone". Co-ordination among levels of government is imperative. This book offers a unique analytic framework for assessing multi-level governance arrangements, which is subsequently applied to five case studies of regional development policy: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The book reveals the importance of contractual arrangements for customised management of interdependencies, for clarifying responsibilities among actors, for dialogue, and for learning.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008755-en
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  • 99
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    Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264029132
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (264 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comprendre le cerveau ; Naissance d'une science de l'apprentissage
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La comprensión del cerebro; El nacimiento de una ciencia del aprendizaje
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This book provides new insights about learning by synthesising existing and emerging findings from cognitive and brain science and exploring how this new information might impact teaching, parenting, and educational policy making. It shows what the latest brain imaging techniques and other advances in the neurosciences actually reveal about how the brain develops and operates at different stages in life from birth to old age and how the brain is involved in acquiring skills such as reading and counting. It also presents scientific insights into what happens when the brain malfunctions in conditions such as dyslexia or Alzheimer's disease. China Education Daily nominated this book as one of the "100 most influential education books for teachers" on December 15, 2011.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029132-en
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  • 100
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    Human Capital : How what you know shapes your life (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264107014 , 9789264029095 , 9789264048669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le capital humain ; Comment le savoir détermine notre vie
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Humankapital; Wie Wissen unser Leben bestimmt
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Capital humano ; Cómo influye en su vida lo que usted sabe
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Human Capital; How what you know shapes your life (Croatian version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Keeley, Brian Human capital
    DDC: 338.4737
    RVK:
    QX 800
    RVK:
    RB 10801
    Keywords: Humankapital ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Humankapital
    Abstract: This first book in the new OECD Insights Series examines the increasing economic and social importance of human capital - our education, skills, competencies, and knowledge. As economies in developed countries shift away from manufacturing, economic success for individuals and national economies is increasingly reliant on the quality of human capital. Raising human capital has emerged as a key policy priority, particularly for low-skilled individuals, who are at risk of being left even further behind. Policy in this area is focusing on early childhood development, improving quality and choice in schooling, creating excellence in tertiary education, and widening access to adult learning. Drawing on the research and analysis of the OECD, this dynamic new book uses straightforward language to explain how countries across the OECD area are responding to the challenge of raising their levels of human capital. This book includes Statlinks, URLs linking statistical tables and graphs in the text of the book to Excel spreadsheets showing the underlying data.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264029095-en
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