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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (850)
  • 2006  (850)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (850)
Material
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (850)
Year
  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264016194
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 221 ; Lemna sp. Essais d'inhibition de la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 221 : Lemna sp. Essais d'inhibition de la croissance
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of substances to freshwater aquatic plants of the genus Lemna (duckweed). Exponentially growing plant cultures of the genus Lemna (Lemna gibba and Lemna minor usually) are allowed to grow as monocultures in, at least, five concentrations of the test substance over a period of seven days. The objective of the test is to quantify substance-related effects on vegetative growth over this period based on assessments of selected measurement variables. The limit test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. This study includes measurement of pH, light intensity, concentrations of the test substance, the counting of the frond number and measurement of at least one other variable (total frond area, dry weight or fresh weight). From the average specific growth rates (or yield) recorded in a series of test solutions, the concentration bringing about a specified x % inhibition of growth rate (or yield) is determined and expressed as the ErCx (or EyCx). An additional response variable used is yield. In addition, the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) may be statistically determined.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264067318
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 435 ; Méthode d'essai in vitro sur membrane d'étanchéité pour la corrosion cutanée
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 435 : Méthode d'essai in vitro sur membrane d'étanchéité pour la corrosion cutanée
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is for an in vitro membrane barrier test method that can be used to identify corrosive substances. The test method utilizes an artificial membrane designed to respond to corrosive substances in a manner similar to animal skin in situ. The in vitro membrane barrier test method may be used to test solids, liquids (aqueous substances with a pH in the range of 4.5 to 8.5 often do not qualify for testing) and emulsions. The test described in this Test Guideline allows the identification of corrosive chemical substances and mixtures and allows the subcategorisation of corrosive substances as permitted in the GHS. This classification is based on the substance penetration time through the membrane barrier. The test system is composed of two components, a synthetic macromolecular bio-barrier and a Chemical Detection System (which one detect the test substance). An appropriate number of replicates is prepared for each test substance and its corresponding controls. The times of applying the test substance to the membrane barrier are recorded and staggered. The time (in minutes) elapsed between application of the test substance to the membrane barrier and barrier penetration is used to predict the corrosivity of the test substance.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.30
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le secteur du coton au Mali : réaliser son potentiel de croissance
    Keywords: Development ; Mali
    Abstract: How can Mali and the donor community enhance competitiveness of the Malian cotton sector and realise its growth potential? Mali is already promoting the abolition of cotton export subsidies in Northern nations in the current WTO Doha Round. To enhance the cotton sector’s competitiveness and growth, strengthening cotton farmers’ skills, developing infrastructure and investing in research and development is also key.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.106
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: VoIP traffic is growing rapidly in conjunction with the growth in broadband connections, in particular digital subscriber lines (DSL) and cable modems. According to a recent survey, VoIP is growing at twice the rate of traditional switched voice.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.522
    Keywords: Economics ; Euro Area
    Abstract: The 2005 reform of the EU Stability and Growth Pact has provided leeway for governments to let their fiscal deficit temporarily breach the 3% rule to finance the immediate budgetary cost of structural reform, such as compensation schemes to offset redistributive effects. Against this backdrop, it is useful to dispose of empirical estimates of the effect of structural reform on fiscal outcomes, not only the short term cost but also the long-run fiscal gain stemming from changes in spending parameters and better economic performance. Based on econometric estimates for a pool of 21 OECD countries, this study finds a significant net fiscal gain of structural reform.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264015869
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 123; Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water); Slow-Stirring Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 123: Partition Coefficient (1-Octanol/Water): Slow-Stirring Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit la méthode du brassage lent, laquelle permet la détermination des valeurs logarithmiques du coefficient de partage 1-octanol/eau (Poe) allant jusqu’à 8.2. Le coefficient de partage entre l'eau et 1-octanol (Poe) est défini comme étant le rapport des concentrations à l’équilibre de la substance d'essai pure dans du 1-octanol saturé avec de l'eau (Co) et dans de l’eau saturée avec du 1-octanol (Ce). Afin de déterminer le coefficient de partage, l'eau, le 1-octanol, et la substance d'essai sont équilibrés les uns avec les autres à température constante dans un réacteur thermostaté à 25° C, à l’abri de la lumière du jour et soumis à une agitation douce. L'échange entre les phases est accéléré par l'agitation. Les concentrations de la substance d'essai sont déterminées dans les deux phases. Chaque détermination de Poe est effectuée en utilisant au moins trois expériences de brassage lent indépendantes dans des conditions identiques. La régression employée pour démontrer que l'équilibre a été atteint doit s'appuyer sur les résultats d’au moins de quatre déterminations de Co/Ce à quatre moments ponctuels successifs.
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789264018099
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel OCDE de sensibilisation à la corruption à l'intention des contrôleurs d'impôts
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The OECD has designed a handbook to provide tax examiners with information on the various bribery techniques used and the tools to detect and identify bribes.
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789264024014
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030; Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Infrastructure to 2030: Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Transport ; Economics
    Abstract: L’énergie, les transports, l’eau et les télécommunications sont autant d’infrastructures indispensables au développement et à la croissance, aujourd’hui comme demain. Au cours des prochaines décennies, les besoins en investissements infrastructurels seront massifs, et se chiffreront en trillions de dollars. Comment seront financés ces investissements, alors que les populations des pays de l’OCDE vieillissent rapidement et que la situation des finances publiques devient plus délicate ? Comment des facteurs tels que l’urbanisation, le changement climatique et la mondialisation affecteront-ils le développement des infrastructures dans les pays de l’OCDE ? et comment le rôle du secteur public et des acteurs privés évoluera-t-il au fil du temps ? Ce ne sont là que quelques-unes des questions que le rapport de l'OCDE rapport soulève dans son évaluation à long terme du devenir des infrastructures des pays de l'OCDE et de la zone non-OCDE.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264018273
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (80 p)
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: These Guidelines offer principles and best practices for the licensing of genetic inventions used in human health care. They are targeted at all those involved with innovation and the provision of services in health, and particularly at those involved in the licensing of such inventions. The Guidelines are intended to assist both OECD and Non-OECD governments in the development of governmental policies as well as in their efforts to encourage appropriate behaviour in the licensing and transferring of genetic inventions. Overall, the Guidelines seek to foster the development and delivery to the market of products and services based on genetic inventions, such as therapeutics and diagnostics, in order to more effectively and efficiently address health care needs in both OECD member and non member countries.
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 90 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.250
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This report evaluates the evidence on how migration may promote or hinder development in countries of origin, and explores possible win-win solutions for both sending and receiving countries. The analysis of recent OECD data of foreign-born nationals into Europe documents the presence of multiple migration patterns and reveals that the EU lags significantly behind the United States in attracting highly-skilled migrants who originate mostly from Africa. Reviewing the analytical and empirical evidence on the economic and social costs and benefits of migration and remittances for sending countries reveals that migration can generate substantial direct and indirect gains for sending countries via employment generation, human capital accumulation, remittances, diaspora networks and return migration. Policy coherence across various policies including migration, trade, investment and development cooperation can augment these gains. Major challenges for EU policymaking to maximise the gains from migration for both sending and receiving countries could include better management of migration and human resources, smart visa policies to facilitate circular migration and greater synergies between migration and development assistance programmes in the context of poverty reduction strategy initiatives.
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.512
    Keywords: Economics ; Germany
    Abstract: High levels of unemployment and rising social charges have lead to considerable pressure on labour markets to adjust. Major steps in labour market reform have been implemented over the last three years. These need to be followed up in several respects in order to raise the economy’s capacity to generate employment. The present tax and transfer system still implies significant disincentives for labour supply of older people and spouses, which should be eliminated. Unemployment related benefits and active labour market policies can be better geared toward activating the unemployed, while institutional reform of the Public Employment Service should continue. On the labour demand side, there remains scope to raise the efficiency of Germany's employment protection system. Also, provisions should be made to allow for a higher degree of wage flexibility across qualifications and regions to fight unemployment. Regulatory conditions in other parts of the economy interact in important ways with labour market performance, underlining the need for a broad based reform approach. This Working Paper relates to the 2006 OECD Economic Survey of Germany (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Germany).
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  • 12
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.493
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The recent reform of the Stability and Growth Pact provides more leeway for EU governments to temporarily breach the 3% deficit limit if this facilitates the implementation of initially expensive reforms. But the implementation of this principle is not obvious as budgets would need to specify the initial and multi-annual budgetary cost and benefit profile of reforms. Budgets should also be explicit about the fiscal cost of inaction to allow a balanced judgment of countries? trade-offs between the various options available. This paper first assesses the information requirements to implement this new form of flexibility built into the Stability and Growth Pact. It then provides simulation exercises to highlight the positive budgetary effects of coordinated structural reforms in the euro area as well as the need for an adequate monetary policy response to make sure that demand adjusts to the improved supply conditions swiftly. The budgetary gains would still depend on the type of reform and their impact on employment and productivity. On the other hand, national policy initiatives by a single country may only have a limited impact, especially in the short term and in the case of a large country. Indeed, in monetary union, the strength of endogenous adjustment mechanisms appears to be weaker in larger countries. Finally, the experience of New Zealand and Australia has shown that the longer-term benefits of reforms both in terms of the budget and overall economic performance are significant. Even so, it is not easy to disentangle the various forces at play. Fundamentally, structural reform and the implementation of smart fiscal frameworks tend to go hand in hand ? indeed may be two sides of the same coin.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264030220
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Revised Introduction to the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9789282102091
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (133 p)
    Edition: 3e édition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Glossary for Transport Statistics 3rd Edition (Russian version)
    Keywords: Verkehrsstatistik ; Güterverkehr ; EU-Staaten ; Transport ; Glossar enthalten
    Abstract: Ce glossaire a pour but d'assister les pays membres pendant la collecte de données sur le transport effectuée par la CEE-ONU, la CEMT et Eurostat au moyen du Questionnaire commun. Cette troisième édition est le résultat de la coopération entre ces trois organisations, qui, grâce à un Groupe de travail Intersecrétariat, poursuivent l'effort d'harmonisation des statistiques de transport au niveau international. En suivant l'orientation exprimée dans ces définitions, une contribution considérable sera donnée à l'amélioration de la qualité des données et de leur comparabilité.
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on International Investment no.2006/02
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This paper was prepared in the context of the Investment Committee’s project on International Investor Participation in Infrastructure. It summarises information available in the public domain about investor-state dispute settlements in the infrastructure sectors. The document as a factual survey, however, does not necessarily reflect the views of the OECD or those of its Member governments. It cannot be construed as prejudging ongoing or future negotiations or disputes pertaining to international investment agreements. The purpose of the paper is to provide an indication of some of the challenges to international investor participation in infrastructure that have in the past led to the breakdown of working relationships between public and private partners. This paper was prepared by Catriona Paterson, a Consultant in the OECD Investment Division.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264011090
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (197 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Azerbaijan 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Azerbaijan 2005
    Keywords: Governance ; Azerbaijan
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2006/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le campus 〈〈 vert 〉〉 de proximité du Queen Margaret University College (Royaume-Uni)
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The new campus of Queen Margaret University College in the United Kingdom is designed to be a sustainable educational and community resource. Early consultation with students and staff on the campus design revealed a strong desire for a sustainable environment, with plenty of green space for all to enjoy. In response to this, the design focuses on maximising biodiversity, encouraging green transport, and making the most of natural daylight and ventilation in interior spaces. The Queen Margaret RE:LOCATE project will transform 35 acres of low grade farmland into diverse wildlife habitats to provide the parkland setting. The campus will be open to the public for leisure, education and recreation.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264026865
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 p.)
    Series Statement: Development Centre Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les indicateurs de gouvernance ; Usages et abus
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les indicateurs de gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arndt-Bascle, Christiane Uses and abuses of governance indicators
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    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; Entwicklungsländer ; Schwellenländer ; Governance-Ansatz ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Measurement ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Politics and government ; Governance ; Development ; Developing countries Politics and government ; Entwicklungsländer ; Regierung ; Leistungsbewertung ; Schwellenländer
    Abstract: Rapidly rising attention to the quality of governance in developing countries is driving explosive growth in the use of governance “indicators” by international investors, donors of official development assistance, development analysts and academics. This study helps them find their way through the jungle of existing governance indicators, and shows how they tend to be widely misused both in international comparisons and in tracking changes in individual countries. It also explains recent developments in the supply of governance indicators, arguing that while there will never be one perfect governance indicator, the production and use of more transparent governance indicators will better serve the needs of users and developing countries alike. "Highly informative and equally persuasive." -Adam Przeworski, Carroll and Milton Petrie Professor of Politics, New York University "Should be required reading by all who publish or use governance indicators, especially those who are making policy or offering policy advice." -John D. Sullivan, Executive Director, Center for International Private Enterprise “Given the proliferation of governance indicators, Arndt and Oman offer a welcome assessment of how existing studies are best interpreted and used by scholars, aid agencies, governments and businesses. This careful appraisal of present knowledge will be the basis for launching the next round of inquires.” -Hilton L. Root, Former U.S. Treasury Department Official, Author of Capital and Collusion, Princeton University Press. “A seminal study. Extremely thorough. Should reach a very wide audience” -François Roubaud, Director of Research, Développement Institutions et Analyses de Long terme (DIAL)
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9264028684
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy studies
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Liberalisation and universal access to basic services
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Liberalisation and universal access to basic services
    DDC: 354.728
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    Keywords: Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Elektrizitätswirtschaft ; Deregulierung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Konferenzschrift ; Entwicklungsländer ; Elektrizität ; Sanitäranlage ; Telekommunikation ; Wasserversorgung ; Liberalisierung ; Zugang ; Finanzdienstleistung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Öffentliche Aufgaben ; Deregulierung ; Daseinsvorsorge ; Schwellenländer ; Öffentliche Dienstleistung ; Liberalisierung ; Daseinsvorsorge
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  • 20
    Language: English
    Pages: 44 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.40
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: 1. Economists and policymakers increasingly use the word “actuarial” in the analysis of pension systems and retirement incentives. But the debate is often confused. “Actuarial fairness” and “actuarial neutrality” are promoted loosely as desirable goals of pension reform. This paper distinguishes two actuarial concepts and discusses their importance for defined-benefit, defined-contribution and notional accounts pension plans. • Actuarial fairness, which requires that the present value of lifetime contributions equals the present value of lifetime benefits. Actuarial fairness relates to the entire lifetime of contributions and benefits • Actuarial neutrality, which requires that the present value of accrued pension benefits for working an additional year is the same as in the year before (meaning that benefits increase only by the additional entitlement earned in that year). Conversely, retiring a year earlier should reduce the pension benefit both by the entitlement that would have been earned during the year and by an amount to reflect the longer duration for which the pension must be paid. Actuarial neutrality is a marginal concept, relating to the effect of working an additional year. 2. The discussion shows that it is very difficult to design pension systems around these actuarial concepts alone. Most retirement income systems have several components; some of these may be actuarially fair or actuarially neutral but others, notably safety-nets to protect retirees from poverty, will by definition not fulfil the conditions of actuarial fairness or neutrality. Finally, both concepts are defined across the population, regardless of the systematic differences in life-expectancy between women and men or between low-income groups and richer workers. People who expect to live longer will get a better deal out of the pension system than those who are expected to die earlier.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013285
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (69 p.)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This book provides comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of the standard in force for grading beans in international trade under the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by the OECD in 1962. It is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or those interested in international trade of beans.
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264029249 , 9264029257
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Nuclear development
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Nuclear power plant life management and longer-term operation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion et prolongation de la durée de vie des centrales nucléaires
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Laufzeit
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264013391
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Résumé des considérations du rapport du groupe d'experts sur la chimie physique
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264028418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 p.)
    Series Statement: Schooling for Tomorrow
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'école face aux attentes du public ; Faits et enjeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'école face aux attentes du public : Faits et enjeux
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Demand-sensitive schooling?
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    Keywords: Schule ; Bildungsreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Education and state OECD countries ; Education OECD countries ; Education ; Schulentwicklung
    Abstract: Many educational experts are identifying a critical shift from supply-led systems — operating to procedures decided by educational authorities, schools and teachers — towards systems which are much more sensitive to demand. But, whose demands should these be? What are they? And how will schools recognize and cope with them? This book examines different aspects of the demand concept and presents international evidence from Austria, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Denmark, England, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Poland, Spain, and the United States to reveal attitudes and expectations.
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9264012508 , 9789264012516
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Skills upgrading
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Améliorer les compétences
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer les compétences : Vers de nouvelles politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills upgrading
    RVK:
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Fallstudiensammlung ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Berufsbildung ; OECD ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Angelernter Arbeiter ; OECD ; Betriebliche Fortbildung ; Mitarbeiterschulung
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264023611
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 p.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Schulerfolg von Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrundim internationalen Vergleich
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD. Programme for International Student Assessment Where immigrant students succeed
    DDC: 371.826912
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    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Welt ; Migranten ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Statistik 2003 ; PISA-Studie ; Einwanderer ; Bildungsgang ; PISA-Studie ; Einwanderer ; Bildungsgang
    Abstract: Drawing on data from the OECD’s Programme for International Students Assessment (PISA), this report examines the performance of students with immigrant backgrounds and compares it to that of their native counterparts. As well as providing information on countries’ approaches to the integration of immigrants, it looks at other factors that could influence immigrant students’ performance – such as their attitudes to school, their motivation and learning strategies as well as their social background and the language spoken at home – giving valuable implications for educational policy.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264012110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Programmes de gestion des déchets radioactifs des pays membres de l'OCDE/AEN
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: These fact sheets present the radioactive waste management programmes of 20 OECD/NEA member countries. They include information about the sources, types and quantities of waste as well as how and by whom they are managed. References for further information are also provided for each country.
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9789264064096
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; France
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: France
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; France
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264016842
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 311 ; Essai de biodégradabilité anaérobie des composés organiques dans une boue digérée ; mesure du dégagement gazeux
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 311 : Essai de biodégradabilité anaérobie des composés organiques dans une boue digérée : mesure du dégagement gazeux
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes a screening method for the evaluation of potential anaerobic biodegradability of organic chemicals under specific conditions. Washed digested sludge, containing low (〈10 mg/L) concentrations of inorganic carbon (IC), is diluted about ten-fold to a total solids concentration of 1 g/L to 3 g/L and incubated at 35 °C ±2°C in sealed vessels with the test substance at 20 to 100 mg C/L for up to 60 days. The activity of the sludge is measured by running parallel blank controls. To check the procedure a reference substance (phenol, sodium benzoate, polyethylene glycol 400) is tested in parallel. At least triplicate test vessels for the test substance, blank controls, reference substance, inhibition controls and pressure control chambers are prepared. The increase in headspace pressure in the vessels resulting from the production of carbon dioxide and methane is measured. The inorganic carbon is measured at the end of the test. The amount of carbon (inorganic plus methane) resulting from the biodegradation of the test substance, is calculated from the net gas production and net IC formation in the liquid phase, in excess of blank control values. The extent of biodegradation is calculated from total IC and methane-C produced as a percentage of the measured or calculated amount of carbon added as test substance.
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  • 30
    Language: French
    Pages: 5 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2006/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Accessibility Programme and School Restoration in Lisbon
    Keywords: Education ; Portugal
    Abstract: La municipalité de Lisbonne (Portugal), qui s’efforce d’améliorer l’accueil des enfants souffrant de déficiences à l’école primaire, a récemment mis en oeuvre un programme visant à rendre les écoles plus accessibles et a restauré un bâtiment historique dans le cadre de ce projet.
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  • 31
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.42
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Germany ; Netherlands ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: Strategies to 'activate' the unemployed with the help of high-quality employment services have continuously gained importance in the policy debate. The purpose of this report is to examine how activation strategies and the performance of employment services are addressed in three countries which have undertaken considerable reforms in recent years, namely Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. All three review countries have implemented a 'mutual obligations' approach.
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  • 32
    Language: English
    Pages: 39 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.485
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil's fiscal adjustment since the floating of the real in 1999 has been impressive, even in periods of lacklustre growth. This suggests a remarkable fiscal effort to ensure public debt sustainability. To better gauge the magnitude of this adjustment effort, this paper applies the methodology used by the OECD Secretariat to distinguish changes in the fiscal stance that are due to policy action from those that are related to the automatic stabilisers built into the tax code, the social security system and unemployment insurance. The paper's main finding is that discretionary action tends to be essentially pro-cyclical in downturns, underscoring the presence of a strong "sustainability motive" in the conduct of Brazilian fiscal policy. Spending on mandatory items, such as personnel, are pro-cyclical in upturns too, which can create a "ratcheting-up" effect on government spending over time, an issue that will have to be addressed to improve the quality of on-going fiscal adjustment. An increase in the debt-to-GDP ratio by 1 percentage point is associated with a decrease in discretionary federal spending by 0.33 percentage point during 1997-2005. This responsiveness appears to have become stronger after the floating of the real in 1999. This Working Paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Brazil (www.oecd.org/eco/survey/brazil).
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  • 33
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.34
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Traditions et développement : Parfois, 〈〈 le mieux est l'ennemi du bien 〉〉
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Sustainable development requires well co-ordinated and functioning formal and informal institutions. In developing countries, courts, regulations and formal conventions are often observed in the breach or fail to function. By default, informal institutions – tradition, culture, family structures and general social norms – play a crucial role. Trust, solidarity and social cohesion make up the tripod of community identity which can even promote development, as the Nobel Committee recognised by awarding its 2006 Peace prize to the micro credit pioneering Grameen Bank and its founder Muhammed Yunus.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264066601
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Sweden
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Sweden
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Sweden
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.29
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Migration, a Negative or a Positive Driver for Development?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: L’impact des migrations sur le développement varie selon le profil des migrants, leur destination et la manière dont les pays d’origine s’ajustent à ces départs. Loin de se compenser mutuellement, les migrations et les politiques de développement se complètent. L’impact positif des migrations peut être optimisé par des politiques de visas judicieuses et le renforcement des capacités dans les pays d’origine.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.480
    Keywords: Economics ; Norway
    Abstract: Norway will face a fast maturing old age pension scheme over the 30 next years whereas oil revenues will supply only a part of implicit liabilities related to the present generation. This working paper examines the recently proposed new measures to strengthen long term fiscal sustainability in Norway. Even though a broad agreement was reached in the parliament on the proposed principles of pension reform, crucial elements are still under discussion, among these the decision on a flexible retirement age based on actuarially fair notional accounts and the strength of the link between income and benefits. Estimated savings arising from strengthened work incentives introducing a longevity coefficient and less generous indexation are three percentage points of GDP over the long term compared to an expected nine percentage points of GDP financing gap for welfare spending. For the proposals to have maximum impact, public subsidies to existing early retirement schemes should be removed and eligibility for disability pensions and long-term sick leaves tightened. This paper relates to the 2005 OECD Economic Survey of Norway (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/norway).
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  • 37
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.257
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Large Western corporations have long invested overseas to penetrate markets, seek resources, and increase efficiency. After the explosion of inward FDI to the South in the 1990s, it is now the turn of the largest companies from emerging and transition economies, including the so-called BRICs, to intensify their outward FDI through mergers and acquisitions as well as greenfield investments. The contours of this emerging phenomenon are described in this paper, with a focus on the quantification of the weight of South-South FDI flows and their developmental consequences.
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9789264066373
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Italy
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Italy
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Italy
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264066113
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (137 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales ; Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen; Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales ; Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises; Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'environnement et les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales : Instruments et méthodes pour les entreprises
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Umwelt und OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen: Betriebliche Instrumente und Konzepte
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El Medio Ambiente y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales : Herramientas y Enfoques Empresariales
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Environment and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Corporate Tools and Approaches (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Environment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.122
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper uses trade and employment data to examine the relationship between the share of employment potentially affected by offshoring and economic and structural factors, including trade in business services and foreign direct investment, using simple descriptive regressions for a panel of OECD economies between 1996 and 2003.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 9789264066458
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Netherlands
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Netherlands
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Netherlands
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  • 42
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.26
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.26
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This report sets out the particular approach to special and differential treatment (SDT) in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). In particular, the report explores how the degree of flexibility afforded to all Members under the GATS shapes its approach to SDT. Further, the report analyses the current proposals for improving SDT provisions in the context of the GATS. Finally, some initial empirical evidence on the use and effectiveness of SDT provisions in the GATS is presented, both in terms of market access in sectors of export interest to developing countries and services-related technical assistance.
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers no.2006/03
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: One of the key challenges to ensuring adequate supplies of fresh water and sanitary wastewater systems is to build the capacity of various stakeholders to manage and deliver water and sanitation services. One element of such capacity building is technological and includes the wide deployment of water quality monitoring and analysis equipment. This report explores four cases in China, India, Malaysia, and Chinese Taipei, where water-quality monitoring and protection capacity has been improved through the use of imported water-quality monitoring equipment combined with indigenous implementation.
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.534
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: This paper reviews the main elements of social security reform in Brazil since 1998 and discusses areas where further policy action is yet to be taken to ensure the sustainability of the social-security system over time. Outlays on pensions paid to private-sector workers have risen as a result of population ageing and the increase in the value of the minimum wage in real terms, to which the minimum pension is linked. Some features of existing social protection programmes, including means-tested old-age and disability-related benefits, reduce the incentives facing workers to seek social security coverage. At the same time, an expansion of the base of contributions to social security has been constrained by widespread labour informality. Further reform will therefore need to focus on options for containing the rise in social security spending while tackling labour informality so as to broaden the base of contributions.
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.494
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper provides cross-country empirical evidence on the productivity of bank transaction taxes (BTTs). Our data set comprises six Latin American countries that have levied BTTs since the late 1980s: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. We find that, for a given tax rate, revenue declines over time. Therefore, in order to meet a fixed revenue target in real terms, the tax rate needs to be raised repeatedly. However, we also find that successive increases in the tax rate erode the tax base by more than they raise revenue yield and that the higher the increase in the tax rate, the more and faster the tax base is eroded. We conclude that BTTs do not provide a reliable source of revenue, especially over the medium term.
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.27
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. De la démocratie en Amérique latine
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Latin American Countries vary widely in their institutional capacity to conduct economic policy analysis. Capacity for policy analysis is a necessary condition for economic reform but capacity for implementation is also needed. The point of contact between these two capacities - to analyse and to implement - is undoubtedly one of the central levers on which international co-operation can act.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.43
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.43
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: The post world war II era has been characterized by unprecedented growth in the world economy and progressive reduction in barriers to international trade and investment. The objective of this study is to assess to what extent the observed growth and deepening international economic integration are related. It begins by discussing the concept of dynamic gains from trade. Narrowly defined, dynamic gains are traderelated changes in the long-run rate of productivity growth. Although there is no conclusive evidence that...
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264022669
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE ; France 2006
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : France 2006
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als France
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Regionalpolitik ; Zentrum-Peripherie-Beziehungen ; Regionales Cluster ; Frankreich ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France ; Bericht ; Frankreich ; Regionalpolitik ; Regionalismus
    Abstract: This detailed policy review examines recent developments in regional policy in France and in particular, challenges regarding competiveness policies and multilevel governance. It includes interesting statistics related to regions and makes a series of recommendations for French authorities.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789264066328
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Iceland
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Iceland
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Iceland
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 70 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.28
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.28
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: Significant progress has been made in quantifying the effects of non-tariff measures since OECD commissioned its last major review of this topic in 1997. This paper reviews the literature of NTMs and assesses the different methods available. Additionally, the paper develops a series of questions to help determine which method of analysis is best given the interests of the researchers or policy makers. Of the possible avenues of future research, the trade costs approach is offered. This approach has the potential of shedding new light on the interactions among various policies and practices by assessing which areas offer the greatest potential for gains, and improving the precision of available estimates.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264063914
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Denmark
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Denmark
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Denmark
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2006/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Partenariats public-privé dans les Flandres
    Keywords: Education ; Belgium
    Abstract: Belgium’s Flemish government recently approved a EUR 1 billion investment in school infrastructure through public-private partnerships, its first major initiative of this kind. The Flemish Community’s variant of public-private partnerships in school building allows the government to meet urgent needs in the short run, but also to spread the costs over a longer period.
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.46
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.46
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This technical paper analyses the role of business services in selected OECD and non-OECD economies using recently published input-output tables for 32 countries in or close to the year 2000. Business services have long been recognised as important drivers in the global economy, and this study reinforces that view with a comprehensive, quantitative cross-country analysis of how the manufacturing and business services sectors interact in the production process. Our analysis suggests that...
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2006/02
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le Centre Mawson : Accès de tous aux services éducatifs
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: In the knowledge society of the 21st century everyone – not only children but every person, enterprise and organisation – will need ongoing access to a full range of quality education and training services. This principle, often espoused by the OECD and endorsed by the ministers of education in its member countries, has driven the planning and delivery of education and training services at Mawson Lakes, a new development on the outskirts of Adelaide in South Australia. The access point for these services, The Mawson Centre, which opened in 2005, was designed for the community as a whole.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264066410
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; Luxembourg
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: Luxembourg
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; Luxembourg
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  • 56
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.482
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD makes frequent use of the supply-side framework and associated measures of factor productivity, productive potential and associated output gaps in the assessment of the short-term conjunctural situation, comparative economic performance and longer-term growth determinants. This paper describes a number of recent changes and improvements in the methods used in estimating potential output for OECD countries and the systems in which they are used, notably for the production of mediumterm economic scenarios. By and large, these reflect important changes and improvements in available statistical data sets, notably for measuring productive capital, as well as the development of more efficient model-based methods for making medium-term projections on a consistent international basis.
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  • 57
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.107
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report examines the statistical relationship between the share of employment potentially affected by ICT-enabled offshoring of services and other economic and structural developments, using some simple descriptive regressions on a panel of OECD economies between 1996 and 2003.
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.105
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The jurisdiction of regulators has changed in many countries as responsibilities, formerly with ministries, was transferred to regulators.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264011083
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (181 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Armenia 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Armenia 2005
    Keywords: Governance ; Armenia
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.504
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la performance du marché du travail en France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: With high unemployment, low participation of specific groups such as the low-skilled and those nearing retirement age, and relatively low average hours worked, France is far from using its full labour potential. Improving the labour market situation would not only increase living standards and growth potential but also reduce social exclusion and ease pressures on public spending. This paper analyses various characteristics of the French labour market that may explain the low utilisation of labour potential. It puts forward the need for a comprehensive reform of the labour market aiming at: i) shifting the burden of social protection in the labour market away from employers towards the state by reducing and streamlining employment protection legislation; ii) removing incentives that lead to early withdrawal from the labour market; iii) allowing employers and employees more freedom to negotiate working hours; and iv) improving efficiency in job placement services.
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 22 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.515
    Keywords: Economics ; Canada
    Abstract: The objective of this paper is to develop a short-term indicator-based model to predict quarterly GDP in Canada by efficiently exploiting all available monthly information. To this aim, monthly forecasting equations are estimated using the GDP series published every month by Statistics Canada as well as other monthly indicators. The procedures are automated and the model can be run whenever major monthly data are released, allowing the appropriate choice of the model according to the information set available. The most important gain from this procedure is for the current-quarter forecast when one or two months of GDP data are available, with all monthly models estimated in the paper outperforming a standard quarterly autoregressive model in terms of size of errors. The use of indicators also appears to improve forecasting performance, especially when an average of indicator-based models is used. Real-time forecasting performance of the average model appear to be good, with an apparent stability of the estimates from one update to the next, despite the extensive use of monthly data. The latter result should nonetheless be interpreted with caution and will need to be re-assessed when more data become available.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9789264014978
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Summary of Considerations in the Report from the OECD Expert Group on Physical Chemistry
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 63
    Language: French
    Pages: 4 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2006/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Design Quality Indicator for Schools in the United Kingdom
    Keywords: Education ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: En décembre 2005, le Royaume-Uni a adopté un dispositif pour évaluer la qualité de la conception des établissements primaires et secondaires. L’indicateur de la qualité de la conception (DQI) des établissements scolaires est un outil susceptible d’aider les acteurs concernés – enseignants, parents, administrateurs d’école, élèves, citoyens, autorités locales clientes et professionnels du bâtiment – à atteindre l’excellence dans la conception des établissements scolaires et des terrains, qu’il s’agisse d’espaces nouveaux ou réaménagés. La grille d’évaluation DQI a été établie par le ministère de l’Éducation et le Conseil de l’industrie de la construction (Construction Industry Council).
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  • 64
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.16
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Base de données Égalité homme femme, Institutions et Développement
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: This policy insight introduces the Gender, Institutions and Development Data Base: a new tool to determine and analyse obstacles to women's economic development.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Briefs no.31
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Après Gleneagles : La place des prêts dans l'APD
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Suppose a DAC donor earmarks $1 billion of taxpayers’ money for official development assistance (ODA). The donor may use two instruments as an outright grant or in combination with a market loan to produce a concessional loan of $2 billion with a percentage grant element of 50 per cent. Many nowadays think the choice should be clear: provide grants only, leave loans to the market. The purpose of this Policy Brief is to qualify and inform this choice....
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.23
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. China: A Helping Hand for Latin America?
    Keywords: Development ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: En relançant les exportations et, indirectement, en améliorant les termes de l’échange, la Chine exerce un impact commercial positif sur l’Amérique latine. Son émergence est également un signal d’alarme. Elle invite à une reprise des réformes, notamment dans les infrastructures, afin de consolider l’avantage comparatif de l’Amérique latine.
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  • 67
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.21
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Is More Money Enough to Fix Africa's Transport Infrastructure?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Les infrastructures de transport ont été dangereusement négligées ces dernières années en Afrique. Le manque d’infrastructures de transport est un frein à l’intégration économique et à la réduction de la pauvreté.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264067080
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Législations nucléaires des pays de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries; United States
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nuclear Legislation in OECD Countries: United States
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy ; United States
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264012417
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (202 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Measuring Globalisation; OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators 2005
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les Indicateurs de mondialisation économique, étayés de plus de 250 graphiques, permettent de mieux cerner les activités économiques des pays membres qui sont sous contrôle étranger, et tout particulièrement la contribution des entreprises multinationales à la croissance, à l’emploi, à la productivité, à la rémunération salariale, à la recherche-développement, à la diffusion technologique et aux échanges internationaux. L’analyse mesure ainsi l'intensité et l'importance du processus de mondialisation et jette une lumière nouvelle sur les interdépendances financières, technologiques et commerciales des pays de l’OCDE.
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  • 70
    ISBN: 9789264022508
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE de la réforme de la réglementation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform; Switzerland 2006; Seizing the Opportunities for Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Cet examen explore les améliorations possibles de la qualité réglementaire dans le contexte institutionnel suisse. Depuis un certain nombre d’années, le taux de croissance de l’économie suisse est inférieur à la moyenne de la zone de l’OCDE. Si cette tendance persiste, il sera difficile de faire face aux besoins financiers générés par le vieillissement rapide de la population et de préserver le niveau de vie. Ce rapport évoque la nécessité de promouvoir la concurrence sur le marché intérieur, d’adopter une stratégie nationale pour la qualité réglementaire, et d'améliorer la performance dans le secteur des infrastructures. Tout en décrivant le contexte macroéconomique, cet ouvrage présente un panorama des résultats et des enjeux de la réforme de la réglementation, dans des domaines comme la qualité réglementaire, la politique de la concurrence et l'ouverture des marchés. Il met également l'accent sur la réforme de l'électricité ainsi que sur les cadres de régulation dans les secteurs du transport aérien, des chemins de fer, des services postaux et des services de télécommunications.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264022683
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; France 2006
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; France
    Abstract: Dans cet examen détaillé des politiques, sont passés en revue les faits nouveaux en matière de politique régionale en France et, en particulier, les enjeux des politiques de compétitivité et de la gouvernance multiniveaux. Il contient des statistiques intéressantes concernant les régions et formule une série de recommandations à l’intention des pouvoirs publics français.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025530
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (199 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'économie politique des taxes liées à l'environnement
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The political economy of environmentally related taxes
    DDC: 336.201
    RVK:
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Ökosteuer ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Taxation ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Umweltsteuer ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Based on experience in OECD countries, this book provides a comprehensive discussion of the effectiveness of environmentally related taxes, of recent research on the environmental and economic impacts of applying them, an on their potential for wider use. In particular, it looks at how to overcome obstacles to their implementation. It also discusses the environmental and economic effects of combining such taxes with other instruments for environmetal policy.
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789264022089
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Challenges to fiscal adjustment in Latin America
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Öffentliche Finanzen ; Haushaltskonsolidierung ; Argentinien ; Brasilien ; Chile ; Mexiko ; Finance and Investment ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Mexico ; Argentinien ; Brasilien ; Chile ; Mexiko ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Fiskalpolitik
    Abstract: This volume discusses progress made to date in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico in putting their finances in order and points out the challenges ahead. It provides an overview of trends and highlights the diversity of fiscal adjustment processes in Latin American countries. It also describes the financial market perspective and role of sovereign debt ratings. The chapter on Argentina debunks the view that fiscal management in the 1990s was irresponsible, arguing instead that the financial crisis was caused by a confluence of costly pension reforms, Brady debt restructuring and the recognition of fiscal “skeletons” in the closet. The chapter on Brazil makes a case for a more entrenched culture of fiscal austerity to make the current achievements sustainable. The Chile chapter describes the role of political cohesiveness following the return of democracy in driving the economy to fiscal rectitude. Finally, the chapter on Mexico discusses different scenarios for debt dynamics and the country’s efforts to contain expenditure pressures.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264013490
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (140 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Development Effectiveness of Food Aid; Does Tying Matter?
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development
    Abstract: Cet ouvrage étudie en détail deux questions liées à l’aide alimentaire. D’abord il examine l’efficacité de l’aide alimentaire pour promouvoir la sécurité alimentaire et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Il s’agit là d’une question qui n’est toujours pas tranchée : les études indépendantes sur les activités de développement liées à l’aide alimentaire oscillent entre un optimisme prudent et un pessimisme nuancé. Cette étude montre clairement que l’aide alimentaire en nature a des coûts importants estimés à au moins 30% en moyenne. Par contre, la plupart des achats locaux et des importations issues de la région sont des moyens efficaces de fournir une aide alimentaire. On pourrait ainsi réaliser des gains d’efficience considérables en élargissant les sources d’approvisionnement en denrées alimentaires. Cette étude montre qu’une aide financière constitue dans la plupart des cas la meilleure solution. C’est presque toujours le moyen le plus efficace de financer une distribution directe de vivres ou d’apporter une aide budgétaire au développement en général ou à des projets.
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  • 75
    ISBN: 9789282113578
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening Inland Waterway Transport; Pan-European Co-operation for Progress
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette publication contient l’ensemble des communications qui ont été présentées lors de l’atelier sur le transport par voies navigables qui s’est tenu à Paris les 22 et 23 septembre 2005. Cet atelier intitulé « Renforcer le transport par voies navigables : Aller de l’avant par la coopération paneuropéenne » avait pour objectif de préparer la Conférence ministérielle prévue à Bucarest en septembre 2006 en identifiant les progrès accomplis depuis la Conférence paneuropéenne sur le transport par voies navigables de Rotterdam en 2001. Les communications reproduites traitent notamment du développement du marché des voies navigables dans un contexte paneuropéen, des conditions de concurrence, du développement des infrastructures et de l’environnement. Une synthèse des débats de l’Atelier ainsi que les conclusions de celui-ci sont également reproduites dans cette publication. L’atelier a été organisé conjointement par la CEMT, la CEE-ONU, la Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin et la Commission du Danube.
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  • 76
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264012530
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (364 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Développement économique et création d'emplois locaux (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Skills Upgrading; New Policy Perspectives
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development
    Abstract: Les compétences sont essentielles pour accéder à des emplois plus satisfaisants et à une vie meilleure. Pourtant, l’acquisition de compétences est souvent plus ardue pour ceux qui en ont le plus besoin. Ils sont pris au piège d’emplois mal payés et leurs conditions de travail sont difficiles. Des expériences novatrices menées à travers les pays de l’OCDE montrent qu’il est possible de s’affranchir de ces obstacles. Un large éventail de représentants de gouvernements, de milieux d’affaires et de la société civile unissent leurs efforts et prennent des initiatives qui comblent l’écart entre la politique du marché du travail et la formation professionnelle, corrigent les faiblesses des travailleurs et satisfont les besoins évolutifs des employeurs. Les leçons à tirer de ces expériences sont riches, comme le montrent les cas étudiés en Belgique (Région flamande), au Canada, au Danemark, aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123560
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (120 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. ECMT Annual Report 2005
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Cette brochure décrit les activités de la CEMT au cours de l'année 2005. Elle contient le texte des principaux documents approuvés par le Conseil des Ministres des Transports à Moscou et couvre : les événements majeurs de l'année, l'évolution des transports, les activités des groupes de travail de la CEMT, et les activités du CCRT. Elle comprend également un organigramme et le répertoire du personnel.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025080
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Objectif développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cotton in West Africa; The Economic and Social Stakes
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade
    Abstract: En Afrique de l’Ouest, environ 16 millions de personnes vivent directement ou indirectement de la culture du coton. Or, les subventions du monde développé ont fait baisser le cours du coton, rendant la concurrence difficile pour les producteurs d'Afrique occidentale. Pour compliquer les choses, les négociations de l’OMC sur le coton ont été suspendues. Ce livre engage à poursuivre le dialogue entre pays développés et pays en développement sur ce point. Il montre à quel point le coton joue un rôle économique et social de premier plan en Afrique de l’Ouest. Il retrace le processus de consultations sur la crise du coton dans cette partie du monde afin de trouver une solution négociée et acceptable pour toutes les parties concernées. Enfin, il est aussi question des défis et des mesures qu’il convient de prendre à moyen et long terme pour éviter l’effondrement brutal de ce sous-secteur.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264025066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le coton en Afrique de l'Ouest ; Un enjeu économique et social
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cotton in West Africa
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollindustrie ; Baumwolle ; Außenhandel ; Westafrika ; Agriculture and Food ; Development ; Trade ; Westafrika ; Baumwollanbau ; Baumwollhandel
    Abstract: In West Africa, approximately 16 million people depend directly or indirectly on cotton cultivation. But subsidies in the developed world have suppressed cotton prices and have made it difficult for West African producers to compete. Compounding the problem, WTO negotiations on the problem have been suspended. This publication contends that the dialogue between developed and developing countries on this topic must continue. It sets out the regional stakes linked to the economic and social importance of cotton in West Africa. It retraces the consultation process on the West African cotton crisis with the aim of finding a negotiated solution acceptable to all parties. Also discussed are the challenges and the measures that need to be taken over the medium and long term in order to prevent this sub-sector’s sudden collapse.
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  • 80
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264024861
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Cycles du combustible nucléaire avancés et gestion des déchets radioactifs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Advanced nuclear fuel cycles and radioactive waste management
    Keywords: Kernenergie ; Nukleare Entsorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; Forschungsbericht ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    Abstract: This study analyses a range of advanced nuclear fuel cycle options from the perspective of their effect on radioactive waste management policies. It presents various fuel cycle options which illustrate differences between alternative technologies, but does not purport to cover all foreseeable future fuel cycles. The analysis extends the work carried out in previous studies, assesses the fuel cycles as a whole, including all radioactive waste generated at each step of the cycles, and covers high-level waste repository performance for the different fuel cycles considered.
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  • 81
    ISBN: 9789264035966
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Series Statement: Environmental Finance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Local capital markets for environmental infrastructure
    RVK:
    Keywords: Regionaler Finanzsektor ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; China ; Kasachstan ; Russland ; Ukraine ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; China, People’s Republic ; Kazakhstan ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine ; China ; Kasachstan ; Ukraine ; Russland ; Investition ; Umweltschutz ; Kreditmarkt
    Abstract: Transition and emerging economies have difficulties developing their financial markets to a level that would provide access to long-term debt finance at an affordable cost. This report examines opportunities beyond the public sector for financing water and other environmental infrastructure. Specifically, opportunities for accessing savings through private financial and capital markets have been examined. The report identifies bottlenecks to the development of local financial markets for environmental infrastructure and discusses policy recommendations to tackle them.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264029255
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (58 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gestion et prolongation de la durée de vie des centrales nucléaires
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This book, prepared by NEA member country experts, contains data and analyses relevant to nuclear power plant life management and the plants' extended, longer-term operation (LTO). It addresses technical, economic and environmental aspects and provides insights into the benefits and challenges of plant life management and LTO.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264035423
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Miracle, crisis and beyond
    RVK:
    Keywords: Wirtschaftswachstum ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Ostasien ; Development ; Schwellenländer ; Ostasien ; OECD ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: What factors govern growth and sustainability? The remarkable recent development of several East Asian countries had brought this question to the fore. While other books have examined the impact of domestic policies and their interaction, this volume looks at the impact of OECD country policies on the region in a variety of areas: trade, investment, environment, agriculture, finance and aid, as well as macroeconomic policies and regional co-operation. Further, and most importantly, the book examines the coherence lessons of these OECD-country policies in the light of future challenges in East Asia and other developing regions. This publication is the synthesis and first chapter of Policy Coherence Towards East Asia: Development Challenges for OECD Countries, OECD (2005).
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.519
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper considers the case for adjusting measures of the cyclically-adjusted fiscal balance for exceptional movements in the terms of trade for those countries where production of commodities is a substantial share of output. For such countries exceptional movements in commodity prices, such as have occurred in recent years, are likely to lead to higher tax revenues, most immediately from the companies directly involved in extracting or producing the commodities, but also less directly as the consequent rise in the terms of trade increases real incomes more broadly. A simple method is proposed to allow for exceptional developments in commodity prices using an adjustment based on a concept of the real income gap rather than a real output gap. This method is subsequently applied to Australia -- one of the world?s leading producers of mined commodities -- and the results contrasted with the standard OECD method of calculating the cyclically-adjusted fiscal balance. It is shown that over much of history the two methods generate similar results, but during exceptional periods of rapid change in commodity prices the measures can be very different. The analysis highlights that a key assumption needed to adjust for commodity price developments concerns the equilibrium level of the terms of trade. While the assumption that the terms of trade returns to long-run historical trends might appear a natural benchmark, recent sustained strong growth in demand for commodities from China and other developing Asian economies raises the question as to whether this has led to a permanent increase in the terms of trade of major commodity producers like Australia and has thus permanently raised government revenues. This Working Paper relates to the 2006 OECD Economic Survey of Australia (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/australia).
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  • 85
    ISBN: 9789264011106
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (244 p.)
    Series Statement: Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies (Russian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies; Georgia 2005
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fighting Corruption in Transition Economies: Georgia 2005
    Keywords: Governance ; Georgia
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.499
    Keywords: Economics ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: This paper looks at ways of ensuring Czech regions and municipalities are fully motivated to make efficiency improvements in public service provision and so help achieve countrywide fiscal sustainability. The very large number of small municipalities in the Czech Republic means that scale economies are difficult to exploit and the policy options for overcoming this problem are discussed. In the financing system there are issues of transparency and the balance between autonomy for the regions and municipalities and central-government power to direct resources. In terms of accountability, questions of oversight and transparency arise in the public-procurement system and benchmarking in cost and output in public services is not yet widely used. This Working Paper relates to the 2006 OECD Economic Survey of the Czech Republic (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Czech).
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.531
    Keywords: Economics ; Brazil
    Abstract: Brazil has made considerable progress in recent years towards consolidating macroeconomic stability, which is a key framework condition for sustained growth. Monetary policy continues to respond swiftly to changes in the inflation outlook, anchoring expectations. Fiscal policy has been guided by debt sustainability considerations, delivering primary budget surpluses that have often exceeded the end-year targets. Nevertheless, while the public debt-to-GDP has been reduced, it remains high, especially in comparison with other emerging-market economies. Brazil?s overarching macroeconomic challenge is therefore to continue to reduce the public debt overhang while improving the quality of fiscal adjustment, which has so far been underpinned by revenue hikes, rather than a retrenchment of expenditure commitments. To do so, measures will need to be taken to arrest the increase in current spending, especially on pensions, paving the way for subsequently removing distortions and reducing the tax burden over the medium to longer term, once the debt-to-GDP ratio has been reduced in a sustainable manner. The favourable domestic macroeconomic environment, with falling inflation and improving growth prospects, appears propitious for reform towards the gradual phasing-out of directed credit and a reduction in compulsory reserve requirements.
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  • 88
    ISBN: 9264024824
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy studies
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Environmental and energy products
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Produits énergétiques et écologiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Produits énergétiques et écologiques : Les avantages de la libéralisation des échanges
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Environmental and energy products
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Handelsliberalisierung ; Natürliche Ressourcen ; Erneuerbare Energie ; OECD-Staaten ; Energietechnik ; Umweltverträgliches Produkt ; Welthandel ; Liberalisierung
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789282123461
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: ECMT Round Tables no.129
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'offre de transports ; Les limites de la (dé)réglementation
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'offre de transports : Les limites de la (dé)réglementation
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: While deregulation and privatisation in the transport sector have led to increases in productivity in general, not all reform hopes have materialised. In particular, the reform of the provision of infrastructure services has not caused the expected mobilisation of private resources, and concession relations have been less stable and less efficiency-enhancing than expected. In view of current discussions of reform results, the Round Table focused on the following issues: What are the limits for deregulation? Which are the crucial factors that necessitate regulation? What is the role of the transaction costs of regulation? What is the cost of regulation?
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  • 90
    ISBN: 9264023917
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD rural policy reviews [paradi]
    Series Statement: OECD rural policy reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. ;The new rural paradigm
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le nouveau paradigme rural : Politiques et gouvernance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Das neue Paradigma für den ländlichen Raum: Politik und Governance
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. El nuevo paradigma rural : políticas y gobernanza
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The new rural paradigm
    RVK:
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Investitionsförderung ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; OECD
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9264013989
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Economic valuation of environmental health risks to children
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Economic valuation of environmental health risks to children
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Gesundheitsrisiko ; Umweltbelastung ; Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Gesundheitsgefährdung ; Kind
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264069565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (18 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 1
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 104; Pression de vapeur
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 104: Pression de vapeur
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes eight methods to measure the vapour pressure. Each one can be applied in different vapour pressure ranges. The vapour pressure (in Pascal) of a substance is defined as the saturation pressure above a solid or liquid substance and is determined at various temperatures (in Kelvin). The methods used are: the dynamic method (Cottrell’s method), the static method, the isoteniscope Method, the effusion method: vapour pressure balance, the effusion method: Knudsen cell, the effusion method: isothermal thermogravimetry, the gas saturation method and the spinning rotor method. The vapour pressure from any of the preceding methods should be determined for at least two temperatures. Three or more are preferred in the range 0 to 50°C, in order to check the linearity of the vapour pressure curve. In case of Effusion methods and Gas saturation method, 120 to 150 °C is recommended for the measuring temperature range instead of 0 to 50°C.
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  • 93
    Language: French
    Pages: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.473
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Product Market Competition and Economic Performance in France
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: La croissance économique française sur la dernière décade s'est avérée insuffisante pour résorber un taux de chômage élevé et persistant. Les études et comparaisons internationales disponibles suggèrent qu'un renforcement du degré de concurrence permettrait d'améliorer significativement la performance économique. La France n’est plus loin de la meilleure pratique pour ce qui est de la réforme de la politique de la concurrence. Pourtant, d’autres considérations de politique économique font souvent obstacle à l’émergence d’une véritable concurrence. Des pressions concurrentielles relativement faibles prévalent dans plusieurs secteurs, notamment les secteurs de services abrités. Les restrictions à la concurrence réduisent la croissance de la production et freinent la création d’emplois dans les secteurs réglementés. L’action des pouvoirs publics doit pondérer davantage le bien-être global des consommateurs face à l’opposition des groupes d’intérêt spéciaux de taille relativement restreinte mais très actifs. Le présent chapitre passe en revue les réformes qui renforceraient la concurrence en : i) consolidant les institutions et en clarifiant mieux les responsabilités de la mise en œuvre de la concurrence ; ii) donnant aux autorités sectorielles de réglementation une plus grande compétence pour l’amélioration de l’accès non discriminatoire des tiers et d’autres aspects de la concurrence dans les industries de réseau ; iii) abolissant les réglementations trop contraignantes dans le secteur de la distribution ; et iv) supprimant la protection inutile dans certains services professionnels. Ce Document de travail se rapporte à l'Étude économique de l'OCDE de la France 2005 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/france).
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9264013474
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Series Statement: The development dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. The development effectiveness of food aid
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. ;L' efficacité de l'aide alimentaire pour le développement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'efficacité de l'aide alimentaire pour le développement : Les effets de l'aide liée
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The development effectiveness of food aid
    RVK:
    Keywords: Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Entwicklungsländer ; Effizienz ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Nahrungsmittelhilfe
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  • 95
    ISBN: 9789264070066
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 208; Essai sur plante terrestre ; essai d'émergence de plantules et de croissance de plantules
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 208: Essai sur plante terrestre : essai d'émergence de plantules et de croissance de plantules
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed to assess effects on seedling emergence and early growth of higher plants following exposure to the test substance applied to the soil surface or into the soil. Seeds are placed in contact with soil treated with the test substance and evaluated for effects following usually 14 to 21 days after 50 % emergence of the seedlings in the control group. Endpoints measured are visual assessment of seedling emergence, biomass measurements, shoot height, and the visible detrimental effects on different parts of the plant. The test can be conducted in order to determine the dose-response curve, or at a single concentration/rate as a limit test, according to the aim of the study. An appropriate statistical analysis is used to obtain effective concentration ECx or effective application rate ERx for the most sensitive parameter(s) of interest. Also, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) can be calculated in this test.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2006/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: In a knowledge-based economy, business performance and overall levels of economic growth are increasingly dependent on the development and exploitation of intellectual assets. A number of OECD countries offer tax incentives to encourage and reward business expenditures on intellectual assets. This working paper examines the tax treatment of corporate expenditures on selected intellectual assets and develops an indicator of the relative generosity of tax systems in OECD countries to such investments. Five types of intellectual assets are considered: research and development (R&D), patents, workforce training, software and organisational change. The paper shows that although tax incentives have, to date, mainly favoured R&D expenditures, they are gradually embracing other types of intellectual assets, especially in those countries that provide more generous tax treatment of R&D. Nineteen OECD countries had specific R&D tax incentives in place in 2005, up from only 12 in 1996, and 6 offered tax incentives for corporate training.
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  • 97
    ISBN: 9789264030213
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Proposition de révision de l'introduction aux lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, section 3
    Keywords: Environment
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.110
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: RFID touches on several regulatory and/or policy issues with potentially wide-ranging social, economic, as well as national security implications, including international trade, intellectual property rights, standards, spectrum, security, and privacy.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264016309
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 221; Lemna sp. Growth Inhabition Test
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhabition Test
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette méthode d’essai est conçue pour évaluer la toxicité de substances sur des plantes dulcicoles du genre Lemna (lentille d’eau). Des monocultures du genre Lemna (Lemna gibba et Lemna minor habituellement), en phase de croissance exponentielle, sont exposées à au moins cinq concentrations de la substance d'essai sur une période de sept jours. L'objectif de l'essai est de quantifier les effets de la substance sur la multiplication végétative des lentilles d'eau durant cette période, à partir de l’évaluation de plusieurs paramètres. L'essai limite correspond à un niveau de dose de 100 mg/l. Cette étude inclut la mesure du pH, de l'intensité lumineuse, des concentrations de la substance d'essai, le comptage du nombre de thalles et la mesure d'un autre paramètre au moins (superficie totale des thalles, poids sec ou poids frais). La concentration entraînant un pourcentage donné d'inhibition du taux de croissance (ou du rendement) est déterminée en fonction des taux de croissance spécifiques moyens (ou du rendement) relevés dans une série de solutions expérimentales et exprimée sous la forme CxEt (ou CxEr). Un autre effet mesuré est le rendement. En outre, la concentration minimale avec effet observé (CMEO) et la concentration sans effet observé (CSEO) peuvent être déterminées par un calcul statistique.
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  • 100
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264064980
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principes de gouvernement d'entreprise de l'OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Arabic version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-Grundsätze der Corporate Governance 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Principios de Gobierno Corporativo de la OCDE 2004
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 Edition (Japanese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Slovenian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Serbian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Principles of Corporate Governance 2004 (Chinese version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
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