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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Unexplored Potential of Trade in Services in Africa : From Hair Stylists and Teachers to Accountants and Doctors (2016)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 pages)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Abstract: The book speaks volumes about the latent potential for trade in services in Africa and the regulatory hurdles that providers face in materializing such flows, and proposes concrete policy action for integrating fragmented services markets in Africa. The contributions to this volume seek to shed some light on uncharted opportunities for services trade in Africa, and invigorate and deepen the discussion about the role of services in trade diversification and economic upgrading on the continent. The focus is on less explored areas such as informal trade in services and trade in more sophisticated but equally neglected sectors such as professional services, education and health services, and services related to mining that are rarely associated with services trade in Africa. Novel data collection methods such as crowdsourcing and mystery shopping, pioneering knowledge transfer practices and experiences with innovative policy reforms applied to both modern and traditional services sectors are explored to draw attention to available assessment tools and policy instruments for possible refinement and broader application across sectors
    DOI: 10.1596/24968
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Échanges et croissance de la Chine : Incidences sur certains pays de l'OCDE (2008)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 114 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China's Trade and Growth: Impact on Selected OECD Countries
    Keywords: Trade ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: Le présent document examine l’émergence de la Chine en tant qu’acteur mondial sur les marchés internationaux au cours des toutes dernières décennies. Il offre une vue d’ensemble du cadre de la politique commerciale de la Chine après l’ouverture de ses marchés et son adhésion à l’OMC. Ce rapport analyse le rôle de la Chine dans les activités internationales de transformation et son élévation dans la chaîne de valeur mondiale. Il traite également de l’impact de la Chine sur les prix mondiaux et de la dégradation de ses termes de l’échange. Il étudie la stratégie poursuivie par la Chine, qui consiste à assurer l’expansion de ses exportations sur deux fronts. Le premier aspect de cette stratégie consiste à tirer parti du facteur de production qui constitue son atout majeur – sa main-d’oeuvre surabondante – en privilégiant les produits manufacturés à forte intensité de main-d’oeuvre, qui créent des emplois. Le second consiste à promouvoir son objectif de développement en modernisant son économie grâce à la production et à l’exportation de biens de haute technologie. Le document traite également des droits de propriété intellectuelle (DPI). La plupart des données font apparaître de considérables progrès dans la mise en place d’un régime de DPI adapté aux besoins d’une économie de marché moderne. Subsistent toutefois certaines déficiences – en particulier en ce qui concerne le contrôle de l’application de la réglementation en matière de DPI – qui pourraient porter préjudice aux intérêts nationaux et internationaux.
    DOI: 10.1787/226877350450
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obstacles aux échanges de services et leur incidence économique : Exemples de services bancaires et de télécommunications dans certaines économies en transition (2004)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Services Barriers and their Economic Impact: Examples of Banking and Telecommunications Services in Selected Transition Economies
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: La présente étude s’appuie sur les méthodologies de mesure les plus avancées pour évaluer la restrictivité et les effets des obstacles aux échanges de services dans un certain nombre d’économies en transition, à savoir les États baltes, huit pays d’Europe du Sud-Est (pour les télécommunications et les services bancaires) et la Russie (pour les télécommunications). Parmi les pays considérés, les États baltes arrivent en tête du point de vue de la libéralisation des services de télécommunications et des services bancaires, ce qui les place dans une situation comparable à celle de la plupart des pays développés. Par comparaison, les pays d’Europe du Sud-Est disposent d’une marge plus importante d’amélioration des performances et des prix dans les télécommunications, qu’il s’agisse des services à réseau fixe ou cellulaire, puisqu’ils peuvent encore abolir les restrictions générales à la concurrence et ne plus limiter les prises de participation étrangères. En ce qui concerne les services bancaires, les résultats indiquent que les marchés des pays d’Europe du Sud-Est sont relativement contestables ; leurs décideurs seraient donc fondés à s’intéresser en priorité à la stabilité macroéconomique et à la réforme structurelle. Selon nos estimations pour les télécommunications, la Russie se situe généralement à mi-chemin entre les États baltes et les pays d’Europe du Sud-Est. Le fait d’adhérer à...
    DOI: 10.1787/315814185573
    URL: Volltext
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How does participation in value chains matter to African farmers? (2018)
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Macroeconomics, Trade and Investment Global Practice
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8506
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dihel, Nora How Does Participation in Value Chains Matter to African Farmers?
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Trade and participation in global value chains can play a key role in economic diversification and development. This paper deepens the discussion about productivity growth and upgrading in agriculture in Africa, and the role of national, regional, and international value chains in supporting such structural change. The analysis in this report is based on quantitative and qualitative surveys undertaken in 2016 in Ghana, Kenya, and Zambia, where 3,935 farmers, 60 aggregators, and 56 buyers in the maize, cassava, and sorghum value chains were interviewed in the three countries. The descriptive results show that farmers who were on a contract saw greater structural transformation; higher output; and better access to seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, technology, and extension services compared with farmers who were not on a contract. To identify more robustly the link between value chain participation and contract farming with productivity and upgrading, the paper looks at the relationship using a variety of empirical methodologies, ranging from ordinary least squares and probit regressions to propensity score matching. Based on the empirical evidence, the hypothesis that value chain participation leads to structural transformation cannot be confirmed. The paper does find evidence that formal or informal contractual arrangements that regulate the provision of inputs to production, such as fertilizer, technology, extension services, and market information, positively affect upgrading. It remains nevertheless important to understand the impact of government policies on the emergence of value chains given that value chains support contractual arrangements
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8506
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bangladesh Development Update, April 2021 : Moving Forward - Connectivity and Logistics to Strengthen Competitiveness (2021)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Abstract: This report provides an assessment of the state of the economy in Bangladesh, discussing the outlook, risks, and key reform challenges. It covers: real sector developments, focusing on growth and its components; inflation; monetary and financial sector developments; external sector trends, focusing on the balance of payments, foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate; and fiscal outcomes, focusing on revenue mobilization, public expenditures, and deficit financing. The special focus section of this update discusses how improved connectivity and logistics can help the Bangladeshi economy recover from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and build resilience to future shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/35965
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade Responses to COVID-19 Food Security Concerns in Bangladesh (2020)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Abstract: The COVID-19 (coronavirus) health crisis can lead to a food security crisis in Bangladesh if proper measures are not put in place. Trade policies can be an essential instrument in the management of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) related food security issues. Trade responses such as eliminating tariffs, refraining from imposing export restrictions, and facilitating trade flows can play an important role in maintaining access to and reducing the cost of essential food products
    DOI: 10.1596/33758
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    South-South Services Trade (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 71 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.39
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.39
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper contributes to the debate on the development potential of South-South trade in services. It represents the first attempt to identify key features governing the South-South dimension of services. Services trade between developing countries is predominantly regional and may reflect an increasing tendency to incorporate disciplines to liberalise services trade in regional agreements. It is estimated that cross-border South-South exports currently represent around 10 percent of world services exports. The bulk of developing countries? exports is...
    DOI: 10.1787/314720701370
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tariff Bindings, Unused Protection and Agricultural Trade Liberalisation (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 231-249
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Consolidations tarifaires, protection inutilisée et libéralisation des échanges agricoles
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2003, no. 1, p. 231-249
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Prior quantitative assessments of the effects of agricultural trade liberalisation have assumed that negotiated reductions in bound tariffs translate into corresponding cuts in applied tariff rates. This approach, however, overestimates the actual reduction in applied tariffs and, hence, the benefits of trade liberalisation, since applied rates are often much lower than the tariffs bound in Uruguay Round schedules. This paper uses data on applied and bound tariffs and the GTAP-CGE model to quantify the magnitude of the resulting bias. The findings suggest that the distortion of estimates is particularly pronounced for modest tariff cuts, as well as for countries where the differences between bound and applied rates are substantial. Hence, quantitative policy analysts who aim to inform decision makers on the likely impacts of negotiated tariff cuts should consider the relationship between bound and applied tariff rates in their assessments in order to avoid mistaken advice...
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2003-art6-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    China's Trade and Growth : Impact on Selected OECD Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 101 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.44
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.44
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Échanges et croissance de la Chine : Incidences sur certains pays de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Trade ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: This paper examines China's emergence as a global player in international markets over the last few decades. It provides an overview of China's trade policy environment following the country's process of market opening and joining the WTO. The report analyses China’s role in international processing activities and moving up the global value chain. It also examines China’s impact on world prices and the deterioration of its own terms of trade. The paper looks at China's two-pronged export...
    DOI: 10.1787/274600240481
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    India's Trade Integration, Realising the Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.88
    DOI: 10.1787/224123212531
    URL: Volltext
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