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  • 2015-2019  (275)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (275)
  • Industry and Services  (275)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l'entrepreneuriat 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264749115 , 9789264644311 , 9789264859111
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (364 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Les nouvelles Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l’entrepreneuriat présentent les dernières tendances en matière de performance des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME), ainsi que de l'entrepreneuriat et des conditions d’affaires pour les PME. L’édition de cette année présente des données comparatives sur le dynamisme des entreprises, la croissance de la productivité, les écarts de salaires et les exportations par taille d’entreprise dans les pays de l’OCDE et les économies émergentes. Il explore les implications potentielles de la numérisation et de la mondialisation sur les conditions de marché et l'accès des PME aux infrastructures et à des ressources stratégiques telles que le financement, les compétences, la technologie, les données et d'autres actifs de l'innovation. Le rapport fournit une analyse comparative des cadres réglementaires et des politiques visant à uniformiser les règles du jeu pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, et offre une perspective prospective sur les défis auxquels ceux-ci sont confrontés dans leurs affaires et activités. Il contient également des profils de pays décrivant les derniers développements en matière de performance et de conditions de marché pour les PME, les profils pays étant disponibles en version plus détaillée en ligne.
    DOI: 10.1787/dfc3ab17-fr
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guía de la OCDE para el cumplimiento regulatorio y las inspecciones (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264648395 , 9789264917873 , 9789264861565
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections Toolkit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Boîte à outils de l’OCDE sur le contrôle et la mise en œuvre de la réglementation
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La manera en que las regualciones son implementadas y cómo se asegura y promueve su cumplimiento, son determinantes para evaluar si un sistema regulatorio funciona como lo planeado. Las inspecciones son uno de los medios más importantes para hacer cumplir las regualaciones y asegurar que se cumpla con sus disposiciones. Preparada con base en los Principios de la OCDE sobre las Mejores Prácticas para Hacer Cumplir las Normas y para Realizar Inspecciones (2014), esta Guía ofrece a los funcionarios gubernamentales, reguladores, grupos de interés y a los expertos, una herramienta sencilla para la evaluación de los sistemas establecidos para efectuar inspecciones y para hacer cumplir las regulaciones en cada jurisdicción, institución o estructura. Su lista de verificación de 12 criterios puede ser empleada para identificar fortalezas y debilidades, medir el desempeño real del sistema evaluado y determinar áreas a mejorar.
    DOI: 10.1787/0fe43505-es
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Boîte à outils de l’OCDE sur le contrôle et la mise en œuvre de la réglementation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264878815 , 9789264506527 , 9789264717510
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Regulatory Enforcement and Inspections Toolkit
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Guía de la OCDE para el cumplimiento regulatorio y las inspecciones
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La mise en œuvre et l’application des réglementations ainsi que la garantie et la promotion de la conformité réglementaire sont des déterminants critiques du fonctionnement attendu d’un système réglementaire. Les inspections sont l’un des moyens les plus importants pour l’application des réglementations et la garantie de la conformité réglementaire. Sur la base des Principes de bonnes pratiques de l’OCDE pour la politique de la réglementation de 2014, cette Boîte à outils offre aux responsables officiels, aux régulateurs, aux parties prenantes et aux experts un outil simple pour évaluer le niveau de développement du système d’inspection et de mise en application pour un territoire donné, une institution particulière, ou une structure spécifique. Aussi, une liste de 12 critères proposés peut être utilisée pour identifier des forces et des faiblesses, estimer la performance actuelle, et mettre en évidence des domaines d’amélioration.
    DOI: 10.1787/705e3dc1-fr
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Italy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264695467 , 9789264440586 , 9789264877429
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Italy
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Gründungsausbildung ; Unternehmensgründung ; Innovation ; Italien ; Education ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: Universities’ entrepreneurship and innovative practices are burgeoning all over Italy. Some of these practices resonate at the international level while others have a local impact. Italian higher education faces some important challenges and actions need to be taken to unleash its full potential. Promoting the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda can help Italy improve the overall performance of the higher education system, and of individual universities, in all regions. The government has started providing a strategic support to engagement, which could catalyse Italy’s innovation capacity, human capital endowment, and well-being. This review illustrates policy actions promoting the entrepreneurial and innovative activities in the Italian Higher Education System, and focuses on 11 case study universities. It discusses strategies and practices adopted by Italian higher education institutions to innovate, engage, and generate value for the society and the economy. This review is part of a series of national reports implementing the HEinnovate framework. HEinnovate is a guiding framework that the OECD and the European Commission have developed to promote the “entrepreneurial and innovation agenda” in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/43e88f48-en
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regions in Industrial Transition : Policies for People and Places (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264845930 , 9789264565388 , 9789264574397
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Regions in industrial transition
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Regionalentwicklung ; Industrieregion ; Alte Industrieregion ; Regionalpolitik ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Regionale Wirtschaftsplanung ; Regionale Wirtschaftsförderung ; Industriepolitik
    Abstract: This report offers guidance on how to manage industrial transition and is directed towards all policymakers seeking to improve the “what” and “how” of policies that promote industrial change. It identifies how regions in industrial transition can become more competitive and more resilient in the context of major shifts brought about by globalisation, decarbonisation and ongoing technological change. It takes stock of discussions emanating from a series of peer-learning workshops jointly organised in 2018 by the European Commission and the OECD. The report presents a number of implementation tools that policymakers have at their disposal to activate regional innovation potential to help tackle these challenges and the often accompanying ones such as an unsuitable skills base, unemployment due to deindustrialisation, and limited investment opportunities. Bringing together economic analysis and regional and country practice from the participating regions and countries on the topics of the future of work, entrepreneurship, innovation, transitioning to a climate-neutral economy and inclusive growth, the report identifies cross-cutting lessons to help policy-makers better design the next generation of smart specialisation and regional innovation strategies.
    DOI: 10.1787/c76ec2a1-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Building an EU Talent Pool : A New Approach to Migration Management‎ for Europe (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264921962 , 9789264392229 , 9789264732896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (120 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Building an EU talent pool
    Keywords: Hochqualifizierte Arbeitskräfte ; Migranten ; Migrationspolitik ; EU-Staaten ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Europäische Union ; Migrationspolitik ; Hochqualifizierter Beruf
    Abstract: How can the European Union become more attractive for talented professionals looking for job opportunities worldwide? Can EU-level action support employers, private and public stakeholders in each Member State to better leverage international recruitment into the Single Market? This report presents a new overview of the obstacles that continue to hamper the attraction and recruitment of skills from outside Europe, and discusses the role of both public and private initiatives to help overcome these barriers. It provides a comparative analysis of the Expression of Interest (EoI) system of migration management as implemented in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and assesses its potential to address the needs of the European labour migration system. The report presents several options and variants for adapting the EoI, step by step and EU-wide, and examines their feasibility, constraints and advantages.
    DOI: 10.1787/6ea982a0-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312012 , 9789264312029 , 9789264312036
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Going digital
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Digital technologies and data are transformational. People, firms and governments live, interact, work and produce differently than in the past, and these changes are accelerating rapidly. How can we realise the immense promises of digital technologies and data for growth and well-being in a fast evolving world? This report charts the road ahead. It identifies seven policy dimensions that allow governments – together with citizens, firms and stakeholders – to shape digital transformation to improve lives. It also highlights key opportunities, challenges and policies related to each dimension, offers new insights, evidence and analysis, and provides recommendations for better policies in the digital age.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312012-en
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Policy Maker's Guide to Privatisation (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264892798 , 9789264402782 , 9789264414969
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Corporate Governance
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als A policy maker's guide to privatisation
    Keywords: Privatisierung ; Corporate Governance ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Privatisierung
    Abstract: Policy makers and privatisation experts agree that it is critical to “get privatisation right.” A well-planned and executed transaction, backed by sound rationales, institutional and regulatory arrangements, good governance, and integrity can have consequences on future divestment activity by enhancing investor confidence while gaining the support of stakeholders and the public. Drawing on the internationally agreed OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises and decades’ worth of national experience across both OECD and Partner economies, this Policy Maker’s Guide to Privatisation provides practical advice to newcomers on key stages of the process from inception to post-privatisation. With global privatisation activity trending upwards and expected to rise, this Guide can support policy makers in their decision making process in the years to come.
    DOI: 10.1787/ea4eff68-en
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Counterfeiting and Piracy and the Swedish Economy : Making Sure "Made in Sweden" Always Is (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264644472 , 9789264504639 , 9789264487659
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Förfalskning och piratkopiering och den svenska ekonomin: Säkerställande av att “Made in Sweden” alltid är det
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Counterfeiting and piracy and the Swedish economy
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Herkunftsbezeichnung ; Schweden ; Governance ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Sweden ; Schweden ; Herkunftsbezeichnung ; Produktpiraterie
    Abstract: The Swedish economy is innovative and rich in intellectual property (IP), with nearly every industry either producing or using IP. Swedish innovative industries are also export-dependent and very deeply integrated in the global economy, through active participation in global value chains. At the same time, the threats of counterfeiting and piracy are growing – and Sweden is vulnerable. This report measures the direct economic effects of counterfeiting on Swedish industry, government and consumers. It examines both the impact of the imports of fake products to Sweden and – more importantly – the impact of the global trade in fake products that infringe on the IP rights of Swedish innovative companies.
    DOI: 10.1787/eb300f5b-en
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strengthening SMEs and Entrepreneurship for Productivity and Inclusive Growth : OECD 2018 Ministerial Conference on SMEs (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264790476 , 9789264865747 , 9789264638860
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (160 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD Ministerial Conference on SMEs (3. : 2018 : Mexiko, Stadt) Strengthening SMEs and entrepreneurship for productivity and inclusive growth
    Keywords: KMU ; Entrepreneurship ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Gründungsförderung ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Employment ; Industry and Services ; Konferenzschrift 2018 ; OECD ; Klein- und Mittelbetrieb ; Mittelstandsförderung
    Abstract: SMEs that grow have a considerable positive impact on employment creation, innovation, productivity growth and competitiveness. Digital technologies and global value chains offer new opportunities for SMEs to participate in the global economy, innovate and strengthen productivity. Yet SMEs are lagging behind in the digital transition and are disproportionately affected by market failures, trade barriers, policy inefficiencies and the quality of institutions. A cross-cutting approach to SME policy can enhance SME innovation and scale-up, as well as their contributions to inclusive growth. This includes a business environment conducive to risk-taking and experimentation by entrepreneurs, as well as access to entrepreneurship competencies, management and workforce skills, technology, innovation, and networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/c19b6f97-en
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264167940 , 9789264547452 , 9789264717749
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (344 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking indigenous communities with regional development
    Keywords: Indigene Völker ; Regionalentwicklung ; Australien ; Neuseeland ; Mexiko ; USA ; Kanada ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Indigenes Volk ; Regionale Wirtschaftsentwicklung
    Abstract: The 38 million Indigenous peoples living across 12 OECD countries contribute to stronger regional and national economies, and have unique assets and knowledge that address global challenges such as climate change. Supporting their economic inclusion at local and regional levels is essential to achieving the promise of the Sustainable Development Goals to “leave no-one behind” and overcoming the significant gaps in well-being that continue to exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations, notably in rural areas. This report provides recommendations to achieve vibrant local and regional Indigenous economies that deliver on their objectives for development by: improving Indigenous statistics and data governance; enabling policies for entrepreneurship and small business; providing instruments to mobilise land for development; and implementing effective and inclusive governance to support a place-based approach.
    DOI: 10.1787/3203c082-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Manuel d’Oslo 2018 : Lignes directrices pour le recueil, la communication et l’utilisation des données sur l’innovation, 4ème édition (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264871311 , 9789264640115 , 9789264335356
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (284 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Mesurer les activités scientifiques, technologiques et d'innovation
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo Manual 2018: Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Oslo vadovas 2018: Duomenų apie inovacijas rinkimo, teikimo ir naudojimo gairės, Ketvirtasis Leidimas Mokslinės, technologinės ir inovacinės veiklos vertinimas
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Qu'est-ce que l'innovation et comment s'y prendre pour la mesurer ? Comprendre l'échelle des activités d'innovation, les caractéristiques des entreprises innovantes, ainsi que les facteurs internes et systémiques en jeu est une condition préalable essentielle à la mise en œuvre et l'analyse des politiques destinées à stimuler l'innovation. Paru pour la première fois en 1992, le Manuel d'Oslo s'est imposé comme une référence internationale pour la collecte et l'utilisation des données sur l'innovation. Pour cette quatrième édition, le manuel a été étoffé afin de couvrir un éventail plus large de phénomènes liés à l'innovation et de tenir compte de l'expérience acquise au fil des cycles récents des enquêtes connexes réalisées dans les pays de l'OCDE, dans les économies partenaires et par d'autres organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/c76f1c7b-fr
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Access to Green Finance for SMEs in Georgia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264880498 , 9789264958616 , 9789264376823
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (75 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Access to green finance for SMEs in Georgia
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Georgia ; Georgien ; Finanzwirtschaft
    Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in Georgia’s economy. SMEs provide more than 67% of employment and about 62% of gross value added. Although the environmental footprint of individual SMEs may be low, their aggregate impact in many respects exceeds that of large businesses. Commercial banks have an important role to play in providing access to green finance, particularly for SMEs. This report reviews the experience with green lending in the SME sector in Georgia. The analysis identifies the main challenges with lending to SMEs for green projects and discusses possible solutions. The report, in particular, looks at the role of the government and the policy instruments it can use to stimulate higher demand for green lending in the SME sector.
    DOI: 10.1787/dc98f97b-en
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Linking the Indigenous Sami People with Regional Development in Sweden (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310544 , 9789264310568 , 9789264310551
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Rural Policy Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Linking the indigenous Sami people with regional development in Sweden
    Keywords: Saami ; Entwicklungsplanung ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung ; Soziale Integration ; Ethnische Beziehungen ; Schweden ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur ; Schweden ; Samen ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Regionalentwicklung
    Abstract: The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310544-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Providing new OECD evidence on tourism trade in value added (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 52 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2019, 01
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: The ability to measure the economic impacts of tourism provides policy makers with the evidence necessary to ensure that future policies are targeted to meet strategic objectives. However, despite significant work on tourism economics, notably with the Tourism Satellite Account, a deeper understanding is needed of how tourism trade directly and indirectly contributes to the economic growth and competitiveness of countries. This report scopes out the benefits and challenges of analysing tourism from a trade in value added perspective. It identifies the priority actions to strength the underlying ‘value chain’ of national statistics needed to build analyses tourism from a trade in value added perspective, and sets out a roadmap to make progress. It builds on wider OECD work on Trade in Value Added (TiVA), and represents a first attempt to better link tourism data with the underlying Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) infrastructure. Pilot country analysis for Canada, Portugal and the United Kingdom is presented.
    DOI: 10.1787/d6072d28-en
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
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  • 16
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    Gouvernance d’entreprise dans la région MENA : Cadre d’action pour la compétitivité et la croissance (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264418219 , 9789264930537 , 9789264677920
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (206 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Gouvernement d'entreprise
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا: بناء إطار للقدرة التنافسية والنمو
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Governance in MENA: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Un cadre rigoureux de gouvernance d’entreprise est essentiel pour les économies de la région MENA soucieuses de promouvoir la croissance et d’édifier des sociétés prospères. Les Principes de gouvernance d’entreprise du G20 et de l’OCDE et les Lignes directrices de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance des entreprises publiques sont les instruments de référence pour la mise en place d’un tel cadre. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs étudient le paysage de la gouvernance d’entreprise dans la région MENA, en répertoriant les problèmes qui se posent et en proposant aux pouvoirs publics des pistes de réforme. Leurs conclusions sont fondées sur une analyse des politiques et pratiques en vigueur dans quatre domaines thématiques : l’accès aux capitaux ; la transparence et la communication d’informations ; la parité femmes-hommes dans les organes de direction des entreprises ; et la gouvernance des entreprises publiques dans la région MENA. Dans l’ensemble, ils concluent que ces économies ont progressé sur la voie du renforcement de leur cadre de gouvernance d’entreprise au cours des dernières années mais que la région peine encore à adopter et à mettre en œuvre, dans ce domaine, des mesures qui soient propices à l’efficience économique, à la croissance durable et à la stabilité financière.
    DOI: 10.1787/f3d4b47c-fr
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  • 17
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    SME Policy Index: Western Balkans and Turkey 2019 : Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264172531 , 9789264312951 , 9789264182769
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (977 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Albania ; Bosnia and Herzegovina ; Kosovo ; Montenegro ; North Macedonia ; Serbia ; Turkey
    Abstract: Robust SME sectors are critical to the prosperity of the six Western Balkan economies and Turkey, accounting for over 70% of those employed in the business sector and generating 65% of value added in these seven economies. Yet their potential remains untapped, as SMEs across the region grapple with numerous challenges that hamper their growth and productivity. They are still under-represented in international trade, and their contributions to value-added remain comparatively low as they have difficulties in moving or expanding into high value-added activities. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the implementation of the ten principles of the Small Business Act for Europe (SBA) in the seven EU pre-accession economies over the period 2016-18. It monitors progress against similar assessments performed over the past decade and identifies the outstanding challenges affecting SMEs. It also provides targeted recommendations to remove barriers to SME development and unleashing their potential for driving inclusive economic growth.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9fa9a-en
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  • 18
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264449756 , 9789264312524 , 9789264727359
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Latvia
    Keywords: Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltigkeit ; !09137510X!f ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvia, a member of the European Union since 2004, is a small, dynamic and open economy that has successfully transitioned from central planning to a market economy. The reforms undertaken have driven progress, although from generally low levels and at a slower pace in agriculture than for the economy as a whole. This report examines the conditions under which farms and businesses in the food and agriculture sector in Latvia undertake innovation to become more productive and environmentally sustainable. It identifies opportunities as well as challenges that need to be addressed. These include economy wide skills shortage, emigration and population decline and urban concentration of population and services. At the sectoral level, these include the use of agricultural payments to support a large number of non-commercial farms and the high level of unpaid farm labour. To meet these challenges, agricultural innovation can be harnessed to improve the sector’s productivity, as well as the sustainability and efficiency of the food system. This report provides a series of recommendations that should allow agricultural policies to contribute to a well-functioning innovation system that can meet the challenges that lie ahead.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312524-en
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  • 19
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Japan (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264426924 , 9789264571235 , 9789264936621
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (140 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in Japan
    Keywords: Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Agrartechnik ; Innovation ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Ökologischer Landbau ; Japan ; Agriculture and Food ; Industry and Services ; Japan ; Japan ; Landwirtschaft ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Innovation ; Produktivität
    Abstract: In Japan, agriculture has been treated differently from other parts of the national economy. However, policy needs to evolve with new agricultural structures and the global trend towards more integrated value chains, enabling innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture, and imposing a greater environmental responsibility on producers. Modern agriculture is a technology- and data-intensive industry, and Japan is well-positioned to introduce its competitive technology and skills to agriculture through building more collaborative agricultural innovation system.
    DOI: 10.1787/92b8dff7-en
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  • 20
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    Latin America and the Caribbean 2019 : Policies for Competitive SMEs in the Pacific Alliance and Participating South American countries (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264575462
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (546 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The SME Policy Index is a benchmarking tool that assists emerging economies in monitoring and evaluating progress in policies that support small and medium-sized enterprises. This first application of the Index methodology in the Latin American and Caribbean region covers the four Pacific Alliance member countries (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru) and three participating South American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Divided into seven policy dimensions, this report assesses the strengths and weaknesses that exist in different areas of SME policy design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation, and provides guidance to policy makers in identifying policy areas for future reform according to international good practices. This report is a joint effort between the Development Bank of Latin America (CAF) and the OECD through its Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Programme (LACRP), in co-operation with the Latin American and Caribbean Economic System (SELA) and the “Foundation for the Strategic Analysis and Development of the SME” (FAEDPYME).
    DOI: 10.1787/d9e1e5f0-en
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  • 21
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    Multi-dimensional Review of Peru : Volume 3. From Analysis to Action (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264319363 , 9789264561182 , 9789264562158
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Multi-dimensional review of Peru ; volume 3: From analysis to action
    Keywords: Entwicklung ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Peru ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Transport ; Industry and Services ; Peru ; Peru ; Wirtschaftsentwicklung ; Nachhaltigkeit
    Abstract: Peru has experienced remarkable socio-economic progress over the last two decades, enabling it to join the group of upper middle-income countries around 2010. However, challenges are ahead if the country is not to be caught in various development traps. Overcoming these challenges in the near future to take the economy to the next level and become a country with higher productivity, inclusive development and well-being for all will require sound policy reforms. Further efforts are needed on three main fronts: economic diversification, connectivity and formalisation of jobs. This report analyses the main challenges in these three priority areas and sets up a policy action plan. It also proposes a scorecard including a series of indicators for monitoring progress derived from the implementation of the reforms proposed in these three areas and presents the objectives for each indicator that Peru should aim to achieve by 2025 and 2030.
    DOI: 10.1787/c6c23d2c-en
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  • 22
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    Local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries : case study of Malopolskie, Poland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 114 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) working papers no. 2019, 03
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/03
    Keywords: Industry and Services ; Poland ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report examines the local entrepreneurship ecosystem of the Malopolskie region in Poland and its capacity to promote productivity upgrading and industrial renewal. It forms part of the OECD’s work stream on local entrepreneurship ecosystems and emerging industries.
    DOI: 10.1787/d99ba985-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 23
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    Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264498389 , 9789264612372 , 9789264312999
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Responding to Rising Seas: OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks
    Keywords: Environment ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’adaptation des zones côtières aux impacts du changement climatique est désormais une urgence. La hausse du niveau des mers et des pressions immobilières va certainement y accroître les risques, selon les prévisions. En quoi les processus nationaux de planification de l’adaptation des pays de l’OCDE peuvent-ils nous aider à répondre à ce défi ? C’est la question à laquelle répond cet ouvrage. Il expose clairement les diverses conceptions du partage des coûts et des responsabilités en matière de gestion des risques côtiers. Il examine ensuite si celles-ci encouragent ou dissuadent les ménages, les entreprises et les différents niveaux de gouvernement d’adopter des comportements qui réduisent les risques. Cet ouvrage décrit les instruments d’action que les autorités nationales peuvent employer pour favoriser une réaction efficiente, efficace et équitable face aux changements qui affectent le littoral. Il s’appuie sur de nouvelles analyses des coûts futurs de la hausse du niveau des mers et sur les principaux résultats de quatre études de cas (Allemagne, Canada, Nouvelle-Zélande et Royaume Uni).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312999-fr
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  • 24
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    منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا المتوسطية 2018 : التقييم المرحلي للإصلاحات المتعلقة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264310032
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (148 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018: Interim Assessment of Key SME Reforms
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: يقدم هذا التقرير تحليلاً معمقاً للإصلاحات الرئيسية التي أجريت بين 2014 و2018 التي تهدف إلى تشجيع تنمية المشاريع المتناهية الصغر والصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم في الجزائر ومصر وإسرائيل والأردن ولبنان والمغرب والأراضي الفلسطينية وتونس. يركز التقرير على خمس مجالات استراتيجية لصياغة سياسات المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم: تعاريف المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم والإحصاءات والمؤسسات المتعلقة بها؛ تحسين بيئات العمل للمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم ورواد الأعمال؛ تعزيز الوصول إلى التمويل؛ رعاية نمو الشركات الناشئة والمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم؛ وتنمية رأس المال البشري الريادي. يهدف التقرير إلى عرض الممارسات الجيدة والإشارة إلى المناطق التي تحتاج إلى بذل المزيد من الجهود. ويوفر إرشادات قيمة للحكومات ومنظمات القطاع الخاص والهيئات المتعددة الأطراف وغيرها من أصحاب المصلحة لتكثيف الجهود لدعم المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم كأدوات أساسية لخلق الوظائف والقدرة التنافسية. ويكتسي ذلك أهمية خاصة في منطقة تسعى إلى تعزيز التنوع الاقتصادي وخلق فرص العمل وإشراك الشباب والنساء في الاقتصاد. إن التقرير هو نتيجة لعملية تعاون وثيق بين الحكومات، ومنظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية، ومؤسسة التدريب الأوروبية والمفوضية الأوروبية
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264310032-ar
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    Business Models for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges for Policy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264405110 , 9789264311428 , 9789264691445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (112 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Business models for the circular economy
    Keywords: Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Energy ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Geschäftsmodell ; Recycling ; Natürliche Ressourcen
    Abstract: Natural resources, and the materials derived from them, represent the physical basis for the economic system. Recent decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth in demand for these resources, which has triggered interest from policy makers in transitioning to a more resource efficient and circular economy. This report presents a typology of five circular business models that could support the transition to a more resource efficient and circular economy: circular supply, resource recovery, product life extension, sharing, and product service system models. It reviews the current market penetration and assesses the potential scalability of each business model. Environmental potential is also discussed, as well as risks and unintended consequences that could result from a more widespread adoption of these business models. The report provides a broad set of policy approaches that could help alleviate some of the barriers that currently hinder the widespread adoption of circular business models.
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g9dd62-en
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  • 26
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    Analyse von Megatrends im Interesse der besseren Gestaltung der Zukunft des Tourismus (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Analysing megatrends to better shape the future of tourism
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Analyser les mégatendances pour mieux façonner l’avenir du tourisme
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Die Zukunft des Tourismus wird durch grosse gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche, politische und technologische Änderungen sowie wachsende Ansprüche an den Umweltschutz geprägt sein, die neue und oftmals unvorhersehbare Herausforderungen, Bedrohungen und Chancen mit sich bringen. Diese Megatrends bilden sich langsam aus. Sobald sie aber an Fahrt gewonnen haben, üben sie einen tiefgreifenden und anhaltenden Einfluss auf menschliche Handlungen, Prozesse und Wahrnehmungen aus. Auch der Tourismus ist entsprechend betroffen. Es gibt vier Megatrends, die sich wahrscheinlich erheblich auf den Tourismus auswirken werden und entsprechend relevant sind: i) die sich wandelnde Besuchernachfrage; ii) nachhaltiges Wachstum des Tourismus; iii) Basistechnologien («enabling technologies») sowie iv) Reisemobilität. Um informierte politische Entscheidungen treffen und die Zukunft des Tourismus gestalten zu können, ist es wichtig, die vielschichtigen Auswirkungen dieser Megatrends bis 2040 zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Tourismusstudie entwickelt eine Reihe plausibler Szenarien und potenzieller politischer Antworten auf die oben erwähnten Megatrends. Sodann untersucht sie, wie sich politische Entscheidungsträger besser auf Megatrends vorbereiten können, und stellt eine Reihe von Leitlinien für wirksame strategische Frühaufklärung im Bereich des Tourismus auf.
    DOI: 10.1787/95ef8c1d-de
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  • 27
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    Inovācijas, lauksaimniecības produktivitāte un ilgtspējība Latvijā (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264864689
    Language: Latvian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (215 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in Latvia
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Latvia
    Abstract: Latvijai, kas ir Eiropas Savienības dalībvalsts kopš 2004. gada, ir maza, dinamiska un atvērta ekonomika, kas veiksmīgi pārgājusi no centrālās plānošanas uz tirgus ekonomiku. Uzsāktās reformas ir veicinājušas progresu, lai gan kopumā no zema starta līmeņa un lauksaimniecībā lēnākā tempā nekā ekonomikā kopumā. Šajā ziņojumā aplūkoti apstākļi, kādos Latvijas pārtikas un lauksaimniecības nozares saimniecības un uzņēmumi veic inovācijas, lai kļūtu produktīvāki un videi draudzīgāki. Tajā apzinātas iespējas, kā arī problēmas, kas vēl jārisina. To skaitā ir prasmju nepietiekamība, emigrācija un iedzīvotāju skaita samazināšanās, kā arī iedzīvotāju un pakalpojumu koncentrācija pilsētās, kas skar visu tautsaimniecību. Nozares līmenī ir problēmas ar lauksaimniecības atbalsta maksājumu izmantošanu nekomerciālu saimniecību atbalstam un augsts neapmaksātā darbaspēka līmenis lauku saimniecībās. Risinot šīs problēmas, lauksaimniecības inovācijas var izmantot, lai uzlabotu nozares produktivitāti, kā arī pārtikas sistēmas ilgtspēju un efektivitāti. Šajā pārskatā sniegti vairāki ieteikumi, kas ļautu lauksaimniecības politikai veicināt labi funkcionējošu inovācijas sistēmu, kura spētu risināt nākotnes problēmas.
    DOI: 10.1787/279bde8c-lv
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    Calles más seguras : Benchmarking mundial de seguridad vial urbana (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282118436
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Safer City Streets: Global Benchmarking for Urban Road Safety
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Este documento tiene por objeto apoyar a las ciudades en el establecimiento de objetivos de seguridad vial y supervisar los avances en la mejora de la seguridad vial urbana. Los peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas representan casi el 80 % de las muertes por accidentes de tráfico urbanos. Por lo tanto, las ciudades deben intensificar sus esfuerzos para mejorar la seguridad de los usuarios vulnerables de la vía pública. Este documento presenta indicadores de seguridad vial para diferentes grupos de usuarios de la vía pública recolectados en 31 ciudades con el fin de facilitar la evaluación, la supervisión y la comparación de resultados de seguridad vial. Presta especial atención a la medición del riesgo de muerte en accidente de tráfico por unidad de distancia recorrida.
    DOI: 10.1787/9f67b422-es
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  • 29
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    Établir de nouvelles données de l'OCDE sur les échanges touristiques en valeur ajoutée (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2019/01
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Providing new OECD evidence on tourism trade in value added
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: La capacité de mesurer les impacts économiques du tourisme fournit aux responsables publics de nouvelles données afin que les politiques futures soient ciblées de manière à atteindre les objectifs stratégiques. Cependant, malgré d’importants travaux sur l’économie du tourisme, notamment sur le Compte satellite du tourisme, une meilleure compréhension de la contribution directe et indirecte du tourisme à la croissance économique et à la compétitivité des pays s’avère nécessaire. Ce rapport analyse les avantages et les inconvénients de l’analyse du tourisme du point de vue des échanges en valeur ajoutée. Il identifie les actions prioritaires pour renforcer la "chaîne de valeur" sous-jacente des statistiques nationales nécessaires à la construction d'analyses du tourisme dans une perspective d’échanges en valeur ajoutée, et définit une feuille de route pour progresser. Il s’appuie sur les travaux plus vastes de l’OCDE sur les échanges en valeur ajoutée (ÉVA) et présente une première tentative pour mieux relier les données du tourisme et les tableaux internationaux des entrées/sorties (ICIO). Les analyses pilotes pour le Canada, le Portugal et le Royaume-Uni y sont présentées.
    DOI: 10.1787/ad21b57d-fr
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  • 30
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    Three reasons why Finland can stay on top (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/0c8b59ac-en
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  • 31
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    Finlande : de l’industrie lourde et sylvicole à une vibrante économie du savoir (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe From forestry and heavy industry to a vibrant knowledge-based economy
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/2341858f-fr
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  • 32
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    Trois atouts qui doivent permettre à la Finlande de garder une longueur d’avance (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Three reasons why Finland can stay on top
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Education ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/0433bd05-fr
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  • 33
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    Au Bangladesh comme ailleurs, les pays de l’OCDE doivent agir pour sauver des vies dans l’industrie textile (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Beyond Bangladesh, OECD countries must act to save lives in the garment industry
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Bangladesh
    DOI: 10.1787/4f9ea0ad-fr
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  • 34
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    حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا : بناء إطار للقدرة التنافسية والنمو (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264625174
    Language: Arabic
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (180 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Gouvernance d’entreprise dans la région MENA : Cadre d’action pour la compétitivité et la croissance
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Corporate Governance in MENA: Building a Framework for Competitiveness and Growth
    Keywords: Governance ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا في سعيها لتعزيز النمو الاقتصادي والقدرة التنافسية وبناء مجتمعات مزدهرة. تشكل مبادئ منظمة التعاون الاقتصادي والتنمية / مجموعة العشرين الخاصة بحوكمة الشركات والمبادئ التوجيهية لمنظمة التعاون والتنمية الاقتصادية بشأن حوكمة الشركات الموجهة للمؤسسات المملوكة للدولة مرجعيةً لبناء مثل هذا الإطار. يقيّم هذا التقرير مشهد حوكمة الشركات في منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا من خلال تحديد التحديات واقتراح الخيارات السياساتية للإصلاح. تستند نتائج التقرير إلى تحليل السياسات والممارسات في أربعة مجالات مواضيعية: تعزيز الوصول إلى التمويل وأسواق رأس المال، وتحسين الشفافية والإفصاح، وتحقيق التوازن الجنساني في قيادة الشركات، وتعزيز حوكمة الشركات المملوكة للدولة في المنطقة. بشكل عام، يخلص التقرير إلى أن اقتصادات منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا قد حققت تقدماً في تعزيز أطر حوكمة الشركات في السنوات الأخيرة، إلا أنها لا تزال تواجه تحديات في تبني وتنفيذ إجراءات حوكمة الشركات التي تدعم الكفاءة الاقتصادية والنمو المستدام والاستقرار المالي.
    DOI: 10.1787/f8f22be1-ar
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    Global Material Resources Outlook to 2060 : Economic Drivers and Environmental Consequences (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307452
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (212 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Global material resources outlook to 2060
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Rohstoffvorkommen ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltökonomik ; Umweltbelastung ; Welt ; Energy ; Environment ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Agrarweltmarkt ; Energieweltwirtschaft ; Rohstoffreserve ; Rohstoffwirtschaft ; Umweltbelastung ; Umweltökonomie
    Abstract: This report presents global projections of materials use and their environmental consequences, providing a quantitative outlook to 2060 at the global, sectoral and regional levels for 61 different materials (biomass resources, fossil fuels, metals and non-metallic minerals). It explains the economic drivers determining the decoupling of economic growth and materials use, and assesses how the projected shifts in sectoral and regional economic activity influence the use of different materials. The projections include both primary and secondary materials, which provides a deeper understanding of what drives the synergies and trade-offs between extraction and recycling. The report projects a doubling of global primary materials use between today and 2060. Population and converging per capita income growth drive the growth in materials use. However, structural change, especially in non-OECD countries, and technology improvements partially dampen that growth. Metals and non-metallic minerals are projected to grow more rapidly than other types of materials.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307452-en
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  • 36
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    Measuring the Digital Transformation : A Roadmap for the Future (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311992 , 9789264312043 , 9789264312050
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (260 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Cómo medir la transformación digital : Hoja de ruta para el futuro
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring the digital transformation
    RVK:
    MS 1170
    Keywords: Digitalisierung ; Messung ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Digitalisierung
    Abstract: Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for the Future provides new insights into the state of the digital transformation by mapping indicators across a range of areas – from education and innovation, to trade and economic and social outcomes – against current digital policy issues, as presented in Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives. In so doing, it identifies gaps in the current measurement framework, assesses progress made towards filling these gaps and sets-out a forward-looking measurement roadmap. The goal is to expand the evidence base, as a means to lay the ground for more robust policies for growth and well-being in the digital era.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311992-en
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  • 37
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    Vers le numérique : Forger des politiques au service de vies meilleures (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264815834 , 9789264924369 , 9789264592131
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (220 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Shaping Policies, Improving Lives
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Going Digital: Den digitalen Wandel gestalten, das Leben verbessern
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport aide les décideurs politiques à optimiser les bénéfices de la transformation numérique pour tous, à favoriser la croissance et améliorer le bien-être. Il reflète les travaux réalisés dans le cadre du projet de l’OCDE sur la transformation numérique durant la période 2017-18 et d’autres travaux de l’OCDE dans ce domaine. Le rapport identifie les vecteurs de la transformation numérique, ainsi que des questions à mieux cerner. Il offre une vision économique et sociale holistique de ses implications sur les tendances clés, leurs effets, et les questions politiques qui en découlent, lesquelles doivent être coordonnées à travers des domaines différents. En outre, le rapport établit un agenda numérique ambitieux pour l’OCDE et au-delà.
    DOI: 10.1787/7cba1873-fr
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  • 38
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    OECD Review of Higher Education, Research and Innovation: Portugal (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264308138 , 9789264390973 , 9789264814479
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (268 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD review of higher education, research and innovation
    Keywords: Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik ; Produktivität ; Portugal ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Portugal ; Portugal ; Hochschule ; Innovation ; Technologie ; Hochschulpolitik
    Abstract: Portugal aims to develop a more innovative, inclusive and productive economy, and to ensure that the ensuing benefits are widely distributed, regionally and socially. This report assesses the extent to which Portugal’s higher education, research and innovation system is well configured to help Portugal achieve its vision of inclusive innovation, and identify which policy options might help it achieve its goals. The assessment and the related recommendations focus on: 1) governance, strategy and funding in higher education, research and innovation; 2) the missions, profiles and use of resources of higher education institutions; 3) undergraduate and master’s level education activities; 4) doctoral training activities; 5) academic careers; 6) high-skill employment and business innovation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264308138-en
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  • 39
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    Analyser les mégatendances pour mieux façonner l’avenir du tourisme (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (78 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2018/02
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Analysing megatrends to better shape the future of tourism
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Analyse von Megatrends im Interesse der besseren Gestaltung der Zukunft des Tourismus
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’avenir du tourisme sera soumis à des changements sociaux, économiques, politiques, environnementaux et technologiques de grande ampleur apportant de nouveaux défis, souvent méconnus, ainsi que, de nouvelles menaces et opportunités. Ces mégatendances se forment lentement mais une fois implantées, excercent une influence considérable et durable sur les activités humaines, les processus et les percéptions, y compris sur le tourisme. Quatre mégatendances sont susceptibles d'avoir des impacts importants et une pertinence pour le tourisme : i) l’évolution de la demande touristique ; ii) l’essor du tourisme durable ; iii) les technologies structurantes et iv) la mobilité des voyageurs. Explorer les implications multidimensionnelles de ces mégatendances à l’horizon 2040 est nécessaire pour guider les politiques et orienter l’avenir du tourisme. Ce document développe une série de scénarios plausibles et de réponses publiques possibles aux mégatendances mentionnées ci-dessus, il examine ensuite la manière dont les responsables des politiques publiques peuvent mieux se préparer aux mégatendances, et présente un ensemble de lignes directrices pour une prospective stratégique efficace en matière de tourisme.
    DOI: 10.1787/b6b7c938-fr
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  • 40
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    Des politiques efficaces pour des investissements de qualité dans le tourisme (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (121 p.)
    Series Statement: Études de l'OCDE sur le tourisme no.2018/03
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Effective policy approaches for quality investment in tourism
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: L’investissement est indispensable pour rendre le secteur du tourisme compétitif et durable. Ce rapporte examine les approches politiques efficaces pour accroître la qualité et l’efficacité des investissements dans le tourisme. Il passe en revue les conditions favorables et les obstacles à la promotion des investissements susceptibles de favoriser une croissance du tourisme durable et inclusive. Les considérations de politique générale visant à encourager des investissements de qualité dans le tourisme sont abordées, notamment l’importance de la coordination intergouvernementale, l’utilisation de stratégies permettant de maximiser la qualité et l’impact des investissements touristiques, l’intégration de la durabilité dans les cadres décisionnels en matière d’investissement et le renforcement des capacités des investissements touristiques dans une économie numérique. Des études de cas sur l’'investissement dans un certain nombre de pays sont présentées pour appuyer la discussion sur les politiques à mener.
    DOI: 10.1787/a868e0e5-fr
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  • 41
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    OECD Productivity Statistics 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Statistiques de l'OCDE sur la productivité 2019
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/g2g99a92-en
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  • 42
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    From forestry and heavy industry to a vibrant knowledge-based economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Finlande : de l’industrie lourde et sylvicole à une vibrante économie du savoir
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/a87d122b-en
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  • 43
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    Beyond Bangladesh, OECD countries must act to save lives in the garment industry (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Au Bangladesh comme ailleurs, les pays de l’OCDE doivent agir pour sauver des vies dans l’industrie textile
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Bangladesh
    DOI: 10.1787/1675ec6b-en
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  • 44
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    A cut above: A guide to improving due diligence in garments and footwear supply chains (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/df7dc9d4-en
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  • 45
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    When the going gets easier (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe En route vers une nouvelle mobilité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/34521141-en
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  • 46
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    Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311053
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 189 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rethinking innovation for a sustainable ocean economy
    Keywords: Meeresnutzung ; Meeresschutz ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt ; Welt ; Environment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Meeresnutzung ; Umwelttechnik ; Technischer Fortschritt
    Abstract: This new OECD report on the ocean economy emphasises the growing importance of science and technologies in improving the sustainable economic development of our seas and ocean. Marine ecosystems sit at the heart of many of the world’s global challenges: food, medicines, new sources of clean energy, climate regulation, job creation and inclusive growth. But we need to safeguard and improve the health of marine ecosystems to support our ever-growing use of marine resources. Innovation in science and technology will play a key role in reconciling these two objectives. This report identifies three priority areas for action based on a number of in-depth case studies: 1) approaches that produce win-win outcomes for ocean business and the ocean environment across a range of marine and maritime applications; 2) the creation of ocean-economy innovation networks; and 3) new pioneering initiatives to improve measurement of the ocean economy.
    Note: Literaturangaben , Acrobat Reader.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311053-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 47
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in Lithuania : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 60 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 02
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/02
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Litauen ; Industry and Services ; Lithuania ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This review provides an in-depth analysis of the Lithuanian policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. Key policy issues analysed include: raising awareness and clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); coordinating policy and legal frameworks (Chapter 3); enhancing the role of social enterprises in public procurement (Chapter 4); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 5); and improving their access to finance (Chapter 6).
    DOI: 10.1787/502fc6ef-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 48
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    Boosting social entrepreneurship and social enterprise development in the Netherlands : in-depth policy review (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 78 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD LEED working papers no. 2019, 01
    Series Statement: OECD Local Economic and Employment Development (LEED) Papers no.2019/01
    Keywords: Sozialwirtschaft ; Innovation ; Sozialer Wandel ; Soziale Folgen ; Kommunale Entwicklung ; Niederlande ; Industry and Services ; Netherlands ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of the Dutch policy ecosystem in place for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises. It identifies the country’s key strengths and challenges and provides policy recommendations to support the development of a stronger policy ecosystem for social entrepreneurship and social enterprises in the country. Key policy issues analysed include: clarifying the conceptual framework (Chapter 2); formally recognising social enterprises and boosting social entrepreneurship (Chapter 3); promoting social impact measurement and reporting (Chapter 4); developing social entrepreneurial capacity and skills (Chapter 5); improving access to markets and finance (Chapters 6 and 7); and ensuring sustainable institutional support for social entrepreneurship and social innovation (Chapter 8).
    DOI: 10.1787/4e8501b8-en
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
    URL: Volltext  (lizenzpflichtig)
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  • 49
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    Waste Management and the Circular Economy in Selected OECD Countries : Evidence from Environmental Performance Reviews (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264702912 , 9789264840584 , 9789264309395
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (116 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Environmental Performance Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Waste management and the circular economy in selected OECD countries
    Keywords: Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; OECD-Staaten ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Abfallwirtschaft ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling
    Abstract: This report provides a cross-country review of waste, materials management and circular economy policies in selected OECD countries, drawing on OECD’s Environmental Performance Reviews during the period 2010-17. It presents the main achievements in the countries reviewed, along with common trends and policy challenges, and provides insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of waste, materials management and circular economy policy frameworks. As the selected reviews were published over a seven-year period, information for some countries may be more recent than for others. Nevertheless, the policy recommendations emerging from the reviews may provide useful lessons for other OECD countries and partner economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309395-en
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  • 50
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    Digital Government Review of Argentina : Accelerating the Digitalisation of the Public Sector (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264925526 , 9789264356351 , 9789264318502
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (150 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Government Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Digital government review of Argentina
    Keywords: E-Government ; Digitalisierung ; Argentinien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Argentina
    Abstract: This Digital Government Review highlights the efforts taking place in Argentina to digitalise and improve data governance in its public sector and build the foundations for a digital government. The review explores Argentina’s institutional, legal and policy frameworks and their strategic role in the digital transformation of the public sector. The report also discusses how to reinforce the capacity of the public sector to “go digital” and better respond to citizens' needs. It explores how ICT procurement, management, and commissioning can help improve public sector accountability and efficiency, as well as support greater policy coherence and compliance with digital government standards. The review ends with a discussion on the state of data governance in the public sector, including data leadership and stewardship, rules and platforms for data production, sharing and interoperability, data protection, data federation, and open government data initiatives.
    DOI: 10.1787/354732cc-en
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  • 51
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    Smart Use of Roads (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282165911
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (44 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report considers the innovative use of existing infrastructure and the adoption of emerging digital technologies to optimise the use of road capacity. It focuses on using big data to identify the traffic bottlenecks in real-time and manage peak demand with innovative measures at the local and network levels. The report examines the effectiveness and efficiency of a range of instruments for active traffic demand management and also considers application issues. It includes a review of the latest road pricing technologies used in several Asian cities.
    DOI: 10.1787/42794582-en
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  • 52
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    Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Austria (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264816244 , 9789264679412 , 9789264874848
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (138 Seiten) , Diagramme
    Series Statement: OECD Skills Studies
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in higher education in Austria
    Keywords: Gründungsausbildung ; Innovation ; Hochschule ; Technologiepolitik ; Hochschulmanagement ; Österreich ; Education ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Austria
    Abstract: The Austrian higher education system has consistently recognised the need to become more entrepreneurial and innovative with a view to supporting the economic, social and cultural development of the country and its regions. Over the past decades, the government has been implementing a broad reform agenda to provide strategic funding, diversify higher education institutions (HEIs) and promote an allocation of students that improves the quality of services and empowers them vis à vis the future of work and society. This review illustrates policy actions promoting the development of entrepreneurial and innovative activities in the Higher Education System and individual HEIs. In addition, based on information gathered during study visits, the review discusses strategies and practices adopted by Austrian HEIs to innovate, engage, and generate value for their own ecosystems and networks. The review is part of a series of national reports implementing the HEinnovate framework. HEinnovate is a holistic framework that the OECD and the European Commission have developed to promote the “entrepreneurial and innovation agenda” in higher education.
    DOI: 10.1787/1c45127b-en
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  • 53
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    SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Ireland (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264515802 , 9789264182875 , 9789264671904
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (300 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Ireland
    Keywords: Mittelstandspolitik ; Unternehmer ; Gründungsförderung ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Irland ; Industry and Services ; Ireland ; Irland ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik
    Abstract: This publication presents the findings of an OECD review of SME and entrepreneurship policy in Ireland. It assesses the challenges for SME and entrepreneurship development and offers recommendations for future policy. SMEs and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the Irish economy, with SMEs accounting for more than 70% of employment. Attitudes to entrepreneurship are positive and SME innovation rates are high. However, SME productivity has not been increasing in recent years, business entry and exit rates are low and few Irish SMEs are directly engaged in exports. There is also untapped potential for entrepreneurship among women, youth and migrants, and variations across the country in SME and entrepreneurship performance. Ireland has a strong set of policies and programmes to address these challenges. The business environment is generally favourable, there are many best practice programmes for supporting high potential SMEs and entrepreneurs, and strong co-ordination of policies across government. At the same time, policies could be strengthened in areas such as growing productivity in medium-sized businesses, increasing the start-up rate, increasing exports, fostering enterprise networks and clusters, drafting a unified SME and entrepreneurship policy strategy document and strengthening the role of Local Enterprise Offices.
    DOI: 10.1787/e726f46d-en
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    América Latina y el Caribe 2019 : Políticas para PYMEs competitivas en la Alianza del Pacífico y países participantes de América del Sur (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264725614
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (580 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Latin America and the Caribbean 2019: Policies for Competitive SMEs in the Pacific Alliance and Participating South American countries
    Keywords: Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: El Índice de Políticas para PYMEs es una herramienta de evaluación comparativa que ha ayudado a economías emergentes en diversas regiones del mundo durante la última década a monitorear y evaluar el progreso de las políticas que apoyan a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. Esta primera aplicación de la metodología del Índice en la región de América Latina y el Caribe abarca los cuatro países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico (Chile, Colombia, México, Perú), así como tres países sudamericanos participantes (Argentina, Ecuador, Uruguay). Es un esfuerzo conjunto entre el Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (CAF) y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) a través de su Programa Regional de América Latina y el Caribe (LACRP), en cooperación con el Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe (SELA) y la “Fundación para El Análisis y Desarrollo Estratégico de la PYME ”(FAEDPYME). Dividido en siete dimensiones de políticas, este informe evalúa las fortalezas y debilidades que existen en las diferentes áreas de diseño, implementación, y monitoreo y evaluación de políticas para PYMEs. Ayuda a medir el nivel de desarrollo de políticas en cada dimensión, y proporciona orientación a los responsables de políticas en la identificación e implementación de futuras reformas alineadas con buenas prácticas internacionales.
    DOI: 10.1787/60745031-es
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    Measuring Distance to the SDG Targets 2019 : An Assessment of Where OECD Countries Stand (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264716742 , 9789264572485 , 9789264762886
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (144 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Measuring distance to the SDG targets 2019
    Keywords: Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; OECD-Staaten ; Education ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Mitgliedsstaaten ; Vereinte Nationen Generalversammlung Sustainable Development Goals
    Abstract: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set a broad and ambitious programme for the world to achieve by 2030. With 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets, the complex and integrated nature of the 2030 Agenda presents national governments with huge challenges for implementation. To assist countries, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets. Based on the UN Global List of 244 indicators, this study evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available. This 2019 edition of the study presents the latest results for OECD countries, both on average and individually, as well as new exploratory approaches to assessing progress over time and transboundary aspects of the SDGs. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, this study aims to support member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/a8caf3fa-en
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    In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264661059
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (159 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als In-depth productivity review of Belgium
    Keywords: Produktivität ; Produktivitätsentwicklung ; Belgien ; Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Belgium ; Belgien ; Produktivität
    Abstract: Belgium has a high level of productivity. However, growth of productivity has declined quite strongly over the past two decades, and more so than in other advanced economies. This is a worrying development, as fewer productivity gains mean less wage growth and a slowdown in improvements to pensions, health care and well-being. This In-Depth Productivity Review of Belgium assesses in detail the drivers of productivity and recommends a 7-Point Action Plan to reignite productivity growth in Belgium. Reviving productivity growth requires action in many areas cutting across governments and ministerial competences. Measures are needed to instil more dynamism in Belgium’s economy, both among businesses and in the labour market, and to make the public finances more growth-oriented. In addition to recommending detailed policy measures to revive productivity growth, the Review contains three analytical chapters that lay out the evidence base: Chapter 1 on economy-wide and sectoral trends in productivity; Chapter 2 on the role of firms for productivity, with a focus on the dispersion of performance among businesses; and Chapter 3 on the worker dimension of productivity, with a focus on the role of wage bargaining and skills.
    DOI: 10.1787/88aefcd5-en
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    Responding to Rising Seas : OECD Country Approaches to Tackling Coastal Risks (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264312487 , 9789264570986 , 9789264489790
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (176 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Hausse du niveau des mers : Les approches des pays de l'OCDE face aux risques côtiers
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Responding to rising seas
    Keywords: Küstenschutz ; OECD-Staaten ; Kanada ; Deutschland ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Environment ; Industry and Services ; OECD ; Deutschland ; Kanada ; Neuseeland ; Großbritannien ; Küstenschutz
    Abstract: There is an urgent need to ensure that coastal areas are adapting to the impacts of climate change. Risks in these areas are projected to increase because of rising sea levels and development pressures. This report reviews how OECD countries can use their national adaptation planning processes to respond to this challenge. Specifically, the report examines how countries approach shared costs and responsibilities for coastal risk management and how this encourages or hinders risk-reduction behaviour by households, businesses and different levels of government. The report outlines policy tools that national governments can use to encourage an efficient, effective and equitable response to ongoing coastal change. It is informed by new analysis on the future costs of sea-level rise, and the main findings from four case studies (Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom).
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264312487-en
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    How's Life in the Digital Age? : Opportunities and Risks of the Digital Transformation for People's Well-being (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264311800 , 9789264313330 , 9789264313323
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (172 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als How's life in the digital age?
    Keywords: Lebensqualität ; Digitalisierung ; Sozialer Indikator ; OECD-Staaten ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report documents how the ongoing digital transformation is affecting people’s lives across the 11 key dimensions that make up the How’s Life? Well-being Framework (Income and wealth, Jobs and earnings, Housing, Health status, Education and skills, Work-life balance, Civic engagement and governance, Social connections, Environmental quality, Personal security, and Subjective well-being). A summary of existing studies highlights 39 key impacts of the digital transformation on people’s well-being. The review shows that these impacts can be positive as digital technologies expand the boundaries of information availability and enhance human productivity, but can also imply risks for people’s well-being, ranging from cyber-bullying to the emergence of disinformation or cyber-hacking. In sum, making digitalisation work for people’s well-being would require building equal digital opportunities, widespread digital literacy and strong digital security. Continued research and efforts in improving statistical frameworks will be needed to expand our knowledge on the many topics covered in this report.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264311800-en
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    Förfalskning och piratkopiering och den svenska ekonomin : Säkerställande av att “Made in Sweden” alltid är det (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264576605 , 9789264659780 , 9789264877863
    Language: Swedish
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (76 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Counterfeiting and Piracy and the Swedish Economy: Making Sure "Made in Sweden" Always Is
    Keywords: Governance ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Sweden
    Abstract: Den svenska ekonomin är innovativ och rik på immateriella tillgångar, då en stor del av företagens värde finns i de immateriella tillgångarna. Den svenska industrin är global och beroende av export. Samtidigt är hotet från piratkopiering stort, och svenska företag är sårbara. Denna rapport visar på piratkopieringens direkta ekonomiska effekter för svenska företag, konsumenter och samhälle. Rapporten belyser både importen av piratkopierade varor till Sverige och de immaterialrättsliga effekterna för svenska företag av den globala handeln med piratkopierade produkter.
    DOI: 10.1787/c924a185-sv
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    The Supply of Medical Isotopes : An Economic Diagnosis and Possible Solutions (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264544703 , 9789264457188 , 9789264625099
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (130 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The supply of medical isotopes
    Keywords: Medizinprodukt ; Strahlentherapie ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Nuklearmedizin
    Abstract: This report explores the main reasons behind the unreliable supply of Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in health-care systems and policy options to address the issue. Tc-99m is used in 85% of nuclear medicine diagnostic scans performed worldwide – around 30 million patient examinations every year. These scans allow diagnoses of diseases in many parts of the human body, including the skeleton, heart and circulatory system, and the brain. Medical isotopes are subject to radioactive decay and have to be delivered just-in-time through a complex supply chain. However, ageing production facilities and a lack of investment have made the supply of Tc-99m unreliable. This report analyses the use and substitutability of Tc-99m in health care, health-care provider payment mechanisms for scans, and the structure of the supply chain. It concludes that the main reasons for unreliable supply are that production is not economically viable and that the structure of the supply chain prevents producers from charging prices that reflect the full costs of production and supply.
    DOI: 10.1787/9b326195-en
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    Comment l’action publique peut faire toute la différence pour les petites et moyennes entreprises (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe How policy can make a world of difference for small and medium-sized enterprises
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/c1a22f14-fr
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    Le plastique n’est plus fantastique (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The last (plastic) straw?
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/c9cab69d-fr
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    Les cercles vertueux de la Finlande : Pionnière sur la voie de l’économie circulaire, la Finlande tire de précieux enseignements de son expérience (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Why Finland’s running circles around us: Finland is leading the way in developing a circular economy, and drawing valuable lessons too.
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Employment ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/846ac294-fr
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    OECD Productivity Statistics 2018 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Statistiques de l'OCDE sur la productivité 2018
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/pdty-v2018-1-en
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    OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2019 (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264358829 , 9789264722804 , 9789264967663
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (396 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectives de l'OCDE sur les PME et l'entrepreneuriat 2019
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The new OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook presents the latest trends in performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and provides a comprehensive overview of business conditions and policy frameworks for SMEs and entrepreneurs. This year’s edition provides comparative evidence on business dynamism, productivity growth, wage gaps and export trends by firm size across OECD countries and emerging economies. It explores the implications of digitalisation and globalisation for market conditions and SME access to strategic resources such as finance, skills, technology, data and other innovation assets. The report gives comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks and policies to enhance contributions by SMEs and entrepreneurs, and delivers a forward-looking perspective on the opportunities and challenges SMEs and entrepreneurs face in doing business and scaling up their activities. It also contains country profiles outlining the latest developments in national SME performance and business conditions, with expanded country profiles available on line.
    DOI: 10.1787/34907e9c-en
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    En route vers une nouvelle mobilité (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe When the going gets easier
    Titel der Quelle: L'Observateur de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Transport ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/5aa05850-fr
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    Productivity test (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/81649ec8-en
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    The last (plastic) straw? (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Le plastique n’est plus fantastique
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Environment ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services ; Finland
    DOI: 10.1787/c4f7842f-en
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  • 69
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    How policy can make a world of difference for small and medium-sized enterprises (2019)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD Observer
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Comment l’action publique peut faire toute la différence pour les petites et moyennes entreprises
    Titel der Quelle: OECD Observer
    Keywords: Employment ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    DOI: 10.1787/12f12780-en
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    Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable Development (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264303201
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Mainstreaming biodiversity for sustainable development
    Keywords: Artenvielfalt ; Artenschutz ; Entwicklungspolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Development ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The need to mainstream biodiversity into economic growth and development is being increasingly recognised and is now also firmly embedded in the Sustainable Development Goals. Drawing on experiences and insights from 16 predominantly megadiverse countries, this report examines how biodiversity is being mainstreamed in four key areas: 1) at the national level, including national development plans and other strategies, institutional co-ordination and national budgets; 2) the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors; 3) in development co-operation; and 4) the monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity mainstreaming and how this could be improved.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264303201-en
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264303201-en
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    Improving Markets for Recycled Plastics : Trends, Prospects and Policy Responses (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264301016
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (164 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Improving markets for recycled plastics
    DDC: 330
    Keywords: Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Umweltpolitik ; Welt ; Environment ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; Welt ; Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling ; Umweltpolitik ; Welt ; Kunststoff ; Kreislaufwirtschaft ; Recycling ; Umweltpolitik
    Abstract: Plastics have become one of the most prolific materials on the planet: in 2015 we produced about 380 million tonnes of plastics globally, up from 2 million tonnes in the 1950s. Yet today only 15% of this plastic waste is collected and recycled into secondary plastics globally each year. This report looks at why this is the case and what we can do about it, as the pervasiveness of plastics is becoming an urgent public health and planetary problem. Not only is the diffusion of waste plastics into the wider environment creating hugely negative impacts, but plastics production emits approximately 400 million tonnes of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions annually as a result of the energy used in their production, transport, and final waste treatment. Improved plastics collection and recycling represents a promising solution to these concerns.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264301016-en
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    Perspectives de l'économie numérique de l'OCDE 2017 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264297005 , 9789264282490 , 9789264282483
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (376 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe 2017 OECD 디지털경젗 젂망
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe OECD Digital Economy Outlook 2017
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Perspectivas de la OCDE sobre la Economía Digital 2017
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: La publication biennale des Perspectives de l’économie numérique de l’OCDE examine et décrypte les évolutions et les opportunités et défis qui se font jour dans l’économie numérique. Elle met en lumière la manière dont les pays membres et les économies partenaires de l’OCDE tirent parti des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC) et de l’internet pour atteindre leurs objectifs d’action publique. Données comparatives à l’appui, elle signale les pratiques réglementaires et les lignes d’action dont les décideurs peuvent s’inspirer pour optimiser le potentiel de l’économie numérique au service de l’innovation et de la croissance inclusive.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264282483-fr
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    Policies to Extend the Life of Road Assets (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282163740
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (80 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This report presents policy options for extending the life of road assets by mitigating deterioration caused by trucks. Beyond traditional engineering responses, it considers the role of trucks in road asset deterioration from a broader, demand-oriented perspective.
    DOI: 10.1787/a5ed475a-en
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    Safer City Streets : Global Benchmarking for Urban Road Safety (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789282116234
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 p.)
    Series Statement: ITF Research Reports
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Calles más seguras : Benchmarking mundial de seguridad vial urbana
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Transport ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This document aims to support cities in setting road safety targets and to monitor progress in improving urban road safety. Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists account for nearly 80% of urban traffic fatalities. Cities should thus intensify efforts to improve the safety of vulnerable road users. This document presents traffic safety indicators for different road user groups collected in 31 cities to facilitate the evaluation, monitoring and benchmarking of road safety outcomes. It places a particular attention on measuring the risk of fatality per unit distance travelled.
    DOI: 10.1787/e15ad18e-en
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    Meeting Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Bioeconomy (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292345
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (1 Online-Ressource)
    Parallel Title: Available in another form
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Meeting policy challenges for a sustainable bioeconomy
    Keywords: Bioenergie ; Biotechnologie ; Biotechnologie-Industrie ; Gentechnisch erzeugtes Produkt ; OECD-Staaten ; Welt ; Energy ; Agriculture and Food ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: This publication investigates key aspects surrounding the sustainability of bioeconomy development: the use of biomass as feedstock for future production; the design and building of biorefineries for the manufacture of a range of fuels, chemicals and materials, and also for electricity generation; and the use of biotechnologies such as synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and gene editing. Today more than 50 countries have a dedicated bioeconomy strategy or related policies. While the bioeconomy is consistent with sustainability policy (examples are the circular economy, the UN Sustainable Development Goals, green growth, re-industrialisation, rural regeneration, climate change mitigation), synergies must be ensured to avoid over-exploitation of natural resources and conflicting global needs.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292345-en
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264292345-en
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    SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Indonesia 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264306264 , 9789264307117 , 9789264307100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Indonesia 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Indonesien ; Employment ; Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Indonesia
    Abstract: SMEs play an important role for economic growth and social inclusion in Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Co-operatives and SMEs, Indonesian SMEs account for nearly 97% of domestic employment and for 56% of total business investment. Indonesia has a Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Law and a specific ministry dedicated to co-operatives and SMEs. The wealth of public programmes for SMEs could be streamlined, and more could be done to support innovative companies able to generate productive jobs and participate in international markets. The development and implementation of an SME strategy would be instrumental to improve the overall coherence of national policy measures, objectives and measurable targets. The review of SME and entrepreneurship policy of Indonesia is part of a peer-reviewed series, by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, which aims to improve the design, implementation and effectiveness of national SME and entrepreneurship policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306264-en
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    Enhancing Competitiveness in Central Asia (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288133 , 9789264291980 , 9789264297999
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (200 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Competitiveness and Private Sector Development
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Повышение конкурентоспособности в странах Центральной Азии
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Enhancing competitiveness in Central Asia
    Keywords: Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Betriebliches Umfeld ; Zentralasien ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Zentralasien ; Internationaler Wettbewerb ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have recorded impressive economic growth rates since 2000, driven mainly by the export of commodities and labour. However, the end of the commodity super-cycle and the recent economic slowdown highlighted the risks inherent in this reliance on minerals exports and remittances, as well as the challenges to be overcome to achieve more stable and inclusive growth. The Central Asian countries have long recognised the importance of enhancing the competitiveness of their economies, diversifying the production structures and improving the resilience to external shocks. This will require ambitious reforms in three areas: governance, connectivity, and business environment. This publication focuses mostly on aspects of the business environment and reflects several years of OECD work with Central Asian countries on access to finance, business internationalisation and skills development. Each of the country case studies presented here is the result of a country-specific project carried out by the OECD, hand-in-hand with the governments of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288133-en
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  • 78
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    Innovation, Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability in China (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264085299 , 9789264307162 , 9789264307179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Food and Agricultural Reviews
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Innovation, agricultural productivity and sustainability in China
    Keywords: Innovation ; Agrartechnik ; Umwelttechnik ; Agrarproduktion ; Produktivität ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; China ; Agriculture and Food ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; China, People’s Republic
    Abstract: The expansion of agricultural production in China has been remarkable, but at the expense of the sustainable use of its natural resources. To counter this, as well as to face problems due to rising labour costs and a rapidly ageing rural population, agricultural production must concentrate on a smaller number of more productive farms. It is in this light that this report reviews recent policy developments to assess whether they have been conducive to productivity growth and environmental sustainability. It finds that the conditions for structural change and innovation at the farm level in China could be further improved by securing the long-term stability of land rights as well as reducing transaction costs. Greater policy coherence with agri-environmental policy objectives could also be achieved through stricter enforcement of environmental regulations. Finally, the agricultural innovation system could play a greater role by placing the focus on public agricultural R&D in areas such as the environment and resource conservation, and in other areas which do not attract much private sector investment.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264085299-en
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  • 79
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    Revised proposal for the revision of the statistical definitions of biotechnology and nanotechnology (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 22 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 01
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Forschungsstatistik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Agreement on a harmonised application of clear statistical definitions of technologies is pertinent to the delineation of technology fields both with regard to each other and within the context of wider economic developments. Biotechnology and nanotechnology are both enabling technologies, which find applications and give rise to innovations in many industry sectors, contributing to determine wide ranges of economic and societal impact. This document revises the OECD's statistical definition of biotechnology, which had last been reviewed in 2008, and proposes the adoption of a statistical definition of nanotechnology in the same format. The statistical definitions proposed in this document are indicative rather than exhaustive and are expected to change over time as biotechnology and nanotechnology activities evolve.
    DOI: 10.1787/085e0151-en
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  • 80
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    Multinational enterprises and global value chains : new insights on the trade-investment nexus (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 05
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Multinationales Unternehmen ; Betriebliche Wertschöpfung ; Auslandsinvestition ; Außenhandel ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Because of their numerous and large activities across different countries, Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are believed to be central and dominant actors in the global economy. In addition, it has been argued that the growing fragmentation of production within global value chains (GVCs) in the past decades is largely driven by MNEs. It is remarkable then that despite their acclaimed importance, empirical evidence on MNEs is not widely available and largely incomplete, with data only available for a subset of OECD economies. Based on the new OECD analytical AMNE database including information on MNEs across 43 industries and countries on a bilateral basis, this paper derives new insights on the importance of MNEs today. As the new database also allows the linking with the OECD TiVA database, the new evidence additionally discusses in detail the trade and investment nexus within GVCs and suggests that MNEs’ role in GVCs goes beyond trade and investment policy.
    DOI: 10.1787/194ddb63-en
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  • 81
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    Report on statistics and indicators of biotechnology and nanotechnology (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 06
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: 1996 - 2014 ; Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Forschungsstatistik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This report brings together the latest available patenting and bibliometric activity data on biotechnology, nanotechnology and related emerging and converging technologies. The data has been collected by the secretariat to the OECD Working Party on Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Converging Technologies (BNCT). This report combines highlights of the indicators and statistics for both biotechnology and nanotechnology, collated and analysed by the BNCT. It provides a summary of trends and developments in biotechnology and nanotechnology over the last 20 to 25 years, based on the longitudinal analyses of patents. In addition, an experimental indicator, which aims to identify trends and developments of research areas of biotechnology and nanotechnology, was introduced: publication titles of the two technology fields were analysed using a text-mining approach, and an overlay map of the most often use keyword co-occurrences was created, in order to visualise the developments over time in each research area.
    DOI: 10.1787/3c70afa7-en
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  • 82
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    Open and inclusive collaboration in science : a framework (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 29 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 07
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Open Access ; Wissenschaft ; Forschungskooperation ; Definition ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Digitalisation is fundamentally changing science and the paper lays out some of the opportunities, risks and major policy challenges associated with these changes. More specifically, the paper lays out a conceptual framework for open science. This framework incorporates access to data and information, as well as civil society engagement, in the different stages of the scientific research process. It is not meant to be prescriptive but should help different communities to decide on their own priorities within the open science space and to better visualise how these priorities link to different stage of the scientific process and to different actors. Such a framework can be useful also in considering how best to incentivise and measure different aspects of open science.
    DOI: 10.1787/2dbff737-en
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  • 83
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    Trend-analysis of science, technology and innovation policies for BNCTs (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 36 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 08
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Biotechnologie ; Nanotechnologie ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This “Trend-Analysis of Science, Technology and Innovation Policies for BNCTs” aims to analyse policies pertaining to nanotechnology and biotechnology over the past years with regard to their directionality and technology-specificity. The analysis provides some evidence that technology-push policies are favoured for young technology fields, while application-pull policies tend to be applied to more mature fields. In technology-specific policies, the percentage of pure application-pull policies is much lower than that observed for general STI policies. Most individual STI policies are technology-specific in their title or description. Most general STI policies also mention a specific technology and are thus applicable to both the field of general STI and the field of the respective technology. In the case of biotechnology, nanotechnology and ICT, by contrast, at least one third of the policies are unique to the respective field, and only up to a quarter are shared with any other technology field.
    DOI: 10.1787/1566a6ce-en
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  • 84
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    Gene editing in an international context : scientific, economic and social issues across sectors (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 51 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 04
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Gentechnik ; Technologiepolitik ; Welt ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Arbeitspapier ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gene editing techniques represent a major advance in the field of biotechnological research and application, promising significant benefits across the domains of human health, sustainability and the economy. There is broad agreement that gene editing techniques go beyond incremental advances of past biotechnologies. However, harnessing the potential of gene editing techniques will require meeting significant policy challenges in arenas of governance, ethics, and public engagement. This report summarises the discussions of a group of international experts of science, technology and policy, as well as policymakers at a dedicated workshop entitled “Gene editing in an international context: scientific, economic and social issues across sectors” in Ottawa, Canada on 29-30 September 2016.
    DOI: 10.1787/38a54acb-en
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  • 85
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    Issues in neurotechnology governance (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 24 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 11
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Neurowissenschaften ; Gesundheitspolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Addressing the effects of population ageing, including the increase in mental illnesses and neurological disorders, remains a top priority for many countries and is reflected at the highest levels of international dialogue. Governments, funders, and companies around the world are making unprecedented investments in brain research and the development of neurotechnologies. Advances in brain science and neurotechnology present major opportunities for health innovation and societal benefits, but also raise difficult questions at the intersection of science, society and economy. This report provides a summary of the main discussion points emerging from the Expert Consultation on “Neurotechnology and Society”, held on 14-15 September 2017, in Washington D.C., United States. Meeting participants acknowledged the increasingly international enterprise of neurotechnological innovation. Recommendations for addressing pressing ethical, legal, social, economic and cultural challenges may be beneficial to ensure responsible advancement of emerging neurotechnologies. Consideration of these issues should span laboratory, clinical, and industry settings.
    DOI: 10.1787/c3256cc6-en
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  • 86
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    Gene editing for advanced therapies : governance, policy and society (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 46 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 12
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Gentechnik ; Medizinische Behandlung ; Gesundheitspolitik ; Technologiepolitik ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: Gene editing aims to modify the genetic sequence at a precise genomic location. Recent breakthroughs in gene editing techniques such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system have ushered in a new era for gene editing and health innovation. The purpose of the Expert Meeting (6-7 July 2017, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Berlin, Germany) was to explore the core scientific, legal, regulatory and societal challenges facing the responsible development and use of gene editing in somatic cells for advanced therapies. Experts noted that the trajectory of gene editing in research and development and the uptake of future therapies in the clinical setting remain unclear due to uncertainties in the scientific, regulatory, and economic landscapes. Many policy issues are also raised in the context of other emerging technologies. Governance must cope with a moving technical frontier and some level of uncertainty around risks and benefits.
    DOI: 10.1787/8d39d84e-en
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  • 87
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Austria 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264309470
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (216 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Governance ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Austria
    Abstract: Over the past two decades, Austria has become one of the most R&D intensive economies among OECD countries and in the world, dedicating 3.1% of its GDP on R&D in 2016, the second highest figure in the European Union. To fully harness this R&D capacity, Austrian innovation policy needs to put a stronger emphasis on efficiency in transforming R&D inputs into impacts. To achieve higher impacts, Austria also needs to steer its research and innovation system towards leadership excellence in global markets. This requires enhanced international attractiveness for top-level researchers and talent, and a conducive environment for highly innovative enterprises. Austria could also benefit from strengthening R&D and innovation to support key transitions, such as digitalisation and Industry 4.0, and to tackle key societal challenges. The STI policy mix and governance arrangements should be adapted accordingly.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264309470-en
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  • 88
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    The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018 : Interim Assessment of Key SME Reforms (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264304161 , 9789264306653 , 9789264306646
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (168 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: SME Policy Index
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا المتوسطية 2018: التقييم المرحلي للإصلاحات المتعلقة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Mittelstandspolitik ; MENA-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services ; MENA-Region ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Reform
    Abstract: This report provides an in-depth analysis of major reforms undertaken between 2014 and 2018 to promote micro, small and medium-sized enterprise development in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority and Tunisia. The report focuses on five strategic areas for SME policy making: SME definitions, statistics and institutions; improving business environments for SMEs and entrepreneurs; fostering access to finance; nurturing start-ups and SME growth; and the development of entrepreneurial human capital. The report aims to showcase good practices and to point to areas where more efforts are needed. It provides valuable guidance for governments, private sector organisations, multilateral bodies and other stakeholders to intensify their efforts to support SMEs as essential vehicles for jobs and competitiveness. This is particularly relevant in a region striving to boost economic diversification, employment creation and the inclusion of youth and women in the economy. The report is the result of a process of close collaboration among governments, the OECD, the European Training Foundation and the European Commission.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264304161-en
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  • 89
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    Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile : Reaping the Benefits of New Frontiers (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264288379
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (152 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Development Pathways
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Production transformation policy review of Chile
    Keywords: Produktionsstruktur ; Produktionstechnik ; Industriepolitik ; Internationale Arbeitsteilung ; Chile ; Governance ; Development ; Industry and Services ; Chile
    Abstract: Chile is a relatively stable, well-connected, open economy. Over the last decade the country has managed to increase its participation in global value chains and to export new products. However, its knowledge base is limited, productivity is stagnating and economic opportunities are still concentrated in a few places and limited to a few activities and firms. Today’s global production revolution offers a window of opportunity for Chile to “update” its growth model to become more inclusive and sustainable. The Production Transformation Policy Review of Chile (PTPR) uses a forward-looking framework to assess the country readiness to embrace change, with perspectives on solar energy, mining and agro-food, and identifies priorities for future reforms. This review is the result of government-business dialogue and rigorous analysis. It benefitted from peer learning from Sweden, Germany and the Emilia Romagna Region in Italy through the OECD Initiative for Policy Dialogue on Global Value Chains, Production Transformation and Development.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264288379-en
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  • 90
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    SME and Entrepreneurship Policy in Kazakhstan 2018 (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264301450
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (236 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Studies on SMEs and Entrepreneurship
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als SME and entrepreneurship policy in Kazakhstan 2018
    Keywords: 2018 ; KMU ; Unternehmer ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Mittelstandspolitik ; Kasachstan ; Employment ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Kazakhstan ; Kasachstan ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Entrepreneurship
    Abstract: The government of Kazakhstan has set an objective to substantially increase the contribution of SMEs and entrepreneurs to employment and value added in the economy. Although there are large numbers of SMEs and entrepreneurs in the country, achieving this growth will require a step change in the productivity of existing SMEs and the emergence of many more medium-sized and growth-oriented firms. This report shows the important achievements of the government in creating a clear vision and structures for SME and entrepreneurship policy, including major improvements in business regulations and through the introduction of the Business Road Map 2020 programme offering direct supports to SMEs and entrepreneurs in areas such as financing and infrastructure. It also highlights the current challenge of doing more to strengthen management capabilities, skills, and innovation in SMEs and new enterprises, and makes a range of specific recommendations for policy actions including further building the incubator and Entrepreneurship Support Centre infrastructure, introducing dedicated support for high-growth potential enterprises, and stimulating supply chain linkages around foreign director investors.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264301450-en
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  • 91
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    Mark-ups in the digital era (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 26 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 10
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Mark-up Pricing ; Marktmacht ; Digitalisierung ; Technischer Fortschritt ; OECD-Staaten ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This paper examines the evolution of firm mark-ups across 26 countries for the period 2001-14. It also discusses and investigates empirically how this can be related to the degree of digital transformation in sectors. Four main facts emerge: i) mark-ups are increasing over the period, on average across country; ii) this result is driven by firms at the top of the mark-up distribution, while the bottom half of the distribution exhibits a flat trend over time; (iii) mark-ups are higher in digital-intensive sectors than in less-digitally intensive sectors; (iv) mark-up differentials between digitally-intensive and less-digitally-intensive sectors have increased significantly over time.
    DOI: 10.1787/4efe2d25-en
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  • 92
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    A taxonomy of digital intensive sectors (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 48 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers 2018, 14
    Series Statement: OECD science, technology and industry working papers
    Keywords: Vereinte Nationen ; 2001 - 2015 ; Industrie ; Klassifikation ; Digitalisierung ; Industrie 4.0 ; Science and Technology ; Industry and Services ; Amtsdruckschrift ; Graue Literatur
    Abstract: This study proposes a taxonomy of sectors according to the extent to which they have gone digital. The taxonomy accounts for some of the key facets of the digital transformation, and recognises that sectors differ in their development and adoption of the most advanced “digital” technologies, in the human capital needed to embed them in production and in the extent to which digital tools are used to deal with clients and suppliers. The indicators used to classify 36 ISIC revision 4 sectors over the period 2001-15 are: share of ICT tangible and intangible (i.e. software) investment; share of purchases of intermediate ICT goods and services; stock of robots per hundreds of employees; share of ICT specialists in total employment; and the share of turnover from online sales. The study further proposes an overall summary indicator of the digital transformation in sectors which encompasses all the considered dimensions.
    DOI: 10.1787/f404736a-en
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  • 93
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    Analysing megatrends to better shape the future of tourism (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 70 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2018, 02
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: The future of tourism will be impacted by large-scale social, economic, political, environmental and technological changes, bringing new and often unseen challenges, threats and opportunities. These “megatrends” are slow to form, but once they have taken root, exercise a profound and lasting influence on human activities, processes and perceptions, including for tourism. Four megatrends are likely to have significant impacts and relevance for tourism: i) evolving visitor demand; ii) sustainable tourism growth; iii) enabling technologies; and iv) travel mobility. Exploring the multidimensional implications of these megatrends to 2040 is important to inform policy and shape the future of tourism. This Tourism Paper develops a range of plausible scenarios and potential policy responses for the megatrends mentioned above, it then examines how policy makers can better prepare for megatrends, and presents a set of guiding principles for effective strategic foresight in tourism.
    DOI: 10.1787/d465eb68-en
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  • 94
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    Effective policy approaches for quality investment in tourism (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 106 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: OECD tourism papers no. 2018, 03
    Keywords: Industry and Services
    Abstract: Investment is essential to build a competitive and sustainable tourism sector. This Tourism Paper examines effective policy approaches to boost the quantity and quality of investment in tourism. It reviews the enabling conditions and barriers to promoting investment that can foster sustainable and inclusive tourism growth. Policy considerations to encourage quality investment in tourism are discussed, including the importance of cross-government co-ordination, leveraging strategies to maximise the quality and impact of tourism investment, mainstreaming sustainability into investment decision-making frameworks, and building capacity to future-proof tourism investment in a digital economy. Case studies of investment approaches in a number of countries are presented to support the policy discussion.
    DOI: 10.1787/88ea780c-en
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  • 95
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    Trade in Counterfeit Goods and the Italian Economy : Protecting Italy's intellectual property (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264302426
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Illicit Trade
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Il commercio di beni contraffatti e l'economia Italiana: Tutelare la proprietà intellettuale dell'Italia
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Trade in counterfeit goods and the Italian economy
    Keywords: Produktpiraterie ; Immaterialgüterrechte ; Wirtschaftlicher Schaden ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Italien ; Governance ; Industry and Services ; Italy
    Abstract: The Italian economy is innovative and rich in intellectual property (IP), with nearly every industry either producing or using IP. Italian IP-intensive industries are very well integrated in the global economy, through active participation in global value chains. At the same time, the threats of counterfeiting and piracy are growing – and Italy is vulnerable. This report measures the direct, economic effects of counterfeiting on Italian consumers, the Italian retail and manufacturing industry, and the Italian governments. It examines both the impact that the imports of fake products to Italy has on these three groups and the impact on the Italian intellectual property rights holders of the global trade in fake products that infringe their IP rights.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264302426-en
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  • 96
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    Energy Subsidy Reform in the Republic of Moldova : Energy Affordability, Fiscal and Environmental Impacts (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264292833
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: Green Finance and Investment
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Reforma subvențiilor energetice în Republica Moldova: Accesibilitatea la energie, impactul fiscal și de mediu
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Energy subsidy reform in the Republic of Moldova
    Keywords: Energiepolitik ; Subvention ; Reform ; Öffentlicher Haushalt ; Umweltökonomik ; Moldawien ; Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: This report looks at the fiscal, environmental and social impacts of energy subsidy reform in Moldova with a particular focus on energy affordability. Reduced value added tax (VAT) rate on natural gas consumption and a VAT exemption on electricity and heat consumption by domestic users represent the largest fossil-fuel consumer subsidies in Moldova. Reforming these will imply an increase of the VAT rate, which will lead to an increase of gas, electricity and heat tariffs for households, and will in turn affect household consumption levels, related expenditures and energy affordability. If reform measures are to work, they will need to be accompanied by a carefully-designed social policy to protect poor households.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264292833-en
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  • 97
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    Indigenous Employment and Skills Strategies in Canada (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264300477 , 9789264305892 , 9789264305977
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (108 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews on Local Job Creation
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Indigenous employment and skills strategies in Canada
    Keywords: Indigene Völker ; Erwerbstätigkeit ; Qualifikation ; Arbeitsmarktpolitik ; Kanada ; Employment ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Industry and Services ; Canada
    Abstract: This report looks at a range of key labour market, economic and social indicators related to Canada’s growing Indigenous population, which comprises First Nations, Inuit and Métis. In 2016, there were over 1.6 million Indigenous People in Canada, accounting for 4.9% of the total population, which is a significant increase from 3.8% in 2006. The report looks at the implementation of the federal government’s Indigenous Skills and Employment Training Strategy through in-depth analysis across four case study areas, including 1) the Centre for Aboriginal Human Resources and Development in Winnipeg, Manitoba; 2) Community Futures Treaty Seven in Calgary, Alberta; 3) MAWIW Council in Fredericton, New Brunswick; and 4) Kiikenomaga Kikenjigewen Employment and Training Services (KKETS) in Thunder Bay, Ontario. The report highlights critical success factors to better link Indigenous People to high quality jobs while also providing recommendations regarding future labour market and skills programming for Indigenous People in Canada.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264300477-en
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  • 98
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    Reforma subvențiilor energetice în Republica Moldova : Accesibilitatea la energie, impactul fiscal și de mediu (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264306462
    Language: Romanian
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (92 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe Energy Subsidy Reform in the Republic of Moldova: Energy Affordability, Fiscal and Environmental Impacts
    Keywords: Environment ; Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Industry and Services ; Moldova, Republic of
    Abstract: Acest raport prezintă principalele constatări și concluzii ale analizei accesibilității energiei ca urmare a reformării schemelor majore de subvenționare energetică în Moldova. Cele trei mari scheme de sprijin guvernamental care reprezintă cea mai mare parte a subvențiilor pentru consumatorii de combustibili fosili din Moldova sunt cota redusă a taxei pe valoarea adăugată (TVA) pentru consumul de gaze naturale și scutirea de TVA pentru consumul de energie electrică și termică de către utilizatorii casnici. Cota standard a TVA-ului în Moldova este de 20%, însă TVA-ul pentru gazele consumate de gospodării este de 8%, iar pentru consumul de energie electrică și termică este de 0%. Stabilirea unei cote mai mici decât cea standard a TVA-ului pentru consumul de gaze, energie electrică și termică a generat subvenția. Reformarea celor trei scheme de subvenționare energetică va implica o majorare a cotei TVA-ului, care va duce la o creștere ulterioară a tarifelor la gaz, electricitate și energie termică pentru gospodării. Această majorare a tarifelor va afecta nivelul consumului casnic și cheltuielile aferente, și va avea un impact asupra accesibilității la energie a gospodăriilor. Prin urmare, măsurile de reformă vor trebui să fie însoțite de o politică socială bine concepută care să protejeze gospodăriile sărace. Accesibilitatea energiei este o preocupare politică esențială pentru factorii de decizie din Moldova. Obiectivul principal al acestei analize este de a informa guvernul Republicii Moldova cu privire la impactul fiscal, ecologic și, în special, social al reformării acestor subvenții și de a-l ajuta să ia decizii bine justificate.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264306462-ro
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  • 99
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    Politiques en faveur des PME : Moyen-Orient méditerranéen et Afrique du Nord 2018 : Évaluation intermédiaire des principales réformes en faveur des PME (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264307612 , 9789264308305 , 9789264308299
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 p.) , 21 x 28cm.
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا المتوسطية 2018: التقييم المرحلي للإصلاحات المتعلقة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة الحجم
    Parallel Title: Parallele Sprachausgabe The Mediterranean Middle East and North Africa 2018: Interim Assessment of Key SME Reforms
    Keywords: Finance and Investment ; Governance ; Development ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Ce rapport présente une analyse approfondie des principales réformes entreprises entre 2014 et 2018 pour promouvoir le développement des très petites, petites et moyennes entreprises dans huit économies du Sud du Bassin méditerranéen (Algérie, Égypte, Israël, Jordanie, Liban, Maroc, Autorité Palestinienne et Tunisie). Le rapport se concentre sur cinq domaines stratégiques pour l’élaboration des politiques en faveur des PME : les définitions des PME, les statistiques et les institutions, mais aussi comment améliorer l'environnement des affaires pour les PME et les entrepreneurs, favoriser l'accès au financement et soutenir les start-ups et la croissance des PME, sans oublier bien sûr le développement du capital humain entrepreneurial. Le rapport vise à présenter des bonnes pratiques et à indiquer les domaines dans lesquels des efforts supplémentaires sont nécessaires. Il fournit des conseils précieux aux gouvernements, aux organisations du secteur privé, aux organismes multilatéraux et aux autres parties prenantes. Il s’agit de redoubler d’efforts afin de soutenir les PME, qui sont autant de vecteurs essentiels de l’emploi et de la compétitivité. Cela est particulièrement pertinent dans une région qui s'efforce de stimuler la diversification économique, la création d'emplois et l'inclusion des jeunes et des femmes dans l'économie. Ce rapport est le fruit d’une collaboration étroite entre les gouvernements, l'OCDE, la Fondation européenne pour la formation et la Commission européenne.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264307612-fr
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  • 100
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    Measuring Employment Generated by the Nuclear Power Sector (2018)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264305960
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (96 p.)
    Keywords: Energy ; Nuclear Energy ; Economics ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: The nuclear energy sector employs a considerable workforce around the world, and with nuclear power projected to grow in countries with increasing electricity demand, corresponding jobs in the nuclear power sector will also grow. Using the most available macroeconomic model to determine total employment – the “input/output” model – the Nuclear Energy Agency and International Atomic Energy Agency collaborated to measure direct, indirect and induced employment from the nuclear power sector in a national economy. The results indicate that direct employment during site preparation and construction of a single unit 1 000 megawatt-electric advanced light water reactor at any point in time for 10 years is approximately 1 200 professional and construction staff, or about 12 000 labour years. For 50 years of operation, approximately 600 administrative, operation and maintenance, and permanently contracted staff are employed annually, or about 30 000 labour years. For up to 10 years of decommissioning, about 500 people are employed annually, or around 5 000 labour years. Finally, over an approximate period of 40 years, close to 80 employees are managing nuclear waste, totalling around 3 000 labour years. A total of about 50 000 direct labour-years per gigawatt. Direct expenditures on these employees and equipment generate approximately the same number of indirect employment, or about 50 000 labour years; and direct and indirect expenditures generate about the same number of induced employment, or 100 000 labour years. Total employment in the nuclear power sector of a given national economy is therefore roughly 200 000 labour years over the life cycle of a gigawatt of nuclear generating capacity.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264305960-en
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