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  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (947)
  • Industry and Services  (947)
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  • 101
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Framework for industry’s net-zero transition: Developing financing solutions in emerging and developing economies
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Industri manufaktur adalah sumber utama emisi karbon dioksida global. Produksi industri akan terus bergeser ke negara-negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang. Investasi baru diperlukan dalam teknologi rendah karbon untuk menyelaraskan pertumbuhan industri dengan target negara emisi nol bersih. Untuk mengurangi risiko yang terkait dengan tingginya biaya dan rendahnya kematangan dari banyak teknologi rendah karbon yang dibutuhkan, peningkatan pendanaan dari sumber keuangan publik dan swasta akan menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Publikasi baru dari OECD tentang “Kerangka Kerja untuk Transisi Netralitas Karbon (Net-zero) Sektor Industri” adalah pendekatan selangkah demi selangkah untuk membantu negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang dalam merancang solusi untuk pembiayaan dan untuk meningkatkan kondisi pemungkin yang dapat mempercepat transisi sektor industri. Hasil implementasi Kerangka Kerja ini di negara berkembang pesat dan berkembang akan berkontribusi pada kebijakan iklim dan keuangan yang lebih luas dan dapat membantu memfasilitasi kerja sama internasional untuk transisi berskala besar.
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  • 102
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Potential spatial impacts of the war in Ukraine: A case study from Italy
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: L’impatto della guerra in Ucraina è chiaramente avvertibile nei Paesi OCSE, soprattutto nelle regioni di confine in prima linea nella gestione della crisi umanitaria dei rifugiati. Anche gli effetti sull’economia, specie quelli legati all’aumento dei prezzi dell’energia, si dispiegano in modo differenziato a livello territoriale, interessando alcune regioni più di altre. L’Italia non fa eccezione: i settori produttivi a elevato consumo di gas naturale sono per lo più concentrati nelle regioni settentrionali, mentre le aziende agricole e della produzione alimentare a base di grano sono relativamente più diffuse nelle regioni meridionali e insulari. Sebbene nel complesso la Russia rappresenti una quota minoritaria delle esportazioni italiane, alcuni territori e settori sono più esposti di altri a una diminuzione degli scambi bilaterali, come nel caso delle destinazioni più popolari tra i turisti russi ad elevata spesa pro capite.
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  • 103
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264662278 , 9789264928114 , 9789264842502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (131 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Forschungskooperation ; Entrepreneurship ; Innovation ; Lateinamerika ; Education ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Argentina ; Brazil ; Chile ; Colombia ; Mexico ; Uruguay
    Abstract: The review examines how higher education institutions are supporting innovation and entrepreneurship in their surrounding communities. The study focuses on eleven universities located in six countries in Latin America: Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The study finds that selected institutions are actively supporting entrepreneurs (university students, but also local entrepreneurs) through courses, incubation and acceleration activities. It also shows that universities are actively engaging with external stakeholders in their surrounding communities, to spur innovation through joint-research, organisation of events (such as festivals, competition). It finds that that while COVID-19 pandemic brought about some challenges, universities managed to stay afloat and keep a steady stream of support to entrepreneurs and partners. The review also illustrates the challenges that universities face when developing these activities (lack of funding, unclear regulation for intellectual property development, etc.) and highlights some opportunities that universities should leverage, particularly in the current context.
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  • 104
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264671157 , 9789264923485 , 9789264632097
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Much has changed in the space economy over the past decade, with an ever-growing number of countries and business enterprises involved in space activities. Despite progress made in the quality and availability of data, the international comparability of space economy statistics remains limited. A decade after its first publication, it is therefore time to provide an up-to-date revision of the OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy to reflect the changing landscape of space activities, space technologies and subsequent evolving user needs. This new edition aims to encourage and facilitate data collection among both incumbents and new actors involved in space activities, respond to the needs of the public agencies that still fund the bulk of space programmes, and support industry and private decision-takers who will also benefit from improved statistics on the space economy.
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  • 105
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264336674 , 9789264860407 , 9789264561939
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (145 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Investitionspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Portugal ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Portugal ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report assesses the enabling conditions for maximising the benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI) on SME productivity and innovation in Portugal. It looks at the quality of investment that Portugal attracts and the capacity of Portuguese SMEs to benefit from any knowledge and technology spillovers resulting from these investments. It studies the extent to which FDI-SME spillovers occur through value chain linkages, strategic partnerships, labour mobility, competition and imitation effects. The report provides an overview of Portuguese public institutions responsible for investment, SMEs, innovation and regional development policies, taking a close look at arrangements to ensure multi-level policy coordination, stakeholder consultation and evaluation of policy impacts. It then reviews the mix of government policies that are currently in place to support FDI-SME linkages and spillovers, noting areas for further policy reforms. The last chapter introduces a regional lens, focusing in particular on the regions of Norte and Alentejo. This report is part of a broader European Commission-OECD programme on strengthening FDI-SME linkages and serves as a pilot for future country assessments.
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  • 106
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Assessing environmental impact of measures in the OECD Green Recovery Database
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Energy ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Transport
    Abstract: La présente note d'orientation présente les principales conclusions et informations de la mise à jour d’avril 2022 de la Base de données de l’OCDE sur la relance verte, qui recense les mesures de relance ayant un impact clair sur l’environnement adoptées par les pays membres de l’OCDE, l’Union européenne et certaines grandes économies. Depuis la précédente mise à jour de septembre 2021, le budget alloué aux mesures favorables à l’environnement est passé de 677 milliard USD à 1 090 milliards USD, tandis que les dépenses de relance ayant des effets « mitigés » sont passées de 163 milliards USD à 290 milliards USD. La Note étudie dans quelle mesure des plans de relance bien conçus peuvent présenter le double avantage de renforcer la sécurité énergétique et de permettre de meilleurs résultats pour l’environnement, dans le contexte des préoccupations énergétiques soulevées par la guerre en Ukraine.
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  • 107
    Language: Slovenian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Slovenia: In-depth policy review
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Slovenia
    Abstract: To poročilo vsebuje poglobljeno analizo ekosistema politik za socialno podjetništvo in socialna podjetja v Sloveniji. V njem so opredeljene prednosti in izzivi Slovenije ter podana priporočila za podporo razvoju močnejšega ekosistema politik. Po pregledu družbeno-gospodarskega in političnega ozadja (1. poglavje) poročilo opiše temeljni okvir za socialna podjetja in socialno ekonomijo (2. poglavje) ter analizira institucionalne in pravne okvire za socialna podjetja (3. poglavje), dostop do financiranja za socialna podjetja (4. poglavje) ter dostop do trga v javnem in zasebnem sektorju (5. poglavje), skupaj z merjenjem in poročanjem o družbenih učinkih za razvoj socialnih podjetij (6. poglavje).
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  • 108
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264470507
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 16 x 23cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 2011 Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Les principes directeurs de l'OCDE à l'intention des entreprises multinationales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Chinese version)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Linee Guida OCSE destinate alle Imprese Multinazionali 2011
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 2011 Edition (Russian version)
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance
    Abstract: Esta edição de 2011 das Diretrizes da OCDE para Empresas Multinacionais compromete 42 países a novos e mais rigorosos padrões de comportamento empresarial. As Diretrizes atualizadas incluem novas recomendações sobre o abuso dos direitos humanos e a responsabilidade das empresas em suas cadeias de fornecimento, tornando-as o primeiro acordo intergovernamental nesta área. As Diretrizes estabelecem que as empresas devem respeitar os direitos humanos em todos os países em que operam. As empresas devem também respeitar as normas ambientais e laborais, por exemplo, e ter em vigor processos adequados de devida diligência para garantir que tal aconteça. Estes incluem questões como o pagamento de salários dignos, o combate à solicitação e extorsão de subornos, e a promoção do consumo sustentável. As Diretrizes são um código de conduta abrangente e não vinculativo que os países membros da OCDE e outros concordaram em promover entre o sector empresarial. Foi também posto em prática um novo e mais duro processo de queixas e mediação.
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  • 109
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The future of remote work: Opportunities and policy options for Trentino
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Le politiche pubbliche possono giocare un ruolo importante nell’orientare la diffusione su larga scala del lavoro a distanza. Diverse comunità in tutto il mondo stanno sperimentando soluzioni innovative. In Italia, la Provincia autonoma di Trento ha sviluppato una strategia per il lavoro a distanza tesa a promuovere lo sviluppo economico e sociale a livello locale. Questo rapporto valuta le opportunità e le sfide di una transizione graduale verso un ambiente di lavoro sempre più ibrido in relazione a una serie di obiettivi di natura collettiva, tra i quali il miglioramento degli standard di vita e il rafforzamento della coesione territoriale e della competitività. Il documento fornisce alcune raccomandazioni rispetto a sei ambiti suscettibili di intervento pubblico, che riflettono le condizioni necessarie per raggiungere tali obiettivi.
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  • 110
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264935921 , 9789264443891 , 9789264856998
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (195 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; KMU ; Mittelstandsfinanzierung ; Unternehmenswachstum ; OECD-Staaten ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that scale up have long raised policy interest for their extraordinary potential in terms of job creation, innovation, competitiveness and economic growth. Yet, little is known about which firms could effectively become scalers, and what policies could effectively promote SME growth. This report is part of a series aiming to help policy makers unleash scalers’ potential. Building on new evidence from microdata work, it rethinks the nature and scope of scale up policies, suggesting the need for a broader and more cross cutting approach. The report then explores two thematic areas that are relevant for SME scaling up, i.e. SME data governance and their access to ‘scale up’ finance. Based on an international mapping of 369 institutions and 1174 policy initiatives across OECD countries, the analysis shows that SME and entrepreneurship policy is not among the core mandates of many implementing institutions, calling for sound coordination across the board and further mainstreaming of SME growth considerations in both policy areas. Moreover, national policy mixes vary significantly across countries, reflecting different approaches to promoting SME growth and to SME targeting, but also revealing possible policy blind spots.
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  • 111
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264603936 , 9789264322394 , 9789264686793
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Weltraumtechnik ; Telekommunikationsnetz ; Risiko ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Environment
    Abstract: Society’s dependence on space infrastructure is at a critical juncture. Public and private actors worldwide are planning to launch tens of thousands of satellites into Earth’s orbit in the next five years. This will greatly expand and enrich the use of space resources, but it will also result in more crowded orbits and greater risk of damage from satellite collision and space debris. As satellite launches continue to multiply and concerns grow, the long-term sustainability of space-based infrastructure on orbit and beyond is set to emerge as an increasingly important space policy issue of the 21st century. This publication takes stock of the growing socio-economic dependence of our modern societies on space assets, and the general threats to space-based infrastructure from debris in particular. Notably, it provides fresh insights into the value of space-based infrastructure and the potential costs generated by space debris, drawing on new academic research developed especially for the OECD project on the economics of space sustainability.
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  • 112
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264915756 , 9789264899094 , 9789264649828
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Data are generated wherever digital technologies are deployed namely, in almost every part of modern life. Using these data can empower individuals, drive innovation, enable new digital products and improve policy making and public service delivery. But as data become more widely used across sectors and applications, the potential for misuse and harm also grows. To advance data governance for growth and well-being, this report advocates a holistic and coherent approach to data governance, domestically and across borders. It examines how data have emerged as a strategic asset, with the ability to transform lives and confer economic advantage. It explains how the unique characteristics of data can pose complex trade-offs and challenge policies that pre-date the data-driven era. This report provides new insights, evidence and analysis and outlines considerations for better data governance policies in the digital age.
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  • 113
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/11
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Young people increasingly prioritise pursuing careers with positive social and environmental impacts. Social enterprises can help them fulfil this ambition. Youth-led social enterprises can address pressing social and environmental issues while providing young people with opportunities in the labour market. Despite these benefits, these entities often struggle due to the age of their founders and the specificities of their businesses. This paper analyses the drivers and potential benefits of youth-led social enterprises (section 1), assesses the challenges they face (section 2) and provides policy guidance to address them through tailored support programmes based on best practice examples and experiences from OECD countries and beyond (section 3).
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  • 114
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264849952 , 9789264369085 , 9789264644151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The ubiquitous collection, use, and sharing of data that power today’s economies challenge existing governance frameworks and policy approaches. Drawing on the extensive research and analysis conducted at the OECD on data governance, on countries’ policies and practices, and the OECD legal instruments in this area, the Going Digital Guide to Data Governance Policy Making supports policy makers in navigating three fundamental policy tensions that characterise efforts to develop, revise, and implement policies for data governance across policy domains in the digital age: balancing data openness and control while maximising trust; managing overlapping and potentially conflicting interests and regulations related to data; incentivising investments in data and their effective re-use. The operative part of the guide consists of a checklist of questions to orient policy makers as they develop and revise effective policies for data governance, based on possible policy approaches and real-life examples.
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  • 115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/01
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Sozialwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy brief on the social economy and its contribution to the circular economy was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. The brief defines concepts of both the circular and social economy and describes the potential of the social economy to support circular activities and related business models and to reinforce uptake of circularity in our economies and societies. It finally identifies policy orientations that build on the complementarity of the social and circular economies, and help the social economy support circularity and drive a green and inclusive transition.
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  • 116
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264777811 , 9789264443242 , 9789264510142
    Language: Portuguese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Regulatory Governance in the Mining Sector in Brazil
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Governance ; Brazil
    Abstract: A mineração desempenha um papel fundamental na economia do Brasil. No entanto, os esforços e recursos dedicados à qualidade regulatória no setor, incluindo a aplicação de regras, nem sempre foram proporcionais ao peso que esse setor representa nas finanças do país. Este relatório identifica problemas, barreiras, falhas de implementação e ineficiências do marco regulatório do setor de mineração no Brasil. Além disso, o documento também fornece uma avaliação geral das recentes reformas no setor de mineração no Brasil, identificando as áreas que representam os maiores desafios para uma regulação eficaz neste setor. O documento também aborda as reformas que criaram a Agência Nacional de Mineração do Brasil, explicando como funciona sua administração e suas práticas regulatórias atuais. Esses dados e informações são avaliados de acordo com os princípios da Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) em política regulatória e regulação de mineração, bem como em comparação com as experiências da Austrália, Chile e México. Finalmente, são fornecidas recomendações no sentido de apoiar esforços de reformas adicionais.
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  • 117
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264876774 , 9789264542334 , 9789264776791
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (193 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; France
    Abstract: Les enjeux de la mondialisation et des mégatendances ainsi que l’impact de la crise COVID affectent les territoires de manière asymétrique. Les Régions, responsables du développement économique et de l’internationalisation et les services et opérateurs de l’État qui les appuient, doivent pouvoir disposer d’indicateurs pertinents pour identifier les priorités de leurs politiques d’attractivité et assurer leur suivi. Ces politiques concernent un ensemble varié d’acteurs à différents niveaux de gouvernement. L’amélioration continue de l’action publique est un processus nécessaire pour faire de l’attractivité internationale vis-à-vis des investisseurs, des talents et des visiteurs, un levier de développement régional équilibré, inclusif et durable. À la demande de la France et avec le soutien de la DG REFORM de la CE, l’OCDE a développé une approche innovante pour accompagner les Régions françaises, leurs partenaires nationaux et les différents acteurs dans cet exercice. Six outils, dix recommandations et un plan d’action pour leur mise en œuvre sont proposés. Ce travail initié avec la France est désormais étendu à de nombreuses régions dans différents pays membres et non membres de l’OCDE.
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  • 118
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/04
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems”, funded by the European Union, through its work stream on legal frameworks, endeavours to: 1) increase knowledge and understanding on legal frameworks for the social and solidarity economy; 2) explore approaches and trends of legal frameworks to regulate the social and solidarity economy as a whole and social economy organisations; and 3) understand how legal frameworks can be used to promote and develop the social and solidarity economy in different contexts. This paper defines the legal notions, traditions and approaches to better understand legal frameworks that regulate the field. It presents and analyses the diversity, relevance and implications of legal frameworks that regulate the social economy; takes stock of the processes that lead to their design and implementation; identifies possible criteria for assessing their performance; and highlights the crosscutting issues and policy examples that could inspire countries.
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  • 119
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264757417 , 9789264637153 , 9789264923669
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (274 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED)
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cultural and creative sectors and industries are a significant source of jobs and income. They are a driver of innovation and creative skills, within cultural sectors and beyond. They also have significant social impacts, from supporting health and well-being, to promoting social inclusion and local social capital. As national and local governments reconsider growth models in the wake of COVID-19, cultural and creative sectors can be a tool for a resilient recovery if certain longer-term challenges in the sector are addressed. The report outlines international trends with new data, including at subnational scale. It addresses issues in cultural and creative sectors in terms of employment, business development, cultural participation and funding, both public and private. It provides analysis of how these sectors contribute to economic growth and inclusion, taking into account the impact of COVID-19 related crisis on jobs and firms. Finally, it offers recommendations on how to capitalise on the role of cultural and creative sectors in national and local recovery strategies.
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  • 120
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264609495 , 9789264591172 , 9789264819207
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 Seiten) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Gründungsförderung ; Wachstumsbranche ; Dänemark ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Denmark ; Amtliche Publikation
    Abstract: Start-ups and scale-ups often make outsized contributions to innovation and job creation. However, while entrepreneurial ecosystems in countries and regions are increasingly studied, less is known about differences by sector. What role do start-ups and scale-ups play in the development of different future growth sectors? What problems and bottlenecks does government policy need to address? To what extent do the start-up and scale-up contributions and obstacles vary by sector, and what is in common across sectors? This report examines the entrepreneurial ecosystems of three of Denmark's sector strongholds, sectors where future growth is likely to be generated - advanced production, energy technology and food and bio resources. A focus on Denmark includes the scale and nature of start-ups and scale-ups in different sectors, the bottlenecks, the current policies and how they can be refined. In addition, nine international policy experiences are presented as inspiring practices for Denmark and other countries - covering Austria, Canada, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Recommendations are offered for Denmark across areas such as entrepreneurial finance, networks, public procurement, and cluster management organisations, covering both cross-sector and sector-specific recommendations.
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  • 121
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face aux conséquences de la guerre en Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: La guerre menée par la Fédération de Russie contre l’Ukraine perturbe gravement l’accès à l’internet, qui a connu un essor rapide dans le pays au cours de la dernière décennie. L’offre numérique de services publics, avec de nouvelles prestations à la pointe du progrès lancées juste avant le début du conflit, a résisté aux premières perturbations. L’économie numérique ukrainienne était en forte expansion avant la guerre et la loi fiscale « Diia City » adoptée par le pays prévoit des mesures spécialement adaptées au secteur des technologies de l’information. Le gouvernement ukrainien doit aujourd’hui faire face à de nombreux défis. Les instruments d’action de l’OCDE peuvent aider l’Ukraine à mener à bien ses projets ambitieux de renforcement et de reconstruction de son espace numérique à court terme (accès à l’internet), à moyen terme (accès aux talents et au financement) et à long terme (mise en place d’une infrastructure de données robuste pour l’économie numérique).
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  • 122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (6 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses on the Impacts of the War in Ukraine
    Keywords: Kriegsfolgen ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Italien ; Ukraine ; Economics ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
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  • 123
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/08
    Keywords: Economics ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some regions more than others. Italy is no exception, with gas-intensive industries concentrated in northern regions, and wheat-based food and farming prevailing in southern regions and islands. While, overall, Russia accounted for a minor share of Italian exports, some regions and industries are more vulnerable than others to falls in bilateral trade, including destinations popular with high per-capita expenditure Russian tourists.
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  • 124
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: This policy brief on access to finance for inclusive and social entrepreneurship was produced by the OECD and the European Commission. It presents evidence on the access to finance challenges faced by entrepreneurs from under-represented and disadvantaged groups and social entrepreneurs, and discusses how public policy could harness the potential of fintech to address these challenges. This covers crowdfunding, blockchain and the application of big data to finance for inclusive and social entrepreneurship. The policy brief also discusses the growing need for governments to strengthen financial literacy among the target groups of inclusive and social entrepreneurship policy, including with respect to fintech. Different policy approaches are discussed, including embedding financial literacy training in financial intermediation.
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  • 125
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264472006 , 9789264316874 , 9789264408456
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Future-Proofing Adult Learning in Berlin, Germany
    Keywords: Weiterbildung ; Berlin ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Germany
    Abstract: Nach einer langen Phase des Beschäftigungswachstums, die zur niedrigsten Arbeitslosenquote seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung führte, wird der Berliner Arbeitsmarkt nun zunehmend angespannter. Beschleunigt durch die COVID-19-Pandemie stellen globale Megatrends wie die Automatisierung von Produktionsprozessen und die immer weiter fortgeschrittenen digitalen Kompetenzen, die für viele Jobs erforderlich sind, die Berliner Politik vor neue Herausforderungen. Das lokale Weiterbildungssystem nimmt dabei eine zentrale Rolle ein: Es soll die Berliner Bevölkerung auf den sich wandelnden Arbeitsmarkt vorbereiten. Der Bericht „Zukunftssichere Weiterbildung in Berlin, Deutschland“ analysiert die Weiterbildung in Berlin im Detail und arbeitet Stärken und Engpässe des lokalen Weiterbildungssystems heraus. Der Bericht betont die Notwendigkeit einer langfristigen Vision für die Weiterbildung in Berlin, welche die verschiedenen Akteure der Weiterbildungslandschaft zusammenbringt um Angebote dynamisch an die Bedürfnisse der Berliner Bevölkerung anzupassen.
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  • 126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environment Policy Papers no.32
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Kerangka kerja untuk transisi netralitas karbon sektor industri: Mengembangkan solusi pendanaan di negara dengan ekonomi berkembang pesat dan berkembang
    Keywords: Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: The manufacturing industry is a major source of global carbon dioxide emissions. Industrial production will continue to shift to emerging and developing economies. New investments are needed in low-carbon technologies to align industry’s growth with countries’ net-zero emission targets. In order to reduce the risks associated with the high cost and low maturity of the many needed low-carbon technologies, scaling up finance from both public and private financial sources will be crucial. OECD’s new “Framework for industry’s net-zero transition” is a step-by-step approach to assist emerging and developing economies in designing solutions for financing and to improve the enabling conditions that can accelerate industry’s transition. Outcomes of the Framework implementation in emerging and developing economies will contribute to the broader climate and finance policies and it can help to facilitate international co-operation for transition at scale.
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  • 127
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (47 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2022/09
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has critically tested OECD economies, with major differences in economic repercussions at the subnational level. The pandemic can be characterised as a combination of shocks to local economies: (i) a recession, (ii) a supply-side shock mirroring a natural disaster, and (iii) the economic and workplace adjustments accelerated by pre-existing megatrends (e.g. automation, green transition). This paper reviews the empirical evidence for effective policies from across the OECD to strengthen local economic resilience through support for people, firms and places. There is a strong need for effective policies in times of recessions, natural disasters and long-term structural change. Policies that strengthen economic resilience strongly overlap with policies for local productivity growth and vice-versa. Moreover, some policies aiming to increase resilience through adding redundancy in production or infrastructure can serve productivity in the long-term.
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  • 128
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.35
    Keywords: Mittelstandsfinanzierung ; Umweltschutzinvestition ; Welt ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Addressing the climate crisis requires the net zero transition of millions of SMEs globally. SMEs have a significant aggregate environmental footprint and need to adopt cleaner business models. As eco-entrepreneurs and eco-innovators, they also have a key role to play in devising innovative climate solutions. Access to finance is essential for SME investments in net zero, but small businesses face considerable challenges in tapping into the growing pool of sustainable finance. This challenge is likely to grow as financial institutions seek to comply with mandatory environmental reporting requirements. This policy paper examines the sustainable finance landscape for SMEs, the various actors in the ecosystem and the key drivers and barriers affecting the supply of and demand for sustainable finance. It provides an overview of the key policies and instruments in place to support SME access to sustainable finance and identifies considerations for future public support and policy making.
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  • 129
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (67 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2022/06
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This work employs a novel approach to identify and characterise firms adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI), using different sources of large microdata. Focusing on the United Kingdom, the analysis combines data on Intellectual Property Rights, website information, online job postings, and firm-level financials for the first time. It shows that a significant share of AI adopters is active in Information and Communication Technologies and professional services, and is located in the South of the United Kingdom, particularly around London. Adopters tend to be highly productive and larger than other firms, while young adopters tend to hire AI workers more intensively. Human capital appears to play an important role, not only for AI adoption but also for firms’ productivity returns. Significant differences in the characteristics of AI adopters emerge when distinguishing between firms carrying out AI innovation, those with an AI core business, and those searching for AI talent.
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  • 130
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264881990 , 9789264700895 , 9789264126169
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (132 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Governança regulatória no setor de mineração no Brasil
    Keywords: Bergbau ; Bergbaupolitik ; Regulierung ; Brasilien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Brazil
    Abstract: Mining plays a crucial role in Brazil’s economy. Nonetheless, the efforts and resources devoted to regulatory quality in the sector, including the enforcement of rules, have not always been commensurate. This report identifies the gaps, barriers, implementation flaws and inefficiencies in the regulatory framework of the mining sector in Brazil. It takes stock of the recent reforms in the mining sector in Brazil, identifies areas that pose the greatest challenges for effective regulation in mining. It also describes the reforms that created the National Mining Agency of Brazil, its governance arrangements and its current regulatory practices. These are assessed against OECD principles in regulatory policy and mining regulation, as well as against country experiences from Australia, Chile, and Mexico. Finally, recommendations are provided to support further reform efforts.
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  • 131
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Title: Цифровізація для відновлення України
    Language: Ukrainian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalisation for recovery in Ukraine
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Ukraine
    Abstract: Šyrokomasštabna ahresija Rosii͏̈ proty Ukrai͏̈ny pereškodžaje švydkomu rozvytku cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky ta IT-sektoru krai͏̈ny, zokrema, spryčynjajučy serjozni zboi͏̈ pidključennja do Internetu. U cʹomu styslomu vykladi pytanʹ polityky stverdžujetʹsja, ščo ukrai͏̈nsʹkyj urjad rozrobyv ambitnyj plan cyfrovoho vidnovlennja, jakyj ochopljuje infrastrukturu, nadannja cyfrovych deržavnych posluh i cyfrovu ekonomiku, ale pevni problemy zalyšajutʹsja. Dyvljačysʹ u majbutnje, za pidtrymky polityčnych instrumentiv OESR, takych jak «Ramkova koncepcija cyfrovizacii͏̈», Ukrai͏̈na mohla b vykorystaty rekonstrukciju infrastruktury dlja modernizacii͏̈ svojei͏̈ komunikacijnoi͏̈ mereži, vyrišennja pytannja ekstra terytorialʹnoho zv’jazku ta pidtrymky pisljavojennoi͏̈ cyfrovoi͏̈ ekonomiky za dopomohoju bahatʹoch fiskalʹnych, rehuljatyvnych i finansovych zachodiv.
    Abstract: Широкомасштабна агресія Росії проти України перешкоджає швидкому розвитку цифрової економіки та ІТ-сектору країни, зокрема, спричиняючи серйозні збої підключення до Інтернету. У цьому стислому викладі питань політики стверджується, що український уряд розробив амбітний план цифрового відновлення, який охоплює інфраструктуру, надання цифрових державних послуг і цифрову економіку, але певні проблеми залишаються. Дивлячись у майбутнє, за підтримки політичних інструментів ОЕСР, таких як «Рамкова концепція цифровізації», Україна могла б використати реконструкцію інфраструктури для модернізації своєї комунікаційної мережі, вирішення питання екстра територіального зв’язку та підтримки післявоєнної цифрової економіки за допомогою багатьох фіскальних, регулятивних і фінансових заходів.
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  • 132
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.110
    Keywords: Ökosteuer ; Schifffahrt ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Welt ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report reviews the effectiveness of carbon pricing, how it might be applied to the shipping sector and with what effects. It also evaluates recent proposals by countries to introduce a price on shipping’s carbon emissions and examines related policy issues.
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  • 133
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.109
    Keywords: Städtischer Wirtschaftsverkehr ; Stadtverkehr ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report explores ways of making deliveries in cities less disruptive and more sustainable. How goods are distributed in urban environments profoundly affects metropolitan life. Urban freight flows impact cities’ economic vitality, their environmental footprint, the safety and efficiency of traffic and the ways public space is used. The report examines how new partnerships, innovative methods, the use of data and intelligent space allocation can ease the pressure on cities and their inhabitants by rapidly growing freight movements in urban areas. It also addresses whether solutions require new forms of data management, what new types of delivery vehicles might be required and how actors can co-ordinate more effectively.
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  • 134
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264898738 , 9789264606371 , 9789264834132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (199 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; KMU ; Investitionspolitik ; Spillover-Effekt ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Slowakei ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This report assesses the linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Slovak Republic. It provides policy recommendations to national and subnational governments on how to foster productivity and innovation spillovers from FDI to the local economy. The report looks at the quality of investment the country attracts, the absorptive capacity of Slovak SMEs, and a broad range of economic, business and policy conditions that can strengthen knowledge and technology diffusion from FDI to domestic SMEs. It also provides a diagnostic assessment of the core FDI-SME spillover diffusion channels, namely value chain linkages, strategic partnerships, labour mobility, and competition and imitation effects. The report provides an overview of the Slovak policy arrangements for promoting international investment, SME performance and innovation, and regional development. It does so by taking a close look at multi-level coordination, stakeholder consultation and impact evaluation. It then reviews the policy mix in support FDI-SME linkages and spillovers and proposes concrete areas for further policy reforms. The last chapter introduces a regional lens, focusing on the regions of Banská Bystrica and Košice. This report is part of a multi-year European Commission-OECD project on strengthening FDI-SME ecosystems and is the second pilot review for future country assessments.
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  • 135
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    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264529069 , 9789264483231 , 9789264701243
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 186 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on SMEs and entrepreneurship
    Keywords: entrepreneurs ; job creation ; innovation ; economic growth ; Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Viet Nam
    Abstract: This publication presents the findings of the OECD review of SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Viet Nam. It offers an in-depth examination of the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship in Viet Nam, the quality of the business environment, and national policies in support of new and small businesses. The report shows that Viet Nam is one of the most globally integrated economies in the world, building its solid growth performance on the attraction of foreign direct investments and export promotion. Viet Nam’s business environment has considerably improved in recent years, although important reforms are still needed in certain policy areas. Viet Nam's SMEs contribute to national employment and national GDP proportionally less than in the OECD area, although official statistics do not take into consideration the large informal sector that mostly consists of self-employed people and micro-enterprises. Viet Nam’s SME and entrepreneurship policies are relatively new, dating back to the early 2000s. In this respect, the 2018 SME Support Law is an important milestone which may help address some of the challenges that are holding back the development of a more vigorous domestic enterprise sector. Key policy priorities in this regard, building better business linkages between multinationals and local enterprises and stronger business development services, are the subjects of two thematic chapters of the report.
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  • 136
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264752016 , 9789264912984 , 9789264574830
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (264 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital in Latvia
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Digitalizācija Latvijā analizē jaunākās attīstības tendences Latvijas digitālajā ekonomikā, pārskata ar digitalizāciju saistītās politikas un sniedz ieteikumus par politikas saskaņotības palielināšanu šajā jomā, pamatojoties uz ESAO Going Digital integrētās politikas struktūru. Pārskatā tiek izmantots stratēģiska perspektīva, lai izpētītu trīs alternatīvus nākotnes scenārijus, kas var izveidoties globālās ekonomikas un sabiedrības digitālās transformācijas rezultātā. Tajā tiek pētīta arī sakaru tīklu un pakalpojumu pieejamība Latvijā, kā arī saistītās politikas un regulējumi. Turklāt pārskatā tiek aplūkotas fi zisku personu, uzņēmumu un valdības tendences digitālās tehnoloģijas izmantošanas jomā, kā arī izpētītas politikas, lai sekmētu izplatīšanu. Visbeidzot pārskatā tiek analizētas digitalizācijas radītās iespējas un izaicinājumi galvenajās jomās, sākot ar inovācijām un prasmēm un beidzot ar digitālo drošību un datu pārvaldību, kā arī novērtētas politikas reakcijas uz šīm pārmaiņām Latvijā. Šī publikācija ir Going Digital in Latvia tulkojums, kas ir daļa no OECD Reviews of Digital Transformation sērijas, kas publicēts tikai angļu valodā.
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  • 137
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (58 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe An insight into the innovative start-up landscape of Trentino: Is it time for the “Start-up Valley” to scale up?
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Questo rapporto fornisce un’indagine approfondita sulle caratteristiche delle startup innovative in Trentino, area montuosa e ad alto reddito situata nel Nord-Est d’Italia. È parte di una serie di rapporti tematici elaborati dal Centro OCSE di Trento per lo Sviluppo Locale sul panorama delle startup nelle regioni italiane. Rappresenta un primo tentativo di analisi degli effetti della strategia italiana per le startup innovative a livello regionale, e segue la pubblicazione OCSE del 2018 “La Valutazione dello Startup Act Italiano”, che adottava una prospettiva nazionale. Il Trentino vanta la più alta densità di startup innovative sul totale delle nuove imprese presenti a livello locale rilevata tra le regioni italiane. Tuttavia, la propagazione delle startup a livello territoriale è avvenuta in modo disomogeneo, con una forte concentrazione nelle aree urbane. Inoltre, tra i fondatori delle startup trentine le donne e i giovani sono gruppi meno diffusi rispetto alla media nazionale. Il dinamismo delle startup, in particolare i tassi di crescita e di mortalità, l’adozione delle tecnologie emergenti e la propensione all’utilizzo degli incentivi nazionali sono altri aspetti al centro di questo studio, che si conclude con una serie di raccomandazioni a favore dei decisori politici basate sull’osservazione delle evidenze empiriche.
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  • 138
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    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264897632 , 9789264969599 , 9789264819696
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (319 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Égalité femmes-hommes et environnement : Accumuler des connaissances et des politiques pour atteindre les ODD
    Keywords: Geschlecht ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Welt ; Entwicklungsländer ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Gender equality and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing, with slow progress on environmental actions affecting the achievement of gender equality, and vice versa. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires targeted and coherent actions. However, complementarities and trade-offs between gender equality and environmental sustainability are scarcely documented within the SDG framework. Based on the SDG framework, this report provides an overview of the gender-environment nexus, looking into data and evidence gaps, economic and well-being benefits, and governance and justice aspects. It examines nine environment-related SDGs (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15) through a gender-environment lens, using available data, case studies, surveys and other evidence. It shows that women around the world are disproportionately affected by climate change, deforestation, land degradation, desertification, growing water scarcity and inadequate sanitation, with gender inequalities further exacerbated by COVID-19. The report concludes that gender-responsiveness in areas such as land, water, energy and transport management, amongst others, would allow for more sustainable and inclusive economic development, and increased well-being for all. Recognising the multiple dimensions of and interactions between gender equality and the environment, it proposes an integrated policy framework, taking into account both inclusive growth and environmental considerations at local, national and international levels.
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  • 139
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264968325 , 9789264813502 , 9789264507555
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (165 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Unternehmerinnen ; Unternehmensgründung ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication examines how to strengthen the scope and effectiveness of entrepreneurship policies for women. It examines both dedicated measures for women and ensuring that mainstream policies for all entrepreneurs are appropriate for women. Evidence is offered on the gender gap in entrepreneurship and its causes. At the heart of the report are 27 policy insight notes by leading international experts on the role of public policy in facilitating entrepreneurship by women and how policies can be strengthened. They highlight many long‑standing issues related to the scope and effectiveness of women’s entrepreneurship policies – many of which have been exacerbated by the COVID‑19 pandemic – and point the way to more effective policy. Issues addressed include fostering a gender‑sensitive entrepreneurship culture, building entrepreneurship skills for women, improving women’s access to financial capital, supporting networks for women entrepreneurs and creating supportive regulatory environments. Issues in the design and delivery of policy support are also addressed. The report was prepared by the OECD in collaboration with members of the Global Women’s Entrepreneurship Policy Research Project (Global WEP), a network of established researchers from over 30 counties.
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  • 140
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.89
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Marokko ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; Morocco
    Abstract: This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from Morocco’s transport sector. It provides an overview of the transport system and reviews the country’s existing policies and future plans for reducing CO2 emissions from transport. The paper also provides an overview of the data on transport activity and emissions available for Morocco, and the tools used by government agencies for assessing them. Finally, it proposes options for further action in the context of ITF’s “Decarbonising Transport in Emerging Economies” (DTEE) project
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  • 141
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2021/03
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe G20 Rome guidelines for the future of tourism: OECD Report to G20 Tourism Working Group
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les lignes directrices du G20 à Rome pour l’avenir du tourisme identifient les principaux problèmes et opportunités de repenser et de remodeler la politique du tourisme en réponse aux impacts de la pandémie de COVID-19. Il présente des lignes directrices pour l’action qui sont éclairées par la nécessité a) de rétablir la confiance et de permettre la reprise, b) de tirer des leçons de l’expérience de la pandémie et c) de donner la priorité à un programme de développement durable pour guider le tourisme futur. Ils s’artiennent autour de sept domaines d’action interdépendants: i) mobilité sûre, ii) gestion des crises; iii) la résilience; iv) l’inclusivité; v) transformation verte; vi) la transition numérique; et vii) l’investissement et l’infrastructure. Les lignes directrices du G20 à Rome ont été approuvées dans le communiqué de Rome de la réunion des ministres du Tourisme du G20 de 2021.
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/07
    Keywords: Telearbeit ; Trient (Provinz) ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Public policy can play an important role in steering the large-scale diffusion of teleworking. Various communities around the world are experimenting with innovative solutions. In Italy, the Autonomous Province of Trento has plans to design a comprehensive plan for teleworking as a way to foster local economic and social development. Opportunities and challenges for a smooth transition to an ever more hybrid work environment are explored in view of a number of societal objectives, including an improvement in living standards, territorial cohesion and competitiveness. The paper identifies six policy areas for recommendations, reflecting the conditions needed to achieve these objectives.
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  • 143
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.257
    Keywords: Dienstleistungshandel ; Handelshemmnisse ; Handelseffekt ; Großbritannien ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Services play a more important role in trade and employment in the United Kingdom than in most other OECD countries. The UK services sector is supported by an open and transparent trade regime, policies that support competition and innovation, and regulatory transparency that facilitates the creation of new services businesses and start-ups. That said, certain barriers to services trade remain. This report sheds light on the role of services trade in the UK economy, describing recent trends and highlighting future challenges, and explores policy options to support a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 crisis.
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  • 144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.96
    Keywords: Containerterminal ; Automatisierung ; Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides an overview of the current state of automation in container ports. It shows which terminal activities have been automated in different ports and which additional activities might be automated in the future. It assesses if automation projects have achieved their objectives and identifies policy issues related to container terminal automation.
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  • 145
    ISBN: 9789264890541 , 9789264731714 , 9789264868076
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (196 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals ; Industriepolitik ; Privatwirtschaft ; Welt ; Environment ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Canada ; Costa Rica ; France ; Germany ; Japan ; Korea, Republic of ; New Zealand
    Abstract: How can governments support the private sector’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? This book investigates the contribution of firms to the SDGs, particularly through their core business, taking into account inter-sectoral linkages and global value chains, using novel techniques and data sources. Despite the fact that the private sector has the potential to contribute to a wide range of SDGs, and that many firms find it economically viable to develop sustainable products and services, firms still face significant hurdles in their sustainability transition. Based on this new evidence, this book provides some recommendations on the design of industrial policies to enhance the contribution of businesses to the SDGs.
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  • 146
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (61 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.23
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper reviews issues and trends in business advice policies for business start-ups and existing SMEs, including public support for business consultancy and mentoring. Business advice policies aim to improve the growth, survival and productivity performance of new and small firms by strengthening their strategic management capabilities. The paper examines the rationale for government policies in this field, different policy delivery models, recent policy trends - such as increased use of third party delivery and performance management systems - and evidence on policy impacts. It focuses in particular on three key issues faced by policy makers - how to stimulate demand for business development services from firms and entrepreneurs who could benefit; how to target and segment support provided to different types of firms and entrepreneurs; and how to introduce digital business diagnostic tools into the advice system.
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  • 147
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264487079 , 9789264451322 , 9789264914216
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 136 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews on local job creation
    Keywords: Erwachsenenbildung ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Schock ; Coronavirus ; London ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; United Kingdom ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Cities are not only home to around half of the global population but are also at the forefront of the transformation of jobs, skills and labour markets. Furthermore, cities play a leading role in the COVID-19 response, as the pandemic is not only accelerating megatrends such as digitalisation and automation that change the world of work, but is also challenging city economies. In London, COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented labour market shock, with several service sectors having been devastated. The crisis and its impact on employment and firms make skills development and adult learning more important than ever. London is the first major city within the OECD to introduce a comprehensive skills strategy. The report Future-Proofing Adult Learning in London, UK analyses London’s capacity to design effective adult learning programmes, which are critical for a strong and sustainable economic recovery and for preparing for the future of work. The report sheds light on major challenges facing London, especially in light of COVID-19, while also pointing to opportunities for London to design a future-ready adult learning system that responds to the impacts of the pandemic and aligns training to rapidly evolving labour market demands.
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  • 148
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (109 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/02
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe La dimensione territoriale della produttività nelle cooperative italiane
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: This report explores the spatial dimension of productivity in the co-operatives of Italy, a country where they make up a relatively large share of total national employment. Co-operatives play a countercyclical role in job creation during crises. In a post-pandemic world, they could make a major contribution to steering the economy towards inclusiveness and sustainability. Productivity growth ensures that co-operatives can achieve both economic and social goals in the future. This report applies a place-based approach to investigate the issue of productivity in co-operatives, given their many interdependencies with local communities. Novel evidence points to the local factors that are linked with the concentration and productivity of co-operatives across regions, sectors and firm size classes in Italy. A comparison with other Italian firms as well as with Spanish co-operatives and other Spanish firms serves to illustrate how productivity performance varies across space and firm types. This report constitutes an empirical test for the analytical approach developed by the OECD Spatial Productivity Lab.
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  • 149
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (73 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Employment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents new evidence about occupations requiring artificial intelligence (AI)-related competencies, based on online job posting data and previous work on identifying and measuring developments in AI. It finds that the total number of AI-related jobs increased over time in the four countries considered – Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States – and that a growing number of jobs require multiple AI-related skills. Skills related to communication, problem solving, creativity and teamwork gained relative importance over time, as did complementary software-related and AI-specific competencies. As expected, many AI-related jobs are posted in categories such as “professionals” and “technicians and associated professionals”, though AI-related skills are in demand, to varying degrees, across almost all sectors of the economy. In all countries considered, the sectors “Information and Communication”, “Financial and Insurance Activities” and “Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities” are the most AI job-intensive.
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tourism Papers no.2021/01
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gérer le développement du tourisme dans l'optique d’une reprise durable et inclusive
    Keywords: Tourismuspolitik ; Tourismusmanagement ; Tourismuswirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ökotourismus ; Coronavirus ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Despite the significant negative impacts of COVID-19 on tourism, the crisis is providing an opportunity to rethink tourism for the future. Achieving this greener and more sustainable tourism recovery, calls for a greater policy focus on the environmental and socio-cultural pillars of sustainability. The paper focuses on five main pillars of policy solutions, and best practices, to help destinations rebuild and flourish in this dramatically changed policy context for tourism development. Recommended policy solutions aim to: i) rethink tourism success, ii) adopt an integrated policy-industry-community approach, iii) mainstream sustainable policies and practices, iv) develop more sustainable tourism business models, and v) implement better measure to better manage. The report presents a selection of 9 case studies on destination strategies to support a sustainable and inclusive recovery.
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  • 151
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (253 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.25
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Wirkungsanalyse ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on SMEs and entrepreneurs, and the SME and entrepreneurship policy measures implemented during the course of a year since the start of the pandemic. The paper formulates 15 lessons learned for policy going forward, to assist governments build evidence-based policies to support SME recovery and resilience.
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  • 152
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Exploring policy options on teleworking: Steering local economic and employment development in the time of remote work
    Keywords: Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Questo documento esplora e classifica alcune delle politiche più comuni tra i responsabili politici nazionali, regionali e locali durante o prima della pandemia di COVID-19 per rendere praticabile, promuovere e sfruttare al meglio il telelavoro. Vengono inoltre analizzate alcune misure miranti ad attrarre e trattenere in determinati territori i lavoratori e gli imprenditori che operano a distanza. L’attuale crisi ha comportato, tra gli altri aspetti, una sperimentazione di massa del telelavoro, senza precedenti per dimensioni e portata. La transizione verso un modello di telelavoro diffuso su vasta scala e su base permanente avrebbe profonde implicazioni per la geografia del lavoro a livello locale. Le PMI potrebbero essere meno attrezzate delle grandi imprese per affrontare tale cambiamento. Le politiche pubbliche possono assumere un ruolo cruciale nel trasformare il telelavoro in un'opportunità per tutti, e ridurre il rischio di un potenziale ampliamento delle disparità preesistenti tra persone, territori e aziende.
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  • 153
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (79 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Unternehmensgründung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Brandenburg ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Germany
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. It identifies the state’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem. It includes a conceptual framework for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 2); with recommendations and analyses to build institutional and legal frameworks for social enterprises (Chapter 3), improve access to finance for social entrepreneurship development (Chapter 4), promote access to private and public markets for social entrepreneurship development (Chapter 5), and strengthen social impact measurement and reporting for social enterprise development (Chapter 6).
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  • 154
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Statistiques de l'OCDE sur la productivité 2020
    Keywords: Industry and Services
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  • 155
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (66 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/06
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Social innovations have proven to be valuable in identifying, designing and implementing new solutions to social and environmental problems. The recent COVID-19 outbreak has put a spotlight on the potential of social innovation as a resilience mechanism, including for local development. This paper presents a preliminary framework for analysing social innovation ecosystems at the local level. It can help policy makers to better understand the different concepts around social innovation, and to develop policies to support social innovation and its implementation. The first section considers the features of social innovation and the benefits it can bring. The second section provides an analytical framework for social innovation at the local level. The final section sets a number of guidelines that support the implementation of social innovation ecosystems at local level, including examples of specific policy instruments.
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  • 156
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264849525 , 9789264896215 , 9789264961142
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (155 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Automatisierte Produktion ; Arbeitsmarkt ; Regionaler Arbeitsmarkt ; Australien ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Australia
    Abstract: COVID-19 is likely to leave long-lasting effects on local labour markets. It is accelerating a pre-existing trend towards automation, as firms look even more to new technologies to pandemic proof their operations. While automation offers the opportunity to boost productivity, it can also lead to job polarisation as vulnerable workers who lose their jobs may not have the skills needed in a changing labour market. This OECD report examines the potential impacts of automation on people and places across Australia. It also sheds light on policies and programmes that can help regions and cities to prepare for the future of work.
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  • 157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (63 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.29
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: All OECD countries have put in place policies that support SMEs and entrepreneurs. These policies differ considerably along a number of dimensions, including the policy framework in which they are embedded. This paper maps and compares policy approaches and governance mechanisms across OECD countries. It shows that there are significant similarities in objectives pursued and instruments used, and that countries use various governance models to ensure coherence. The paper was developed in the context of the OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Strategy.
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  • 158
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264391352 , 9789264807204 , 9789264600645
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Keywords: Erwerbstätigkeit ; Räumliche Verteilung ; Aktivierende Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Polen ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Poland
    Abstract: Despite its rapid economic growth over the past decades, Poland’s economic inactivity rate remains above the OECD average and regional differences in labour force participation persist. This report sheds light on the drivers of economic inactivity across Polish regions and analyses them in light of both individual and structural factors associated with labour force participation. It highlights the need for more inclusive active labour market policies to help integrate the economically inactive into labour markets across Poland. A better integration of services provided by national and local institutions, as well as a strengthened role of the social economy, is needed to address the complex needs of economically inactive persons.
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  • 159
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Tourism Papers no.2021/04
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Portugal
    Abstract: After a decade of steady growth, the tourism sector in Portugal is facing its most acute challenge in modern times, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As inbound visitors return to Portugal, the tourism workforce will need digital skills to make effective use of new technologies, and exploit the opportunities digitalisation is opening up for marketing, as well as product and destination development. Successful digital uptake by businesses will be a driving force in building recovery and resilience in the longer term. While there has been progress in recent years, especially in response to the pandemic, there remains considerable scope to go further. To support this digital transformation, this report examines and assesses current policy approaches to support digital skills and workforce development in the sector, and presents a selection of policy considerations to: i) address digital transformation gaps, shortages and opportunities for workforce organisation and skills development, and ii) enhance governance mechanisms to support the digital skills transformation of the tourism workforce.
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  • 160
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264557031 , 9789264580459 , 9789264671225
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (330 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2021
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Les petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) et les entrepreneurs ont été durement touchés pendant la crise du COVID-19. Les réponses politiques ont été rapides et sans précédent, aidant à amortir le choc et à maintenir la plupart des PME et des entrepreneurs à flot. Malgré l’ampleur du choc, les données disponibles jusqu’à présent indiquent une création soutenue de start-ups, aucune vague de faillites et une impulsion à l’innovation dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE. Cependant, le soutien des gouvernements a été moins efficace pour les travailleurs autonomes, les petites et jeunes entreprises, les femmes et les entrepreneurs issus de minorités. Les pays n’ont pas non plus tous été en mesure de soutenir les PME. Alors que les campagnes de vaccination se déploient et que les perspectives économiques s’éclaircissent, les gouvernements doivent prendre le virage d’une sortie de crise et créer les conditions nécessaires pour reconstruire en mieux. Les Perspectives 2021 de l’OCDE pour les PME et l’entrepreneuriat apportent de nouvelles données probantes sur l’impact de la crise sur les PME et les entrepreneurs et les réponses politiques apportées. Elles réfléchissent à des questions à plus long terme, telles que l’endettement des PME ou le rôle des PME dans des chaînes d’approvisionnement plus résilientes, ou la diffusion de l’innovation. Le rapport contient des profils de pays qui comparent l’impact, les facteurs de vulnérabilité et les sources de résilience dans les pays de l’OCDE, et mettent l’accent sur le soutien à la liquidité et les plans de redressement pour les PME.
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  • 161
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (122 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.97
    Keywords: Kommunale Verkehrspolitik ; Nahverkehrspolitik ; Brüssel (Region) ; Industry and Services ; Transport
    Abstract: This report provides recommendations for regulatory and data governance frameworks to support the development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in the Brussels-Capital Region. These highlight the need to enable the development of a competitive and innovative MaaS ecosystem, with both public and private actors, in order to maximise the likelihood that sustainable MaaS business models will be developed. The work identifies the necessary scope of a new legal framework for MaaS and recommends how the existing regulation of mobility operators should be modified in order to integrate effectively with the MaaS framework. Finally, the work also addresses key data governance requirements, including data protection, transfer and reporting needed to support the development of MaaS.
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  • 162
    ISBN: 9789264582422 , 9789264937826 , 9789264601673
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (356 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gender and the Environment: Building Evidence and Policies to Achieve the SDGs
    Keywords: Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les objectifs en matière d’égalité femmes-hommes et d’environnement se renforcent mutuellement, avec des progrès lents sur les actions environnementales affectant la réalisation de l'égalité femmes-hommes, et vice versa. Les progrès vers les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite des actions ciblées et cohérentes. Cependant, les complémentarités et les compromis entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et la durabilité environnementale sont à peine documentés dans le cadre des ODD. Basé sur le cadre des ODD, ce rapport propose une vue d’ensemble de ces liens, en examinant les déficits de données et d'éléments factuels, les bénéfices économiques et de bien-être, ainsi que les aspects de gouvernance et de justice. Il examine neuf ODD liés à l'environnement (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 et 15) à travers un prisme genre-environnement, en utilisant des données disponibles, des études de cas, des enquêtes et d'autres éléments. Il démontre que les femmes partout dans le monde sont affectées de manière disproportionnée par le changement climatique, la déforestation, la dégradation des terres, la désertification, la raréfaction de l'eau et l'insuffisance de l'assainissement. Ces inégalités entre femmes et hommes ont été encore exacerbées par le COVID-19. Le rapport conclut qu’une approche sexospécifique des domaines clés comme d’utilisation des terres, de gestion de l'eau, de l'énergie et des transports, entre autres, permettrait la promotion d’un développement économique plus durable et plus inclusif, et d’accroître le bien-être pour tous. Reconnaissant les multiples dimensions et interactions entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et l'environnement, il propose un cadre d'action intégré, tenant compte à la fois de la croissance inclusive et des considérations environnementales aux niveaux local, national et international.
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  • 163
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2020/03
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on tourism and supporting recovery
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: À la date de publication du présent rapport, les perspectives dans le secteur du tourisme restent très incertaines. La pandémie de coronavirus (COVID-19) continue d’affecter durement ce secteur ; selon les prévisions, le repli du tourisme international devrait avoisiner 80 % en 2020. Le tourisme interne contribue à atténuer le choc, tout au moins partiellement, et les pouvoirs publics ont pris des mesures immédiates remarquables pour aider et relancer le secteur tout en protégeant les emplois et les entreprises. Bon nombre de pays s’emploient aussi maintenant à élaborer des mesures visant à construire une économie touristique plus résiliente dans la perspective de l’après-COVID-19. Elles consistent notamment à préparer des plans de soutien à une relance durable du secteur, en encourageant les transitions numérique et écologique de la filière et en repensant l’avenir du tourisme.
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  • 164
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Epidemie ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Firm entry has rebounded after the drop experienced during the first COVID-19 lockdowns of early 2020, yet the recovery in entry rates is highly heterogeneous across countries, with possible long-term implications for employment and output growth. Financial support to firms’ liquidity and temporary changes to insolvency procedures have been effective in reducing bankruptcies, on average, by more than 30% relative to the pre-pandemic period. Policy measures may have protected viable and productive firms and avoided the systemic risks posed by a wave of bankruptcies, but at the risk of potentially keeping non-viable (the so-called zombie) firms afloat. Governments should implement a balanced strategy to phase out emergency support policies and pursue a gradual approach focusing on restoring the equity of distressed firms, encouraging timely debt restructuring and improving the efficiency of liquidation procedures, with the aim of fostering resource reallocation.
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  • 165
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (50 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/04
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The COVID-19 crisis has provided an opportunity to rethink the Veneto Region’s economic strategy. This paper examines the links between cultural and creative sectors and the regional manufacturing economy of the Veneto Region in the North of Italy, highlighting the important role that cultural production, and in particular Venice, can play in the region’s post-pandemic recovery strategies.
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  • 166
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.24
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Access to trade finance, i.e. financial instruments and means of payments for international transactions, can enable SME engagement in international activities through direct exporting and participation in global value chains, and ultimately foster inclusive economic growth and innovation. The study examines trade finance for SMEs in the context of digital advancements and investigates how policy approaches can support SMEs in reaping the benefits of digitalisation in this respect. It also takes into account recent developments related to the COVID-19 crisis.
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  • 167
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (62 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tourism Papers no.2021/02
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Embracing digitalisation throughout the tourism ecosystem will help to drive the ability of business to build resilience in a post-COVID-19 era. This will include exploiting the opportunities digitalisation opens up for marketing, product and destination development, as well as investing in human capital and skills to retain and develop a skilled workforce. To support the digital transformation of the sector, this report examines: i) the role of digital technology in tourism and its impact on work organisation; ii) how digitalisation affects the demand for skills in the sector; and iii) the role of government in creating the conditions to support the digital transformation of tourism business models, and preparing the tourism workforce for change. Acknowledging that national policies will need to be responsive to needs across a diverse sector, with varying levels of digital maturity amongst enterprises (and people), the report presents a selection of policy considerations to prepare the tourism workforce for the digital future.
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  • 168
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 中小企業・企業向け新型コロナウイルス感染症対策の1年: 「より良い復興」に向けた教訓
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Unternehmensgründung ; Coronavirus ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the diverse range of SME and entrepreneurship policy measures implemented during the course of a year since the start of the COVID-19 crisis, with a view to identify lessons learned and implications for policy going forward, and assist governments build evidence-based policies to support SME recovery and resilience. The paper documents how SMEs were at the centre of the disruptions at the start of the pandemic and that one year later they stand in an even more precarious position, in particular young firms and start-ups, the self-employed, as well as women-led or minority-owned businesses. Governments acted swiftly to put in place ambitious support for SMEs and entrepreneurs, but one year into the pandemic, they are facing a complex dilemma that emergency liquidity support remains essential but at the same time it is not sustainable over the longer term and may have potential negative effects that need to be addressed to support the recovery. This paper formulates 15 lessons learned to help governments address three challenges: First, to continue support measures to avoid a liquidity crisis among SMEs while minimising the negative side effects; Second, to ensure that the gradual phase out of this emergency support does not create an SME solvency crisis; And third, to introduce effective policies that foster SME recovery.
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264829398 , 9789264575714 , 9789264917422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Entrepreneurship ; Unternehmensgründung ; Slowakei ; Employment ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: This report presents the findings and recommendations of the OECD review of SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in the Slovak Republic. It examines how to address the challenges of stimulating more productive entrepreneurship, supporting enterprise scale-up, stimulating SME exports and global value chain participation, increasing SME innovation and innovative entrepreneurship, and making entrepreneurship more inclusive across the population. The report examines SME and entrepreneurship performance and the business environment for SMEs and entrepreneurship in the Slovak Republic, giving benchmarks against other OECD countries. The report also takes a close look at arrangements to ensure policy leadership, co-ordination and consultation in this field. It examines the government support programmes across areas including SME and entrepreneurship financing, supporting innovation, building SME workforce skills and public procurement. It also examines the east-west divide in SME and entrepreneurship activity and their supporting conditions in the Slovak Republic and how to strengthen regional entrepreneurial ecosystems across the country. Further chapters focus on SME digitalisation and the promotion of self-employment and social entrepreneurship to strengthen the labour market attachment of the Slovak Republic's Roma community.
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  • 170
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264579316 , 9789264355781 , 9789264593237
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (294 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurs have been hit hard during the COVID-19 crisis. Policy responses were quick and unprecedented, helping cushion the blow and maintain most SMEs and entrepreneurs afloat. Despite the magnitude of the shock, available data so far point to sustained start-ups creation, no wave of bankruptcies, and an impulse to innovation in most OECD countries. However, government support has been less effective at reaching the self-employed, smaller and younger firms, women, and entrepreneurs from minorities. Countries were not all even in their capacity to support SMEs either. As vaccine campaigns roll out and economic prospects brighten, governments have to take the turn of a crisis exit and create the conditions to build back better. The OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2021 brings new evidence on the impact of the crisis and policy responses on SMEs and entrepreneurs. It reflects on longer-term issues, such as SME indebtedness or SME role in more resilient supply chains or innovation diffusion. The report contains country profiles that benchmark impact, factors of vulnerability, and sources of resilience in OECD countries, and give a policy spotlight on liquidity support and recovery plans for SMEs.
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  • 171
    ISBN: 9789264362857 , 9789264829961 , 9789264668591
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Renforcer la résilience économique après la crise du COVID-19 (version abrégée) : Une analyse sous l’angle des entreprises et des secteurs
    Keywords: Coronavirus ; Coping-Strategie ; Wirtschaftskrise ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has been unlike any other the world has experienced, requiring social distancing and restrictions on mobility, and rendering some economic activity impossible. This publication explores and compares the characteristics that have affected the ability of firms, workers and consumers to maintain production, employment and consumption during the COVID-19 crisis, across industries and countries. It takes an analytical forward-looking perspective, considering a broad collection of indicators and evidence to guide policies. The aspects covered centre around topics of business dynamics; productivity; innovation and digital technologies; interconnectedness; inclusiveness; and skills. The report incorporates both a short-term perspective – analysing the supply restrictions and lockdowns that have characterised containment responses – and a medium- to long-term view, focusing on changes in demand that have arisen through recessionary effects and changes in preferences. The purpose of this publication is to provide insights to policy makers in three ways. First, by providing an overview of the different channels through which the crisis has affected firms differently across industries; then, by identifying country characteristics which may mediate these channels and mitigate or amplify the impacts of this and future shocks on the economy; and finally, by exploring systematic differences in the impact across population subgroups and the implications for policy.
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  • 172
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p.)
    Series Statement: International Transport Forum Policy Papers no.88
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Mobilität ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Verkehr ; Indien ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport ; India
    Abstract: This report presents an analysis of current transport activity in India and reviews key policy instruments set up by Indian institutions to shape transport developments in the coming years. It also investigates future scenarios of transport in India and outlines key aspects that should be considered in the upcoming work on transport decarbonisation. The final section builds on these insights, charting a way forward for a climate change mitigation strategy for the Indian transport sector. In particular, it underlines the importance of taking an approach that is not limited to direct GHG emission reductions but takes into account a lifecycle perspective.
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  • 173
    Language: Undetermined
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Decarbonising Azerbaijan's Transport System: Charting the Way Forward
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Environment ; Transport
    Abstract: Bu sənəddə Azərbaycanın nəqliyyat sektorundakı istixana qazı emissiyalarının azaldılması üçün imkanlar və problemlər nəzərdən keçirilir. Burada Azərbaycanın nəqliyyat sisteminə ümumi baxış təqdim edilir, ölkənin nəqliyyat sistemində CO2 tullantılarının azaldılması üçün mövcud siyasəti və gələcək planları nəzərdən keçirilir. Sənəddə, həmçinin nəqliyyat fəaliyyəti və Azərbaycan üçün mövcud olan emissiyalar haqqında məlumatlar, eləcə də dövlət qurumları tərəfindən onların qiymətləndirilməsi üçün istifadə olunan alətlər barədə ümumi məlumat verilir. Nəhayət, BNF-nin “İnkişaf etməkdə olan iqtisadiyyatlarda Nəqliyyatın Dekarbonlaşdırılması” (DTEE) layihəsi çərçivəsində növbəti fəaliyyət variantları təklif edilir.
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  • 174
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/05
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The OECD Global Action “Promoting Social and Solidarity Economy Ecosystems”, funded by the European Union, through its work stream on social impact measurement, endeavours to: 1) explore current social impact measurement practices among social and solidarity economy organisations; 2) identify the methodologies best suited to capture the social benefits of the social and solidarity economy; and 3) understand what policy initiatives can be used to foster a social impact measurement culture and practice in the social and solidarity economy. After discussing the origins and drivers of social impact measurement, this paper examines existing methodologies developed at the local, national and international level and finally reviews how these are being implemented in the social and solidarity economy. It takes stock of the policy mapping exercise conducted by the OECD, which draws on responses to an online survey and on the stakeholder consultations conducted in Brazil, Canada, India, Korea, Mexico and the United States.
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  • 175
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (83 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.28
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The heterogeneity and highly diverse nature of the SMEs population represent a core challenge for SME policy frameworks. This paper discusses if and how typologies can help policy makers to better understand the wide diversity of SMEs and entrepreneurs. It proposes a policy perspective for analysing typologies, and reviews 169 typologies to assess their relevance for policy making. The paper presents a number of actionable typologies, as examples of how policy relevant SME and entrepreneurship typologies could be developed. The paper was developed in the context of the OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Strategy.
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  • 176
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/10
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Chile ; France ; Ireland ; Italy ; Portugal
    Abstract: Italy’s start-up visa aims to make the national start-up ecosystem more easily accessible to foreign talent, rich with knowledge and skills, and more integrated into global markets. Government reports show that the programme has not yet achieved a critical scale. The analysis of similar initiatives in Chile, France, Ireland and Portugal identifies five gateways for attracting more foreign entrepreneurs, such as an effective policy outreach, smooth inter-institutional co-operation across the migratory process, and the provision of sound support services for a “soft landing” of entrepreneurs upon arrival. These takeaways may also inform new talent attraction policies targeting remote workers, an expanding group in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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  • 177
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/08
    Keywords: Gutscheinsystem ; Soziale Integration ; Coronavirus ; Welt ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This paper explores the role of social vouchers as a tool for social inclusion and local development. It presents a typology of vouchers and their objectives, governing institutional and regulatory frameworks, use by national and local governments, and the social economy (Section1). It analyses the challenges and opportunities for the development of vouchers in light of the COVID-19 crisis and suggests recommendations to effectively capitalise on social vouchers as a tool to “build back better” (Section 2). Finally, it illustrates and analyses specific cases in Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, France, Mexico, Morocco and Romania (Section 3).
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  • 178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2021/09
    Keywords: Globalisierung ; EU-Regionalpolitik ; Internationale Zusammenarbeit ; Friaul-Julisch-Venetien ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Smart Specialisation Strategy is a place-based EU policy that seeks to enhance regional competitiveness through leveraging and bolstering innovation in the selected priority areas (industries or technologies) in each region. The new iteration of S3 requires developing cross-border collaborations with regions possessing complex and complementary technological expertise currently missing in a region to upgrade its technological evolution. The reason for this is that new growth opportunities arise from recombining existing technological capabilities while more complex technologies offer strong competitive advantage. This paper presents a simple roadmap for regional S3 internationalisation and the results of an in-depth case study on the opportunities for and barriers to S3 internationalisation in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG), a region in the North East of Italy. The paper develops recommendations on how to make the most of the Research, Technology, Development and Innovation endowments in FVG through enhancing the innovation-internationalisation nexus in order to improve competitiveness of the region.
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  • 179
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264374799 , 9789264453791 , 9789264578760
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (128 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Unternehmenswachstum ; Beschäftigungseffekt ; Finnland ; Italien ; Portugal ; Slowakei ; Spanien ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: Few small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) scale up, but these few fast growing firms are the major driver of new jobs added to OECD economies. This report helps policy makers get a grip on growth of those few SMEs by considering the transformation they undergo before, during and after their high-growth phase. Based on analysis of detailed firm-level data in a pilot project implemented for Finland, Italy, Portugal, the Slovak Republic and Spain, the report shows that SMEs in all types of places, of all ages and in all sectors have the potential to scale up. The strength of the potential does, however, vary. Getting a grip on growth of SMEs can pay important dividends as scalers contribute the majority of new jobs created by SMEs during their high-growth phase, but also continue to contribute positively to aggregate job creation and aggregate growth in turnover in the following years. A closer look at the characteristics of SMEs that scale up compared to similar “peers” that do not, shows that scaling is likely a strategic choice and includes investments and other preparatory transformation in the years preceding scaling up.
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  • 180
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 p.)
    Series Statement: Going Digital Toolkit Notes no.12
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Using artificial intelligence (AI) and other digital technologies in manufacturing, and other areas of production, is essential for raising labour productivity growth in OECD countries. AI can increase productivity in manufacturing in many ways, from reducing machine downtime to managing supply-chains. However, even in the most advanced economies, the use of AI in manufacturing is limited. This Going Digital Toolkit note discusses the challenges faced by manufacturers in adopting AI and what these imply for the design of policies, including for: skills; institutions for technology diffusion; connectivity; research and manufacturing linkages; computing infrastructure; and, programme evaluation. The Annex provides examples of policy initiatives in a variety of countries.
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  • 181
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (77 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2020/02
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Safe and seamless travel and improved traveller experience: OECD Report to G20 Tourism Working Group
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Le rapport sur la fluidité des déplacements et l’amélioration de l’expérience voyageur tient compte du concept de fluidité des déplacements et de sa portée, du contexte politique international pour son développement ultérieur, et des enjeux et bonnes pratiques dans quatre domaines clés : i) obligation et obtention de visa; ii) identité numérique du voyageur et biométrie; iii) transport multimodal et connectivité; iv) prise en charge, information et gestion des visiteurs. A partir des informations collectées et et de leur analyse, il présente un ensemble de conclusions clés et de pistes d’action à l’attention des pays membres du G20, de l’OCDE, pays non-membres, et organisations internationales pertinentes. Les pistes d’action développées dans le rapport sur la Sécurité et la Fluidité des déplacements ont été adoptées dans le communiqué de Diriyah lors de la réunion des ministres du Tourisme du G20 de 2020.
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  • 182
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.27
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: The report investigates the role of government programmes in strengthening SMEs’ resilience to external shocks, by focusing on SME digitalisation policies implemented in Korea during the COVID-19 outbreak. The report examines how digital tools and services have made SMEs more resilient during the pandemic, as well as the challenges that SMEs face in “going digital”. The analysis is complemented by additional evidence and insights coming from international policy experience.
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  • 183
    Language: Japanese
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 p.)
    Series Statement: 新型コロナウイルス(COVID-19)へのOECD政策対応
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe One year of SME and entrepreneurship policy responses to COVID-19: Lessons learned to “build back better”
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: 本稿は、新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)危機の始まりから1年間に実施された様々な中小企業・起業関連政策措置を、これまでに得た教訓と今後実施される政策への意味合いを明らかにし、政府が中小企業の復興と危機対応能力を支援する実証に基づく政策を構築するのを支援するという観点から分析している。中小企業がパンデミック初期に経済活動の途絶のまっただ中でどのような状態にあったか、そしてそれから1年が経ち、特に創業間もない若い企業とスタートアップ、自営業者、そして女性経営者または少数者が経営者の企業がさらに不安定さが増した状態にあることを明らかにしている。政府は、中小企業と起業家への支援策を迅速に導入したが、パンデミックが始まってから1年が経ち、緊急時の流動性支援は依然として必須だが、それは長期的に持続可能ではなくマイナス影響を及ぼす可能性があるため、復興支援のためにも対処する必要があるという、複雑なジレンマを抱えている。本稿では、各国政府が次の3つの課題に対処するのを助けるための、15の教訓を解説している。1. 中小企業の流動性危機を回避するための支援策を継続しつつ、その副作用を抑える;2. この緊急支援の段階的撤廃によって中小企業が倒産の危機に陥らないようにする;3. 中小企業の復興を支援する有効な政策を採り入れる。
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  • 184
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (111 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The spatial dimension of productivity in Italian co-operatives
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Italy ; Spain
    Abstract: Questo rapporto analizza la dimensione territoriale della produttività nelle cooperative italiane, segmento che esprime una quota relativamente ampia dell’occupazione nazionale. Le cooperative assolvono a un’importante funzione anticiclica nella creazione di occupazione durante le crisi. Dopo la pandemia, potrebbero contribuire in misura significativa a un riorientamento dell’economia verso modelli maggiormente improntati all’inclusività e allo sviluppo sostenibile. In futuro, un rafforzamento dei livelli di produttività potrebbe favorire le cooperative nel perseguimento delle loro finalità di natura economica e sociale. Nell’analizzare la produttività nelle cooperative italiane, questo rapporto adotta un approccio incentrato sulla dimensione territoriale, date le loro numerose interdipendenze con le comunità locali. Le evidenze emerse mettono in luce i fattori locali maggiormente correlati alla prevalenza e alla produttività delle cooperative tra le regioni, i settori economici e nelle diverse classi dimensionali d’impresa. Un confronto con le imprese italiane non cooperative, così come con le imprese spagnole, cooperative e non, consente di osservare come i livelli di produttività varino a livello territoriale e tra diversi tipi di imprese osservati. Questo rapporto utilizza l’approccio analitico sviluppato dallo Spatial Productivity Lab dell’OCSE.
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  • 185
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2021/01
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Managing tourism development for sustainable and inclusive recovery
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: En dépit des lourdes répercussions de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur le tourisme, la crise que nous traversons offre une occasion de repenser l’avenir de ce secteur. Pour parvenir à une reprise plus verte et plus durable du tourisme, il faut que les pouvoirs publics accordent une plus grande attention aux piliers environnemental et socio-culturel de la durabilité. Cette étude porte sur cinq éléments fondamentaux devant étayer les solutions apportées par les pouvoirs publics, et les meilleures pratiques, qui aideront les destinations touristiques à se reconstruire et à prospérer dans ce contexte radicalement différent dans lequel doit désormais s’inscrire le développement du tourisme. Les solutions recommandées ont pour objectif de : 1) redéfinir le succès du tourisme ; 2) adopter une approche associant les responsables publics, les acteurs du tourisme et les communautés locales ; 3) généraliser les politiques et les pratiques durables ; 4) élaborer des modèles économiques plus durables pour la filière touristique ; et 5) mieux mesurer pour mieux gérer. Ce rapport présente une sélection de neuf études de cas consacrées aux stratégies déployées par les destinations à l’appui d’une reprise durable et inclusive.
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  • 186
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 p.)
    Series Statement: Les réponses de l’OCDE face au coronavirus (COVID-19)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Business dynamism during the COVID-19 pandemic: Which policies for an inclusive recovery?
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La pandémie de COVID-19 a été lourde de conséquences sur le dynamisme des entreprises. Même si les entrées d’entreprises ont connu un rebond après la chute observée durant les premiers confinements, début 2020, ce redressement varie fortement d'un pays à l'autre, ce qui pourrait avoir des répercussions à long terme sur l’emploi et la croissance de la production. Les mesures prises pour soutenir la trésorerie des entreprises et les modifications temporaires des procédures de faillite ont permis de réduire le nombre de défaillances d’entreprises de plus de 30 % en moyenne par rapport à la période antérieure à la pandémie. Ces mesures ont sans doute protégé des entreprises viables et productives et permis d'échapper aux risques systémiques qu'aurait représenté une vague de faillites, mais elles ont peut-être maintenu en vie des entreprises susceptibles de ne pas être viables (connues sous le nom d’entreprises zombies).
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  • 187
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264931480 , 9789264830233 , 9789264518681
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (34 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2020
    Keywords: Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette version abrégée est la traduction partielle de la version anglaise de l’édition 2020 des Perspectives de l’économie numérique de l’OCDE. Elle contient le résumé de l’ouvrage ainsi que le chapitre 2 où sont analysées les évolutions récentes des stratégies numériques nationales et les principales évolutions liées aux politiques centrées sur la connectivité, l’utilisation du numérique, la gouvernance des données, la sécurité, la protection de la vie privée, l’innovation, le travail et des technologies clés telles que l’intelligence artificielle (IA), la technologie du « blockchain » et l’informatique quantique.
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  • 188
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Tourism Papers no.2021/03
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: The G20 Rome guidelines for the future of tourism identifies key issues and opportunities to rethink and reshape tourism policy in response to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents guidelines for action that are informed by the need to a) restore confidence and enable recovery, b) learn from the experience of the pandemic, and c) prioritise a sustainable development agenda in guiding future tourism. They are based around seven interrelated policy areas: i) safe mobility, ii) crisis management; iii) resilience; iv) inclusiveness; v) green transformation; vi) digital transition; and vii) investment and infrastructure. The G20 Rome guidelines were endorsed in the Rome Communiqué of the 2021 G20 Tourism Ministers’ meeting.
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  • 189
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264460669 , 9789264722385 , 9789264578821
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (360 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Klimaschutz ; Treibhausgas-Emissionen ; Industrie ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Niederlande ; Energy ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Netherlands
    Abstract: This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the policy instruments adopted by the Netherlands to reach carbon neutrality in its manufacturing sector by 2050. The analysis illustrates the strength of combining a strong commitment to raising carbon prices with ambitious technology support, uncovers the pervasiveness of competitiveness provisions, and highlights the trade-off between short-term emissions cuts and longer-term technology shift. The Netherlands’ carbon levy sets an ambitious price trajectory to 2030, but is tempered by extensive preferential treatment to energy-intensive users, yielding a highly unequal carbon price across firms and sectors. The country’s technology support focuses on the cost-effective deployment of low-carbon options, which ensures least-cost decarbonisation in the short run but favours relatively mature technologies. The report offers recommendations for policy adjustments to reach the country’s carbon neutrality objective, including the gradual removal of exemptions, enhanced support for emerging technologies and greater visibility over future infrastructure plans.
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  • 190
    ISBN: 9789264627659
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Science, technologie et innovation : Perspectives de l'OCDE 2021 (version abrégée) : Affronter la crise et saisir les opportunités
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2021: Times of Crisis and Opportunity
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Nel contesto delle azioni immediate intraprese per contrastare la crisi innescata dal COVID-19, la scienza e l'innovazione stanno svolgendo un ruolo essenziale nel fornire una migliore comprensione scientifica del virus, così come nello sviluppare vaccini, trattamenti e strumenti e tecniche di diagnosi. Sia il settore pubblico che quello privato hanno investito miliardi di dollari in questi sforzi, accompagnati da livelli senza precedenti di cooperazione internazionale. Tuttavia, si prevede che la crisi economica in atto costringerà le aziende a ridurre drasticamente le spese per la ricerca e l'innovazione, mentre i governi, dovranno far fronte sia all’enorme debito pubblico che alle molteplici richieste di sostegno finanziario. Questi sviluppi potrebbero avere ripercussioni a lungo termine sui sistemi di innovazione, in un momento in cui la scienza e l'innovazione sono sempre più indispensabili per gestire l'emergenza climatica, raggiungere gli obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile e accelerare la trasformazione digitale. I governi dovranno prendere alcune misure per salvaguardare i sistemi di innovazione nell’ambito dei loro pacchetti di stimolo e di ripresa, ma dovranno anche approfittarne per avviare le riforme necessarie. In particolare, le politiche in materia di scienza, tecnologia e innovazione (STI) dovrebbero essere orientate al sostegno di un programma più ambizioso di trasformazione del sistema che promuova una transizione ben gestita verso un futuro più sostenibile, equo e resiliente.
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  • 191
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.31
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This policy paper aims to improve understanding on how SMEs responded to the COVID-19 crisis and adapted to the new environment, and how different players in their ecosystems are contributing to their digital transition. The first part of the paper sets the scene on the digital transformation of SMEs, by providing an overview of key trends in SME uptake of digital technologies across OECD countries. The second part of the paper focuses on some of the main trends emerging from - or being strongly accelerated by - the COVID-19 crisis, including access to digital infrastructure, e-commerce and teleworking. The third and last section discusses international practices in SME digitalisation policies and presents original evidence from the “rescue” and “recovery” packages launched by OECD governments to face the crisis; as well as case studies and qualitative evidence from private-sector programme provided by partners of the Digital for SMEs Global Initiative (D4SME).
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  • 192
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (70 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Papers no.30
    Keywords: Umweltschutz ; KMU ; Umweltmanagement ; Klimaschutz ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Environment ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: SMEs and entrepreneurs are of critical importance for reaching climate objectives. They have a significant environmental footprint on aggregate, but also make important contributions to reaching net zero through their innovations and greening efforts. This paper discusses the importance of taking entrepreneurs and SMEs into account in climate and environmental policies. It analyses the drivers and barriers of green entrepreneurship and the greening of SMEs, and discusses policy options to support these objectives.
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  • 193
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264679733 , 9789264481558 , 9789264335073
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (190 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Keywords: Investitionspolitik ; Investitionsklima ; Energiewirtschaft ; Energiepolitik ; Auslandsinvestition ; Ukraine ; Energy ; Industry and Services ; Finance and Investment ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This Review assesses Ukraine’s investment climate vis-à-vis the country’s energy sector reforms and discusses challenges and opportunities in this context. Capitalising on the OECD Policy Framework for Investment and other relevant instruments and guidance, the Review takes a broad approach to investment climate challenges facing Ukraine’s energy sector. It covers investment trends, the current policy and regulatory framework, the legal and institutional framework for investment protection, investment promotion and facilitation, public governance, energy infrastructure and policies relating to promoting and enabling responsible business conduct. The analysis and recommendations in the Review can help policy makers strengthen the enabling conditions for investment in Ukraine’s energy sector.
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  • 194
    ISBN: 9789264184589 , 9789264798120 , 9789264870314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (143 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Keywords: Innovative KMU ; Regionales Cluster ; Innovation ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; Northern (Thailand, Provinz) ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Governance ; Thailand ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report evaluates how to strengthen Thailand's SME and entrepreneurship policies to promote innovative entrepreneurship and SME innovation at regional level. This is critical in supporting a shift towards a more innovation-driven and regionally-balanced economy in Thailand. The report illustrates the needs by taking a specific policy case, namely activating new and small firms in the development of an innovation cluster in the advanced agriculture and biotechnology and food for the future sectors in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai regions in northern Thailand. The report examines policy options in four major areas affecting the cluster: strengthening the local entrepreneurship ecosystem for example in scale-up finance and entrepreneurial culture; upgrading business development services so they that the match the requirements of SME innovation; attracting foreign direct investment and brokering supply chain linkages with local SMEs; and creating a cluster management organisation to co-ordinate policy. The report makes policy recommendations illustrated by international inspiring policy practice examples in each area. It shares a vision for translating Thailand's new-found biotechnology research strengths into economic development by stimulating innovation absorption by SMEs and commercialisation by start-ups and scale-ups.
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264367609 , 9789264906433 , 9789264697300
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 275 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD studies on SMEs and entrepreneurship
    Keywords: KMU ; Digitalisierung ; Organisatorischer Wandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Employment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Despite potentially tremendous benefits, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) lag in the digital transformation. Emerging technologies, as diverse as they are, offer a range of applications for them to improve performance and overcome the size-related limitations they face in doing business. However, SMEs must be better prepared, and stakes are high. SMEs make the most of the industrial fabric in many countries and regions, they create jobs (most jobs sometimes) and are the cement of inclusive and sustainable societies. The SME digital gap has increased inequalities among people, places and firms, and there are concerns that the benefits of the digital transformation could accrue to early adopters, further broadening these inequalities. Enabling SME digitalisation has become a top policy priority in OECD countries and beyond. The report looks at recent trends in SME digital uptake, including in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. It focuses on issues related to digital security, online platforms, blockchain ecosystems, and artificial intelligence. The report identifies opportunities, risks of not going digital, and barriers to adoption. It looks to concrete policy action taken worldwide to speed the SME transformation and raises a series of considerations to advance the SME digital policy agenda.
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  • 196
    ISBN: 9789264650428 , 9789264318113 , 9789264660403
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Strengthening Economic Resilience Following the COVID-19 Crisis: A Firm and Industry Perspective
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Cette version abrégée est la traduction partielle de la version anglaise de la publication Renforcer la résilience économique après la crise du COVID-19 de l’OCDE. Elle contient le résumé de la publication ainsi que le chapitre 1 du rapport, qui propose une synthèse des enseignements sur la résilience économique des travailleurs, des entreprises et des industries. Ce chapitre résume également les principales recommandations politiques qui découlent de l'analyse de chaque chapitre thématique, et discute brièvement certains des grands défis économiques à venir.
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  • 197
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264806054 , 9789264838543 , 9789264606135
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 236 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD reviews of digital transformation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Digitalizācija Latvijā
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Going digital in Latvia
    Keywords: Technologiepolitik ; Digitalisierung ; Lettland ; Education ; Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Going Digital in Latvia analyses recent developments in Latvia’s digital economy, reviews policies related to digitalisation and make recommendations to increase policy coherence in this area, based on the OECD Going Digital Integrated Policy Framework. The review uses strategic foresight to explore three alternative future scenarios, which could result from the digital transformation of the global economy and society. It also examines the availability and quality of communication networks and services in Latvia as well as related policies and regulations. Further, it reviews trends in digital technology usage among individuals, businesses and the government, and examines policies to foster diffusion. Finally, the review analyses opportunities and challenges raised by digitalisation in key areas, from innovation and skills to digital security and data governance, and evaluates policy responses to these changes in Latvia.
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  • 198
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 95 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2020, 01
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Romania ; Amtsdruckschrift
    Abstract: This report provides an analysis of the state of play for tourism in Romania and examines opportunities and challenges for destination development at the subnational level. In addition, it includes an operating manual providing practical guidance for tourism practitioners, setting out the steps required to establish and operate an effective DMO. It has been produced to help public and private sector stakeholders in Romania to work in partnership to plan, develop, manage and market their destinations. The aim is to strengthen tourism structures at local, regional and national levels, so that Romania is able to compete effectively in international markets, in a way that will bring maximum benefit to the country and its destinations. Examples of international best practices, and recommendations to develop an effective and self-sustaining network of regional DMOs are also presented.
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  • 199
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264622722 , 9789264358010 , 9789264698161
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Revues de l'OCDE sur la création locale d'emplois
    Keywords: Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: L’attractivité du Québec auprès des migrants repose à la fois sur les politiques d’intégration au marché du travail et sur la nature des opportunités d’emploi. Cependant, bien que les immigrés du Québec figurent parmi les plus éduqués de l’OCDE, la province reste confrontée à de nombreux défis qui les empêchent de s’intégrer au marché du travail. Parmi ces défis, on note une maîtrise imparfaite de la langue française, la non-reconnaissance des qualifications étrangères, des différences culturelles qui se reflètent dans les habitudes professionnelles et un manque d’initiatives visant la promotion de l’entrepreneuriat. Dans le cadre de cette étude une enquête auprès employeurs a été réalisée afin de comprendre leur expérience en matière de recrutement d’immigrants et de connaître leur perception de l’utilité des outils disponibles pour favoriser l’intégration et l’embauche d’immigrants. Ce rapport présente une analyse des enjeux liés à l’intégration des migrants au niveau local et propose des exemples de bonnes pratiques mises en place dans d’autres régions de l’OCDE.
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  • 200
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    ISBN: 9789264736696 , 9789264985575 , 9789264790315
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (250 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Brazil 2020
    Keywords: 2020 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Brasilien ; Governance ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Brazil ; Brasilien ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: This publication presents the findings of the OECD review of SME and entrepreneurship policy in Brazil. SMEs play an important role for economic growth and social inclusion in Brazil, accounting for 62% of total employment and 50% of national value added. However, productivity gaps between SMEs and large companies are wider in Brazil than in the OECD area, which is also the result of low innovation and export propensity among Brazilian SMEs. Business ownership and business creation are common, but growth-oriented entrepreneurship is much less widespread. Brazil’s SME policy is enshrined in the 1988 Federal Constitution, which grants to micro and small enterprises a preferential treatment in different policy areas (e.g. tax and labour law). Brazilian SME policies are, therefore, mostly aimed at this constituency, whereas mid-sized firms are largely missing in the national policy debate. Simples Nacional, a preferential tax and regulatory regime, is the main federal SME policy, but Brazil also operates a large number of targeted programmes for SMEs. This report provides policy recommendations to enhance Brazil’s SME and entrepreneurship performance, covering, among others, innovation policy, export support, access to finance, and women’s entrepreneurship.
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