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  • World Bank  (133)
  • Ravallion, Martin  (22)
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  • Economic development  (99)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801587
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 370.113095493
    Keywords: Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications ; Economic development ; Labor market ; Vocational education ; Vocational qualifications
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464802331
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.793/2
    Keywords: Economic development ; Electric utilities ; Economic development ; Electric utilities ; Economic development ; Electric utilities
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank Group
    ISBN: 9781464803741
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development
    Series Statement: Directions in Development - Energy and Mining
    DDC: 333.792/3095492
    Keywords: Economic development ; Rural development ; Rural electrification ; Solar energy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Rural development ; Rural electrification ; Solar energy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Rural development ; Rural electrification ; Solar energy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9781464802928
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.793/20967
    Keywords: Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries ; Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries ; Economic development ; Energy development ; Energy industries ; Mineral industries
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464801037 , 9781464801044
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 388/.04409597
    Keywords: Business logistics ; Economic development ; Freight and freightage ; Industrial policy ; Business logistics ; Economic development ; Freight and freightage ; Industrial policy ; Business logistics ; Economic development ; Freight and freightage ; Industrial policy ; Vietnam ; Vietnam Economic policy ; Vietnam Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821399101
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia reports
    DDC: 331.10947
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Job creation ; Job creation ; Labor market ; Labor market
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glasgow, United Kingdom : Collins Bartholomew
    ISBN: 9780821397572
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 pages) , color illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Edition: Fourth edition
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Economic development Maps ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Maps ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Maps ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Maps ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Note: "© 2013 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design © HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Title from cover
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800085
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 338/.04098
    Keywords: Economic development ; Entrepreneurship Social aspects ; Social mobility ; Economic development ; Entrepreneurship Social aspects ; Social mobility ; Economic development ; Entrepreneurship ; Social mobility
    Note: "A copublication of the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821398616
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9581
    Keywords: Economic development ; Postwar reconstruction ; Economic development ; Postwar reconstruction ; Economic development ; Postwar reconstruction ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan ; Afghanistan Economic conditions 21st century ; Afghanistan Economic policy ; Afghanistan History 2001- ; Afghanistan Politics and government 2001- ; Afghanistan Economic conditions 21st century ; Afghanistan Economic policy ; Afghanistan History 2001- ; Afghanistan Politics and government 2001-
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9780821399187
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1/53
    Keywords: International Finance Corporation ; Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ; International Finance Corporation ; Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ; Economic development ; Economic development ; International Finance Corporation ; Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency ; Economic development
    Description / Table of Contents: AbbreviationsAcknowledgments -- Overview -- Management response -- Management action record -- Chairperson's summary : committee on development effectiveness -- Statement by the external expert panel -- Context and evaluation framework -- Monitoring and evaluation in IFC and MIGA -- Use and influence of monitoring and evaluation in IFC and MIGA -- Effectiveness and efficiency of monitoring and evaluation systems -- Main findings and recommendations -- Findings -- Recommendations -- Appendix B: IEG criteria for assessing the M&E quality for advisory -- Appendix C: Electro -- Boxes -- Tables -- Figures -- Appendixes.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9780821389270 , 9780821389287
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332
    RVK:
    Keywords: Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor Finance, Personal ; Financial institutions ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Mikrofinanzierung ; Kreditmarkt
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9781464800795
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 331.25/92095135
    Keywords: Economic development ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Economic development ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education ; Economic development ; Manpower policy ; Occupational training ; Vocational education
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821398067 , 9780821398067
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 178 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    DDC: 338.9105
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development
    Note: Includes bibliographic references , Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 14
    ISBN: 9780821398593
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 131pages) , illustrations , 25 cm
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 307.76095492
    Keywords: Economic development ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; Economic development ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; Economic development ; Urban policy ; Urbanization ; Bangladesh ; Bangladesh Economic conditions ; Bangladesh Economic conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9780821397428 , 9780821397787
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.750967
    Keywords: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Deforestation Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection ; Deforestation Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection ; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (Program) ; Deforestation ; Economic development ; Forest degradation ; Forest protection
    Note: "This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington DC : The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821398937
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 278 pages) , illustrations , 25 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Regional economic disparities ; Regional economics ; Economic development ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Regional economic disparities ; Regional economics ; Economic development ; International economic integration ; International trade ; Regional economic disparities ; Regional economics ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commerce ; Developing countries Commerce
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9781464800498
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.6/048
    Keywords: Competition ; Economic development ; Competition ; Economic development ; Competition ; Economic development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821394517 , 0821395238 , 9780821394519 , 9780821395233
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 169 p) , col. ill
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available on the Internet
    Keywords: Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices Government policy ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor ; Food prices ; Food prices ; Food security ; Nutrition ; Poor
    Note: Written by staffs of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund , Also available on the Internet.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 19
    ISBN: 9780821395912 , 9780821395929
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 333.70956
    Keywords: Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Natural resources Government policy ; Diversification in industry ; Diversification in industry ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Industrial policy ; Industrial policy ; Natural resources ; Natural resources
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821382561 , 9780821389904
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development Citizen participation ; Economic development projects Citizen participation ; Community development ; Decentralization in government ; Economic development ; Economic development projects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 21
    ISBN: 9780821396049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2012 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79/13091724
    Keywords: Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households Energy consumption ; Poor Energy assistance ; Energy consumption ; Households ; Poor
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9780821389423 , 9780821389430
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis 2008-2009 ; Recessions ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Global Financial Crisis ; Recessions ; 2008-2009 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821395516 , 9780821395523
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9/27
    Keywords: Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Sustainable development ; Economic development ; Sustainable development ; Environmental aspects
    Description / Table of Contents: An analytical framework for green growthFostering environment-friendly behavioral change through market and non-market mechanisms -- Innovation and other industrial policies -- Human capital: implications of green growth policies for labor markets and job creation -- Natural capital -- Physical capital: the role of infrastructure in green growth strategies -- Crafting a green growth strategy.
    Note: "This report was written by a team led by Marianne Fay [... et al.] , Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9780821388464 , 9780821389256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small Economic conditions ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; States, Small
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 25
    ISBN: 9780821389409 , 9780821394601
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (p. cm)
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises Social aspects ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Social aspects ; Poor ; Cost and standard of living ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Poor ; Social aspects ; Social aspects
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 26
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821385623 , 9780821385630
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxi, 88 p) , ill. (some col.) , 26 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 339.4/609567
    Keywords: Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Cost and standard of living ; Poor ; Poverty ; Iraq ; Iraq Economic conditions ; Iraq Economic conditions
    Note: "Poverty Reduction Strategy High Committee Government of Iraq , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 27
    ISBN: 0821386530 , 9780821386538
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 128 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; World Bank ; Carbon dioxide mitigation ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Economic development ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Note: "The report was prepared by a team led by Kenneth Chomitz, the principal author"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank , Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-127)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 28
    ISBN: 9780821388471 , 9780821389362
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 256 p) , col. ill , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development
    Description / Table of Contents: OverviewFinancial development : bright side, patterns, paths, and dark side -- Domestic financial development : where does LAC stand? -- Financial globalization : where does LAC stand? -- Financial inclusion : where does LAC stand? -- The banking gap -- The equity gap -- Going long -- Risk bearing by the state : a collective action perspective -- Prudential oversight : where does LAC stand? -- Macroprudential policies over the cycle in LAC -- Microsystemic regulation -- Systemic supervision -- Summary of policy directions for the road ahead.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-256)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 29
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glasgow : Collins
    ISBN: 9780821385838
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 pages)) , color illustrations, color maps , 25 cm
    Edition: Third edition 2011
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.90022/3
    Keywords: Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Note: "³ 2011 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design ³ HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 30
    ISBN: 0821387006 , 9780821387009 , 9780821387016
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xv, 177 p) , ill., col. maps , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    Keywords: Economic development 2001- ; Economic development ; Economic policy 2001- ; Economic policy ; Economic development 2001- ; Economic development ; Economic policy 2001- ; Economic policy ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: The diversity of MDG progressEconomic growth in developing countries -- Linking spending and outcomes : some lessons from impact evaluations in education and health -- Assisting the indigenous and socially excluded -- Progress in the international development and trading framework.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Prepared jointly by The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9780821389096 , 9780821389102
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 116 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2014 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.96751
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Congo (Democratic Republic) ; Congo (Democratic Republic) ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions 1960- ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic policy ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic conditions 1960- ; Congo (Democratic Republic) Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionDRC's renaissance remains fragile -- Government effectiveness -- Unlocking the infrastructure challenge -- Private sector development and employment creation -- How to sequence DRC's policy interventions.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9780821386439 , 9780821386446
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 511 p) , ill., maps , 28 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 382/.9091724
    Keywords: Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Tariff preferences ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations ; Developing countries Commercial policy ; Developing countries Foreign economic relations
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 33
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821369539 , 0821369547 , 9780821369531 , 9780821369548
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 498 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2011 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Poverty
    DDC: 339.4/6
    Keywords: Development economics ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Development economics ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Development economics ; Economic development
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 12HealthMacroeconomics and HealthHealth and Economic GrowthMacroeconomic Policy and HealthBeyond GDPInvesting in HealthGlobal Health InitiativesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 13Labor MarketsLabor-Friendly Economic GrowthLabor Markets in Developing CountriesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 14Land and AgricultureLand Distribution in Poor CountriesLand Inequality and Rural PovertyLand Inequality and Economic DevelopmentThe Role of Government in Land MarketsThe Role of Agriculture in Reducing Rural PovertyConclusionNotesBibliographych. 15Technology, Entrepreneurship, and ProductivityTotal Factor ProductivitySpending on Research and DevelopmentTechnology Diffusion and AdoptionInformation and Communication TechnologyAre Entrepreneurship and Growth Linked?Entrepreneurial Activity arid GrowthPolicy ImplicationsConclusionNotesBibliography
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 16Urbanization and GrowthTrends in UrbanizationUrbanization and GrowthUrbanization and PovertyKey Issues in UrbanizationConclusionNotesBibliographych. 17Corruption and PovertyDetection and Measurement of CorruptionAnalytical Framework for the Study of CorruptionCauses of CorruptionCosts and Benefits of CorruptionImpact of Corruption on Economic PerformancePersistence of CorruptionConclusionNoteBibliographych. 18Regulation and Economic GrowthProduct-Market RegulationLabor RegulationRegulation and the Private SectorFinancial RegulationPolicy Lessons from the Recent CrisisRegulation and Reform of the Infrastructure SectorImpact of Regulation on Growth and InformalityConclusionNotesBibliographych. 19Shocks, Volatility, and GrowthAvoiding Economic DownturnsInterdependence of North and SouthThe Synchronized Movement of Developed and Developing Countries
    Description / Table of Contents: Ch. 4Government and the EconomyFocus on Fiscal Policy -- The Role of Government in the EconomyFiscal Policy: Taxing and SpendingThe Uses of Fiscal PolicyConclusionNoteBibliographych. 5Monetary Policy, Inflation, and Exchange RatesDefinitions and ConceptsInflationInflation and Economic GrowthInflation and the PoorExchange-Rate PolicyConclusionNotesBibliographych. 6Financial DevelopmentFinancial Development and Economic GrowthFour Decades of Financial Sector Reform in Developing CountriesFinancial Development and Poverty ReductionWidening Access to Financial ServicesMicrofinance and the PoorEmigrant RemittancesConclusionNotesBibliographych. 7Development AssistanceAid Sources and TrendsAid in the Context of Overall Capital FlowsDoes Aid Spur Economic Growth?Ensuring That More Aid Means More Growth
    Description / Table of Contents: International Initiatives to Improve the Effectiveness of AidConclusionAnnex The Five Principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid EffectivenessNotesBibliographych. 8External DebtMeasures of External IndebtednessExternal Indebtedness, Growth, and PovertyDebt Relief and Low-Income CountriesDebt Relief versus Development AssistanceConclusionNotesBibliographych. 9Trade PolicyThe Rationale for TradeTrade BarriersTrade and Economic GrowthTrade, Inequality, and the PoorConclusionBibliographypt. IIIFactor Accumulation and Structural Policych. 10Institutions and GrowthMeasures of Institutional QualityInstitutions and Economic GrowthSocial Capital and CultureConclusionNotesBibliographych. 11EducationEducation, Growth, and Poverty ReductionGlobal Education InitiativesDevelopment Assistance for EducationWhat Do We Know about Educational Policy?ConclusionNotesBibliography
    Description / Table of Contents: Machine generated contents note:pt. IPoverty, National Income, and Economic Growthch. 1Poverty and How We Measure ItPoverty and Well-BeingMeasuring PovertyCollecting DataHousehold Surveys and National AccountsConclusionNoteBibliographych. 2National Income and How We Measure ItMacroeconomic SectorsMacroeconomic ConceptsDetermining Gross Domestic ProductThe Business CycleThe Balance of PaymentsSome Basic Accounting RelationshipsConclusionNotesBibliographych. 3Growth, Poverty, and Inequality: An OverviewGrowth Theory, Then and NowInstitutions and Modern Growth TheoryEconomic Growth and Poverty ReductionVariations in Poverty Responses to GrowthPro-Poor GrowthConclusionNoteBibliographypt. IIGovernment Policy, Growth, and the Poor
    Description / Table of Contents: The Complexity of North-South LinksMonetary Policies and Capital FlowsNorth-South Capital FlowsGlobalization, Volatility, and GrowthThe Financial Crisis of 2008 and Global GrowthGrowth BoomsThe Microeconomic Foundations of GrowthConclusionNotesBibliographych. 20The Politics of Growth and PovertyPolitical Power and Economic InstitutionsEconomic Origins of Political RegimesDo Democratic Countries Grow Faster than Dictatorships?The Interplay of Politics and EconomicsConclusionNotesBibliographych. 21Climate Change and the Wealth of NationsNational Wealth and Genuine SavingConsumption Saving, and a Counterfactual to the Hartwick RuleHow Does Natural Capital Affect Well-Being?High Carbon, High GrowthMitigation of and Adaptation to Climate ChangeConclusionAnnex Empirical Evidence of the Causes of GrowthNotesBibliography.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 34
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821386921 , 9780821386927
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xx, 159 p) , ill. (some col.) , 27 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary Also available online as PDF
    Series Statement: Global development horizons 2011
    DDC: 338.9
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International finance Forecasting ; Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International finance Forecasting ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Forecasting ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Forecasting
    Abstract: By 2025, six major emerging economies--Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, South Korea, and Russia--will account for more than half of all global growth, and the international monetary system will no longer be dominated by a single currency. As economic power shifts, these successful economies will help drive growth in lower income countries through cross-border commercial and financial transactions. Global Development Horizons 2011--Multipolarity: The New Global Economy projects that today's emerging economies will grow, on average, by 4.7 percent a year between 2011 and 2025, and their share of global GDP will expand from 36 percent to 45 percent. Advanced economies, meanwhile, are forecast to grow by 2.3 percent over the same period, yet will remain prominent in the global economy, with the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States all playing a core role in supporting the global economic engine
    Description / Table of Contents: Overview1. Changing growth poles and financial positions -- 2. The changing global corporate landscape -- 3. Multipolarity in international finance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Also available online as PDF.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821385453 , 0821386573 , 9780821385456 , 9780821386576
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 261 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 3rd ed
    Edition: 2013 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 332.1/532
    RVK:
    Keywords: World Bank Group ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank Group ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions ; Developing countries Economic conditions
    Description / Table of Contents: How the World Bank Group is organizedHow the World Bank Group operates -- World Bank Group countries and regions -- Topics in development.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 36
    ISBN: 0821385186 , 9780821385180
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxiv, 548 p) , ill., maps , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: Group of Twenty Congresses ; Group of Twenty Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic development Congresses ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Congresses ; International finance Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic development Congresses ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 Congresses ; International finance Congresses ; Group of Twenty ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; International finance
    Note: "Papers presented at the Korea-World Bank High Level Conference on Post-Crisis Growth and Development co-hosted by the Presidential Committee for the G-20 Seoul Summit and the World Bank, with the support of the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 37
    ISBN: 0821381946 , 0821381954 , 9780821381946 , 9780821381953
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxii, 248 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: New frontiers of social policy
    DDC: 307.1/4091724
    Keywords: Community development ; Economic development ; Local government ; Community development ; Economic development ; Local government ; Community development ; Economic development ; Local government
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 38
    ISBN: 9780821386040
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 79 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2010 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 323
    Keywords: Economic development ; Human rights ; Economic development ; Human rights ; Economic development ; Human rights
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9780821385135 , 9780821385142
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 634 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2015 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 330.9172/4
    Keywords: Economic development Case studies ; Economic forecasting Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development Case studies ; Economic forecasting Case studies ; Financial crises Case studies ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Economic forecasting ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 40
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4806
    Parallel Title: Byrd, William A Public finance, security, and development
    Keywords: Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security ; Economic development ; Finance, Public ; Internal security
    Abstract: "Security is increasingly viewed as a key condition for economic growth and development. The authors argue that the work and impact of all development partners would be enhanced if the multiple linkages between public finance, security, and development were explicitly taken into account. At the extreme, in some cases better public finance management could have more impact on security than would more troops. The paper first outlines three core linkages between security and development-through the investment climate, human and social capital, and institutions. The authors then propose three complementary tools to analyze the security sector from the point of view of public finance management, service delivery, and governance. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of Afghanistan. The paper closes by drawing some conclusions about possible entry points for dialogue in this difficult area. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 41
    ISBN: 0821379968 , 0821379976 , 9780821379967 , 9780821379974
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vi, 42 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    Series Statement: World Bank working paper no. 167
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics) ; Economic development ; Informal sector (Economics)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 42
    ISBN: 0821380486 , 9780821380482
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 222 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.951/132
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Beijing (China) ; Shanghai (China) ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy ; Beijing (China) Economic policy ; Shanghai (China) Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and overviewChina's development and its megacities -- Manufacturing industry: locomotive for innovation and growth -- Pitfalls of early deindustrialization -- Economic composition, resources, and the emerging innovation potentials in Beijing and Shanghai -- Making industries innovative.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4851
    Parallel Title: Ianchovichina, Elena Inclusive growth analytics
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964- ; Zambia Economic conditions 1964-
    Abstract: "This paper argues that inclusive growth analytics has a distinct character focusing on both the pace and pattern of growth. Traditionally, applied country-specific poverty and growth analyses have been done separately. This paper describes the conceptual elements for an analytical strategy aimed to integrate these two strands of analyses, and to identify and prioritize country-specific constraints to sustained and inclusive growth. The authors apply the framework to the case of Zambia. The analysis suggests that income growth in Zambia is constrained by poor access to domestic and international markets, inputs, extension services, and information. High indirect costs - mostly attributable to infrastructure service-related inputs in production including energy, transport, telecom, water, but also insurance, marketing, and professional services - undermine Zambia's competitiveness, limit job creation, and therefore serve as a major constraint to inclusive growth. Improving the quality and access to secondary and tertiary education is essential if the poor are to benefit from future growth of the non-farm economy. Weak governance and, in particular, poor government effectiveness are factors behind the market coordination failures and the identified government failures, and are as such major obstacles to inclusive growth in Zambia. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4921
    Parallel Title: Wodon, Quentin May growth lead to higher deprivation despite higher satisfaction?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Income distribution ; Economic development ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "In a relative deprivation framework, unless inequality is reduced, growth is associated with both higher satisfaction and higher deprivation. This may help explain the discontent with growth despite its benefits. As is well known in the literature, knowledge of the population's mean income and Lorenz curve is all that is needed to analyze a distribution, so that this can also be used to assess the satisfaction and deprivation of each individual. Given the normalization used to derive the satisfaction and deprivation measures, satisfaction and deprivation add up to the mean income for the population as a whole as well as for each individual. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/7/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 0821381652 , 0821381660 , 9780821381656 , 9780821381663
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvii, 76 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.9009172/4
    Keywords: Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century ; Developing countries Economic conditions 21st century
    Description / Table of Contents: IntroductionThe crisis -- Questioning the growth strategies -- Openness and financial development -- Resilience -- Concluding thoughts.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 46
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4818
    Parallel Title: Vollmer, Sebastian Political institutions and human development
    Keywords: Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development ; Democracy Economic aspects ; Economic development
    Abstract: "Institutions are a major field of interest in the study of development processes. The authors contribute to this discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human development. First, they elaborate a theoretical argument why and under what conditions democracies compared to autocratic political systems might perform better with regards to the provision of public goods. Due to higher redistributive concerns matched to the needs of the population democracies should show a higher level of human development. In the following they analyze whether our theoretical expectations are supported by empirical facts. The authors perform a static panel analysis over the period of 1970 to 2003. The model confirms that living in a democratic system positively affects human development measured by life expectancy and literacy rates even controlling for GDP. By analyzing interaction effects they find that the performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of health provision in more unequal societies. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4830
    Parallel Title: Moral-Benito, Enrique Determinants of economic growth
    Keywords: Bayesian statistical decision theory ; Economic development ; Bayesian statistical decision theory ; Economic development
    Abstract: "Model uncertainty hampers consensus on the key determinants of economic growth. Some recent cross-country, cross-sectional analyses have employed Bayesian Model Averaging to address the issue of model uncertainty. This paper extends that approach to panel data models with country-specific fixed effects. The empirical results show that the most robust growth determinants are the price of investment goods, distance to major world cities, and political rights. This suggests that growth-promoting policy strategies should aim to reduce taxes and distortions that raise the prices of investment goods; improve access to international markets; and promote democracy-enhancing institutional reforms. Moreover, the empirical results are robust to different prior assumptions on expected model size. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/8/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4942
    Parallel Title: Monga, Célestin Uncivil societies
    Keywords: Civil society ; Economic development ; Civil society ; Economic development
    Abstract: "In times of crises, it is always useful to revisit some of the paradigms that underlie collective thinking and action. For nearly 200 years, most social science has relied on the assumption that the emergence of strong and nurturing social capital through a vibrant civil society yields all kind of positive externalities to society. Following intuition and anecdotal observations from Alexis de Tocqueville, a large body of theoretical and empirical research has attempted to confirm that societies strive politically and economically when they are able to build strong non-state actors and community organizations. Many disciplines-mainly political science, economics, law, and international relations-have constructed influential analytical frameworks in support of that general proposition. This paper examines the philosophical foundations of conventional wisdom and observes that it often fails to take into account the dark side of some civil society groups, from the mafia to Al Qaeda. While acknowledging the potential contribution of civil society to the development process, the paper also cautions again the rush to circumvent the state, which sometimes sustains community-based initiatives in poor countries. It suggests the possibility of the production of negative social capital by non-state actors. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/26/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9780821379585 , 9780821379592
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 127 p) , ill. (some col.) , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 338.910962
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; World Bank ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Egypt ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981- ; Egypt Economic conditions 1981-
    Note: "Written by Ismail Arslan, with contributions by consultants Ataman Aksoy ... [et al.]"--P. vii , At head of title: IEG World Bank, IFC, MIGA , Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-127)
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  • 50
    ISBN: 0821378503 , 9780821378502
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxxix, 127 p) , ill. (some col.), map , 28 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 333.79
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; Climatic changes Economic aspects ; Climatic changes Government policy ; Economic development Environmental aspects ; Energy policy Environmental aspects ; Environmental policy ; Greenhouse gas mitigation ; World Bank ; Climatic changes ; Climatic changes ; Economic development ; Energy policy ; Environmental policy ; Economic aspects ; Government policy ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental aspects ; Greenhouse gas mitigation
    Note: "Kenneth Chomitz was the evaluation manager and main author for this study"--P. xiii , At head of title: IEG World Bank , Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127)
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  • 51
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 9780821374443 , 9780821377406
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 308 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: 2009 World Bank eLibrary
    DDC: 362.1/042
    Keywords: Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Equality Health aspects ; Health services accessibility ; Poor Cross-cultural studies Medical care ; World health ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Equality ; Health services accessibility ; Health aspects ; Poor ; World health ; Medical care ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Cross-cultural studies ; Developing Countries ; Health Policy ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Description / Table of Contents: An unacceptable realityApproaching a complex and persistent problem -- The importance of "listening" -- A menu of pro-poor policies -- Brazil, filling the cracks in universal coverage -- Cambodia: contracting with nongovernmental organizations to serve the poor -- Cambodia: health equity fund for the poor -- Chile: integrated services program for the poor -- Colombia: expanding health insurance for the poor -- India: community-based health care services -- Indonesia: health cards for the poor -- Kenya: expanding immunization reach through campaigns -- The Kyrgyz Republic: health financing reform and the poor -- Mexico: paying the poor to use health services -- Mexico: providing subsidized health insurance to the poor -- Nepal: participatory planning -- Rwanda: community-based health insurance -- Tanzania: social marketing for malaria prevention -- Vigilance.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-294) and index
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (31 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Are There Lessons For Africa From China's Success Against Poverty?
    Keywords: Absolute Poverty ; Extreme Poverty ; Inequality ; National Poverty ; National Poverty Line ; Poor ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Rates ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Smallholder Agriculture ; Absolute Poverty ; Extreme Poverty ; Inequality ; National Poverty ; National Poverty Line ; Poor ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Rates ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Smallholder Agriculture ; Absolute Poverty ; Extreme Poverty ; Inequality ; National Poverty ; National Poverty Line ; Poor ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Rates ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Smallholder Agriculture
    Abstract: At the outset of China's reform period, the country had a far higher poverty rate than for Africa as a whole. Within five years that was no longer true. This paper tries to explain how China escaped from a situation in which extreme poverty persisted due to failed and unpopular policies. While acknowledging that Africa faces constraints that China did not, and that context matters, two lessons stand out. The first is the importance of productivity growth in smallholder agriculture, which will require both market-based incentives and public support. The second is the role played by strong leadership and a capable public administration at all levels of government
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (20 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Chen, Shaohua China Is Poorer Than We Thought, But No Less Successful In The Fight Against Poverty
    Keywords: Extreme poverty ; Global poverty ; Incidence of poverty ; Income ; Income poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty measures ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Extreme poverty ; Global poverty ; Incidence of poverty ; Income ; Income poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty measures ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Extreme poverty ; Global poverty ; Incidence of poverty ; Income ; Income poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty measures ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: In 2005, China participated for the first time in the International Comparison Program (ICP), which collects primary data across countries on the prices for an internationally comparable list of goods and services. This paper examines the implications of the new Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) rate (derived by the ICP) for China's poverty rate (by international standards) and how it has changed over time. We provide estimates with and without adjustment for a likely sampling bias in the ICP data. Using an international poverty line of USD 1.25 at 2005 PPP, we find a substantially higher poverty rate for China than past estimates, with about 15% of the population living in consumption poverty, implying about 130 million more poor by this standard. The income poverty rate in 2005 is 10%, implying about 65 million more people living in poverty. However, the new ICP data suggest an even larger reduction in the number of poor since 1981
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (27 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin On The Welfarist Rationale For Relative Poverty Lines
    Keywords: Armut ; Messung ; Theorie ; Malawi ; Absolute poverty ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food items ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor people ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty gap ; Poverty measurement ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Risk sharing ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural areas ; Absolute poverty ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food items ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor people ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty gap ; Poverty measurement ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Risk sharing ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural areas ; Absolute poverty ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food items ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poor ; Poor people ; Poverty Lines ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty gap ; Poverty measurement ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Risk sharing ; Rural ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Rural areas
    Abstract: The theory and evidence supporting a relativist approach to poverty measurement are critically reviewed. Various sources of welfare interdependence are identified, including the idea of "relative deprivation" as well other (positive and negative) welfare effects for poor people of belonging to a better-off group. An economic model combines informal risk sharing with the idea of a "positional good," and conditions are derived in which the relative deprivation effect dominates, implying a relative poverty measure. The paper then reviews the problems encountered in testing for welfare effects of relative deprivation and discusses the implications of micro evidence from Malawi. The results are consistent with the emphasis given to absolute level of living in development policy discussions. However, relative deprivation is still evident in the data from this poor but unequal country, and it is likely to become a more important factor as the country develops
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 4692
    Parallel Title: Bodea, Cristina Political violence and economic growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Political violence ; Economic development ; Political violence
    Abstract: "This paper analyzes the economic growth impact of organized political violence. First, the authors articulate the theoretical underpinnings of the growth impact of political violence in a popular model of growth under uncertainty. The authors show that, under plausible assumptions regarding attitudes toward risk, the overall effects of organized political violence are likely to be much higher than its direct capital destruction impact. Second, using a quantitative model of violence that distinguishes between three levels of political violence (riots, coups, and civil war), the authors use predicted probabilities of aggregate violence and its three manifestations to identify their growth effects in an encompassing growth model. Panel regressions suggest that organized political violence, especially civil war, significantly lowers long-term economic growth. Moreover, unlike most previous studies, the authors also find ethnic fractionalization to have a negative and direct effect on growth, though its effect is substantially ameliorated by the institutions specific to a non-factional partial democracy. Third, the results show that Sub-Saharan Africa has been disproportionately impacted by civil war, which explains a substantial share of its economic decline, including the widening income gap relative to East Asia. Civil wars have also been costly for Sub-Saharan Africa. For the case of Sudan, a typical large African country experiencing a long-duration conflict, the cost of war amounts to
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/20/2009 , Also available in print.
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (23 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Bailing Out The World's Poorest
    Keywords: Economic growth ; Financial crisis ; Income ; Income support ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Nets and Transfers ; Safety net ; Safety net programs ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social policy ; Social protection ; Economic growth ; Financial crisis ; Income ; Income support ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Nets and Transfers ; Safety net ; Safety net programs ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social policy ; Social protection ; Economic growth ; Financial crisis ; Income ; Income support ; Poor ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Safety Nets and Transfers ; Safety net ; Safety net programs ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Social Protections and Labor ; Social policy ; Social protection
    Abstract: While the 2008 financial crisis is global in nature, it is likely to have heterogeneous welfare impacts within the developing world, with some countries, and some people, more vulnerable than others. It also threatens to have lasting impacts for some of those affected, notably through the nutrition and schooling of children in poor families. These features point to the need for a differentiated social policy response, aiming to provide rapid income support to those in most need, while preserving the key physical and human assets of poor people and their communities. The paper points out some mistakes in past crisis responses and identifies key design features for safety net programs that can help compensate for the likely welfare losses in the short-term while also promoting longer-term recovery
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (42 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Dollar A Day Revisited
    Keywords: Absolute poverty ; Global poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poor countries ; Poor person ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Poverty measurement ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute poverty ; Global poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poor countries ; Poor person ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Poverty measurement ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute poverty ; Global poverty ; International poverty line ; National poverty ; National poverty lines ; Poor ; Poor countries ; Poor person ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty line ; Poverty measurement ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The paper presents the first major update of the international "USD 1 a day" poverty line, first proposed in 1990 for measuring absolute poverty by the standards of the world's poorest countries. In a new data set of national poverty lines we find that a marked economic gradient only emerges when consumption per person is above about USD 2.00 a day at 2005 purchasing power parity. Below this, the average poverty line is USD 1.25, which we propose as the new international poverty line. Relative poverty appears to matter more to developing countries than has been thought. Our proposed schedule of relative poverty lines is bounded below by USD 1.25, and rises at a gradient of USD 1 in USD 3 when mean consumption is above USD 2.00 a day
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  • 58
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821374729 , 9780821374726
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 155 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available on the World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Directions in development. Trade
    DDC: 330.9496
    Keywords: Economic development ; Exports ; Investments, Foreign ; Economic development ; Exports ; Investments, Foreign ; Economic development ; Exports ; Investments, Foreign ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula ; Balkan Peninsula Commerce ; Balkan Peninsula Economic integration ; Balkan Peninsula Economic policy ; Balkan Peninsula Commerce ; Balkan Peninsula Economic integration ; Balkan Peninsula Economic policy
    Description / Table of Contents: Motivation and macroeconomic context -- Trade trends and patterns and labor competitiveness -- Deepening integration -- Services as an engine of growth: the regional dimension of trade in services -- Attracting private investment.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148) and index , Also available on the World Wide Web.
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821368702 , 0821368710 , 9780821368701 , 9780821368718
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxiv, 383 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Latin American development forum series
    DDC: 338.98
    Keywords: Economic development ; Emigrant remittances ; Economic development ; Emigrant remittances ; Economic development ; Emigrant remittances ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Description / Table of Contents: The development impact of remittances in Latin America/ Pablo Fajnzylber and J. Humberto López -- How important are remittances in Latin America?/ Pablo Acosta, Pablo Fajnzylber, and J. Humberto López -- Migration and remittances in Latin America: patterns and determinants/ Yoko Niimi and çaglar özden -- Do remittances lower poverty levels in Latin America?/ Pablo Acosta ... [et al.] -- Remittances and household behavior: evidence for Latin America/ Pablo Acosta, Pablo Fajnzylber, and J. Humberto López -- Do remittances affect recipient countries' financial development?/ Maria Soledad Martínez Pería, Yira Mascaró, and Florencia Moizeszowicz -- Remittances, the real exchange rate, and the Dutch disease phenomenon/ J. Humberto López, Luis Molina, and Maurizio Bussolo -- Do conditional cash transfer programs crowd out private transfers?/ Pedro Olinto and Mette E. Nielsen -- Facilitating remittances flows and security in the system/ Massimo Cirasino, Mario Guadanillas, and Emanuel Salinas -- Remittances and growth: the role of complementary policies/ Cesar Calderón, Pablo Fajnzylber and J. Humberto Lóopez.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington D.C : World Bank on behalf of the Commission on Growth and Development
    ISBN: 0821374915 , 0821374923 , 9780821374917 , 9780821374924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiii, 180 p) , ill. (chiefly col.), col. map , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.9/27091724
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic development ; Economic development ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Economic policy ; Developing countries Economic policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references
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  • 61
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (48 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Sangraula, Prem New Evidence On The Urbanization of Global Poverty
    Keywords: Absolute Poverty ; Agricultural Production ; Economic Growth ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; International Poverty Lines ; Local Poverty Lines ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor Living ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute Poverty ; Agricultural Production ; Economic Growth ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; International Poverty Lines ; Local Poverty Lines ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor Living ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute Poverty ; Agricultural Production ; Economic Growth ; Global Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Income ; International Poverty Lines ; Local Poverty Lines ; Measures ; National Poverty ; Poor ; Poor Living ; Population Policies ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The authors provide new evidence on the extent to which absolute poverty has urbanized in the developing world, and the role that population urbanization has played in overall poverty reduction. They find that one-quarter of the world's consumption poor live in urban areas and that the proportion has been rising over time. By fostering economic growth, urbanization helped reduce absolute poverty in the aggregate but did little for urban poverty. Over 1993-2002, the count of the
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin How Relevant Is Targeting To The Success of An Antipoverty Program ?
    Keywords: Administrative Costs ; Cash Transfers ; Counterfactual ; Household Income ; Political Economy ; Political Support ; Poor ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Targeting ; Administrative Costs ; Cash Transfers ; Counterfactual ; Household Income ; Political Economy ; Political Support ; Poor ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Targeting ; Administrative Costs ; Cash Transfers ; Counterfactual ; Household Income ; Political Economy ; Political Support ; Poor ; Poverty Impact Evaluation ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Public Spending ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Targeting
    Abstract: Policy-oriented discussions often assume that "better targeting" implies larger impacts on poverty or more cost-effective interventions. The literature on the economics of targeting warns against that assumption, but evidence has been scarce. The paper begins with a critical review of the strengths and weaknesses of the targeting measures found in practice. It then exploits an unusually large micro data set for China to estimate aggregate and local-level poverty impacts of the country's main urban antipoverty program. Standard measures of targeting are found to be uninformative, or even deceptive, about impacts on poverty and cost-effectiveness in reducing poverty. In program design and evaluation, it would be better to focus directly on the program's outcomes for poor people than to rely on prevailing measures of targeting
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (47 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Ferreira, Francisco H.G Poverty Reduction Without Economic Growth ?
    Keywords: Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security ; Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security ; Agricultural Growth ; Economic Growth ; Human Capital ; Human Development ; Inequality ; Poor ; Poverty Dynamics ; Poverty Reduction ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Social Assistance ; Social Security
    Abstract: Brazil's slow pace of poverty reduction over the last two decades reflects both low growth and a low growth elasticity of poverty reduction. Using GDP data disaggregated by state and sector for a twenty-year period, this paper finds considerable variation in the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth-across sectors, across space, and over time. Growth in the services sector was substantially more poverty-reducing than was growth in either agriculture or industry. Growth in industry had very different effects on poverty across different states and its impact varied with initial conditions related to human development and worker empowerment. The determinants of poverty reduction changed around 1994: positive growth rates and a greater (absolute) elasticity with respect to agricultural growth contributed to faster poverty reduction. But because there was so little of it, economic growth played a relatively small role in accounting for Brazil's poverty reduction between 1985 and 2004. The taming of hyperinflation (in 1994) and substantial expansions in social security and social assistance transfers, beginning in 1988, accounted for a larger share of the overall reduction in poverty
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Glasgow : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821368567 , 9780821368572 , 9780821368565
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 atlas (144 p.)) , col. ill., col. maps , 25 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.9/0022/3
    Keywords: Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development Statistics ; Economic indicators Maps ; Environmental indicators Maps ; Globalization Statistics ; Population Maps ; Social indicators Maps ; Economic development ; Economic indicators ; Environmental indicators ; Globalization ; Population ; Social indicators
    Description / Table of Contents: Classification of economies -- Rich and poor -- People -- Education -- Health -- Economy -- Environment -- Statistics.
    Note: "[Copyright] ... International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank; design [copyright] HarperCollins Publishers"--T.p. verso , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 65
    ISBN: 0821371738 , 0821371746 , 9780821371732 , 9780821371749
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xviii, 329 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 201/.76
    Keywords: Economic development Religious aspects ; Poverty ; Religion and social problems ; Economic development Religious aspects ; Poverty ; Religion and social problems ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Religious aspects ; Religion and social problems
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 315-317) and index
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  • 66
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821369296 , 082136930X , 0821370308 , 9780821369296 , 9780821369302 , 9780821370308
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 25 cm
    Edition: Rev. ed
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Keywords: Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Description / Table of Contents: Background and context -- Globalization and poverty -- Trade -- Finance -- Aid -- Migration/with Andrew L. Beath -- Ideas -- Toward a policy agenda.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3835
    Parallel Title: John, Patrick The urban unbanked in Mexico and the United States
    Keywords: Low-income consumers ; Low-income consumers ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Poor ; Low-income consumers ; Low-income consumers ; Microfinance ; Microfinance ; Poor ; Poor
    Abstract: "This paper examines the ways in which lower-income households obtain basic financial services in urban communities in Mexico and the United States. And it discusses the efforts that private sector and government organizations are making to lower the cost or improve the quality of those services. The paper summarizes available information on these issues and assesses the rationale and challenges facing the strategies that both countries are using to improve the financial services available to lower-income households, giving particular attention to "unbanked" households, meaning households that do not have deposit accounts with any regulated deposit-taking institution, and also to lower-income households in large urban areas. In comparing the experiences of the two countries, the paper reviews the extent to which lower-income households are unbanked, their use of non-bank financial services, and strategies for improving financial services to the unbanked. The underlying differences between the countries' typical household incomes-national income per capita in Mexico in 2002 was US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3931
    Parallel Title: Lopez, J. Humberto Did growth become less pro-poor in the 1990s ?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic history 1990- ; Equality ; Income distribution ; Economic development ; Economic history 1990- ; Equality ; Income distribution
    Abstract: "The author analyzes the stability of the empirical relationship between growth and changes in inequality over time. He concludes that while during the 1970s and 1980s the growth process was not accompanied by increases in inequality, during the 1990s a positive and significant correlation appears in the data. For this decade, he estimates that a 1 percent growth rate would be associated with an increase in the gini coefficient of between .3 to .5 percent. This positive correlation is hidden when one estimates the model without allowing for changes in the relationship over the different decades. The finding is robust to a number of departures from the basic specification including: (1) the use of alternative specifications to isolate decadal shifts; (2) the use of robust estimation techniques that address the potential influence of outliers; (3) restricting the sample to a balanced panel for the 1980s and 1990s to control for changes in the composition of the sample related to the unbalanced nature of the panel; and (4) considering the possibility of fixed effects in the data. The author also explores the impact of this structural change in the rate of poverty reduction and concludes that it is far from negligible. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/30/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 69
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (34 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Chaudhuri, Shubham Partially Awakened Giants
    Keywords: Absolute Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Farm Production ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Poor ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Farm Production ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Poor ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Absolute Poverty ; Economic Growth ; Farm Production ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Household Survey ; Human Capital ; Income ; Income Inequality ; Inequality ; Inequality ; Poor ; Population Policies ; Poverty ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Measures ; Poverty Reduction ; Pro-Poor Growth ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The paper examines the ways in which recent economic growth has been uneven in China and India and what this has meant for inequality and poverty. Drawing on analyses based on existing household survey data and aggregate data from official sources, the authors show that growth has indeed been uneven-geographically, sectorally, and at the household level-and that this has meant uneven progress against poverty, less poverty reduction than might have been achieved had growth been more balanced, and an increase in income inequality. The paper then examines why growth was uneven and why this should be of concern. The discussion is structured around the idea that there are both "good" and "bad" inequalities-drivers and dimensions of inequality and uneven growth that are good or bad in terms of what they imply for both equity and long-term growth and development. The authors argue that the development paths of both China and India have been influenced by, and have generated, both types of inequalities and that while good inequalities-most notably those that reflect the role of economic incentives-have been critical to the growth experience thus far, there is a risk that bad inequalities-those that prevent individuals from connecting to markets and limit investment and accumulation of human capital and physical capital-may undermine the sustainability of growth in the coming years. The authors argue that policies are needed that preserve the good inequalities-continued incentives for innovation and investment-but reduce the scope for bad ones, notably through investments in human capital and rural infrastructure that help the poor connect to markets
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3861
    Parallel Title: Baker, Judy L Integrated urban upgrading for the poor
    Keywords: Community development ; Low-income housing ; Poor ; Community development ; Low-income housing ; Poor
    Abstract: "This study looks at the experience of integrated urban upgrading in a low-income neighborhood of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Infrastructure and social investments have been made in the community through a government program, with community participation playing a major role in the design and implementation. This approach is now perceived to be highly successful in terms of its implementation and positive impact on living conditions, and will provide the basis for a major state-wide program. This paper analyzes the lessons learned from the experience, with implications for scaling up as well as applications for other urban upgrading programs. Among the key issues looked at are: (1) what has worked well with the integrated urban upgrading approach and what has not; (2) how cost-effective the interventions were; (3) institutional arrangements given the multi-sectoral approach; and (4) sustainability issues of financing, tenure security, the prevention of further slum expansion, operations and maintenance, environmental sustainability, and job creation, and how they will impact on the poor over time. Key findings point to the importance of community participation, clear roles and responsibilities in institutional arrangements, the need for strong local government participation, and the high costs and challenges of providing housing for the poor. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 71
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3882
    Parallel Title: Busse, Matthias Foreign direct investment, regulations, and growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Investments, Foreign ; Economic development ; Investments, Foreign
    Abstract: "This paper explores the linkage between income growth rates and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. So far the evidence is rather mixed, as no robust relationship between FDI and income growth has been established. The authors argue that countries need a sound business environment in the form of good government regulations to be able to benefit from FDI. Using a comprehensive data set for regulations, they test this hypothesis and find evidence that excessive regulations restrict growth through FDI only in the most regulated economies. This result holds true for different specifications of the econometric model, including instrumental variable regressions. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/19/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3805
    Parallel Title: Wang, Youjuan Di bao
    Keywords: Guaranteed annual income ; Poor ; Guaranteed annual income ; Poor
    Abstract: "Concerns about incentives and targeting naturally arise when cash transfers are used to fight poverty. The authors address these concerns in the context of China's Di Bao program, which uses means-tested transfers to try to assure that no registered urban resident has an income below a stipulated poverty line. There is little sign in the data of poverty traps due to high benefit withdrawal rates. Targeting performance is excellent by various measures. Di Bao appears to be better targeted than any other program in the developing world. However, all but one measure of targeting performance is found to be uninformative, or even deceptive, about impacts on poverty. The authors find that the majority of the poor are not receiving help, even with a generous allowance for measurement errors. While on paper, Di Bao would eliminate urban poverty, it falls well short of that ideal in practice. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 1/10/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3841
    Parallel Title: Nicita, Alessandro Export led growth, pro-poor or not?
    Keywords: Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry ; Globalization ; Job creation ; Poor ; Textile industry
    Abstract: "Madagascar's textile and apparel industry has been among the fastest growing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Fueled by low labor costs, a fairly productive labor force, and preferential access to industrial countries, Madagascar's exports of textile and apparel products grew from about US
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/7/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3859
    Parallel Title: Dixit, Avinash K Evaluating recipes for development success
    Keywords: Economic development ; Economic policy ; Economic development ; Economic policy
    Abstract: "This paper provides a review of the contradictions and conflicts in the literature on economic governance and sketches an approach to use some of the conceptual and empirical findings from that literature for development policy. The literature offers conflicting conclusions on big questions: whether history and geography preordain a country's economic fate, whether democracy or authoritarianism promotes growth; whether informal or formal mechanisms are best; whether "big bang" or gradual transitions promote growth; and whether disasters and demographics are stumbling blocks or stepping stones. The author finds recipes for success that are infeasible, contradictory and shifting, and that ignore the role of luck in development policy. While the researcher may ask, "What creates success on average across countries?" the policymaker needs to know, "What is going wrong in this country and how can we put it right?" The author suggests a preliminary approach to combine the practitioner's detailed knowledge of country conditions with the broader patterns uncovered by scholars, building on "growth diagnostics" that identify binding constraints to development. But he shifts from the sequential "decision tree" framework to a more directly "diagnostic" approach that recognizes that policymakers must deal with many factors simultaneously. The framework he suggests combines empirical information on potential causes, estimates of their probabilities, and observed effects. He proposes this framework as the foundation, not for another recipe, but for a broader mode of thought to tackle the complexity and variance in development processes and patterns across countries and time-one country at a time. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/8/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 75
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3834
    Parallel Title: Manroth, Astrid Access to financial services in Colombia
    Keywords: Financial services industry ; Poor ; Financial services industry ; Poor
    Abstract: "The authors look at the depth of the financial sector in Bogota in terms of the "financial exclusion" of those, particularly poorer citizens, who operate without accounts in formal financial institutions-the unbanked. They begin with a review of the overall decline in financial intermediation from 1998 to 2003, which explains, in part, the high percentage of unbanked-61 percent in a recent household survey in Bogota. The authors next look at the banking system today, concluding that the present challenge is to increase financial intermediation overall, especially with the poor. Their analysis shows that Colombia's banks provide costly services mainly catered toward high-income clients. Existing fees and costs of checking, savings, and loan services average 5-10 percent of a monthly minimum wage, making them hard to afford for low-income clients. The authors also explore the characteristics and impacts of financial exclusion associated with lower and more uncertain incomes, lower education, and closer links to the informal sector. They cite the household survey conducted in Bogota, showing that 70 percent of the unbanked earn less than one minimum wage per month, are three times more likely to be unemployed than the banked, and have lower education levels. The unbanked save and borrow largely in the informal sector, at greater risk and greater cost. At the same time, however, high home ownership rates show that the unbanked have the capacity to build assets, demonstrating that they have "bankable" characteristics. The authors conclude with recommendations for government and for the financial sector to broaden access for the benefit of public and private sectors, and for the unbanked. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 2/6/2006 , Also available in print.
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 online resource (45 p.))
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Parallel Title: Chen, Shaohua Are There Lasting Impacts of Aid To Poor Areas ?
    Keywords: Aid Effectiveness ; Anti-Poverty ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Community Participation ; Counterfactual ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Gains ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Failures ; Poor ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Aid Effectiveness ; Anti-Poverty ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Community Participation ; Counterfactual ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Gains ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Failures ; Poor ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor ; Aid Effectiveness ; Anti-Poverty ; Communities & Human Settlements ; Community Participation ; Counterfactual ; Debt Markets ; Economic Growth ; Economic Theory and Research ; Extreme Poverty ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Literacy ; Household Survey ; Housing and Human Habitats ; Income ; Income Gains ; Inequality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Failures ; Poor ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Development ; Rural Poverty Reduction ; Services and Transfers to Poor
    Abstract: The paper revisits the site of a large, World Bank-financed, rural development program in China 10 years after it began and four years after disbursements ended. The program emphasized community participation in multi-sectoral interventions (including farming, animal husbandry, infrastructure and social services). Data were collected on 2,000 households in project and nonproject areas, spanning 10 years. A double-difference estimator of the program's impact (on top of pre-existing governmental programs) reveals sizeable short-term income gains that were mostly saved. Only modest gains to mean consumption emerged in the longer term-in rough accord with the gain to permanent income. Certain types of households gained more than others. The educated poor were under-covered by the community-based selection process-greatly reducing overall impact. The main results are robust to corrections for various sources of selection bias, including village targeting and interference due to spillover effects generated by the response of local governments to the external aid
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 0821362747 , 9780821362747
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xix, 308 p) , ill , 24 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 337
    Keywords: Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization Economic aspects ; Globalization Economic aspects ; International economic relations ; International trade ; Poverty ; Capital movements ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Economic policy ; Emigration and immigration ; Globalization ; Globalization ; International economic relations ; Economic aspects ; Economic aspects ; International trade ; Developing countries ; Poverty
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 265-284) and index
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3547
    Parallel Title: Lokshin, Michael Who bears the cost of Russia's military draft?
    Keywords: Draft Economic aspects ; Poor ; Draft Economic aspects ; Poor
    Abstract: "The authors use data from a large nationally representative survey in Russia to analyze the distributional and welfare implications of draft avoidance as a common response to Russia's highly unpopular conscription system. They develop a simple theoretical model that describes household compliance decisions with respect to enlistment. The authors use several econometric techniques to estimate the effect of various household characteristics on the probability of serving in the army and the implications for household income. Their results indicate that the burden of conscription falls disproportionately on the poor. Poor, rural households, with a low level of education, are more likely to have sons who are enlisted than urban, wealthy, and better-educated families. The losses incurred by the poor are disproportionately large and exceed the statutory rates of personal income taxes. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/12/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3551
    Parallel Title: Palmade, Vincent Industry level analysis
    Keywords: Economic development ; Industries ; Service industries ; Economic development ; Industries ; Service industries
    Abstract: "There are many economic diagnostic tools available which are trying to identify the constraints to economic growth in a given country. Unfortunately these tools tend to provide inconclusive and often conflicting answers as to what the most important constraints are. Even more worrisome, they tend to overlook the many industry-specific policy and enforcement issues which, collectively, have been found to be the most important constraints to economic growth. This is the key finding from more than 10 years of economic research by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI). The MGI Country studies have been uniquely based on the in-depth analysis of a representative sample of industries where clear causality links could be established between factors in the firms' external environment and their behavior, in particular through the analysis of competitive dynamics. They showed in detail how industry-specific policy and enforcement issues were the main constraints to private investment and fair competition-the two drivers of productivity and thus economic growth. This finding implies that governments and international financial institutions should rely on in-depth industry level analysis to uncover product market competition issues and set reform priorities. These analyses should include the often overlooked but critically important domestic service sectors such as retail and housing construction. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 4/7/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3580
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin On the contribution of demographic change to aggregate poverty measures for the developing world
    Keywords: Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor ; Fertility, Human ; Mortality ; Poor
    Abstract: "Recent literature and new data help determine plausible bounds to some key demographic differences between the poor and non-poor in the developing world. The author estimates that selective mortality-whereby poorer people tend to have higher death rates-accounts for 10-30 percent of the developing world's trend rate of
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 5/11/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3659
    Parallel Title: Honohan, Patrick Banking sector crises and inequality
    Keywords: Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Financial crises ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Abstract: "An apparent temporary narrowing of income inequality has been observed during several recent banking crises. But it would be a mistake to conclude that such crises don't matter for the poor. For one thing, the correlation is not strong, and the opposite pattern has also been present. Besides, the poor are much less able to absorb a cut in income: safety-net policies are crucial during a downturn even if the gap between rich and poor has temporarily narrowed. More fundamentally, distributional shifts during the crisis may be less important than the fact that underlying financial policy and infrastructures conducive to crisis can also be associated with more unequal societies."--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 82
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3763
    Parallel Title: Chang, Roberto Openness can be good for growth
    Keywords: Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market ; Economic development ; Free trade ; Labor market
    Abstract: "The authors study how the effect of trade openness on economic growth depends on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated with a simple Harris-Todaro model where output gains after trade liberalization depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. In that model, trade protection may ameliorate the problem of underemployment (and underproduction) in sectors affected by labor market distortions. Hence, trade liberalization unambiguously increases per capita income only when labor markets are sufficiently flexible. The authors then present some panel evidence on how the growth effect of openness depends on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, they use a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor-market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. They find that the growth effects of openness are positive and economically significant if certain complementary reforms are undertaken. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 11/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 83
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3631
    Parallel Title: Kraay, Aart Poverty traps, aid, and growth
    Keywords: Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Poverty ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Poverty
    Abstract: "The authors examine the empirical evidence in support of the poverty trap view of underdevelopment. They calibrate simple aggregate growth models in which poverty traps can arise due to either low saving or low technology at low levels of development. They then use these models to assess the empirical relevance of poverty traps and their consequences for policy. The authors find little evidence of the existence of poverty traps based on these two broad mechanisms. When put to the task of explaining the persistence of low income in African countries, the models require either unreasonable values for key parameters, or else generate counterfactual predictions regarding the relations between key variables. These results call into question the view that a large scaling-up of aid to the poorest countries is a necessary condition for sharp and sustained increases in growth. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 84
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3677
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Inequality is bad for the poor
    Keywords: Income distribution ; Poor ; Poverty ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Poverty
    Abstract: "It has been argued that inequality should be of little concern in poor countries on the grounds that (1) absolute poverty in terms of consumption (or income) is the overriding issue in poor countries, and (2) the only thing that really matters to reducing absolute income poverty is the rate of economic growth. The author takes (1) as given but questions (2). He argues that there are a number of ways in which the extent of inequality in a society, and how it evolves over time, influences the extent of poverty today and the prospects for rapid poverty reduction in the future. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/18/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 85
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3740
    Parallel Title: Lindelow, Magnus Health shocks in China
    Keywords: Health insurance ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medical economics ; Poor ; Health insurance ; Medical care, Cost of ; Medical economics ; Poor
    Abstract: "Health shocks have been shown to have important economic consequences in industrial countries. Less is known about how health shocks affect income, consumption, labor market outcomes, and medical expenditures in middle- and low-income countries. The authors explore these issues in China. In addition to providing new evidence on the general impact of health shocks, they also extend previous work by assessing the extent of risk protection afforded by formal health insurance, and by examining differences in the impact of health shocks between the rich and poor. The authors find that health shocks are associated with a substantial and significant reduction in income and labor supply. There are indications that the impact on income is less important for the insured, possibly because health insurance coverage is also associated with limited sickness insurance, but the effect is not significant. They also find evidence that negative health shocks are associated with an increase in unearned income for the poor but not the non-poor. This effect is however not strong enough to offset the impact on overall income. The loss in income is a consequence of a reduction in labor supply for the head of household, and the authors do not find evidence that other household members compensate by increasing their labor supply. Finally, negative health shocks are associated with a significant increase in out-of-pocket health care expenditures. More surprisingly, there is some evidence that the increase is greater for the insured than the uninsured. The findings suggest that households are exposed to considerable health-related shocks to disposable income, both through loss of income and health expenditures, and that health insurance offers very limited protection. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/4/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3627
    Parallel Title: Kenny, Charles Reforming the posts
    Keywords: Poor ; Postal service ; Poor ; Postal service
    Abstract: "The monopoly-supported universal service obligation (USO) is usually defended on the grounds that the monopoly allows for cross-subsidy in letter services that in turn allows universal access to a service of great importance to all. The author argues that letter delivery (as opposed to other services that may be provided by post offices) is not in universal demand in poor countries, that the size of the market in developing countries is such that USOs could not be met under the monopoly model, and that the monopoly carries heavy costs for sector development and consumer welfare. He proposes in the place of the postal USO a competitive approach involving universal access to a range of services that poor people have a need to access. Regarding reform of the incumbent, the author takes a preliminary first cut at examining the statistical relationship between postal performance (as measured by letters per capita allowing for income per capita), trust in the postal service, and postal efficiency, and finds a significant link between the three. The results suggest that reforms that improve postal efficiency and trust in the postal network will improve the performance of the postal network. The author suggests that there may be better uses of cross-subsidy from within the sector and government subsidy from without than supporting the inefficient delivery of a service rarely used by poor people. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/23/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3630
    Parallel Title: Kaufmann, Daniel Governance matters IV
    Keywords: Economic development ; Political corruption ; Political stability ; Public administration ; Economic development ; Political corruption ; Political stability ; Public administration
    Abstract: "The authors present the latest update of their aggregate governance indicators, together with new analysis of several issues related to the use of these measures. The governance indicators measure the following six dimensions of governance: (1) voice and accountability; (2) political instability and violence; (3) government effectiveness; (4) regulatory quality; (5) rule of law, and (6) control of corruption. They cover 209 countries and territories for 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2004. They are based on several hundred individual variables measuring perceptions of governance, drawn from 37 separate data sources constructed by 31 organizations. The authors present estimates of the six dimensions of governance for each period, as well as margins of error capturing the range of likely values for each country. These margins of error are not unique to perceptions-based measures of governance, but are an important feature of all efforts to measure governance, including objective indicators. In fact, the authors give examples of how individual objective measures provide an incomplete picture of even the quite particular dimensions of governance that they are intended to measure. The authors also analyze in detail changes over time in their estimates of governance; provide a framework for assessing the statistical significance of changes in governance; and suggest a simple rule of thumb for identifying statistically significant changes in country governance over time. The ability to identify significant changes in governance over time is much higher for aggregate indicators than for any individual indicator. While the authors find that the quality of governance in a number of countries has changed significantly (in both directions), they also provide evidence suggesting that there are no trends, for better or worse, in global averages of governance. Finally, they interpret the strong observed correlation between income and governance, and argue against recent efforts to apply a discount to governance performance in low-income countries. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/22/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3784
    Parallel Title: Diop, Ndiame Trade costs, export development, and poverty in Rwanda
    Keywords: Exports ; Poor ; Exports ; Poor ; Rwanda Commerce ; Rwanda Commerce
    Abstract: "For Rwanda, one of the poorest countries in the world, trade offers the most effective route for substantial poverty reduction. But the poor in Rwanda, most of whom are subsistence farmers in rural areas, are currently disconnected from markets and commercial activities by extremely high transport costs and by severe constraints on their ability to shift out of subsistence farming. The constraints include lack of access to credit and lack of access to information on the skills and techniques required to produce commercial crops. The paper is based on information from the household survey and a recent diagnostic study of constraints to trade in Rwanda. It provides a number of indicative simulations that show the potential for substantial reductions in poverty from initiatives that reduce trade costs, enhance the quality of exportable goods, and facilitate movement out of subsistence into commercial activities. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 12/2/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 89
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3733
    Parallel Title: Calderán, César Does openness imply greater exposure ?
    Keywords: Economic development ; Financial crises ; International economic integration ; Economic development ; Financial crises ; International economic integration
    Abstract: "External exposure can be measured by the sensitivity of first and second moments of economic growth to openness and foreign shocks. This paper provides an empirical evaluation of external exposure using panel data methods for a worldwide sample of countries. Controlling for domestic conditions, the paper examines the growth and volatility effects of outcome measures of trade and financial integration, as well as four types of foreign shocks: terms of trade changes, trading partners' growth rates, international real interest rate changes, and net regional capital inflows. The paper analyzes the possibility of nonlinearities by allowing the growth and volatility effects of openness to vary with the general level of economic development and by letting the effects of foreign shocks depend on the degree of trade and financial integration. The findings point toward strong non-monotonic effects of openness and external shocks on growth and volatility. Moreover, all in all, the results contradict the view that international integration increases external vulnerability by hurting growth and increasing volatility or by amplifying the adverse effect of external shocks. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/30/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 90
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3738
    Parallel Title: Cororaton, Caesar B Doha scenarios, trade reforms, and poverty in the Philippines
    Keywords: Equilibrium (Economics) ; Free trade ; Poor ; Equilibrium (Economics) ; Free trade ; Poor ; Philippines Commercial policy ; Philippines Commercial policy
    Abstract: "Since the early 1980s the Philippines has undertaken substantial trade reform. The current Doha Round of World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations is now likely to bring further reform and shocks to world import prices and export demand. The impact of all these developments on the poor is not very clear and is the subject of intense debate. The authors use a detailed economywide computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to run a series of policy experiments. They find that poverty increases slightly with the implementation of the prospective Doha scenario. These effects are focused primarily among rural households in the wake of falling world prices and demand for the Philippines' agricultural exports. The authors find that the impacts of full liberalization-involving free world trade and complete domestic liberalization-depend strongly on the mechanism the government adopts to offset forgone tariff revenue. If an indirect tax is used, the incidence of poverty falls marginally, but the depth (poverty gap) and severity (squared poverty gap) increase substantially. If, instead, an income tax is used, all measures of poverty increase. In both cases, full liberalization favors urban households, as exports, which are primarily nonagricultural, expand. In separate simulations, the authors discover that free world trade is poverty reducing and favors rural households, whereas domestic liberalization is poverty increasing and favors urban households. Under free world trade, rural households benefit from increasing world agricultural demand. The anti-rural bias of domestic liberalization stems from the fact that import prices fall more for agricultural goods than for industrial goods, as initial import-weighted average tariff rates are higher for the former. In conclusion, the current Doha agreement appears likely to slightly increase poverty, especially in rural areas and among the unemployed, self-employed, and rural low-educated. The Philippines is found to have an interest in pushing for more ambitious world trade liberalization, as free world trade holds out promise for reducing poverty. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/4/2005 , Also available in print.
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  • 91
    ISBN: 082136247X , 0821362488 , 9780821362471
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxv, 146 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 201/.73
    Keywords: Church and social problems Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic development Congresses ; Church and social problems Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic development Congresses ; Church and social problems ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Konferenzschrift
    Note: "Book comes out of the fourth meeting of faith and development leaders, held January 31 and February 1, 2005, in Dublin, Ireland"--P. 141 , Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-146)
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821360973
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 245 p) , ill., col. maps , 28 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: World Bank Latin American and Caribbean studies
    DDC: 338.98/009173/4
    Keywords: Economic development ; Regional planning ; Regional planning ; Rural development ; Rural development ; Economic development ; Regional planning ; Regional planning ; Rural development ; Rural development ; Economic development ; Regional planning ; Regional planning ; Rural development ; Rural development ; Caribbean Area ; Caribbean Area ; Latin America ; Latin America ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Caribbean Area Rural conditions ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Rural conditions ; Caribbean Area Economic conditions 21st century ; Caribbean Area Rural conditions ; Latin America Economic conditions 21st century ; Latin America Rural conditions
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-245)
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  • 93
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821360418
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xiv, 350 p) , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 332.1/532
    Keywords: World Bank ; World Bank ; Economic development ; International finance ; Economic development ; International finance ; World Bank ; Economic development ; International finance ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821360671 , 082136068X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xxvi, 197 p) , ill , 23 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    DDC: 338.1/09172/4
    Keywords: Agricultural assistance ; Agricultural development projects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Agricultural assistance ; Agricultural development projects ; Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture and state ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Agricultural assistance ; Agricultural development projects ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and state ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-184) and index
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  • 95
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC : World Bank
    ISBN: 0821360132
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (xvi, 273 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    DDC: 338.91
    Keywords: Conditionality (International relations) Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses Political aspects ; Economic development Congresses Finance ; Loans, Foreign Congresses Political aspects ; Conditionality (International relations) Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses ; Economic assistance Congresses Political aspects ; Economic development Congresses Finance ; Loans, Foreign Congresses Political aspects ; Conditionality (International relations) ; Economic assistance ; Economic assistance ; Economic development ; Loans, Foreign ; Konferenzschrift
    Note: "This book originated in the Development Policy Forum 'Conditionality Revisited' hosted by the World Bank's OPCS Country Economics Group in Paris on July 5, 2004"--Verso t.p , Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 96
    ISBN: 082135616X
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (vii, 162 p) , ill , 26 cm
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive
    Keywords: Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor Congresses Developing countries ; Poverty Congresses Developing countries ; Public-private sector cooperation Congresses ; Poor ; Poverty ; Public-private sector cooperation ; Developing countries ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy ; Developing countries Congresses Social policy
    Note: "The articles in this volume were presented at the fifth annual Berlin Workshop, held in July 2002"--P. 1 , Introduction , Making service work for poor people: a scholar's perspective , Why is a World Development Report on making services work for poor people needed? , Poverty in Russia , The role of altruistically motivated organizations in making services work for poor people ; The experience of the private not-for-profit health sector in Uganda , Basic services: a basic right , The Madrasa Early Childhood Programme in East Africa , The role of the private sector ; Evidence from a study of vouchers for private schooling in Colombia , The rural private practicioner , The role of local governments ; Delivering infrastructure: a strategic framework , Employment of farmers and poverty alleviation in China , Incentives and innovations ; Getting health services to the poor: incentives, efficiency, and health system performance , Bolivia's plan for achieving education for all goals , Rushing to help the poor through participation many be self-defeating , Modes of financing ; Tanzania's experience with education , How aid modalities influence the effectiveness of public expenditures in developing countries: a bilateral donor perspective , Financing development , Conclusion: making services work for poor people
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3185
    Parallel Title: Foster, Vivien Does infrastructure reform work for the poor?
    Keywords: Infrastructure (Economics) Government policy ; Poor ; Privatization ; Infrastructure (Economics) Government policy ; Poor ; Privatization
    Note: "January 7, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on January 7, 2004 , Also available in print.
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  • 98
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3243
    Parallel Title: Ravallion, Martin Competing concepts of inequality in the globalization debate
    Keywords: Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor ; Equality ; Globalization ; Income distribution ; Poor
    Note: "March 17, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 17, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3250
    Parallel Title: Keefer, Philip What does political economy tell us about economic development and vice versa?
    Keywords: Decision making ; Economic development ; Separation of powers ; Decision making ; Economic development ; Separation of powers
    Note: "March 18, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on March 18, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3285
    Parallel Title: Chen, Derek Hung Chiat Gender equality and economic development
    Keywords: Economic development ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects ; Women in development ; Women's rights ; Economic development ; Information technology Social aspects ; Telecommunication Social aspects ; Women in development ; Women's rights
    Note: "April 21, 2004 , Includes bibliographical references , Title from title screen as viewed on May 11, 2004 , Also available in print.
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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