Containing the risks of climate change requires accelerating the transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Countries can employ or reform a wide range of policy instruments to cut emissions. This book series tracks and analyses explicit carbon prices, energy taxes and subsidies – an important subset of climate policy instruments that directly alter the cost of emitting GHG or change electricity prices. Reforming these instruments could help to meet climate targets, lead to cleaner air and water, and in the near to medium term improve public finances. The underlying database covers over 70 countries, which together account for approximately 80% of global GHG emissions and energy use. It contains rich information on explicit carbon prices, energy taxes and subsidies – detailed by country, sector, product and instrument. The use of a common methodology ensures comparability across countries. Summary indicators facilitate cross country comparisons and allow policy makers and the public to keep track of progress made and identify opportunities for reform.