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  • MPI Ethno. Forsch.  (5,711)
  • GBV  (2)
  • 2020-2024  (5,713)
  • Washington, D.C : The World Bank  (4,267)
  • Singapore : Imprint: Springer  (1,446)
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Year
Author, Corporation
Publisher
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Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Principle of Criminal Imputation for Negligence Crime Involving Artificial Intelligence (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819707225
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 115 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Criminal law. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Preface -- Chapter 1 Challenge of Criminal Imputation for Negligence Crime Involving AI to the Traditional Criminal Imputation Theory -- Chapter 2 Theoretical Preconditions of Criminal Imputation for Negligence Crime Involving AI -- Chapter 3 Imputation System for Negligence Crime Involving AI -- Chapter 4. Main Conclusions and Future Prospects.
    Abstract: This book provides an in-depth discussion of the theoretical and practical issues of criminal imputation for negligence crime involving artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this study combines the imputation challenges brought about by AI with traditional criminal imputation theory and analyses imputation for negligence crime involving AI from three aspects: the basic principles, structure, and results of imputation for negligence crime involving AI. The traditional theory of imputation is discussed in detail. The readership is a group of people interested in this topic, including, in particular, interested laymen, undergraduate students and postgraduate researchers. The highlights of this book are it identifies the imputation challenges bought about by AI, reveals the theoretical and practical gap in the criminal imputation of negligent crimes involving AI, and provides an in-depth and creative ideas of criminal imputation for the negligent crimes involving AI.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0722-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Traditional Knowledge and Climate Change : An Environmental Impact on Landscape and Communities (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819988303
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXVII, 329 p. 51 illus., 43 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 305.8
    RVK:
    LC 51000
    Keywords: Ethnology. ; Human geography. ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Water -- Chapter 2. Forests -- Chapter 3. Air -- Chapter 4. Soil & Rock -- Chapter 5. Sun -- Chapter 6. Culture.
    Abstract: This edited book uses a methodology that includes multidisciplinary collaboration to approach climate issues from several disciplines involved in climate governance. The main aim is to showcase collaborative research designed from the point of view of experiences associated with Indigenous Knowledge from an assumption of the equitable importance of its practices, methods of search, and cultural background that Indigenous Peoples custodians have maintained through time immemorial. In showing their applied ethics and activism to protect their traditional land, this book’s mission is to advocate the concept of climate justice absent from our mainstream academic and legal discourse. Their investigation into some real-life examples and local practices organised by Nature as their main element offers, inter alia, a detailed account of Indigenous Knowledge’s duty of care towards local biodiversity that can potentially be adopted in policy formulation on environmental management and governance. These selected essays represent an international human rights approach, a human understanding of genetic resources that existed for centuries alongside the First Nations and their strategies to mitigate the contemporary climate crisis afflicting all of us. The book revolves around Indigenous Knowledge of First Peoples, tribal and local communities in the Global South. In climate justice, Indigenous Peoples’ advocacy to protect our local biodiversity must be crucial change mitigation.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8830-3
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8830-3
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Ausführliche Beschreibung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Digitalization and Competition Policy in Japan (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819953103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 163 p. 4 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Law ; Law ; Law and economics. ; Digital media. ; Information technology ; Mass media
    Abstract: Part 1. Introduction -- Chapter 1: Overview of Japanese Law -- Chapter 2 International Cooperation and Harmonization in Competition Law -- Part 2: Digital Initiatives in Japanese Competition Law -- Chapter 3: Big Data and AI -- Chapter 4: Big Data and AI -- Chapter 5: Perspectives on High-Tech Regulation -- Part 3: The Realities of Various Digital Regulations -- Chapter 6: Data Regulation -- Chapter 7 Digital PF Regulation -- Chapter 8: Competition in Multisided Markets -- Chapter 9 Competition Law and Consumers in Digital Platforms.
    Abstract: This book organizes the intent and purpose of the Japanese competition law (Antimonopoly Act) to address the digitalized socio-economy and provides a detailed explanation of its basic content as well as advanced issues. It includes an overview of Japanese law and its international position, a basic understanding of the big data and AI issues in today's competition law, and perspectives on high-tech regulation. In addition, it includes a variety of important topics, ranging from exploring principles to tackle digital regulatory realities, to understanding and analyzing the competitive realities of multisided markets. It also examines the relationship between information and competition law and that between consumer and competition law. Digitalization is a key concept in our economy and society today. Carbon neutrality initiatives, the need to improve productivity, globalization, and new ways of working are all seeking breakthroughs by way of digitalization. What’s more, digitalization requires free and fair competition in order to encourage technological innovation. The search for transparent and clear competition laws is essential to promote efficient and effective research and development and to promote public awareness through competition.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-5310-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Poverty Alleviation Via Forest Carbon Sequestration : Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Policy Implications (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819981915
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 291 p. 39 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: International Research on Poverty Reduction
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being. ; Sustainability. ; Social policy.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Definitions of Core Concepts and Literature Review -- Chapter 3. Theoretical Framework for PAFCS -- Chapter 4. Evolution of PAFCS Policies -- Chapter 5. Investigating the Status Quo of PAFCS in Southwest Ethnic Areas -- Chapter 6. Analysis of Farmers' Willingness to Participate Sustainedly in FCS Projects -- Chapter 7. Analysis of Constraints on Farmers' Participation in FCS Projects -- Chapter 8. Analysis of Farmers' Willingness to Accept Ecological Compensation for Participating in FCS Projects -- Chapter 9. Analysis of Farmers’ Cultural Adaptation to FCS Projects -- Chapter 10. Analysis of the Impact of Livelihood Capital on Farmers’ Earnings from FCS Projects -- Chapter 11. Analysis of the Functions of the Community in FCS Projects and the Factors Influencing the Community’s Functions -- Chapter 12. Analysis of the Willingness of Community Elites to Organise FCS Projects -- Chapter 13. Analysis of Elite Capture in FCS Projects -- Chapter 14. Evaluation of the Trickle-Down Effect of PAFCS -- Chapter 15. A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Performance of PAFCS -- Chapter 16. Evaluation of Farmers’ Perceptions of the Effect of PAFCS -- Chapter 17. Conclusions, Policy Suggestions, and Prospects.
    Abstract: This book focuses on two issues: the creation of benefits and opportunities for the poverty-stricken people and the trade-off between FCS and poverty alleviation. At the theoretical level, it explains the essential characteristics of PAFCS, analyses the impact mechanism of FCS projects in poverty alleviation, clarifies the stakeholders and their interests and demands, and delineates the dynamic mechanism of FCS projects and poverty alleviation. Based on this theoretical framework, the current situation and challenges for PAFCS in southwest China's ethnic areas are examined in depth. Project performance was quantitatively measured both for projects themselves and for community farmers. The research emphasises that FCS projects in poverty-stricken areas are not the same as PAFCS, highlights the combination of poverty alleviation theory and ecological compensation theory, and considers PAFCS as an intersection of poverty research and ecological compensation research. Additionally, the research suggested that FCS projects are not general poverty alleviation projects, highlights the need for full respect to be granted to the subjective will and value judgement of farmers, including poverty-stricken farmers, takes the lead in focusing on the win–win goal of combating climate change and reducing poverty, and makes a breakthrough in researching some key issues that need to be solved in the practice of PAFCS in the ethnic areas of Southwest China. This book is helpful for global scholars in the field of sustainable development, anti-poverty and forest carbon sequestration, government officials, and organisations in developing countries concerned with agricultural development, forestry economy, and sustainable development, as well as all the people around the world who want to find innovative solutions in the climate negotiations.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8191-5
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8191-5
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Ausführliche Beschreibung
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Handbook of Disability : Critical Thought and Social Change in a Globalizing World (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789811960567
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(152 illus., 132 illus. in color. eReference.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Social service. ; People with disabilities
    Abstract: Prominent Figures -- Voices of Impact: History of Disability Disability Paradigm Shifts Disability Activism and Advocacy Qualitative and Quantitative Research Intersectionality Studying Critical Disability -- A Consolidating Field Inclusive Design and Accessibility Implementing Policy and Law from a Rights Perspective Monitoring and Indicators of Disability Rights Disaster, Conflict, and Environmental Conditions Disability, Ethics, and Law Conclusion -- Moving Forward.
    Abstract: This important reference work maps the terrain of disability across the world by providing an overview of issues, concerns and developments in the domains of society, culture, medicine, law, policy, justice, education, economics, and science and technology. It is a truly inclusive volume bringing together perspectives from researchers, activists, professionals, service providers, international development experts and policymakers based in the global North and South, and it particularly focuses on the voices of the principal stakeholders---disabled persons themselves. Working from an interdisciplinary matrix, this book reviews historical developments, contemporary practices and policies . It addresses hitherto unchartered areas in the disability discourse that will be significant in the years to come. In the modern world, the social and medical responses to disability have been separation, segregation and incarceration of disabled people. These responses are reflected in practices of special education, building of asylums, medical classifications and sheltered employment. Current thinking on disability is based on the need to overcome such segregation through the enactment of human rights and socially just programmes, policies and laws such as inclusive education, affirmative action, reasonable accommodation, and supported decision-making. This book explores: · The evolution of the concept of disability over space and time and identifies approaches to disability, debility, equality and equity; · Broad trends in research on disability across the world; · New directions in work on disability; · The emergence of a global disability movement and its etiology; · Intersections of disability with other demographic variables like gender, race, caste, and age; and · Historical and socio-economic interfaces with colonialism, globalization, and social development. Spread over14 sections and spanning more than 80 chapters, this volume is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference work available on the subject. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6056-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Dawn of War in South Korea (1947–1950) : The South Korean Workers’ Party and the April Third Massacre (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819988822
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 233 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Korea ; Asia ; Asia ; Peace. ; America
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction: The South Korean Workers' Party, the April Third Massacre, and Understanding the Korean War as a Korean Civil War -- Chapter 2 Words Which Had Forked No Lightning: The Breakdown of the American-Soviet Negotiations and the Seeds of Conflict -- Chapter 3 A Dark Hull Looms and Winds Well Up : The February 7 Commotion and the Embers of the April Third Massacre -- Chapter 4 The April Third Massacre: A Tragic and Misguided Quest to Punish the "Despicable Conduct" of the South Korean Police.
    Abstract: This book offers an analytical account of the April Third Massacre in Korea, a bloody confrontation between supporters of the Syngman Rhee Administration and those suspected (largely incorrectly) of being Communists, or members of the South Korean Workers' Party—the second largest Communist Party after Korea's liberation from Japanese colonial rule. As a result, some 80,000 villagers, fishermen, and policemen were killed. The book, drawing from a wide array of primary sources, ranging from South Korean governmental records, memoranda, memoirs, and recently unclassified documents, examines the role of the South Korean Workers' Party in the April Third Massacre on Jeju and how it shaped the origins of the Korean War. The author maps these origins of the Korean War from the outbreak of the April Third Massacre and through the ensuing chain of violence which included the Yo-su and Sun-ch'on Massacres of October 1948, engulfing the peninsula until 1949. Of interest to all scholars studying modern Korea, it is particularly relevant to historians focused on the Korean War, as well as political scientists and international relations experts interested in East Asian conflicts.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8882-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Hidden Child Brides of the Syrian Civil War : Vulnerable and Voiceless in Human Rights Law and Practice (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819721597
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 78 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Humanitarian law. ; Human rights. ; Family policy. ; Peace.
    Abstract: 1. Understanding Child Marriage Law and Practice -- 2. The Vulnerable Child, Rights and Discourse -- 3. Child Marriage and International Law -- 4.International Human Rights Law Responses Western and Arab Approaches -- 5. The Future for Vulnerable Child Brides.
    Abstract: This book provides a comprehensive account of one significantly underreported aspect of violence affecting young refugee girls today, that of forced child marriage. It examines the ongoing, insidious practice via the lens of international human rights laws and contextualising human rights laws and discourses in relation to Middle Eastern, Islamic, and Jordanian understandings of international law and human rights, where the practice in directly impacting young Syrian refugee girls who are seeking refuge in Jordan with their displaced families. The book finds that in a juxtaposition of human rights definitions and obligations, between the traditional and modern, the religious and the secular, there are mixed implications for the realisation of universal human rights and that this has consequences for the most vulnerable—child refugees. As a result, Syrian children exist in a precarious situation. They are living in a foreign state with an unclear legal status, are largely unidentified, and, in effect, stateless. It is in this liminal space that Syrian children are vulnerable and voiceless and highly exposed to forced marriages and the resultant violence and possibly death. While allowed to continue, the practice of child marriage not only severely impedes upon progressive international human rights efforts to eliminate gender-based violence, slavery, and discrimination, but significantly impacts on children’s physical, mental and emotional health, and their opportunities for growth and development in society. As a case study this book seeks to inform how vulnerable Syrian children have come to be increasingly confronted by child marriage and to consider why it occurred and continues to occur, even though the idea of children being forcibly marriage is considered ethically and legally objectionable within international human rights law. "This insightful and empathetic study into the nefarious global practice of child marriages is important reading for those seeking to understand this contemporary issue. The case study of child marriage in Syrian refugee populations languishing in refugee camps in Jordan highlights the impacts of this pernicious activity, as well as the need for urgent national and international response. The book is especially timely for those working in the field seeking to identify possible mechanisms for leverage in order to stop this abusive practice and for this the author is to be congratulated." Dr Johanna Garnett, Senior Lecturer in Sociology and Peace Studies, University of New England, Armidale. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-2159-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of 3rd 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (3rd ICAUS 2023) : Volume V (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819710959
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 511 p. 329 illus., 289 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 1175
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Computational intelligence. ; Telecommunication. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. An AUV Docking Approach based on Image-based Visual-Servoing and Modified Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control -- Chapter 2. Time and Energy Optimal Path Planning of USV under Time-Varying Ocean Currents -- Chapter 3. Comparative study on wave disturbance prediction methods for the modeling of maneuvering motion -- Chapter 4. Simulation Technology of Unmanned Surface Vehicle Cluster Based on Digital Modeling -- Chapter 5. An improved YOLOv5 approach for multi-object detection of unmanned surface vehicles -- Chapter 6. Improvement of bacterial foraging algorithm for heading control of Unmanned Surface Vessel -- Chapter 7. Research on performance boundary test scenario clustering generation method for ship autonomous collision avoidance algorithm -- Chapter 8. Design of Course Controller for Unmanned Surface Vehicles Considering Complex Environment Interference -- Chapter 9. Variable structure water-air amphibious trans-media vehicle concept design and characteristic analysis -- Chapter 10. Underwater small target detection based on improved YOLOv7, etc.
    Abstract: This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd ICAUS 2023, which provides a unique and engaging platform for scientists, engineers and practitioners from all over the world to present and share their most recent research results and innovative ideas. The 3rd ICAUS 2023 aims to stimulate researchers working in areas relevant to intelligent unmanned systems. Topics covered include but are not limited to: Unmanned Aerial/Ground/Surface/Underwater Systems, Robotic, Autonomous Control/Navigation and Positioning/ Architecture, Energy and Task Planning and Effectiveness Evaluation Technologies, Artificial Intelligence Algorithm/Bionic Technology and their Application in Unmanned Systems. The papers presented here share the latest findings in unmanned systems, robotics, automation, intelligent systems, control systems, integrated networks, modelling and simulation. This makes the book a valuable resource for researchers, engineers and students alike.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1095-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building an Olive-Shaped Society : Economic Growth, Income Distribution and Public Policies in China (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819708048
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 195 p. 78 illus., 77 illus. in color.)
    Uniform Title: 迈向橄榄型社会
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Finance, Public. ; Economic development. ; Political planning. ; Social policy. ; Social Inequality ; Common Prosperity ; Income Distribution ; Educational Policy ; Health-care Policy ; Housing Market ; Philanthropy ; Public Finance ; Labor Market ; Asset Price ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: From pyramids to olives -- Building a unified and inclusive labor market -- Real estate: Returning to real demand and reducing excessive financialization -- Balancing regional development and carbon emission constraints -- Sharing infrastructure and improving operational efficiency -- Establishing equitable and efficient systems for education and healthcare -- Connecting the hands of government and society to leverage the role of public finance and charity -- The macro trend of asset prices in the age of common prosperity. .
    Abstract: This open access book offers a comprehensive analysis of China’s way of economic development balancing between efficiency and equity, striving to investigate existing challenges and to discuss the role of fiscal policies and philanthropy to mitigate social inequality. The book analyzes the current overall state and challenges of China's income and wealth distribution and describes the social inequality in specific fields such as labor market, housing markets, education, public health, infrastructure building and carbon emission. This book also explores the implications of long-run trends of macro-asset pricing. The book is both academically rigorous and readable. This valuable reference will attract readers in economics, public finance and social policy who seek to better understand China’s path of combating social inequality.
    Note: Open Access , Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: “迈向橄榄型社会” by CICC Research, CICC Global Institute, © CITIC Press 2022
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0804-8
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the Alternative Punishment to the Death Penalty in China (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819716272
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIX, 224 p. 7 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Criminal law. ; Human rights.
    Abstract: Introduction -- General views on criminal punishment in China -- The death penalty and its reforms in China and other countries -- The alternative punishment to the death penalty -- General issues concerning life imprisonment -- The approaches of life imprisonment as an alternative to the death penalty in China -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book presents a study of alternative penalties to the death penalty in China, aiming to promote theoretical exploration of death penalty reform in China as well as long-term penal reform. Currently, China is endeavouring to control the use of the death penalty and is gradually moving towards its abolition. The factors influencing the choice of the punishment option to replace the death penalty are complex and varied and include the traditional punishment culture, penalty concepts, the political system, the punishment system, public opinion and human rights, etc. Given the differences between China and developed Western democratic states, when we examine these influencing factors, we cannot ignore the culture of the punishment and the special political and legislation system in China. In this light, this work examined and analysed the factors that influence the choice of punishment option to replace the death penalty in this special political system with its clearly Chinese characteristics. Criminal policy and public opinion are two significant and typical factors involving obvious political considerations in China. The former normally reflects and carries out the will of the Government as expressed to the national management; the latter responds to the majority of citizens’ view on the current legal system and it is, to a great extent, the basis for national leadership’s running of the country. Even though life imprisonment without release (hereinafter, LWOR) has been stipulated by the Ninth Amendment for the crime of corruption, it should not be the preferable option as the alternative sanction to the death penalty because it is a kind of cruel torture and violates the constitutional principle of human rights protection. On the contrary, life imprisonment with possibility of release (hereinafter, LWPR) would be an option, but the termination mechanisms for inmates should be set out in accordance with the principle of proportional justice; aggravated life imprisonment can be chosen to replace the death penalty in China. In addition, there needs to be improvements made to the relevant criminal systems. By examining China's death penalty reform and long-term imprisonment reform, this book not only explains the methodology of the reform theoretically, but also pays attention to the issues of legislation and judicial practice. This book is of interest to scholars and researchers in the fields of criminal justice, penal reform issues, and crime control in China. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1627-2
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  • 11
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    Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems : Selected Papers from ICOTTS 2023, Volume 2 (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819997589
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 546 p. 59 illus., 46 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 384
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Tourism. ; Management. ; Big data.
    Abstract: Strategic management of cultural projects - CIM Douro training -- Effects of Internet Access on Tourist Consumption in Mexican Households -- Enhancing Tourist Experiences: Integrating ChatGPT and 360 VR Videos in Tourism and Tourist Psychology -- Residents' perceptions of sustainable tourism development in an emerging destination: a factor-cluster approach -- Data Science in Supporting Hotel Management: application of predictive models to Booking.com guest evaluations -- Organizational Commitment: The role of Organizational Happiness and Quiet Quitting -- Proposal for a Technological Thematic Concept for the Trays Festival Museum -- The Impact of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance: Study for Portuguese Hotel Companies -- The influence of the senior tourist profile on the assessment of the dimensions of well-being and quality of life -- Experiences of Backpackers: an overview of publications -- Importance–Performance Analysis of Oleotourism experience -- Present and Future Digital Media Experiences to Support Travellers’ Decision Process During Online Accommodation Booking: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis -- Motivating Factors in Choosing a Wine Tourism Destination and Its Impact on Territorial Marketing Policies -- Financial impact of covid-19: perspective from the hospitality and restaurant industry -- The Dynamics of Participant Engagement in a Food Festival: The Soup Congress case in Tomar -- Proposal for the creation of a MOOC on military tourism -- Cross-border tourism: a residents’ perspective of the Iberian Meseta Reserve -- The impact of work-life conflict on employees' emotional well-being and the adoption of quiet quitting – A study case applied to the Portuguese hospitality industry -- Reviving the Templar Tale: Proposal for the creation of an immersive experience through the Templar Heritage of Tomar -- Business Intelligence Tools to Improve Business Strategy -- Technology towards Luxury Brands: preliminary insights on fashion tourism, metaverse and non-fungible token (NFT) -- Applying the Importance-Performance Matrix to the Podence Carnival Festival -- Nutrition Software to the Management and Support of Health and Wellness Tourism: An Approach -- Backpackers’ space-time behaviour in a world heritage City – Porto -- Environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) in a price-set competition between private and state-owned hotels -- Tourist Technology Satisfaction: Scale Development and Validation -- Dialogic communication and dialogic loop principle in official websites of tourism – hospitality -- A Fuzzy ELECTRE method to model the risk in credit products for financing tourism experiences -- How wine information seeking and event participation impact knowledge and determines the purchasing behaviour? -- The Role of Sociodemographic Characteristics on the Journey from Brand Experience to Brand Love and Loyalty – Porto. -- Perception of Risk and Identification of Security Measures when visiting Cultural Heritage -- Visiting Porto through the eyes of Eugénio de Andrade -- The Perception of Tourists Regarding the Importance of Influencers in Shaping the Image of a Tourist Destination: The Case of Melgaço (Portugal) -- Social Media and the growth of E-Commerce – Multiple case studies: MusaMakeup and CRU Ecoliving -- Improving accessibility as a strategy for social sustainability in tourism supply -- Fashion as an economic sustainability indicator in tourism destinations’ governance through business participation -- Technology applications in the competitiveness of tourism destinations -- Events Tourism and Hospitality Marketing -- Entrepreneurship and COVID 19: The entrepreneurial challenge in a global pandemic -- Educational Practice: The Domain of Curricular Autonomy (DCA) at Fontes Pereira de Melo School. -- Societies, ICT and Higher Education in the 21st Century: Reflections and Proposals -- The Importance of Digital Marketing in Hospitality: The Case of Hotel Fafense.
    Abstract: This book features a collection of high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Tourism, Technology and Systems (ICOTTS 2023), held at Anáhuac University, Bacalar, Mexico, from 2 to 4 November 2023. The book is divided into two volumes, and it covers the areas of technology in tourism and the tourist experience, generations and technology in tourism, digital marketing applied to tourism and travel, mobile technologies applied to sustainable tourism, information technologies in tourism, digital transformation of tourism business, e-tourism and tourism 2.0, big data and management for travel and tourism, geotagging and tourist mobility, smart destinations, robotics in tourism, and information systems and technologies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9758-9
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  • 12
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    Proceedings of 3rd 2023 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (3rd ICAUS 2023) : Volume IV (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819710911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 517 p. 282 illus., 232 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 1174
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Control engineering. ; Robotics. ; Automation. ; Computational intelligence. ; Telecommunication. ; Artificial intelligence.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Cooperative Transmit Resource Scheduling Algorithm for Asynchronous Tracking in Heterogeneous Multiple Distributed Radar Networks with Imperfect Detection -- Chapter 2. Joint Detection Threshold and Dwell Time Optimization for Target Tracking in Radar Networks -- Chapter 3. An Accurate and Robust Effectiveness Evaluation Method for an Unmanned Swarm in Performing a Specific Task -- Chapter 4. Multi-UAV collaborative search strategy based on improved genetic algorithm -- Chapter 5. Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation in a MIMO Radar Network with Per-Antenna Power Control -- Chapter 6. Intelligent Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Track Deception against Radar Networks -- Chapter 7. Maneuvering Multi-Target Tracking based on DLSTM and Dynamic Association Gate -- Chapter 8. A DNN-Based GLMB Algorithm for Multi-Sensor Multi-Target Tracking with Dense Group Clutter -- Chapter 9. Efficient Multiple Extended Target Tracking Based on MinimumSpanning Tree -- Chapter 10. Improved Adaptive Sliding Mode Cooperative Guidance Law with Multi-constraints, etc.
    Abstract: This book includes original, peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd ICAUS 2023, which provides a unique and engaging platform for scientists, engineers and practitioners from all over the world to present and share their most recent research results and innovative ideas. The 3rd ICAUS 2023 aims to stimulate researchers working in areas relevant to intelligent unmanned systems. Topics covered include but are not limited to: Unmanned Aerial/Ground/Surface/Underwater Systems, Robotic, Autonomous Control/Navigation and Positioning/ Architecture, Energy and Task Planning and Effectiveness Evaluation Technologies, Artificial Intelligence Algorithm/Bionic Technology and their Application in Unmanned Systems. The papers presented here share the latest findings in unmanned systems, robotics, automation, intelligent systems, control systems, integrated networks, modelling and simulation. This makes the book a valuable resource for researchers, engineers and students alike.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1091-1
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    Does Unequal Tax Burden Contribute to Women-Owned Businesses Leaving the Tax Net? (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ambel, Alemayehu A Does Unequal Tax Burden Contribute to Women-Owned Businesses Leaving the Tax Net?
    Keywords: Effective Tax Rate ; Fiscal Adjustment ; Fiscal Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Gap ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Women and Tax ; Women Run Businesses
    Abstract: This study investigates gender disparities in the tax burden in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using data on 2,320 taxpayers for 2011 and 2012. A quantile regression analysis is employed to control for firm characteristics such as sector, size, and age. The results show that women-owned businesses are more likely to operate in low-profit sectors and report lower sales and tax liabilities than men-owned businesses. However, women-owned businesses pay as much as men-owned businesses in taxes, suggesting that they are subject to a higher effective tax rate. This, in turn, may lead to women-owned businesses exiting the tax net at a higher rate. These findings suggest that gender disparities in tax compliance are not simply due to differences in firm characteristics but may also be due to biases in tax declaration and enforcement processes
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10712
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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  • 14
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    Does Financial Development Reduce Gender Disparity in Top Manager Positions in Manufacturing SMEs in Developing Countries? (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Amin, Mohammad Does Financial Development Reduce Gender Disparity in Top Manager Positions in Manufacturing SMEs in Developing Countries?
    Keywords: Access to Finance ; Credit Market ; Discriminating Practices ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Formal Manufacturing Enterprises ; Gender ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Gap ; Women in Management
    Abstract: Women often face more hurdles than men in obtaining finance. This is especially so when credit supply is limited and financial markets are less developed. As a result, owners of firms may prefer men over women as top managers of their firms, widening the gender gap in top manager positions. This paper tests this idea using firm-level survey data for small and medium-size formal manufacturing enterprises in 47 developing countries. The results confirm a positive relationship between credit supply and the likelihood of having a woman versus a man as the top manager. This positive relationship is much stronger in industries that are more dependent on external sources of finance for technological reasons. It is also stronger in countries with poor coverage by credit bureaus and low competition between banks, which is consistent with "statistical" and "taste-based" discrimination against women borrowers. The main result is robust to several endogeneity checks, sample alterations, and alternative measures of credit supply and financial development
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10711
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  • 15
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    Stages of Diversification Redux (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Assem Mohammed G Hassan Ahmed, Hoda Stages of Diversification Redux
    Keywords: Development Trajectories ; Economic Concentration ; Economic Diversification ; Economic Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Resource Poor Countries ; Resource Rich Countries
    Abstract: The existing literature on development and economic diversification finds an inverted-U function between these two variables, whereby economies diversify as they grow up to a point, after which they start specializing. This paper contributes to this literature by investigating the stages of diversification over the course of development during the past 57 years. The paper emphasizes the trajectories of resource-rich and resource-poor countries, an issue that has not been covered by the extant literature. In addition, the paper studies the stages of diversification across three dimensions, namely employment, value-added, and exports. Additionally, it examines the relationship for services. Non-parametric estimations suggest a U-shaped curve between measures of economic concentration and per capita income levels, which is in line with existing evidence. However, these patterns are mainly driven by between-country rather than within-country variation, a finding that had been ignored in the existing literature. Diversification patterns also differ across resource-rich and resource-poor countries: Employment and value added in resource-rich countries are on average more concentrated at low levels of development while in resource poor countries, they are more concentrated at high levels of development. In contrast, at all levels of development, exports are more concentrated in resource-rich countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10709
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    The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Iranian Labor Market (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Redaelli, Silvia The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Iranian Labor Market
    Keywords: Covid-19 ; Gender ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Norms ; Labor Force Participation ; Poverty Reduction ; Women in The Workforce
    Abstract: Despite sizable government interventions to sustain the economy, in the first year of the pandemic (2021/22), approximately 1 million jobs were lost in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and labor force participation contracted by 3 percentage points. Iranian women were the most affected: two out of three jobs lost between 2019/20 and 2020/21 were previously held by women. The gendered impact of the crisis contributed to widening Iranian women's disadvantage in the labor market. Most importantly, the gains in female labor force participation that had slowly accumulated since 2011 vanished. Consistent with what is observed in other countries, women with young children were the most affected by the crisis. The combined effect of school closures and unequal intra-household allocation of care responsibilities, associated with prevailing gender norms, pushed Iranian women with children out of the labor force. Whether or not these trends will be reversed as the management of the COVID-19 pandemic is normalized and the economy recovers from the crisis remains an important policy question
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10705
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  • 17
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    Learning Can't Wait : Lessons for Latin America and the Caribbean from PISA 2022 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Education Study
    Keywords: Education ; Education Reform and Management ; Latin America ; Learning ; Pisa
    Abstract: This report explores the results of the latest round of PISA for countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), showcasing the results for the region, the differences within the region and between the region and the rest of the world. For this round of PISA, 14 countries of LAC participated in the assessment, representing the largest number of LAC countries in the assessment since its inception. The report covers three key insights: (1) learning is low and highly unequal in LAC, (2) for most countries trends in learning are not moving in the right direction; and (3) countries in LAC should ensure that all students acquire at least basic proficiency in foundational skills, by addressing disparities and focusing on the effective use of technology
    DOI: 10.1596/41144
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    Falling Long-Term Growth Prospects : Trends, Expectations, and Policies (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (558 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Developing Economies ; Growth Prospects ; Policies ; Poverty ; Structural Growth
    Abstract: A structural growth slowdown is under way across the world: at current trends, the global rate of potential growth is expected to fall to a three-decade low over the remainder of the 2020s. Nearly all the forces that have powered growth and prosperity since the early 1990s have weakened. In addition, a series of shocks has affected the global economy over the past three years. A persistent and broad-based decline in long-term growth prospects imperils the ability of emerging market and developing economies to combat poverty, tackle climate change, and meet other key development objectives. The challenges presented by this potential inability call for an ambitious policy response at the national and global levels. This book presents the first detailed analysis of the growth slowdown and a rich menu of policy options to deliver better growth outcomes. This book presents a sobering analysis of the secular growth slowdown based on the most comprehensive database of potential growth estimates available to date. With nearly all the forces that have driven growth and prosperity in recent decades now weakened, the book argues that a prolonged period of weakness is under way, with serious implications for emerging market and developing economies. The authors call for bold policy actions at both the national and global levels to lift growth prospects. The book is essential reading for policy makers, economists, and anyone concerned about the future of the global economy. Beatrice Weder di Mauro Professor of International Economics, Geneva Graduate Institute, and President of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Economic policy making is becoming increasingly complicated in the 2020s. In addition to tackling traditional trade-offs in aggregate demand management and improving efficiency on the supply side, policy makers need to address new priorities and challenges, from addressing climate change and its impacts to improving income distribution, all in the context of lower growth rates, waning productivity growth, and flattening of the globalization process that has brought unprecedented prosperity across the globe and lifted more than a billion people out of poverty. In Falling Long-Term Growth Prospects, the authors do a phenomenal job of assessing these trends at the global and regional levels, identifying and unpacking salient twenty-first-century policy challenges, and providing thoughtful and evidence-based policy prescriptions for leaders in advanced, emerging market, and developing economies. Importantly, the book underscores that these challenges tend to be global and, hence, global cooperation at all levels is necessary to achieve optimal results. Alas, we seem to be going in the opposite direction; this book offers a road map to put us back on the path to creating a more integrated, prosperous, and equitable global community. Michael G. Plummer Director, SAIS Europe and ENI Professor of International Economics, The Johns Hopkins University
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    Assessing the Extent of Monetary Poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic after a Decade of Conflict (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Redaelli, Silvia Assessing the Extent of Monetary Poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic after a Decade of Conflict
    Keywords: Data Deprivation ; Fragility and Conflict ; Poverty Measurement ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Nowcasting ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Social Development and Poverty
    Abstract: The data for estimating monetary poverty in the Syrian Arab Republic are outdated. In the context of data scarcity, this paper aims to propose a methodological approach to address the knowledge gap regarding welfare in Syria over the past decade. In particular, the analysis provides (i) updated pre-conflict poverty baseline estimates based on grouped data from the 2009 Household Income and Expenditure Survey; (ii) supporting evidence on the viability of using Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme Demographic and Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene 2022 survey data for the estimation of monetary poverty in 2022; and (iii) supporting theoretical and empirical evidence to identify growth in per capita gross domestic product in current prices deflated by Consumer Price Index as the best metric to project poverty using a nowcasting approach. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes to use 2022 Humanitarian Needs Assessment Programme-based poverty estimates to anchor the most recent estimates to the best available evidence, and to interpolate the poverty evolution obtained from back-casting 2022 and nowcasting 2009 poverty estimates over 2009-22 using the growth rate of per capita gross domestic product in current prices, deflated by the Consumer Price Index with a passthrough of 0.7
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10736
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    Gender and Fiscal Policy : A Methodological Proposal and its Application to Jordan and Armenia (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jellema, Jon Gender and Fiscal Policy: A Methodological Proposal and its Application to Jordan and Armenia
    Keywords: Finance and Development ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Social Development ; Incidence Analysis ; Social Analysis ; Social Development ; Taxes ; Transfers
    Abstract: Fiscal policies affect households and individuals in a variety of ways. Even though these effects are likely to be different for men and women, conventional tools of fiscal incidence analysis are typically unable to capture these gender differences. Using a particular type of incidence analysis known in the literature as the Commitment to Equity framework, this paper proposes a methodology to overcome this challenge. A particular novelty the paper introduces is the explicit incorporation of social reproduction into the fiscal incidence analysis framework, enabling the implicit valuation of unpaid work that is typically undertaken by women on activities such as cooking, cleaning, and caring for children and the elderly. Applying this methodology to the cases of Jordan and Armenia -- two countries with very different approaches to fiscal policy and cultural norms around the economic and social roles of men and women -- the paper also highlights some of the insights that this engendered perspective could add to standard fiscal incidence analysis
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10733
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  • 21
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    Using Survey-to-Survey Imputation to Fill Poverty Data Gaps at a Low Cost : Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dang, Hai-Anh Using Survey-to-Survey Imputation to Fill Poverty Data Gaps at a Low Cost: Evidence from a Randomized Survey Experiment
    Keywords: Consumption ; Household Surveys ; Information and Communication Technologies ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Reduction ; Survey-To-Survey Imputation
    Abstract: Survey data on household consumption are often unavailable or incomparable over time in many low- and middle-income countries. Based on a unique randomized survey experiment implemented in Tanzania, this study offers new and rigorous evidence demonstrating that survey-to-survey imputation can fill consumption data gaps and provide low-cost and reliable poverty estimates. Basic imputation models featuring utility expenditures, together with a modest set of predictors on demographics, employment, household assets, and housing, yield accurate predictions. Imputation accuracy is robust to varying the survey questionnaire length, the choice of base surveys for estimating the imputation model, different poverty lines, and alternative (quarterly or monthly) Consumer Price Index deflators. The proposed approach to imputation also performs better than multiple imputation and a range of machine learning techniques. In the case of a target survey with modified (shortened or aggregated) food or non-food consumption modules, imputation models including food or non-food consumption as predictors do well only if the distributions of the predictors are standardized vis-a-vis the base survey. For the best-performing models to reach acceptable levels of accuracy, the minimum required sample size should be 1,000 for both the base and target surveys. The discussion expands on the implications of the findings for the design of future surveys
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10738
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    Comparing Internally Displaced Persons with those Left Behind : Evidence from the Central African Republic (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lain, Jonathan Comparing Internally Displaced Persons with those Left Behind: Evidence from the Central African Republic
    Keywords: Armed Conflict ; Central African Republic ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Displacement ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Poverty ; Poverty Diagnostics ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Global poverty is increasingly becoming concentrated in conflict-affected settings. Therefore, assessing the welfare of those people displaced by conflict is of growing policy importance. Collecting and analyzing data on displaced people is challenging because sampling them is difficult, standard welfare metrics may not reflect their experiences, and they are highly heterogeneous. Assessing the welfare effects of displacement also hinges on constructing counterfactuals that show how internally displaced persons would have fared had they stayed in place. Displaced people typically come from a nonrandom subset of communities affected by conflict or other shocks, so comparing them with the rest of the population may be misleading. This paper addresses this issue using data from the Central African Republic, which recorded detailed information on displacement histories to isolate the communities from which those living in internally displaced person camps originated. Using these "catchment areas" for internally displaced person camps as a counterfactual suggests that although displaced households have lower monetary consumption and higher monetary poverty than the overall population, they may be no worse off on many key metrics than those left behind in the communities originally affected by conflict. Moreover, those left behind enjoy none of the benefits of being in camps, such as additional access to water and sanitation services. These results underline the importance of tailoring policies and data collection to consider those in communities originally affected by conflict, just as practitioners are doing for displaced populations
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10725
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    Empowering Adolescent Girls through Safe Spaces and Accompanying Measures in Cote D'Ivoire (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Boulhane, Othmane Empowering Adolescent Girls through Safe Spaces and Accompanying Measures in Cote D'Ivoire
    Keywords: Adolescent Girls ; Clubs ; Family Planning Research ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Education ; Gender and Health ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Husbands ; Income-Generating Activities ; Law and Development ; Randomized Experiment ; Safe Spaces
    Abstract: This study uses a cluster-randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a large-scale women and girls empowerment program on sexual and reproductive health and empowerment outcomes in Cote d'Ivoire. The study assesses and compares the impact of diverse strategies aimed at equipping girls with life skills and sexual and reproductive health knowledge, provided through well-established safe spaces, in isolation or in combination with livelihood support interventions, or with initiatives designed to engage boys and men and community and religious leaders. The findings show that one year after the end of the interventions, safe spaces alone have a moderate impact on girls' empowerment, while safe spaces combined with husbands' and future husbands' clubs are the most impactful. Combining safe spaces with livelihood support interventions leads to improvements in adolescent girls' employment outcomes, as expected. Finally, the findings show that engaging leaders in the context of safe spaces interventions yields mixed results on girls' empowerment
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10721
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  • 24
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    Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of Govtech Platforms on Citizen Engagement (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Diakite, Maimouna Cross-Country Empirical Analysis of Govtech Platforms on Citizen Engagement
    Keywords: Citizen Engagement ; E-Government ; Governance ; Govtech ; Govtech Maturity Index ; Govtech Reform ; Public Sector Modernization
    Abstract: Countries worldwide are implementing GovTech reforms to modernize the public sector and achieve better performance while responding to citizens' needs. At its core, GovTech represents a whole-of-government approach to public sector modernization, which emphasizes three critical aspects: (i) citizen-centric public services that are universally accessible; (ii) a whole-of-government approach to digital government transformation; and (iii) simple, efficient, and transparent government systems. Within this context, strengthening citizen engagement is crucial to ensure accountability, improve public policy quality, and enhance service delivery. Accordingly, this study aims to be the first cross-country empirical assessment of the impact of GovTech platforms, which can allow citizens to: (i) participate in policy decision-making and (ii) provide feedback on public service delivery. Using a large sample of 176 countries, the study assesses the impact of the implementation of national platforms that allow citizens to participate more effectively. This research employs entropy balancing as the main identification strategy, as well as propensity score matching and ordinary least squares regressions on the matching sample as alternatives. Additional robustness checks were performed using alternative GovTech Maturity Index 2022 data and by considering the possibility of a slower diffusion of the technology. A sensitivity analysis, considering the role of governance, political and institutional factors, as well as the level of development, is likewise performed. The results show a significant and positive impact of GovTech platforms on citizen engagement. Similarly, democracy and the equal distribution of political power have strong and positive effects on citizen engagement. By contrast, public sector corruption negatively and significantly impacts citizen engagement. The findings also provide evidence that GovTech platforms are more effective in fostering citizen engagement in high-income economies and in countries where the government is efficient, institutional and social fragility is low, and there is no conflict or only low-intensity conflict. The results of an Africa-focused analysis indicate that African countries that have adopted such digital platforms likewise experience an increase in citizen engagement
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10716
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    Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21St Century : Four Trends and an Uncertain Outlook (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Isser, Deborah H Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21St Century: Four Trends and an Uncertain Outlook
    Keywords: Centralized Power Arrangements ; Checks and Balances ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Governance Reform ; Governance Trajectory ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Development ; Social Inclusion and Institutions
    Abstract: What can be learned from the governance trajectory of African countries since the beginning of the 21st century What is the quality of governance on the African continent and how does it shape development The first decade of the millennium saw promising growth and poverty reduction in much of the continent. Yet, Sub-Saharan Africa has also been the stage of a stream of governance reform failures and policy reversals, and many countries continue to suffer from the consequences of poor governance. This paper explores the dynamics of governance reform on the continent over the past two decades and points to four key trends. First, effective state institutions, capable of maintaining peace, fostering growth, and delivering services, have developed unevenly. Second, progress has been made on enhancing the inclusiveness and accountability of institutions, but it remains constrained by the weakness of checks and balances and the persistence of patterns of centralized and exclusive power arrangements. Third, civic capacity has risen considerably, but the inability of institutions to respond to social expectations and political mobilization threatens to turn liberal civic engagement into distrust, populism, and radicalization. Fourth, the combination of these three trends contributes to the rise of political instability, which constitutes a major threat for the continent
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10713
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    FY 2023 Mali Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Mali assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Mali perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Mali on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Mali; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Mali; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Mali; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Mali
    DOI: 10.1596/41303
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  • 27
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    Opportunities for Financing : Farming and Processing in the Cassava, Maize and Plantain Value Chains in Cote d'Ivoire (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Cassava ; Food ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Loans ; Marketing ; Plantain ; Value Chain
    Abstract: The main objective of the report is to develop business models on farming and/or processing of cassava, maize and plantain in Cote d'Ivoire that would help financial institutions to gain better knowledge of the value chains, to design appropriate financing products and to streamline the loan decision process for women-led cooperatives. This report has been produced hand in hand with a financial evaluation tool, to assess the profitability of lending to various cooperatives engaged these select value chains. In addition, detailed financial models have been prepared to assess the cash flow projections of the cooperatives, which could be used in the loan decision process. A marketing strategy plan has also been prepared, which aims at guiding financial institutions in their lending initiatives to cooperatives operating in the various value chains. It is vital for financial institutions to have the right marketing approach, so that cooperatives with a suitable profile can enter their pipeline as potential clients for lending
    DOI: 10.1596/41276
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    Turning Risks into Reward : Diversifying the Global Value Chains of Decarbonization Technologies (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rosenow, Samuel Kaspar Turning Risks into Reward: Diversifying the Global Value Chains of Decarbonization Technologies
    Keywords: Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Decarbonization ; Decarbonization Technologies ; Energy ; Energy Finance ; Environment ; Export Strength Index ; Global Value Chains ; Net-Zero Emissions
    Abstract: Reaching net-zero emissions by 2050 requires unprecedented scaling up in the global deployment of critical decarbonization technologies, such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and electric vehicles. This challenge is currently rife with both risks and rewards: while securing an adequate supply of these technologies has become an urgent policy priority for many countries, their high-growth global value chains also offer lucrative benefits for those able to meet the burgeoning global demand. Although recent policy responses have sought to nearshore production to reduce risks and capitalize on rewards, this paper instead lays out an evidence-based strategy to help diversify the global value chains of decarbonization technologies across countries with latent production capabilities and resource endowments. To that end, it constructs a new dataset of traded products, components, and materials associated with decarbonization technologies; develops new indexes capturing countries' current export strengths and future diversification potential in these global value chains; and highlights products with supply risks due to high market concentration levels and those with development rewards in terms of their potential for growth, knowledge spillovers, and technological upgrading. Taken together, the evidence supports the idea that there is plenty of opportunity to diversify these value chains across a larger number of countries to avoid the risks associated with reliance on only a few countries
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10696
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    Breadwinners and Caregivers : Examining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavior (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gonzalez Martinez, Paula Lorena Breadwinners and Caregivers: Examining the Global Relationship between Gender Norms and Economic Behavior
    Keywords: Division of Labor ; Gender ; Gender and Employment ; Gender Gap ; Gender Gap in The Workforce ; Gender Informatics ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Household Maintenance
    Abstract: Gender norms are often emphasized to help explain gender gaps in the labor market. This paper examines global patterns of gender attitudes and norms toward the stereotypical gender roles of the male breadwinner and female caregiver, and broad support for gender equality in opportunities, and studies their relationship with economic behavior. Using data collected via Facebook from 150,000 individuals across 111 countries the paper explores how gender beliefs and norms are related to labor supply, household production, and intrahousehold decision-making power within a country. The paper provides descriptive evidence that the more gender equitable or counter-stereotypical are beliefs and norms, the more likely women are to work, the more time men spend on household chores, and the higher the likelihood of joint decision-making among couples. The findings suggest an underestimation of the support for gender equality globally and the extent of underestimation varies by gender and region. The paper concludes with a discussion of potential entry points for policy to help address gender norms
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10692
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    Vietnam : Upgrading infrastructure design for universal accessibility (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Infrastructure and Growth ; Infrastructure Economics ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Urban Accessibility ; Urban Development ; Urban Economic Development
    Abstract: The World Bank's Vietnam Scaling Up Urban Upgrading Project aimed to develop sustainable urban infrastructure in Vietnam's Mekong Delta Region. The project focused on universally accessible design principles for infrastructure development and aimed to strengthen planning capacity, improve infrastructure design, increase awareness of universal accessibility, and promote green infrastructure. A QII Partnership grant supported the project by facilitating the application of principles and providing technical advice. These activities will benefit seven urbanizing cities, improve livelihoods, and reach approximately 90,000 individuals in low-income areas with universal accessibility design. It has also informed new World Bank initiatives to improve accessibility regionally and globally
    DOI: 10.1596/41247
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    Liberia Country Climate Development Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Climate and Development Reports (CCDRs)
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change Adaptation ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Finance ; Inlcusive Growth ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Reduction ; Resilience
    Abstract: This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) examines Liberia's development trajectory through the lens of the country's vulnerability to climate change. It identifies Liberia's development risks and opportunities, models various scenarios of climate impact and intervention, and proposes ways to strengthen resilience and finance climate actions that support Liberia's development aspirations of inclusive growth and poverty reduction
    DOI: 10.1596/41241
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    Measuring the Emissions and Energy Footprint of the ICT Sector : Implications for Climate Action (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Digitalization ; Energy Footprint ; Environment ; GHG ; ICT Policy and Strategies ; ICT Sector ; Information and Communication Technologies
    Abstract: Digitalization is increasing rapidly worldwide, requiring more energy, and resulting in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) two thirds of the world's population are now online. Estimates of the internet and communication technology (ICT) sector's share of global carbon emissions vary across the literature ranging from 1.5 to 4 percent. Based on the data and estimates in this report at least 1.7 percent of global emissions stem from the ICT sector. Meanwhile, one-third of the world's population, or 2.6 billion people, remain unconnected to the internet. The large majority, about 94 percent, live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and less than 20 percent of LMICs have modern data infrastructure, such as co-location data centers and access to cloud computing. Connecting people in these countries will require more infrastructure and devices, which will further increase demand for scarce energy resources and drive emissions even higher if targeted interventions are not implemented. The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizing energy use and emissions, the greenhouse gas protocol corporate standard. Second, the report addresses the policy and regulatory implications inferred from this data and the examination of these issues through several country case studies
    DOI: 10.1596/41238
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    Managing Flood Risks : Leveraging Finance for Business Resilience in Malaysia (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other ESW Reports
    Keywords: Business Environment ; Climate Adaptation ; Environment ; Flood Risks ; Natural Disasters ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Resilience
    Abstract: Building resilience to natural disasters is imperative for sustainable private sector development and growth in Malaysia. Floods have been Malaysia's most frequent natural disaster, accounting for 85 percent of all natural disasters since 2000. This report looks holistically at the challenges of adaptation to climate change for businesses, exploring the complementarity among the public sector, the financial sector, and the private sector efforts in managing flood risks. It does so by using a range of complementary analyses that bring together the private sector perspective drawn from a firm-level survey, the financial sector perspective based on a survey of financial institutions (both banks and insurers and takaful operators), along with macro-modelling estimates of the aggregate impacts of future floods. The report concludes with a roadmap for policy action to strengthen private sector resilience and enhance the management of flood risks for businesses, zooming in on policies for the financial sector
    DOI: 10.1596/41223
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    Tanzania Economic Update, Issue 20 : Overcoming Demographic Challenges while Embracing Opportunities (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Economic Updates and Modeling
    Keywords: Demographics ; Family Planning Research ; Female Education ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; High Fertility Rates ; High Population Growth ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Population Policies ; Women's Agency
    Abstract: Tanzania has managed to sustain its growth momentum despite the intensifying effects of climate change. While Tanzania's economy continues to expand, recent growth has been concentrated in sectors that employ few workers from poor households, limiting its impact on poverty. The Bank of Tanzania (BoT) has implemented an effective monetary policy designed to curb inflation and alleviate mounting short-term demand pressure on foreign exchange. While Tanzania's recovery continues to accelerate, several serious threats cloud its economic outlook. Key risks include the slow or incomplete implementation of structural reforms, the damaging effects of climate change on the agriculture and tourism sectors, and the possibility of a global recession caused by fiscal and monetary policy tightening in advanced economies and major EMDEs. To mitigate these risks, policymakers must accelerate structural reforms as part of a sustained effort to attract greater private investment and spur resilient and inclusive private-sector-led growth. Over the longer term, one of the country's key challenges will be to complete its structural economic transformation, which will require creating a more favorable business climate to support the growth of the industrial and services sectors while boosting agricultural productivity. Another key long-term growth challenge will be achieving more balanced and inclusive growth
    DOI: 10.1596/41195
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    Nepal Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis : Technical Annex (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; CPGA ; Environment ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Preparedness ; Natural Disasters ; Primary Response ; Risk ; Social and Livelihood Support ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Crisis preparedness is cral to preventing shocks from becoming crises. Investments in ex ante preparedness are especially relevant in countries like Nepal that face high levels of exposure and vulnerability to a range of risks. In seeking to identify opportunities to strengthen the Government of Nepal's (GoN's) capacity to prepare for crisis events in an effective and timely manner, this Technical Annex presents findings from the application of the Crisis Preparedness Gap Analysis (CPGA) diagnostic in the country. It provides details on findings and entry points across the five componnts of crisis preparedness. For a summary, please refer to the accompanying CPGA Nepal Briefing Note. Following a brief description of the CPGA methodology, the Technical Annex presents a summary of findings from each CPGA component alongside identification of entry points and opportunities to strengthen crisis preparedness in the country. To provide a holistic assessment of preparedness, the CPGA focuses on five core components of crisis preparedness. These are (i) Legal and Institutional Foundations, (ii) Understanding and Monitoring Risks, (iii) FinancialPreparedness, (iv) Primary Response, and (v) Social and Livelihood Support
    DOI: 10.1596/41192
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    Sierra Leone Human Capital Review : Maximizing Human Potential for Resilience and Inclusive Development (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Demographics ; Early Childhood Development ; Education ; Fetal and Maternal Health ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Gender ; Gender and Poverty ; Government Financing ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital ; Mortality ; Nutrition Services ; Pregnancy ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This Human Capital Review (HCR) report presents an in-depth analysis of human capital indicators throughout a person's lifetime, from in utero to productive aging. By examining the various stages of human capital accumulation, the report aims to provide accurate recommendations for specific groups in Sierra Leone. Thus, the report disaggregates data whenever possible. It relies on an extensive consultative process involving various stakeholders such as Government counterparts, development partners, teachers, adolescent girls, students, private sector representatives, and local representatives. The consultation process followed a Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach, which facilitates the identification and resolution of problems by local leadership. In addition, this report aims to inform the design and implementation of human capital reforms that will respond to specific challenges identified in the report
    DOI: 10.1596/41188
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    Adaptive Social Protection, Human Capital, and Climate Change : Identifying Policy Priorities for Indonesia (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Climate Change ; Human Capital ; Poverty ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Climate change, and its associated impacts, threatens to reverse decades of global progress in improving people's health, human capital accumulation, and poverty reduction. At the same time, individuals and households with more human capital and are better positioned to withstand climate change impacts. Several studies have established a correlation between higher human capital with faster disaster preparedness and recovery. These challenges are particularly pressing for Indonesia, where the poor are disproportionately affected by climate shocks. The disproportionate impact of climate change on poor households, and those vulnerable to poverty, signals the importance of social protection as a critical interlocutor to help address the pressing threat of climate change and climate shocks. This background paper outlines the important relationship between human capital development and climate change adaptation; and the needs and opportunities for improving the adaptiveness of Indonesia's social protection system
    DOI: 10.1596/41180
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    FY 2023 Sao Tome and Principe Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Aid Effectiveness ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Sao Tome and Principe assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Sao Tome and Principe perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Sao Tome and Principe on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Sao Tome and Principe; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Sao Tome and Principe; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Sao Tome and Principe; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Sao Tome and Principe
    DOI: 10.1596/41172
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    FY 2023 Azerbaijan Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Financial Aid ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Azerbaijan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Azerbaijan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Azerbaijan on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Azerbaijan; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Azerbaijan; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Azerbaijan; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Azerbaijan
    DOI: 10.1596/41169
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    FY 2023 Kyrgyz Republic Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in the Kyrgyz Republic assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in the Kyrgyz Republic perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in the Kyrgyz Republic on 1) their views regarding the general environment in the Kyrgyz Republic; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in the Kyrgyz Republic; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in the Kyrgyz Republic; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in the Kyrgyz Republic
    DOI: 10.1596/41153
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    Women, Business and the Law 2024 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (178 pages)
    Series Statement: Women, Business and the Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Domestic Violence ; Empowering Women ; Equal Rights ; Gender Disparities ; Gender Equality ; Gender Inequality ; Women ; Women's Rights
    Abstract: Women, Business and the Law 2024 is the 10th in a series of annual studies measuring the enabling conditions that affect women's economic opportunity in 190 economies. To present a more complete picture of the global environment that enables women's socioeconomic participation, this year Women, Business and the Law introduces two new indicators--Safety and Childcare--and presents findings on the implementation gap between laws (de jure) and how they function in practice (de facto). This study presents three indexes: (1) legal frameworks, (2) supportive frameworks (policies, institutions, services, data, budget, and access to justice), and (3) expert opinions on women's rights in practice in the areas measured. The study's 10 indicators--Safety, Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Childcare, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension--are structured around the different stages of a woman's working life. Findings from this new research can inform policy discussions to ensure women's full and equal participation in the economy. The indicators build evidence of the critical relationship between legal gender equality and women's employment and entrepreneurship. Data in Women, Business and the Law 2024 are current as of October 1, 2023. wbl.worldbank.org
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    Environmental Hazards, Climate, and Health in Cambodia : The Shield of Sanitation (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (46 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aguilar Gomez, Sandra Environmental Hazards, Climate, and Health in Cambodia: The Shield of Sanitation
    Keywords: Disease Control and Prevention ; Environmental Degradation ; Environmental Hazards ; Health and The Environment ; Health Policy and Management ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Hygiene ; Pollution ; Public Health ; Sanitation
    Abstract: Environmental degradation is the largest public health challenge of the century and is likely to be exacerbated by climate change. This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the health implications of environmental hazards in Cambodia, simultaneously addressing extreme temperatures, precipitation patterns, and air pollution. It leverages data from the Demographic and Health Surveys and satellite-derived metrics on temperature, precipitation, and fine particulate matter. The analysis identifies a positive association between temperature and the occurrence of diarrhea and cough among children and a nonlinear relationship between precipitation and these health outcomes. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that pollution significantly impacts cough incidence. To anticipate future trends, climate simulations are employed to forecast the incidence of child diarrhea in Cambodia under different climate and development scenarios. The projections indicate that diarrhea incidence could increase to 19 percent by 2040 without significant adaptation measures that would lessen the adverse impact of weather. For instance, the acceleration in toilet ownership over the last decade reduced diarrhea incidence by at least 1.2 to 1.4 percentage points. Nevertheless, the path ahead requires proactive efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene. The forecasts suggest that, without additional strategies to counter climate change's adverse effects, only universal toilet ownership would contain the climate-driven increase in diarrhea incidence expected by 2040
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10715
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    Digitalization of Government Services for a Better Business Environment in China : A Case Study on the Reform Experience of Zhejiang Province (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Business Environment ; E-Government ; Economic Growth and Planning ; Environment and Natural Resource Management ; Governance ; Innovation and Technology Privacy ; Investment and Investment Climate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development
    Abstract: The Chinese government has a long-standing commitment to business environment and digital government reforms. China's online government-to-business (G2B) services have enhanced public service efficiency, accessibility, and transparency, creating a more favorable business environment. This note features a case study of the all-in-one online government service platform developed in Zhejiang Province, a subnational leader in promoting e-government and business environment reforms. Following general national guidelines, Zhejiang has been a leader in exploring innovations to promote digital government development and business environment reforms. Its reforms both demonstrate the effectiveness of a proactive approach to leveraging digital technologies for administrative efficiency and an improved user experience and highlight the positive impacts on the business environment
    DOI: 10.1596/41326
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    FY 2023 Fiji Country Opinion Survey Report (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Fiji assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Fiji perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Fiji on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Fiji; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Fiji; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Fiji; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Fiji
    DOI: 10.1596/41306
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    The World Bank Group in Papua New Guinea : Country Program Evaluation, Fiscal Years 2008-23 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Independent Evaluations and Annual Reviews
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Law ; Gender Based Violence ; Gender Equality ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nonextractive Sectors ; Resilience
    Abstract: Papua New Guinea has abundant resources in the form of oil and mineral wealth. But a complex set of factors, including systemic gender inequality, underinvestment in non-extractive sectors, and fragility compounded by vulnerability to disasters caused by natural hazards act as barriers to sustainable and inclusive growth of the country. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) report assesses the relevance and effectiveness of World Bank Group support to Papua New Guinea between fiscal year FY08 and FY23. It assesses the Bank Group's development effectiveness in addressing the above three core themes, namely: (i) lack of investment in Papua New Guinea's non-extractive sectors and their poor performance, (ii) the economic exclusion of women and gender-based violence (GBV) issues associated with it, and (iii) unmitigated risks of disaster from natural hazards, and violence, and conflict. The report answers three specific questions. The first explores the extent to which the Bank Group adapted its engagement in line with key constraints, including in relation to development partners, changes in country context, and lessons from experience. The second focuses on the results of Bank Group support and explanatory factors for results under each them, answered by applying a gender lens where relevant. The third question explores the extent to which the Bank Group successfully identified and addressed conflict, violence, and disaster from natural hazards risks. The report offers key lessons to inform the World Bank Group's future engagement with the country: (i) Data gaps need to be addressed to inform sound policy making and effective programming in Papua New Guinea. (ii) Declining governance quality and increasing bilateral aid will require the World Bank to reassess how it supports key policy reforms to achieve development impact, including through using DPOs. (iii) The Bank Group could elevate its impact on gender equality and GBV by shifting from a project-centric approach to a strategic country engagement approach. (iv) The negative effects that compound and interrelated risks pose to achieving development aims need to be addressed more comprehensively
    DOI: 10.1596/41274
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    Crossing the Border: On the Quadruple-Evidence Method (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819977505
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 227 p. 82 illus., 53 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Literature. ; History. ; Anthropology.
    Abstract: The Quadruple-evidence Method in Retrospect -- The Fourth-dimension Evidence: Theoretical Legitimacy -- The Quadruple-evidence Method in Methodology -- The Owl as the Cultural Symbol from the Perspective of Comparative Iconology -- A Study of the Serial Jade Pedants Unearthed from the Dou Family’s Tombs in the West Han Dynasty Based on the Inter-evidentiality -- On the Inter-evidence Again: The Jade ring Unearthed from the Tombs of the HanDynasty in Chaohu city and the Bear Totem of the Chu People -- A Third Exploration on the Evidence Interrelation: On the Myths of Heavenly Bear in the Han Dynasty -- The Chain of Evidence and the Great Tradition: An Interpretation of the Mystery of Er-snake in Classic of Mountains and Seas -- Summary and Prospect -- Reference -- Translator’s Note. .
    Abstract: This book is the first monograph of its kind in the academic world which comprehensively expounds the new methodology of humanities. The quadruple-evidence method is one which integrates quadruple-evidences to open up new horizon for interpretation of ancient culture in the three-dimensional manner. The first layer of evidence refers to documents passed down from the past; the second layer of evidence refers to local written materials; the third layer of evidence includes oral legends of anthropology and folklore and etiquette in the living folk customs; the fourth layer of evidence refers to those ancient objects and images either unearthed in archaeological excavations or handed down from the past. The book consists of theoretical explorations and their applications in individual cases. While the first part studies the academic evolution, theory and methodological value of the quadruple-evidence method, the second part, in using the method in different cases, explores different historical and cultural phenomena in the history of China, attempting to extend the frontier of the origin of civilization from the approach of mythological study.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7750-5
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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    The Reality and Myth of BRI’s Debt Trap : Evidences from Asia and Africa (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819710560
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 229 p. 35 illus., 27 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Indo-Pacific Focus
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: International economic relations. ; Asia ; International relations. ; Asia
    Abstract: Introduction -- Misunderstandings on BRI’s Debt Trap -- India and BRI’s Debt Trap -- Debt Issue/Debt Management and BRI in Myanmar -- Debt Issue/Debt Management and BRI in Cambodia -- Debt Issue/Debt Management and BRI in Laos -- From Aquino to Duterte: Examining the Reality and Myth of the “Debt Trap” in the Philippines.
    Abstract: This edited book aims to present a well-balanced view on the heated debate about BRI’s “debt trap” controversy within the route states by presenting compelling evidence from Asian and African countries. It is contributed by the university scholars, think tank experts, and governmental officials from the concerned parties such as China, USA, South/Southeast Asia, and Africa to discuss this new topic from their perspectives. It not only examines the origins and changes in external debt among the BRI route states before and after the launch of the BRI, but also analyzes the outcomes stemming from BRI projects. The book covers 12 chapters, in which the first chapter briefly introduces the aims and scope of this book. The following 2 chapters look at Chinese and Indian perspectives on the “debt trap”, respectively. The next 9 chapters examine the debt issue and BRI projects in Southeast Asian, South Asian, and African states, which mainly involve Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Nigeria, and give some useful policy suggestions to reduce the debt burden and promote the socioeconomic development in these countries.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1056-0
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    National Power and International Geostructure (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819711802
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 300 p. 72 illus., 60 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Contributions to International Relations
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science. ; International relations.
    Abstract: 1. National-international power of the states -- 2. World power index -- 3. The international geoestructure of power -- 4. National power of the core states -- 5. The core states in the international geostructure -- 6. National power of the semiperipheral states -- 7. The semiperipheral states in the international geostructure -- 8. National power of the peripheral states -- 9. The peripheral states in the international geostructure.
    Abstract: This book addresses three innovative aspects for the study of International Relations: first, proposes a novel theoretical-methodological framework for the study of national power, and based on this, a quantitative analysis technique is formulated that allows us to study the evolution of state power over almost five decades. Second, states play a fundamental role in the international system, which is why the study of their roles in the world cannot be limited to old, insufficient, and contradictory categorizations. Having new categories of states becomes an even more urgent task in the rapidly changing international order than it is today. This book proposes nine categories of powers and states that cover all the countries that currently exist. Third, the international geostructure of world power is proposed, which represents a new theoretical notion that helps to explain how the international insertion of states and their possibilities of action are conditioned by the unequal distribution of national power and by their structural positioning in the international system. This book is for all students of International Relations, academics, and people who want to understand national power as a fundamental factor in relations between countries.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1180-2
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  • 49
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    Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 : Explorations in the Transition from a Techno-economic to a Socio-technical Future (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819997305
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 184 p. 20 illus., 16 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Translational Systems Sciences 41
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
    Keywords: Evolutionary economics. ; Institutional economics. ; International economic relations. ; Economics. ; Culture. ; Business ethics. ; Industry 5.0 ; Industry 4.0 ; Digital industrial transformation ; Sustainable technology governance ; Ecosystems ; Circular economy ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Chapter1. An Introduction to Industry 5.0: History, Foundations, and Futures -- Chapter 2. The Complexity of Sustainable Innovation, Transitional Impacts of Industry 4.0 to 5.0 for our Societies: Circular society exploring the systemic nexus of socioeconomic transitions -- Chapter 3. Coping with Industry 5.0: An assessment of evolving soft skills for the workplace -- Chapter 4. AI Upskilling and Digital Twins: A Service Science Perspective on the Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 Shift -- Chapter 5. . Industry 5.0 and Artificial Semi-General Intelligence. Exploring future challenges and opportunities within industries and societies -- Chapter 6. Artificial and hyperselfish intelligence capabilities, the possible impacts, and why humans need Industry 5.0 -- Chapter 7. Incremental Adaptation or Generational Shift?
    Abstract: This is an Open Access book. In 2015, Industry 4.0 was announced with the rise of industrialization by the European Parliament, supporting policy, research, and infrastructure funding. In 2020, Industry 5.0 was launched as an evolution of Industry 4.0, towards societal and ecological values in a sustainable, human-centric, and resilient transition. In 2023, the IN4ACT research project team completed 4 years of research on the impact on these initiatives. Presentations reviewing the progress of management practices and economics led to conversations about what’s next. The unanticipated rise in late 2022 of Generative AI technologies (e.g. ChatGPT, DALL-E) sparked dialogues with an extended circle of researchers on impacts not considered in 2015 or in 2020. This collection of chapters reflects multiple perspectives on research findings to 2023, prospects for 2024, and considerations on ways the techno-economic industrial revolutions may be reshaped into desirable futures respecting social and ecological concerns.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9730-5
    URL: kostenfrei
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  • 50
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    Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819993031
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 454 p. 22 illus., 20 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Asia in Transition 22
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Asia ; Commercial law. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law). ; Economics. ; Finance. ; International law. ; Trade regulation.
    Abstract: Introduction -- 1. Bribery and Other Serious Investor Misconduct in Asian International Arbitration -- Part 1: The Economic Context of Corruption and Investment -- 2.Does Corruption Hinder FDI and Growth in Asia and Beyond? The Grabbing Versus Helping Hand Revisited -- 3. The Effect of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment at the Regional Level: Positive or Negative Relationship? -- Part 2: General Legal Issues from the Interface of Corruption, Illegality and Investment Arbitration -- 4. Anti-Corruption Laws and Investment Treaty Arbitration: An Asian Perspective -- 5. Multi-Tiered International Anti-Corruption Cooperation in Asia: Treaties Review and Prospects.
    Abstract: This open access book explores Asian approaches towards investment arbitration—a transnational procedure to resolve disputes between a foreign investor and a host state—setting it in the wider political economy and within domestic law contexts. It considers the extent to which significant states in Asia are, or could become, “rule makers” rather than “rule takers” regarding corruption and serious illegality in investor-state arbitration. Corruption and illegality in international investment are widely condemned in any society, but there remains a lack of consensus on the consequences, especially in investment arbitration. A core issue addressed is whether a foreign investor violating a host state’s law should be awarded protection of its investment, as per its contract with the host state and/or the applicable investment or trade agreement between the home state and the host state. Some suggest such protection would be unnecessary as the investor committed a crime in the host state, while others attempt to establish an equilibrium between the investor and the host state. Others claim to protect investment, invoking the sanctity of promises made. The book starts with a deep dive into economic and legal issues in corruption and investment arbitration and then explores the situation and issues in major countries in the region in detail. It is a useful reference point for lawyers, economists, investors, and government officials who are seeking comprehensive and up-to-date information on anti-bribery rules in Asian investment treaties. It is of particular interest to students and researchers in economics, finance, and law, who are undertaking new research relating to the multifaceted impacts of corruption.
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9303-1
    URL: kostenfrei
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    International Investment Law at the Juncture : An Asian Perspective (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819721832
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VIII, 249 p. 6 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: International Law in Asia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: International law. ; Commercial law. ; Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; Comparative law. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law).
    Abstract: Can China’s Belt and Road Initiative be Reconciled with the EU’s Multilateral Approaches to International Law?-Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann & Giuseppe Martinico -- Pluralism or Cosmopolitanism? Reflections on Petersmann’s International Economic Law Constitutionalism in the Context of China-Tao Li & Zuoli Jiang -- Is Calvo Dead? Wenhua Shan.-Calvo Is Back! Changing Sovereignty and Evolutionary Investment Law in a Leaving and Return of the State Paradigm-Shuo Feng & Wei Shen -- Outward FDI: Determinants and Flows in Emerging Economies: Evidence from China-Mohamad Zreik & Badar Alam Iqbal & Mohd Nayyer Rahman -- BIT by BIT: The Growth of Bilateral Investment Treaties and Their Impact on Foreign Investment in Developing Countries-Jeswald W. Salacuse -- Diversity in the Formulation of Fair and Equitable Treatment in International Investment Agreements-Mujeeb Emami & Rehna Gul -- The 2016 Model Indian Bilateral Investment Treaty: A Critical Deconstruction-Prabhash Ranjan and Pushkar Anand -- The Final 2015 Indian Model BIT: Is This the Change the World Wishes to See?-Grant Hanessian and Kabir Duggal -- Legalizing the ASEAN Way: Adapting and Reimagining the ASEAN Investment Regime-Sungjoon Cho & Jurgen Kurtz -- Comprehensive or BIT or BIT: the ACIA and Indonesia’s BITs-Junianto James Losari -- International Cooperation and Organizational Identities: The Evolution of the ASEAN Investment Regime-Sungjoon Cho & Jurgen Kurtz -- ASEAN Investment Treaties, RCEP, And CPTPP: Regional Strategies, Norms, Institutions, and Politics-Diane A. Desierto -- Addressing the Global Backlash Against Investment Arbitration? A Multilateral Investment Agreement and China-Junqing Chao -- A Multilateral Approach to Investor-State Dispute Settlement Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region-John Riley -- The Elephant In a Dark Room? Russia and the ISDS Reform-Dmitry K. Labin & Alena V. Soloveva -- Two Bites at the Same Apple? ‘Derivative’ ISDS Proceedings in the Revised Korea-US FTA-Jaemin Lee -- China and Investment Treaty Regime: Rule Taker or Rule Maker?-Sheng Zhang -- Investor-State Mediation in a China-EU Bilateral Investment Treaty: Talking About Being in the Right Place at the Right Time-Chunlei Zhao -- Legitimacy Crisis and the ISDS Reform in a Political Economy Context-Shuping Li and Wei Shen.
    Abstract: The book focuses on some of the most pressing issues in international investment law in Asia, such as the role of developing countries, the rebalancing between the investors’ rights protection and the host states’ right to regulate, the ISDS reform, among others. The book investigates these issues by looking into the bilateral investment treaties and investment arbitration cases in the region. The readers will benefit from this book’s rich content and wide coverage. For instance, the readers would learn more about Asian states’ Bilateral Investment Treaty law and practice and their standing on international investment law. The book provides a fresh angle to most readers who may be more exposed to the Western perspective on the topic, providing a more complete picture to add to the readers’ understanding of international investment law and in particular its evolution and future possibilities. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-2183-2
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    Sentiment Analysis and its Application in Educational Data Mining (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819724741
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 97 p. 8 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: SpringerBriefs in Computational Intelligence
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Data mining. ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; Machine learning.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Sentiment Analysis in Natural Language Processing -- Chapter 2: An Overview of Educational Data Mining -- Chapter 3: Impact of Sentiment Analysis in Education Sector -- Chapter 4: Techniques and Approaches in Sentiment Analysis -- Chapter 5: Machine Learning with Sentiment Analysis -- Chapter 6: Incorporation of Sentiment Analysis with Educational Data Mining -- Chapter 7: Preformation Evaluation using Sentiment Analysis.
    Abstract: The book delves into the fundamental concepts of sentiment analysis, its techniques, and its practical applications in the context of educational data. The book begins by introducing the concept of sentiment analysis and its relevance in educational settings. It provides a thorough overview of the various techniques used for sentiment analysis, including natural language processing, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms. The subsequent chapters explore applications of sentiment analysis in educational data mining across multiple domains. The book illustrates how sentiment analysis can be employed to analyze student feedback and sentiment patterns, enabling educators to gain valuable insights into student engagement, motivation, and satisfaction. It also examines how sentiment analysis can be used to identify and address students' emotional states, such as stress, boredom, or confusion, leading to more personalized and effective interventions. Furthermore, the book explores the integration of sentiment analysis with other educational data mining techniques, such as clustering, classification, and predictive modeling. It showcases real-world case studies and examples that demonstrate how sentiment analysis can be combined with these approaches to improve educational decision-making, curriculum design, and adaptive learning systems.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-2474-1
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    Selected Chinese Cases on the UN Sales Convention (CISG) Vol. 3 (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819968510
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 357 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Selected Chinese Cases on the CISG
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law). ; Trade regulation.
    Abstract: 1. Xiaojun Chen -- 2. Xiaojun Chen -- 3. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 4. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 5. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 6.Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 7.Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 8. Wenjing An -- 9. Wenjing An -- 10. Wenjing An -- 11. Wenjing An -- 12. Luo Jie -- 13. Luo Jie -- 14.Luo Jie -- 15. Haicong Zuo -- 16. Haicong Zuo -- 17. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 18. Peng Guo Shu Zhang Chaolin Zhang -- 19. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang -- 20. Shu Zhang, Geng Wang -- 21. Shao Long -- 22. Shao Long -- 23. Shao Long -- 24. Siying Wu Dentons -- 25. Siying Wu Dentons -- 26. Shao Long -- 27. Shao Long -- 28. Shao Long -- 29 -- Shao Long -- 30. Junmin Zhang -- 31. Junmin Zhang -- 32. Junmin Zhang -- 33. Shaotang Wang -- 34. Bruno Zeller -- 35. Bruno Zeller -- 36. Caishun Guo -- 37. Caishun Guo -- 38. Caishun Guo -- 39. Caishun Guo -- 40. Xiaojun Chen -- 41. Xiaojun Chen -- 42. Xiaojun Chen -- 43. Xiaojun Chen -- 44. Yueshan Liu -- 45. Yueshan Liu -- 46. Yueshan Liu -- 47. Kaiwei Cui -- 48. Kaiwei Cui -- 49. Jia Li -- 50. Jia Li -- 51. Yueyi Yang -- 52. Yueyi Yang -- 53. Hongzhi Hu -- 54. Hongzhi Hu.
    Abstract: This book focuses on Chinese cases on the CISG decided by Chinese courts of all levels, focusing on 2011 to 2012. During this period, the number of cases grew fast compared to 2006 to 2010. The total number of cases remained relatively low, the reasons of which might be the following: parties were not familiar with the CISG and therefore decided to opt out of it; in addition, the case collection and report systems in China at that time were not as developed as now, rendering many cases inaccessible. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of selected cases. The analysis of those cases is on a case-by-case basis. For each case, an English summary of the judgment is provided. In the comment, the People’s Courts’ approach to the interpretation and application of the CISG is emphasized. Comments of the individual case are written either by scholars or judges or lawyers from international and comparative perspective to discuss the successes and pitfalls of the interpretation and application of the CISG.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6851-0
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    Recent Advancements in Artificial Intelligence : Proceedings of ICRAAI 2023 (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819711116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XX, 406 p. 178 illus., 150 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Innovations in Sustainable Technologies and Computing
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational intelligence. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Cloud Computing. ; Internet of things. ; Computer networks
    Abstract: This book features research papers presented at the Second International Conference on Recent Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (ICRAAI 2023), held at Poornima University, Jaipur, India during 15 – 16 December 2023. The book presents original research work in the areas of computational intelligence, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data science and data analytics, cloud computing, and internet of things. The book is beneficial for readers from both academia and industry.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-1111-6
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    The Uniform Interpretation of the UN Sales Convention (CISG) (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819978441
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XI, 141 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Trade regulation. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law).
    Abstract: 1. Introducation -- 2. Cisg and unification of international sales law -- 3.Legal interpretation and uniform interpretation of cisg -- 4.Gap-filling and the uniform interpretation of cisg -- 5. supplemental materials and the uniform interpretation of cisg -- 6.Conclusion.
    Abstract: The unification of international commercial law has been a common course for every country of the world. The U.N. Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) is a milestone in creating a uniform law in the field of the international sale of goods. The CISG coordinated divergent political, economic, and legal systems combined different contract laws and set up a comprehensive and independent legal framework for the international sale of goods. This book examines the basic requirements and criteria of the CISG’s interpretation and investigates how to achieve the uniform interpretation of the CISG based on interpretation rules in the CISG and through appropriate legal interpretation approaches. As a comprehensive and uniform legal framework for the international sale of goods, the CISG still has gaps to fill. Therefore, a uniform interpretation in gap-filling is equally important for the CISG. This book discusses gap-filling in the CISG, explains why and how to fill its gaps, clarifies gap-filling approaches, their order of application, and eventually concentrates on general principles and the uniform interpretation of the CISG. Another feature of the book is to discuss the supplementary materials that could be used to assist in the uniform interpretation of the CISG. PICC, foreign cases, UNCITRAL Digest, and the CISG Advisory Council opinions will be examined in detail to see whether and how they can fill the gaps in the CISG and promote its uniform interpretation. Only by clarifying the basic requirements and principles relating to the CISG’s uniform interpretation, can courts and arbitral tribunals correct their attitude toward and practices in the interpretation of the CISG. Only by following the autonomous interpretation approach, can the CISG achieve its goal to unify the sale of goods laws and promote the development of international commerce.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7844-1
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  • 56
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    Indigenous Peoples and Constitutional Reform in Australia : Beyond Mere Recognition (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819971213
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIII, 298 p. 1 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Constitutional law. ; Public law . ; Human rights. ; Political science. ; Australasia. ; History. ; Race.
    Abstract: 1. Terminology, values and identity -- 2. How we got here – the reform debate from 2010-2015 -- 3. Sovereignty and the impact of colonisation -- 4. Treaty-making and its limitations -- 5. Self-determination and an Indigenous state -- 6. Legal pluralism -- 7. Rights, race and culture -- 8. The Voice to Parliament -- 9. Indigenous parliamentary representation -- 10.Summary of reforms and the way forward.
    Abstract: This book examines whether Australia’s constitution should be reformed so as to enable the country to fulfil its obligations under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which it ratified in 2009. The book surveys the history of the constitutional status of Australia’s Indigenous peoples from the time of colonisation through to the current debate on ‘Indigenous constitutional recognition’. However, it argues that the term ‘Indigenous constitutional recognition', implying that mere acknowledgement of the existence of Indigenous peoples is sufficient to meet their legitimate expectations, misrepresents the nature of the project the country needs to engage in. The book argues that Australia should instead embark upon a reform programme directed towards substantive, and not merely symbolic, constitutional change. It argues that only by the inclusion in the constitution of enforceable constitutional rights can the power imbalance between Indigenous Australians and the rest of society be addressed. Taking a comparative approach and drawing upon the experience of other jurisdictions, the book proposes a comprehensive constitutional reform programme, and includes the text of constitutional amendments designed to achieve the realisation of the rights of Australia’s Indigenous peoples. It ends with a call to improve the standard of civics education so as to overcome voter apprehension towards constitutional change. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7121-3
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    URL: Cover
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    Rationality and Legality of Non-market Economy Treatment in Antidumping Law : Novel Perspectives on the Changed Legal Environment (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819982929
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 235 p. 3 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Modern China and International Economic Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Trade regulation. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law).
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Economic Justifications for Antidumping -- Chapter 3. Historical Development of AD Law based on Protectionist Intent -- Chapter 4. Pre-WTO Era Evolution of Non-market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices -- Chapter 5. WTO Era Non-market Economy Treatment Rules and Practices -- Chapter 6. The Changing International Legal Environment Regarding Non-market Economy Treatment -- Chapter 7. Prospects of Non-market Economy Treatment.
    Abstract: This book serves as a comprehensive study of and provides rich insight into non-market economy treatment, including its past, present, and estimated future practices and implications. It explores the introduction of the market and non-market economy dichotomy into international trade law. It traces the origin and development of non-market economy treatment against changing international economic and political background. The book examines this treatment in light of the rationale underlying anti-dumping, reflecting its alleged significance of ensuring fair trade. It in particular investigates the varied non-market economy treatment practices responding concerns of China’s rising as a large state-led economy, analyzing the deviation of NME treatment into an all-in trade tool. The book argues against preconceived bias and unilateral protectionism. It highlights the universal existence of government involvement in the market and proposes objective assessment of its impact on fair trade. Final proposition of the book is depoliticizing trade, reforming comprehensively international trade rules to carefully calibrate different values, including promoting fairness and enhancing global social welfare. It envisages a multi-dimension overhaul of international trade rules to rebalance trade interests, rather than roughly labeling an economy to confer different treatment, the practices of which lead to separation and chaos. The book is of particular relevance and interest to economies-in-transition, and among policy makers, academicians and legal practitioners engaged in trade remedies and trade rules reconstruction.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8292-9
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    The Law and Ethics of Data Sharing in Health Sciences (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819965403
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 200 p. 20 illus., 12 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Perspectives in Law, Business and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Medical laws and legislation. ; Bioethics. ; Information technology ; Mass media ; Civil rights. ; European communities.
    Abstract: Introduction: The Dynamic Context & Multiple Challenges of Data Sharing Today -- The GA4GH Regulatory and Ethics Work Stream (REWS) at 10: An Interdisciplinary, Participative Approach to International Policy Development in Genomics -- Assessing Public and Private Rights of Action to Police Health Data Sharing -- Patient Perspectives on Data Sharing.
    Abstract: Data sharing – broadly defined as the exchange of health-related data among multiple controllers and processors – has gained increased relevance in the health sciences over recent years as the need and demand for collaboration has increased. This includes data obtained through healthcare provisions, clinical trials, observational studies, public health surveillance programs, and other data collection methods. The practice of data sharing presents several notable challenges, however. Compliance with a complex and dynamic regulatory framework is essential, with the General Data Protection Regulation being a prominent example in a European context. Recent regulatory developments related to clinical trial transparency, trade secrecy, data access, AI training data, and health data spaces further contribute to the difficulties. Simultaneously, government initiatives often encourage scientists to embrace principles of “open data” and “open innovation.” The variety of regulations in this domain has the potential to impede widespread data sharing and hinder innovation. This edited volume, therefore, compiles comparative case studies authored by leading scholars from diverse disciplines and jurisdictions. The book aims to outline the legal complexities of data sharing. By examining real-world scenarios from diverse disciplines and a global perspective, it explores the normative, policy, and ethical dilemmas that surround data sharing in the health sciences today. Chapter Patient Perspectives on Data Sharing is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. Chapter Supplementary Measures and Appropriate Safeguards for International Transfers of Health Data after Schrems II is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6540-3
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    China Arbitration Yearbook (2022) (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819971657
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIX, 341 p. 2 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: China Arbitration Yearbook
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Mediation. ; Dispute resolution (Law). ; Arbitration (Administrative law). ; Trade regulation.
    Abstract: Chapter 1 . Arbitration Agreement -- Chapter 2. Parties and Participants -- Chapter 3. Evidence and Substantive Matters. Chapter 4. Public Policy -- Chapter 5. Arbitration and Criminal Proceedings -- Chapter 6. International and Interregional Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in China -- Appendix. 1. Main Official Replies by the Supreme People’s Court Concerning Arbitration in China.
    Abstract: This book presents a selection of the latest arbitration cases, materials, and commentaries from China. It aims to provide information on the theory and practice of arbitration combined. It is intended to provide readers with a useful resource to guide them when they encounter actual China-related arbitration cases. This book is a valuable resource for all practitioners concerned with international and foreign-related arbitration matters in China, global law firms, companies engaged in multinational business, jurists, and academics.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7165-7
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    The Poetics of Grief and Melancholy in East-West Conflicts and Reconciliations (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819998210
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVIII, 234 p. 13 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Poetry. ; Comparative literature. ; Psycholinguistics. ; Classical literature. ; Literature, Ancient. ; Pragmatics.
    Abstract: Part I Grief and Melancholy in the Chinese Literary Contexts -- Chapter 1 Epitomizing the Poignancy in Poetry and Cantonese Opera: “The Heartbroken Poetry” -- Chapter 2 Representing Melancholy Love: “Aiqing xiaoshuo” in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Media Culture -- Chapter 3 Mourning does not Become Beiju: Forging a Tragic Spirit of Grief and Heroic Resistance in Some 1920 Chinese (she-)tragedies -- Chapter 4 -- Translating China for the Gazing eyes – A Case Study of The Battle of Chosin -- Part II: The Triggering of Melancholic Loss from the Cross-cultural Perspective -- Chapter 5 Melancholy across the Multiverse: The Everything Bagel and the Loss of Self in Everything Everywhere All At Once (2022) -- Chapter 6 The Grief of Losing and the Melancholy of Being: A Journey of Dream and Awakening in Lao She’s Mr Ma and Son -- Chapter 7 Poetics of Loss in Esperanto: Mao Zifu Writes on his Wheelchair -- Chapter 8 Mourning the Lost Self in Mei Ng’s Eating Chinese Food Naked and LuLu Wang’s The Farewell -- Part III The Various Forms of Grief and Melancholy in Contemporary Hong Kong Discourses -- Chapter 9 Words on Display: Chinese Funeral banners and Wreath Messages through a Geosemiotic Lens -- Chapter 10 Covering the Grief of Leaving: A Study of News discourse on Hong Kong Emigration Wave -- Chapter 11 Melancholy in Narratives of Early Career English Teachers in Hong Kong.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of academic essays that examines the representation, esthetics and dichotomy of the notions of grief and melancholy in East–West exchanges and cultural dialogues. It explores the topic in the dimensions of individual behaviors under specific social norms and cultural products such as literature, film and any other forms of arts/genres, etc. In his 1917 work Mourning and Melancholia (Trauer und Melancholie), Sigmund Freud connected the grief of loss with melancholic emotions which may give rise to acts of mourning. He suggested that “[i]n mourning it is the world which has become poor and empty; in melancholia it is the ego itself” (Freud, 1917: 246). Inspired by Freud’s stance and with the goal of providing up-to-date intellectual resources for academics, researchers and students with ardent interests in the varying exemplifications of grief and melancholy in Sino-Western contexts, the book serves more than a discussion over the pragmatic and ritualistic connections of grief and melancholy in relation to the inner self and the external world. It aims at the pursuit of a contemporary theorization of grief and melancholy beyond its modern limits.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9821-0
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    Mapping Critical Dance Studies in India (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819973590
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXV, 285 p. 37 illus., 5 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Performance Studies & Cultural Discourse in South Asia 2
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Dance. ; Performing arts. ; Theater. ; Sex.
    Abstract: Introduction: All that is Dance -- Bodies that Dance: Critical Frames of Reference -- Understanding Categorisation: The ‘Tribal’ ‘Folk’, and the ‘Classical’ Dance Forms -- Patriarchy and the [In]Visible Line of Control: Power Structures and Space Making -- The Modern and the Contemporary in the Context of Dance in India -- To be continued: Thoughts on Dance as Response, Responsibility and Resistance -- Thoughts on Purpose and Criticality.
    Abstract: This book provides a critical understanding of dance studies in India, bringing together various embodied practices identified loosely as dance. It suggests an alternative reading of the history of patronage, policies, and institutionalized understanding of categories such as classical, folk, modern, popular, and Bollywood that hierarchizes some dances as 'more' dance than others. It is of great interest to scholars looking at performing arts such as dance as a tool for identity assertions. It offers diverse possibilities of understanding dance through its inherent sociopolitical possibilities as a participatory or presentational tool for communication. The multidisciplinary approach brings together perspectives from critical dance studies, anthropology, history, and gender studies to connect embodied archives of different communities to create an intersectional methodology of studying dance in India as a powerful but marginal expressive art practice. Accessible at multiple levels, the content is relevant for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers across dance, dance education, theatre, and performance studies.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7359-0
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    Inclusive Design and Accessibility Paradigms in Lebanon : University Built Environments Case Studies (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819999798
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIII, 251 p. 91 illus., 83 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Architecture. ; Engineering design. ; Sociology. ; People with disabilities ; Law. ; Education and state.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Lebanese disability right movement, law 220/2000, and its impact on the educational sector -- Chapter 3. Inclusive design verses accessibility paradigm -- Chapter 4. A review of a Lebanese accessibility guideline -- Chapter 5. Inclusive design at universities: the American university of Beirut case study -- Chapter 6. American university of Beirut findings -- Chapter 7. Proposals for inclusive university buildings -- Chapter 8. Can accessibility guidelines lead to an inclusive built environment? discussion of findings -- Chapter 9. Inclusive design teaching Pedagogy: Reflections on teaching inclusive design.
    Abstract: This book describes the disability rights movement that started in the USA and its influence on the disability rights movement in Lebanon, which has led to the endorsement of the Lebanese Disability Act 220/2000. The book introduces the reader to the Lebanese Disability Act 220/ 2000, its definition of disability, and its relation to the medical and social models of disabilities and then articulate the Act articles. Then, it defines the inclusive design paradigm that acknowledges the needs of all people at each stage of their life cycle and presents the difference between inclusive design and accessibility and disability notions. Moreover, the book reviews the different international accessible design standards (American and French) that are adopted in Lebanon with the absence of a nationalized Lebanese design standard and its effect on eliminating barriers and enhancing accessibility at university buildings. Besides, the book presents students' experiences and their satisfaction with the university built environments. 6 university buildings case studies at the American University of Beirut are assessed and analysed to check whether they adopt the inclusive design approach and then propose inclusive design solutions for both heritage and modern university buildings. What makes the book unique is its combination of empirical and theoretical application of inclusive design. The last section, reflects the author’s inclusive design teaching pedagogy. In this section, the author shares samples of students’ class design project and provides recommendations and guidelines for teaching inclusive design so it becomes mainstream.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9979-8
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    Innovative Public Participation Practices for Sustainable Urban Regeneration (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819995950
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 155 p. 39 illus., 33 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Urban Sustainability
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban policy. ; Sustainability. ; Sustainable architecture.
    Abstract: Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Regeneration Practices: Addressing Contemporary Urban Challenges through the lens of Public Participation -- Participation in Public Space Regeneration -- A Model of Innovative Participation in Urban Regeneration Processes of Venues Born from a Collective Vocation: Parma Città D’oro Experience -- Implementing a Participatory Design Approach to Create a Sensory-Friendly Public Space for Children with Special Needs -- Participation in Built Heritage Regeneration -- The Regeneration of the Urban Commons: An Opportunity for Circular Cities -- Community Participation of China’s Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of Sanxue Historical District in Xi’an -- Participation in Informal Settlements Regeneration -- Improving Liveability through Regenerating Informal Neighbourhoods: A Case of Old Dhaka, Bangladesh -- The New Strategy of Urban Village Regeneration: the comprehensive improvement project in Jingle Village, Shenzhen, China -- Participation in Ecological Regeneration -- An Ecology Model for Participatory Strategies: Community-led Green Networks and its Social and Spatial Agents -- Cultural and Natural Heritage, Synergy in Regeneration of Tropical Cities. Laguna Del Carpintero Wetland and its Surroundings, Gulf of Mexico.
    Abstract: This book analyzes the adoption of stakeholders’ engagement in various fields and scales while providing the readers with an international outlook of the topic. In the contemporary processes of urban development, regeneration is becoming a relevant way to limit the occupation of new land and to enhance the existing spatial, social, and ecological dimensions of specific parts of the city. It generally entails the engagement of different groups of stakeholders and users at various levels—e.g., institutional and private—who carry on their own agendas while conveying a wide range of interests and values to safeguard. At the same time, despite indications of a significant increase in its implementation under various forms and in multiple contexts in the last twenty years, participatory mechanisms have not been without challenges and barriers due to several factors, including facilitators’ poor negotiation and communication practices, and consequently misinterpretation of the values at stake made by the parties involved, or obstructionism and gridlocks carried on by the different stakeholders. The narrative of the collection is structured in four sections The contributions elaborate on innovative participatory patterns, how they are/might be entangled with the different stages of regeneration projects, in what measure they have contributed to the United Nations sustainability goals, and the potential matters emerging during the negotiation phases. In detail, the four sections are: 1. Public space regeneration 2. Ecological regeneration 3. Built heritage regeneration 4. Informal settlements regeneration. Finally, this book is a significant asset to urban policy makers, planners, practitioners, and researchers in the architecture and urban studies domain who aim at deepening public participation practices knowledge by comparing different experiences.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9595-0
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    Sustaining Administrative Reform in China Through Path Dependence and Creation : The Case of Shunde (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819997145
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXI, 177 p. 9 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: State Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Political science. ; Political planning. ; Public administration.
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2.Overview of the administrative reform in China -- 3. Kick off: Government restructuring in 2009 -- 4. The second phase: Administrative licensing reform, 2010-2011 -- 5. Deepening of the administrative licensing reform: since 2012 -- 6 . The latest reforms in China：continued without substantial breakthrough -- 7. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book looks into the processes sustaining the administrative reform in Chinese local government and the roles of different actors during different phases by tracing a vivid administrative reform process in Shunde district, Guangdong province between 2009 and 2014. In 2008, Chinese central government initiated a new round of large-scale, top-to-bottom administrative reform—“mega-ministry” administrative reform—to address the long-lasting administrative problems. Against this background, the reforms in Shunde government (county level) operated well and sustained for several years, which was enlarged to the administrative licensing field and hence influenced China’s reforms in the following 10 years. Shunde case could allow us a better peep at the factors that contribute to the sustenance of reform. The analyses in this book find that sustenance of reform reflects, ironically, the logics of both path dependence and path creation. The past reform trajectories have created a favorable background for further reform to evolve, and a receptive ground in which exogenous forces interacted with the local reform-minded actors to create the new reform innovations. The combination of path dependence and path creation kept local reform afloat.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9714-5
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    Development and Validation of a Computerized Adaptive EFL Test (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819999873
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 162 p. 17 illus., 3 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Applied linguistics. ; Language and languages ; Educational tests and measurements.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Item response theory -- Chapter 3. Validation frameworks and methods -- Chapter 4. Components of computerized adaptive language testing -- Chapter 5. Design of computerized adaptive language tests -- Chapter 6. Validation of computerized adaptive language tests -- Chapter 7. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The book reports on the development and validation of a computerized adaptive EFL test, which is used as an exit requirement for non-English-major undergraduates at a major Chinese university. Unlike the tests reported in previous research on computerized adaptive language test (CALT), which were mostly designed to assess vocabulary, grammar and reading, this test consists of listening and reading components using both dichotomously-scored stand-alone items and polytomously-scored testlet-based items. The book is an essential and stimulating read for researchers and graduate students in the testing domain, particularly for those who are interested in CALT, item response theory (IRT), and quantitative research methods in general. It also constitutes a solid reference resource for L2 teachers and test developers. One of the distinctive features of the book is its operationalization of assessment use argument (AUA) in the investigation of the construct validity of the CALT. Another strength of this book is that it provides insight into the specific procedures that are followed in the development of CALTs and addresses a few key issues, such as local item dependence and DIF detection that were ignored in previous CALT development research.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9987-3
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    Introducing Foreign Models for Development : Japanese Experience and Cooperation in the Age of New Technology (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819942381
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVI, 338 Seiten) , 28 Illustrationen, 21 Illustrationen in Farbe
    Series Statement: Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Introducing Foreign Models for Development
    Keywords: Development economics. ; Economic development. ; Globalization. ; Japan ; Translative adaptation ; Local learning ; Industrialization ; Industrial policy ; Industrial catch-up ; Kaizen ; Technology transfer ; Development cooperation ; Developing countries ; latecomer economies ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Part I. Translative Adaptation in the Industrialization Process -- 1. Introducing Foreign Models for Development: A Perspective from Translative Adaptation -- 2. Industrial Policies for Learning, Innovation, and Transformation: Insights from Japan and Selected Countries -- Part II. Case Studies from Japan, Asia, Latin America, and Africa -- 3. Japan’s State Learning in the Meiji Period from the Vision Perspective -- 4. National Movements for Quality and Productivity Improvement with Local Adaptation: The Experience of Japan and Singapore -- 5. Bilateral Policy Dialogue: Japanese Cooperation for Enhancing Industrial Policy Capacity -- 6. Industry Engagement in TVET and the Japanese Cooperation in Vietnam: The Case of Hanoi University of Industry -- 7. Promoting Kaizen in Africa: 10-Years of Experience of Japanese Cooperation in Tunisia and Ethiopia -- 8. Thailand’s Experience of Learning Industrial Technologies and Monodzukuri Education with Localization -- Part III. Translative Adaptation in a Changing World -- 9. Kaizen and Non-cognitive Skills Development in Africa in the Age of Digitalization -- 10. New Industrial Landscape: Implications for Industrial Policy and Japanese Industrial Development Cooperation. .
    Abstract: This open access book studies how foreign models of economic development can be effectively learned by and applied to today’s latecomer countries. Policy capacity and societal learning are increasingly stressed as pre-conditions for successful catch-up. However, how such learning should be initiated by individual societies with different features needs to be explained. The book answers this pragmatic question from the perspective of Japan’s past experience and its extensive development cooperation in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the late nineteenth century, Japan has developed a unique philosophy and method for adopting advanced technologies and systems from the West; the same philosophy and method govern its current cooperation with the developing world. The key concepts are local learning and translative adaptation. Local learning says that development requires the learner to adopt a proactive mindset and the goal of graduating from receiving aid. Meanwhile, translative adaptation requires foreign models be modified to fit local realities given the different structures of the home and foreign society. The development process must be wholly owned by the domestic society in rejection of copy-and-paste acceptance. These ideas not only informed Japan but are key to successful development for all. The book also asks how this learning method should—or should not—be revised in the age of SDGs and digitalization. Following the overview section that lays out the general principles, the book offers many real cases from Japan and other countries. The concrete actions outlined in these cases, with close attention to individual growth “ingredients” as opposed to general theories, are crucial to successful policy making. The book contains materials that are highly useful for national leaders and practitioners within developing countries as well as students of development studies. .
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4238-1
    URL: kostenfrei
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Individual Resilience to Urban Flooding and the Implications for Urban Management (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819705467
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 191 p. 34 illus., 25 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Well-being. ; Environmental management. ; Urban policy.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Conceptual background: resilience and urban -- Empirical background: the causes, threats of, and responses to urban flooding in China and the world -- Research methodology -- Individual resilience to urban flooding of Gongming -- Factors influencing individual resilience to urban flooding: people-disaster-place-society -- Nurturing individual resilience through urban management -- Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book argues that the substantial life and property loss caused by urban flooding might not be a pure result of a vulnerable physical environment-social factors, especially the individual attributes and capacities, could have pivotal roles to play in the resilience discourse as well. In light of this, this research investigates the relationship between individual resilience to urban flooding and urban management, endeavoring to identify place-responsive measures for building resilience for residents vulnerable to urban flooding.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0546-7
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0546-7
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    URL: Ausführliche Beschreibung
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    China's Economic System Reform (1978-2018) (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819992676
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 147 p. 2 illus.)
    Series Statement: Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China's Development Path
    Uniform Title: 中国经济体制改革
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Asia ; Development economics. ; Historical analyze of market economy ; Reconstructing the economic system in China ; Stage development in economic reform ; Macro-economy managerial system ; Socialistic market economy
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Reform Objectives -- Chapter 2. Initial Stage of Marketization Reform: 1979-1984 -- Chapter 3. Full Speed Ahead: 1985-1992 -- Chapter 4. Market Institutions Beginning to Take Shape: 1993-2000 -- Chapter 5. Market Institutions Nearing Maturity: 2001-2011 -- Chapter 6. Comprehensive Deepening of Market Reform: 2012-2018 -- Chapter 7. Achievements and Their Significance.
    Abstract: This book analyzes and summarizes the process and achievements of China's economic restructuring from 1978 to 2018, including the objectives of China's economic restructuring, the initial stage of market-oriented reform (1979–1984), the comprehensive development stage of market-oriented reform (1985–1992), and the initial establishment stage of market-oriented reform system (1993–2000). The book illustrates the achievements and significance of China's economic system reform during the stage of system improvement (2001–2011) and the stage of comprehensive deepening reform focusing on market-oriented reform (2012–2018). It has great international significance to summarize the experiences of China's economic restructuring, and it is conducive to continuing the reform and achieving the final victory of the reform.
    Note: Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: "中国经济体制改革 (1978-2018)" by Haibo Wang, © Social Science Academic Press 2018
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9267-6
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    Contemporary Issues in Finance, Investment and Banking in Malaysia (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819954476
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 177 p. 32 illus., 28 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Financial engineering. ; Macroeconomics. ; Valuation. ; Fintech in Malaysia ; Cryptocurrency in Malaysia ; Banking Behaviour in Malaysia ; Islamic Banking ; Financial Literacy in Malaysia ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Bridging the Gap Between Information Asymmetry and ir 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review. - The Impact of Market Sentiment on Business Fixed Investment in Malaysia -- Crypto or Stock? A Comparative Analysis for Beginners -- The Size Effect in Malaysia’s Stock Returns -- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Malaysian Stock Market -- Reaction and Efficiency of Cryptocurrency Market During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Size and Supply -- Monetary Policy, COVID-19 and Cryptocurrency: The Tales of 3 Countries -- Fintech Financial Literacy and Islamic Bank -- Factors Influencing Online Investment Adoption: A Systematic Review -- Ethical Banking Behaviour of Millennials and Generations Z in Malaysia.
    Abstract: This book is a collection of research works by experienced academics focusing on the current issues of fintech and cryptocurrency in the context of Malaysia. The book aims to fill the gap in the extant literature on the topic in Southeast Asia. The book starts with a discussion on the role of monetary policies in the advent of the current trend where cryptocurrencies are being used more widely as a medium of exchange compared to conventional fiat money. It then goes on to provide a comparative analysis for beginners regarding the differences between cryptocurrencies and stocks, considering facets such as ownership, methods of exchange, volatility, regulation, and their interconnectedness. Also discussed are the factors influencing on-line investment options using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) review method, a comparison of Islamic banking products and conventional fintech. The book ends on an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Malaysian stock market. This book is a valuable read for undergraduate students, postgraduate students, academicians, researchers, and professionals working in the economics, finance, and banking industries, particularly in Southeast Asia.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-5447-6
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    The Future of China’s Development and Globalization : Views from Ambassadors to China (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819975129
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 222 p. 27 illus., 25 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: China and Globalization
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Diplomacy. ; International relations. ; Globalization.
    Abstract: Convergences in Pakistan-China Development: Perspectives of the Pakistani Ambassador -- Croatia and China in the Diamond Era of Bilateral Relations -- Future milestones in Switzerland-China relations -- China and Sri Lanka: Neighbourly Relations in a Rapidly Evolving World -- For a useful dialogue between Spain and China -- Status and Prospects of EU-China relations.
    Abstract: This is an open access book. As the world continues to recover from the fear and uncertainty of the Covid-19 pandemic, a new set of challenges like increased geopolitical tensions and climate change have become increasingly prominent. This open access book, which contains the views of ambassadors to Beijing on topics ranging from bilateral relations to potential cooperation, global development and even more of the most immediate issues, aims to help readers make sense of our changing world and China’s role in it. Building on the success of our previous volume China and the World in a Changing Context: Perspectives from Ambassadors to China, the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) has invited 27 ambassadors to examine China’s role in this context of constant flux, focusing specifically on China’s perspective, including its trade and investment ties with other countries, as well as its role in multilateral regional relations and global governance. These diplomatic envoys from countries around the world serve as pivotal contact points between nations across a wide range of fields, from economics and culture to health and the environment. Their perspectives, representing both developing and industrialized countries, are both invaluable and illuminating—not only in conveying the views and experiences of their own country, but also for their insights into global affairs and China’s development. It is our hope that the views expressed in this volume will inspire even more discussion on the next best step to take in finding solutions to the problems we face, and in particular how China can use its own experience and wisdom to better contribute and engage with the world in finding solutions together. This book provides a wealth of perspective and insight that we hope will benefit not only academics and policy makers, but also the private sector and individuals. .
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7512-9
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Large-Scale Development of Renewables in the ASEAN : Economics, Technology and Policy (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819982394
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 273 p. 81 illus., 76 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Keywords: Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Storage and Batteries ; Auction and Markets Design ; Decarbonization and Net-Zero ; Renewable Energy ; Large-scale Deployment ; Policy Barriers and Pathways ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Electricity Markets Design and Large Share of Renewables: Lessons for the ASEAN -- Auctions of Procuring Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaics with Battery Energy Storage Systems in ASEAN and East Asia -- Power Trade and Hydroelectricity Development in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: Perspectives on Economic and Environmental Implications -- Have E-reverse Auctions in Solar and Wind Energy Resulted in Desirable Outcomes? Empirical Evidence from India -- PV Rooftop with Batteries for Improving Self-consumption in Viet Nam: A Cost-benefit Analysis Study.
    Abstract: This book combines the fundamentals of economics, technology, and policy in deriving feasible solutions to facilitate the large-scale development of renewables in the ASEAN. A unique feature of this book is documenting that achieving large-scale renewables deployment inevitably requires combining these three distinct but interrelated forces of economics, technology, and policy. The economic foundations are guided by the microeconomic foundations grounded on economic efficiency and the associated market designs to deliver short-run economic efficiency including the application of auction designs and cost-benefit analysis. The role of battery technology and utility-scale batteries as enabling technologies for large-scale deployment of renewable energy is evidenced through energy modeling techniques. This book also pays particular emphasis on identifying key policy barriers of large-scale renewable development and pathways to overcome them such as the importance of carbon pricing in ASEAN countries and cross-border electricity trade to improve energy security by achieving clean energy targets. Country-specific case studies and regional case studies are used to study the economic, technological, and policy facets of large-scale renewable development with a view to derive policy lessons and recommendations in decarbonizing economic regions such as the ASEAN. The case studies are carefully selected and supported by rigorous data analysis and modeling as appropriate. This book on energy economics and policy is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth and robust overview on the recent empirical evidences of facilitating the large-scale development of renewables with a particular reference to the ASEAN and Asian economies including India and China. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8239-4
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    Political Humor Worldwide : The Cultural Context of Political Comedy, Satire, and Parody (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819984909
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XIV, 253 p. 19 illus., 10 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: The Language of Politics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Communication in politics.
    Abstract: Humor and Politics: A Conceptual Introduction -- Founding Contradictions, Contemporary Expressions: Political Humor in American Culture -- Humorous Genres and Modes in Greek Political Discourse -- British Phlegm and Individualism in Humorous Political Advertising -- ‘Kapwa’ and Filipinos’ Fixation with Presidential Jokes. .
    Abstract: This collection of original chapters reflects the increasing interest over the past few decades in the relationship between political humor (as a distinct form of political discourse) and a country’s culture: Beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and processes that are affected, shaped by, and related to historical experiences, socialization processes, social structure, religion, the economic system, and majority/minority relations. Written by contributors from various fields of study – political science, communication, linguistics, sociology, culture studies, and political psychology – the book looks at the central role played by “culture” in shaping and affecting the sundry aspects of political humor, including satire and parody. The chapters, focusing on diverse countries such as the USA, UK, Greece, Philippines, Israel, Poland, Italy, and Spain, as well as ethnic groups, offer a comprehensive overview of political humor as used by public figures, including politicians, artists, performers, as well as comedians, talk shows hosts and and the general public. By presenting fresh perspectives on the relationship between culture and political humor as employed during political debates in parliament, in media interviews and shows, on the internet and in art, the book opens up new avenues for discussion regarding the factors that shape political humor across the globe in a variety of political and media systems. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8490-9
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    Report on the Chinese Business Environment Survey 2020 (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819961122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 263 p. 176 illus., 12 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economic policy. ; Digital Government in China ; Chinese Regulatory Reform ; Chinese Business System Reform ; Doing Business in China ; Business Environment in China ; Deregulation Reform in China ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Overview of Business Environment in 2018/2019 -- 2. Walking into One-stop Shops -- 3. Using Digital Government -- 4. Measuring Economic Performance -- 5. Doing Business in Zhejiang -- 6. Doing Business in Zhejiang -- 7. Doing Business in Gansu -- 8. Doing Business in Guangdong -- 9. Theory and Indicators -- 10. Chinese Business Environment Survey -- 11. Data Tables.
    Abstract: This book provides quantitative indicators covering four main areas of business environment in China. The most distinguished feature of this book is that it evaluates Chinese business environment from the perspective of enterprises based on two years' nationwide survey, interviewing 15,000 enterprises in 300 One-Stop Shops across China from 2018 to 2019, which includes: (1) Progress of Chinese business environment in 2019; (2) overview of the facilities and services of China's One-stop Shops; (3) construction and popularity of Chinese digital government system; (4) the effect of Chinese business environment on improving economic performance in terms of entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth. The quantitative analysis of this book shows that in 2019, China made noteworthy improvements in the process of reducing permits, increasing the availability of digital government, and improving the government efficiency. Challenges such as uneven progress among sub-regions and difficulties for small enterprises to grow were still getting in the way. The goal of the book is to provide objective data and cases from enterprise survey for use by academics and governments. This book presents Chinese experiences of designing sound business regulatory policies.
    Note: Jointly published with Social Sciences Academic Press. - Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: “中国营商环境企业调查报告2020” by Xianxiang Xu et al., © Social Science Academic Press 2020
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6112-2
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    An MT-Oriented Study of Corresponding Lexical Chunks in Business Correspondences from English to Chinese (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819949779
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 157 p. 17 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Computational linguistics. ; Translating and interpreting. ; Lexicology. ; Intercultural communication.
    Abstract: Related Studies on Formulaic Sequences -- MT-oriented Analysis of Chunk Composition in Business Correspondences -- Chunk Extraction in Business English Correspondences -- Corresponding Relationship and Rules -- Construction Mode and Application of a Chunk Bank.
    Abstract: This book sheds new light on chunk in business correspondence in order to promote the advancement of machine translation. By presenting a bilingual chunk table for correspondence and providing basic theoretical and empirical data on the construction of an MT-based English-Chinese chunk bank for business correspondence, it seeks to improve the accuracy of machine translation systems in a new way. It mainly addresses two questions: (1) How can business English correspondence chunks be defined in machine translation? (2) What are the correspondences between English-Chinese business letter chunks for machine translation? With the aid of a parallel corpus, qualitative and quantitative research methods, and the construction grammar theory, the book puts forward a theoretical model of chunk composition analysis. Further, the findings presented here can be used for the machine translation of English-Chinese business letters, helping to break down communication barriers and promote international business and exchanges. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4977-9
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    (Un)Following in Winnetou’s Footsteps : Representations of North American Indigeneity in Central Europe (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819974214
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 267 p. 39 illus., 28 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: European literature. ; Fiction. ; Intercultural communication. ; Mass media.
    Abstract: Introduction:(Why) Is Europe Still Following in Winnetou’s Footsteps? -- Indianthusiasm and Indigenous Contacts: A Very Personal German Perspective -- A Separation of Sameness: (East) German Indianthusiasm, Ostalgie, and Kent Monkman’s Intervention -- “We Were Indians First, Before We Became Croats”: “Playing Indian” on the European Frontier -- Croatian Winnetou: Locations, Memories, Cultural Legacy, Ethical Issues -- Alalá all’Indiano! Native Americans in Fascist Italy: Useful Characters from Dime Novel Foes to “Natural Leaders”’ against Anglo-American Imperialism -- Lakota Dandies in the Eternal City: Indigenous Travelers Chief Iron Tail and Jacob Ištá Ská -- Constructions of North American Indigeneity in Contemporary Polish Non-Fiction -- Becoming White Otter: Constructing Whiteness between Canada and Czechoslovakia -- Winnetou in Czech Comics -- “We’re Still Here”: Interview with Bruce Sinclair -- Erasing the Footsteps That Lead Astray.
    Abstract: This book examines the ways in which North American Indigenous identity has been (re)imagined, represented, and negotiated in German, Croatian, Italian, Polish, and Czech culture. Employing a cross-disciplinary and comparative approach and drawing on a range of media—from literature, comics, and film to photography, painting, and the performative arts—across different historical and cultural backgrounds, it aims to both contribute innovative scholarship on Indigenous studies in Europe and open a new avenue in the field by focusing on Central European settings that have received little or no critical attention to date. The book’s novelty also comes from its focus on the latest developments in the field, including the “Ravensburger/Winnetou controversy,” which swept across Europe in 2022, echoing the 2017 Canadian debate over Indigenous appropriation and free speech. It seeks to provide a sound reference and lay the groundwork for future scholarship by opening up a conversation on how Indigenous identities have been portrayed in Central European literature and media texts. To this end, it not only addresses generalized expectations about North American Indigenous people underlying (Central) European public discourse and imagination but also questions whether and to what extent some of the ingrained stereotypical views and practices, such as hobbyism, have been challenged in the face of Indigenous resurgence, rapidly changing media and information-sharing realities, and global cultural shifts. The closing interview with Métis playwright, actor, and director Bruce Sinclair underscores one of the book’s key goals—to spark an informed cross-cultural dialogue that will reveal the mechanisms of, as well as the contradictions and tensions inherent in, the politics of Indigenous representation in (Central) European cultural industries and encourage (Central) Europeans to confront their own cultural assumptions and attitudes. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7421-4
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    Introduction to Pragmatics (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819964642
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 165 p. 71 illus., 18 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Peking University Linguistics Research 9
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Pragmatics. ; Sociolinguistics. ; Intercultural communication.
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Deixis -- Chapter 3. Presupposition -- Chapter 4. Implicature -- Chapter 5. Speech Acts -- Chapter 6. Politeness and Impoliteness -- Chapter 7. Research Methods -- References -- Appendix.
    Abstract: This book covers major topics in the Anglo-American tradition, including deixis, presupposition, implicature, speech acts, and (im)politeness. These key topics are illustrated with examples and case studies from various contexts such as romantic relationships, online forums, social media posts, and popular culture. The book also includes a methods chapter that offers a hands-on guide for literature search, data collection, and data analysis. This book is particularly suitable for readers who have no prior knowledge of pragmatics. .
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6464-2
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    Urban Infrastructure and Economic Development in China (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819966295
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXV, 152 p. 19 illus., 11 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Public Economy and Urban Governance in China
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban economics. ; Development economics. ; Sociology, Urban. ; Infrastructure ; Economic Development ; Economics ; Infrastructure Construction ; China's Economy ; China's Economic Development ; China's Governance System ; National Governance ; GDP ; Infrastructure Economic Growth Model
    Abstract: Introduction -- Brief History and Basic Concepts of Infrastructure -- Origin and Development of Infrastructure Economics -- A Review of Infrastructure Economic Growth Models.-Achievements and Challenges of China’s Infrastructure Development (1949-2019) -- Infrastructure and Market Integration: A Case Study on High-Speed Rail Accessibility -- Infrastructure and Open Development: A Case Study on Foreign Direct Investment.
    Abstract: This book provides an overview of the history, basic concepts, and provision models of infrastructure, significant theories on infrastructure economics, practices at home and abroad that reflect the economic development effects of infrastructure, and four infrastructure economic growth models. Great attention is placed on the domestic front. This book describes and discusses in detail the historical background, development trends, achievements, and challenges of China’s infrastructure from 1949 to 2019, under the classic “supply and demand” analysis framework. From the four perspectives of market integration, open development, people’s livelihood, and endogenous growth, this book carries out an empirical study on how to quantify and make causal inferences about the economic development effects of infrastructure. Based on the conclusion that national governance is of important help to infrastructure provision, this book interprets China’s governance system and its impact on infrastructure provision from the angle of decentralization and offers suggestions on policy optimizing.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-6629-5
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    Annual Report on China's Petroleum, Gas and New Energy Industry (2022-2023) (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819972890
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 392 p. 120 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Current Chinese Economic Report Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Global Energy Outlook in the Context of Russia-Ukraine Conflict ; China's Carbon Emission Peak Goals ; Strategies and Policies ; New Energy Industry ; Carbon Neutrality ; Energy Transformation ; Low-Carbon Transformation ; Hydrogen Energy ; Sustainability ; Global Oil Refining Industry ; Renewable Energy ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Global Energy Outlook in the Context of Russia-Ukraine Conflict -- 2. China's Carbon Emission Peak Goals, Strategies and Policies -- 3. Carbon Market Outlook in the Context of Global Carbon Neutrality -- 4. New Features of the Global Oil Market in the Context of High Oil Prices -- 5. Global Oil Supply Analysis and Outlook in the Context of Russia-Ukraine Conflict.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the global economy, oil industry, natural gas industry, hydrogen energy industry, and electricity industry in China under the Carbon Emission Peak Strategy and the whole world. It provides the overview of the China's energy economy development in 2022–2023 and has an in-depth analysis of the future development trends of the oil and gas and new energy industries. It aims to present Chinese insights on the development of the energy industry of China and the world.
    Note: Jointly published with China Economic Publishing House. - Translation from the Chinese Simplified language edition: "中国油气与新能源产业发展报告 (2022-2023)" by China International United Petroleum & Chemicals Co., Ltd., et al., © China Economic Press 2023
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7289-0
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    A Tale of Three Cities : Urban Governance of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore During COVID-19 (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819991341
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XII, 105 p. 1 illus.)
    Series Statement: Sustainable Development Goals Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Urban economics. ; Political planning. ; International Political Economy ; Urban governance ; Shanghai ; Hong Kong ; Singapore ; Covid-19 ; Globalization ; International organization ; Global issue ; Crisis management
    Abstract: 1. Dynamic clearing or group immunization? A tale of three cities and their COVID-19 responses -- 2. Divergence of anti-pandemic policies: origin and development -- 3. Differences and similarities in urban governance during the pandemic -- 4. Crisis management during the pandemic -- 5. Revitalization: new opportunities and challenges in the post-pandemic era -- 6. Future frontiers: a tale of three cities and the world -- 7. Conclusion.
    Abstract: The proposed book presents the cutting-edge research on the urban development of three cities: Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore. By comparing their responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from an international political economic perspective, this book examines the commonalities and differences in urban governance in these three widely recognized and well-developed Asian cities with outward-oriented economies through the lens of world-systems theory and related theories of historicism. These cities are all generally considered to be under authoritarian regimes, but there are substantial differences in their social systems, rules of law and justice, and administrative structures. In the context of globalization, the cities are competing on a more even playing field. In addition, city governments worldwide are increasingly pursuing growth, land markets, urban regeneration, and large-scale public projects. With the advent of globalization, urban development is gradually changing from the past crude model of spatial expansion and land finance to a more refined model of socioeconomic development driven by industrial upgrading and enhanced consumption. However, cities’ political and economic contexts and governance systems vary greatly. Unsurprisingly, given their differences, the three cities of Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Singapore demonstrated varied responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This book discusses the efforts of these governments to address and reduce the spread of COVID-19 as well as how national responses to the pandemic outbreak were influenced by global dynamics, geopolitics, and each nation’s particular historical context.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9134-1
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    The Wretched of the Global South : Critical Approaches to International Human Rights Law (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819992751
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XII, 278 p. 3 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: International Law and the Global South, Perspectives from the Rest of the World
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: International law. ; Human rights. ; Sex. ; Criminology.
    Abstract: Introduction by editors -- The discursive dissociation of human rights and justice: Experiences of Afro-Colombian displaced women from Colombia -- Seeking intersectionality in the Inter-American System jurisprudence on land rights -- The rights of indigenous and quilombola communities in the context of environmental challenges in Brazil -- The Struggles for Corporate Accountability in the UN: A Global South Perspective -- Strategies for Including LGBT as an “Ethnical Group” under the Genocide Article of the Rome Statute -- Prior consultation in Colombia and its postcolonial legacies: an exclusion/inclusion policy -- Impacts of Sinosphere on ensuring equal rights of ethnic minority women in Southeast Asian countries: Barriers, challenges and recent developments -- Human Rights as a calculus of unfreedom -- Manual Scavenging as an Unhygienic Occupation: An Untold Story -- Analysing the Symbiotic Relation Between the Concept of Resistance and Counter-hegemonic Practices of Human Rights -- The Utility of International Law in Solving the Palestinian Question Insights from Complexity Theory -- Using Law to Prevent Further Unequal Access to Food in North Korea -- Vernacularising Human Rights in ASEAN Regionalism -- A Critical Appraisal of The Human Rights Based Approach to NCD Prevention and Control in the Caribbean Region -- International Criminal Court: A Critical Analysis -- Contradictions and opportunities for national liberation in human rights law and practice.
    Abstract: The books aims to discuss and present an alternative epistemology of human rights, against the background of the globalization from below. The interdependent network of transnational networks, ranging from social movements, NGOs, and other groupings, questions the neoliberal paradigm and a particular set of human rights. This book wishes to transform this discourse on human rights and amplify the subaltern voices. The book also aims to highlight alternative practices of freedom that decenter human rights as a liberation discourse. Following Julia Suarez-Krabbe in “Race, Rights and Rebels”, the authors aim to amend to practices of freedom that center different orders of knowledge on subjectivity and agency. The proposed book, first, situates the problem of representation of the marginalized voices in contemporary legal and political discourse. Second, it offers critiques in theory, and, third, followed by alternative practices that emanate from marginalized localities. In particular, this book wishes to reflect upon alternatives rooted in legal and non-legal responses to address human rights grievances. In the end, this book envisages, along the lines of Frantz Fanon, to vision the possibility of the human by a new concept, addressing the concerns in various ways: As Fanon argued for “a new start”, “a new way of thinking”, and for the creation of a “new man”, it is pertinent to trigger a human rights project from the below.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9275-1
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    Achieving Zero Hunger in India : Challenges and Policies (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819944132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 344 p. 101 illus., 95 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: India Studies in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Sociology. ; Nutrition. ; Food. ; Food security. ; Nutrition . ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Food Security ; SDG2, SDG1, SDG5 ; Hunger ; Nutrition ; Dietary Diversity ; Undernutrition ; India ; Women and children nutrition ; Dietary supplements ; Food wellbeing ; Food and health
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction and Synthesis of the Book -- Chapter 2. Evolution of India’s Policy Response to Hunger. Nutrition and Food Security Since Independence -- Chapter 3. Are Gender Budgets Necessary for Reducing Inequalities in Health Outcomes? An Exploratory Analysis -- Chapter 4. Food Security in Rural Bihar: Findings from a Longitudinal Survey -- Chapter 5. Food Security Atlas of Rural Jharkhand -- Chapter 6. Milk Consumption Pattern of Young children: A Relook at the Indian Evidence -- Chapter 7. Revisiting Women’s Empowerment as an Agriculture-Nutrition Pathway Using the Framework of Intersectionality -- Chapter 8. A Search for Appropriate Calorie Intake Norm for Indian States -- Chapter 9. Socio-Legal Analysis of the Impact of Food Insecurity and Hunger on Right to Health of Urban Poor Living in the State of Gujarat -- Chapter 10. Subjective Wellbeing of Women in The Marine Fisherfolk of Kerala: Anthropological Insights on Life Experience, Attitude and Life Satisfaction -- Chapter 11. Exploring The Prevalence of Undernutrition and Consumers’ Knowledge, Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Bio-Fortified Food -- Chapter 12. Does Crop Insurance Promote Nutrition and Good Health among Women and Children in the Agrarian Households of India?- Chapter 13. Dietary diversity and anaemia among women: A study of four Indian states -- Chapter 14. Gendering Tribal Food Security in Uttar Pradesh.
    Abstract: This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on. With its rich discussions, the book is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and sustainable food systems. .
    Note: Open Access
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4413-2
    URL: kostenfrei
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    Human Factors in Tourism: A Layperson's Approach (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819970667
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 81 p. 30 illus., 28 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Design Science and Innovation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Design. ; Tourism. ; Management. ; Buildings ; Interior architecture.
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Your Users Your God -- Chapter 2: First Love with Accommodation -- Chapter 3: Host and Hospitality -- Chapter 4: Food and Tour -- Chapter 5: Reducing Travel Uncertainty -- Chapter 6: Exercises with ergonomic directions.
    Abstract: The textbook covers the application of human factors in different facets of tourism and hospitality industry. It talks about appropriate ambience creation for guests, so they can enjoy their stay. This book enumerates different human factors aspects of dealing with tourists, conducting guided tours, or ensuring that tourists are completely satisfied from the tour in detail but in a layperson’s language. This book discusses details of the application of human factors in the tourism sector. This book aims to fill the gap between the literature available on tourism that deals with people and human factors that deals with the interaction among people, space, and products. This book aids the students and instructors in understanding and teaching different human factors issues in this sector. Further, this book will help professionals in the industry in providing quality services to their clients.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7066-7
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    Smart Grid Economics : A Field Experimental Approach to Demand Response (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819985777
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 139 p. 46 illus., 38 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in Japanese Business and Economics 32
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
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    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Economics. ; Power resources. ; Energy policy. ; Energy and state. ; Field experiments ; Electric power industry ; Smart grid ; Dynamic pricing ; Demand response ; Power crisis ; Great East Japan Earthquake
    Abstract: Part I Smart Grid Economics -- Chapter 1 Economics of Smart Grid: Smart Grid, Time-dependent Pricing (Dynamic Pricing), Demand Response -- Part II Field Experimental Economics -- Chapter 2 Economics of Field Experiment: History of Field Experiment, especially in Energy and Environmental Economics -- Chapter 3 Dynamic Pricing: Purpose, Design, and Results of Field Experiment of Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 4 Persistence and Habit Formation: Short-term and Long-term Effects of Conservation Request and Dynamic Pricing -- Chapter 5 Switching Cost and Information Friction: Status Quo Bias and Cognitive Incompleteness of Behavioral Change -- Chapter 6 Social Welfare Analysis: Cost-Benefit Ratio of Installing Smart Grid System -- Part III Toward Power System Restructuring -- Chapter 7 Power System Restructuring and Smart Grids.
    Abstract: This book aims to report on a cutting-edge research project of the smart grid in Japan, resting on the three pillars of field experiments, behavioral economics, and big data. The field experiments on the smart grid were conducted in four regions in Japan—Yokohama city, Toyota city, Keihanna Science City, and Kitakyushu city—over a three-year period from 2012 to 2014 after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plants. Our focus here is on demand response in the smart grid environment, which we also discuss in the context of power system reforms. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, policy makers, and business leaders.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-8577-7
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  • 84
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    Wealth Management Report for Mid-High Net Worth Families (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819703876
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(IX, 358 p. 229 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Spatial Demography and Population Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Welfare economics. ; Social justice. ; Real estate business.
    Abstract: Introduction -- Behavioral Characteristics of Mid-High Net Worth Families -- Financial Asset Management for Mid-High Net Worth Families -- Non-Financial Asset Management for Mid-High Net Worth Families -- Commercial Insurance Allocation for Mid-High Net Worth Families -- Allocation of Children's Commercial Health Insurance for Mid-High Net Worth Families -- Retirement and Insurance for Mid-high net worth Families -- Typical Family Analysis.
    Abstract: This book analyzes the wealth management of mid-high net worth individuals and families. As China's economy develops and people's living standards improve, more and more families are becoming well-off and the middle-income group continues to expand. After creating wealth and becoming rich, better guarding, spreading and enjoying wealth is not only an urgent challenge faced by more and more micro-families, but also an inevitable need to enrich and energize people's livelihood and the connotation of a good life. Mid-high net worth people are an organic part of China's middle-income group, as well as the future coordinates of many families that have just crossed into the middle-income group. An accurate portrait of this group and an in-depth study of the needs, habits, ways and effects of their family wealth management and distribution are conducive to better responding to the demands of affluent families to "keep, pass on and enjoy wealth," as well as exploring the path of solidly promoting common prosperity at the micro-family level. From this perspective, Institute of Social Science Survey of Peking University has conducted a panoramic analysis on mid-high net worth people from panel survey with more 16,000 households in China after 10 years of tracking and investigation, from six aspects: behavioral patterns, financial asset allocation, non-financial asset allocation, commercial insurance allocation, children's commercial medical insurance allocation and pension insurance allocation, the importance of which is self-evident. As the first systematic work on asset allocation and insurance protection of Chinese middle and high net worth families, although part of the purpose is to explore the demand for insurance protection and develop the commercial insurance market, there is no doubt that this study is an important reference for the government to formulate social security policies and for financial institutions to optimize the supply of family wealth services.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0387-6
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  • 85
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    Blue Book on AI and Rule of Law in the World (2021) (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819990856
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XV, 458 p. 92 illus., 89 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Artificial intelligence. ; Information technology ; Mass media
    Abstract: AI Laws and Policies -- Theoretical Research on AI and the Rule of Law -- Application of AI in the Rule of Law -- Analysis of Al-Related Cases -- Report on the Development of AI and the Rule of Law -- Expert Interviews on Development of AI and the Rule of Law -- Interviews with AI Companies on the Rule of Law.
    Abstract: This book focuses on the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in the world, by collecting and summarizing the information about the development of artificial intelligence and rule of law in China and the world, covering topics like AI strategy, policy, law, theoretical research and practical application, etc. It makes an in-depth analysis so as to provide an objective, fair and accurate report. The purpose is to promote the study of AI and law, promote the construction of AI and rule of law system and create an AI and rule of law environment. In particular, it aims to play an active role in promoting the establishment of legislative norms, legal systems, policy systems and ethical norms that are compatible with the innovative development of AI, promoting the implementation of a new generation of national AI development strategies, ensuring the safe, reliable, controllable, healthy and sustainable development of AI. It is hoped that this book may provide useful reference for researchers of AI and law.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9085-6
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  • 86
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    Lao PDR Fiscal Incidence Analysis - Raising the Bar : Toward an Equitable and Inclusive Fiscal Policy (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Financial Sector Study
    Keywords: Equity ; Fiscal and Monetary Policy ; Fiscal Interventions ; Fiscal Policy ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Policy Reforms
    Abstract: The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is facing economic challenges. The country is experiencing a growth slowdown with high levels of public debt. Growing current expenditure and debt service obligations amid sluggish tax revenue led to a widening fiscal deficit in the early 2010s, which remained high into the 2020s despite fiscal consolidation efforts. COVID-19 and deteriorating macroeconomic conditions have disrupted human capital investment and are expected to have worsened the incidence of poverty and inequality. Fiscal policy can be an instrument to address these challenges, but its role has been constrained by a precarious fiscal position. This report analyzes the distributive effects of the Lao fiscal system and potential reforms to address current economic challenges. The analysis adopts the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) methodology to assess the distributional impact of the Lao fiscal system on household welfare. The methodology disaggregates income to include or exclude fiscal interventions to analyze the impact of the fiscal system and each intervention on poverty and inequality. Fiscal interventions can be classified into three categories according to how they are imposed on households: direct interventions (direct taxes, social security contributions, and cash transfers), indirect interventions (indirect taxes and subsidies), and in-kind interventions (public health and education). The framework assesses how progressive a fiscal system and each fiscal intervention are and measures their impacts on poverty and inequality
    DOI: 10.1596/40815
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  • 87
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    International Debt Report 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (210 pages)
    Series Statement: International Debt Report
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Bonds ; Creditor ; Data ; Debt ; Debtor ; Developing ; Development ; Economic ; FDI ; Finance ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Government ; Interest Payments ; Interest Rates ; Loans ; Maturity ; Principal ; Private Sector ; Public Sector ; Statistics
    Abstract: The International Debt Report (IDR) is a longstanding annual publication of the World Bank featuring external debt statistics and analysis for the 122 countries that report to the World Bank Debtor Reporting System. IDR 2023 is the 50th annual edition and includes (1) analyses of external debt stocks and flows as of end-2022 for these countries; (2) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2023 and beyond; (3) a focus on improved public debt transparency and the quality of debt reporting; (4) a discussion of the need for innovative approaches to debt management; (5) a commentary on how the International Debt Statistics database serves as an indispensable resource for researchers and policy makers; and (6) a one-page snapshot of relevant debt indicators and summary of debt stocks and flows for six years (2010 and 2018-22) for each country, plus global income group and regional aggregates. Unique in its coverage of the important trends and issues fundamental to the financing of low- and middle-income countries, IDR 2023 is an indispensable resource for governments, economists, investors, financial consultants, academics, bankers, and the entire development community. For more information on IDR 2023 and related products, please visit the World Bank's Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics
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  • 88
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    Global RApid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report : Mw 6.3 Herat Earthquake Sequence in Afghanistan, October 2023 (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
    Keywords: Conflict and Development ; Damages ; Earthquake ; Environment ; Grade Methodology ; Herat Province ; Natural Disasters
    Abstract: Following the Herat province (Western Afghanistan) earthquake sequence of October 7 to 15, 2023, the World Bank carried out a remote desk-based assessment of the physical damages using the Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) methodology. The objective of the assessment is to develop a model-based estimate of the direct physical (economic) damages to residential buildings (houses), non-residential buildings (e.g., education, health, worship, commercial, industrial assets) and infrastructure (e.g., transport, power, water, telecommunications), and to evaluate the spatial distribution of damages in order to support the development of a roadmap for recovery and reconstruction. This report summarizes the key findings of the assessment
    DOI: 10.1596/40816
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  • 89
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    Stress Testing Adaptive Social Protection Systems in the Sahel (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Crisis ; Sahel ; Shocks ; Social Protection ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: The Sahel region of Africa faces multiple crises, which further compound structural economic and human development challenges. The Sahel is one of the world's poorest regions and displays some of the lowest levels of human capital globally. Violence and insecurity in the Sahel have significantly increased in the past decade, with several countries experiencing active armed conflict and unrest. The impacts of climate change compound existing vulnerabilities and risks. Finally, the external shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have impacted the Sahel, eroding purchasing power and aggravating poverty. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. ASP has emerged as a flexible and dynamic approach to social protection during the past decade. It combines and exploits synergies between social protection, disaster risk management (DRM), and climate change adaptation. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) plays a critical role in preventing or mitigating the negative impacts of shocks and boosting resilience for long-term development. The Sahel's vulnerability and exposure to shocks and crises is set to increase with accelerating climate change, calling for a shift from often externally funded, ad hoc responses toward building sustainable, government-led system. Over the past decade, ASP has been on a remarkable trajectory in the Sahel, and this is an appropriate time to take stock of the situation. This report provides an overview of the state of ASP across six Sahelian countries - Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal - as well as a set of recommendations for actions to strengthen the adaptiveness and responsiveness of existing systems to shocks
    DOI: 10.1596/40814
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  • 90
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    Unlocking Floating Solar Photovoltaics Potential in India (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Anchoring and Mooring ; Energy ; Energy Resources Development ; Energy Yield ; Environment ; Environment and Energy Efficiency ; Floating Solar Photovoltaics ; FSPV Ecosystem ; HSE ; Inverter ; Power Plants
    Abstract: This report builds a compelling case for India to look beyond land and institute an ecosystem that supports the installation and operationalization of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV) power plants. Since these plants are installed on the underutilized surfaces of large water bodies, no land needs to be diverted from other uses. The installation of FSPVs also spurs job creation and catalyzes the development of a domestic value chain as some of the components, such as floaters, need to bemanufactured close to installation sites. They also provide a range of other benefits as they generate relatively more power than ground-mounted solar plants (due to the cooling effect of water) and better utilize shared infrastructure such as transmission systems, wherever available
    DOI: 10.1596/40817
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  • 91
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    The Legal Issues of the Emerging Rights (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819704996
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VII, 453 p. 3 illus., 2 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Private international law. ; Conflict of laws. ; International law. ; Comparative law. ; Information technology ; Mass media ; Law ; Law
    Abstract: Introduction to the emerging rights -- Generation of emerging rights: taking the right to outdoor advertising as an example -- Administrative right to know -- Right to information -- Genetic rights -- Sexual rights.
    Abstract: This book systematically discusses the contents of the administrative right to know, the right to information, the right to gene, euthanasia and other emerging rights. The purpose of this book is to attract legal scholars to pay attention to these right changes in the process of China's social transformation, analyze the basic laws of right changes under the specific background of China's society and provide a theoretical system model for the establishment of China's legislative right recognition and right relief system. The typical feature of contemporary China is all-round social transformation. In such a transitional period, the construction of democracy, legal system and political system in China is gradually unfolding and developing with its unique mode. In the construction of legal system and the practical operation of legal system, the concept of rights, the thinking of rights and the logic of rights have in fact been running through the social and legal practice in China for decades since the reform and opening up and have always become its background, keynote and background. Its typical realistic symptom is that a large number of rights belong to "new" for "China" the germination and birth of the type. In this context, this book tries to combine the general theory with the specific reality of the right landscape and preliminarily explores and explains the generation mechanism, existence basis, development logic and basic connotation of the "new" types of rights, that is, the main "emerging" or "new" types of rights in the transitional Chinese society. The purpose of this book is to draw the attention of the colleagues in the field of law to the reality of the emergence and development of "emerging" rights in our society. At the same time, taking this as an example, I hope that the colleagues in the field of law can deepen the study of rights, especially from the general and macro-study of rights to the more specific and micro-study of rights.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0499-6
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  • 92
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    The Long 2020 : Reflections of Epidemiological Times (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819948154
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 224 p. 4 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: India Studies in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Labor economics. ; Population ; Political science. ; Economic policy. ; Social policy. ; Public health. ; COVID-19 ; Pandemic ; Epidemic ; India ; Plague ; Long Century ; Livelihood ; Global Epidemiological Crisis ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. Introduction: Looking beyond the Immediate -- Part 1: Of Past and Futures of Studying Epidemics -- 2. ‘Longue Durée’, ‘Conjoncture’, ‘Event’: Notion of Plural Time in History (Subhas Ranjan Chakraborty) -- 3. Locating the Diseased Body (Paula Banerjee) -- 4. Structure, Agency, Temporality: Revisiting Historical Analyses to Study the Contemporary (Kaustubh Mani Sengupta) -- 5. The Island of the Day After: Digital Epidemiology, Artificial Intelligence and a Futuristic Governmentality (Iman Mitra) -- Part 2: Global and Local Response to 2020 -- 6. Global Capitalism and Corona Pandemic – In Search for Radical Solution (Byasdeb Dasgupta) -- 7. The Long 2020/21 in India: Models of Pandemic Management and Logistics of Governance (Amit Prakash) -- Part 3: Refugees and Labouring Lives -- 8. Politics of Health in Post-Partition Calcutta: the Refugees, the Left movements and the Question of Life in the City (Priyankar Dey) -- 9. Guest Workers in Kerala: Is Welfarism Enough? (Jyothi Krishnan) -- 10. Long 2020 and the Informal Care Economy: Case studies of select Careworkers (Sabir Ahamed) -- Part 4: Literature and the Literary World -- 11. Epidemic and Bangla Literature: Tropes, Traces, Topographies (Samata Biswas) -- 12. Books — and the Time-Warp of Long-COVID (Ritu Menon).
    Abstract: This book looks at the current crises of life and livelihood following the global epidemiological crisis and various strategies to manage them as a long unfolding of past trends and future possibilities of epidemiological governance, restructuring of global economy, public health, systems of protection and care and the role of state in that, and precarities of the migrants and the refugees. It brings together scholars from different fields to think of our present in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in a longer temporal frame. The essays compiled in this book investigate issues mentioned above, covering a period from the colonial past to the postcolonial present with an aim towards encouraging scholarly debates on protection, care and justice. Although the experiences of last two years have inspired some very important academic and scholarly interventions, this book compiles original research to contextualise the present in a longue duree framework and arrive at a more complex understanding of it. It is a must-have resource for researchers of developmental studies especially in the above mentioned areas, as well as policy makers, think tanks and other non-governmental organizations interested in these areas.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-4815-4
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  • 93
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    The Household Finance Issues in China (2024)
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    ISBN: 9789819707065
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIII, 176 p. 9 illus., 6 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economics ; Household Finance ; Finance Health ; Financial Resilience ; Financial Literacy ; Family Financial Behavior ; Household Asset Allocation ; Risky Financial Market ; Entrepreneurial Activity ; Financial Consumer Protection ; FinTec
    Abstract: Chinese Household Finance: Research Background and Conceptual Delineation -- Health status, risk attitude and Household financial investment behavior -- Housing type, financial literacy and household financial investment behavior -- The effect of mental accounting and housing wealth on household financial asset allocation -- The age-period-cohort effect on household financial health -- The influence of risk attitude and borrowing participation on resident entrepreneurship -- The influence of financial exclusion and financial literacy on resident entrepreneurship -- The impact of digital technology on household finance -- Fintech, household finance, and financial consumer protection: opportunities, challenges, and countermeasures.
    Abstract: This book systematically studies and discusses pertinent issues related to household finance in China. This book not only elucidates the concept and connotation of household finance, but also extensively examines the significance and necessity of enhancing household finance and upholding household financial well-being. Drawing upon theories from economics, psychology, sociology, and behavioral finance, it conducts a quantitative analysis of family finance and its influencing factors by constructing models such as Probit model, Tobit model, and APC model to empirically test the underlying mediation mechanism. In addition, from the perspective of inclusive finance development and safeguarding the rights and interests of financial consumers, this book expounds on its profound impact on household finance. This book is a valuable reference for researchers in related fields, and it also provides some insights into residents’ and families’ awareness of financial health. Furthermore, it aids in formulating and improving consumption policies, adjusting economic structures, and preventing household financial risks. This research provides valuable guidance for enhancing family welfare and increasing property income for Chinese residents.
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-0706-5
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  • 94
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    Urban Informality in Sub-Saharan Africa : Profiling Workers and Firms in an Urban Context (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Cunningham, Wendy Urban Informality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Profiling Workers and Firms in an Urban Context
    Keywords: Employment and Unemployment ; Informal Sector ; Low Skilled Workers ; Self-Employment ; Social Protections and Labor ; Urban Informal Sector ; Women in The Workforce ; Work and Working Conditions
    Abstract: This paper describes the state of informal sector work in urban Sub-Saharan Africa, using household surveys from 26 countries representing 61 percent of the population of Sub-Saharan Africa and firm surveys from three countries. Five main conclusions emerge. First, the urban informal sector is large and persistent in Sub-Saharan Africa. Approximately 56 to 65 percent of urban workers are informal, half of whom are self-employed. Data from five countries suggest little systematic reduction in the prevalence of informality during the 2010s. Second, heterogeneity in the African informal sector cuts along demographic lines. Women are overrepresented in informal self-employment, men in informal wage work, and youth in unpaid employment. Third, while the urban informal workers are, on average, poorer and in less-skilled occupations than formal sector workers, the majority are not extremely poor and are in mid-skilled occupations. Fourth, informal enterprises are small and are challenged to survive and grow into job-creating firms. Few find much benefit from registration given the costs, both monetary (taxes) and transactional (information about the registration process). Fifth, access to urban public services (utilities) is weakly associated with the probability of working in an informal job, although access to mobile phones is high across all job types. If thriving urban jobs are to contribute to economic and social development in Africa, it will be crucial for policies and programs to take into consideration the heterogeneity in jobs, the profile of workers, and the urban context
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10703
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    Recording the Time Divide : A Comparative Study of Smartphone- and Recall-Based Approaches to Time Use Measurement (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kilic, Talip Recording the Time Divide: A Comparative Study of Smartphone- and Recall-Based Approaches to Time Use Measurement
    Keywords: Cellular Phones ; Commercial Recall ; Consumption ; Household Survey ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Telecommunications ; Usage Monitoring
    Abstract: Based on a randomized survey experiment in Malawi, this study examines how innovative techniques in time use data collection could sidestep measurement concerns with traditional recall-based time use measurement. The experiment assigns random samples of households, and adult men and women within, to one of two treatment arms on time use measurement: a traditional 24-hour recall time use diary, and a self-administered smartphone-based pictorial time diary, known as the TimeTracker app, for real-time data collection. Compared to the recall arm, participation in employment and unpaid domestic and care work is shown to be higher in the smartphone arm for both men and women. The resulting estimates of gender gaps, while continuing to be large, are narrower in the smartphone arm, except for care work where the estimated gender gap increases. The recall treatment leads to substantial underreporting of activities after 6 pm, which otherwise accounts for nearly 30 percent of daily reported time in the smartphone arm. Likewise, the extent of simultaneous activities, particularly among women, is markedly lower in the recall arm. The overall reported time is, however, higher in the recall arm due to the minimum 15-minute duration that was used for recording activities the 24-hour recall diary, while over one-third of activities lasted less than 15 minutes in the smartphone arm. The analysis also shows that using stylized time use questions with a 7-day recall, as opposed to a 24-hour recall diary, results in an even greater overestimation of reported time in employment and unpaid work
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10695
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    Gender Role Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and the "Double Burden" in Morocco (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (64 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Barnett, Carolyn Louise Gender Role Attitudes, Perceived Norms, and the "Double Burden" in Morocco
    Keywords: Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Employment ; Household Roles ; Social Protections and Labor ; Unpaid Domestic Labor ; Women in The Labor Market
    Abstract: To what extent do attitudes and perceived norms around household roles hinder the emergence of more gender-equal distributions of labor in Morocco Moroccan women undertake a disproportionate share of unpaid household and care labor and participate in the labor force at low rates. Yet everyday practices are shifting, and normative expectations may be as well. From an online survey of predominantly urban, employed Moroccans, this paper finds that respondents aspire for men to be equal contributors in care tasks. Yet, unpaid labor burdens remain highly unequal, respondents disfavor men taking primary responsibility for cooking or cleaning, and women's share of household labor correlates with perceptions of what men prefer more than with individuals' actual preferences. Results from a conjoint survey experiment measuring preferences around employment and the household division of labor confirm respondents' interest in more egalitarian relations in principle, but also suggest that strong preferences for a male breadwinner family model will continue to drive an unequal distribution of labor at home
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10694
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    The Growth Elasticity of Poverty : Is Africa Any Different? (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wu, Haoyu The Growth Elasticity of Poverty: Is Africa Any Different?
    Keywords: Aggregate Economic Growth ; Global Poverty Reduction ; Gross Domestic Product Per Capita ; Growth Elasticity ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: On current trends, the future of global poverty reduction will be determined by Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet even during Sub-Saharan Africa's period of high economic growth -- roughly corresponding to the first decade and a half of the 2000s -- the extent to which this growth translated into improved living standards for African households was hotly debated. This paper revisits the issue of Sub-Saharan Africa's relatively low growth elasticity of poverty using a sample of 575 successive and comparable growth spells between 1981 and 2021. The findings confirm that, even controlling for initial differences in poverty, income levels, and inequality, Sub-Saharan Africa consistently had a significantly lower growth elasticity of poverty relative to other regions over this period. The lower growth elasticity of poverty, which has remained unchanged over time, is due to a lower passthrough between growth in gross domestic product per capita (or growth in household final consumption expenditure as measured by national accounts) and growth in household consumption expenditures as measured from surveys. Given the low passthrough of economic growth to households, Africa thus needs higher rates of economic growth than its peer countries in other regions to achieve equal rates of poverty reduction. Given the challenge of achieving this in the current global economic environment, success in reducing global poverty will require a focused effort to strengthen the effect of aggregate economic growth on household welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results suggest that this will require (i) improved provision of basic education services and basic infrastructure, (ii) faster structural transformation, and (iii) a decrease in the occurrence and persistence of violent conflicts
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10690
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  • 98
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    FY 2023 Uzbekistan Country Opinion Survey (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Opinion Surveys
    Keywords: Accountability ; Effectiveness ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Accountability ; Social Development ; Stakeholder Engagement ; World Bank Group Strategy
    Abstract: The Country Opinion Survey in Uzbekistan assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Uzbekistan perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society in Uzbekistan on 1) their views regarding the general environment in Uzbekistan; 2) their overall attitudes toward the WBG in Uzbekistan; 3) overall impressions of the WBG's effectiveness and results, knowledge work and activities, and communication and information sharing in Uzbekistan; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG's future role in Uzbekistan
    DOI: 10.1596/41147
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 99
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    Online Resource
    Net Zero Energy by 2060 : Charting the Path of Europe and Central Asia Toward a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Energy Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Decarbonization ; Energy ; Energy Transition ; Environment ; Gas Security ; Renewable Energy ; Urban Development
    Abstract: Since February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe's need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets. It caused a significant increase in prices of electricity and heating services for consumers across the continent. With Europe's high reliance on imported natural gas, reestablishing energy security is a paramount objective. But how security can be achieved is subject to many uncertainties. Although Central Asia is not as dependent on gas imports as other parts of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, it has not been spared an energy crisis. Chronic underinvestment and the harshest winter conditions in decades resulted in significant blackouts in power and heating during the winter of 2022/23. -- This report analyzes the implications of the 2022/2023 energy crises over the short and long term, observing possible energy scenarios through 2060 in the Bank's ECA region and examining three key questions: -- What is the state of energy security in ECA in the wake of recent geopolitical events? -- What will it take to decarbonize the ECA energy system? -- What are the main uncertainties?
    DOI: 10.1596/41089
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
  • 100
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    Online Resource
    Are Unit Values Reliable Proxies for Prices? : Implications of Better Price Data for Household Consumption Measurement in a Low-Income Context (2024)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alimi, Omoniyi Babatunde Are Unit Values Reliable Proxies for Prices? Implications of Better Price Data for Household Consumption Measurement in a Low-Income Context
    Keywords: Commodity Group Price ; Household Consumption And Expenditure ; Household Survey ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Nominal Consumption Aggregate ; Poverty Line ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Separability Assumption ; Unit Values
    Abstract: Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys are key to consumption-based monetary poverty measurement. In the absence of market price surveys that are linked to Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys, unit values are used as proxies for market prices in estimating nominal consumption aggregates, price deflators, poverty lines, and poverty statistics. This practice relies on the Hicksian separability assumption: within-commodity group relative prices are constant across space and the price of a single good is an accurate proxy for the commodity group price. To test, for the first time in a low-income context, whether Hicksian separability holds, this paper uses the price data collected for an extensive list of food items, including several variety/quality-differentiated products for specific items, in a national market survey that was conducted in Malawi in sync with the Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey that is the source of official poverty statistics. The analysis demonstrates that Hicksian separability fails to hold across space and time and that unit values are biased proxies for prices. Integrating the Household Consumption and Expenditure Survey and market survey data based on location and timing of fieldwork permits an assessment of consumption and poverty estimation based on market prices versus unit values. Relative to unit values, using market prices leads to higher food and overall consumption expenditures--both in nominal and real terms--while generating higher poverty lines and higher food and overall poverty rates. Compared to their counterparts based on unit values, spatially-disaggregated poverty estimates based on market prices exhibit a stronger correlation with nightlights --an objective proxy for living standards
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-10698
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
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    MPI Ethno. Forsch.
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