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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (107)
  • 2015-2019  (107)
  • Paris : OECD  (107)
  • Education  (68)
  • OECD-Staaten  (53)
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  • 1
    ISBN: 9789264943483
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (156 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Colombia ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation: Going Digital in Colombia analyses recent developments of the digital economy in the country, reviews policies related to digitalisation and makes recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area. The report examines recent developments in infrastructures for the digital economy, telecom markets and related regulations and policies in Colombia. It reviews trends in the use of digital technologies by individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. The report also examines opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation for production, innovation, jobs and skills. The report reconsiders these policies in relation to their coherence among different domains and in order to foster synergies across government ministries, levels and institutions, based on the integrated policy framework of the OECD's Going Digital: Making the Transformation Work for Growth and Well-being project.
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789264313873 , 9789264789197 , 9789264889569
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International summit on the teaching profession
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schleicher, Andreas, 1964 - Helping our youngest to learn and grow
    Keywords: Frühkindliche Bildung ; Kinderbetreuungseinrichtung ; Grundschule ; Education ; Kind ; Vorschulerziehung ; Grundschulunterricht
    Abstract: This report discusses policies and practices that shape quality and equity in early childhood education and care. It examines how the work environment, including the educational background of staff, and the policies that shape teaching approaches affect the quality of the education provided to our youngest learners. The book concludes with an overview of current thinking about how young children use, and are affected by, information and communication technologies (ICT). Linking the way children interact with ICT inside of school to the way they already use it outside of school could be the key to unlocking technology’s potential for learning. Children learn at a faster rate during the first five years of their life than at any other time, developing cognitive, and social and emotional skills that are fundamental to their future achievements and well-being throughout childhood and as adults. Despite compelling evidence that high quality early childhood education and care programmes can make a crucial difference to children’s progress through school and success in adult life, large differences in access to and the quality of these programmes persist within and across countries.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264309791 , 9789264309814 , 9789264309807
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Flanders
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Flandern ; Education ; Employment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Flandern ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Better skills policies help build economic resilience, boost employment and reinforce social cohesion. The OECD Skills Strategy provides countries with a framework to analyse their skills strengths and challenges. Each OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic report reflects a set of skills challenges identified by broad stakeholder engagement and OECD comparative evidence while offering concrete examples of how other countries have tackled similar skills challenges. These reports tackle questions such as: How can countries maximise their skills potential? How can they improve their performance in developing relevant skills, activating skills supply and using skills effectively? What is the benefit of a whole-of-government approach to skills? How can governments build stronger partnerships with employers, trade unions, teachers and students to deliver better skills outcomes? OECD Skills Strategy diagnostic reports provide new insights into these questions and help identify the core components of successful skills strategies. This report is part of the OECD’s ongoing work on building effective national and local skills strategies.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789264313071
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (137 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kuczera, Małgorzata Vocational education and training in Sweden
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Schweden ; Education ; Employment ; Sweden
    Abstract: One of a series of studies on vocational education and training, this review focuses on the vocational education and training (VET) in Sweden and concludes with policy recommendations. Over recent years, Sweden has launched a series of reforms to enhance involvement of social partners in VET, to increase provision of work-based learning in VET programmes and to promote apprenticeship. Higher vocational education and training launched in 2002 has been expanding. At the same time, numerous sectors are grappling with labour shortages increasing pressure on VET to better match the provision to changing demand for skills; and fewer young people opt for VET programmes than in the past. This report suggests several ways in which the Swedish VET system may respond to these challenges. Sweden may encourage co-operation between schools, for example by linking it to school evaluation and funding criteria. The report also argues that Sweden may further enhance social partners’ involvement in VET by creating a framework for systematic social partners’ involvement at the local level and by providing social partners with more responsibility over some aspects of VET.
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  • 5
    ISBN: 9789264313095
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Musset, Pauline Vocational education and training in Estonia
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Estland ; Education ; Employment ; Estonia ; Estland ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: One of a series of studies on vocational education and training, this review assesses the vocational education and training (VET) in Estonia and provides policy recommendations. Estonia does very well in terms of student achievement on PISA, and the results from the Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) are also excellent. Unemployment levels are low. But despite recent reforms, VET remains relatively low status compared to general education, dropout rates are too high for comfort, and apprenticeships, despite recent efforts, fail to attract many young people. Suggested approaches to improve VET in Estonia include the expansion of work-based learning within all VET programmes and measures to increase the number of apprentices. Tackling dropout should be done by a set of complementary measures, including support in basic skills for those students lagging behind. Building pathways between VET and general education options can help improve the status of VET. More and better career guidance, especially before the key grade 9 transition point, is also needed.
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789264304888
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (124 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging employers and developing skills at the local level in Australia
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Kommunalpolitik ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Australien ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Australia
    Abstract: Local vocational education and training programmes serve as a valuable educational pathway to improve the transition from school to work. Within the VET system, quality apprenticeship programmes can provide employers with a skilled workforce that is more agile in a rapidly evolving global economy while also supporting new employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups. This report focuses on how to better engage employers in apprenticeship and other work-based skills development programmes aligned with growing sectors of the local economy. A key part of this report was the implementation of an employer-based survey, which gathered information from over 300 Australian employers about their skills needs and barriers to apprenticeship participation. The report also provides information on four case studies, including Sydney Metro and STEMship in New South Wales, Collective Education in Tasmania, and the Dream, Believe, Achieve programme in Queensland. The case studies demonstrate how local organisations are building stronger business-education partnerships.
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264309432 , 9789264311558 , 9789264311565
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (222 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Higher education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education in Mexico
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Bildungsertrag ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Absolventen ; Mexiko ; Education ; Employment ; Mexico
    Abstract: Half a million higher education graduates enter the labour market every year in Mexico. While their labour market outcomes are considerably better on average than those of upper secondary education graduates, some higher education graduates face periods of inactivity and unemployment. Many graduates who find work end up being over-qualified or working in the informal sector. This report finds that the Mexican higher education system needs to be better aligned with the labour market to help students develop the skills employers seek. Students need better support to succeed in their higher education studies and develop labour market relevant skills, which will help facilitate their achievement of good outcomes in the workforce. This calls for a comprehensive whole-of-government approach and the involvement of all higher education stakeholders. The report proposes a set of policy recommendations to address these issues and help Mexican higher education graduates achieve better outcomes in the labour market. The report was developed as part of the OECD Enhancing Higher Education System Performance project and is a companion to the OECD report, The Future of Mexican Higher Education: Promoting Quality and Equity, which focuses on broader issues in higher education, including governance, funding, quality and equity, as well as two key sectors of higher education: teacher education colleges and professional and technical institutions.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 53
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.53
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Management ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; Entwicklungsländer ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: What have we learned from implementing results-based management in development co-operation organisations? What progress and benefits can be seen? What are the main challenges and unintended consequences? Are there good practices to address these challenges? To respond to these questions this paper reviews and analyses the findings from various evaluations and reviews of results-based management systems conducted by members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), the OECD/DAC Results Community Secretariat and other bodies in the past four years (2015-2018). It also draws on emerging lessons from new methods for managing development co-operation results. This analytical work aims to: identify recent trends in results-based management, explore challenges faced by providers when developing their results approaches and systems, select good practices in responding to these challenges that can be useful for the OECD/DACResults Community, considering new approaches, new technologies and evolving contexts. This body of evidence will inform the development of a core set of generic guiding principles for results-based management in development co-operation.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 240 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 51
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.51
    Keywords: Entwicklungsfinanzierung ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to better understand the role that the use of blended finance in development co-operation can play in achieving the SDGs. By adopting the “Blended Finance Principles for Unlocking Commercial Finance for the SDGs” in 2017, members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee have committed to “monitor blended finance for transparency and results”. The practical implications of monitoring and evaluating blended finance are currently being explored with a view to providing further policy guidance on the implementation of such Principles. This paper contributes to the ongoing consultation process s by discussing governance and methodological challenges in blended finance evaluation and proposing a few options to deal with them. In their review of the present practice of blended finance evaluation, as of end 2018, authors identify some key issues that need to be addressed and put forth initial ideas in order to ensure that evaluations improve the knowledge base on blended operations. The paper starts with a discussion of some key management and organizational challenges that influence how blending operations are monitored and evaluated. It continues with an overview of main evaluation methodologies that could be used for blended finance evaluation and challenges associated with applying them, and it outlines the challenges of assessing additionality. The paper concludes with a summary of identified issues from a review of a sample of completed evaluations of blended finance, highlighting the methodological challenges that they reveal.
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    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 61 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 108
    Keywords: Sterblichkeit ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; European Union ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reports on trends in life expectancy in the 28 EU countries and some other high-income OECD countries, and examines potential explanations for the slowdown in improvements in recent years. The slowdown in improvements in life expectancy since 2011 has been greatest in the USA, where life expectancy has fallen in recent years, and the UK, but France, Germany, Sweden and Netherlands have also seen a sharp slowdown. Overall, the pace of mortality improvement has slowed in several EU countries and Australia and Canada since 2011. Diseases of older ages are major contributors to the slowdown. Improvements in cardiovascular (CVD) disease mortality have slowed in many countries, respiratory diseases, including influenza and pneumonia, have claimed excess lives in some winters, and deaths from dementia and Alzheimer's disease are rising. In some countries, notably the USA and the UK, mortality improvements have also slowed or even reversed among working age adults because of the rising numbers dying from drug-related accidental poisoning. The report also considers wider contributing factors. Although some risk factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, continue to decline in most EU countries, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes continues to rise. Adverse trends in inequalities could also have an impact if some population groups experience lower gains in longevity than others, thereby reducing the overall gain. Looking ahead, it is unclear whether the current slowdown in mortality improvements in some EU countries and the USA is a long-term trend or not, whether the slowdown in major killers such as CVD will persist, and whether or not the excess winter mortality seen in some years becomes a regular feature given population ageing and increasing numbers of frail, older people. The timely monitoring and investigation of mortality trends, including through international collaboration where possible, can facilitate early implementation of remedial strategies.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 11
    ISBN: 9789264311671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (335 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Measuring innovation in education 2019
    Keywords: Bildungsforschung ; Bildung ; Innovation ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Schule ; Lernen ; Innovation ; Schulleistungsmessung
    Abstract: Measuring innovation in education and understanding how it works is essential to improve the quality of the education sector. Monitoring systematically how pedagogical practices evolve would considerably increase the international education knowledge base. We need to examine whether, and how, practices are changing within classrooms and educational organisations and how students use learning resources. We should know much more about how teachers change their professional development practices, how schools change their ways to relate to parents, and, more generally, to what extent change and innovation are linked to better educational outcomes. This would help policy makers to better target interventions and resources, and get quick feedback on whether reforms do change educational practices as expected. This would enable us to better understand the role of innovation in education. This new edition of Measuring Innovation in Education examines what has (or has not) changed for students over the past decade in OECD education systems. It reviews no fewer than 150 educational practices. The report casts light on systemic innovation in primary and secondary education, with a focus on pedagogical innovation. Has the use of technology spread? Have assessments become more important in pedagogical practices? Are students given more agency in their learning? Are they still asked to memorise facts and procedures? Do teachers increasingly engage students in peer learning activities? These are some of the questions this book seeks to answer. This report also presents some preliminary findings about the links between innovation and educational performance. This book will offer precious insights to policy makers, the education community and all those who seek to understand how educational practices are evolving.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789264891500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (249 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kitchen, Hannah OECD reviews of evaluation and assessment in education
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Bildungswesen ; Bewertung ; Slowakei ; Education ; Turkey ; Türkei ; Studium ; Evaluation
    Abstract: How can assessment and evaluation policies work together more effectively to improve student outcomes in primary and secondary schools? The country reports in this series provide, from an international perspective, an independent analysis of major issues facing evaluation and assessment policy to identify improvements that can be made to enhance the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. Turkey’s education system stands out internationally as a success story. In recent decades, participation has been vastly expanded, becoming universal at lower levels of schooling and outperforming other middle-income countries in upper secondary education. However, the education system is also marked by disparities, with only around half of 15-year olds acquiring the essential competencies they need for life and work. This review, developed in co operation with UNICEF, suggests how student assessment can be used more effectively to better support all students to do well. It provides recommendations for enhancing teachers’ classroom assessments, assessing a broader range of skills through national examinations and using the new national assessment to support improvements in learning and teachers’ assessment practice.
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  • 13
    ISBN: 9789264684003
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Fostering students' creativity and critical thinking
    Keywords: Unterricht ; Lernmethode ; Lernpsychologie ; Schüler ; Kreativität ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Creativity and critical thinking are key skills for complex, globalised and increasingly digitalised economies and societies. While teachers and education policy makers consider creativity and critical thinking as important learning goals, it is still unclear to many what it means to develop these skills in a school setting. To make it more visible and tangible to practitioners, the OECD worked with networks of schools and teachers in 11 countries to develop and trial a set of pedagogical resources that exemplify what it means to teach, learn and make progress in creativity and critical thinking in primary and secondary education. Through a portfolio of rubrics and examples of lesson plans, teachers in the field gave feedback, implemented the proposed teaching strategies and documented their work. Instruments to monitor the effectiveness of the intervention in a validation study were also developed and tested, supplementing the insights on the effects of the intervention in the field provided by the team co-ordinators. What are the key elements of creativity and critical thinking? What pedagogical strategies and approaches can teachers adopt to foster them? How can school leaders support teachers' professional learning? To what extent did teachers participating in the project change their teaching methods? How can we know whether it works and for whom? These are some of the questions addressed in this book, which reports on the outputs and lessons of this international project.
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264541887 , 9789264458987 , 9789264701724
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (351 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results volume 1
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 results ; volume I: What students know and can do
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume I, What Students Know and Can Do, provides a detailed examination of student performance in reading, mathematics and science, and describes how performance has changed since previous PISA assessments.
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  • 15
    ISBN: 9789264981966
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (353 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of school resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Working and learning together
    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Personalentwicklung ; Schule ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Governance
    Abstract: The staff working in schools are the most important resource for today’s education systems, both educationally and financially. This report aims to provide guidance for the design of human resource policies that strengthen, recognise and preserve the positive impact that teachers, school leaders and other school staff have on their students. It offers an in-depth analysis of how human resource policies can make the best use of available resources to create supportive working environments and build both individual and collective professional capacity in schools. This includes the design of entry requirements, career structures, salary schedules and working time arrangements to attract, retain and motivate high-quality staff; the effective and equitable matching of staff with schools through fair and transparent staff funding and recruitment; and informed investments in professional learning, from initial preparation to continuing development. Throughout its analysis, the report looks at implementation challenges and considers under which conditions human resource policy reforms are most likely to have the desired effects on schools and their staff. This report is the third in a series of thematic comparative reports bringing together findings from the OECD School Resources Review.
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264779891 , 9789264709157 , 9789264461925
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (211 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD skills strategy Latvia
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Lettland ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Latvia
    Abstract: Skills are the key to shaping a better future. Skills are central to the capacity of countries and people to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and rapidly changing world. Megatrends such as globalisation, technological advance and demographic change are reshaping work and society, generating a growing demand for higher levels of skills, as well as new sets of skills. OECD Skills Strategy projects provide a strategic and comprehensive approach to assess countries’ skills challenges and opportunities, and build more effective skills systems. The OECD works collaboratively with countries to develop policy responses that are tailored to each country’s specific skills needs. The foundation of this approach is the OECD Skills Strategy framework, which allows for an exploration of what countries can do better to i) develop relevant skills over the life course, ii) use skills effectively in work and in society, and iii) strengthen the governance of the skills system. This report OECD Skills Strategy Latvia: Assessment and Recommendations identifies opportunities and makes recommendations to strengthen the skills outcomes of students, foster a culture of lifelong learning, reduce skills imbalances in the labour market, and strengthen the governance of the skills system.
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264642683 , 9789264832350 , 9789264474901
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (373 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results volume 2
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 results ; volume 2: Where all students can succeed
    Keywords: Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume II, examines gender differences in student performance, and the links between students’ socio-economic status and immigrant background, on the one hand, and student performance and well-being, on the other.
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264900677
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (57 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Multi-Dimensional Review of Panama Volume 3
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Series Statement: Multi-dimensional review of Panama
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 3: From analysis to action
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Taxation ; Development ; Panama
    Abstract: This MDCR is designed to help Panama formulate development strategies, and identify and support the policy reforms needed to achieve further sustainable and inclusive development. This review comes at a time when Panama is achieving high economic growth but further policy action is needed to expand socio-economic benefits across all economic sectors, regions and households.
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264879720 , 9789264816268 , 9789264562837
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (365 Seiten)
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results volume 3
    Series Statement: PISA
    Series Statement: PISA 2018 results
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2018 results ; volume 3: What school life means for students' lives
    Keywords: Schüler ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Lehrkräfte ; Eltern ; Wahrnehmung ; Zufriedenheit ; Lebensqualität ; Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume III, What School Life Means for Students’ Lives, focuses on the physical and emotional health of students, the role of teachers and parents in shaping the school climate, and the social life at school. The volume also examines indicators of student well-being, and how these are related to the school climate.
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789264300491
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis 2017
    Series Statement: Petite enfance, grands défis
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’éducation et l’accueil des jeunes enfants (EAJE) peuvent contribuer à jeter les bases de ce que seront le développement des compétences, le bien-être et l’apprentissage futurs. Disposer en temps voulu d’informations fiables et comparables au plan international est essentiel pour aider les pays à améliorer leurs services et leurs systèmes d’EAJE. Depuis plus de 15 ans, l’OCDE mène des analyses politiques et compile de nouvelles données sur l’EAJE. Pour la première fois, le présent rapport rassemble en un seul volume l’ensemble des indicateurs clés sur l’EAJE. Il donne un aperçu complet des systèmes d’EAJE et de l’offre de services dans ce secteur et fournit également des données tendancielles et des informations sur les réformes récentes. Le rapport examine en profondeur certaines questions comme l’accès aux services et leur gestion, l’égalité des chances, le financement, les programmes, le corps enseignant et l’implication des parents. Il recense aussi les grands défis à relever pour améliorer le secteur de l’EAJE. Avec environ 45 graphiques et des données pour les 35 pays de l’OCDE et plusieurs pays partenaires, la publication comprend également un grand nombre d’éléments nouveaux. Elle propose des données nouvelles sur l’offre de services d’EAJE et sur l’intensité de la participation des enfants de moins de trois ans (sur la base d’une typologie améliorée des structures). Elle présente aussi de nouveaux indicateurs sur le profil du personnel d’EAJE (par exemple le niveau de qualification, le salaire des enseignants et l’organisation du temps de travail) et sur l’égalité d’accès à l’EAJE. Les nouvelles analyses du PISA 2015 permettent de mettre en lumière le lien qui existe entre le nombre d’années d’EAJE et les résultats scolaires à l’âge de 15 ans, ainsi que les effets de la participation à l’EAJE sur la santé et le bien-être, et sur l’employabilité des mères.
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264301597 , 9789264301603
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (163 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Effective teacher policies
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    Keywords: Lehrkräfte ; Schulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Lehrkräfte ; Schulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Education ; Schulpolitik ; Lehrer
    Abstract: Teachers are the most important resource in today’s schools. In every country, teachers’ salaries and training represent the greatest share of expenditure in education. And this investment in teachers can have significant returns: research shows that being taught by the best teachers can make a real difference in the learning and life outcomes of otherwise similar students. Teachers, in other words, are not interchangeable workers in some sort of industrial assembly line; individual teachers can change lives – and better teachers are crucial to improving the education that schools provide. Improving the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of schooling depends, in large measure, on ensuring that competent people want to work as teachers, that their teaching is of high quality and that high-quality teaching is provided to all students. This report, building on data from the Indicators of Education Systems (INES) programme, the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), explores three teacher-policy questions: How do the best-performing countries select, develop, evaluate and compensate teachers? How does teacher sorting across schools affect the equity of education systems? And how can countries attract and retain talented men and women to teaching?
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  • 22
    ISBN: 9789264303751 , 9789264305137 , 9789264305144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (302 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of school resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Radinger, Thomas OECD reviews of school resources
    Keywords: Bildungswesen ; Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Schulfinanzierung ; Kolumbien ; Education ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Colombia ; Kolumbien ; Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Schulfinanzierung
    Abstract: This country review report offers an independent analysis of major issues facing the use of school resources in Colombia from an international perspective. It provides a description of national policies, an analysis of strengths and challenges, and a proposal of possible future approaches. The analysis focuses on the funding of school education, the provision of school education and the development of the teaching profession. Rural education represents a transversal theme of the report within the context of Colombia's peace agreement and objectives to close rural-urban gaps in social and economic development. Issues covered include the level of spending, sources of funding and funding mechanisms; the organisation of the school network, including the funding of private provision; school governance, leadership and community participation; the organisation of teaching and learning, including learning standards, educational materials, student assessment, and instruction time; teacher learning in pre-service and in-service education; and teacher recruitment and career progression. The report covers all levels of compulsory education as well as transitions from early childhood education and care to school education and from school education to the labour market and tertiary education.
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  • 23
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 28 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 47
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.47
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; UN-Entwicklungsziele ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2015, UN Member States and the international community more broadly endorsed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Agenda’s commitment to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for everyone to leave no one behind. This working paper presents and analyses the findings of a survey circulated to members of the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) between April and May 2018. The survey investigated the level and extent of commitment to leave no one behind in development co-operation policies, strategies and programming. It also gathered views and evidence from DAC members about the comparative advantage, opportunities, challenges and strategies for answering this pledge of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The findings presented in this paper inform the analysis of the 2018 Development Co-operation Report: Joining Forces to Leave No One Behind.
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  • 24
    ISBN: 9789264302051
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (89 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kuczera, Małgorzata Apprenticeship and vocational education and training in Israel
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Apprenticeship and vocational education and training in Israel
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; Israel ; Education ; Employment ; Israel ; Israel ; Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: One of a series of studies on vocational education and training, this review assesses the apprenticeship system and vocational education and training in Israel and provides policy recommendations. Israel has experienced strong economic growth over the last decade, and labour shortages are observed in many sectors and occupations. At the same time, inequity and disadvantage in some population groups are rising. This report suggests several ways in which Israel might reform its vocational and apprenticeship programmes so that they effectively support the Israeli economy by providing the skills in demand on the labour market, and improve life chances and social mobility of individuals. The report argues for an expansion and integration of apprenticeship programmes into the mainstream upper secondary system, and development of systematic work-based learning placements in selected school-based vocational programmes. Currently vocational education and training in Israel is fragmented and students and employers often find it difficult to navigate. To address this challenge, the report recommends creating a single strategic body that will plan and guide policy development on vocational education and training, and champion it within government. A relatively large share of adults in Israel has low basic skills, particularly among Arab Israelis and Haredi Jews. Addressing basic skills weaknesses in these populations should be a priority.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264302396
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Reviews of National Policies for Education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Education policy in Japan
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Japan ; Education ; Japan ; Japan ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Japan’s education system is one of the top performers compared to other OECD countries. International assessments have not only demonstrated students' and adults' high level of achievement, but also the fact that socio-economic status has little bearing on academic results. In a nutshell, Japan combines excellence with equity. This high performance is based on the priority Japan places on education and on its holistic model of education, which is delivered by highly qualified teachers and supported by the external collaboration of communities and parents. But significant economic, socio-demographic and educational challenges, such as child well-being, teacher workload and the high stakes university exam, question the sustainability of this successful model. Policy makers in Japan are not complacent, and as Japan starts implementing its Third Basic Plan for the Promotion of Education (2018-22), they are carefully analysing tomorrow’s threats to Japan’s current success. This report aims to highlight the many strengths of Japan’s education system, as well as the challenges it must address to carry out reforms effectively and preserve its holistic model of education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that the education system delivers the best for all students, and that Japanese learners have the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values they need for the 21st century.
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789264301832
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (267 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Keywords: Education ; Morocco
    Abstract: Comment les politiques d’évaluation du système éducatif peuvent-elles améliorer les résultats des élèves dans l’enseignement primaire et secondaire ? À travers une perspective internationale, les rapports pays de cette série apportent une analyse indépendante des principaux enjeux des politiques d'évaluation pour identifier les améliorations possibles et renforcer la qualité, l'équité et l'efficacité du système scolaire. Le Maroc a réussi, lors des deux dernières décennies, à améliorer l'accès à l'école, en particulier dans le monde rural, et à généraliser la scolarisation dans l'enseignement primaire. Toutefois, l’amélioration de l'apprentissage de tous les jeunes, en leur garantissant un accès à un enseignement et à un apprentissage de haute qualité jusqu'à la fin des études secondaires, demeure un défi. Une majorité d'élèves quitte l'école sans finir les études secondaires et sans avoir acquis les compétences de bases requises pour une insertion effective dans la société et le marché du travail. Cet examen apporte au Maroc des recommandations pour aider à renforcer son cadre d'évaluation du système éducatif, en se concentrant sur l'apprentissage des élèves, en améliorant la responsabilisation des acteurs pour un enseignement et un apprentissage de qualité et en renforçant les capacités d'évaluation à tous les niveaux.
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789264085374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Paniagua, Alejandro Teachers as designers of learning environments
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    Keywords: Pädagogik ; Lernmethode ; Lehrkräfte ; Education ; Pädagogik ; Lernen ; Lerntechnik
    Abstract: Pedagogy is at the heart of teaching and learning. Preparing young people to become lifelong learners with a deep knowledge of subject matter and a broad set of social skills requires a better understanding of how pedagogy influences learning. Focusing on pedagogies shifts the perception of teachers from technicians who strive to attain the education goals set by the curriculum to experts in the art and science of teaching. Seen through this lens, innovation in teaching becomes a problem-solving process rooted in teachers’ professionalism, rather than an add-on applied by only some teachers in some schools. Teachers as Designers of Learning Environments: The Importance of Innovative Pedagogies provides a snapshot of innovative pedagogies used in classrooms around the world. It sets the stage for educators and policy makers to innovate teaching by looking at what is currently taking place in schools as potential seeds for change. At the heart of all of these approaches is a sensitivity to the natural inclinations of learners towards play, creativity, collaboration and inquiry. To illustrate how teachers use these innovative practices, the publication presents examples from 27 national and international networks of schools. It is now generally acknowledged that the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers. This volume goes a step further to argue that a teacher cannot help students meet new educational challenges by continuing to draw on a limited and perhaps even inherited set of pedagogies. And here lies the genuine importance of innovative pedagogies.
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264298750
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (254 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Education for a bright future in Greece
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Bildungswesen ; Griechenland ; Education ; Greece ; Griechenland ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: After a decade of severe fiscal crisis also impacting education, Greece is looking ahead. Now is the time to invest effectively in education and define a forward-looking path for Greece. Building on the current reform agenda, this report offers an analysis of the context and underlying policy issues that once addressed, can contribute to raising the quality and equity of education in Greece. Drawing on evidence and international experience, the review highlights policy options that can guide and enhance current reform efforts in Greece in four areas: effective governance; policies for school improvement; efficiency, equity and quality of the education system; tertiary education. How can the governance and financing of Greek education be streamlined and improved? How can Greece achieve greater equity in educational provision and student outcomes? How can the Greek - qualified and well engaged - teaching force help promote school improvement? Last but not least, how can higher education help Greece restore prosperity? This report takes a hard look at the above issues, and many others. It will offer precious insights to policy makers and the education community.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789264298705
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (185 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Skills strategy implementation guidance for Portugal
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Portugal ; Education ; Employment ; Economics ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: Raising skills is critical to Portugal’s economic success and social well-being. As globalisation and digitalisation are transforming how people work, how societies function and how individuals interact, Portugal needs to equip its entire population with strong skills so that they can benefit from new opportunities. Portugal has put education and skills at the forefront of the political agenda for many years, but more than half of adults have not completed upper secondary education. With the population ageing rapidly and a growing skills divide between generations, Portugal needs to further strengthen its adult-learning system. To make change happen, Portugal will need a clear vision for the adult-learning system and a strong partnership between all stakeholders – all levels of government, education and training providers, employers, trade unions, the non-profit sector and learners. This report outlines areas where the accessibility, flexibility and quality of the adult-learning system can be improved, where governance and financing mechanisms can be strengthened, and provides examples of international and national good practice to help achieve these objectives. The report provides a series of concrete actions to help Portugal improve the adult-learning system and in turn enhance economic growth and social cohesion.
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  • 30
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 58 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 106
    Keywords: Gesundheitsversorgung ; Ambulante Behandlung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Building on published patient safety research literature, this paper aims to broaden the existing knowledge base on safety lapses occurring in primary and ambulatory care settings. The findings of this paper show that safety lapses in primary and ambulatory care are common. About half of the global burden of patient harm originates in primary and ambulatory care, and estimates suggest that nearly four out of ten patients experience safety issue(s) in their interaction with this setting. Safety lapses in primary and ambulatory care most often result in an increased need for care or hospitalisations. Available evidence estimates the direct costs of safety lapses – the additional tests, treatments and health care – in primary and ambulatory care to be around 2.5% of total health expenditure. Safety lapses resulting in hospitalisations each year may count 6% of total hospital bed days and more than 7 million admissions in the OECD.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 31
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264284227
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (81 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Edition: Version révisée
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; France
    Abstract: Ce rapport identifie des stratégies effectives pour s’attaquer aux déséquilibres de compétences en France. Une évaluation des pratiques et des politiques dans les domaines suivants est présentée : la collection et l’utilisation des informations sur les besoins de compétences afin de promouvoir l’acquisition de compétences mieux alignées aux besoins du marché du travail ; des politiques qui stimulent la demande et l’utilisation des compétences ; des politique concernant la formation et l’enseignement général et professionnel ; des politiques permettant aux demandeurs d’emploi de développer les compétences appropriées et liées aux offres d’emploi; des initiatives d’orientation professionnelle ; et des politiques facilitant l’accueil des immigrés possédant les compétences demandées. Cette évaluation est fondée sur des visites pays, la recherche et l’analyse de données exécutées par le secrétariat de l’OCDE.
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  • 32
    ISBN: 9789264305304 , 9789264305717 , 9789264305724
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Effective carbon rates 2018
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Emissionshandel ; Ökosteuer ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Kohlendioxid ; Preisbildung ; Umweltsteuer ; Umweltzertifikathandel
    Abstract: Decarbonisation keeps climate change in check and contributes to cleaner air and water. Countries can price CO2-emissions to decarbonise their economies and steer them along a carbon-neutral growth path. Are countries using this tool to its full potential? This report measures carbon pricing of CO2-emissions from energy use in 42 OECD and G20 countries, covering 80% of world emissions. The analysis takes a comprehensive view of carbon prices, including specific taxes on energy use, carbon taxes and tradable emission permit prices. The ‘carbon pricing gap’ measures how much the 42 countries, together as well as individually, fall short of pricing emissions in line with levels needed for decarbonisation. On aggregate, the ‘carbon pricing gap’ indicates how advanced the 42 countries are with the implementation of market-based tools to decarbonise their economies. At the country level, the gap can be seen as an indicator of long-run competitiveness.
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789264300002
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (301 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Strong Performers and Successful Reformers in Education
    Series Statement: Strong performers and successful reformers in education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schleicher, Andreas, 1964 - World class
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe: Schleicher, Andreas: World class
    DDC: 330
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    Keywords: Schule ; Schulpolitik ; Welt ; Education ; Schule ; Schulpolitik
    Abstract: In a world where the kind of things that are easy to teach and test have also become easy to digitise and automate, it will be our imagination, our awareness and our sense of responsibility that will enable us to harness the opportunities of the 21st century to shape the world for the better. Tomorrow’s schools will need to help students think for themselves and join others, with empathy, in work and citizenship. They will need to help students develop a strong sense of right and wrong, and sensitivity to the claims that others make. What will it take for schools to be able to do this? Andreas Schleicher, initiator of the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and an international authority on education policy, has accompanied education leaders in over 70 countries in their efforts to design and implement forward-looking policies and practices. While improvement in education is far easier to proclaim than achieve, in this book Schleicher examines the many successes from which we can learn. This does not mean copying and pasting solutions from other schools or countries, but rather looking seriously and dispassionately at good practice in our own countries and elsewhere to understand what works in which contexts. Trained in physics, Schleicher offers a unique perspective on education reform: he convincingly argues that it should not necessarily be less of an art, but more of a science. “No one knows more about education around the world than Andreas Schleicher. Full stop. For the first time, he's collected 20 years worth of wisdom in one place. World Class should be required reading for policy makers, education leaders and anyone who wants to know how our schools can adapt for the modern world – and help all kids learn to think for themselves.” – Amanda Ripley, author of The Smartest Kids in the World, a New York Times bestseller “[Schleicher]…grasps all the key issues, and does so through keeping his ear to the ground and by working out solutions jointly with a variety of leaders at all levels of the system, and in diverse societies” – Michael Fullan, Global Leadership Director, New Pedagogies for Deep Learning “Every visionary leader who is serious about improving student learning should add the data-driven World Class: How to Build a 21st-Century School System to the top of his or her reading list.” – Jeb Bush, 43rd Governor of Florida, and Founder and Chairman of the Foundation for Excellence in Education “…a must-read for those who wish to create a future in which economic opportunity can be shared by all.” – Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum "In this timely and forward-looking book, one of the most knowledgeable educators in the world draws on impressive data, keen observations, and considerable wisdom to indicate the paths to effective education for all young people." – Howard Gardner, Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero, Harvard Graduate School of Education
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9789264301030
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Catching up?
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    Keywords: Intergenerationenmobilität ; Migranten ; Österreich ; EU-Staaten ; Frankreich ; Deutschland ; Niederlande ; Schweden ; USA ; Kanada ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: Previous OECD and EU work has shown that even native-born children with immigrant parents face persistent disadvantage in the education system, the school-to-work transition and the labour market. To which degree are these linked with their immigration background, i.e. with the issues faced by their parents? Complementing the report Catching Up? Intergenerational Mobility and Children of Immigrants (OECD 2017), this publication presents seven in-depth country case studies. The countries and regions covered in this publication are Austria, the European Union, France, Germany, the Netherlands, North America and Sweden.
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  • 35
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264302549
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (179 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Multi-Dimensional Review of Panama volume 2
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Series Statement: Multi-dimensional review of Panama
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Panama ; Volume 2: In-depth analysis and recommendations
    Keywords: Panama Economic conditions ; Panama Economic policy ; Congresses ; Panama Social conditions ; Congresses ; Panama Economic policy ; Electronic books ; Education ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Taxation ; Development ; Economics ; Panama
    Abstract: Panama has achieved socio-economic improvements in recent decades thanks to strong economic growth and consequent poverty reduction. Its growth model is characterised by a dual economy in which a small number of activities, including those related to the Canal and Special Economic Zones, have exhibited high productivity growth but limited job creation. Panama should now embark on a new reform agenda to become a sustainable and inclusive high-income country. This report urges greater productivity in sectors that contribute to job formalisation to reduce disparities in income and among regions. As developing these policies requires further resources, taxation system and private sector involvement through public-private partnerships should also be reinforced. Focusing on skills and jobs, regional development and development financing, the volume provides analysis and recommendations on three areas which are key for Panama.
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  • 36
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 55 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers no. 107
    Keywords: Gesundheit ; Wissen ; Bildung ; Gesundheitsversorgung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In the 21st century care, the old paradigm “because the doctor said so” no longer holds. Individuals are now seeking ways to understand their health options and take more control over their health decisions. But this is not an easy task. Professionals continue to use medical jargon, drug instructions are not always clear, and health information in clinical settings continue to be complex and challenging to navigate. Widespread access to digital technologies offset some of these barriers by democratising access to health information, providing new ways to improve health knowledge and support self care. Nonetheless, when health information is misused or misinterpreted, it can wrongly influence individuals’ preferences and behaviour, jeopardise their health, or put unreasonable demands on health systems.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264283671
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (149 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Investing in Youth
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Investing in youth
    Keywords: Bildungsinvestition ; Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Jugendliche ; Jugendpolitik ; Norwegen ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Norway ; Möbius, Michael 1955- Norwegen ; Jugend ; Berufsausbildung ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt
    Abstract: The present report on Norway is part of the series on "Investing in Youth" which builds on the expertise of the OECD on youth employment, social support and skills. This series covers both OECD countries and countries in the process of accession to the OECD, as well as some emerging economies. The report provides a detailed diagnosis of youth policies in the areas of education, training, social and employment policies. Its main focus is on young people who are not in employment, education or training (the "NEETs"). Earlier reviews in the same series have looked at youth policies in Brazil (2014), Latvia and Tunisia (2015), Australia, Lithuania and Sweden (2016), Japan (2017).
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  • 38
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264307216 , 9789279981142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (306 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Settling in 2018
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Migranten ; Soziale Integration ; EU-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; G20-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This joint OECD-European Commission publication presents a comprehensive international comparison across all EU and OECD countries - as well as selected G20 countries - of the integration outcomes of immigrants and their children, using 74 indicators based on three strands: labour market and skills; living conditions; and civic engagement and social integration. To place the comparison in its proper context, the publication also provides detailed data on the characteristics of immigrant populations and households. Three special-focus chapters are dedicated to examining gender issues, youth with a migrant background, and third-country nationals in the European Union.
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  • 39
    ISBN: 9789264298507
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (118 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kuczera, Małgorzata Apprenticeship in England, United Kingdom
    Keywords: Betriebliche Ausbildung ; Berufsbildung ; England ; Großbritannien ; Education ; United Kingdom ; England ; Berufsbildung ; Betriebliche Ausbildung
    Abstract: One of a series of studies on vocational education and training, this review focuses on the apprenticeship system in England and concludes with policy recommendations. England has launched a series of reforms that champion the institution of apprenticeship, and address some previous weaknesses. The reforms encourage more substantive apprenticeship programmes and a stronger funding framework. Despite these strengths, there is still some way to go to establish an apprenticeship system in England to match those of the strongest countries. This report suggests several ways in which reforms might be adapted to achieve higher quality and better outcomes. An effective apprenticeship system involves various elements such as the development of the apprentice in the workplace by the employer and the broader education of young apprentices. The report argues that England should consider introducing regulations and standards to ensure that these elements are part of all apprenticeship programmes, and that the recently introduced apprenticeship levy supports high-quality training. In comparison to other countries, England has relatively few young apprentices. The report suggests England could facilitate transition from school to work by making better use of apprenticeships targeting school leavers.
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264280489
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; United Kingdom ; Großbritannien ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances in the United Kingdom. It provides an assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment between skills acquisition and labour market needs; education and training policies targeting skills development and investment for individuals and employers; job creation policies to develop skills through on-the-job learning; and policies facilitating the entry of migrants with skills that are in demand. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat.
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264284456
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; Bildungspolitik ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Frankreich ; Education ; Employment ; France
    Abstract: This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances in France. It provides an assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; policies stimulating skills demand and skills use; policies related to general and professional education and training; policies to help the unemployed develop the right skills and better match them to jobs; career guidance initiatives; and policies facilitating the entry of migrants with skills that are in demand. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat.
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264284395 , 9789264285538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Elliott, Stuart W. Computers and the future of skill demand
    DDC: 331.1142
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Informationstechnik ; Computer ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Computer ; Informationstechnik ; OECD-Staaten ; Qualifikation ; Informationstechnik ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: Computer scientists are working on reproducing all human skills using artificial intelligence, machine learning and robotics. Unsurprisingly then, many people worry that these advances will dramatically change work skills in the years ahead and perhaps leave many workers unemployable. This report develops a new approach to understanding these computer capabilities by using a test based on the OECD’s Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) to compare computers with human workers. The test assesses three skills that are widely used at work and are an important focus of education: literacy, numeracy and problem solving with computers. Most workers in OECD countries use the three skills every day. However, computers are close to reproducing these skills at the proficiency level of most adults in the workforce. Only 13% of workers now use these skills on a daily basis with a proficiency that is clearly higher than computers. The findings raise troubling questions about whether most workers will be able to acquire the skills they need as these new computer capabilities are increasingly used over the next few decades. To answer those questions, the report’s approach could be extended across the full range of work skills. We need to know how computers and people compare across all skills to develop successful policies for work and education for the future.
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  • 43
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD | Brüssel : European Union
    ISBN: 9789264280892 , 9789264297890 , 9789264273344
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (141 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Hungary
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulmanagement ; Gründungsausbildung ; Innovation ; Ungarn ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Hungary ; Ungarn ; Hochschule ; Hochschulpolitik ; Hochschulorganisation ; Innovation
    Abstract: This report presents evidence-based analysis of current strategies and practices in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Hungary towards a value-creating use of knowledge resources for innovation and entrepreneurship. The analysis and recommendations are highly relevant for policy makers and HEI leaders in other countries. Increased attention to innovation and entrepreneurship both from public policy actors and HEI leadership has triggered an incremental change process in the organisational culture of HEIs and a new approach to education and research for students and staff. HEInnovate is a joint initiative of the European Commission and the OECD to promote the innovative and entrepreneurial higher education institution across Europe and beyond (www.heinnovate.eu).
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 44
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264284425
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (298 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Education in Chile
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Chile ; Education ; Chile ; Chile ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Chile’s education system can foster stronger economic, democratic and social development in the country. There are significant macroeconomic benefits to education, such as increased productivity. That said, individuals tend to benefit the most from high-quality, equitable education systems. In 2004, the OECD performed a review of national education policies and an analysis of the Chilean education system. This review aims to identify key changes in the Chilean education system mainly from 2004-16, in order to analyse where education in Chile stands today and offer recommendations to help provide better education opportunities for all Chileans in the coming years. The review therefore examines different areas of education policy in Chile, from early childhood education and care (ECEC) to higher education.
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789264277892
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Series Statement: Getting skills right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Good practice in adapting to changing skill needs
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Berufsbildung ; Bildungspolitik ; Frankreich ; Italien ; Spanien ; Südafrika ; Großbritannien ; Education ; Employment ; France ; Italy ; South Africa ; Spain ; United Kingdom ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances, based on five country-specific policy notes for France, Italy, Spain, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It provides a comparative assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; the design of education and training systems and their responsiveness to changing skill needs; the re-training of unemployed individuals; and the improvement of skills use and skills matching in the labour market. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD secretariat in the five countries reviewed. Examples of good practice from other countries are also discussed.
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789264287440 , 9789264287457 , 9789264287464
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Educational opportunity for all
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe: Educational opportunity for all
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Lebensverlauf ; Sozialer Status ; Bildungschancen ; Bildungspolitik ; Lebensverlauf ; Sozialer Status ; Bildungschancen ; Bildungschancen ; Bildungspolitik ; Lebensverlauf ; Sozialer Status ; Education ; Bildung ; Chancengleichheit ; Sozialstatus
    Abstract: Equitable educational opportunities can help to promote long-lasting, inclusive economic growth and social cohesion. Successful education and skills policies can empower individuals to reach their full potential and enjoy the fruits of their labour, regardless of their circumstances at birth. However, as this report shows, far too many children, students and adults from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds fall behind. In many countries, substantial learning gaps exist between students at opposite ends of the socio-economic scale, and these differences tend to increase in the transition into adulthood. All countries have ample room for improvement to ensure better learning outcomes for all. Early childhood education has been identified as an important element in future success, and requires investment, as do family and community-based support and programmes for children from families that have not attained a high level of education and skills. In the schools, targeted support is necessary for low performers from disadvantaged backgrounds and for poorly performing schools. As for the adult population, learning should be focused on improving employability, through a combination of education and practical job training. Barriers to participation in learning need to be removed, and delivery methods need to be more innovative and flexible. Targeted support is needed for the most vulnerable members of society.
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  • 47
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    In:  Volume 5
    ISBN: 9789264285521
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (305 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als PISA 2015 results ; Volume 5: Collaborative problem solving
    Angaben zur Quelle: Volume 5
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines not just what students know in science, reading and mathematics, but what they can do with what they know. Results from PISA show educators and policy makers the quality and equity of learning outcomes achieved elsewhere, and allow them to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. PISA 2015 Results (Volume V): Collaborative Problem Solving, is one of five volumes that present the results of the PISA 2015 survey, the sixth round of the triennial assessment. It examines students’ ability to work with two or more people to try to solve a problem. The volume provides the rationale for assessing this particular skill and describes performance within and across countries. In addition, it highlights the relative strengths and weaknesses of each school system and examines how they are related to individual student characteristics, such as gender, immigrant background and socio-economic status. The volume also explores the role of education in building young people’s skills in solving problems collaboratively.
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264287655
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (257 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Niederlande ; Education ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Netherlands today is prosperous, but its future success is not assured. The Netherlands owes its success in no small part to actions it has taken in the past to develop a highly skilled population. Given the profound economic and social transformation that the Netherlands is currently undergoing, skills will be even more important for success in the future. The Dutch education system and the skills of the Dutch population are strong overall. Therefore many of the opportunities for further improving the skills outcomes of the Netherlands are to be found in areas of society where the government has more limited influence, such as the workplace and community. As a consequence, achieving the Netherlands’ skills ambitions will require a whole-of-society approach. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Netherlands identifies the following three skills priorities for the Netherlands - fostering more equitable skills outcomes, creating skills-intensive workplaces, and promoting a learning culture. These priorities were identified through the analysis of common themes that emerged from stakeholder perspectives on the most important skills challenges facing the Netherlands, and through the OECD’s analysis of the nine skills challenges identified and examined in the report.
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264278639
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Getting Skills Right
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Getting skills right: Italy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe: Getting skills right: Italy
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungspolitik ; Italien ; Education ; Employment ; Italy ; Italien ; Bildungspolitik ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Erwachsenenbildung
    Abstract: This report identifies effective strategies to tackle skills imbalances in Italy. It provides an assessment of practices and policies in the following areas: the collection and use of information on skill needs to foster a better alignment of skills acquisitions with labour market needs; the design of education and training systems and their responsiveness to changing skill needs; the re-training of unemployed individuals; and the improvement of skills use and skills matching in the labour market. The assessment is based on country visits, desk research and data analysis conducted by the OECD Secretariat.
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  • 50
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264287709
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (167 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Slowenien ; Education ; Employment ; Slovenia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills will be fundamental to Slovenia’s success in achieving its ambitious vision for the future – a society in which people learn for and through life, are innovative, trust one another, enjoy a high quality of life and embrace their unique identity and culture. Slovenia’s success in achieving its vision will depend to a great extent on how well it develops, activates and uses people’s skills. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Slovenia identifies a number of overarching priority areas for action. These were identified by analysing common themes that emerged from stakeholder perspectives on the most important challenges facing Slovenia in this domain, and also through the OECD’s analysis of the nine challenges identified and examined in the report. The three priority areas for action identified are: 1) empowering active citizens with the right skills for the future; 2) building a culture of lifelong learning; and 3) working together to strengthen skills.
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  • 51
    ISBN: 9789264285668
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Development centre studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Youth aspirations and the reality of jobs in developing countries
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitszufriedenheit ; Karriereplanung ; Entwicklungsländer ; Education ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Entwicklungsländer ; Junge Arbeitnehmerin ; Junger Arbeitnehmer ; Arbeitszufriedenheit ; Karriereplanung
    Abstract: Many governments in developing countries are realising that good quality jobs matter for development. However, little attention has been paid so far to explore what actually matters for young people in terms of job characteristics and employment conditions. Today, in many developing and emerging countries, a key development challenge is that existing jobs do not live up to youth aspirations. This study revisits youth labour market performance and the quality of jobs in developing countries. It places youth employment preferences at the forefront and answers the following questions. What is the nature of youth careers aspirations and job-related drivers of job satisfaction? What shapes such employment preferences? How likely will young people be able to meet their job aspirations? What policy makers can do to reduce the gap between youth preferences and the reality of jobs? The study draws on the comprehensive data from school-to-work transition surveys in 32 developing and transition countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. It suggests a number of priority areas for policy makers to enhance youth well-being, raise labour productivity, and contain the chilling effects that unmet youth aspirations can generate on society.
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  • 52
    ISBN: 9789264265387
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (90 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ten questions for mathematics teachers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe: Ten questions for mathematics teachers
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Mathematikunterricht
    Abstract: Every three years, the Programme for International Student Assessment, better known as PISA, evaluates 15 year-old students around the world to determine how well their education system has prepared them for life after compulsory schooling. Once the results are published, the media rush to compare their countries’ positions in the international league tables. Government policy makers, journalists and academic researchers mine the report to find out how successful education systems elicit the best performance from their students while making access to high-quality education more equitable. But sometimes the key messages don’t make it back to the teachers who are preparing their country’s students every day. Ten Questions for Mathematics Teachers… and How PISA Can Help Answer Them aims to change that. This report delves into topics such as, “How much should I encourage my students to be responsible for their own learning in mathematics?” or “As a mathematics teacher, how important is the relationship I have with my students?”. It gives teachers timely and relevant data and analyses that can help them reflect on their teaching strategies and how students learn.
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 53
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing | Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264258143 , 9789264257658
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (157 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Reviews of national policies for education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Netherlands 2016
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Niederlande ; Education ; Netherlands ; Niederlande ; Bildungspolitik ; Schule
    Abstract: How can the Netherlands move its school system “from good to great”? This report draws on international experience to look at ways in which the strong Dutch school system might go further still on the path to excellence. Clearly the Dutch school system is one of the best in the OECD, as measured by PISA and PIAAC and is also equitable, with a very low proportion of poor performers. The report therefore proposes an incremental approach to reform, building on strengths while responding to some emerging challenges. The Netherlands should strengthen the quality of early childhood education and care, revisit policies related to early tracking with more objective testing and track decisions, and enhance the permeability of the system. It should develop the professionalism of teachers and school leaders through enhanced collective learning and working, while at the same time strengthening accountability and capacity in school boards. This report will be valuable not only for the Netherlands, but also to the many other education systems looking to raise their performance who are interested in the example of the Netherlands.
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789264263901
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (158 Seiten) , Ilustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Études du Centre de développement
    Keywords: Education ; Employment ; Development ; Togo
    Abstract: Les compétences occupent une place centrale dans le développement économique, social et humain des individus et des sociétés. Leur rôle est d’autant plus important pour une économie en développement comme le Togo, qui doit rapidement faire face à des difficultés majeures telles que l’ampleur de la pauvreté et de fortes inégalités alimentées par la prévalence d’activités peu productives dans le secteur informel et la faible création d’emplois décents. Cette étude examine les principaux défis auxquels le système éducatif du Togo est confronté. Elle s’appuie sur la méthodologie développée par l’OCDE dans le cadre des stratégies nationales de compétences, et se focalise sur l’enseignement supérieur tout en tenant compte de l’ensemble du système éducatif et du marché du travail. L’analyse couvre les enjeux principaux auxquels fait face le Togo quant à sa capacité à développer les compétences appropriées, à mobiliser les compétences sur le marché du travail, à utiliser les compétences efficacement et à renforcer la gouvernance de l’enseignement supérieur.
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789264255432 , 9789264255449
    ISSN: 1990-8539 , 1990-8539
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (142 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Programme for international student assessment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making education count for development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Making education count for development
    Keywords: Programme for International Student Assessment Programme for International Student Assessment ; Bildungsforschung ; Datenerhebung ; Kambodscha ; Ecuador ; Guatemala ; Paraguay ; Senegal ; Sambia ; Education ; Linked data ; Education ; Linked data ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Datenerhebung ; Kambodscha ; Ecuador ; Guatemala ; Senegal ; Sambia
    Abstract: This report reviews the collection, availability and quality of system-level data and metadata on education from countries participating in the PISA for Development project: Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Paraguay, Senegal and Zambia. PISA for Development aims to increase low income countries’ use of PISA assessments for monitoring progress towards national goals for improving education and for analysing the factors associated with student learning outcomes, particularly among poor and marginalised populations. The project also helps track progress towards the international education targets defined in the Education 2030 Framework for Action, which the international community adopted in 2015 as the strategy for achieving the Education Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). The report suggests technically sound and viable options for improving data quality, completeness and international comparability in the six countries that are reviewed. It also provides insights into overcoming some of the challenges common to countries that participate in PISA for Development and to other middle income and low income countries.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (OECD iLibrary, viewed September 27, 2016)
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  • 56
    ISBN: 9789264252059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (94 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: International summit on the teaching profession
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schleicher, Andreas, 1964 - Teaching excellence through professional learning and policy reform
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bildungspolitik ; Lehrkräfte ; Qualifikation ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungspolitik ; Lehrer ; Qualifikation
    Abstract: If the quality of an education system can never exceed the quality of its teachers, then countries need to do all they can to build a high-quality teaching force. Teaching Excellence through Professional Learning and Policy Reform: Lessons from around the World, the background report to the sixth International Summit on the Teaching Profession, describes the knowledge, skills and character qualities common to the most effective teachers. It examines the education policies and practices that help teachers to acquire these tools, including through induction and mentoring programmes, ongoing professional development activities, student assessments, and collaboration with colleagues. The publication also discusses the importance of involving all stakeholders – especially teachers – in the process of education reform.
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9264262393 , 9789264262393 , 9264262431 , 9789264262430 , 9264262474 , 9789264262478
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (197 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of school resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nusche, Deborah Denmark 2016
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nusche, Deborah Denmark 2016
    Keywords: Schule ; Schulfinanzierung ; Lehrkräfte ; Dänemark ; Education Finance ; Denmark ; Educational equalization Denmark ; Academic achievement Denmark ; Academic achievement ; Education Finance ; Educational equalization Denmark ; Education ; Denmark ; Dänemark ; Schule ; Schulfinanzierung ; Schulpolitik ; Lehrer
    Abstract: The effective use of school resources is a policy priority across OECD countries. The OECD Reviews of School Resources explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The series considers four types of resources: financial resources, such as public funding of individual schools; human resources, such as teachers, school leaders and education administrators; physical resources, such as location, buildings and equipment; and other resources, such as learning time. This series offers timely policy advice to both governments and the education community. It includes both country reports and thematic studies.
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  • 58
    ISBN: 9789264265400
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als McCarthy, Mary Alice A skills beyond school review of Peru
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Peru ; Education ; Peru ; Peru ; Berufsbildung
    Abstract: Vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. How can employers and unions be engaged? How can workbased learning be used? How can teachers and trainers be effectively prepared? How should postsecondary programmes be structured? The country reports in this series look at these and other questions. They form part of Skills beyond School, OECD policy reviews of vocational education and training.
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  • 59
    ISBN: 9789264262379 , 9789264262386 , 9789264262362
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (208 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of School Resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Shewbridge, Claire OECD reviews of school resources
    Keywords: Schule ; Schulfinanzierung ; Lehrkräfte ; Tschechien ; Education ; Czech Republic ; Tschechien ; Schulpolitik ; Schulentwicklungsplanung ; Schulfinanzierung ; Schulverwaltung ; Lehrer
    Abstract: The effective use of school resources is a policy priority across OECD countries. The OECD Reviews of School Resources explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The series considers four types of resources: financial resources, such as public funding of individual schools; human resources, such as teachers, school leaders and education administrators; physical resources, such as location, buildings and equipment; and other resources, such as learning time. This series offers timely policy advice to both governments and the education community. It includes both country reports and thematic studies.
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  • 60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 38 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working paper 27
    Series Statement: OECD Development Co-operation Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Statistisches Amt ; Öffentlich-private Partnerschaft ; Datenerhebung ; Geschäftsmodell ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Non-official sources of data, big data in particular, are currently attracting enormous interest in the world of official statistics. An impressive body of work focuses on how different types of big data (telecom data, social media, sensors and geospatial data, etc.) can be used to fill specific data gaps, especially with regard to the post-2015 agenda and the associated technology challenges. This paper focuses on different aspects of big data, but ones that are of crucial importance: what are the perspectives of the commercial operations and national statistical offices that respectively produce and might use this data; and which incentives, business models and protocols are needed to leverage non-official data sources within the official statistics community?
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789264265080 , 9789264265097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (154 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Series Statement: Centre for educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovating education and educating for innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe: Innovating education and educating for innovation
    Keywords: Lernmethode ; Innovation ; Digitale Medien ; Bildungsforschung ; Internetnutzung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungswesen ; Innovation ; Neue Medien
    Abstract: OECD’s Innovation Strategy calls upon all sectors in the economy and society to innovate in order to foster productivity, growth and well-being. Education systems are critically important for innovation through the development of skills that nurture new ideas and technologies. However, whereas digital technologies are profoundly changing the way we work, communicate and enjoy ourselves, the world of education and learning is not yet going through the same technology-driven innovation process as other sectors. This report served as the background report to the second Global Education Industry Summit which was held on 26-27 September 2016. It discusses the available evidence on innovation in education, the impact of digital technologies on teaching and learning, the role of digital skills and the role of educational industries in the process of innovation. The report argues for smarter policies, involving all stakeholders, for innovation in education.
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  • 62
    ISBN: 9264258485 , 9789264258488 , 9264258493 , 9789264258495 , 9264259341 , 9789264259348
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Tous égaux face aux équations ?: Rendre les mathématiques accessibles à tous - Principaux résultats
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Equations and inequalities
    DDC: 371.262
    RVK:
    Keywords: Mathematik ; Bildungspolitik ; Bildungschancen ; OECD-Staaten ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Mathematics Study and teaching ; Education ; Mathematikunterricht ; Bildungspolitik ; Chancengleichheit
    Abstract: More than ever, students need to engage with mathematical concepts, think quantitatively and analytically, and communicate using mathematics. All these skills are central to a young person’s preparedness to tackle problems that arise at work and in life beyond the classroom. But the reality is that many students are not familiar with basic mathematics concepts and, at school, only practice routine tasks that do not improve their ability to think quantitatively and solve real-life, complex problems. How can we break this pattern? This report, based on results from PISA 2012, shows that one way forward is to ensure that all students spend more “engaged” time learning core mathematics concepts and solving challenging mathematics tasks. The opportunity to learn mathematics content – the time students spend learning mathematics topics and practising maths tasks at school – can accurately predict mathematics literacy. Differences in students’ familiarity with mathematics concepts explain a substantial share of performance disparities in PISA between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged students. Widening access to mathematics content can raise average levels of achievement and, at the same time, reduce inequalities in education and in society at large.
    Note: Includes bibliographical references. - Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (OECD iLibrary, viewed June 28, 2016) , Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (OECD iLibrary, viewed June 28, 2016)
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  • 63
    Journal/Serial
    Journal/Serial
    Paris : OECD ; 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    ISSN: 1995-3879 , 1814-7364 , 1814-7364
    Language: English
    Dates of Publication: 1.2005 - 6.2010; [7.]2011/12=2011; 8.2013; 2014 - 2015/2016 ; damit Erscheinen eingestellt
    Series Statement: OECD publishing
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Die OECD in Zahlen und Fakten
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD factbook
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: OECD ; Statistische Grunddaten ; Wirtschaftsstatistik ; Umweltstatistik ; Sozialstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Statistik ; Graue Literatur ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Zeitschrift ; Statistik ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Wirtschaft ; Umwelt ; Bevölkerung ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten
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  • 64
    ISBN: 9789264253315 , 9789264252547
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (151 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of School Resources
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Shewbridge, Claire OECD reviews of school resources: Lithuania 2016
    Keywords: Schule ; Schulfinanzierung ; Lehrkräfte ; Litauen ; Education ; Lithuania ; Litauen ; Schulpolitik ; Schulentwicklungsplanung ; Schulfinanzierung ; Lehrer
    Abstract: The effective use of school resources is a policy priority across OECD countries. The OECD Reviews of School Resources explore how resources can be governed, distributed, utilised and managed to improve the quality, equity and efficiency of school education. The series considers four types of resources: financial resources, such as public funding of individual schools; human resources, such as teachers, school leaders and education administrators; physical resources, such as location, buildings and equipment; and other resources, such as learning time. This series offers timely policy advice to both governments and the education community. It includes both country reports and thematic studies.
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  • 65
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264245914
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schooling redesigned
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Schooling redesigned
    Keywords: Education ; Schule ; Lernen ; Lernumwelt ; Lernpsychologie
    Abstract: What does redesigning schools and schooling through innovation mean in practice? How might it be brought about? These questions have inspired an influential international reflection on “Innovative Learning Environments” (ILE) led by the OECD. This reflection has already resulted in publications on core design principles and frameworks and on learning leadership. Now the focus extends from exceptional examples towards wider initiatives and system transformation. The report draws as core material on analyses of initiatives specially submitted by some 25 countries, regions and networks. It describes common strengths around a series of Cs: Culture change, Clarifying focus, Capacity creation, Collaboration & Co-operation, Communication technologies & platforms, and Change agents. It suggests that growing innovative learning at scale needs approaches rooted in the complexity of 21st century society and “learning eco-systems”. It argues that a flourishing middle level of change around networks and learning communities provides the platform on which broader transformation can be built. This report is not a compendium of “best practices” but a succinct analysis presenting original concepts and approaches, illustrated by concrete cases from around the world. It will be especially useful for those designing, researching or engaging in educational change, whether in schools, policy, communities or wider networks. “The OECD’s ILE work has mobilised and generated profoundly important knowledge about the nature of learning and opened understandings of learning environments within and beyond school. The ILE Framework has already proved to be an invaluable tool for the emerging future of learning leadership and systems development.” Professor Michael Schratz, Dean, School of Education, University of Innsbruck, Austria; President of the International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement (ICSEI) “Innovation and creativity are the lifeblood of learning. Schooling Redesigned summarises beautifully one of the OECD's most fascinating projects - an attempt to look at the DNA of innovation in schools. Using a global range of actual examples it describes the conditions that education systems have to create if children and their parents, teachers and communities are to feel confident and optimistic about the future. For teachers, the messages are inspiring. Education systems have to focus on enhancing teachers' capacity and motivation. Standardisation cannot do that. Its messages to the profession and its organisations are profound. Teacher unions are, can and should be at the centre of creating the conditions for innovation.” John Bangs, Special consultant at Education International; Chair of TUAC’s international group on Education, Training and Employment Policy
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  • 66
    ISBN: 9789264232396
    Language: French
    Pages: 82 S.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Sommet international sur la profession enseignante
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Schools for 21st-Century Learners; Strong Leaders, Confident Teachers, Innovative Approaches
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: L’efficacité d’un système d’éducation tient à sa capacité de promouvoir le leadership à tous les paliers, encourageant ainsi les enseignants autant que les membres de la direction, peu importe leur poste officiel, à prendre les rênes de l’innovation dans la classe, dans l’école et dans l’ensemble du système. Ce rapport résume les éléments de l’Enquête internationale sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage et du Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) de l’OCDE, qui sous-tendent les trois thèmes du Sommet international sur la profession enseignante de 2015 : la direction des établissements, le sentiment d’efficacité chez les enseignants et l’innovation en éducation. Il donne par ailleurs en exemple des méthodes d’enseignement et d’apprentissage novatrices mises en oeuvre par diverses écoles d’un peu partout dans le monde afin d’aider leurs élèves à acquérir les compétences dont ils ont besoin pour participer pleinement à l’économie mondialisée du xxie siècle
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  • 67
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264236844
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (185 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Adults, computers and problem solving
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adults, computers and problem solving
    Keywords: Education ; Problemlösen ; Erwachsener ; Computer ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the results from the Survey of Adult Skills related to problem solving in technology-rich environments, along with measures concerning the use of ICT and problem solving. The Nordic countries and the Netherlands have the largest proportions of adults (around 40%) who score at the higher levels in problem solving, while Ireland, Poland and the Slovak Republic have the smallest proportions of adults (around 20%) who score at those levels. Variations in countries’ proficiency in problem solving using ICT are found to reflect differences in access to the Internet and in the frequency with which adults use e-mail. The report finds that problem-solving proficiency is strongly associated with both age and general cognitive proficiency, even after taking other relevant factors into account. Proficiency in problem solving using ICT is related to greater participation in the labour force, lower unemployment, and higher wages. By contrast, a lack of computer experience has a substantial negative impact on labour market outcomes, even after controlling for other factors. The discussion considers policies that promote ICT access and use, opportunities for developing problem-solving skills in formal education and through lifelong learning, and the importance of problem-solving proficiency in the context of e-government services.
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  • 68
    ISBN: 9789264248373
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (239 Seiten)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cresswell, John A review of international large-scale assessments in education
    Keywords: Bildungsniveau ; Sozialer Indikator ; Bildungsstatistik ; Bildungspolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Bildungsniveau ; Bildungsstatistik ; Evaluation ; Vergleich
    Abstract: The OECD has initiated PISA for Development (PISA-D) in response to the rising need of developing countries to collect data about their education systems and the capacity of their student bodies. This report aims to compare and contrast approaches regarding the instruments that are used to collect data on (a) component skills and cognitive instruments, (b) contextual frameworks, and (c) the implementation of the different international assessments, as well as approaches to include children who are not at school, and the ways in which data are used. It then seeks to identify assessment practices in these three areas that will be useful for developing countries. This report reviews the major international and regional large-scale educational assessments: large-scale international surveys, school-based surveys and household-based surveys. For each of the issues discussed, there is a description of the prevailing international situation, followed by a consideration of the issue for developing countries and then a description of the relevance of the issue to PISA for Development.
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  • 69
    ISBN: 9789264248465 , 9789264243538
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (129 Seiten)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Garantir la qualité de l'enseignement supérieur transnational
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Vincent-Lancrin, Stéphan Ensuring quality in cross-border higher education
    Keywords: Studium ; International ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Qualität ; Welt ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD ; Studium ; Internationale Kooperation ; Qualität
    Abstract: In the past decade, many countries have designed explicit internationalisation policies for their higher education systems, acknowledging the benefits of international exposure to prepare students for a globalising economy as well as the many opportunities of cross-border mobility for innovation, improvement and capacity development in higher education and in the economy. Cases of fraud and opportunistic behaviour have shown that these promises come with risks for students and other tertiary education stakeholders though. It is precisely to help all stakeholders to minimise these risks and strengthen the dynamics of openness, collaboration and transparency across countries that UNESCO and OECD jointly developed the Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education. This book monitors the extent to which tertiary education stakeholders complied with the Guidelines in 2014. It will be of interest to policy makers, leaders of tertiary education institutions and quality assurance agencies, as well as to academics and other parties interested in higher education and its internationalisation.
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  • 70
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264300286
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD skills studies
    Keywords: Qualifikation ; Bildungswesen ; Bildungspolitik ; Weiterbildung ; Südkorea ; Education ; Employment ; Korea, Republic of ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Skills are central to Korea’s future prosperity and the well-being of its people. The OECD Skills Strategy Diagnostic Report: Korea identifies 12 skills challenges that need to be addressed to build a more effective skills system in Korea. These challenges were identified through: 1) the OECD’s recent data and research; 2) the national data and research; 3) a diagnostic workshop 4) fact-finding interviews with key stakeholders in Korea. The report has also benefited from ongoing dialogue and consultation with a wide range of Korean stakeholders. The first nine challenges refer to specific outcomes across the three pillars of developing, activating and using skills. The next three challenges refer to the “enabling” conditions that strengthen the overall skills system. Success in tackling these skills challenges will boost performance across the whole skills system. All of the challenges identified are strongly interlinked, and their connections with each other are identified throughout the report. Failure to look beyond policy silos will have implications for specific groups in Korea, such as youth, as well as for the economy and society’s ability to recover following the economic crisis and build a solid foundation for future prosperity.
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (82 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 79
    Keywords: Alkoholkonsum ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Sozialstruktur ; Trend ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Harmful alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of ill health and premature mortality worldwide. This paper illustrates trends and social disparities in alcohol consumption and harmful drinking in 20 OECD countries. Analyses are based on individual-level data from national health and lifestyle surveys. Alcohol consumption, on average, remained relatively stable in OECD countries over the past 20 years, but with significant variations between countries. However, a closer look at trends and patterns of consumption in specific population groups reveals a more complex picture. Young people are increasingly taking up harmful drinking. Women with high education and high socio-economic status are more likely to engage in harmful drinking than their less educated and less well-off counterparts, while the opposite is observed in men. Levels and patterns of alcohol consumption have an impact on labour market. Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with less employment opportunities, high wage penalties, and lower productivity, whereas light and moderate consumption are associated with positive labour market outcomes. By shedding light on some of the dimensions of alcohol consumption in OECD countries, this paper aims at contributing to the design of appropriate health policies to prevent alcohol-related harms. The findings presented in the paper provide a basis for a quantitative assessment of the impacts of alternative policy options, and may contribute to a better targeting of such policies.
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  • 72
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 248
    Keywords: Politische Kommunikation ; E-Government ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Better access to and use of public sector information (PSI), including open government data, are inter-related parts of the shift towards knowledge-based economies, and drivers of innovation, growth and employment. PSI can be used directly to generate products and services, and it contributes in a wide variety of ways to improving efficiency and productivity across the economy (including within the public sector). Aggregate OECD economic impacts of PSI-related applications and use were estimated to be around USD 500 billion and there could be close to USD 200 billion of additional gains if barriers to use were removed, skills enhanced and the data infrastructure improved. Exploiting the potential PSI market thus requires lower pricing and less restrictive licensing agreements. There is also evidence that increasing access and lowering prices have large positive impacts on the number of users and new uses without significantly increasing costs. This report presents the results of the review of the OECD Council Recommendation for Enhanced Access and More effective Use of PSI. The review is based on the analyses of the information gathered through a survey of PSI strategies in 20 countries as well as the European Commission. The review also benefited from a complementary online survey on Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives undertaken by the Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development (GOV) in coordination with the Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation (STI). In doing so, the reports illustrates different strategic approaches to PSI policies.
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 94
    Keywords: Landnutzung ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; Bodenpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of spatial and land-use planning systems in OECD countries1 focusing on: (i) the governance systems across countries, (ii) the institutional and legal frameworks for spatial planning, and (iii) the various policy instruments used at different levels of territorial governance to articulate spatial development objectives, manage physical development and protect the environment. The report draws on available academic literature and policy documents. The analysis shows a strong relationship between governance models and authority and competences for spatial planning. Spatial plans at various spatial scales are used to create the preconditions for harmonising socio-economic development goals with environmental protection imperatives. Environmental assessment constitutes another key regulatory instrument. National plans, programmes, regional development and land-use plans as well as sector plans and policies are subjected to Strategic Environmental Assessment. Individual projects resulting from these policy instruments are subjected to Environmental Impact Assessment in most countries. In all countries, environmentally-related permits work together with environmental assessments to ensure that environmental considerations are taken into account in the siting of industrial installations and mega-infrastructure projects that would have significant impacts on the environment. The main challenges associated with environmental assessment in most countries include the political nature of the assessment process, the cost (time and money) of assessment particularly to businesses, limited consultation periods, limited technical capacity of institutions, the endeavour for independence and quality of the assessment and the absence of robust legislative frameworks.
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  • 74
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 97
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltverträglichkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: While the basic principles of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are long-standing, the challenges entailed in applying these principles are constantly evolving. This paper reviews recent developments in environmental CBA since the publication of an OECD volume on this topic by Pearce et al. (2006). The character and direction of these developments also evolves over time and the current review reflects this process.
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2015/06
    Keywords: 1995 - 2012 ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Soziale Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; China ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the Measurement Framework of the OECD Inclusive Growth Initiative, a horizontal project that the OECD launched in 2012 to develop a new vision of economic growth that can translate in higher living standards for all. This measurement framework builds on the equivalent income approach to develop an indicator of Multidimensional Living Standards (MDLS) that combines monetary (income) and non-monetary (health and jobs) benefits from economic growth and aggregates them across individuals with different characteristics. The paper discusses estimates of MDLS for 29 OECD countries and China in the period 1995-2012. It finds that between 1995 and 2007 living standards of the median household have increased in all countries under study and have gone up the most in countries where they were initially lower. The convergence in living standards has been driven by convergence in all underlying dimensions, namely income, unemployment and to a lesser extent, longevity. Between 2007 and 2012 living standards of median households hardly grew and several countries witnessed receding living standards. The bulk of the loss is explained by rising unemployment, while median household income growth has remained broadly stable.
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  • 76
    ISBN: 9789264247543
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 Seiten)
    Edition: Revised version
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Series Statement: Educational research and innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Orr, Dominic Open educational resources
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Open educational Resources ; E-Learning ; Bildungspolitik
    Abstract: Education is the key to economic, social and environmental progress, and governments around the world are looking to improve their education systems. The future of education in the 21st century is not simply about reaching more people, but about improving the quality and diversity of educational opportunities. How to best organise and support teaching and learning requires imagination, creativity and innovation. Open educational resources (OER) are teaching, learning and research materials that make use of tools such as open licensing to permit their free reuse, continuous improvement and repurposing by others for educational purposes. The OER community has grown considerably over the past 10 years and the impact of OER on educational systems has become a pervasive element of educational policy This report aims to highlight state of the art developments and practices in OER, but also to demonstrate how OER can be a tool for innovation in teaching and learning.
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  • 77
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264239555
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 S.)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Students, computers and learning
    RVK:
    Keywords: Education ; Unterricht ; Computer ; Lernen
    Abstract: Are there computers in the classroom? Does it matter? Students, Computers and Learning: Making the Connection examines how students’ access to and use of information and communication technology (ICT) devices has evolved in recent years, and explores how education systems and schools are integrating ICT into students’ learning experiences. Based on results from PISA 2012, the report discusses differences in access to and use of ICT – what are collectively known as the “digital divide” – that are related to students’ socio-economic status, gender, geographic location, and the school a child attends. The report highlights the importance of bolstering students’ ability to navigate through digital texts. It also examines the relationship among computer access in schools, computer use in classrooms, and performance in the PISA assessment. As the report makes clear, all students first need to be equipped with basic literacy and numeracy skills so that they can participate fully in the hyper-connected, digitised societies of the 21st century.
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264233256
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Vocational Education and Training
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of vocational education and training
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alvarez Galvan, Jose Luis A skills beyond school review of Costa Rica
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Qualifikation ; Costa Rica ; Education ; Costa Rica ; Costa Rica ; Berufsausbildung
    Abstract: Higher level vocational education and training (VET) programmes are facing rapid change and intensifying challenges. What type of training is needed to meet the needs of changing economies? How should the programmes be funded? How should they be linked to academic and university programmes? How can employers and unions be engaged? The country reports in this series look at these and other questions. They form part of Skills beyond School, the OECD policy review of postsecondary vocational education and training. This report reviews vocational education and training systems in Costa Rica.
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 S.)
    Series Statement: OECD development co-operation working papers 24
    Keywords: Entwicklungshilfe ; Entwicklungstheorie ; Geschichte ; OECD-Staaten ; Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Official development assistance (ODA) has been the standard measure of foreign aid for 45 years, but its creation was largely accidental, and followed no plan. Its origins lie with efforts by the OECD’s Development Assistance Committee (DAC) in the early 60s to soften and harmonise the terms of aid to developing countries. The DAC agreed a first Recommendation on aid terms in 1965, but its targets were complex and its quantities not adequately defined. An underlying difficulty was identifying which loans were soft enough to count as aid and thus be subject to the disciplines. Among metrics for valuing the concession embodied in loans, the “grant element” methodology proved the most fruitful, and it was used to refine the targets in a 1969 Supplement to the Recommendation. That Supplement introduced the idea of “official development assistance”, but without defining it. It was not until the 1972 revision of the Terms Recommendation that ODA was fully defined. This included setting a minimum grant element for an ODA loan and a single target for the overall “softness” of aid programmes. Special terms targets were agreed for a new category of Least Developed Countries. Though not perfect, the 1972 decisions created an integrated and fully specified system for monitoring aid volume and softening aid terms. The process that produced this result turned on interactions between the OECD and the UN system that helped generate the required innovations in concepts and techniques.
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper 12
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.12
    Keywords: Stabilisierungspolitik ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Mikrodaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Economic policies shape how much people earn but also how stable their income and jobs are. The level of earnings and the degree of economic stability both matter for well-being. Micro-level data indicate that, across OECD countries, economic instability is much greater at the level of individuals than at the aggregate level. The present study investigates the effects on micro-level stability of policies that boost growth. Movement from less to more productive processes and firms is at the heart of economic growth, which suggests possible trade-offs between growth and micro-level stability. The analysis indeed finds policy changes that boost growth but increase micro-level instability: reducing the progressivity or size of social transfers (including unemployment benefits) as well as moving from very to moderately tight restrictions on the competition for goods and services and on the dismissal of regular workers. However, the analysis also uncovers that moving to highly competitive policies generally reduces micro-level instability.
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  • 81
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper 14
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.14
    Keywords: Lohnstruktur ; Einkommensverteilung ; Kapitalbeteiligung ; Gini-Koeffizient ; Finanzmarktregulierung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Bankinsolvenz ; Bruttoinlandsprodukt ; Aktienmarkt ; G20-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Finance is a vital ingredient for economic growth, but there can also be too much of it. This study investigates what fifty years of data for OECD countries have to say about the role of the financial sector for economic growth and income inequality and draws policy implications. Over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. In most OECD countries, further expansion is likely to slow rather than boost growth. The composition of finance matters for growth. More credit to the private sector slows growth in most OECD countries, but more stock market financing boosts growth. Credit is a stronger drag on growth when it goes to households rather than businesses. Financial expansion fuels greater income inequality because higher income people can benefit more from the greater availability of credit and because the sector pays high wages. Higher income people can and do borrow more, so that they can gain more than others from the investment opportunities that they identify. The financial sector pays wages which are above what employees with similar profiles earn in the rest of the economy. This premium is particularly large for top income earners. There is no trade-off between financial reform, growth and income equality in the long term. In the short term, measures to avoid accumulating too much credit can, however, restrain growth temporarily. A healthy contribution of the financial sector to inclusive growth requires strong capital buffers, measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to toobig- to-fail financial institutions and tax reforms to promote neutrality between debt and equity financing
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  • 82
    ISBN: 9789264246195
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 Seiten)
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lockheed, Marlaine E. The experience of middle-income countries participating in PISA 2000-2015
    Keywords: Schule ; Bildungsniveau ; Sozialer Indikator ; Bildungsstatistik ; Bildungspolitik ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; PISA-Studie ; Internationaler Vergleich ; Geschichte 2000-2015
    Abstract: This report provides a systematic review and empirical evidence related to the experiences of middle-income countries and economies participating in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), 2000 to 2015. PISA is a triennial survey that aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 countries and economies have participated in the assessment, including 44 middle-income countries, many of which are developing countries receiving foreign aid. This report provides answers to six important questions about these middle-income countries and their experiences of participating in PISA: What is the extent of developing country participation in PISA and other international learning assessments? Why do these countries join PISA? What are the financial, technical, and cultural challenges for their participation in PISA? What impact has participation had on their national assessment capacity? How have PISA results influenced their national policy discussions? And what does PISA data tell us about education in these countries and the policies and practices that influence student performance? The findings of this report are being used by the OECD to support its efforts to make PISA more relevant to a wider range of countries, and by the World Bank as part of its on-going dialogue with its client countries regarding participation in international large-scale assessments.
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (49 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 91
    Keywords: 2013 ; Rohstoffversorgung ; Kritische Metalle ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Raw materials are essential for the global economy and future development depends on their continued supply. Like fossil fuels, minerals are non-renewable. In general, their deposits in the Earth’s crust are also geographically clustered, making security of supply a potential risk. In many cases, the exhaustion of economically competitive minerals deposits in industrialized countries has made supplies increasingly dependent on the political stability of mineral-rich emerging economies. At the same time, increasing demand from these emerging markets, new technologies that require large amounts of rare minerals , low substitutability in applications and low rates of recycling have made economies more vulnerable to potential supply disruptions. Consequently policy-makers in several OECD countries and regions have developed reports that assess the vulnerability of their respective economies to disruptions in the supply of minerals. A common aim of many of these studies is the identification of a list of so-called ‘critical minerals’, defined as minerals for which the risk of disruptions in supply is relatively high and for which supply disruptions will be associated with large economic impacts.
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 92
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cost-benefit analyses and other quantitative appraisals are used in many countries to support decision-making in different areas of public policy, including many investment projects in sectors such as transport and energy. These decisions can have significant effects – either negative or positive – on future emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and it is important whether, and how, countries incorporate estimates of the marginal value of changes in carbon dioxide emissions into these analyses. This paper discusses the range of approaches which can be employed to value changes in carbon emissions in policy appraisals, setting out the key issues in the choice of valuation principles, and presents some case studies and a survey of current practice in OECD countries.
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 86
    Keywords: Beschäftigungseffekt ; Körpergewicht ; Rauchen ; Alkohol ; Chronische Krankheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the labour market impacts of lifestyle risk factors and associated chronic diseases, in terms of employment opportunities, wages, productivity, sick leave, early retirement and receipt of disability benefits. It provides a review of the evidence of the labour market outcomes of key risk factors (obesity, smoking and hazardous drinking) and of a number of related chronic diseases, along with findings from new analyses conducted on data from a selection of OECD countries. Overall, the evidence suggests that chronic diseases and associated risk factors have potentially large detrimental labour market impacts, but with mixed findings in some areas. Obesity and smoking clearly impair employment prospects, wages and labour productivity. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes have negative impacts on employment prospects and wages, and diabetes, cancer and arthritis lower labour productivity. Alcohol use, cancer, high blood pressure and arthritis have mixed effects on employment and wages, and are not always linked with increased sickness absence (e.g. cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure). Finally, this paper stresses the importance of these findings for the economy at large, and supports the use of carefully designed chronic disease prevention strategies targeting people at higher risk of adverse labour market outcomes, which may lead to substantial gains in economic production through a healthier and more productive workforce.
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  • 86
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 168
    Keywords: Berufsbildung ; Erwachsenenbildung ; Bildungsertrag ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In this report we investigate the effects of vocational education and training (VET) on adult skills and labour market outcomes by using the PIAAC survey. Data comparability across countries, the breath of countries involved, and the almost unique presence of information on assessed skills, training, earnings and employment makes this survey especially valuable to study the different facets of VET as compared to more academic education.
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  • 87
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 172
    Keywords: Elternzeit ; Frauen ; Kinderbetreuung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; OECD-Staaten ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The United States is at a crossroads in its policies towards the family and gender equality. Currently America provides basic support for children, fathers, and mothers in the form of unpaid parental leave, child-related tax breaks, and limited public childcare. Alternatively, the United States’ OECD peers empower families through paid parental leave and comprehensive investments in infants and children. The potential gains from strengthening these policies are enormous. Paid parental leave and subsidised childcare help get and keep more women in the workforce, contribute to economic growth, offer cognitive and health benefits to children, and extend choice for parents in finding their preferred work-life strategy. Indeed, the United States has been falling behind the rest of the OECD in many social and economic indicators by not adequately investing in children, fathers and mothers.
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  • 88
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2015/07
    Keywords: Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The Better Life Index was introduced by the OECD as a tool to chart the multi-dimensional well-being of OECD member countries, Brazil and the Russian Federation. However, the Better Life Index relies only on aggregate country-level indicators, and hence is insensitive to how multi-dimensional well-being outcomes are distributed within countries. This paper discusses how a distribution-sensitive Better Life Index could be designed and implemented. Based on five concrete recommendations for the design of the index, a family of indices is suggested. These indices are shown to be decomposable in interpretable building blocks. While a rich and comprehensive micro-level data set is necessary to implement the distribution-sensitive Better Life Index, no such data set is currently available for all OECD member countries. The paper proposes a ‘synthetic’ data set that relies on information about macro-level indicators and micro-level data from the Gallup World Poll. The implementation of the distribution-sensitive Better Life Index is illustrated with this synthetic data set. While the small sample size and other survey features of the Gallup World Poll imply a number of potential biases, illustrative calculations based on this synthetic data set indicates that, when taking distribution into account, Nordic countries are top-ranked whereas Greece, the Russian Federation and Turkey occupy the bottom positions. The results indicate sizeable losses due to multi-dimensional inequality for OECD member countries. Moreover, there are large differences in the level and composition of multi-dimensional inequality.
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  • 89
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD trade policy papers 183
    Keywords: Logistikdienstleister ; Regulierung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; OECD-Staaten ; Brasilien ; China ; Indien ; Indonesien ; Russland ; Südafrika ; Trade ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for logistics services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are calculated for 40 countries, the 34 OECD members and Brazil, the People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and South Africa. The STRIs capture de jure restrictions. This report presents the first vintage of indicators for logistics services and captures regulations in force in 2014. The scores range from 0.08 to 1 for cargo-handling services, 0.04 to 1 for storage and warehouse services, 0.02 to 0.58 for freight transport agency services and 0.03 to 1 for customs brokerage services. It is observed that the regulatory profile differs across countries. In cargo-handling and storage and warehouse services, one country reserves all services provision to a statutory monopoly while another country reserves cargo-handling to a monopoly at port. Freight transport agency has the lowest average score among four subsectors while restrictions on foreign entry, restrictions on the movement of people and regulatory transparency significantly contribute to the results. One country is completely closed to foreign participation in customs brokerage services. The paper presents the list of measures included in the indices, the scoring and weighting system for calculating the indices and an analysis of the results.
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    ISBN: 9789264249509
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Migrant Education
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of migrant education
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Immigrant students at school
    DDC: 330#DNB
    Keywords: Schüler ; Migranten ; Integration ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; OECD Programme for International Student Assessment ; Einwanderer ; Schulleistung ; Integration ; Chancengleichheit
    Abstract: How school systems respond to immigration has an enormous impact on the economic and social well-being of all members of the communities they serve, whether they have an immigrant background or not. Immigrant Students at School: Easing the Journey towards Integration reveals some of the difficulties immigrant students encounter – and some of the contributions they offer – as they settle into their new communities and new schools. Results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicate that students with an immigrant background tend to perform worse in school than students without an immigrant background. Several factors are associated with this disparity, including the concentration of disadvantage in the schools immigrant students attend, language barriers and certain school policies, like grade repetition and tracking, that can hinder immigrant students’ progress through school. But successful integration is measured in more than academic achievement; immigrant students’ well-being and hopes for the future are just as telling. This report examines not only immigrant students’ aspirations and sense of belonging at school, but also recent trends in Europeans’ receptiveness to welcoming immigrants into their own countries – the context that could make all the difference in how well immigrant students integrate into their new communities. The report includes a special section on refugees and education, and an extensive discussion on education policy responses to immigration.
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Series Statement: OECD social, employment and migration working papers 160
    Keywords: Finanzkrise ; Wanderungsstatistik ; Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Arbeitsmigranten ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Growing international migration and diverse characteristics of migrant populations make internationally comparable high-quality data on migrants essential. Regular update of these data is crucial to capture the changes in size and composition of migrant populations. This document presents the first results of the update of the Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) for 2010/11. It describes immigrant and emigrant populations by socio-demographic characteristics and labour market outcomes in the OECD, and shows their evolution in the past decade. It also provides updated emigration rates and brain drain figures...
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  • 92
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD digital economy papers 247
    Keywords: Industrie ; Verhalten in Organisationen ; Selbstverpflichtung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: In 2010, the OECD’s Committee on Consumer Policy published a Consumer Policy Toolkit, which provides a framework for developing and implementing effective consumer policies (OECD, 2010). The report notes that industry self-regulation (ISR) can play an important role in addressing consumer issues, particularly when business codes of conduct and standards are involved.[1] This report examines the roles that ISR can play in these and other areas more closely, examining conditions and situations where there are likely to be benefits, and the steps that need to be taken to help ensure that such initiatives succeed. The report draws on 23 case studies where consumer issues are addressed. The case studies are based on material provided by governments, businesses, civil society and other experts; for the most part the case studies have not been independently evaluated. They cover a range of sectors and activities, including advertising, financial services, telecommunications, video games and software applications (apps), toys, and direct selling. The case studies are illustrative of the ways that ISR has been used to address consumer issues; they do not cover areas where ISR has not been effective.
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (107 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 90
    Keywords: 2011 - 2020 ; Agrarpolitik ; Umweltbewertung ; Artenschutz ; Umweltökonomik ; Ökosystem ; OECD-Staaten ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews a number of OECD data sources to examine their potential for establishing indicators which can contribute to monitoring progress towards two of the 2011-2020 Aichi Biodiversity Targets under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), namely Target 3 on Incentives and Target 20 on Resource Mobilisation. Aichi Target 3 refers to the need to eliminate, phase out, or reform incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity and to develop and apply positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Aichi Target 20 refers to the need to substantially increase the mobilisation of financial resources from all sources to effectively implement the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. The objectives of this work were twofold, namely to (a) identify the indicator needs to monitor progress towards these two targets, and (b) examine to what extent existing relevant OECD datasets and monitoring systems can be used for these purposes, including the types of modifications to data collection methodology or classification that may be useful to better align the data sources with the indicator needs. Within this context, six data sources are reviewed and assessed, and gaps and data limitations as they pertain to the reporting purposes of the CBD are highlighted. Given the caveats that are raised, as well as the upcoming need to assess progress on the achievement of the Aichi Targets in 2020, the analysis here aims to provide policy-makers and negotiators with the information needed to consider whether existing OECD datasets could be used and built upon so as to further develop indicators that are useful for the CBD.
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  • 94
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (50 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD statistics working papers 2015/01
    Keywords: Wirtschaftliche Sicherheit ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Economics ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: People feel economically insecure when they perceive a significant hazard or danger looming in the future, which they are unable to insure against, avoid or ignore. While all OECD countries devote significant resources to mitigate economic insecurity, no consensus exists on the best way to measure it. The paper reviews the pros and cons of the main approaches proposed by the literature and identifies a number of criteria than an ideal measure of economic insecurity should satisfy. It advocates the construction of household level sub-indices for the hazards identified in the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights (i.e. unemployment, illness, widowhood, disability and old age) and their aggregation to an over-all summary measure of economic insecurity, discussing what could be done with existing data and what additional information should be collected.
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (59 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/06
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Unternehmensgründung ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Unternehmenserfolg ; Vergleich ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: The report provides a description of start-up dynamics exploiting the richness of the recently collected DynEmp v.2 database. The contribution of new firms in terms of new jobs to the existing workforce can be expressed as a combination of four different elements: the start-up rate; the average size of firms at point of entry; the survival rate; and the average growth rate of survivors. This decomposition shows that the four elements interplay in very different ways, even across economies with similar aggregate start-up contributions. The most homogenous component across countries is the survival rate, which is equal to just above 60% after three years from entry, to about 50% after five years, and to just over 40% after seven years. Furthermore, in most countries the probability of exiting is highest at the age of two, and decreases (linearly) beyond that age. When looking at employment growth of surviving businesses, it is found that the large majority of surviving micro start-ups do not grow; however, the tiny proportion of small start-ups which do grow creates a disproportionate amount of jobs.
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2015/08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Humankapital ; Bildungsinvestition ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This work proposes a task-based methodology for the measurement of employment and investment in organisational capital (OC) in 20 OECD countries. It builds on the methodology of Squicciarini and Le Mouel (2012) and uses information from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). OC is defined as firm-specific organisational knowledge resulting from the performance of tasks affecting the long-term functioning of firms, such as developing objectives and strategies; organising, planning and supervising production; and managing human resources. Cross-country heterogeneity in OC-related occupations emerges: while 20 occupational classes of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 2008) are on average identified as being OC-related, country-specific values range between 14 (in Korea) and 24 occupations (in Poland). A core group of managerial occupations are consistently identified as OC occupations across countries, whereas differences arise in the selection of professionals and associate professionals in science and engineering, health, education, and business administration. Estimates suggest the share of OC occupations in total employment to amount to 16% on average, with country-specific values that vary between 9.5% (Denmark) and 26% (United Kingdom); and that total investment in OC, as a share of value-added, ranges from 1.4% in the Czech Republic to 3.7% in the United Kingdom, with an average 2.2% across all countries. Managers appear to account for less than half of total employment and investment in OC. Total investment in OC results higher in services than in manufacturing. In the services sector, on average half of investment in OC comes from small firms, while in manufacturing, 45% of investment in OC comes from large firms. Finally, the importance of OC investment in the public sector is investigated. With only few exceptions, investment in OC is higher in the public sector than in the private sector. These estimates of OC investment can be used to analyse its role with respect to skill use and mismatch, its impact on the routinisation of tasks and resulting polarisation of wage distribution, and its role in firms' integration and upgrading along global value chains (GVC).
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD regional development working papers 2015/01
    Keywords: 2001 - 2011 ; Suburbanisierung ; Stadtstruktur ; Stadtwachstum ; Trend ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of urban spatial structure and its trends in the OECD between 2001 and 2011. It does so by using a standardised definition of urban areas in 29 OECD countries as composed of high density cores and their respective commuting zones. While urban population is growing everywhere, the way in which populations locate throughout the urban space differs across OECD cities and countries. The prevalent trend is an increasing dispersion of the population, with growth taking place outside existing centres. However, in specific countries, there are cities experiencing a higher growth in their central cores, while others are strengthening their polycentric structures. Overall, the population has grown more in relatively low-density locations close to the main centre, but outside it. Closeness to sub-centres also proves to be a strong advantage for growth and suggests the emergence of new centralities shaping urban spatial structures.
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (127 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD health working papers 80
    Keywords: Alkoholkonsum ; Gesundheitsrisiko ; Alkoholpolitik ; Mikrosimulation ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Alcohol policies have significant potential to curb alcohol-related harms, improve health, increase productivity, reduce crime and violence, and cut government expenditure. The WHO Global Strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol provides a menu of policy options based on international consensus, which the OECD has used as a starting point in identifying a set of policies to be assessed in an economic analysis based on a computer simulation approach. This working paper provides a comprehensive illustration of the modelling approach, input data and underlying assumptions that have been used to carry out the analyses. The policies assessed in three country settings – Canada, the Czech Republic and Germany – include price policies, regulation and enforcement policies, education programmes and health care interventions. The results of the OECD analyses show that brief interventions in primary care, typically targeting high-risk drinkers, and tax increases, which affect all drinkers, have the potential to generate large health gains. The impacts of regulation and enforcement policies as well as other health care interventions are more dependent on the setting and mode of implementation, while school-based programmes show less promise. Alcohol policies have the potential to prevent alcohol-related disabilities and injuries in hundreds of thousands of working-age people in the countries examined, with major potential gains in their productivity. Most alcohol policies are estimated to cut health care expenditures to the extent that their implementation costs would be more than offset. Health care interventions and enforcement of drinking-and-driving restrictions are more expensive policies, but they still have very favourable cost-effectiveness profiles.
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  • 99
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD taxation working papers 23
    Keywords: Energiesteuer ; Steuerwirkung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: New evidence for 21 OECD countries shows that the distributional effects of energy taxes differ by energy carrier. On an expenditure basis, taxes on transport fuels are not regressive on average, as households in lower expenditure deciles spend a lower proportion of their expenditure on taxes on transport fuels. While the unweighted 21-country average of the proportion of income spent on transport fuel taxes is highest for households in the lowest and in the middle deciles, there is heterogeneity across countries. Some countries show progressive effects of taxes on transport fuels both on an expenditure and an income basis, while others show more proportional effects or tend to place the highest burden on middle expenditure deciles. Taxes on heating fuels are slightly regressive, i.e., the percentage of expenditure spent on them decreases with expenditure. Taxes on electricity are more regressive than taxes on heating fuels.
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (34 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD economic policy paper 13
    Series Statement: OECD Economic Policy Papers no.13
    Keywords: Strukturpolitik ; Einkommensverteilung ; Vergleich ; Soziale Ungleichheit ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides new empirical evidence on the effects of structural policies on household disposable incomes at different income levels. More specifically, it investigates the extent to which structural policies have differential long-run impacts on GDP per capita and on household incomes at different points of the distribution. One aim is to verify whether policy decisions may face tradeoffs between objectives of economic efficiency and equity. Many growth enhancing structural reforms are found to deliver stronger income gains for households at the lower end of the distribution compared with the average household, an indication that they may reduce inequality in disposable incomes. Such is the case of reducing regulatory barriers to domestic competition as well as to trade and FDI; stepping-up job-search support and activation programmes. Conversely, other reforms involve trade-offs between the efficiency and equity objective. This is the case of the tightening of unemployment benefits for the long-term unemployed, which is found to lift GDP per capita and average household incomes, but also to reduce disposable incomes at the lower end of the distribution.
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