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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (1.758)
  • 2008  (908)
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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (1.758)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2005-2009  (1.758)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264048263
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (210 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Tornar a Vida Mais Fácil para Cidadãos e Empresas em Portugal; Administração electrónica e simplificação
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Tornar a Vida Mais Fácil para Cidadãos e Empresas em Portugal: Administração electrónica e simplificação
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Making life easy for citizens and businesses in Portugal
    DDC: 351.09469
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): E-Government ; Portugal ; Administrative procedure Portugal ; Public administration Information resources management ; Portugal ; Public administration Portugal ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Portugal ; Portugal ; E-Government
    Kurzfassung: Reducing the time for registering a company from weeks and months to under one hour is a concrete result of a unique and ambitious initiative in Portugal to make the public sector more efficient and effective. The Simplex initiative aims at making life easier for citizens and businesses. It focuses on how e-government can be used as a lever for broader administrative simplification, making service delivery more coherent and efficient. This is the first integrated study undertaken by the OECD to analyse administrative simplification and e-government in a national context. By bringing those two areas together in the context of public management reform, this review helps countries identify how these reform activities can best support overall government performance and economic growth.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264050259
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (222 p.)
    Paralleltitel: Druckausg.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La Medición del Aprendizaje de los Alumnos ; Mejores Prácticas para Evaluar el Valor Agregado de las Escuelas
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La Medición del Aprendizaje de los Alumnos : Mejores Prácticas para Evaluar el Valor Agregado de las Escuelas
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Measuring improvements in learning outcomes
    DDC: 379.158
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Education Evaluation ; Statistical methods ; Educational evaluation OECD countries ; Educational indicators OECD countries ; Schools Evaluation ; Statistical methods ; Education ; Schule ; Effizienz ; Leistungsmessung ; Modell
    Kurzfassung: Value-added estimates are a significant improvement upon measures of school performance currently used in most education systems across OECD countries. They provide a fundamentally more accurate and valuable quantitative basis for school improvement planning, policy development and for enacting effective school accountability arrangements. This groundbreaking report provides examples of best practices in value-added modeling for measuring school performance.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264048942
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (248 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Reviews of Regional Innovation
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als North of England, UK
    DDC: 338.0640942
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Schlagwort(e): Technologiepolitik ; Regionalpolitik ; England (Nord) ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; England Nord ; Innovationsförderung
    Kurzfassung: With 14.5 million inhabitants and an economy worth over EUR 290 billion, the North of England is larger than many European countries. At the heart of the industrial revolution, the region has been a historic centre for world-changing innovation in transport, computing and in vitro fertilisation. Yet, in the wake of massive losses in manufacturing employment over the past few decades, the region is having to adapt in order to catch up to more prosperous regions in the UK and remain competitive globally. Like many regions around the OECD, the North of England is seeking to support economic development through innovation, with strategies that build on the region's heritage while also looking to develop new strengths. This report reviews how both national policy and regional strategies support innovation in the North and how these efforts could be improved. It will be of interest to policy makers, firms and others active in promoting innovation and regional economic development.
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049529
    Sprache: Englisch
    Ausgabe: Edition 2008
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Schlagwort(e): Polen ; Wirtschaftsstruktur
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.39
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264043329
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (522 p.) , ill.
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Perspectives de l'environnement de l'OCDE à l'horizon 2030
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Der OECD-Umweltausblick bis 2030 liefert Analysen ökonomischer und ökologischer Trends bis 2030 sowie Simulationen politischer Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der wichtigsten Herausforderungen. Wenn keine neuen Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, laufen wir Gefahr, die Umwelt und die natürliche Ressourcenbasis, die zur Sicherung von Wirtschaftswachstum und Wohlstand notwendig ist, irreversibel zu schädigen. Bei politischer Untätigkeit drohen hohe Kosten. Der Ausblick zeigt allerdings, dass es sowohl möglich als auch finanzierbar ist, die größten ökologischen Probleme der heutigen Zeit – darunter Klimawandel, Verlust an biologischer Vielfalt, Wassermangel und Gesundheitsschädigungen durch Umweltverschmutzung – zu bewältigen. Er richtet das Augenmerk auf den Policy Mix, mit dem diesen Herausforderungen auf kosteneffiziente Weise begegnet werden kann. Im Vergleich zur Ausgabe 2001 wurde der Blickwinkel dieses Ausblicks erweitert, da nicht nur auf die Entwicklungen in den OECD-Ländern, sondern auch auf Brasilien, Russland, Indien, Indonesien, China sowie Südafrika (BRIICS) und insbesondere auf die Frage eingegangen wird, wie die Länder im Hinblick auf globale und lokale Lösungen für ökologische Probleme besser zusammenarbeiten können.
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264049161
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (240 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE ; Turquie 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews; Turkey 2008; (Turkish version)
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examens environnementaux de l'OCDE : Turquie 2008
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Turkey 2008: (Turkish version)
    Schlagwort(e): Environment ; Turkey
    Kurzfassung: This edition of OECD's periodic review of Turkey's environmental policy finds that Turkey has achieved consolidation of environmental progress and its environmental legislation is increasingly incorporating the EU environmental aquis. But pollution, energy, and resource intensities still need to be reduced and environmentally related health problems need to be addressed. This review systematically looks at air, water, nature and biodiversity, the environmental-economic interface, the environmental-social interface, and international co-operation, making 45 specific recommendations.
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  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264030725
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Schlagwort(e): Energy ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: This book takes an in-depth look at Finland’s energy policy today and, through comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, provides critiques and recommendations for improvements to guide the country towards a sustainable energy future. While the review provides comprehensive coverage of all topics, this thematic report highlights energy efficiency and energy R&D.
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789264067523
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 315; Bioaccumulation in Sediment-dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 315: Bioaccumulation in Sediment-dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode pour évaluer la bioaccumulation des substances chimiques associées à des sédiments dans les vers de terre oligochaetes endobenthiques. Elle s’applique à des substances organiques stables dont les valeurs de log Kow se situent entre 3.0 et 6.0, et aux substances superlipophiles dont le log Kow est supérieur à 6.0 ou à des substances connues pour leur potentiel de bioaccumulation dans les organismes vivants. Le test comprend deux phases. Pendant la phase d’absorption, les vers de terres sont exposés à des sédiments contenant la substance testée et recouverts avec de l’eau reconstituée et équilibrée selon les conditions appropriées. Des groupes de vers de terre sont maintenus dans des conditions identiques pour des contrôles. La durée par défaut de la phase d’absorption est de 28 jours, à moins qu’un état d’équilibre n’ait été atteint avant. Pour la phase d’élimination, les vers de terre sont transférés dans un système composé de sédiments et d’eau sans substance testée. Cette seconde phase est terminée soit lorsque 10% de la concentration à l’état d’équilibre (ou la concentration mesurée au 28e jour) est atteint, soit après un maximum de 10 jours. Les changements de concentration de la substance d’essai à la surface et dans les vers de terre sont contrôlés au cours des deux phases. La constante de taux d’absorption (ks), la constante de taux d’élimination (ke) et le facteur cinétique de bioaccumulation (BAFK = ks/ ke) en sont déduits. Les substances testées peuvent être marquées radioactivement afin de déterminer si l’identification et la quantification des métabolites sont nécessaires. Pour les mesures cinétiques, il faut au minimum trois réplicats traités par échantillonnage pendant les phases d’absorption et d’élimination. Afin d’assurer la validité du test (mortalité cumulée des vers de terre 〈 20% du nombre initial), des tests de toxicité doivent être conduits à intervalles réguliers. De plus, le taux lipidique des vers de terre, la teneur en carbone organique total des sédiments et le niveau résiduel de substance d’essai dans les vers de terre à la fin de la phase d’élimination sont utiles pour l’interprétation des résultats.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9789264071896
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Serie: Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies no.12
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE ; Slovénie
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : Slovénie
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Slovenia
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264072596
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.3
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Annex III; Export Credits and the Environment - Work Plan
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Annex III: Export Credits and the Environment Work Plan
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: En vertu de la Déclaration d’action adoptée par les Membres du Groupe de l’OCDE sur les crédits et garanties de crédit à l’exportation à leur 82ème réunion tenue en février 2000, les Membres du Groupe s’engagent à appliquer le plan de travail ci-après sur la question des crédits à l’exportation et de l’environnement, sans préjuger des résultats. Ce plan de travail comprend une liste (non exhaustive) de sujets qui devront être abordés par le Groupe dans ses discussions à venir conformément aux engagements pris dans la Déclaration d’action et afin de faciliter l’exécution du mandat ministériel de l’OCDE.
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  • 12
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 79 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.138
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): A Focus on Information Security and Privacy
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: Le présent rapport constitue la première étape d'une série de travaux de l'OCDE consacrés aux environnements à base de capteurs. Dans un second temps, ces travaux s'intéresseront également aux questions de sécurité et de vie privée soulevées par un certain nombre de tendances susceptibles d'apparaître à plus long terme, comme par exemple la généralisation du marquage des objets (RFID ubiquitaire), les applications de RFID en boucle ouverte, ainsi que la mise en œuvre d'autres capteurs et réseaux de capteurs permettant d'exercer un contrôle sur l'environnement.
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  • 13
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 119 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.150
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This report contains policy and practical guidance principles to enhance business and consumer benefits from the use of RFID while proactively taking into account information security and privacy issues.
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  • 14
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264067653
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Serie: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 5
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Test No. 508; Magnitude of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg.: Test No. 508: Magnitude of the Pesticide Residues in Processed Commodities
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Cette Ligne directrice décrit comment planifier et effectuer des études de transformation. Elle permet de déterminer le niveau résiduel dans des produits transformés suite à l’application de pesticides sur des matières premières agricoles brutes dans des conditions maximisant la quantité de résidus. Elle permet d’obtenir la distribution des résidus (ingrédients actifs et/ou métabolites ou produits de dégradation) et le mode d’accumulation préférentiel dans divers produits transformés dérivant de matières premières. Les matières premières agricoles brutes utilisées (d’origine végétale ou animale) devraient contenir des résidus provenant de champs traités, en quantité suffisante pour que les facteurs de concentration/dilution des produits consommés et des intermédiaires non consommés puissent être déterminés. La définition des résidus de pesticides à mesurer est déterminée dans des études sur la nature du résidu dans les produits traités et/ou dans les plantes et le bétail. Pour chaque site testé (au moins deux indépendants) le facteur de transformation (Pf) est calculé comme le rapport entre le niveau résiduel dans les produits transformés et celui dans les matières premières agricoles (ou autres) brutes. Si un produit a plusieurs modes de commercialisation sensiblement différents, deux essais par mode sont nécessaires. Pour garantir la validité du test, des échantillons témoins doivent être analysés simultanément.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264069411
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (11 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.29
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Greece
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Greece
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Greece
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  • 16
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.71
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Pour une conception élargie de l'appropriation
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: “Ownership” makes aid work better when recipients can choose between policy options. Governments need to encourage home-grown development strategies and free local policy debates. Policy conditions on aid don’t work.
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  • 17
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.628
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; European Union ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This paper examines shifts in labour productivity growth in the United States and in Europe between 1970 and 2007 based on econometric tests of structural breaks. Additionally, it makes use of time-series-based projected labour productivity growth up to 2009 in order to detect any recent break according to a central scenario as well as high and low scenarios, both derived from a 95% confidence interval. The identification of structural breaks in US labour productivity growth is far from obvious. A statistically significant break date is found in the late 1990s only if the upper scenario materialises in the future, which means that despite a clear pick-up in productivity growth in the second half of the 1990s, the size of the hump is not still large enough compared with past variation to make this change a statistically significant break. However, a significant breakpoint is detected in the mid-1990s for the difference in labour productivity growth between the United States and the EU15 based on observed data, which seems to be due to both the initial catch-up of Europe and the halt of the convergence process in the mid-1990s. Finally, European ICT-intensive countries are shown to have structurally performed better in terms of productivity growth than non-ICT-intensive countries.
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  • 18
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 141-166
    ISSN: 1684-3525
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 27 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Public Sector Modernisation: Modernising Accountability and Control
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur la gestion budgétaire
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 4, no. 2, p. 141-166
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: Au cours des 15 dernières années, la manière dont l’administration a gardé la maîtrise de nombreuses opérations complexes et son obligation de rendre compte ont évoluées du fait des innovations technologiques, des modifications de la taille et de l’organisation de l’administration ainsi que de l’introduction de la gestion et de la budgétisation axées sur les performances. Le présent document, qui constitue un rapport provisoire, examine les défis et les changements en cours concernant les systèmes de contrôle dans les pays membres de l’OCDE. Des informations plus détaillées sur le sujet seront recueillies au à l’occasion de l’enquête qui sera menée en 2005.
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9789264071964
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (16 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.9
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Switzerland
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Switzerland
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Switzerland
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  • 20
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264045262
    Sprache: Mehrsprachig
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (82 p.)
    Serie: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food
    Kurzfassung: This set of standards is published within the framework of the activities of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables set up by OECD in 1962. It comprises comments and illustrations to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force and is therefore a valuable tool for both the Inspection Authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards or interested in the international trade in these products.
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  • 21
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 163-196
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 163-196
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides a description of the risk sharing features of pension plan design in selected OECD and non-OECD countries and how they correspond with the funding rules applied to pension funds. In addition to leading to a better understanding of differences in funding rules across countries with developed pension fund systems, the study considers the trend towards risk-based regulation. While the document does not enter the debate over the application of riskbased quantitative funding requirements to pension funds (as under Basel II or Solvency II), it identifies the risk factors that should be evaluated and considered in a comprehensive risk-based regulatory approach, whether prescriptive or principles-based. The three main risk factors identified are the nature of risks and the guarantees offered under different plans designs, the extent to which benefits are conditional and can be adjusted, and the extent to which contributions may be raised to cover any funding gap. In addition, the strength of the guarantee or covenant from the sponsoring employer(s) and of insolvency guarantee arrangements should be carefully assessed when designing funding requirements.
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  • 22
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264043831
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276 p.) , ill.
    Serie: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Istanbul, Turkey
    Schlagwort(e): Wirtschaftsförderung ; Megastadt ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Istanbul ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Turkey ; Istanbul
    Kurzfassung: Istanbul has established itself as the industrial, financial and logistics centre of the country, producing almost one-third of the national output and absorbing the bulk of foreign direct investment. And, on the international scale, Istanbul ranks among the fastest growing OECD metro-regions. This review finds, however, that Istanbul faces challenges that could hamper its ambition to become a Eurasian hub for finance, logistics, culture and tourism, as well as its development in general. Its economy is changing from one driven by labour-intensive activities to one based on knowledge industries, while traditional and labour-intensive sectors (e.g. textiles and its supply chain) are shifting only gradually and slowly to other complementary industry segments. Constraints on human capital development and the informal sector have hindered productivity levels and increased income disparities. Over-migration is putting a burden on Istanbul’s transport, public infrastructure and housing, and earthquake risk management. The scale and variety of these challenges necessitates improving local public management and implementing a national strategy to reduce regional disparities and to limit migration flows towards the megalopolis.
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789264024809
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (372 p.) , ill.
    Serie: Lignes directrices et ouvrages de référence du CAD
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Promoting Pro-Poor Growth; Policy Guidance for Donors
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Policy Guidance for Donors
    Schlagwort(e): Agriculture and Food ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development
    Kurzfassung: Pour les donneurs de l'aide au développement, l’objectif de croissance favorable aux pauvres appelle à un changement de comportement, et une action, même renforcée, s’inscrivant dans la continuité du passé n’y suffira pas. L'étude Vers une croissance pro-pauvres, centrée sur la croissance favorable aux pauvres, recense les principaux obstacles à l’instauration d’une telle croissance et propose des politiques et des stratégies pour les surmonter. Les recommandations qui y sont formulées visent à induire un changement de comportement chez les donneurs et à rehausser ainsi l’efficacité de la coopération pour le développement. Dans cet ouvrage, une attention particulière est prêtée au rôle du développement du secteur privé, de l’agriculture et des infrastructures vers une croissance favorable aux pauvres. Ces divers domaines, que de nombreux donneurs ont négligés dans les années 90, suscitent aujourd’hui un regain d’intérêt dans le cadre du programme d’action international pour le développement. Il expose aussi une méthodologie pour la conduite d’appréciations préalables de l’impact sur la pauvreté, outil qui se révélera précieux pour tous ceux qui souhaitent optimiser l’effet des actions de développement en matière de réduction de la pauvreté.
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  • 24
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/01
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: In developed countries, transport generates approximately 25 to 30 per cent of emissions of CO2, the main greenhouse gas (GHG) and these emissions are increasing sharply. There are two explanations for the increase in emissions from transport: the first is dependency on the internal combustion engine for transport with no wide-scale economically viable alternative available in the medium term; the second is the sharp increase in vehicle-kilometres travelled, which seems to be an inherent feature of economic development. One might well ask, given announcements that oil reserves will run out rapidly, whether we should not simply wait until reserves dry up to obtain a reduction in transport-related emissions. This said, rising oil prices are gradually making it more viable to exploit unconventional reserves, leaving aside innovations in technology which are reportedly opening up prospects for new fossil fuels (including fuels derived from coal, which is in plentiful supply world-wide). Hence, there is every reason to believe that the use of fossil fuels could continue on a large scale in the future. Foresight studies show that if our aim is to achieve ambitious GHG emission control targets for transport within the next few decades, the policies we implement will have to be more determined: among other things, they should aim at reducing total consumption that is to say vehicle kilometres travelled, not just unitary vehicle consumption (cf. ENERDATA and LEPII, 2005 for France, for instance). Among the measures identified, carbon taxes and vehicle taxes are the most cost-effective (OECD, 2007; Parry et al., 2007). However, the “fuel tax protests” of September 2000 in several European countries show that public opinion is very resistant to fuel tax increases (Lyons and Chatterjee, 2002). This resistance can also be explained by concerns about fairness, since many households depend on the car for day-to-day living and for getting to work. As well as this, fuel tax increases would require the international harmonization of fuel taxation in different countries, which seeing what has happened in the European Union appears to be extremely difficult.
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  • 25
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/20
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  • 26
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 201-257
    ISSN: 1996-5753
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 58 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Whole-of-Government Approaches to Fragile States
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le développement
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 201-257
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Comme il ressort des Principes du CAD pour l’engagement international dans les États fragiles et les situations précaires, les questions interdépendantes en rapport avec la gouvernance, la performance économique, l’insécurité et la pauvreté posent des problèmes aigus dans les États fragiles, d’où la nécessité d’une collaboration étroite entre les sphères de la défense, de la diplomatie, du développement, et au-delà. L’engagement international dans les États fragiles exige l’adoption d’approches et d’instruments complexes s’inscrivant dans un cadre cohérent si l’on veut parvenir à une paix durable.
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  • 27
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 31 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.612
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Germany
    Kurzfassung: The aim of the recent healthcare reform was to increase the sustainability of healthcare finances, by reducing its negative impact on employment and increasing cost-effectiveness via enhanced competition. Higher budget contributions will help decouple healthcare finances from labour income a bit, if and once they materialise. An improved risk adjustment between insurers could reduce incentives for risk selection, raising chances for competition to lead to more cost-effectiveness instead. However, the segmentation of the healthcare system in a private and a social insurance market will continue to pose equity and efficiency problems. Owing to its design, the price signal in the new financing system for social health insurance will be both weak and distorted and this will need to be corrected for competition to produce desired results. More freedom for contractual relations between insurers, healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies could help to better reap the benefits of competition, but the government will need to watch the results closely and adjust framework conditions if needed.
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  • 28
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.35
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Building Public Awareness of Development: Communicators, Educators and Evaluation
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD), la nécessaire efficacité des programmes d’aide et l’interdépendance mondiale ont contribué à développer la demande et le sentiment de l’urgence d’une meilleure sensibilisation et formation du public à ces promesses et à leurs enjeux, dans les pays de l’OCDE. Les donneurs et les acteurs de terrain peuvent tirer un meilleur parti des évaluations et de leurs enseignements, pour améliorer l’efficacité et les résultats de la communication, de la sensibilisation et de la formation du public aux questions du développement global. Il leur faut en premier lieu comprendre la procédure d’une évaluation et la respecter scrupuleusement. Ensuite appréhender le caractère politique d’une évaluation et apprendre à le traiter. Et enfin à comprendre les limites de l’évaluation. Les membres du CAD, en accord avec leurs partenaires, doivent travailler ensemble à renforcer l’évaluation des campagnes de conscientisation et de formation du public en concevant un espace (un site internet par exemple) pour partager les résultats, leur expérience et les perspectives de l’évaluation ; pour mettre en commun les ressources affectées à la recherche scientifique sur les effets à long terme des initiatives qui se multiplient pour conscientiser l’opinion ; pour construire une solide base de connaissances sur ce qui marche et qui ne marche pas en la matière ; et, finalement, pour travailler en commun à l’adoption d’un minimum de normes communes pour les évaluations de la communication et de la sensibilisation et la formation du public aux questions du développement global.
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  • 29
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-20
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Netherlands
    Kurzfassung: This article discusses the reforms introduced in the Netherlands since the 1980s to improve the transparency and efficiency of government programmes: programme budgeting, policy orientation, and interdepartmental policy reviews. The impact on the budget structure and process is described. An annex explains some typical characteristics of the Dutch budgetary process.
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  • 30
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.70
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les deux visages de l'emploi informel en Roumanie
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Romania
    Kurzfassung: Informal employment is a widespread phenomenon in Romania and a key challenge for the country’s development. Policies should target two distinct groups: those who voluntarily opt out of the formal system and those with no alternative. Transforming people’s attitudes towards the state and strengthening their trust in public institutions is key.
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  • 31
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 81-113
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 33 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 81-113
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: Traditionally, bond insurers have provided guarantees of payments on municipal bonds, where defaults have been very limited. But since the late 1990s they have become increasingly involved as guarantors of elements of various structured financial products: in particular, the credit enhancements provided by these entities have played an important role in making securities based on sub-prime loans attractive to a wide range of investors. It is this trend change in their activity that has become the focal point in concerns about the health of these entities that have grown during the financial turbulence. The note identifies three policy issues that arise in the context of the current challenges facing these entities and it draws some preliminary findings. First, while concerns regarding the potential financial stability implications of further downgrades and/or failures of some of these companies have ebbed somewhat from their peaks in early 2008, the situation still bears monitoring. Second, current developments raise questions regarding the role of financial guarantors in specific financial market segments. In this context, there appears to be a public interest in the continued availability of guarantees on payments on municipal bonds. Private solutions seem to be forthcoming. Third, transparency of the financial guarantee insurance sector is limited. In this context, the performance of credit rating agencies in providing guidance for investors regarding the quality of the guarantees provided by financial guarantors appears to have been uneven.
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  • 32
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-17
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. (Re)conceptualiser l'université : le développement institutionnel dans le cadre et au-delà de la 〈〈 Troisième mission 〉〉
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-17
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Framed in terms of the Third Mission, the “enterprise” or “entrepreneurial” university has increasingly become normalised in public policy; however there remains much contention about the implication of third stream activities. There is little rigorous evidence as to whether the Third Mission adversely affects teaching and/or (basic) research. Martin and Etzkowitz (2000) note there is some anecdotal evidence that the Third Mission has had a positive impact. Indeed, it is to this debate that this paper seeks to contribute. It considers how the Third Mission can positively reinforce teaching and research activities and how this is arguably more significant than the Third Mission itself. Indeed, it proposes that triangulating teaching, research and third stream activities should reinforce the respective dynamics of each through their recursive and reciprocal development. Conceptualising institutional engagement with the third stream holistically in terms of entrepreneurial architectures may enable universities to stimulate institutional development beyond the Third Mission. The paper concludes by reflecting upon and looking towards the future of higher education policy and the management of higher education institutions.
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  • 33
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Facilitating Trade and Structural Adjustment Chile: Experiences in Non-Member Economies
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: Ce document est la première de quatre études de cas faisant partie d’un programme de recherche plus vaste sur le commerce et l’ajustement structurel dans les économies non membres, programme réalisé dans le prolongement de la publication Les échanges et l’ajustement structurel : les enjeux de la mondialisation (OCDE, 2005), qui répertoriait les politiques à suivre pour réussir un ajustement structurel lié au commerce. Ce document présente l’expérience qu’a connue le Chili depuis 1973 en matière de libéralisation du commerce. Ce rapport se compose de cinq parties principales. La première partie consiste en une introduction. La deuxième traite de la libéralisation du commerce au Chili, processus mené en trois phases : 1) première réforme du commerce (1973-84), 2) réforme du commerce postérieure à un changement de politique temporaire (1985-89), et 3) réforme postérieure à 1990. La troisième partie porte sur l’évolution et la structure des exportations et des importations, et la quatrième sur les transformations survenues dans les secteurs suivants : cuivre, agroalimentaire, bois et produits du bois, textiles et vêtements. La cinquième partie conclut le rapport par un exposé des enseignements tirés de cette expérience. Celle-ci montre qu’une réforme du commerce a été essentielle à l’adaptation des structures incitatives au Chili. Le succès de la libéralisation du commerce engagée au Chili s’explique par plusieurs facteurs importants : un environnement macroéconomique stable, une réforme du commerce qui a commencé par l’élimination des restrictions quantitatives, l’application de taux de droits uniformes, une politique de change cohérente, un cadre institutionnel solide, la primauté du droit, une promotion modérée des exportations, le recours à des capitaux étrangers, et une politique du marché du travail relativement souple.
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  • 34
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-20
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 20 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. (Re)conceptualising the academy: Institutional development of and beyond the third mission
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-20
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: Envisagée en termes de Troisième mission, l’université « entreprise », également appelée université « entrepreneuriale », s’est peu à peu inscrite dans le panorama conceptuel ordinaire des politiques publiques. Les analystes ne sont toutefois pas parvenus à s’entendre sur ce qu’implique réellement cette Troisième mission pour les deux autres volets de l’activité universitaire. Ainsi, il existe peu de données probantes fiables permettant d’affirmer que la Troisième mission a un impact négatif sur l’enseignement et/ou la recherche (fondamentale). Selon Martin et Etzkowitz (2000), certaines preuves anecdotiques indiquent que la Troisième mission contribuerait, au contraire, à dynamiser les deux missions traditionnelles. C’est précisément sur ce débat que les auteurs de cet article souhaitent apporter leurs lumières. Ils s’intéressent, à cet effet, à la façon dont la Troisième mission peut réellement promouvoir les activités d’enseignement et de recherche, soulignant à quel point cet effet de levier présente, en lui-même, une importance bien supérieure à la Troisième mission. Les auteurs sont ainsi persuadés qu’une imbrication de l’enseignement, de la recherche et des activités relevant de la Troisième mission peut, grâce au développement progressif et mutuel de ces volets, avoir pour effet de renforcer leurs dynamiques respectives. Conceptualiser globalement l’engagement des établissements en faveur de la Troisième mission en termes « d’architecture entrepreneuriale » peut permettre aux universités de stimuler leur développement institutionnel au-delà de la Troisième mission. Les auteurs concluent en envisageant l’avenir du point de vue des politiques d’enseignement supérieur et de la gestion des établissements d’enseignement supérieur.
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  • 35
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Education Working Papers no.19
    Schlagwort(e): Education
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews the literature on job-related training and the effects of these investments for different groups of individuals. The paper also elaborates on the theories, empirical explanations, and policy implications that can be drawn from these findings. Employer-provided training is by far the most important source of further education and training after an individual enters the labour market. A substantial portion of these human capital investments are financed by firms and it appears that the contribution by individuals are in most circumstances relatively modest. At the same time, substantial gains for individuals participating in training are documented in a large number of studies. The benefits are not only confined to wage returns as research has also shown that training leads to increased internal employability and job-security; and external labour market effects such as higher labour participation rates, lower unemployment, and shorter unemployment periods. Training is not equally distributed among employees. Older, low skilled workers, and to some extent female workers typically receive less training than other groups of employees. However, we do not find any clear-cut evidence that returns to training varies with gender, educational or skills levels, which suggests that inequalities do not arise because of differences in returns to training, but are more a consequence of inequalities of the distribution of training investments. The findings of this review further suggest that the returns to training are higher in the case that it is financed by the employer and that the returns to training are substantially higher for those leaving for a new employer. Employer-financed training appears, however, to lower the probability of an individual leaving for a new job elsewhere. The analysis of the distribution of returns to training reveals that although individuals benefit from these investments, the employer reaps most of the returns to training which suggests that the productivity effects are substantially larger than wage effects.
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  • 36
    ISBN: 9789264069367
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (17 p)
    Serie: Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies no.31
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE ; France
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : France
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; France
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  • 37
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.83
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (1): Emerging Markets under Stress
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: La crise mondiale du crédit qui a frappé les pays industrialisés n’a contaminé les marchés émergents que tardivement. Cependant, en octobre 2008, elle s’est rapidement étendue à tous ces pays, sans distinction ni considération pour ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler leurs « fondamentaux ». Les investisseurs adeptes du « découplage » ont d’abord été rassurés par les taux de croissance élevés, les réserves colossales de devises étrangères, l’équilibre des budgets et le consumérisme naissant. Mais il est désormais clair que l’évaluation de la performance des politiques publiques de ces États a péché par optimisme. En définitive, toutes les classes d’actifs ont été touchées : actions, obligations et monnaies.
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  • 38
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.149
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: The policy guidance lays out the policy responses that need to be in place to ensure that consumers engaging in mobile commerce transactions are adequately informed, and are protected against security or privacy risks.
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  • 39
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 9-28
    Schlagwort(e): Finance and Investment
    Kurzfassung: This article examines the recent financial market turmoil, contagion risks and policy responses. It begins by looking at the origins of the crisis, then considers the impact of the crisis on markets and the financial sector, and concludes by offering some policy lessons from the downturn.
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  • 40
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-33
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Améliorer l'efficacité des dépenses de santé : enseignements tirés d'analyses partielles et sélectives de la performance des hôpitaux
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-33
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: There are no ready-made data on hospital outputs and inputs which would allow comprehensive international comparisons of hospital efficiency to be carried out. This paper, therefore, relies on selected evidence to compare hospital efficiency in a sub-set of OECD countries, based on three different approaches relying on, respectively: i) unit costs for standard hospital treatments; ii) overall efficiency levels in a set of paired countries; iii) within-country dispersion in individual hospital efficiency. The analysis suggests substantial cross-country differences in hospital performance. Although country coverage varies between the different approaches, making it difficult to assess the extent to which comparisons provide a consistent picture of national efficiency levels, cross-checks between the different indicator sets tend to support the robustness of the country rankings.
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  • 41
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.626
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper presents a new set of institutional indicators that assess how sub-central governments harness market mechanisms such as tendering, outsourcing, user choice and competition, user fees and output-related funding when providing public services. Services put under scrutiny comprise primary, secondary and tertiary education, hospital care, childcare and elderly care, public transport, and waste collection. Results indicate that governments are often reluctant to apply market mechanisms when providing public services. “Technical” services such as transport or waste collection are more open to market mechanisms than “social” services like education or health care. Regulatory innovations such as tendering, competition or user choice are more advanced than financial innovations like user fees or output-related funding for service providers.
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  • 42
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.80
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.80
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
    Kurzfassung: Foreign direct investment (FDI) represents an increasingly important dimension of international economic integration with global FDI flows growing faster than output over the past two decades. FDI is a particular form of investment, as it transfers knowledge as well as finance that may otherwise be unavailable in the domestic economy. This paper uses firm-level data to identify FDI spillovers across countries, sectors and time. The analysis suggests that knowledge-related spillovers from FDI vary considerably across sectors. Services industries enjoy the strongest productivity-enhancing effects of FDI, particularly through backward linkages. There is no strong evidence of horizontal productivity spillovers at the aggregate level. The results also indicate a significant and positive correlation between the degree of trade openness and output when measuring the impact of foreign presence in the domestic economy. A positive interaction is found between trade liberalisation and productivity spillovers. Thus, trade liberalisation can be seen as an important component of any reform package designed to help countries maximise the benefits of FDI.
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  • 43
    Online-Ressource
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 95-200
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 125 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : États-Unis
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 95-200
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; United States
    Kurzfassung: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from the United Kingdom and Canada for the Peer Review meeting held on 07 December May 2006. The review applauded the major increase in American official development assistance, which reached a record high of USD 27.6 billion in 2005. The Committee commended the United States for raising development to the status of one of three pillars of national foreign policy. Key recommendations included the need to explicitly recognise the key importance of poverty reduction, encouragement for a more explicit approach to the role of policy coherence for development, the need to persist in clarifying the lines of operational responsibility between military and development institutions, support for greater US attention to the Paris Declaration aid effectiveness agenda and encouragement for the joint Department of State and USAID development of an overarching strategic plan to guide humanitarian work.
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  • 44
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-50
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-50
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Greece
    Kurzfassung: Greece is undertaking important reforms with the aim of making the budget a more modern strategic policy document. This article examines Greece’s recent economic and fiscal performance and the developments that led to the launch of the programme budgeting pilot in 2008. The article discusses the budget formulation process, the role of Parliament, and various aspects of budget implementation and management. The report concludes with a discussion of accounting, audit and accountability.
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  • 45
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 179-232
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 55 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les approches à l'échelle de l'ensemble de l'administration pour les États fragiles
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 179-232
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: As recognised in the DAC Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations, interconnected challenges of governance, economic performance, insecurity and poverty are acute in fragile states, requiring close collaboration among defense, diplomacy, development and beyond. Good international engagement in fragile states requires a complex and coherent range of approaches and instruments if lasting peace is to be secured. The study provides a synthesis of current whole-of-government approaches in seven donors’ administrations, identifying several challenges to a whole-of-government approach, including differences in mandates, approaches, resources and considerable transaction costs. Recommendations include the need for political commitment, the need to engage a wide range of actors, joint analysis, country-specific joint planning, and creating the right incentives structure and knowledge management systems for actors involved to adopt a comprehensive approach.
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  • 46
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 54 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.140
    Schlagwort(e): Science and Technology
    Kurzfassung: This paper reviews available official statistics on trust and security in the online environment. It discusses whether security concerns are an obstacle to Internet use and examines how people and companies protect their equipment and networks.
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  • 47
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2008/15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'école primaire de Dalry, un exemple d'environnement innovant en Écosse
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: In presenting this case study of an innovative school building in Scotland, the author describes its unique design features, conveys the viewpoints of the users, client and design team, and reveals the lessons learned. Dalry Primary, North Ayrshire Introduction Dalry Primary School in North Ayshire is the latest case study featured on the Scottish Government’s website. By April 2009, the website will provide 32 case studies of recently completed nursery, primary and secondary school buildings in Scotland. The purpose is to highlight good practice and demonstrate different approaches to school design issues to help inform local authorities and others involved in the planning, briefing and design of school estate projects. Dalry Primary is a unique project involving the close collaboration of artists, architects and the county’s council in designing and realising a new concept in primary school building. The whole school is designed as a learning prototype, offering multiple opportunities to engage with different organisational and teaching methods, utilising or modifying the facilities and spaces. It does not impose directions or solutions, but offers them as options.
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  • 48
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 1, p. 1-16
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 1, p. 1-16
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This article discusses the United Kingdom framework for performance budgeting and management and its evolution from 1998 onwards, primarily focused on the period 1998-2007. Public service agreements (PSAs) have moved away from inputs and processes to a focus on the outcomes that matter to public service users.
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  • 49
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 9 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/04
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: Oil is the main component of transport fuel. As for now, however, crude oil price (FOB-Free on board) accounts for less than a fifth of transport costs. Operating costs, wages and taxes cause the remaining four fifths. Nevertheless, oil scarcity may raise fuel costs to such a level that transport companies and citizen may suffer significant adverse impacts. A multiplication by 8 of the price of oil (compared to 2007) would double road transport cost. Yet, the rise would be global, which would enable operators to shift the cost to their clients without suffering changes in competition. Still, small operators that would not be in a position to optimize truck loads and routes would be threatened. Major oil price rise would mainly affect two aspects of mobility: aviation and private motoring. Air companies have added a special oil charge to ticket cost while changes in private motoring, which uses approximately as much fuel as air per passenger – kilometre, may lead to a situation where only the wealthiest citizens may keep driving.
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  • 50
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Cahiers de politique économique du Centre de Développement de l'OCDE no.37
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. To Benefit from Plenty: Lessons from Chile and Norway
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; Chile ; Norway
    Kurzfassung: Il paraît évident de prime abord que la découverte d’un gisement de pétrole ou de cuivre est une très bonne nouvelle. Mais il arrive souvent que cette promesse tourne mal. La manne des ressources naturelles peut générer de la pauvreté, de la discorde, de la corruption, des inégalités, une croissance en berne et des pratiques antidémocratiques. Ce phénomène est connu comme la « malédiction des matières premières ». Cette étude du paradoxe de l’abondance passe en revue les initiatives à adopter pour que les ressources du sous-sol bénéficient aux pays qui en détiennent. Deux pays richement dotés en ressources ont su conjurer la malédiction et ont prospéré. Leur parcours est analysé en détail. La Norvège a découvert du pétrole et s’est enrichie grâce à ses choix de politiques et des institutions qui lui ont permis de gérer judicieusement sa trouvaille. Le Chili détient de vastes gisements de cuivre. Son histoire est totalement différente, mais lui aussi a su agir de sorte à ne pas tomber dans le piège d’une dépendance excessive.
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  • 51
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 27 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.641
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses a stratified sample of firms across OECD economies over the period 1996-2004 to analyse the effects of corporate taxes on productivity and investment. Applying a differences-in-differences estimation strategy which exploits differential effects of corporate taxes on firms with different profitability, it is found that corporate taxes have a negative effect on productivity at the firm level. The effect is negative across firms of different size and age classes except for the small and young, which may be attributable to the relatively low profitability of small and young firms. The negative effect of corporate taxes is particularly pronounced for firms that are catching up with the technological frontier. In the investment analysis, the results suggest that corporate taxes reduce investment through an increase in the user cost of capital. This may partly explain the negative productivity effects of corporate taxes if new capital goods embody technological change.
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  • 52
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 49 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Environment Working Papers no.4
    Schlagwort(e): Environment
    Kurzfassung: Climate change has become a priority issue in global environmental governance and cities are important players. For over three decades, the OECD has been actively supporting member and non-member countries to design environmental policies that are both economically efficient and effective at achieving their environmental objectives.1 Through peer reviews of policy implementation, the OECD helps governments to improve their collective and individual environmental performance, through sound economic and policy analysis and dialogue on how to establish and to achieve climate change goals. Climate change has been on the agenda since the late 1980s at the OECD, where we provide a forum for countries to, discuss and develop a shared understanding of the key policy challenges as well as to assess performance and identify good practice in the design and implementation of climate policies. Today the OECD is actively working with governments to highlight the role of cities to deliver cost-effective policy responses to climate change. A number of projects at the OECD are advancing the understanding of the roles that cities can play to respond to efficiently and effectively to climate change. This report is one in a series under the OECD Environment Directorate’s project on Cities and Climate Change. The project aims to explore the city-scale risks of climate change and the local benefits of both adaptation policies and (global) mitigation strategies.
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  • 53
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 47 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.650
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Japan
    Kurzfassung: Tax reform is an urgent priority, as Japan needs as much as 5% to 6% of GDP of additional government revenue just to stabilise public debt, which has risen to 180% of GDP. In addition to raising revenue, tax reform should promote economic growth, address the deterioration in income distribution and improve the local tax system. Additional revenue should be obtained primarily by increasing the consumption tax rate, currently the lowest in the OECD area, while broadening the personal and corporate income tax bases. The corporate tax rate, now the highest in the OECD area, should be cut to promote growth, while eliminating aspects of the tax system which discourage labour supply and distort the allocation of capital. Japan should also consider introducing an Earned Income Tax Credit to promote equity. The local tax system should be simplified, increasing reliance on existing taxes on property, income and consumption.
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  • 54
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 58 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1-58
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Russian Federation
    Kurzfassung: Russia’s budgeting procedures have been in transition since the adoption of the Budget Code in 1998. Major revisions of the Code were undertaken in 2003, 2004 and 2007. This article explores the many facets of budgeting in the Russian Federation, including budget formulation, parliamentary approval, budget execution, accounting and auditing, and financial relations between levels of government.
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  • 55
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.81
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Impact de la libéralisation des échanges de services sur les échanges de produits non agricoles
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264069336
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.33
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Denmark
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Denmark
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Denmark
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  • 57
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 85-109
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Perspective on the Pros and Cons of a Pooling-type Approach to Nuclear Third Party Liability
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 85-109
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: Le système de responsabilité civile pour les dommages nucléaires qui a été instauré dans les années 1960 sert de modèle au régime juridique adopté par de nombreux pays dotés d’un programme électronucléaire. Cette approche a toutefois été critiquée. Certains font valoir que, l’indemnisation étant limitée à certains types de dommages et plafonnée à des niveaux très inférieurs au coût d’un éventuel accident, il se peut que tous les dommages en résultant ne soient pas indemnisés. De plus, la responsabilité relativement faible de l’exploitant fait que les risques liés à l’énergie nucléaire sont supportés par l’ensemble de la population et que, en pratique, la production d’électricité nucléaire est subventionnée. Le débat sur la responsabilité des dommages nucléaires et les dispositifs d’indemnisation est devenu nettement plus animé depuis la catastrophe de Tchernobyl qui, en 1986, a mis en évidence de nombreuses lacunes des régimes existants. La révision des conventions internationales sur la responsabilité civile pour les dommages nucléaire et l’indemnisation qui s’est ensuivie avait pour but de répondre à ces critiques en relevant les plafonds d’indemnisation et en élargissant le champ des dommages ouvrant droit à réparation tout en laissant en grande partie inchangé le cadre qui avait été défini dans les années 1960 pour la responsabilité civile et l’indemnisation.
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  • 58
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Nuclear law bulletin Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 193-196
    ISSN: 1609-7378
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 4 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Travaux règlementaires internationaux
    Titel der Quelle: Nuclear law bulletin
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 1968
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 2, p. 193-196
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Energy
    Kurzfassung: International Atomic Energy Agency Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources supplementary to the Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources (2008) 52nd IAEA General Conference (2008)
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  • 59
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The negotiation process toward the new salary system in the finnish university sector
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Finland
    Kurzfassung: En 2001, le gouvernement finlandais a décidé de mettre en place un nouveau système des salaires au sein du secteur public, afin de mieux prendre en compte les contraintes propres à chaque poste ainsi que les performances des employés. Ainsi, en juin 2006, à l’issue de longues négociations, employeurs et syndicats sont parvenus à un accord sur le nouveau système de rémunération à mettre en place au sein du secteur universitaire finlandais. Ce nouveau système des salaires évalue à la fois 1) les contraintes générales inhérentes à chaque poste et 2) les performances individuelles de chaque employé. Jusqu’en 2007, l’auteur de cet article a été l’un des principaux représentants des employeurs dans le cadre des négociations menées par le ministère de l’Éducation. Ce rapport présente cette réforme de grande ampleur, ainsi que le cycle de négociations qui l’a précédée. Il met en lumière le rôle central de la négociation collective, souvent mal comprise par les professeurs et les chercheurs du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur au sens large.
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  • 60
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Technical Papers no.20
    Schlagwort(e): Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Kurzfassung: This paper provides an overview of the present mental health care information systems in 18 OECD countries with the aim to explore the possibilities for measuring the quality of mental health care and identify potential indicators to be included in OECD’s HCQI set. A survey was conducted to support this analysis. The questionnaire sought to gather information on three areas of interest for the description of national information systems linked to mental health services: Types of mental health data available at system level; data sources available at national level; and institutional arrangements framing ownership and use of the information system. An additional section was included to assess potential improvements in availability of the indicators recommended in OECD Health Technical Paper 17, updating the availability survey conducted in 2005.
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  • 61
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.75
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Curse of Raw Materials?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: La malédiction des matières premières est loin d’être une fatalité, comme le démontrent la Norvège et le Chili. Leurs deux exemples offrent de précieuses leçons aux pays en développement en matière de gestion vertueuse des richesses minières et pétrolières. À l’instar de la Norvège, le Chili pourrait construire sur son expérience pour devenir un acteur incontournable d’assistance technologique, via notamment la création d’un Institut mondial du cuivre.
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  • 62
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.603
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The strong and sustained rise in oil prices observed in recent years poses a challenge to monetary policy and its ability to simultaneously achieve low inflation and stable output. Against this background, the paper studies monetary policy in a small open economy New Keynesian DSGE model including oil as a production input and a component of final demand. It investigates the performance of alternative price level definitions, notably headline and core CPI, in standard interest rate rules with respect to output and inflation stabilisation. The analysis puts special emphasis on the impact of price and real wage rigidity and their interaction on the policy trade-off induced by the oil price shock. While the degree of price rigidity alone is found to have little impact on the shock transmission and generates only small differences between alternative monetary strategies, the simulations suggest a more important role for real wage stickiness. Real wage stickiness triggers second round effects and complicates stabilisation whatever the policy rule. A focus on core inflation tends to limit the contraction of output in this context. The results also point to some interaction between nominal price and real wage rigidities. In the presence of real wage rigidity, greater price flexibility is found to be destabilising, as it amplifies the initial inflation effect of shocks, thereby triggering a stronger monetary policy response and a larger output effect.
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  • 63
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.644
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper uses “extreme-bound”-type analysis to revisit the determinants behind widely differing economic growth in Russian regions. Using data of 77 regions for 1993-2004, it separately examines the growth drivers for the phase of economic decline up to 1998, and for the period of strong growth afterwards. Looking at forty variables considered to be potentially related to growth, it determines, for each of the two periods, the ones robustly associated with Russian economic performance. Among the variables considered are proxies of politico-institutional features, indicators of economic reform, and measurements of both economic and non-economic initial conditions. The main findings, based on close to one million regressions, are as follows: during the period of economic decline up to 1998, differences in Russian regional growth were almost entirely driven by initial conditions, with resource and human capital endowments, industrial structure, and geographical location playing the dominant roles. However, since the 1998 crisis, the importance of initial conditions has declined significantly, and is now basically reduced to hydrocarbon wealth and advantageous geographical location. More reform-oriented policies, as well as better regional leadership are found to have come to make a significant difference. These results point to determinants of economic performance in periods of actual economic decline being quite different from those in “normal” times of economic growth.
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  • 64
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.72
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789264071858
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (9 p)
    Serie: Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies no.14
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE ; Singapour
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : Singapour
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Singapore
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  • 66
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.635
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper constructs a broad measure of financial conditions for the United States which suggests that since the onset of the credit crisis there has been a marked tightening in financial conditions, despite a substantial easing of policy rates and a depreciation of the dollar. This measure of overall financial conditions includes interest rate spreads for riskier borrowers and a survey measure of the tightness of bank lending standards, which have been the main drivers behind the tightening in financial conditions. Indeed, recent data suggest that the trend deterioration in overall financial conditions has continued into the second half of 2008. The effect of the tightening in overall financial conditions already experienced may subtract 1¾ per cent from GDP over the next four to six quarters. Not only have financial conditions continued to worsen, but much of the impact on the real economy has yet to be felt.
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  • 67
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-18
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 18 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Analyse d'une politique chinoise visant à évaluer la qualité de l'enseignement supérieur de premier cycle
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-18
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses a higher education policy issued in China in 2002: the Quality Assessment of Undergraduate Education Policy. The policy was designed with four main objectives: improvement, compliance, information and accountability. However, it has not completely fulfilled its objectives, especially regarding improvement and accountability, and it has had some unexpected consequences. Reflections on the quality assessment policy show that both inevitable and contingent factors have led to low efficiency. The authors identify the main reasons for this and propose ways to improve the policy based on the principles of the incremental and rational models of policy making and reform.
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  • 68
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.77
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Taxes and Spending in Latin America: First Stability, Now Development
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: La politique budgétaire n’a nullement été négligée en Amérique latine. Depuis la fin de la crise de la dette des années 1980, les pays de la région se sont attachés à réduire leurs dépenses. Les déficits budgétaires sont tombés de 11 pour cent des recettes publiques dans les années 1970 et 1980 à seulement 8 pour cent depuis 2000. La volatilité de la fiscalité, des dépenses et des déficits d’une année sur l’autre, longtemps caractéristique de la politique budgétaire de la région, avec toutes les conséquences négatives sur les performances économiques que cela comporte, a elle aussi chuté : un indicateur de la volatilité des déficits calculé par les Perspectives économiques de l’Amérique latine 2009 de l’OCDE fait apparaître une diminution d’un tiers entre 1990-94 et 2000-06, l’Amérique latine se situant tout juste 6 pour cent au-dessus des niveaux de volatilité enregistrés dans la zone OCDE sur la même période.
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2007, no. 3, p. 387-399
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 3, p. 387-399
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The report summarizes the present survey practices in Europe and some countries on other continents. The study was launched on behalf of the European Commission and the OECD in April-July 2006. The aim of the project was to identify the state of present survey practices of the institutions that conduct business tendency surveys world-wide. The questionnaire that was sent to the executive institutions in 45 countries focused on the questions how and to what extent the Internet has been integrated in the institutes' survey practices. 32 institutes have responded to the questionnaire and provided information on their present survey techniques. Among them were all European Union countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom), two European non- EU countries Switzerland and Norway, as well as some non-European countries (Japan, South Africa and Brazil). The research findings indicate that Internet mode is becoming more and more imperative in Business Tendency Surveys, being a preferable survey mode by a significant proportion of companies, particularly in the service and the manufacturing sectors. The results of the study confirm that the Internet offers a well-suited platform for the harmonization of the data collection methods in the European Union and beyond.
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.80
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. De l'efficacité des dépenses publiques d'éducation en Amérique latine
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Education is one of the most important drivers of economic growth. The benefits of education go beyond the academic, contributing to economic objectives such as growth and productivity, as well as to social goals such as health and social cohesion. In a highly competitive, globalised world economy, public spending on education is more important than ever.
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  • 71
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 118 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Health Working Papers no.36
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  • 72
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 17 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/19
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  • 73
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 36 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.75
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  • 74
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.268
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Over recent years, a number of emerging creditors have increased their aid and lending to Africa’s Low-Income Countries (LICs). This has fed worries that new official lenders may be undoing years of international efforts to rein in over-indebtedness in Africa, to reduce the continent’s exposure to foreign-currency denominated debt and to encourage good governance by making loans conditional on political and economic reforms. These worries are reflected in the G8 Action Plan for Good Financial Governance in Africa, which attempts to include emerging lenders in the DSF framework — the Joint Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Framework. The empirical analysis of debt dynamics distinguishes three country groups: African HIPC, HIPC-China (High China Presence), and Resource-rich IDA-only. All groups display marked trends of lower debt ratios (in net present value terms, NPV), in most cases below debtdistress level for even the lowest governance groups. Evidence on links between growth and lending may even suggest that African HIPC are currently under-leveraged. Generally, there is very little evidence of “imprudent lending” to debt relief beneficiaries in the figures up to 2006. The Asian giants lower debt ratios a little through debt relief, but they do this even more through stimulating exports and growth. This holds in particular for those countries towards which their lending is mostly directed: the resource-rich countries, rather than the debt-relief beneficiaries.
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  • 75
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.82
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Wikigender: Initiating Dialogue on Gender Equality
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Avez-vous déjà envisagé de comparer le nombre d’hommes et de femmes qui occupent un emploi salarié ? Dans quelle mesure exactement les femmes sont-elles moins bien payées que les hommes ? Qui sont les dirigeants d’entreprises, quelle est la proportion de personnes de sexe féminin parmi eux ? La parité homme-femme est-elle une réalité au sommet de l’État ?
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264071766
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.19
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; New Zealand
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: New Zealand
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; New Zealand
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  • 77
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.608
    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Chile
    Kurzfassung: Chile’s labour force participation is low by comparison with most countries in the OECD area, especially among females and youths. In the case of women, labour supply has risen steadily over time for prime-age and older individuals, against a background of relative stability for men. With regards to youths, participation rates are trending down, primarily as a result of rising school enrolment, especially for males, while remaining fairly low and stable over the years for young females. The main policy challenge in this area is to raise female labour supply further, for both prime-age individuals and youths, as a means of making a better use of labour inputs in support of long-term growth. This can be achieved essentially by removing provisions in the labour code that constrain the allocation of working time and by improving access to affordable child care for mothers with young children. Policies aimed at fostering human capital accumulation for the population as a whole would also contribute, because educational attainment is one of the most powerful determinants of labour force participation. This paper relates to the 2007 Economic Survey of Chile (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/chile).
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  • 78
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 25 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of this review is to collect evidence on the instruments and modalities donors use to promoteemployment creation and to draw some preliminary lessons on what worked and what might need to be changed. These results will feed into the preparation of the Task Team’s two other outputs: i) a conceptual framework that gives greater centrality to employment issues in efforts to reduce poverty; and ii) a set of good practice papers that provide evidence-based examples of how donors can help improve employment outcomes in developing countries.
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  • 79
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.68
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Transition, mondialisation et travail dans les pays de la Coopération économique de la mer Noire et d'Asie centrale
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Globalisation has brought benefits to the economies in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation (BSEC) and Central Asia (CA), but compounded volatility and uncertainty associated with the transition to market economy. Labour markets have been put under pressure, as BSEC-CA countries compete on the international arena. One important form of labour market adjustment has been a large amount of migration flows within the BSEC-CA region and to the neighbouring countries.
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  • 80
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2008/02
    Schlagwort(e): Transport
    Kurzfassung: This paper will trace the development of modern regulation of emissions, both local and global, from motor vehicles. To illuminate the principal themes of this story the focus will be on the experiences of the United States and Europe. Among those themes, three stand out, questions that sooner or later must be considered in the development of any environmental policy. First, the theme of federalism. In every country, governments are constituted at various levels of aggregation, from local to national. Which level of government is the most suitable for attacking a given public problem. If different levels of government can fairly claim to have a role in addressing the problem, how will the various responsibilities be assigned and coordinated? In order to develop an effective and efficient public policy, the governments must have both the right incentives and the capacity to do so. Finding the right level of government to address an environmental problem is a tradeoff between two competing considerations. The government’s jurisdiction must be large enough to “internalize the externalities,” as an economist would say. That is, if either the environmental evil or the policy remedy has effects that extend beyond its borders, then the policy-maker’s incentives will very likely be inappropriate. For example, policies to control emissions of stationary-source air pollutants may not be stringent enough if most of the effects of pollution are experienced in neighboring jurisdictions. At the same time, the level of government must be appropriate to the problem. Smaller, more local units of government are more likely to know the preferences of their citizens, yet less likely to have the expertise and experience to deal effectively with particular problems. The second pervasive theme here is the choice of policy instrument: the specific mechanisms used to achieve the environmental objective. It is common to pose two polar types: direct regulation and economic incentives (EI). Rather than commands or requirements, EI instruments provide penalties or rewards to encourage behavior that will improve environmental quality. Another way of putting the difference is this: With direct regulation, there is a bright line that determines whether behavior will be tolerated. With EI, the relationship between performance and consequences is continuous and gradual. There is no bright line, just steadily increasing rewards for better performance.
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  • 81
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-24
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 24 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-24
    Schlagwort(e): Governance ; Denmark
    Kurzfassung: This article describes the development and current content of the performance management system in the Danish central government. Since the 1980s, innovations have included results-based management, performance contracts, activity-based budgeting, accrual accounting and budgeting, and the use of evaluations and reports.
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  • 82
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.62
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Investing in Africa's Youth
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Les pays africains souffrent d’un fort taux de chômage des jeunes et d’une pénurie de main-d’oeuvre qualifiée. Les systèmes de formations techniques et professionnelles sont mal financés et mal gérés. Les stratégies de développement des compétences professionnelles doivent être intégrées dans les stratégies de réduction de la pauvreté Les ressources doivent se concentrer sur les secteurs dont les perspectives en termes d’emploi sont prometteuses.
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789264071841
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (13 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.15
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Romania
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Romania
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Romania
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  • 84
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-9
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 9 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 1-9
    Schlagwort(e): Governance
    Kurzfassung: This article assesses the role and responsibilities of the budget advisor in developing countries and what factors make for success and failure. Since efficient budget institutions are important, the role of the budget advisor may include providing advice on institutional issues as well as on technical questions and the budget reform process itself.
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  • 85
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2007, no. 3, p. 287-316
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 30 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 3, p. 287-316
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The forecasting profession, especially when producing forecasts intended to support economic policy, does not currently enjoy a good reputation. Complaints are sometimes voiced about its lack of scientific discipline, which in turn implies that the forecast results may be viewed as arbitrary. At other times, it is the excessively mechanical nature of the forecasting process which is criticised, on the grounds that it prevents a proper evaluation of any information concerning changes that alter the functioning of the economic system. Moreover, the use of structural models is often deemed superfluous, or even dangerous, and reduced forms are suggested as a preferable alternative. Drawing on the actual forecasting experience at the Bank of Italy, this paper argues that these views stem largely from a biased perception of how forecasting works, what it consists of and which goals it pursues. In particular, forecasting does not simply amount to producing a set of figures: rather, it aims at assembling a fullyfledged view – one may call it a "story behind the figures" – of what could happen: a story that has to be internally consistent, whose logical plausibility can be assessed, whose structure is sufficiently articulated to allow one to make a systematic comparison with the wealth of information that accumulates as time goes by. This implies that the forecasts are not the result of a black-box process that completely lacks discipline; neither are they the outcome of a purely mechanical process that cannot take new information into account. This paper tries to show that forecasting can be rigorous, not mechanical, informative, and useful even in the face of unprecedented situations.
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  • 86
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-21
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 22 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Quality assessment of undergraduate education in China: A policy analysis
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1-21
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; China, People’s Republic
    Kurzfassung: Le présent article analyse une politique d’enseignement supérieur mise en œuvre en Chine en 2002 en vue d’évaluer la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur de premier cycle. Cette campagne d’évaluation avait quatre objectifs centraux : promouvoir l’amélioration de la qualité, la conformité, l’information et la transparence. Toutefois, cette politique n’a pas totalement atteint ses objectifs, notamment en termes d’amélioration de la qualité et de la transparence ; elle a par ailleurs eu certaines conséquences imprévues. L’étude de cette politique d’amélioration de la qualité montre qu’un tel manque d’efficacité s’explique à la fois par des facteurs inévitables et par d’autres facteurs impondérables. Les auteurs identifient les principales raisons de cet échec relatif et s’appuient sur les principes des modèles différentiel et rationnel d’élaboration et de réforme des politiques pour formuler un certain nombre de propositions visant à optimiser les résultats de cette politique d’évaluation.
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  • 87
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 34 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 12, p. 1-25
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The NEPAD founding statement of 2001 identified infrastructure as a key sectoral priority. It proposed a programme including increased investment both in maintenance and in new infrastructure, new regulatory frameworks, and the promotion of public-private partnerships. NEPAD subsequently developed a Short-Term Action Plan designed to accelerate progress in this sector, and a Medium-Long Term Strategic Framework. Successive meetings of AU Ministers have underlined the importance of infrastructure to economic growth.
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  • 88
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.649
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: This paper analyses the determinants of structural unemployment rates in a two-stage approach. First, time-varying NAIRUs are estimated for a panel of OECD economies on the basis of Phillips curve equations using Kalman filter techniques. In a second stage, the estimated NAIRUs are regressed on selected policy and institutional variables. As predicted by theoretical wage-setting/price-setting models, the level of the tax wedge and the user cost of capital are found to be important drivers of structural unemployment. Consistent with earlier studies, the level of product market regulation, union density and the unemployment benefit replacement rate also play an important role in explaining changes in the NAIRU although there is considerable variation in estimates across countries. Nonetheless, the set of structural variables provides a reasonable explanation of NAIRU dynamics over the period 1978-2003, even though recent decreases are better explained than the earlier surge.
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  • 89
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.66
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. L'augmentation du prix des denrées alimentaires : un bienfait caché pour l'Afrique ?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Higher food prices are likely to stay; emergency aid can only be a short-term solution. Making African agriculture a profitable business could turn a food-price curse into a blessing. African governments and donors should promote the commercialisation of food crops.
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  • 90
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on development Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 7-114
    ISSN: 1996-580X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 116 p
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Examen du CAD par les pairs : Royaume-Uni
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on development
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 3, p. 7-114
    Schlagwort(e): Development ; United Kingdom
    Kurzfassung: This review contains the Main Findings and Recommendations of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) and the report of the Secretariat. It was prepared with examiners from the United States and Italy for the Peer Review meeting held on 31 May 2006. The review welcomed the United Kingdom’s strong commitment to the Millennium Development Goals and to increase development aid to 0.7% of its Gross National Income by 2013. The Committee recognised the effectiveness of the United Kingdom’s distinctive development co-operation model, characterised by a strong legislative basis, clarity of mission and unified programme under a Cabinet Minister. It identified several opportunities (e.g. new tactics in working with donors, identifying policy coherence priorities, more strategic involvement of civil society, greater institutional clarity around humanitarian aid) to make improvements that would better place UK development co-operation to address the future challenges of scaling up aid volume, moving into more difficult operational environments in fragile states and clearly demonstrating development results.
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  • 91
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.87
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. La crise financière et ses retombées (5) : L'opinion publique contre l'aide au développement ?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Over the past 20 years, public attitudes towards aid in OECD countries have remained steadily positive throughout economic ups and downs. At the same time, polling data shows that voters continue to strongly support aid to developing countries, despite the financial crisis.
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  • 92
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 68 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.616
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  • 93
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 56 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.72
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  • 94
    ISBN: 9789264069282
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (14 p)
    Serie: Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies no.35
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE ; Taipei chinois
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE : Taipei chinois
    Schlagwort(e): Trade ; Chinese Taipei
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  • 95
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.72
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Le rendez-vous d'Accra : Réformer le 〈〈 non-système 〉〉 mondial de financement du développement
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: New actors and instruments have increased the complexity of the international development-finance architecture Efficient aid delivery confronts challenges: multilateral duplication, mission creep and loss of leverage. Specific measures of multilaterals’ contributions to the MDGs could promote accountability and reduce complexity.
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  • 96
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: general papers Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-37
    ISSN: 1995-283X
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 37 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: general papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2008, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Schlagwort(e): Economics
    Kurzfassung: The World Business Environment Survey (WBES) provided a unique look at the impact of the investment climate on enterprise performance, employing a standard core questionnaire to more than 10 000 firms in 80 countries between late 1998 and mid-2000. This paper examines results of a special module of the survey administered in 28 of the WBES countries that focused on issues of competition, trade and firm capabilities in terms of technology and worker education and training. It confirms that key attributes of the investment climate such as corruption, financing, tax administration, regulations and policy uncertainty all matter in explaining firm performance as measured by sales growth, employment growth and investment growth. Further, excessive labour regulation is negatively associated with both employment and investment growth. The new data on firm capabilities suggest that firm investments in technology and skills are also critically associated with firm performance. Investment in technological capacity strongly relates to sales growth, while international technological acquisition relates clearly to employment and investment growth. Training matters as well, and it is quite clear that investments in private training services are significantly associated with all dimensions of firm growth. What is equally clear is that public training bears no significant relationship with firm performance. Firms that make no investments in training appear disproportionately influenced by three types of market failure. This link has direct implications for governments as they shape technology policy and training policy.
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  • 97
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.84
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. The Fallout from the Financial Crisis (2): External Debt Sustainability Should More Be Done for the Poor?
    Schlagwort(e): Development
    Kurzfassung: Depuis le début de la crise du crédit, on n’a accordé qu’une attention relativement faible aux conséquences de la crise financière sur l’endettement des pays à faible niveau de revenu. Si au cours des dernières années les pays en développement ont, dans l’ensemble, bénéficié d’une augmentation des flux de capitaux privés (notamment sous la forme d’investissements directs étrangers (IDE) et de transferts de fonds des travailleurs expatriés), de nombreux pays à faible niveau de revenu dépendent encore très largement de l’aide officielle externe et des flux d’endettement.
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  • 98
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2008/10
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Sustainable Education Campus in Spain: Nature and Architecture for Training
    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Spain
    Kurzfassung: Le projet de campus pour l’enseignement durable de San Agustín de Guadalix repose sur un concept innovant mêlant urbanisme et architecture. La conception et le paysage du campus visent à soutenir la formation et à incarner un exemple de viabilité écologique.
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  • 99
    ISBN: 9789264072626
    Sprache: Französisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (7 p)
    Serie: Les systèmes de financement des crédits à l'exportation dans les pays membres et les économies non membres de l'OCDE no.2
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies; Annex IV; Action Statement on Bribery and Officially Supported Export Credits
    Paralleltitel: Parallelausg. Export Credit Financing Systems in OECD Member Countries and Non-Member Economies: Annex IV: Action Statement on Bribery and Officially Supported Export Credits
    Schlagwort(e): Trade
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  • 100
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: 41 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Serie: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.71
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