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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (765)
  • 2005-2009  (765)
  • 2009  (765)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (765)
  • München : GRIN Verlag GmbH
Datasource
Material
Language
Years
  • 2005-2009  (765)
Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Future of International Migration to OECD Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264064126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 304.82
    RVK:
    MS 1560
    Keywords: OECD ; Prognose 2008-2030 ; Gesellschaft ; Migration ; Internationale Migration ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect social ; Pays de l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques - Émigration et immigration - Aspect économique ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Economic aspects ; OECD countries Emigration and immigration ; Social aspects ; OECD ; Internationale Migration ; Prognose 2008-2030
    Abstract: This book explores the social, economic and environmental forces that may combine to attract migrants of various types and backgrounds to OECD countries, as well as those that may persuade migrants to leave their countries or to stay at home. By analyzing different pull and push factors and constructing five different scenarios of migration in the future, this volume casts light on major determinants of global migration flows, which OECD countries will look particularly attractive for migrants, where the pressures to migrate be especially strong and what kind of migration-related issues will policy makers likely be facing as 2030 approaches.--Publisher's description.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264064126-en
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    München UB
    Würzburg UB
    Regensburg UB
    BSZ
    GBV
    KOBV
    BVB
    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How Regions Grow : Trends and Analysis (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264039469
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Régions et croissance ; Une analyse des tendances
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How regions grow
    RVK:
    QY 000
    Keywords: Regionales Wachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; OECD ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: Regional differences within OECD countries are often greater than those between countries and much inequality remains. This report explores what generates growth at the regional level. Based on in-depth econometric modelling and analyses, this report reframes the debate on regional policy and development, emphasising that opportunities for growth exist in all regions.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264039469-en
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    L' emploi public : Un état des lieux (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264055902
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (102 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The State of the Public Service
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance
    Abstract: Au cours des 20 dernières années, la gestion de l’emploi public a évolué de façon spectaculaire dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Premièrement, les gouvernements se sont efforcés de réduire sa taille afin de diminuer les coûts de la production de services publics, soit directement, soit indirectement en sous-traitant la prestation de services au secteur privé dans la recherche d’une plus grande efficacité. Deuxièmement, dans nombre de cas, les gouvernements ont tenté d’appliquer les bons principes de gestion à la gestion de la fonction publique. C’est ainsi que l’emploi public dans nombre de secteurs de l’administration a perdu son caractère unique et est devenu assez semblable au système d’emploi général des différents pays. Cette publication dresse un bilan des principaux changements intervenus dans la gestion de l’emploi public dans les pays de l’OCDE. Elle examine également la manière dont les pays trouvent un équilibre entre, d’une part, le soutien des valeurs fondamentales comme l’équité, la justice et la cohésion sociale, de façon à préserver la confiance politique dans l’ensemble de l’appareil gouvernemental et, de l’autre, l’attention à l’efficience, à la productivité et à l’efficacité.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264055902-fr
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Investment Policy Reviews: India 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076969
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (214 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Investment Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement ; Inde 2009
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als India
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Investitionspolitik ; Indien ; Finance and Investment ; India ; Bericht ; Indien ; Auslandsinvestition
    Abstract: This review of India's investment policy finds that India has made tremendous progress in building a policy environment to encourage investment. As a result, the country’s economy is growing more rapidly and FDI inflows have accelerated impressively. However, investment remains insufficient to meet India’s needs, particularly in infrastructure. Current efforts to strengthen and liberalise the regulatory framework for investment need to be intensified. India’s well-developed economic legislation should be implemented at an accelerated pace both at national level and right across India’s States and Union Territories. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: India charts India's progress in developing an effective policy framework to promote investment for development, especially since the acceleration of economic reform from 1991 onward. It focuses on policies towards investment, trade, competition and other elements of the business environment. Finally, it outlines some of the challenges of implementing national-level reforms at state level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076969-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Renforcement des organisations régionales de la pêche (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073357
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (132 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Strengthening Regional Fisheries Management Organisations
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: L’élaboration et l’entrée en vigueur de l’Accord des Nations Unies sur les stocks chevauchants en 1995 marquait la volonté de la communauté internationale de renforcer les organisations régionales de gestion des pêches, établies pour assurer la gestion des ressources hauturières partagées. Cette étude dresse le bilan des changements introduits dans ces organisations et met en évidence le processus progressif d’amélioration qui a débouché sur de véritables succès. Quoiqu’il n’existe pas de recette unique pour mener à bien ce processus, l’étude souligne qu’il est essentiel de veiller à la présence de certains éléments fondamentaux permettant de créer et de maintenir la dynamique économique et politique indispensable au changement. La modification des incitations économiques sous-jacentes pourrait contribuer au rapprochement des intérêts des pays membres, propice à la formation de coalitions en faveur de la réforme. Cette étude s’appuie sur les informations contenues dans les études de plusieurs ORGP et plus particulièrement de la Commission pour la conservation du thon rouge du sud, de la Commission internationale pour la conservation des thonidés de l'Atlantique, de l’Organisation des pêches de l’Atlantique nord-ouest et de la Commission des pêches de l'Atlantique nord-est.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073357-fr
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Students with Disabilities, Learning Difficulties and Disadvantages in the Baltic States, South Eastern Europe and Malta : Educational Policies and Indicators (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076860
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (190 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education ; Baltic States ; Malta
    Abstract: This book provides an internationally comparable set of indicators on the educational provision for students with disabilities, learning difficulties and disadvantages (SENDDD). It covers the number of students concerned, their learning environment (special schools, special classes and regular classes) and level of education (pre-primary, compulsory and upper secondary education). It also discusses policy implications vis-à-vis special education needs and offers an analysis of the participation and performance of students with special education needs in the 2006 round of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076860-en
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Do No Harm : International Support for Statebuilding (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264046245
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Despite the best of intentions, donors can inadvertently undermine statebuilding processes. When the resources they deliver or the reforms they advocate weaken rather than strengthen the state’s decision- and policy-making functions, their efforts can do more harm than good. Donors can also do harm by creating a brain drain away from state organisations – for instance, by hiring the most qualified civil servants. When aid is delivered in a way that actually acts as a disincentive to states to consolidate their own revenue base, this can retard the development of the state’s own capacity. How can donors ensure they do no harm? How can they be sure they intervene constructively in fragile situations? Do No Harm provides practical guidance based on the results of research undertaken on behalf of the OECD DAC International Network on Conflict and Fragility (INCAF). The book is based on comparative case studies of six countries (Afghanistan, Bolivia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nepal, Rwanda and Sierra Leone) and a comprehensive literature review. It addresses how the interventions of OECD countries may risk undermining positive statebuilding processes, and makes recommendations as to how this may be avoided in the future. Do No Harm is an important source to guide external engagement in situations of fragility and conflict, both at the policy and the field level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046245-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La bioéconomie à l'horizon 2030 : Quel programme d'action ? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056909
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (368 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Bioeconomy to 2030; Designing a Policy Agenda
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics
    Abstract: Les sciences biologiques apportent une valeur ajoutée à de très nombreux biens et services qui sont génériquement réunis sous le terme de « bioéconomie » et les progrès dans ce domaine peuvent aboutir à des avancées socioéconomiques majeures, dans les pays de l’OCDE. En utilisant des analyses quantitatives des données concernant les innovations en cours et les dépenses de recherche et développement tirées des bases de données privées et publiques, elle estime les évolutions futures dans le domaine des biotechnologies d’ici 2015. Adoptant un point de vue institutionnel plus large, elle examine également les rôles joués par le financement de la recherche et du développement, les ressources humaines, la propriété intellectuelle et la réglementation de la bioéconomie, ainsi que les évolutions futures qui seraient susceptibles d’influer sur les nouveaux modèles économiques. Des scénarios fictifs à l’horizon 2030 sont pris en compte pour encourager les lecteurs à réfléchir sur l’interaction entre les choix de politique économique et les avancées technologiques dans la mise en place de la bioéconomie. Enfin, l’ouvrage étudie les différentes options de politique économique permettant de tirer parti des avantages sociaux, environnementaux et économiques de la bioéconomie.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056909-fr
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins de santé (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074255
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur les politiques de santé
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Achieving Better Value for Money in Health Care
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: La hausse des dépenses publiques de santé reste un problème dans pratiquement tous les pays de l’OCDE et de l’Union européenne. C’est pourquoi l’attention se porte de plus en plus sur les mesures qui atténueront ces pressions en améliorant la performance des systèmes de santé. Ce rapport présente un ensemble de politiques pouvant aider les pays à améliorer l’efficience des systèmes de santé et ainsi à obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins. Un large éventail d’instruments d’action sont examinés en tirant parti de données et d’études de cas portant sur de nombreux pays. Les thèmes suivants sont traités : le rôle de la concurrence sur les marchés de la santé ; les possibilités d’amélioration de la coordination des soins ; une tarification plus adaptée des produits pharmaceutiques ; un contrôle plus poussé de la qualité s’appuyant sur une utilisation plus intensive des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour les soins ; un plus large partage des coûts.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074255-fr
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Politiques de soutien des biocarburants : une évaluation économique (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264050167
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (166 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Biofuel Support Policies; An Economic Assessment
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment
    Abstract: Les gouvernements de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, mais aussi de plusieurs pays non membres, s’emploient activement à promouvoir la production et la consommation de nouveaux carburants de transport issus de produits agricoles. Le rapport conclut qu’il existe d’autres solutions que les politiques actuelles de soutien des biocarburants qui permettraient aux gouvernements de réaliser plus efficacement leurs objectifs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264050167-fr
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Working Out Change : Systemic Innovation in Vocational Education and Training (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075924
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (260 p.)
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This book analyses systemic innovation in education by looking at the ways in which educational systems encourage innovation, the knowledge base and processes used, and the procedures and criteria used to assess progress and evaluate outcomes. It draws on findings from 14 case studies in Vocational Education and Training in six OECD countries: Australia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Mexico and Switzerland. The resulting analysis helps us understand how we can support and sustain innovation in educational systems in the VET sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075924-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Doing Better for Children (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059344
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Doing better for children
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Assurer le bien-être des enfants
    DDC: 305.23091722
    RVK:
    DV 3000
    Keywords: Kinder ; OECD-Staaten ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; Electronic books ; Graue Literatur ; OECD ; Kind
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059344-en
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Higher Education to 2030, Volume 2, Globalisation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (356 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Educational Research and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'enseignement supérieur à l'horizon 2030 -- Volume 2 ; Mondialisation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Higher education to 2030 ; Vol. 2: Globalisation
    DDC: 378.00112
    RVK:
    AL 19900
    RVK:
    AL 43900
    RVK:
    QX 850
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; Forschungskooperation ; Hochschulpolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Hochschule ; Globalisierung ; Studium ; Auslandsaufenthalt ; OECD
    Abstract: Growing flows of knowledge, people and financing cross national borders and feed both worldwide collaboration and competition. These effects of globalisation increasingly impact higher education. How then might the future higher education scene look at the global level? What are the challenges and opportunities brought by globalisation? How can countries and institutions best cope with and benefit from future changes? Through both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this book provides a comprehensive and structured look at these essential questions. It explores the topic of cross-border higher education in terms of student, faculty and institutional mobility, providing a specific focus on academic research. Other issues addressed include higher education provision, financing, governance and quality assurance, with an emphasis on the use of market-like mechanisms. The book covers most OECD countries as well as many non-OECD countries and offers the reader specific reflections on China, India and European co-operation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075375-en
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  • 14
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    West African perspectives : resources for development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059764
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 115 S.) , Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2010 Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: West African studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Verdière, Michel Colin de West African perspectives
    DDC: 305.40966
    Keywords: Economic development ; Africa, West Economic policy ; Africa, West Social policy ; Africa, West Social conditions 21st century ; Africa, West Economic conditions 21st century ; Westafrika ; Entwicklungsökonomie
    Abstract: This publication conducts a cross-cutting analysis of the main development challenges in the region and offers suggestions on how to meet them. It provides an overview of West Africa's abundant resources, examining not only economic and natural resources but also human, social and cultural capital. Finally, it presents the perspectives of six prominent West Africans involved in the development of their region.--Publisher's description
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: Perspectives ouest-africaines : les ressources pour le développement , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059764-en
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  • 15
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    Focus on Citizens : Public Engagement for Better Policy and Services (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Show associated volumes/articles
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264048874
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (322 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on Public Engagement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Focus on citizens
    DDC: 323.042
    RVK:
    MD 6500
    RVK:
    MF 7040
    Keywords: Bürgerbeteiligung ; OECD-Staaten ; Governance ; Bürgerbeteiligung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Abstract: Complex policy issues cannot be solved by government alone. Delivering high-quality public services at the least cost and achieving shared public policy goals requires innovative approaches and greater involvement of citizens. This book is a valuable source of information on government performance in fostering open and inclusive policy making in 25 countries. It offers rich insights into current practice through 14 in-depth country case studies and 18 opinion pieces from leading civil society and government practitioners. It includes 10 guiding principles to support open and inclusive policy making and service delivery in practice. “Including more people, earlier and more creatively, in public policy issues is vital not just to secure legitimacy for policy decisions, but also to unlock a mass of creativity and commitment. Innovation is increasingly going to become an open, social and networked activity. That is true in politics and policy as much as in business. This timely, thoughtful book will help make open innovation in public policy a practical reality.” -Charles Leadbeater, author We-think: Mass innovation not mass production “We cannot engage the public only on issues of service delivery, but need also to seek their views, energy and resources when shaping public policy. To do otherwise is to create a false distinction between design and delivery, when in the citizens’ eyes it is all connected.” -Irma Pavliniè Krebs, Minister of Public Administration, the Republic of Slovenia “Focus on Citizens shines a light on the practical difficulties and significant benefits of open and inclusive policy making – not only for OECD member country governments but equally for non-member countries.” -Bart W. Édes, Head, NGO and Civil Society Center, Asian Development Bank
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264048874-en
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  • 16
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    Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires : Volume 1 : Politiques et pratiques (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044722
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (219 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 : política y práctica
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Schulverwaltung ; Internationaler Vergleich
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Avant-propos""; ""Table des mati�res""; ""Résumé""; ""Chapitre 1 L�importance de la direction dans les établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 2 ( Re) définir les responsabilités de direction des établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 3 La répartition des fonctions de direction dans les établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 4 Développer les compétences pour une direction efficace des établissements scolaires""; ""Chapitre 5 Faire de la direction des établissements scolaires un choix professionnel attrayant""; ""À propos des auteurs""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044739-fr
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  • 17
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    Perspectives de lOCDE sur les pensions privées 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044401
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (332 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Private Pensions Outlook 2008
    Keywords: Electronic books ; Private Altersversorgung ; Pensionskasse
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Avant-propos ""; ""Remerciements ""; ""Table des mati�res ""; ""Dossier spécial : les pensions privées et les turbulences observées en 2008 sur les marchés financiers""; ""Graphique S.1. Performances des grandes places boursi�res""; ""Graphique S.2. Rendements nominaux et réels des fonds de pension dans certains pays de l�OCDE, de janvier à octobre 2008""; ""Graphique S.3. Rendement nominal annuel moyen des fonds de pension dans certains pays de l�OCDE, au cours des 5, 10 et 15 derni�res années""; ""Conséquences de la crise financi�re pour l�épargne-retraite""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Réactions aux turbulences sur les marchés financiers""""Vers un nouvel ordre du jour réglementaire""; ""Note""; ""Introduction""; ""Guide du lecteur""; ""Le projet sur les statistiques de pensions de l�OCDE au niveau mondial""; ""La classification de l�OCDE""; ""Graphique R.1. Plans de retraite privés : Perspective fonctionnelle""; ""Graphique R.2. Plans de retraite privés : Perspective institutionnelle""; ""Sources""; ""Couverture statistique""; ""Texte, graphiques et tableaux""; ""Limitations des données""; ""Glossaire""; ""StatLink""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Acronymes, symboles et signes conventionnels """"Chapitre 1. R�le et typologie des syst�mes de pension privés""; ""1.1. Le r�le croissant de la capitalisation et des pensions privées dans le financement des retraites""; ""Tableau 1.1. Typologie des plans de retraite privés dans les pays de l�OCDE""; ""Graphique 1.1. Dépenses publiques et privées au titre des retraites dans certains pays de l�OCDE, 2006""; ""Encadré 1.1. Définitions""; ""Graphique 1.2. Total des actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés, 2007""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Tableau 1.2. Total des actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés dans les grands pays de l�OCDE, 2007""""Graphique 1.3. Actifs détenus par les plans de retraite privés et taux de remplacement brut assuré par le syst�me de retraite public, 2007""; ""Graphique 1.4. Actifs de pension privés en pourcentage du PIB en 2007 et différence entre le taux de croissance moyen de ces actifs et le taux de croissance du PIB, dans certains pays de l�OCDE, sur la période 2001-07""; ""Graphique 1.5. Rapport de la population inactive âgée de 65 ans et plus à la population active""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Graphique 1.6. Ratio des fonds de réserve pour les retraites des régimes publics aux dépenses de retraite publiques dans certains pays de l�OCDE, 2006""""1.2. Le r�le des investisseurs institutionnels dans les syst�mes de retraite""; ""Graphique 1.7. Total des actifs sous gestion dans différents types d�entités financi�res, 2007""; ""Graphique 1.8. Part relative et total des actifs selon le type d�investisseur institutionnel, 1995-2007""; ""1.3. Typologie des syst�mes de pension privés dans les pays de l�OCDE""; ""1.3.1. Typologie des supports de financement""
    Description / Table of Contents: ""Graphique 1.9. Actifs de pension privés selon le support de financement, 2007""
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056916-fr
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  • 18
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    Surmonter les obstacles à la frontière : Coûts et bénéfices de la facilitation des échanges (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056978
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 p.)
    Series Statement: Etudes de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur la politique commerciale
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Overcoming Border Bottlenecks; The Costs and Benefits of Trade Facilitation
    Keywords: Trade ; Electronic books
    Abstract: Les échanges internationaux se sont considérablement développés ces dernières années, grâce en partie à la réduction progressive des droits de douane et des contingents tarifaires dans le cadre des cycles successifs de libéralisation multilatérale des échanges. Toutefois, ce développement met en avant une des faiblesses persistantes du commerce international: les obstacles à la frontière que produisent les procédures et formalités commerciales inefficaces, obsolètes et compliquées empêchent les pays de profiter pleinement des avantages de marchés mondiaux ouverts. Les six études rassemblées dans cette publication examinent dans quel mesure des procédures inefficaces à la frontière ont un impact sur les flux des échanges et des investissements, comment les facteurs institutionnels et politiques affectent la conception et la mise en œuvre de mesures visant à améliorer l’efficacité accompagnés de bénéfices escomptés de ces mesures pour justifier les dépenses nécessaires pour les mettre en place et si ces dépenses sont à la portée des pays en voie de développement et des pays les moins avancés, étant donné leurs autres priorités de développement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056978-fr
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  • 19
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    Lobbyists, Governments and Public Trust, Volume 1 : Increasing Transparency through Legislation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073371
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (170 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Lobbying, pouvoirs publics et confiance, Volume 1 ; Quel cadre législatif pour plus de transparence ?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lobbyists, governments and public trust ; Vol. 1: Increasing transparency through legislation
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Lobbying can improve policy making by providing valuable insights and data, but it can also result in unfair advantages for vested interests if the process is opaque and standards are lax. Lobbying is resource intensive. The financial services sector in the United States spent USD 3.4 billion lobbying the federal government between 1998 and 2008, principally promoting the deregulation of the financial sector. Legions of lobbyists provide “guns for hire” worldwide. In 2008, there were over 5 000 registered lobbyists in Canada at the national level, while the European Commission in Brussels had over 2 000 registered as of August 2009. This report reviews the experiences of Australia, Canada, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States with government regulations designed to increase scrutiny for lobbying and lobbyists. Current approaches, models, trends and state-of-the-art solutions are examined to support a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of existing norms. The report also presents building blocks for developing a framework for lobbying that meets public expectations for transparency, accountability and integrity
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073371-en
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  • 20
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    Designing Local Skills Strategies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264066649
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Designing local skills strategies
    DDC: 338.9
    RVK:
    QV 240
    Keywords: Wirtschaftsförderung ; Qualifikation ; Humankapital ; Berufsbildungspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Electronic books ; Fallstudiensammlung ; Ungelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Weiterbildung ; Angelernter Arbeiter ; Berufliche Qualifikation ; Berufliche Fortbildung
    Abstract: Higher-level skills are increasingly demanded by the knowledge-based economy. But with rising mobility and demographic change, it is no longer so simple to invest in a skilled workforce for the future. Actions are needed on a variety of fronts, including attracting and retaining talent, better integrating disadvantaged groups into the labour force, and upgrading the skills of low-paid workers. Much of the responsibility for these actions falls squarely on the shoulders of local policy makers. Drawing from a wide array of case studies, this book analyses best-practice local strategies for increasing workforce skills. And it also takes a close look at the opportunities and challenges presented by international migration. The in-depth case studies in this report range from Shanghai’s “Highland of Talent Strategy” to new “career ladders” which help immigrants escape low-skilled, low-paid employment in New York. National and local-level recommendations on local skills development are provided, for both OECD and non-OECD countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264066649-en
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  • 21
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    Gérer les ressources pour le développement : L'utilisation des systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056183
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Managing Development Resources; The Use of Country Systems in Public Financial Management
    Keywords: Development ; Electronic books
    Abstract: La réussite du processus de développement dépend pour beaucoup de l’efficience, de l’intégrité et de l’efficacité avec lesquelles l’État collecte, gère et dépense les deniers publics. L’amélioration des règles et institutions qui encadrent ces activités devrait donc être une composante essentielle de toute démarche en faveur du développement. La consolidation de la gestion des finances publiques, et de la bonne gouvernance de façon plus générale, étant au cœur des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement, la Déclaration de Paris (adoptée en 2005) vise à encourager les donneurs et les pays partenaires à déployer des efforts conjoints pour renforcer leurs systèmes de gestion des finances publiques. Ce rapport a pour objet de faire le point sur les progrès accomplis concernant la consolidation de la gestion des finances publiques et de formuler des recommandations sur la voie à suivre pour atteindre les objectifs 2010 fixés dans la Déclaration de Paris. Il examine les avantages et le bien-fondé de l’utilisation des systèmes nationaux, evalue les progrès réalisés en direction des objectifs énoncés dans la Déclaration de Paris, passe en en revue toute la palette de réformes intéressant la gestion des finances publiques engagées dans les pays partenaires, étudie les facteurs de réussite des réformes entreprises dans le domaine de la gestion des finances publiques, examine les paramètres qui influent sur les décisions qui sont prises d’utiliser, ou non, les systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques, en mettant l’accent sur les risques perçus et sur la manière dont ils sont évalués et gérés, et reprend les conclusions du Programme d’examen des dépenses publiques et d’évaluation de la responsabilité financière (PEFA) qui contient des informations sur la qualité des systèmes nationaux de gestion des finances publiques.Il ressort de cette étude que désormais, et peut-être plus que jamais auparavant, pays partenaires et donneurs doivent absolument s’employer à bâtir une confiance mutuelle et à œuvrer ensemble à la construction de véritables partenariats au service de résultats.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056183-fr
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  • 22
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    Regional Atlas on West Africa (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056763
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: West African Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Atlas régional de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regional atlas on West Africa
    DDC: 911.66
    RVK:
    RS 39229
    Keywords: Länderbericht ; Wirtschaftsgeographie ; Humangeographie ; Westafrika ; Development ; Westafrika ; Landeskunde ; Atlas ; Africa, West Economic conditions ; 1960- ; Africa, West Economic integration ; Africa, West Emigration and immigration ; Africa, West Population ; Africa, West Social conditions ; Africa, West Statistics, Vital ; Atlas ; Atlas ; Westafrika ; Landeskunde ; Wirtschaftliche Lage ; Wirtschaftsbeziehungen ; Migration ; Bevölkerung ; Soziale Situation ; Lebensbedingungen ; Statistik ; Atlas
    Abstract: Recent global changes have placed regional integration at the centre of Africa’s political and economic agenda. This Atlas is both a driver and the result of strategic thinking on regional integration in West Africa. Containing maps, statistics and analyses, it describes the West African region, its population, settlement, territories, its economy and its vulnerabilities. It analyses the developments and the ways in which West Africa is conforming to a constantly changing global environment. The Atlas also identifies the medium- and long-term trends and provides elements for strategic thinking on the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056763-en
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  • 23
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    IEA Scoreboard 2009 : 35 Key Energy Trends over 35 Years (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264063785
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (144 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: Measuring and assessing how much has been done by member countries over the years to follow their underlying principles is not an easy task. Each country is unique in terms of economy, geography, climate, energy resources, etc. Taking into account some of these specificities, the IEA Scoreboard 2009 compares what has been achieved by member countries in diversifying their energy mix, in promoting non-fossil fuels and energy efficiency, in encouraging research and development, and, more generally, in creating a policy framework consistent with their shared policy goals. Since the IEA Scoreboard 2009 is published in conjunction with the 35th anniversary of the IEA, 35 themes, ranging from diversification to prices, show how IEA countries have performed in their efforts to attain energy security, environmental protection and economic growth. This book, which combines statistical rigour with easy access and readability, is an ideal resource for anyone who would like to have a quick overview of energy development in IEA member countries over the last 35 years. The publication also includes selected energy-related statistics for over 140 countries, economies and regions in the world.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264063785-en
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  • 24
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    International Trade : Free, Fair and Open? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060265 , 9789264107137
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (194 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Insights
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le commerce international ; Libre, équitable et ouvert ?
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Internationaler Handel; Frei, fair und offen?
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Love, Patrick International trade
    DDC: 382.1
    RVK:
    QM 200
    Keywords: Internationale Wirtschaft ; Welt ; Außenhandel ; Handelsvertrag ; Freihandel ; Fairer Handel ; Liberalisierung ; Economics ; Trade ; Erde ; Welthandel
    Abstract: International trade affects the price and availability of practically everything we buy. It also plays a role in many other domains, including jobs, the environment and the fight against poverty. OECD Insights: International Trade argues that prosperity has rarely, if ever, been achieved or sustained without trade. Trade alone, however, is not enough. Policies targeting employment, education, health and other issues are also needed to promote well-being and tackle the challenges of a globalised economy. "The OECD is a major source for insightful analyses of current trade issues. It also plays a role in disseminating skilfully the results of less accessible writings on trade. This short book is a valuable addition to the latter endeavour and should be on the shelf of policy makers." -Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia University
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060265-en
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  • 25
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Copenhagen, Denmark 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060036
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (292 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Copenhagen, Denmark
    Keywords: Stadtwachstum ; Wirtschaftsförderung ; Ballungsraum ; Kopenhagen ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Denmark ; Kopenhagen ; Ballungsraum ; Stadtentwicklung
    Abstract: The Copenhagen metropolitan region accounts for nearly half of Denmark's national output and plays a key role for the country as a whole. Nevertheless, it has witnessed only modest economic growth over the last decade. This review of metropolitan area policy for Copenhagen examines key challenges including modest economic growth, scarcity of skilled workers and barriers to research and development. The report also examines how public institutions affect regional economic growth. Issues considered include: inter-municipal co-operation, local finance, public management, political leadership, and coordination mechanisms between the central government and the region.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060036-en
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  • 26
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    Achieving Better Value for Money in Health Care (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074231
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Health Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix dans les soins de santé
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Achieving better value for money in health care
    RVK:
    QX 705
    Keywords: Gesundheitskosten ; Gesundheitsreform ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Gesundheitspolitik
    Abstract: Rising public health care spending remains a problem in virtually all OECD and EU member countries. As a consequence, there is growing interest in policies that will ease this pressure through improved health system performance. This report examines selected policies that may help countries better achieve the goal of improved health system efficiency and thus better value for money. Drawing on multinational data sets and case studies, it examines a range policy instruments. These include: the role of competition in health markets; the scope for improving care coordination; better pharmaceutical pricing policies; greater quality control supported by stronger information and communication technology in health care; and increased cost sharing.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074231-en
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  • 27
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    Engaging with High Net Worth Individuals on Tax Compliance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068872
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Engaging with high net worth individuals on tax compliance
    RVK:
    QL 410
    Keywords: Finanzverwaltung ; Steuermoral ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Reichtum ; Individuum ; Steuermoral ; Steuerpolitik
    Abstract: High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) pose significant challenges to tax administrations due to the complexity of their affairs, their revenue contribution, the opportunity for aggressive tax planning, and the impact of their compliance behaviour on the integrity of the tax system. This publication examines in detail this taxpayer segment, describes their usage of aggressive tax planning schemes and proposes prevention, detection and response strategies that tax administrations can use to respond to these challenges. It also addresses aspects of voluntary disclosure initiatives for past non-compliance that may be particularly pertinent in the current environment. The publication outlines a number of innovative approaches to enable governments to better manage the risks involved with marketed tax schemes and tailor-made arrangements. To improve compliance, tax administrations could consider changing the structure of their operations to focus resources effectively, for example, through the creation of a dedicated HNWI unit. Other recommendations include creating the appropriate legal framework, exploring forms of co-operative compliance and engaging more in international co-operation, at both the strategic and operational level.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068872-en
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  • 28
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: United States 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075290
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als United States
    DDC: 331.34
    RVK:
    QG 620
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; USA ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; United States ; USA ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Jugendarbeitslosigkeit ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on the United States contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264075290-en
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  • 29
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    Strategic and Policy Issues Raised by the Transition from Thermal to Fast Nuclear Systems (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060654
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (86 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Questions stratégiques et politiques liées à la transition des systèmes nucléaires thermiques aux systèmes rapides
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation and expanded interest in fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving from the current fleet of thermal neutron reactors to fast neutron systems will require many decades and extensive RD&D efforts. This book identifies and analyses key strategic and policy issues raised by such a transition, and provides guidance to decision makers on the best approaches for implementing transition scenarios.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060654-en
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  • 30
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    Internet Access for Development (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056312
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (110 p.)
    Series Statement: The Development Dimension
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Internet access for development
    RVK:
    QR 760
    Keywords: Informationstechnik ; Internet ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Entwicklungsländer ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Internet ; Entwicklungszusammenarbeit ; Kohärenz ; OECD ; Telekommunikationsmarkt ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The Internet has been remarkably successful in developing greater opportunities for communication access - and economic growth and social development - for the first billion users. The majority of the next several billion users will be mainly from developing countries and will connect to the Internet principally via wireless networks. But there are substantial discrepancies in access to ICTs between developed and developing countries and also within countries, depending on factors such as gender, rural coverage, skills and educational levels. This book examines how the market for internet traffic exchange has evolved and explores the coherence of policies pursued by developed and developing countries. It notes the increasing innovation occurring in a number of developing countries with competitive markets and discusses how liberalisation has helped to expand of access networks and make ICT services increasingly affordable and available to the poor. The report also highlights the employment, micro-entrepreneurial and social development opportunities which have emerged as access levels have risen among low-income users. The study notes that gateway service monopolies - still in 70 countries - raise the prices for accessing international capacity and reduce the affordability of Internet access to business and end users.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056312-en
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  • 31
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    Port Competition and Hinterland Connections (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102251
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (176 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.143
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence entre les ports et les liaisons terrestres avec l'arrière-pays
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: This Round Table publication discusses the policy and regulatory challenges posed by the rapidly changing port environment. The sector has changed tremendously in recent decades with technological and organisational innovation and a powerful expansion of trade. Although ports serve hinterlands that now run deep into continents, competition among ports is increasingly intense and their bargaining power in the supply chain has consequently weakened. Greater port throughput is meeting with increasing resistance from local communities because of pollution and congestion. In addition, local regulation is warranted but made difficult by the distribution of bargaining power among stakeholders. Higher-level authorities could develop more effective policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102251-en
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  • 32
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    Building Transparent Tax Compliance by Banks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067851
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building transparent tax compliance by banks
    RVK:
    QL 410
    Keywords: Steuermoral ; Bank ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; OECD ; Steuerplanung ; Kreditwesen ; Governance ; Steuervermeidung ; Bank ; Risikomanagement
    Abstract: This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067851-en
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  • 33
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    Strategies for Business, Government and Civil Society to Fight Corruption in Asia and the Pacific (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077010
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 p.)
    Series Statement: ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Strategies for business, government and civil society to fight corruption in Asia and the Pacific
    RVK:
    MD 7200
    RVK:
    QL 415
    Keywords: Korruption ; Wirtschaftskriminalität ; Asiatisch-pazifischer Raum ; Governance ; Konferenzschrift 2008 ; Asiatisch-Pazifischer Raum ; Korruption ; Bekämpfung
    Abstract: Bribery is bad for business, so why do businesses continue to bribe? What roles do business, government, and civil society have in the fight against corruption - and notably in the fight against bribery in business? The 6th Regional Anti-Corruption Conference for Asia and the Pacific gathered experts from countries and jurisdictions of Asia and the Pacific, OECD member countries, leading enterprises and businesses associations, civil society, and development partners to respond to these questions and to share their experiences in fighting bribery in business. The conference, organized by the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific in late November 2008, explored (i) possible drivers and incentives for anti-corruption reform; (ii) the role of criminal law standards and corporate compliance mechanisms; (iii) the risks and countermeasures against private-to-private corruption; (iv) preventing and managing conflicts of interest; (v) international initiatives to counter bribery; (vi) how development partners can become involved in the fight against bribery and corruption. This book presents the proceedings of the conference.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077010-en
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  • 34
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    Preventing Violence, War and State Collapse : The Future of Conflict Early Warning and Response (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059818
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Series Statement: Conflict and Fragility
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Prévenir la violence, la guerre et l'effondrement des États ; L'avenir des systèmes d'alerte précoce et de réponse rapide
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The international community today is hardly in a position to avoid another genocide, as witnessed in Rwanda in 1994, despite the significant evolution of early warning systems in recent years. Based on a review of the literature on early warning and response, as well as inputs from surveyed agencies, Preventing Violence, War and State Collapse assesses the value and role of early warning for the prevention of violent conflict and identifies the most effective early warning and response systems. It concludes with a set of recommendations for policy makers in donor and partner countries in influencing future developments in this field.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059818-en
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  • 35
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    Computer Viruses and Other Malicious Software : A Threat to the Internet Economy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056510
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (246 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Computer viruses and other malicious software
    DDC: 005.8
    RVK:
    ST 276
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Computervirus
    Abstract: Malware attacks are increasing both in frequency and sophistication, thus posing a serious threat to the Internet economy and to national security. This book is a first step toward addressing the threat of malware in a comprehensive, global manner. It informs readers about malware -- its growth, evolution and countermeasures to combat it; presents new research into the economic incentives driving cyber-security decisions; and makes specific suggestions on how the international community can better work together to address the problem.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056510-en
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  • 36
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews, Italy 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056237
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (228 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Italy
    Keywords: Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Italien ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Italy ; Italien ; Ländliche Entwicklung
    Abstract: OECD's comprehensive review of rural policy in Italy. On average, rural regions in Italy have some of the highest GDP per capita among the OECD countries, yet unexploited potential remains. This analysis of rural Italy reveals heterogeneous economic conditions, an increasing elderly population and a diminished focus on environmental concerns. This suggests the need for a broader rural policy approach that reflects the changing demands upon rural resources and that considers other aspects of rurality including health, education and quality of life.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264056237-en
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  • 37
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    The Financing of Nuclear Power Plants (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264079229
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.)
    Series Statement: Nuclear Development
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Le financement des centrales nucléaires
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The financing of nuclear power plants
    Keywords: Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Nuclear Energy ; OECD ; Kernkraftwerk ; Finanzierung
    Abstract: Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where such financing is left to the private sector in the context of competitive electricity markets. This study examines the financial risks involved in investing in a new nuclear power plant, how these can be mitigated, and how projects can be structured so that residual risks are taken by those best able to manage them. Given that expansion of nuclear power programmes will require strong and sustained government support, the study highlights the role of governments in facilitating and encouraging investment in new nuclear generating capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264079229-en
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  • 38
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    Natural Tracer Profiles Across Argillaceous Formations : The CLAYTRAC Project (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060487
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (362 p.)
    Series Statement: Radioactive Waste Management
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Keywords: Nuclear Energy
    Abstract: This technical report describes the results of the Nuclear Energy Agency's CLAYTRAC project, in which natural tracer data from nine sites was evaluated to assess potential impacts of disposal of radiological waste in geological repositories. It shows scientific information from numerous sites and applies robust analytical methods to improve the understanding of radionuclide migration and evolution of sites for deep geological disposal. These results improve the understanding of sites, and thus the confidence in safety, for geological disposal of radioactive waste.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060487-en
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  • 39
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    Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: Poland 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264077263
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (126 p.)
    Series Statement: Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Poland
    RVK:
    QG 475
    RVK:
    QV 221
    Keywords: Junge Arbeitskräfte ; Polen ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Poland ; Polen ; Jugendlicher Arbeitnehmer
    Abstract: First experiences on the labour market have a profound influence on later working life. This report on Poland contains a survey of the main barriers to employment for young people, an assessment of the adequacy and effectiveness of existing measures to improve the transition from school-to-work, and a set of policy recommendations for further action by the public authorities and social partners.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264077263-en
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  • 40
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    Piracy of Digital Content (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264065437
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (134 p.)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Stryszowski, Piotr Piracy of digital content
    RVK:
    QR 360
    Keywords: Urheberrechtsverletzung ; Science and Technology ; Internet ; Kulturgut ; Produktpiraterie
    Abstract: This book studies digital piracy - the infringement of copyrighted content (such as music, films, software, broadcasting, books, etc.) - where the end product does not involve the use of hard media, such as CDs and DVDs. It presents the unique economic properties of markets for pirated digital products, where the existence of a large number of suppliers willing to provide pirated content at virtually no cost poses new and difficult challenges to copyright owners and policy makers in combating that piracy. These economic features, together with rapid technological developments, create special and unique problems to policy makers and the large number of actors involved in different jurisdictions. This book also provides an illustrative, in-depth case study of the sports rights owners sector, highlighting how it is affected by digital piracy.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264065437-en
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  • 41
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    Taxation of SMEs : Key Issues and Policy Considerations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024748
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (147 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.18
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Taxation of SMEs
    RVK:
    QL 641
    RVK:
    PP 8080
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmensbesteuerung ; OECD-Staaten ; Taxation ; Steuerrecht ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; OECD
    Abstract: This report covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden. Differing income tax and social security contribution burdens of unincorporated and incorporated SMEs are considered in detail, with analysis of average statutory tax rates carried out to investigate possible tax distortions to business creation and business structure decisions of a single worker/owner of an SME. Various arguments are presented for and against the targeting of tax incentives at SMEs. Country examples of SME tax incentives and compliance cost reduction measures are provided in the report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024748-en
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  • 42
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    OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies: Slovenia 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264068995
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (152 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Labour Market and Social Policies
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Henrard, Valentine Slovenia
    DDC: 331.12094973
    RVK:
    QG 490
    RVK:
    QV 200
    RVK:
    QX 400
    Keywords: Arbeitsmarkt ; Ältere Arbeitskräfte ; Flexicurity ; Sozialpolitik ; Slowenien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Slovenia ; Slowenien ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Rentenversicherung ; Sozialpolitik
    Abstract: This report analyses the main challenges for labour market and social policies in Slovenia and considers the available policy options from the perspective of OECD countries' experience. It finds that Slovenia has one of the most equal income distributions in the world and a tradition of social dialogue. However, its unemployment insurance and employment service system are not sufficient to deal effectively with the present economic crisis and the country is also faced with rapid population ageing and a low employment rate among 55-to-64 year olds. This report makes recommendations to deal with these issues.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264068995-en
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  • 43
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    Clusters, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264044326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Pôles de compétitivité, innovation et entrepreneuriat
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Clusters, innovation and entrepreneurship
    RVK:
    QG 000
    Keywords: Regionales Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Cluster ; Innovation ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: This publication explores the success of major innovation and entrepreneurship clusters in OECD countries, the challenges they now face in sustaining their positions and the lessons for other places seeking to build successful clusters. What are the key factors for cluster success? What problems are emerging on the horizon? Which is the appropriate role of the public sector in supporting the expansion of clusters and overcoming the obstacles? The book addresses these and other issues, analysing seven internationally reputed clusters in depth: Grenoble in France, Vienna in Austria, Waterloo in Canada, Dunedin in New Zealand, Medicon Valley in Scandinavia, Oxfordshire in the United Kingdom, and Madison, Wisconsin, in the United States. For each cluster, it looks at the factors that have contributed to its growth, the impact of the cluster on local entrepreneurship performance, and the challenges faced for further expansion. It also puts forward a set of policy recommendations geared to the broader context of cluster development. This publication is essential reading for policy makers, practitioners and academics wishing to obtain good practices in cluster development and guidance on how to enhance the economic impact of clusters.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264044326-en
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  • 44
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    Innovation and Growth : Chasing a Moving Frontier (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073975
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation and growth
    RVK:
    QR 000
    Keywords: Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; BRICS-Staaten ; Forschung ; Entwicklung ; Innovation ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Aufsatzsammlung ; OECD ; Entwicklungsländer ; Innovation ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: Innovation is crucial to long-term economic growth, even more so in the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis. In this volume, the OECD and the World Bank jointly take stock of how globalisation is posing new challenges for innovation and growth in both developed and developing countries, and how countries are coping with them. The authors discuss options for policy initiatives that can foster technological innovation in the pursuit of faster and sustainable growth. The various chapters highlight how the emergence of an integrated global market affects the impact of national innovation policy. What seemed like effective innovation strategies (e.g. policies designed to strengthen the R&D capacity of domestic firms) are no longer sufficient for effective catch-up. The more open and global nature of innovation makes innovation policies more difficult to design and implement at the national scale alone. These challenges are further complicated by new phenomena, such as global value chains and the fragmentation of production, the growing role of global corporations, and the ICT revolution. Where and why a global corporation chooses to anchor its production affects the playing field for OECD and developing economies alike. Selected as a 2009 Notable Document by the American Library Association Government Documents Round Table.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073975-en
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  • 45
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    OECD Territorial Reviews: Chile 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264060791
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Territorial Reviews
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Chile 2009 ; (Spanish version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chile
    Keywords: Regionalentwicklung ; Regionales Wachstum ; Regionalpolitik ; Chile ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Chile ; Chile ; Regionalentwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    Abstract: Chile has achieved strong economic growth during the last 20 years. Nevertheless, its economy depends on a few resource-based sectors located in a small number of regions. The performance of Chilean regions varies significantly and regional disparities in GDP per capita are very high compared to those in OECD countries. Chilean regions have thus far so not fully utilised their assets and reached their potential for growth. This report recommends moving towards a territorial approach to development in Chile in order to better adapt public management to the different opportunities and needs of the diverse territories of the country. Chilean regions would particularly benefit from context-specific policies to boost productivity, such as those targeting innovation and entrepreneurship, and to improve education and training.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060791-en
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  • 46
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    Strengthening Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073326
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (124 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Renforcement des organisations régionales de la pêche
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cox, Anthony Strengthening regional fisheries management organisations
    Keywords: Fischschutz ; Welt ; Agriculture and Food ; Seefischerei ; Fischwirtschaft ; Regionalwirtschaft ; Organisation
    Abstract: With the development and entry into force of the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement in 1995, the international community made a commitment to strengthen Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs), established to deal with the management of shared high seas resources. This study takes stock of the changes made in RFMOs, highlighting a gradual process of improvement that has translated into significant success stories. While there is no single recipe for this process, ensuring that the fundamental building blocks are in place to help create and maintain the economic and political momentum for change is important. Altering the underlying economic incentives may help to better align the interests of member countries, allowing coalitions for change to develop within the membership. The study and its analysis is built on evidence from a range of case studies of RFMOs, most notably the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CSBT), the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO) and the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073326-en
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  • 47
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    Transport Energy and CO2 : Moving towards Sustainability (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264073173
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Transport, energy and CO 2
    DDC: 628.5/32
    RVK:
    AR 27700
    Keywords: Verkehr ; Kraftstoff ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Energy ; OECD ; Verkehrspolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Car ownership is set to triple by 2050, trucking activity will double and air travel could increase fourfold. This book examines how to enable mobility without accelerating climate change. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264073173-en
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  • 48
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    Regulatory Impact Analysis : A Tool for Policy Coherence (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067110
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (182 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'analyse d'impact de la réglementation ; Un outil au service de la cohérence des politiques
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bounds, Gregory Regulatory impact analysis
    RVK:
    QR 300
    Keywords: Governance ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Regulierung ; Wirkungsanalyse
    Abstract: Regulatory impact analysis (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations and non-regulatory alternatives. This publication brings together recent OECD research and analysis concerning methodological issues and country experiences with RIA. The collected papers cover a number of challenges to the effectiveness of RIA including: systemic factors which influence the quality of RIA; methodological frameworks that can assist RIA to improve regulation; guidance on using RIA to avoid unnecessary regulation of competitive markets; and a review of the use of RIA in the regulation of corporate governance across a number of OECD countries. Taken together, this publication provides valuable, practical guidance on how to improve the performance of RIA systems to promote economic welfare through better quality regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067110-en
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  • 49
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    Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282102466
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (210 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Round Tables no.145
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Concurrence et interactions entre aéroports, services de transports aériens et ferroviaires
    RVK:
    QR 800
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: How should airports be regulated to contain market power? This round table proceedings first examines whether they need to be regulated at all. It concludes that because regulation is inevitably imperfect and costly, policy makers should establish conditions for competition to emerge between airports in preference to comprehensive regulation, whenever possible. Economic regulation is sometimes necessary, such as when airports are heavily congested. The proceedings determines which approaches are likely to work best and also assesses strategies for managing greenhouse gas emissions. It finds that although including aviation in an open emission trading scheme could help mitigate emissions efficiently across the economy, it should not be expected to produce major cuts in CO2-emissions in aviation itself. Finally the proceedings identifies the economic conditions under which high-speed rail can provide a competitive substitute for aviation, revealing the limited relevance of rail to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from this part of the transport market.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789282102466-en
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  • 50
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    How to Reform the Belgian Tax System to Enhance Economic Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.741
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Comment réformer le système fiscal belge afin de renforcer l'expansion économique
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: Individual elements in Belgian tax system affect the growth process through different channels and to a varying degree. Consumption taxes are among the least distortive for growth, and there is considerable scope to increase the reliance on this tax source in Belgium. The Belgian differential taxation of saving vehicles distorts investment decisions, hampering the reallocation of capital towards its most productive use. However, the most distortive Belgian taxes are on labour through their effects on workers’ labour market decisions. Recognising the latter, the authorities have aimed at reducing taxation on labour. However, its level remains internationally high, reflecting numerous exemptions, which reduce tax bases and thus require higher tax rates than otherwise. To promote labour market prospects for individual groups on the labour market, wage subsidies and social security contribution reductions have been used extensively, leading to a complex system, often poorly targeted and at times subject to conflicting objectives. The end result is that the interaction between the personal income tax, the social security contributions, and the generous benefit systems has created a multitude of labour market traps which hold back employment. New tax reforms are constrained by the large and growing fiscal sustainability problem, implying that, unless substantial expenditure cuts are implemented, new tax reforms must be self-financed. This can be achieved by shifting the reliance of the tax system towards the least distortive sources and by broadening tax bases to allow lower tax rates. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 OECD Economic Survey of Belgium (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/belgium).
    DOI: 10.1787/218662261017
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  • 51
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    Cities, Climate Change and Multilevel Governance (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 125 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Working Papers no.14
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cities represent a challenge and an opportunity for climate change policy. As the hubs of economic activity, cities generate the bulk of GHG emissions and are thus important to mitigation strategies. Urban planning will shape future trends and the concentration of population, socio-economic activity, poverty and infrastructure in urban areas translates into particular vulnerability to increased climate hazards. City governments and urban stakeholders will therefore be essential in the design and delivery of cost-effective adaptation policies. Further, by empowering local governments, national policies could leverage existing local experiments, accelerate policy responses, foster resource mobilization and engage local stakeholders. This paper presents a framework for multilevel governance, showing that advancing governance of climate change across all levels of government and relevant stakeholders is crucial to avoid policy gaps between local action plans and national policy frameworks (vertical integration) and to encourage cross-scale learning between relevant departments or institutions in local and regional governments (horizontal dimension). Vertical and horizontal integration allows two-way benefits: locally-led or bottom-up where local initiatives influence national action and nationally-led or top-down where enabling frameworks empower local players. The most promising frameworks combine the two into hybrid models of policy dialogue where the lessons learnt are used to modify and fine-tune enabling frameworks and disseminated horizontally, achieving more efficient local implementation of climate strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/220062444715
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  • 52
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    Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions : Review of Models (Russian version) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264062238
    Language: Russian
    Pages: Online-Ressource (143 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions; Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models (Ukrainian version)
    Keywords: Governance
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264062238-ru
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  • 53
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    Equity in Student Achievement Across OECD Countries : An Investigation of the Role of Policies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.708
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper focuses on inequalities in learning opportunities for individuals coming from different socioeconomic backgrounds as a measure of (in) equality of opportunity in OECD countries and looks at the role played by policies and institutions in shaping countries’ relative positions. Based on harmonised 15- year old students’ achievement data collected at the individual level, the empirical analysis shows that while Nordic European countries exhibit relatively low levels of inequality, continental Europe is characterised by high levels of inequality - in particular of schooling segregation along socio-economic lines - while Anglo-Saxon countries occupy a somewhat intermediate position. Policies allowing increasing social mix are found to reduce school socio-economic segregation without affecting overall performance. Countries that emphasise childcare and pre-school institutions exhibit lower levels of inequality of opportunity, suggesting the effectiveness of early intervention policies in reducing persistence of education outcomes across generations. There is also a positive association between inequality of opportunities and income inequality. As a consequence, cross-country regressions suggest that redistributive policies can help to reduce inequalities of educational opportunities associated with socioeconomic background and, hence, persistence of education outcomes across generations.
    DOI: 10.1787/223056645650
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    Sustaining Growth in Korea by Reforming the Labour Market and Improving the Education System (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 42 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.672
    Keywords: Economics ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: A well-functioning labour market is essential to sustain rapid economic growth in the face of population ageing. Priorities are to reverse the rising share of non-regular workers, which has negative implications for both growth and equity, and encourage greater employment of women and youth, who are under-represented in the labour force. Attracting more women to employment requires increasing the availability of childcare, strengthening maternity leave and creating more family-friendly workplaces. Youth employment rates should be boosted by upgrading tertiary education through stronger competition and closer links to enterprises to reduce mismatches. Educational reform should be extended to elementary and secondary schools to enhance efficiency and decrease the burden of private tutoring. The age of retirement of employees should be raised by eliminating mandatory retirement and phasing out the retirement allowance. Active labour market policies should focus on policies to expand human capital rather than wage subsidies.
    DOI: 10.1787/226580861153
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    Competitive Interaction between Airports, Airlines and High-Speed Rail (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/07
    DOI: 10.1787/223853273815
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    ENUM: Converging Telephone Numbers and Addresses in Next Generation Networks (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 43 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.156
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: The OECD Document “Convergence and Next Generation Networks” analysed developments in Next Generation Networks (NGN), and the convergence of core and access networks. The aim of that paper was to review areas where policy changes may be required and to put forward recommendations for considerations in areas where change may be necessary to support new developments and to ensure that telecommunication policy goals can be met. The paper depicted areas of regulatory interest, arising from the deployment of NGN. The objective was to identify policy and regulatory issues that government and national regulatory authorities may have to confront in the framework of the development of core next generation networks. It noted that the issue of ‘Numbering, naming and addressing” was a policy area that would need further analysis and that ENUM was one of the potentially significant developments in the converging world of telephone numbering, naming and addressing.
    DOI: 10.1787/222425783407
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    Jobs for Immigrants : Labour Market Integration in Norway (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.94
    DOI: 10.1787/221336486778
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    Taxes or Grants : What Revenue Source for Sub-Central Governments? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.706
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper analyses trends in and driving forces of the revenue composition of sub-central governments (SCG). Between 1995 and 2005 the share of SCG in total government spending increased from 31 to 33%, while the SCG tax share remained stable at around 17%, increasing SCG’s dependence on intergovernmental grants. While equal access to public services is the most common justification for such grants, the grant systems of most countries are much larger than required by equalization. Moreover, rather than smoothing out SCG revenue fluctuations over the cycle, grants often tend to exacerbate them. Finally, there is some evidence that grants reduce SCG tax raising effort, inflate SCG spending and increase SCG deficits and debt. The economic crisis will both sharply reduce SCG’s own tax revenues and – via budget constraints at the central level – increase pressure on the grant system. The crisis could hence help rethink the SCG revenue mix, their tax structure and the size and design of intergovernmental transfers.
    DOI: 10.1787/223111363085
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    Essai n 437 : Méthode d'essai d'opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l'identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l'œil (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076297
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437; Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 437: Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying Ocular Corrosives and Severe Irritants
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode d’essai d’opacité et de perméabilité de la cornée bovine pour l’identification de substances corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil (OPCB) est une méthode d’essai in vitro pouvant être utilisée pour classer des substances parmi les substances « corrosives et fortement irritantes pour l’œil ». La méthode OPCB utilise des cornées isolées provenant d’yeux de bovins abattus à des fins commerciales, évitant ainsi l’utilisation d’animaux de laboratoire. Chaque groupe de traitement (substance d’essai et témoins négatifs et positifs) est composé de trois yeux au minimum, dont la cornée a été prélevée et placée dans la chambre d’un porte-cornée. En fonction des propriétés physico-chimiques de la substance d’essai, différentes méthodes peuvent être utilisées pour l’appliquer, mais il est important que la substance recouvre bien la surface épithéliale. Les effets toxiques pour la cornée sont estimés à partir des mesures de son opacité et de sa perméabilité, qui une fois combinées, fournissent le score d’irritation in vivo (SIIV) pour chaque groupe de traitement. Une substance qui induit un SIIV≥ 55.1 est classée « corrosive ou fortement irritante ».
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076297-fr
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    Towards a Flexible Exchange Rate Policy in Russia (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.744
    DOI: 10.1787/218428024413
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    The Role of Communication Infrastructure Investment in Economic Recovery (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.154
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Broadband networks are increasingly recognised as fundamental for economic and social development. They serve as a communication and transaction platform for the entire economy and can improve productivity across all sectors. Advanced communication networks are a key component of innovative ecosystems and support economic growth. Broadband networks also increase the impact and efficiency of public and private investments which depend on high-speed communications. Broadband is needed as a complementary investment to other infrastructure such as buildings, roads, transportation systems, health and electricity grids, allowing them to be “smart” and save energy, assist the aging, improve safety and adapt to new ideas.
    DOI: 10.1787/222432403368
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    The Incentives to Participate in and the Stability of International Climate Coalitions : A Game-Theoretic Approach Using the WITCH Model (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 74 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.702
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper uses WITCH, an integrated assessment model with a game-theoretic structure, to explore the prospects for, and the stability of broad coalitions to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation action. Only coalitions including all large emitting regions are found to be technically able to meet a concentration stabilisation target below 550 ppm CO2eq by 2100. Once the free-riding incentives of non-participants are taken into account, only a “grand coalition” including virtually all regions can be successful. This grand coalition is profitable as a whole, implying that all countries can gain from participation provided appropriate transfers are made across them. However, neither the grand coalition nor smaller but still environmentally significant coalitions appear to be stable. This is because the collective welfare surplus from cooperation is not found to be large enough for transfers to offset the free-riding incentives of all countries simultaneously. Some factors omitted from the analysis, which might improve coalition stability, include the co-benefits from mitigation action, the costless removal of fossil fuel subsidies, as well as alternative assumptions regarding countries’ bargaining behaviour.
    DOI: 10.1787/223552487415
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    South Africa's Trade and Growth (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 83 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.91
    DOI: 10.1787/220164708061
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    Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS (Executive Summary) (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264072992
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (32 p)
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264072992-en
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    Ten Years of Product Market Reform in OECD Countries : Insights from a Revised PMR Indicator (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.695
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper describes patterns and developments of regulation that potentially affect product market competition in OECD countries over the past decade. It uses the 2008 update and revision of the OECD indicators of product market regulation (PMR) that integrate to a larger extent than in the past information on sector-specific regulation and adapt a simpler and more transparent aggregation technique. The results show that OECD countries have extensively liberalised product markets over the past ten years and – as a consequence - convergence of regulation across OECD countries can be observed. However, reforms appear to have slowed in the most recent period (2003-2008) as compared with the earlier period (1998- 2003). Easing of product market regulation appears to have been driven to a considerable extent by reforms in sector-specific regulation, notably as regards the gas, electricity and telecommunications markets. Countries appear also to have followed consistent reform approaches. However, scope for further reform remains, especially as regards controls of governments over businesses, and as regards certain sectors such as professional services and retail trade.
    DOI: 10.1787/224255001640
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    Realising South Africa's Employment Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 45 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.662
    Keywords: Economics ; South Africa
    Abstract: Unemployment in South Africa is extremely high and unevenly distributed, being concentrated among young less-skilled blacks. The legacies of apartheid can explain part of the increase in labour supply and inability of the economy to absorb it which produced the extreme levels of unemployment, but more could have been done to unwind those legacies and other policies and institutions have contributed to the dysfunction of the labour market. Notably, improvements in product market regulation to strengthen competition could help expand formal sector employment. Changes in municipal laws and regulations to ease migration and facilitate informal employment are also likely to be particularly important. Improving the implementation of employment protection legislation could also help reduce unemployment. Efforts to tackle crime could help reduce the brain drain and attract skilled immigrants, which would likely boost demand for less-skilled workers via complementarities. Over the longer term, improvements in basic education will be key to reducing the excess supply of less-skilled workers.
    DOI: 10.1787/227318203215
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    Coherence of Development Policies : Ecuador's Economic Ties with Spain and their Development Impact (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 58 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.280
    DOI: 10.1787/221388758133
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    Evaluating Quality in Educational Spaces : OECD/CELE Pilot Project (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: CELE Exchange, Centre for Effective Learning Environments no.2009/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Évaluer la qualité des espaces éducatifs : Etude pilote du CELE/OCDE
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: CELE’s International Pilot Project on Evaluating Quality in Educational Spaces aims to assist education authorities, schools and others to maximise the use of and investment in learning environments. This article provides an update on the pilot project, which is currently being implemented in Brazil, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal and the United Kingdom.
    DOI: 10.1787/220802117283
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    The Role of Transparency in the Conduct of Monetary Policy (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 61 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.724
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: In contrast to the once prevailing norm of secrecy and opaqueness, transparency has now become one of the main features characterising the conduct of monetary policy. Detailed analysis of eleven OECD central banks shows that communication practices have converged markedly in the direction of ever greater transparency. Empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that transparency contributes to the successful conduct of monetary policy: higher transparency is a typical element of monetary frameworks that are associated with better anchored inflation expectations and more stable inflation outcomes. Despite this general trend toward increased transparency, however, central banks differ in actual communication practices. There is a particular divergence with respect to transparency in the decision-making process and communication regarding future policy inclination. Although the appropriate degree of transparency in these areas is an unsettled issue, the fact that financial dislocation is impairing conventional monetary transmission makes these two areas critical for policy implementation.
    DOI: 10.1787/221128317344
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    Revisiting Political Budget Cycles in Latin America (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.281
    DOI: 10.1787/221383354183
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    Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE : Pologne (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264049611
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Examens territoriaux de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; Poland 2008; (Polish version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews: Poland 2008: (Polish version)
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Poland
    Abstract: Bien que la Pologne ait réussi à maintenir depuis le milieu des années 90 une forte croissance, la deuxième plus élevée des pays de l’OCDE en 2006-2007, les disparités territoriales persistent et se creusent, surtout entre les grandes agglomérations et les zones rurales. Comme de nombreux pays de l’OCDE, la Pologne doit s’employer à trouver un juste équilibre entre l’aide aux pôles de croissance et le développement des régions en retard, en particulier les régions périphériques de l’Est -- les plus pauvres de l'Union européenne. Ce rapport étudie les multiples défis pour la politique de développement régional en Pologne, et formule des recommandations, en s’attachant en particulier aux problèmes de gouvernance.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264049611-fr
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    Taxes and Grants : On the Revenue Mix of Sub-Central Governments (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Fiscal Federalism no.7
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: This paper analyses trends and driving forces in the revenue composition of sub-central government (SCG). Between 1995 and 2005 the share of SCG in total government spending increased significantly from 31 to 33 percent while the SCG tax share remained stable at around 17 percent, increasing SCG’s dependence on intergovernmental grants. While equal access to public services is the most common justification for such grants, the grant systems of most countries are much larger than required by equalization. Moreover, rather than smoothing out SCG revenue fluctuations over the cycle, grants often tend to exacerbate them. Finally, there is some evidence that grants reduce SCG tax effort, inflate SCG spending and increase SCG deficits and debt. Efficiency and accountability would call for a higher share of SCG spending covered by own taxes. However, that is not easy: increasing property taxes – the most suitable tax for SCG – usually meets with strong resistance. Tax sharing arrangements where central government cedes a part of its income or consumption tax revenue could help lift the SCG tax share without increasing the total tax burden.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k97b11972bn-en
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    Financing Climate Change Mitigation : Towards a Framework for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.) , 21 x 29.7cm.
    Series Statement: OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers no.2009/06
    Keywords: Energy ; Environment
    Abstract: The current monitoring, reporting and review framework under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has a number of strengths and weaknesses. Weaknesses include inconsistent and/or incomplete self reporting of financial support; infrequent reporting; limited and incomplete information on multilateral development banks and other non-UNFCCC funds; lack of primary data on financial flows under KP mechanisms (CDM); and lack of verification procedures. This paper aims to facilitate a discussion about a possible framework to measure, report and verify (MRV) mitigation support. It considers the main pathways through which mitigation support to developing countries may flow as well as the availability and suitability of information in this area to provide a basis to measure, report and verify mitigation support. A strengthened framework for reporting could be developed and layered into the existing system, e.g. via National Communications. Data gaps and reporting frequency could be corrected through improvements in National Communication guidelines and the development of a common reporting format. The UNFCCC could also collaborate with other institutions to develop and draw on more standardised data from other sources and to assure that information across sources is comparable and publicly available. A key aspect would be to provide a monitoring system that covers not just public but also private finance in mitigation specific as well as mitigation relevant areas. The absence of verification procedures in the current UNFCCC monitoring and review system for mitigation support should also be addressed. The Convention does not lay out specific guidelines for the review of mitigation support reported in National Communications and reported information is not formally cross checked with alternative information sources. Parties could agree to the elaboration of guidelines for review and verification to help determine whether Parties have employed agreed methods for self assessment and reporting on technology transfer, capacity building and financing, and whether reporting is conducted in a transparent manner. In addition, standardised reporting by recipient countries about funds received, use and usefulness of funds could also be an important addition to provide information for verification with information on contributions to mitigation support.
    DOI: 10.1787/5k453xh6h4r6-en
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    Innovation in the Software Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076761
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD innovation strategy
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. Lippoldt, Douglas Innovation in the software sector
    RVK:
    QR 770
    Keywords: Softwareindustrie ; Innovationsmanagement ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Softwareindustrie ; Forschung und Entwicklung ; Softwareproduktion ; Softwaremarkt
    Abstract: This book throws a spotlight on innovation across the software universe, setting out key issues and highlighting policy perspectives. It spans research and development, invention, production, distribution and use of software in the market. It also covers core innovation themes from a user perspective - including security and privacy, mobility, interoperability, accessibility and reliability.
    Note: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T.: L'innovation dans le secteur des logiciels
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076761-en
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    National Accounts of OECD Countries 2008, Volume IIIa, Financial Accounts: Flows (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English , French
    Edition: 2008
    Keywords: Finanzwirtschaft
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    Perspectives d'investissement international 2007 : Liberté dinvestissement dans un monde en changement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037595
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2007
    DOI: 10.1787/iip-2007-fr
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    Améliorer les dispositifs d'incitation dans les organismes donneurs (Première édition) : Bonnes pratiques et outil d'auto-évaluation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059825
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (76 p.) , ill.
    Edition: Première édition
    Series Statement: Pour une meilleure aide au développement
    Parallel Title: Druckausg.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition); Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving Incentives in Donor Agencies (First Edition): Good Practice and Self-Assessment Tool
    Keywords: Development ; Ratgeber ; Entwicklungsorganisation ; Selbstevaluation ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Effizienz
    Abstract: En vertu de la Déclaration de Paris, les donneurs et les pays partenaires ont pris un certain nombre d’engagements auprès des décideurs et des agents des organismes d'aide. Ils se sont notamment engagés à réformer les procédures et à multiplier les incitations à leur intention afin de favoriser l'harmonisation, l'alignement et le ciblage sur les résultats. Ceci s’applique aussi bien aux domaines du recrutement et de l'évaluation qu’à celui de la formation. Cette promesse reposait sur une reconnaissance du fait que les changements de comportement indispensables ne se produiraient pas de façon automatique car un certain nombre de coûts, d’ordre institutionnel, financier et politique, sont associés, au départ et sur le long terme, à une modification du comportement des donneurs et des partenaires. L’importance de dispositifs d’incitation adéquats pour pousser les gestionnaires et responsables – et, plus essentiel encore, les dirigeants politiques – à opérer les changements nécessaires a été soulignée dans plusieurs pays partenaires couverts par l’Évaluation de la mise en œuvre de la Déclaration de Paris. À l’évidence, une transformation radicale des incitations appelle une ferme impulsion des sphères politiques, appuyée par des pressions des cercles informés dans les pays partenaires et donneurs. Cette publication contribue à répondre à cette nécessité en fournissant aux organismes donneurs des conseils sur les moyens d’améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide. Elle les aidera à répertorier les points forts, les points faibles et les lacunes de leurs dispositifs d’incitation pour ce qui est de la promotion de l’efficacité de l’aide.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Improving incentives in donor agencies : good practice and self-assessment tool
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264059825-fr
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    Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert à l'intention des entreprises multinationales et des administrations fiscales 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264075368
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009 éd.
    Keywords: Richtlinie ; Transfer pricing and multinational enterprises ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Verrechnungspreis ; Fremdvergleichspreis
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: OECD transfer pricing guidelines for multinational enterprises and tax administrations
    DOI: 10.1787/tpg-2009-fr
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  • 79
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    OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Spain 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Edition: 2009
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Spain
    Keywords: Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Spanien ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalpolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264060074-en
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  • 80
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    Politiques agricoles des économies émergentes 2009 : Suivi et évaluation (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264059306
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2009
    DOI: 10.1787/agr_emerging-2009-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 81
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    SET: National Accounts of OECD Countries Volume IIIa, Volume IIIb (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English , French
    Keywords: Mitgliedsstaaten ; Finanzwirtschaft
    URL: Volltext
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  • 82
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    Le secteur financier peut-il rester le principal moteur de la croissance au Luxembourg? (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.660
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Can the Financial Sector continue to be the Main Growth Engine in Luxembourg?
    Keywords: Economics ; Luxembourg
    Abstract: Le secteur financier a été le principal moteur de l'économie au cours des deux dernières décennies. Les avantages comparatifs du Luxembourg en matière d'activités financières résident essentiellement dans le caractère évolutif de son cadre législatif et réglementaire ainsi que dans le faible niveau de sa fiscalité. En conséquence, le Luxembourg est aujourd'hui un des principaux centres internationaux pour les fonds d'investissement. Au-delà des effets directs et indirects de ce secteur d'activité sur l'emploi, sa retombée la plus importante est l'ampleur des recettes fiscales qu'il permet aux pouvoirs publics d'engranger, puisqu'il représente directement plus de 20 % de l'ensemble des rentrées d'impôts. Cela dit, ces recettes fiscales sont très fluctuantes, dans la mesure où ce secteur est extrêmement sensible à l'évolution des marchés de capitaux internationaux. De fait, les contractions intervenues par le passé sur ces marchés ont eu tendance à entraîner un net ralentissement de la croissance de l'économie luxembourgeoise ainsi que des revenus du secteur financier, ce qui laisse à penser que les risques associés aux turbulences financières internationales actuelles sont très substantiels. Au-delà de ces considérations à court terme, le taux de croissance tendanciel du secteur va probablement diminuer à moyen terme. Les principales activités du secteur sont les prestations d'administration financière correspondant aux services de suivi de marché et de postmarché, que les nouvelles technologies de l'information permettront de délocaliser de plus en plus. Par ailleurs, le secteur a des difficultés à attirer des spécialistes hautement qualifiés pour prendre pied dans le domaine plus rémunérateur des activités de service de clientèle. À plus long terme, la concurrence internationale continuera à exercer des pressions qui pourraient finir par remettre en cause la position du Luxembourg. L'ampleur du déclin de la croissance tendancielle du secteur financier dépendra de la capacité du Luxembourg à préserver et renforcer l'attrait qu'il exerce sur les investisseurs et les travailleurs. Pour ce faire, les autorités devront parvenir à adapter leurs politiques dans les domaines de la fiscalité, des infrastructures et du logement pour attirer des étrangers très compétents, tout en révisant la réglementation du secteur financier et en renforçant sa transparence.
    DOI: 10.1787/227614230400
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  • 83
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    Rapport annuel sur les Principes directeurs de lOCDE à lintention des entreprises multinationales 2008 : Emploi et relations industrielles (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264056428
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Edition: 2008
    DOI: 10.1787/mne-2008-fr
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  • 84
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    Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement : Fédération de Russie 2008 : Renforcer le cadre politique pour l'investissement (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Edition: 2008
    Series Statement: Examens de l'OCDE des politiques de l'investissement
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Investment Policy Reviews: Russian Federation 2008: Strengthening the Policy Framework for Investment
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264046016-fr
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext
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  • 85
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    Cement Technology Roadmap: Carbon Emissions Reductions up to 2050 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264088061
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p.)
    Series Statement: IEA Technology Roadmaps
    Keywords: Energy
    Abstract: The cement energy technology roadmap outlines a possible transition path for the industry to make continued contributions towards a halving of global CO2 emissions by 2050. As part of this contribution, this roadmap estimates that the cement industry could reduce its direct emissions 18% from current levels by 2050. This roadmap is a first step. It is only attainable with a supportive policy framework, and appropriate financial resources invested over the long term.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264088061-en
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  • 86
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    Test No. 232: Collembolan Reproduction Test in Soil (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076273
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (19 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 ; Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 232 : Essai de reproduction de collemboles dans le sol
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline is designed for assessing the effects of chemicals on the reproduction of collembolans in soil. The parthenogenetic Folsomia candida is the recommended species for use, but an alternative species such as sexually reproducing Folsomia fimetaria could also be used if they meet the validity criteria. This Guideline can be used for testing both water soluble and insoluble substances but it is not applicable to volatile ones. The Guideline aims to determine toxic effects of the test substance on adult mortality and reproductive output expressed as LCx and ECx respectively, or NOEC/LOEC value. The number of treatment concentrations varies depending on endpoints to be determined. For a combined approach to examine both the NOEC/LOEC and ECx, eight concentrations in a geometric series with four replicates for each concentration as well as eight control replicates should be used. In each test vessel, 10 juveniles F. candida (or 10 males and 10 females adults F. fimetaria) should be placed on 30 g of modified OECD artificial soil using a 5 % organic matter content. The duration of a definitive reproduction test is 4 weeks for F. candida or 3 weeks for F. fimetaria.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076273-en
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  • 87
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    Le défi de redressement de la compétitivité française (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 50 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.720
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Challenge of Restoring French Competitiveness
    Keywords: Economics ; France
    Abstract: Depuis le début des années 2000, la France a connu une détérioration marquée de sa performance à l’exportation, conduisant à des préoccupations accrues de la part des autorités et de la société civile sur la capacité d’adaptation de l’économie à une mondialisation croissante des échanges et de l’investissement en biens et services. Les mauvaises performances enregistrées du commerce extérieur sont liées à une série de facteurs plutôt qu’à une seule cause unique. Elles ne peuvent être expliquées par les seuls déterminants externes tels que le taux de change, l’avènement dans le commerce mondial de pays émergents à fort potentiel d’exportation ou la forte hausse des prix du pétrole en 2007-08. En effet, ce n’est pas tant la perte de parts de marchés en soi qui est inquiétante – elle s’est produite dans de nombreux pays – mais plutôt son ampleur dû à la difficulté à répondre à l’accélération de la demande mondiale dans les années 2000, datant d’avant l’apparition de la crise économique actuelle. En effet, l’analyse de la dégradation de la compétitivité renvoie davantage à des facteurs d’offre liés à la moindre aptitude des entreprises françaises à servir les marchés étrangers, mais aussi au développement de stratégies industrielles d’établissement à l’étranger de la totalité du processus de production. Le redressement de la compétitivité passera par un renforcement de la croissance potentielle et une action sur ses principaux déterminants à long terme, tels que l’accroissement de la recherche et développement, la promotion de l’innovation, la baisse du poids de la fiscalité, une amélioration de la concurrence et la création de conditions propices à une croissance rapide des entreprises. Le manque de compétitivité est le plus souvent un symptôme, et non la cause d’une ou plusieurs faiblesses économiques sous-jacentes. C’est pourquoi, il est préférable que l’intervention publique soit globale et porte sur les sources du problème de compétitivité et non qu’elle prenne la forme d’aides ciblées visant à remédier directement au déficit croissant de la balance commerciale. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique de l’OCDE de la France, 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/études/France).
    DOI: 10.1787/222047285620
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  • 88
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    La croissance verte : La crise et au-delà (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264083646
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Green Growth; Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Green Growth: Overcoming the Crisis and Beyond
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Dans le contexte du développement durable, les ressources naturelles et les services écosystémiques fournis par l’environnement sont essentiels à la croissance économique, au bien-être social et à la santé humaine. L’inaction face aux grands problèmes d’environnement comme le changement climatique pourrait être à terme lourde de conséquences économiques. Il importe que les mesures prises aujourd’hui par les gouvernements pour parer à la crise économique soient conçues de manière à favoriser à l’avenir – ou du moins à ne pas compromettre – une croissance durable et respectueuse de l’environnement sur le long terme.Le présent document de réflexion met en évidence des exemples de mesures qu’adoptent d’ores et déjà les gouvernements pour inscrire leurs stratégies de redressement économique dans une perspective plus « verte », et certains des grands enjeux qu’ils pourraient juger utile d’étudier plus avant concernant l’impact de ces stratégies sur l’environnement.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264083646-fr
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  • 89
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    Investment Risk and Pensions : Impact on Individual Retirement Incomes and Government Budgets (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 57 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.87
    DOI: 10.1787/224005547774
    URL: Volltext
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  • 90
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    OECD Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264081857
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p.)
    Keywords: Taxation
    Abstract: The aim of the present Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners is to assist countries in making their tax examiners aware of the various bribery techniques used as well as giving them the tools to detect and identify bribes of foreign public officials and bribes to public officials in the domestic context. Countries may wish to use this Handbook and provide it to their tax officials in the context of their training programmes. Countries may also wish to use it to design their own Handbook that could enable them to incorporate their specific circumstances. For that purpose the Handbook identifies where countryspecific information can be added. The Handbook may also be used as a checklist during tax examinations.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264081857-en
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  • 91
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    Die OECD in Zahlen 2008 (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264058439
    Language: German
    Pages: Online-Ressource (98 p.) , ill.
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD in Figures 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'OCDE en chiffres 2008
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La OCDE en cifras 2008
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264058439-de
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  • 92
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    Essai n 436 : Toxicité aigue͏̈ par inhalation Méthode par classe de toxicité aigue͏̈ (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076020
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 436; Acute Inhalation Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 436: Acute Inhalation Toxicity Acute Toxic Class Method
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La méthode décrite dans cette Ligne directrice fournit des informations permettant d’évaluer les dangers liés à une exposition à court terme à un article d’essai par inhalation. Elle permet également de classer l’article d’essai conformément au Système général de classification et d’étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH). La méthode consiste en plusieurs étapes, chaque étape utilisant 3 animaux de chaque sexe (l’espèce préférée est le rat). Les animaux sont exposés dans des chambres d’inhalation à une concentration prédéfinie pendant 4 heures. L’absence ou la présence de mortalités d’animaux liées à l’article d’essai à une étape détermine l’étape suivante. Les animaux présentant des signes de souffrance ou de détresse sévère sont euthanasiés. La dose de départ est sélectionnée parmi l’une des 4 concentrations correspondant aux catégories 1 à 4 du SGH pour les gaz, les vapeurs ou les aérosols. Les animaux sont observés quotidiennement en vue d’éventuels signes de toxicité pendant au moins 14 jours. Les animaux sont pesés au moins une fois par semaine. Tous les animaux font l’objet d’une autopsie générale.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076020-fr
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  • 93
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    Intégration, non-intégration des transports maritimes, des activités portuaires et logistiques : quelques évidences empiriques ; Contribution à la Table Ronde des 5-6 février 2009 sur "Intégration verticale du transport et de la logistique" (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 S.) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Document de référence / Centre Conjoint de Recherche sur les Transports 2009-1
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2009/01
    Keywords: Transport ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: En cinquante années, la conteneurisation est devenue l’épine dorsale de la mondialisation. Ce processus peut s’expliquer par une interaction vertueuse entre trois grands types de facteurs : des facteurs techniques, économiques et organisationnels. En effet, la conteneurisation n’est à l’origine qu’une simple innovation technique. Mais le conteneur, outil intermodal, ouvre la voie à de nouveaux schémas organisationnels de transport qui s’inscrivent dans la durée. Ces facteurs organisationnels mettent en cause les acteurs du transport qui ont dû redéfinir les frontières de leur métier respectif, afin de mettre en oeuvre des chaînes de transport porte à porte fiables et globales par leur étendue géographique. Ces possibilités ouvertes par la conteneurisation seraient restées lettre morte, si elles n’avaient pas correspondu à de profonds bouleversements des facteurs économiques depuis les années 1970. La très forte croissance du commerce international des produits manufacturés, systématiquement supérieures à celle de l’ensemble du commerce international, elle-même supérieure à celle du PIB, caractérise une accentuation de la division internationale du travail qui n’était possible que sous-tendue par un puissant système de transport.
    Note: Engl. Ausg. u.d.T.: Frémont, Antoine: Empirical Evidence for Integration and Disintegration of Maritime Shipping, Port and Logistics Activities , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/227542743751
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  • 94
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    Essai n 231 : Essai de métamorphose des amphibiens (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076266
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231; Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 231: Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de métamorphose des amphibiens dans le but de dépister certaines substances pouvant intérférer avec le fonctionnement normal de l’axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-thyroidien. L’essai a été validé sur le xénope (Xenopus laevis) qui est donc l’espèce recommandée dans la présente Ligne directrice. L’essai fait usage de trois niveaux de concentrations du produit chimique testé, ainsi que des témoins nécessaires, y compris un témoin-solvant au besoin. L’essai commence avec des têtards au stade de développement 51 sur l’échelle de Nieuwkoop et Faber, et s’étend sur une durée de 21 jours. Quatre cuves répliquats sont utilisés à chaque niveaux de traitement et pour le(s) témoin(s). Après 7 jours d’exposition, un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement et du(des) témoin(s) est échantillonné pour mesurer la longueur du membre antérieur. A l’issue de la période d’exposition de 21 jours, le stade de développement, la longueur museau-cloaque et la longueur du membre antérieur sont mesurés chez tous les têtards restants. Un sous-ensemble de têtards provenant de chaque niveau de traitement, y compris du témoin, est fixé (in toto ou disséqué) pour l’évaluation histopathologique de la glande thyroide.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076266-fr
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  • 95
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    Mejorar el liderazgo escolar, Volumen 1 : política y práctica (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264074026
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (200 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 ; Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version); Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1; Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Améliorer la direction des établissements scolaires, Volume 1 : Politiques et pratiques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1 (Estonian version): Policy and Practice
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Improving School Leadership, Volume 1: Policy and Practice (Lithuanian version)
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: A medida que los países se esfuerzan por reformar sus sistemas educativos y mejorar los resultados de los estudiantes, el liderazgo escolar se ha convertido en una prioridad de política educativa. Pero en muchos países, los hombres y mujeres que dirigen las escuelas están sobrecargados de trabajo, reciben salarios bajos y se acercan a su retiro. Y hay pocas personas que aspiran a ser los futuros directores escolares. ¿Cuáles son las funciones de dirección más eficaces para mejorar el aprendizaje de los alumnos? ¿Cómo asignar y distribuir mejor las distintas tareas de liderazgo? ¿Cómo desarrollar las habilidades apropiadas para un liderazgo eficaz? ¿Cómo hacer la profesión atractiva para candidatos de alta calidad? Este libro está basado en un estudio de la OCDE sobre políticas y prácticas de liderazgo escolar en el mundo. Ofrece una valiosa perspectiva internacional, identifica cuatro áreas específicas de acción y una gama de opciones de política educativa para ayudar a los gobiernos a mejorar el liderazgo escolar ahora y desarrollar un liderazgo escolar sostenible para el futuro. Volúmenes complementarios Improving School Leadership Volume 2: Case Studies on System Leadership examina métodos innovadores para compartir el liderazgo entre las escuelas de Bélgica (Flandes), Finlandia y el Reino Unido (Inglaterra), así como los programas de desarrollo de liderazgo para la mejora del sistema en Australia y Austria. Mejorar el liderazgo escolar: herramientas de trabajo está diseñado para apoyar a los encargados de política educativa y a los practicantes en la planificación de procesos de reforma para escuelas y sistemas educativos en su contexto nacional. El liderazgo escolar eficaz es considerado como clave para la reforma educativa en el mundo. Estos libros serán de interés para encargados de política educativa, consejos escolares, administradores escolares, directores, maestros y padres de familia.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264074026-es
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    Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076358
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (23 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441; Hershberger Bioassay in Rats; A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats: A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Le bio-essai de Hershberger est un essai de dépistage in vivo à court terme. Il permet d’évaluer la capacité d’un produit chimique à induire des activités biologiques analogues à celles induites par des agonistes et des antagonistes d’androgène ou des inhibiteurs de 5α-réductase. L’essai actuel est fondé sur les variations de poids de cinq tissus dépendant des androgènes chez le rat mâle péri-pubertaire castré: la prostate ventrale, la vésicule séminale (plus les fluides et les glandes coagulantes), le muscle élévateur de l’anus et bulbo-caverneux, la paire de glandes de Cowper et le gland. Pour tester les androgènes ou les anti-androgènes, deux - respectivement trois - groupes de doses de la substance d’essai, plus un témoin positif et un témoin de véhicule (négatif) sont normalement suffisants. La substance d’essai est administrée par gavage ou injection sous-cutanée, chaque jour, pendant 10 jours consécutifs. Pour tester les anti-androgènes, la substance d’essai est administrée avec un agoniste d’androgène de référence. Chaque groupe traité ou témoin comprend au moins six animaux. Les animaux sont autopsiés environ 24 heures après la dernière administration de la substance d’essai. Les tissus sont excisés et les poids frais sont déterminés. Une augmentation (pour les androgènes) ou une diminution (pour les anti-androgènes) du poids de deux des cinq tissues, statistiquement significative, indique une réponse positive dans cet essai.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076358-fr
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  • 97
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    Essai n 229 : Essai à court terme de reproduction des poissons (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076204
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229; Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 229: Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: La présente Ligne directrice décrit un essai de dépistage in vivo sur des groupes de poissons (composés de mâles sexuellement matures et de femelles reproductrices) exposés à une substance pendant une durée limitée de leur cycle biologique (21 jours). L’essai à court terme de reproduction a été validé chez le tête-de-boule (Pimephales promelas), qui est donc l’espèce de prédilection. L’essai est mené avec trois niveaux de concentration chimique et les contrôles appropriés, y compris un contrôle contenant le solvent si nécessaire. Pour le tête-de-boule, quatre réplicats sont utilisés pour chaque niveau de concentration et contrôle(s). Pendant toute la durée de l’essai, la fécondité est en outre évaluée quotidiennement sur le plan quantitatif. A l’issue de cette période d’exposition de 21 jours, deux biomarqueurs sont mesurés chez les mâles et les femelles pour servir d’indicateurs des effets de la substance d’essai sur le système endocrinien ; ces biomarqueurs sont la vitellogénine et les caractères sexuels secondaires. Les gonades sont préservées et l’histopathologie gonadique peut être utilisée pour évaluer l’adaptation du système reproducteur des animaux testés et pour confirmer les éléments de preuve apportés par les autres biomarqueurs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076204-fr
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  • 98
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    Test No. 451: Carcinogenicity Studies (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264071186
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (15 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 ; Études de cancérogénèse
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 451 : Études de cancérogénèse
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The objective of a long-term carcinogenicity study is to observe test animals for a major portion of their life span for the development of neoplastic lesions during or after exposure to various doses of a test substance by an appropriate route of administration. This Test Guideline is intended primarily for use with rats and mice, and for oral administration. Both sexes should be used. Each dose group and concurrent control group should contain at least 50 animals of each sex. At least three dose levels and a concurrent control should be used. Animals are dosed with the test substance daily (oral, dermal or inhalation administration) and the mode of exposure should be adjusted according to the toxicokinetic profile of the test substance. The duration of the study will normally be 24 months for rodents. For specific strains of mice, duration of 18 months may be more appropriate. Termination of the study should be considered when the number of survivors in the lower dose groups or the control group falls below 25 per cent. The results of these studies include: measurements (weighing, food consumption), and, at least, daily and detailed observations, as well as gross necropsy and histopathology.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264071186-en
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  • 99
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    Test No. 230: 21-day Fish Assay : A Short-Term Screening for Oestrogenic and Androgenic Activity, and Aromatase Inhibition (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076228
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 ; Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons ; un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai n 230 : Essai de 21 jours sur les poissons : un dépistage à court terme de l'activité oestrogénique, et androgénique et de l'inhibition de l'aromatase
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo screening assay for certain endocrine active substances where sexually mature male and spawning female fish are held together and exposed to a chemical during a limited part of their life-cycle (21 days). This assay covers the screening of oestrogenic and androgenic activity, and aromatase inhibition. The assay was validated on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio); however zebrafish does not allow the detection of androgenic activity. At termination of the 21-day exposure period, depending on the species used, one or two biomarker endpoint(s) are measured in males and females as indicators of oestrogenic, aromatase inhibition or androgenic activity of the test chemical; these endpoints are vitellogenin and secondary sexual characteristics. Vitellogenin is measured in fathead minnow, Japanese medaka and zebrafish, whereas secondary sex characteristics are measured in fathead minnow and Japanese medaka only.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076228-en
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  • 100
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    Test No. 441: Hershberger Bioassay in Rats : A Short-term Screening Assay for (Anti)Androgenic Properties (2009)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264076334
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441; Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat ; Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Essai No. 441: Bio-essai de Hershberger sur le rat : Essai de dépistage à court terme de propriétés (anti)androgéniques
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: The Hershberger Bioassay is an in vivo short–term screening test. It evaluates the ability of a chemical to elicit biological activities consistent with androgen agonists, antagonists or 5 á-reductase inhibitors. The current bioassay is based on the changes in weight of five androgen-dependent tissues in the castrate-peripubertal male rat: the ventral prostate, seminal vesicle (plus fluids and coagulating glands), levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle, paired Cowper’s glands and the glans penis. In order to establish whether a test substance can have androgenic or antiandrogenic action, two – respectively three - dose groups of the test substance, plus positive and vehicle (negative) controls are normally sufficient. The test substance is administered by gavage or subcutaneous injection daily for 10 consecutive days. To test for antiandrogens, the test substance is administered together with a reference androgen agonist. Each treated and control group should include a minimum of 6 animals. The animals are necropsied approximately 24 hours after the last administration of the test substance. The tissues are excised and their fresh weights determined. A statistically significant increase (androgenic) or decrease (antiandrogenic) in the weights of two of the five tissues indicates a positive response in this assay.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264076334-en
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