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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost-benefit analysis and the environment : further developments and policy use (2018)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062382 , 9789264085169 , 9789264298804
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (454 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Atkinson, Giles, 1969 - Cost benefit analysis and the environment
    RVK:
    QT 200
    Keywords: Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Environment ; Governance ; Economics ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomik ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This book explores recent developments in environmental cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This is defined as the application of CBA to projects or policies that have the deliberate aim of environmental improvement or are actions that affect, in some way, the natural environment as an indirect consequence. It builds on the previous OECD book by David Pearce et al. (2006), which took as its starting point that a number of developments in CBA, taken together, altered the way in which many economists would argue CBA should be carried out and that this was particularly so in the context of policies and projects with significant environmental impacts. It is a primary objective of the current book not only to assess more recent advances in CBA theory but also to identify how specific developments illustrate key thematic narratives with implications for practical use of environmental CBA in policy formulation and appraisal of investment projects. Perhaps the most significant development is the contribution of climate economics in its response to the challenge of appraising policy actions to mitigate (or adapt to) climate change. Work in this area has increased the focus on how to value costs and benefits that occur far into the future, particularly by showing how conventional procedures for establishing the social discount rate become highly problematic in this intergenerational context and what new approaches might be needed. The contribution of climate economics has also entailed thinking further about uncertainty in CBA, especially where uncertain outcomes might be associated with large (and adverse) impacts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085169-en
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Are environmental tax policies beneficial? : learning from programme evaluation studies (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 150
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper provides a concrete example of how policy analysts can use empirical programme evaluation studies to perform ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies. A number of studies credibly identify causal effects of environmentally related tax policies, but do not necessarily provide all the information needed to fully inform the policy-making process. This paper argues that cost-benefit analysis (CBA) could enrich ex-post assessments of environmentally related tax policies, given that CBA provides decision makers with a broader perspective of social costs and benefits and allows the identification of potential trade-offs among policy objectives.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/218df62b-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Flexibility mechanisms in environmental regulations : their use and impacts (2019)
    Paris, France : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 151
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Based on an in-depth literature review and responses to a survey among OECD member countries, this paper discusses the use of flexibility mechanisms in environmental regulations. Such mechanisms can provide flexibility as to how a given environmental improvement is achieved, regarding where environmental improvements take place, when they take place, as regards who is to achieve the improvements, and for which pollutants the emission reductions are to be achieved. The literature on these issues is limited, but it is clear that some such mechanisms can have important environmental and economic impacts. In certain cases, flexibility mechanisms which have provided important benefits in terms of cost reductions have proven to also shift pollution to areas where the negative health impacts are larger. Hence, it will be useful to carefully assess the related social costs and benefits of both existing and new flexibility mechanisms.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/a6d3ef45-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monetary carbon values in policy appraisal : an overview of current practice and key issues (2015)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 92
    Keywords: Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Klimapolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cost-benefit analyses and other quantitative appraisals are used in many countries to support decision-making in different areas of public policy, including many investment projects in sectors such as transport and energy. These decisions can have significant effects – either negative or positive – on future emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases and it is important whether, and how, countries incorporate estimates of the marginal value of changes in carbon dioxide emissions into these analyses. This paper discusses the range of approaches which can be employed to value changes in carbon emissions in policy appraisals, setting out the key issues in the choice of valuation principles, and presents some case studies and a survey of current practice in OECD countries.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: PDF Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrs8st3ngvh-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of the air pollution tax and emission concentration limits in the Czech Republic (2021)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.174
    Keywords: Environment ; Taxation ; Czech Republic
    Abstract: This paper assesses the design of the air pollution tax in conjunction with a stringency analysis of the emission concentration limits in the Czech Republic. The analysis draws upon a detailed database containing environmental reporting by industrial stationary sources. The assessment of the emission concentration limits focuses on analysing the shift of the statutory limits between 2013 and 2017 and the corresponding real-life measured concentration on individual source basis. It provides an assessment of stringency of the air protection instrument and also of the vintage differentiation applied in the form of transitional schemes. The stringency analysis of the emission concentration limits stringency is related to the air pollution tax relief provision.
    DOI: 10.1787/172ad5b9-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tax preferences for environmental goals : use, limitations and preferred practices (2014)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (56 S.) , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers 71
    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Steuervergünstigung ; Steuerwirkung ; Steuerpolitik ; Umweltbewusstsein ; Environment ; Taxation ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper reviews the use of tax preferences to achieve environmental policy objectives. Tax preferences involve using the tax system to adjust relative prices with a view to influencing producer or consumer behaviour in favour of goods or services that are considered to be environmentally beneficial. They take various forms, typically a partial or total exemption from a specified tax. Because tax preferences help to avoid or reduce costs for businesses or consumers, there are often pressures on governments to favour them over other instruments. As a result, they are sometimes used inappropriately, typically to address negative externalities for which they are not well suited. The paper suggests that the comparative advantage of tax preferences is in providing support for positive externalities, that is situations in which a subsidy would help to deliver more social benefits than would otherwise be the case. When designing tax preferences, care must be taken to ensure that they do not encourage technological lock-in, provide perverse incentives for environmentally harmful activities (the rebound effect), or reward producers or consumers for actions they would have taken anyway. Since tax preferences are a form of subsidy, they should be subject to the same degree of scrutiny and oversight as other forms of public expenditure.
    Note: Zsfassung in franz. Sprache , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/5jxwrr4hkd6l-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The rising cost of ambient air pollution thus far in the 21st century : results from the BRIICS and the OECD countries (2017)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 32 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD environment working papers no. 124
    Keywords: Luftverschmutzung ; Umweltkosten ; Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ; Sterblichkeit ; Wert des Menschenlebens ; BRICS-Staaten ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper presents updated results for the cost of ambient air pollution in 41 countries: the 6 major emerging economies known as the BRIICS – Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa – and the 35 member-countries of the OECD. It draws on the epidemiological evidence base assembled in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, in order to detail results for mortalities from ambient air pollution (AAP) – ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and ambient ozone pollution (AOP) – in each of these 41 countries, at successive five-year intervals from 2000 to 2015.
    Note: Zusammenfassung in französischer Sprache
    DOI: 10.1787/d1b2b844-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions between emission trading systems and other overlapping policy instruments (2011)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 16 Seiten)
    Series Statement: OECD green growth papers 2011, 02
    Keywords: Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Well designed emission trading systems are environmentally effective and economically efficient instruments to address emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. This paper discusses interactions that can occur when a cap-and-trade based emission trading system is combined with overlapping policy instruments (environmentally related taxes, subsidies, ‘command-and-control regulations, information instruments, etc.), addressing emissions stemming from the same sources.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97gk44c6vf-en
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Politiques de l'environnement : quelles combinaisons d'instruments? (2007)
    Paris : OCDE
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018426
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 266 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2011 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Instrument Mixes for Environmental Policy
    Keywords: Environmental protection ; Environmental policy
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Instrument mixes for environmental policy , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018754-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Instrument mixes for environmental policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018419
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 238 S.) , graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2009 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Braathen, Nils Axel Instrument mixes for environmental policy
    DDC: 333.7
    Keywords: Environmental policy ; Environmental protection ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: What are the impacts on environmental effectiveness and economic efficiency of using an "instrument mix", rather than a single instrument, to address a given environmental problem? What are the main arguments for using such instrument mixes, and are the instrument mixes currently in use actually well designed in response to these arguments? These are the main questions addressed in this report, which is based on a series of in-depth case studies.  The case studies analyse instrument mixes applied in OECD countries to address household waste, non-point sources of water pollution in agricul
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword; Table of Contents; Acronyms; Executive Summary; Chapter 1. Introduction and Basic Concepts; Chapter 2. Instrument Mixes Addressing Household Waste Generation; Chapter 3. Instrument Mixes Addressing Non-point Sources of Water Pollution; Chapter 4. Instrument Mixes Addressing Residential Energy Efficiency; Chapter 5. Instrument Mixes Addressing Regional Air Pollution; Chapter 6. Instrument Mixes Addressing Emissions to Air of Mercury; Chapter 7. Analysis of Current Use of Instrument Mixes; Chapter 8. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations; References;
    Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-233) , Published in French under the title: Politiques de l'environnement : quelles combinaisons d'instruments? , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Politiques de l'environnement : quelles combinaisons d'instruments? , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018419-en
    URL: Volltext
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