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  • HU-Berlin Edoc  (1,324)
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  • 101
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (192 Seiten)
    Additional Information: Berlin : Gesellschaft für Ethnographie (GfE), Institut für Europäische Ethnologie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024 ,87
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Zeitschrift ; modern urbanism ; urban landscapes ; air pollution ; soil pollution ; climate crisis ; urban anthropology ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: The Western world has traditionally viewed cities in opposition to the natural elements, constructing modernist urban spaces to resist the forces of water, air, fire, and earth. Today, urban societies are haunted again by the overflows and burning presences of the elements they have tried to ban. In the face of ongoing climate crises, social sciences and humanities often treat "nature" and natural elements as urbanized, shaped by urban processes rather than influencing them. How can urban anthropology develop a more integral perspective on the interaction of cities and the elementals, one that acknowledges their vitality and agency? An elemental urbanism positions cities as crucial sites in the so-called critical zone, where bodily, conceptual and political attunements to the delicate flows and interdependencies of planetary processes take shape.
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  • 102
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  89, Seiten 113-116
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89, Seiten 113-116
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Algeria ; Berlin ; demonstrations ; GDR ; Hirak ; Kabylia ; multidirectional memories ; Algerien ; Berlin ; Demonstrationen ; DDR ; Hirak ; Kabylei ; multidirektionale Erinnerungen ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In this letter to her grandmother, who is based in Algeria’s region of Kabylia, the author travels across national boundaries, and across various posts, in a way that is deeply personal but speaks to the experience and memories of many who live in Germany today.
    Abstract: In diesem Brief an ihre Großmutter, die in der algerischen Region der Kabylei lebt, reist die Autorin über nationale Grenzen und verschiedene 'posts' hinweg. Dies passiert auf eine Art und Weise, die sehr persönlich ist, aber auch die Erfahrungen und Erinnerungen vieler Menschen berührt, die heute in Deutschland leben.
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  • 103
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Masterarbeit Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2024
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; LGBTQ+ ; Queer Economics ; wage gap ; Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition ; OLS Mincer wage regression ; sexual orientation ; LGBTQ+ ; Queer Economics ; wage gap ; Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition ; OLS Mincer wage regression ; sexual orientation ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Diese Studie untersucht den Einfluss der sexuellen Orientierung auf das Einkommen im deutschen Arbeitsmarkt. Anhand von Daten aus der Sozio-oekonomischen Panelstudie aus dem Jahr 2020 analysiere ich die Lohnunterschiede zwischen heterosexuellen und nicht-heterosexuellen Arbeitnehmern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nicht-heterosexuelle Männer etwa 7,7% weniger verdienen als ihre heterosexuellen Kollegen, während lesbische oder bisexuelle Frauen einen Einkommensvorteil von 4,22% erfahren, obwohl dieser statistisch nicht signifikant ist. Weitere Analysen, die sich auf europäisch geborene Vollzeitbeschäftigte konzentrieren, bestätigen diese Trends, wenn auch mit geringerer statistischer Signifikanz. Die Oaxaca-Blinder-Dekomposition hebt Faktoren hervor, die zur Lohnlücke beitragen, wobei Diskriminierung und berufliche Segregation die Haupttreiber hinter den Lohnunterschieden sind. Darüber hinaus betont diese Studie die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung und politischer Maßnahmen, um derartige Ungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt anzugehen.
    Abstract: This study investigates the impact of sexual orientation on earnings in the German labour market. Using data from the Socio-Economic Panel survey from the year 2020, I analyse wage differentials between heterosexual and non-heterosexual workers. The findings reveal that nonheterosexual men earn approximately 7.7% less than their heterosexual counterparts, while lesbian or bisexual women experience a 4.22% income premium, though statistically insignificant. Further analysis focusing on European-born full-time workers confirms these trends, although with reduced statistical significance. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition highlights factors contributing to the wage gap, with discrimination and occupational sorting being the main drivers behind the wage disparities. Furthermore, this study emphasises the need for further research and policy interventions to address labour market inequalities of this kind.
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  • 104
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Taylor & Francis : London [u.a.], 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20,1
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: Epistemic agonism ; social ecological systems ; participatory modelling ; subjectivity ; performativity ; interdisciplinarity ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In this paper we extend the use of a relational approach to simulation modelling, a widely used knowledge practice in sustainability science. Among modellers, there is awareness that model results can only be interpreted in view of the assumptions that inform model construction and analysis, but less systematic questioning of those assumptions. Moreover, current methodological discussions tend to focus on integrating social and ecological dynamics or diverse knowledges and data within a model. Yet choices regarding types of modelling, model structure, data handling, interpretation of results and model validation are not purely epistemic. They are entangled with values, contexts of production and use, power relations, and pragmatic considerations. Situated Modelling extends a relational understanding of the world to scientific knowledge production and with that to modelling itself in order to enable a systematic interrogation of these choices and to research social-ecological transformations relationally. To make tangible the situatedness of simulation modelling, we build on existing practices and describe the situatedness of three distinct modelling approaches. We then suggest four guiding principles for Situated Modelling: 1. attending to the apparatus of knowledge production that is socially and materially embedded and produced by e.g. research infrastructures, power relations, and ways of thinking; 2. considering how agency is distributed between model, world, data, modeller in model construction; 3. creating heterogenous collectives which together occupy the formerly individualised subject position; and 4. using agonism as an epistemic virtue to retain and work with significant differentiations of social-ecological dynamics throughout the modelling process.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 105
  • 106
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 6
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: TikTok ; Muslim women ; third space theory ; influencers ; marginalized groups ; intersectionality ; Germany ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Introduction: Social media has become a central part of everyday life, providing spaces for communication, self-expression, and social mobilization. TikTok, specifically, has emerged as a prominent platform for marginalized groups, providing opportunities for activism and representation. However, research falls short in examining the specific role of TikTok for Muslim women in Germany who face intersecting forms of marginalization. This shortcoming reflects a broader lack of research on the experiences of marginalized groups within TikTok’s logics and affordances, and what functions the platform fulfills for these communities. Against this backdrop, this study examines TikTok’s role as a platform for Muslim female content creators in Germany and its broader implications for marginalized communities. Our research is guided by the following questions: (a) What are the main themes and topics that are being brought forward by Muslim women content creators on TikTok? (b) What technical affordances do they use to communicate their content? (c) What functions does TikTok fulfill for Muslim women as an intersectionally marginalized group?. Methods: We analyze 320 videos from 32 public TikTok accounts identified through snowball sampling. Data collection includes automated web scraping, manual transcription, and qualitative coding. This allows us to identify main topics, video formats, and content types to answer our research questions. Results: Our findings show that Muslim women produce diverse content on TikTok, ranging from beauty and lifestyle to religious education and social justice. They shape the platform’s functionalities through creative use, while TikTok’s algorithm and virality logic drive creators to blend entertainment with personal content. The hijab emerges as a unique issue, framed within both political and fashion discourses. Overall, TikTok functions as a “third space” where Muslim women challenge mainstream stereotypes and offer alternative interpretations of their identity. While TikTok provides empowerment and visibility, it also exposes Muslim women to hate speech and harassment. The platform provides tools to counter these issues, but the underlying social hierarchies often limit their visibility, making TikTok both a site of empowerment and vulnerability. Discussion: This study highlights the need for further research into the role of social media for marginalized groups, particularly across platforms, gender, and religion.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 107
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 159-166
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: heat ; waves ; cooling infrastructure ; future imaginaries ; climate change ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This paper is an exploration into future imaginaries of heat. In May 2022, Elisabeth and Jorge, the authors of the paper, met Juli, a heat researcher, who invited them into a time travel to a future world where and when heat is at the core of public life. In their imaginary journey they travel across three different loops, each of them increasingly hotter. In their travel they encounter multiple knowledges and technologies that future citizens of the world have invented and developed to cope with and mitigate heat, and they somehow experience them.
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  • 108
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 143-157
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 143-157
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: unhoused ; homeless ; heatwaves ; Anthropocene ; problematization ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Increasing temperatures during summer put the health of unhoused people at risk in Berlin. This article examines an NGO heat relief project as a specific problematization of the phenomenon of urban heat. The paper combines qualitative interviews with unhoused activists, potential clients, and project staff with participant observation as a volunteer at the heat relief project. It finds that the heat relief project employs an experimental approach that attempts to enroll a variety of actors to join its problematization. However, this problematization is contested by activists and unhoused people, as they have their own strategies for dealing with urban heat. Another finding is that due to its seasonal nature and unpredictability, urban heat holds the potential to engage and disengage actors and shape political action. This paper contributes to research on climate change's effects on so-called 'vulnerable' communities and the different ways urban heat holds political potential.
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  • 109
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 131-141
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 131-141
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: urban gardening ; urban planning ; public spaces ; comfort ; care ; Munich ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In recent years, many cities in Germany have reevaluated the role of urban gardening projects in the context of broader concerns with the sustainability of food systems. Using the example of three different urban gardening projects in Munich we take a look at obstacles, resistances and conflicts that urban gardening encounters when moving into open public spaces. Our inquiry seeks to address the following questions: What challenges do urban gardening projects face? Can they be integrated into open urban spaces? And, if so, what challenges do these projects pose to design ideals of urban public space? Gardening contradicts current norms and imaginaries of what constitutes a “good” public space, which is supposed to be designed for (human) comfort. We suggest that comfort in public spaces must be re-imagined as the outcome of active engagement in the production and maintenance of urban gardens and should include the production of a comfortable space for non-human urban inhabitants. We conclude that urban gardening promotes a careful and caring use of public space.
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  • 110
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 119-130
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 119-130
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: care ; compost ; more-than-human ; ecosystem services ; soil ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In compost, the relationship between humans, more-than-humans and the environment is diffuse because it involves the active participation of an entire food web. The entanglements embedded in the composting process(es) can be studied by attempting to understand the care needed to keep a compost active and how this relates to more-than-humans. We conducted interviews with two composting advocates in Berlin and visited the Peace of Land’s composting facility. In our work, we discuss the different perspectives of the two to shed light on their motivations for the care work they provide. In doing so, we combine their responses based on practical experience with theoretical reflections. Both interviewees expressed a similar view about the reciprocal relationship between humans and more-than-humans, suggesting that composting is a simple practice that allows us to “give back” to the earth rather than just take from it. Further, the interviewees described composting as a continuous learning process that requires constant work, learning, and maintenance. Finally, the act of composting involves an ongoing interconnectedness between humans and more-than-humans. This entanglement leads us to the need to redefine anthropocentric concepts such as the concept of ecosystem services, where the role of more-than-humans has been less discussed.
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  • 111
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 43-50
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: rainwater retention basin ; Floating e.V. ; three-way hybrid ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This paper explores the concept of emerging hybrid urban realms by capturing a notion of hybridity. The focus is on a rainwater retention basin that has been transformed into a space for events and workshops by the Floating e. V., an artist-run association. Using a more-than-human perspective, this work highlights the importance of understanding the relational networks that shape our world and adopting a humble observing position to comprehend emerging modern categories in spaces like this. The hybrid spatial perspective offers an alternative to the divisions created by the poles of modernity, emphasising the interconnected system of relationships and responses. In this context, the paper discusses the Floating e. V.'s utilisation of the "three-way hybrid" and the concept of "response" in line with the perspectives of Whatmore and Latour on hybridity. The paper concludes by emphasising the need to acknowledge that conditions are continually evolving due to the actions of all participants, and a hybrid understanding of these realms offers a valuable lens through which we can better understand the complexities of our changing world.
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  • 112
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 51-62
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 51-62
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: more-than-human ; temporalities ; urban soils ; SF writing ; multispecies ethnography ; Berlin ; care and attentiveness ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: The following article makes a claim for a way of thinking that considers the entangled web of living and non-living facing the challenges of the anthropocene. More specifically, it considers urban soil life as a matter of care and a matter of of representation. Inspired by the work of e.g. Haraway and Puig de la Bellacasa, and taking an interdisciplinary approach between physical and human geography, as well as gender studies, this article aims to point out the (im)possibility of gaps in the (re)production of scientific knowledge. It does so by focusing on science fiction stories, thus opening up a space for thinking care politically by imagining (im)possible futures set in the area of the Floating University, in Berlin.
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  • 113
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 63-76
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 63-76
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Kohleabbau ; Wasser ; Anthropozän ; anthropozäne Landschaften ; sensory ethnography ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Das Lausitzer Kohlerevier soll zur Auflugs- und Urlaubsregion für Großstädter werden. Stillgelegte Tagebaue werden mit Wasser geflutet und so das Lausitzer Seenland gestaltet. Gleichzeitig führt hier ein komplexes Zusammenspiel hydrochemischer, geologischer und technischer Prozesse dazu, dass sich Jahrzehnte nach dem Schließen eines Großteils der Tagebaue Gewässer in der Region braun färben – das Phänomen wird Braune Spree genannt. In diesem Artikel nehme ich diese Bergbaufolgelandschaften als spezifisch anthropozäne Landschaften in den Blick. Dabei arbeite ich Reibungen zwischen den vermeintlich ‚blühenden Landschaften‘ der zukünftigen Tourismusregion und den unintendierten Auswirkungen des Kohleabbaus – die ich mit Tsing et al. als feral dynamics (zu Deutsch ungezähmte Dynamiken) fasse – heraus. Durch den Blick auf diese Reibungen wird deutlich, wie sich in der Inszenierung der Gestaltung des Lausitzer Seenlands eine Fortschrittserzählung fortzuschreiben scheint, die wiederum durch das Phänomen Braune Spree verunsichert wird.
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  • 114
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  89, Seiten 117-128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89, Seiten 117-128
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: anticolonial movements ; coloniality of power ; experimental cartography ; multidirectional imagination ; philosophy of relation ; Antikoloniale Bewegungen ; Kolonialität der Macht ; experimentelle Kartografie ; multidirektionale Imagination ; Philosophie der Relation ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: This essay describes the social context, main intentions and theoretical considerations that informed the production of the map Across the Lines.
    Abstract: Dieses Essay beschreibt den gesellschaftlichen Kontext, die Hauptintentionen und theoretischen Überlegungen, die die Produktion der Karte Grenzgänge beinflusst haben. 
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  • 115
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  89, Seiten 99-112
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89, Seiten 99-112
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: inklusives Erinnern ; multidirektionales Denken ; Opferhierarchie ; Schreiben ; Weltgedächtnis ; inclusive remembering ; multidrectional thinking ; victim hierarchy ; writing ; world memory ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Das 2022 bei Propyläen in Berlin erschienene Buch Den Schmerz der Anderen begreifen. Holocaust und Weltgedächtnis setzt multidirektionales Denken in eine Praxis der Recherche und des Schreibens um. Dieser Beitrag reflektiert den Entstehungs- und Schreibprozess des Buches mit zeitlichem Abstand zu seiner Veröffentlichung und ersten Rezeptionsphase. Was kann der mitunter frustrierenden erinnerungspolitischen Debatte in Deutschland entgegengesetzt werden, in der es bisher kaum möglich ist, unterschiedliche Gewaltgeschichten solidarisch und sensibel zusammenzudenken? Wie können die Verflechtungen zwischen historischen Begebenheiten und bis in die Gegenwart reichenden Spuren aufgezeigt und für die Lesenden spürbar werden? Inklusives Erinnern wird als eine Praxis verstanden, die jenseits von Opferhierarchien funktioniert und stattdessen ein Weltgedächtnis verhandelbar macht. Die Methodik des Buches, unterschiedliche Recherchematerialien, Perspektiven und eigene persönliche Bezüge miteinander in Beziehung zu setzen, spiegelt sich auch in diesem Beitrag wider, der Auszüge aus dem Buch mit Reflexionen der Autorin verbindet.
    Abstract: Published by Propyläen in Berlin in 2022, Charlotte Wiedemann’s book Den Schmerz der Anderen begreifen. Holocaust und Weltgedächtnis (Grasping the Pain of Others. Holocaust and World Memory) translates multidirectional thinking into a practice of research and writing. This article reflects on the book’s genesis and writing process at a distance from its publication and initial reception phase. What can be done to counter the sometimes frustrating political debate on remembrance in Germany, in which it has hardly been possible to think together different histories of violence and to do so with solidarity and sensitivity? How can the interconnections between historical events and their traces extending into the present be highlighted and made tangible for readers? Inclusive remembrance is understood as a practice that functions beyond victim hierarchies and instead makes a world memory negotiable. The book’s methodology of relating different research materials, perspectives, and the author’s own references to one another is also reflected in this contribution, which combines excerpts from the book with reflections by its author.
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  • 116
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  89, Seiten 71-82
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89, Seiten 71-82
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: DDR ; Untersuchungshaft ; Lernort Keibelstraße ; Multidirektionale Erinnerung ; Westhegemonie ; Postsozialismus ; GDR ; Lernort Keibelstraße ; multidirectional memory ; postsocialism ; pretrial detention ; Western hegemony ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In diesem Artikel argumentiere ich dafür, postsozialistische Debatten um einen Blick auf Repressions- und Herrschaftsgeschichte der DDR und ihre Verhandlung an Gedenk- und Erinnerungsorten zu erweitern. Anhand meiner ethnografischen Forschung am Lernort Keibelstraße, einer ehemaligen DDR-Untersuchungshaftanstalt des Ministeriums des Inneren, untersuche ich die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeitsräume einer machtkritischen Erinnerung an die Repressions- und Herrschaftsgeschichte der DDR. Wie können sich in Erinnerungen an die DDR die westhegemoniale Perspektive der Wendezeit und das in der DDR verübte Unrecht zueinander verhalten? Der Lernort Keibelstraße oszilliert hier zwischen der Anerkennung von Unrechtserfahrungen auf der einen und der Irritation westhegemonialer Narrative auf der anderen Seite. Die historisch-politische Bildung am Ort eröffnet dabei eine besondere Möglichkeit für die Gleichzeitigkeit dieser Perspektiven. In einer multidirektionalen Erinnerung (Rothberg 2009) an DDR- und BRD-Vergangenheit werden eine westdeutsche Überlegenheitserzählung hinterfragbar, Haft in der BRD als Objekt von Erinnerung hergestellt und Visionen von Gerechtigkeit für Gegenwart und Zukunft eröffnet.
    Abstract: In this article, I argue for expanding postsocialist debates by looking at the history of rule and repression in the GDR and its negotiations at sites of memory and commemoration. Based on my ethnographic research at the Lernort Keibelstraße, a former detention center of the GDR’s Interior Ministry and now a place for historical-political education, I examine the challenges and possibilities of a power-critical remembrance of the history of rule and repression in the GDR. How can the Western hegemonic perspective of the fall of communism and the injustice committed in the GDR relate to each other in GDR memories? Lernort Keibelstraße oscillates here between acknowledging experiences of injustice on the one hand and irritating Western hegemonic narratives on the other. Historical-political education at the site opens up a special opportunity for the simultaneity of these perspectives. In a multidirectional remembrance (Rothberg 2009) of the GDR and FRG pasts, a West German narrative of superiority can be questioned, imprisonment in the FRG can be produced as an object of remembrance, and visions of justice for the present and future can be opened up.
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  • 117
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  89, Seiten 43-60
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 89, Seiten 43-60
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: colonialism ; Germany ; material culture ; memory ; provenance ; restitution ; Kolonialismus ; Deutschland ; materielle Kultur ; Erinnerung ; Provenienz ; Restitution ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: What does it mean in Germany for colonial history to acquire the status of a new phase of coming to terms with the past alongside, and often in tension with, the memory of the National Socialist and East German pasts? This article explores this politics of memory through the changing role of material restitution at the governmental level. Governments play a central role in shaping and enabling (or disabling) what becomes part of a country’s public memory through state-sanctioned discourses and institutional structures, which we can call memory infrastructures. This article specifically inquires into how provenance research, once a relatively obscure art-historical method, has come to play a critical role within German memory culture. Through examining government discourses that shape the discursive field, I show how a memory infrastructure for colonial reckoning builds on the centrality of provenance research in reckoning with Nazi looted art and adapts it for confronting the colonial past. I suggest we might call this provenance-centered reckoning, and that it has begun to reshape the contours of reckoning with the past in Germany.
    Abstract: Was bedeutet es, dass in Deutschland der Kolonialgeschichte eine neue Phase der Vergangenheitsbewältigung neben der Erinnerung an die nationalsozialistische und ostdeutsche Vergangenheit – und oft in Spannung zu dieser – beigemessen wird? Dieser Artikel untersucht die Erinnerungspolitik anhand der sich wandelnden Rolle materieller Restitution auf staatlicher Ebene. Regierungen spielen eine zentrale Bedeutung bei der Gestaltung und Ermöglichung (oder Verhinderung) dessen, was durch staatlich sanktionierte Diskurse und institutionelle Strukturen, die als Erinnerungsinfrastrukturen bezeichnet werden können, Teil der öffentlichen Erinnerung eines Landes wird. In diesem Artikel wird insbesondere untersucht, wie die Provenienzforschung, einst eine relativ obskure kunsthistorische Methode, eine entscheidende Stellung in der deutschen Erinnerungskultur erlangt hat. Durch die Analyse staatlicher Diskurse, die das diskursive Feld prägen, demonstriere ich, wie eine Erinnerungsinfrastruktur für die koloniale Aufarbeitung auf der zentralen Bedeutung der Provenienzforschung für die Aufarbeitung der NS-Raubkunst aufbaut und sie für die Auseinandersetzung mit der kolonialen Vergangenheit adaptiert. Ich schlage vor, dies als provenienzzentrierte Aufarbeitung zu bezeichnen, und zeige, dass diese begonnen hat, die Konturen der Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung in Deutschland neu zu gestalten.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 118
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 167-183
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 167-183
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Solarwende ; Imaginationen ; dezentrale Energiewende ; Infrastrukturen ; Solargesellschaft ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Dieser Artikel basiert auf einer ethnographischen Forschung zum Masterplan Solarcity Berlin und fragt, welche Vorstellung von Stadt diesem zugrunde liegt und wie dadurch eine Solarwende imaginiert wird. Ich schaue auf die premises und promises, die der Masterplan durch das Zusammenbringen bestimmter Ontologien der Stadt und Visionen der Solarwende macht. In dem Versuch, den Masterplan in einem Kontext von Low Carbon Transitions zu verorten, diskutiere ich die Imaginationen, die die Sonne als Energieträgerin infrastrukturieren bzw. urbanisieren. Diese Transformation kennzeichnet sich durch eine Auseinandersetzung mit zwei zentralen Spannungsfelder, nämlich zwischen Zentralität und Dezentralität und zwischen Individuum und Gemeinschaft. Der Aufsatz erkundet so die Zukunftsvisionen und Versprechungen, die mit der Urbanisierung von Sonne verbunden sind und welche Rolle die Idee von Solarity als Zusammendenken von Solar und Solidarität spielt, indem Power gleichzeitig als Energie und als Macht verstanden wird.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 119
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 29-41
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 29-41
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: künsterische Forschung ; more-than-human ; multimodal ; Anthropozän ; Pfützenforschung ; Kritische Zone ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: In ihrer künstlerischen Forschung beschäftigt sich Mirja Busch mit der Ontologie von Pfützen. Ihr multimodaler Beitrag beleuchtet künstlerische Strategien, die Pfützen vom Hintergrundphänomen zu Erfahrungsorten werden lassen, sowie die Rolle von Sprache zur Schaffung einer Grundlage für eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung und Klassifizierung. Pfützen werden als ökologische Labore betrachtet, die auf Mikroebene zur Biodiversität beitragen, und ihr Zusammenhang mit der Klimakrise verdeutlicht. Diese ungewöhnliche Perspektive eröffnet neue Zugänge zur Erforschung ökologischer Transformationsprozesse und verleiht der Pfütze eine neue Bedeutung als Observatorium der kritischen Zone des Anthropozäns.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 120
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87, Seiten 11-27
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87, Seiten 11-27
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Wasser ; Infrastrukturen ; feral ecologies ; multispecies ; Wissensproduktion ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Im Zentrum dieses Artikels steht die Urbanisierung von Wasser. Urbanisiertes Wasser hat unterschiedliche Bedeutungen. Dies werde ich anhand meiner ethnographischen Forschung auf dem Testfilter des Flussbades Berlin erläutern. Zunächst geht es darum, wie die urbanisierte Spree mit ihrer Mischkanalisation zu verstehen ist. An historische Flussbäder anknüpfend hat sich der Verein Flussbad Berlin zum Ziel gesetzt, den Spreekanal zu einem Schwimmbereich umzugestalten. Hierzu soll das Spreewasser durch ingenieurswissenschaftliche Infrastrukturen gereinigt werden. Mithilfe eines Testfilters soll diese Reinigung erprobt und simuliert werden. Ergebnisse meiner Forschung machen deutlich, dass exzessive urbane Ökologien den Testfilter transformieren. Dieser ist nicht mehr nur als ingenieurwissenschaftliches Labor zu verstehen, sondern zeigt sich als multipler Lebensraum, als feral laboratory. Das Wasser wird also durch die multiplen Akteur*innen re-urbanisiert. Ich stelle in diesem Artikel die Frage, was re-urbanisiertes Wasser für die Wissensproduktion bedeutet. Welches Wissen und welche Praktiken sind auf dem Testfilter wirksam?
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 121
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (175 Seiten) : , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Villalobos Portilla, Ernesto Normalization of social inequality and its implications: the case of Zaachila Oriente in Oaxaca
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2024
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Soziale Ungleichheit ; Armut ; Normalisierung ; Ungleichheit ; Rasse ; Mexico ; Oaxaca ; Normalization ; Inequality ; Race ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift ; Hochschulschrift
    Abstract: Die Normalisierung der Ungleichheit in Oaxaca, Mexiko, ist ein Prozess, der sich seit der Kolonialzeit entwickelt hat, als Konzepte wie Rasse die bestehende soziale Trennung zwischen Europäern und indigenen Gemeinschaften definierten. Diese Entwicklung setzte sich in der postkolonialen Ära fort, wo die Marginalisierung gefährdeter Gruppen bis in die Gegenwart andauert. Im modernen Mexiko haben die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Eliten verschiedene Mechanismen der Ungleichheit entwickelt, die die soziale Mobilität der schwächsten Bevölkerungsgruppen einschränken. Daher werden in dieser Fallstudie drei wichtige Mechanismen auf verschiedenen Ebenen identifiziert. Der erste wird als subnationaler Autoritarismus bezeichnet und zeigt, wie verschiedene Strategien, z. B. das Aufbrechen sozialer Bindungen, es den Eliten ermöglichen, ihre Macht zu konsolidieren und klare Grenzen zwischen den sozialen Klassen zu ziehen. Der andere Mechanismus sind die Sozialprogramme, die zu Veränderungen in den Praktiken der Menschen führen, die Zugang zu ihnen haben, und individualistische Praktiken fördern, die auch dem Erwerb von Sozialkapital schaden. Schließlich wird der Familienindividualismus identifiziert, dessen Hauptziel darin besteht, das Wohlergehen der Menschen innerhalb des Familienkerns zu sichern, aber außerhalb des Familienkerns ist die Schaffung anderer Arten von Kapital aufgrund des Fehlens schwacher Bindungen und der Produktion anderer Arten von Kapital schwierig. Diese Mechanismen haben nicht nur Auswirkungen auf die Alltagspraktiken, sondern auch auf die Herausbildung eines Habitus bei den Menschen in Zaachila Oriente.
    Abstract: Englische Version: The normalization of inequality in Oaxaca, Mexico has been a process that has been developing since colonial times, where concepts such as race defined the existing social division between Europeans and Indigenous communities. This later moved into the post-colonial era where marginalization of vulnerable groups continued into the present day. During modern Mexico, political and economic elites have designed different mechanisms of inequality that restricts social mobility for the most vulnerable classes. Therefore, this cases study identifies three important mechanisms at different scales. The first is named subnational authoritarianism and it shows how different strategies, such as the rupture of social ties, allow elites to consolidate power and establish clear limits among social classes. The other mechanism identified are the social programs, these lead to changes in the practices of the people who have access to them and encourage individualistic practices that also harm the acquisition of social capital. Finally, family individualism is identified, the main objective is to safeguard the welfare of people within the family core, but outside the family nucleus, the creation of other types of capital is difficult due to the absence of weak ties and the production of different types of capital. These mechanisms have implications not only for everyday practices but also for the production of habitus within the people in Zaachila Oriente.
    Note: Datum der Verteidigung: 16.05.2024. - Der Text enthält eine Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache.. - Veröffentlichung der elektronischen Ressource auf dem edoc-Server der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: 2024
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  • 122
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    DDC: 301
    Keywords: afrikanische Diaspora ; Afro-Abstammung ; Rassendemokratie ; afrolateinamerikanische Identität ; African Diaspora ; Afro-descendance ; Racial Democracy ; Afro-Latin Identity ; Soziologie und Anthropologie
    Abstract: Wissenschaftler*innen haben zwei unterschiedliche Kategorien der afrikanischen Diaspora identifiziert. Um diese zu analysieren, bedarf es den Gebrauch verschiedener Parameter. Bei der ersten handelt es sich um die Historische Diaspora aus Afrika stammender Menschen, die aus dem transatlantischen Sklavenhandel und seinen ,Begleiterscheinungen' - wie die Ausbeutung afrikanischer Männer, Frauen und Kinder, die aus Afrika als versklavte Population und als Zwangsarbeiter nach Amerika verschleppt wurden - hervorging. Diese systematische Diasporisierung erstreckte sich über einen Zeitraum vom 16. bis hin zum 19. Jahrhundert und führte zu dem, was heute als afronachkommende Bevölkerung der heutigen Nationen Lateinamerikas und der Karibik, einschließlich den USA bezeichnet wird. Die zweite Kategorie ist das Ergebnis eines neueren Phänomens, das als Wirtschaftliche Diasporisierung von Menschen afrikanischer Herkunft beschrieben wird, die auf der Suche nach besseren Lebensbedingungen vereinzelt ins selbst gewählte Exil in den Globalen Norden gehen. Ein hauptsächlicher Unterschied zwischen beiden Kategorien ist der Fakt, dass Mitglieder*innen der wirtschaftlichen Diaspora Gruppe eine offene und konstante Beziehung zu ihrer afrikanischen Heimat aufrechterhalten. So pflegen sie weiterhin konkrete Verwandtschafts-, ethnische und nationale Bindungen mit dem Land, dessen afrikanische Nationalität sie haben. Sie nehmen am täglichen Leben der Nation, einschließlich durch soziale Medien, teil. Zudem werden sie von den, auf dem Kontinent zurückgebliebenen Angehörigen, aufgrund ihrer Fremdwährungsüberweisungen an Familie und Freunde in der Heimat, als reale oder potenzielle Wohltäter*innen angesehen. Außerdem erfüllen sie weiterhin bürgerschaftliche Verantwortung, wie die Teilnahme am Wahlprozess in ihren Heimatländern. Umgekehrt sind Mitglieder*innen der historischen afrikanischen Diaspora in den Amerikas so einer engen Beziehung zu Afrika beraubt. Grund dafür ist die historische Trennung von einem bestimmten Ort in Afrika, welcher durch den systematischen Abbruch ihrer Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zu Afrika verursacht wurde. In der Tat ist es virtuell unmöglich ihre Wurzeln zu einer bestimmten Abstammung, einem bestimmten Ort oder Nationalität im gegenwärtigen Afrika zurückzuverfolgen. Daher ist das Wort „Afro“ in der Identität der Afrobrasilianer*innen, Afrokolumbianer*innen oder Afro-Puerto Ricaner*innen, usw. nur zu einer symbolischen Zugehörigkeit, denn ihre afrikanische Nationalität ist bestenfalls vorgestellt oder ausgelebt, ohne dass die Möglichkeit besteht, den Pass eines afrikanischen Staates als Erbe ihrer direkten Eltern oder Großeltern mitzuführen. Diese Antrittsvorlesung ist eine Einschätzung der Mühen und des Prozesses der Konstruktion einer Afroidentität durch die Mitglieder*innen der historischen afrikanischen Diaspora, welche heute die afronachkommende Bevölkerung der dreiunddreißig Nationen umfassend der lateinamerikanischen und karibischen Regionen ausmacht. Schlussendlich hinterfragt diese Vorlesung die long durée ihres Strebens nach vollen und kompletten Staatsbürgerechten und -privilegien im modernen lateinamerikanischen und karibischen Ländern, wie Brasilien, Kuba, Kolumbien, Trinidad und Tobago, die Dominikanische Republik, Puerto-Rico, Mexiko, Venezuela, usw.
    Abstract: Researchers have identified two distinct categories of the African Diaspora which must be analysed using different parameters. The first is the Historic Diaspora of African peoples occasioned by the Trans-Atlantic Slavery and its correlates such as the exploitation of African men, women and children sequestered from Africa as enslaved populations and indentured labourers in the Americas. This systematic diasporisation of Africans lasted from the 16th to the 19th Centuries and resulted in what is today considered the Afro-descendant populations of modern day nations of Latin America and the Caribbean, including the USA. The second category is the product of a more recent phenomenon which has been described as the economic diasporisation of African peoples through a sporadic self exile towards the Global North in quest of better living conditions. A major difference between the two categories is the fact that members of the Economic Diaspora group maintain an open and constant access to their African homeland. In fact, they continue to preserve concrete kinship, ethnic and national links with the country of their African nationality. They participate in the daily life of the nation including via the social media, and are looked upon as real or potential benefactors by the loved ones left behind on the continent thanks to their foreign currency remittances to family and friends back home. Furthermore, they continue to fulfil civic responsibilities such as participation in electoral processes in their home country. Conversely, members of the Historic African Diaspora located in the Americas are deprived of such intimate relationship with Africa because of the historic disconnection with any specific location in Africa occasioned by the systematic rupture of their direct kinship ties with Africa. Indeed, it is virtually impossible to trace their Roots in Africa to any specific lineage, location or nationality in contemporary Africa. This is what makes the “afro” in the identity of Afro-Brazilians, Afro-Columbians or Afro-Puerto-Ricans, etc. only a symbolic belonging because their citizenship of Africa is at best imagined and lived out without the possibility of carrying the passport of any African state as an inheritance from their direct parents or grand-parents. This Inaugural Lecture is an appraisal of the travails and the process of afro-identity contruction by the members of the Historic African Diaspora who, today, make up the Afro-descendant populations of the thirtythree nations comprising the Latin American and Caribbean regions. Ultimately, the Lecture interrogates the long durée of their quest for full citizenship rights and privileges in modern Latin-American and Caribbean countries such as Brazil, Cuba, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, the Dominican Republic, Puerto-Rico, Mexico,Venezuela, etc.
    Note: Antrittsvorlesung am 19. Juli 2023 von Prof. Dr. Félix Ayoh' OMIDIRE, Gastprofessor für "African Diaspora Studies" am Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
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  • 123
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (10 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Angaben zur Quelle: 346
    DDC: 610
    Keywords: Mental health ; Refugees ; Lebanon ; Turkey ; Discrimination ; Social determinants of health ; Comparative studies ; Medizin und Gesundheit ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Refugees are frequently shown to have worse mental health outcomes than non-displaced populations. This fact is commonly attributed to traumatic pre-displacement experiences. While important, the focus on trauma risks overlooking the role socioeconomic living-conditions in different arrival and transit contexts can play in determining refugees’ mental distress. Building on the ecological model of refugee distress, we investigate how social ecological conditions relate to the mental distress of Syrians in Lebanon and Turkey. Both countries present important spaces of arrival and transit for millions of displaced Syrians, each with a specific historical, political, social and economic context. The empirical analysis is based on data gathered in early 2021 in face-to-face surveys among displaced Syrians in Lebanon (N = 1127) and Turkey (N = 1364). Individual mental distress is evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) score as the dependent variable in a multivariate regression analysis. Social ecological factors do not only differ in their extent of deprivation between Lebanon and Turkey. They also differ in their relationship with individual mental health outcomes. In Lebanon, limited access to the health care system and having family in the same city are major risk factors for elevated mental distress, whereas in Turkey, these are low education, poverty, unemployment as well as employment as day laborer. Discrimination and social isolation emerge as relevant predictors in both countries. Based on this analysis, we argue that a context-specific understanding of mental distress amidst the social ecology refugees face in countries of refuge and transit is necessary. This approach needs to be pursued to provide adequate support and alleviate refugees’ mental distress both, in the country of first refuge and after possible onward migration. In addition to clinical implications, the study particularly highlights the important role anti-discrimination and social inclusion policies could play in promoting refugee mental health.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 124
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Angaben zur Quelle: 91
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Germany ; Panel regression ; Temporary employment ; UK ; Wage consequences ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: This study investigates wage outcomes of former temporary workers by distinguishing workers obtaining permanent jobs with the same employer from those who find permanent work with a new employer. With this distinction, we build on studies investigating the wage consequences of temporary jobs, which have thus far mainly focused on cross-sectional wage gaps and longer-term wage consequences without considering employer changes. We compare Germany and the UK as two prime examples of different labour market settings and look at labour market subgroups relevant for social stratification. We estimate fixed effects individual slopes regression with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (1995–2021), the British Household Panel Study (1992–2008), and the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2010–2021). Results show that in the rigid German and in the more flexible UK labour market, wage increase of former temporary workers is larger if the permanent job is obtained with the same employer, but only if it coincides with a job change within the firm. For transitions occurring on the same job, only workers in Germany experience wage increase. This wage increase is not higher compared to the wage increase of workers who switch employers. These patterns are similar across subgroups, with the largest deviances found for older workers in Germany.
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  • 125
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Bericht ; Berlin Science Survey ; Methods report ; Berlin research area ; Sample ; Science studies ; Berlin University Alliance ; Online survey ; Science survey ; Universities of Excellence ; Sozialwissenschaften
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  • 126
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Bericht ; Berlin Science Survey ; Methodenbericht ; Stichprobe ; Wissenschaftsforschung ; Berlin University Alliance ; Berliner Forschungsraum ; Online-Erhebung ; Wissenschaftsbefragung ; Exzellenzuniversitäten ; Sozialwissenschaften
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  • 127
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  171
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 171
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Digitalization ; Elasticity of substitution ; Productivity ; Endogenous technology choice ; Technology frontier ; Task-based production ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: How does digitalization transform the macroeconomic production function? Using a model where firms can choose their technology, we find that sectors with more digital capital exhibit a higher elasticity of substitution between value added and intermediate inputs and between capital and labor. This shift in the elasticity of substitution is consistent with a higher complementarity of input-specific technologies on the technology frontier. We further show that the link between technological complementarity and digital intensity can be rationalized using a task-based approach. Out of the three types of digital capital, only the levels of information technology and software/databases have a significant impact on the production function, whereas communication technology has no effects. We also find that digital technical change in value added is Hicks-neutral.
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  • 128
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 114
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: Person-situation relations ; Narcissistic states ; RI-CLPM ; Situation perceptions, Narcissism dynamics ; Psychologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This study investigated the dynamic interplay between narcissistic states—narcissistic agency, antagonism, and vulnerability—and situation perceptions using the DIAMONDS framework. Participants (N = 183) engaged in weekly online group discussions over six weeks, simulating the natural acquaintance process. Results showed significant co-occurrences: situation perceptions of Positivity related to heightened narcissistic agency, while Duty and Negativity perceptions were linked to narcissistic antagonism and vulnerability. Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models revealed first causal relations, with situation perceptions often preceding changes in narcissistic states. For example, perceptions of Intellect and Positivity increased narcissistic agency, while Intellect, Duty, and Negativity triggered higher-than-usual narcissistic antagonism. Findings highlight the role of situation perceptions in shaping the momentray manifestations of narcissisism.
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  • 129
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  56,1, Seiten 5-6
    ISSN: 0047-2786 , 0047-2786
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (2 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Wiley, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 56,1, Seiten 5-6
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Philosophie, Parapsychologie und Okkultismus, Psychologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 130
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    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  68,1-2, Seiten 57-74
    ISSN: 2960-4451 , 2960-4451
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wien : Böhlau
    Angaben zur Quelle: 68,1-2, Seiten 57-74
    DDC: 306
    Keywords: Archiv ; Adoption ; postkolonial ; künstlerische Intervention ; Archivtheorie ; Kultur und Institutionen
    Abstract: Wie stellt sich die Frage der Sichtbarkeit im historischen Archiv? Muss, was erinnert werden soll, materiell vorliegen? Viel Aufmerksamkeit ist Archiven als Ort der Gewalt und Machtinstrument gewidmet worden. Der Fokus auf das Funktionieren der Macht belässt jedoch die Unsichtbaren in der Unsichtbarkeit. Zugleich wird gezögert, die Lücken im Archiv mit positivem Wissen zu füllen, da dabei zu leicht in Vergessenheit gerät, dass die Lücken selbst Teil der Geschichte sind und dass sie weitreichende Folgen dafür haben, was gewusst werden kann. Wenn historische, koloniale Archive Repositorien der Gewalt sind, aber nicht der Leben derjenigen, die ihr ausgesetzt waren, wozu sich in und mit ihnen aufhalten? Es reicht nicht aus, so Saidiya Hartman, den Skandal aufzudecken. Viele wollen die Gewalt im Archiv daher nicht einfach stehen lassen oder in ihrer Darstellung wiederholen. Sie folgen stattdessen einem dringlichen Impuls zur Intervention. Trotz Archivskepsis wird sich weiterhin darum bemüht, die Unsichtbaren in den Archiven sichtbar, erinnerbar zu machen. Sichtbarkeit erfordert dabei nicht notwendiger Weise optische Wahrnehmbarkeit. Häufig geht es darum, etwas Verborgenes fühlbar zu machen, im Sinne eines expansiven Begriffs von Sichtbarkeit, der eine umfassende Wahrnehmbarkeit meint. In den folgenden Beispielen es geht sowohl darum, zu verstehen, wie Archivmacht funktioniert, als auch ihr etwas entgegenzusetzen. Sie sind von der affektiven Notwendigkeit motiviert, durch ein Verändern der Dokumente nicht so sehr die Vergangenheit um- oder neu zu schreiben, sondern für eine bessere zukünftige Wahrnehmung und Erinnerung zu sorgen. Interveniert wird auf der Ebene der Archivinstrumente – Text, Sprache, Zensur, die Archivpraktiken des Verdeckens und Offenbarens.
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  • 131
    ISSN: 0863-1808 , 0863-1808
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 34,1, Seiten 145-163
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Kapitalismus ; Klasse ; Öffentlichkeit ; Gegenöffentlichkeit ; Soziale Medien ; Demokratie ; Diskurs ; Capitalism ; Class ; Public sphere ; Counter publics ; Social media ; Society ; Democracy ; Discourse ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Nach einem Workshop zum Thema „The struggle over the public sphere“ mit Nancy Fraser am Berliner Center for Social Critique im Juni 2022 ergab sich im November des gleichen Jahres die Möglichkeit, die Diskussion mit ihr fortzusetzen. Das nachfolgend dokumentierte Gespräch beleuchtet das Verhältnis zwischen den „subalternen Gegenöffentlichkeiten“ und der Öffentlichkeit im Allgemeinen, den Aufstieg rechter Gegenöffentlichkeiten und die Auswirkungen der sogenannten „sozialen Medien“ auf die Öffentlichkeit. Das führt zu der Frage, wie Öffentlichkeiten im Kapitalismus verortet und wie sie in der Lage sind, Themen zu politisieren, die in kapitalistischen Gesellschaften traditionell als privat gelten. Im Gespräch verbindet Fraser ihre früheren öffentlichkeitstheoretischen Überlegungen mit ihrer aktuellen Kapitalismustheorie. Dies ist besonders interessant im Hinblick auf die dringende politische Aufgabe, eine erweiterte und nicht-essenzialistische Identität der Arbeiter*innenklasse zu bilden, die in der Lage ist, verschiedene „Gesichter der Arbeit“ zu vermitteln, wie sie es in ihren Benjamin-Vorlesungen ausdrückt.
    Abstract: Following a workshop on “The struggle over the public sphere” with Nancy Fraser at the Berlin Centre for Social Critique in June 2022, the opportunity arose to continue the discussion with her in November of the same year. The conversation documented below sheds light on the relationship between “subaltern counter-publics” and the public sphere in general, the rise of right-wing counter-publics and the impact of so-called “social media” on the public sphere. That leads to the question of how publics are situated in capitalism and how they are able to politicise issues that are traditionally considered private in capitalist societies. In the interview, Fraser combines her earlier public sphere theory with her current theory of capitalism. This is particularly interesting in light of the urgent political task of forming an expanded and non-essentialist working class identity capable of mediating different “faces of labour”, as she puts it in her Benjamin lectures.
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0023-2653 , 0023-2653
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 76,1, Seiten 1-23
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Ostdeutschland ; Einstellungen ; Kohorten ; Generationen ; Wiedervereinigung ; East Germany ; Attitudes ; Cohorts ; Generations ; German reunification ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Die Unterschiede und Ungleichheiten zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland wurden nach der Deutschen Einheit als Übergangsstadium verstanden; insbesondere Mentalitätsunterschiede sollten sich im Laufe der Jahre angleichen. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie Ost- und Westdeutsche das Verhältnis zueinander wahrnehmen und inwiefern sich hier Kohortenunterschiede zeigen. Konzeptionell unterscheiden wir drei zentrale Hypothesen, die jeweils eigene empirische Muster nahelegen. Die Sozialisationshypothese geht davon aus, dass es durch die deutsche Teilung einerseits, aber auch durch das Aufwachsen im Staatssozialismus und die Transformationserfahrungen in Ostdeutschland andererseits wahrnehmungsprägende Erfahrungen gibt, die allerdings für nachfolgende Kohorten an Relevanz verlieren. Die Othering-Hypothese besagt, dass sich Ost-West-Differenzen durch Reaktanz auf die (auch diskursive) Dominanz der westdeutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft immer wieder erneuern und somit für alle Altersgruppen in Ost und West salient bleiben. Die These ostdeutscher Persistenz und Verhärtung schließlich vermutet, dass es nicht zwingend darauf ankommt, selbst in der DDR gelebt zu haben, sondern dass ein ostdeutsches Narrativ in Familien und sozialen Netzwerken weitergegeben wird. Die Salienz des Themas sollte demnach vor allem im Osten nach wie vor hoch sein. Mit neuen Daten aus dem Jahr 2022 können wir zeigen, dass die deutsch-deutschen Trennlinien in der Kohortenfolge unter jungen Westdeutschen verblassen, bei den jungen Ostdeutschen dagegen ein Fortwirken von Unterschieds- und Konfliktwahrnehmungen erkennbar ist. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf die These der ostdeutschen Persistenz und Verhärtung hin, wohingegen für die Westdeutschen die Sozialisationshypothese plausibel erscheint.
    Abstract: The differences and inequalities between the former East and West Germany were understood as a transitional stage after German unification; in particular, differences in mentality were expected to converge over the years. The aim of this article is to use new data to examine cohort differences in how Germans living in the former East and West perceive each other. Conceptually, we distinguish three central hypotheses, each suggesting its own empirical patterns. The socialization hypothesis assumes that growing up in a divided country—and in particular for the former East Germans who experienced state socialism and the transformation—has led to attitudes that lose their relevance for subsequent cohorts. The othering hypothesis states that East–West differences are constantly renewed through reactance to (discursive) dominance of the Western German majority society and thus remain salient for all age groups in the East and the West. Finally, the thesis of East German persistence and hardening assumes that it is not necessarily important to have lived in the German Democratic Republic oneself, but that an East German narrative is passed on in families and social networks. The salience of the topic should therefore still be high in the East. With original survey data from 2022, we can show that the German–German dividing lines in the cohort sequence fade among young Western Germans, whereas among young Eastern Germans a persistence of perceptions of difference and conflict is discernible. The results point to the thesis of East German persistence and hardening, whereas for Western Germans the pattern of the socialization hypothesis is plausible.
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  • 133
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  56,1, Seiten 7-23
    ISSN: 0047-2786 , 0047-2786
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Wiley, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 56,1, Seiten 7-23
    DDC: 100
    Keywords: Philosophie, Parapsychologie und Okkultismus, Psychologie ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 134
    Language: French
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (127 Seiten)
    DDC: 069
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bericht ; Afrique de l'Ouest ; Togo ; Ghana ; Colonialisme ; Postcolonialisme ; Mission ; Ethnologie ; Musées ethnographiques ; Patrimoine culturel ; Provenance des oeuvres d'art ; West Africa ; Togo ; Ghana ; Colonialism ; Postcolonialism ; Ethnology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Mission ; Ethnological museums and collections ; Cultural property ; Art -- Provenance ; Museumswissenschaft (Museologie) ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Kultur und Institutionen ; Internationale Migration und Kolonisation
    Abstract: "Rechercher les provenances coloniales" est une version légèrement abrégée du rapport final du projet de recherche sur les provenances des collections provenant du Togo sous la domination coloniale allemande, qui se trouvent aujourd'hui dans les musées des Staatlichen Ethnographischen Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden). Le projet, soutenu par le Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste, était centré sur un ensemble de 700 "objets" et photographies qui ont été achetés ou donnés au Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden et au GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig entre 1899 et 1939. Le projet s'est penché sur les histoires de leur appropriation, en lien avec les activités des membres de la police coloniale allemande, des scientifiques, des commerçants et des fonctionnaires coloniaux au Togo sous la domination coloniale allemande de 1884 à 1914. Les acteurs coloniaux en question sont Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich et Gaston Thierry. Ceux-ci agissaient dans le cadre du contexte d'injustice coloniale, marqué par des expéditions d'annexion, des guerres de conquête ainsi que par le prosélytisme et l'appropriation de biens culturels. Les résultats de la recherche sont publiés dans la Online Collection des Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden et, dans une version plus détaillée du rapport final, dans la base de données Proveana du Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste. Situé dans le domaine plus récent de la recherche postcoloniale sur la provenance des biens, le rapport se veut une contribution à l'étude de l'histoire des musées d'ethnographie et de leurs vastes réseaux dans le contexte colonial. En découvrant les liens étroits entre les musées et le projet d'expansion et de domination coloniale, il souligne également la responsabilité des musées dans le traitement de l'histoire coloniale.
    Abstract: "Researching Colonial Provenances" is a slightly abridged version of the final report of the research project on the provenances of the collections from Togo under German colonial rule, currently in the holdings of the museums of the Staatliche Ethnographische Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden). The project, funded by the German Lost Art Foundation, focused on a collection of 700 "objects" and photographs that were acquired for or donated to the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden and the GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig between 1899 and 1939. The project focused on the stories of their appropriation in connection with the activities of German members of the colonial police force, scientists, traders and colonial officials in Togo under German colonial rule from 1884 to 1914. The colonial actors in question are Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich and Gaston Thierry. They acted within the context of colonial injustice, which was characterised by annexation expeditions, wars of conquest, missionary work and the appropriation of cultural items. The results of the research are published in the Online Collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden and in a more detailed version of the final report in the Proveana database of the German Lost Art Foundation. Situated in the more recent field of post-colonial provenance research, the report is intended as a contribution to research into the history of ethnological museums and their extensive networks in a colonial context. With its findings on the close connection between museums and the project of colonial expansion and rule, it also emphasises the responsibility that museums have in accounting for their entanglement with colonial history.
    Abstract: Not Reviewed
    Note: German Version: https://doi.org/10.18452/27457 ; English Translation: https://doi.org/10.18452/27458 ; Translated from the German by : Christoph Nöthlings and Delphine Theophanides , Autres auteurs: Emery Patrick Effiboley: 0000-0003-4604-0465 Toni Hanel: 0009-0003-2471-6126 Katja Hofmann: 0009-0008-8845-0642 Léontine Meijer-van Mensch: 0009-0005-2826-8695 Julia Pfau: 0009-0009-8548-8976 Messan Tossa: 0009-0008-0508-7084
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  • 135
    ISSN: 0022-2445 , 0022-2445
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Wiley, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87,2, Seiten 566-589
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: child care ; employment ; longitudinal research ; mothers ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Objective: Aiming to generate evidence on how contextual conditions shape individuals' opportunities and constraints and, ultimately, life courses, we focus on a period of childcare expansion in reunified Germany. We investigate differences in employment trajectories around mothers' first childbirths to identify potential East–West convergence. Background: During Germany's division (1949–1990), universal public childcare and female full‐time employment were the norm in East Germany, while the male breadwinner model was dominant in the West. These differences, although declining, persisted even decades after reunification. In 2008, a reform aimed at expanding childcare availability to facilitate mothers' employment throughout the country. Methods: We measure East–West differences in employment trajectories around childbirth pre‐ (1990–2007) and post‐reform (2008–2021) in terms of timing, order, and duration of events over time. We use data on 359 East and 986 West German first‐time‐mothers from the German Socio‐Economic Panel and sequence analysis tools. Results: Before the reform, employment trajectories between East and West German mothers differed both in timing and duration of employment states. After the reform, these differences decreased, showing a general convergence in the prevalence of post‐birth part‐time employment. Nonetheless, longer maternity leave is still more prevalent among West German mothers, while East German mothers are more likely to maintain full‐time jobs. Conclusion: Our findings show how policy settings and reforms shape life courses in a context‐dependent fashion. They illustrate the importance of a methodological approach that focuses on process outcomes and supports a theoretical perspective that highlights how historical time and place shape life courses.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 136
    ISSN: 0022-3506 , 0022-3506
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Wiley, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 93,2, Seiten 197-215
    DDC: 150
    Keywords: ergodicity ; experience‐sampling ; self‐compassion ; states ; traits ; within‐person analysis ; Psychologie ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Objective: Theories about within‐person (WP) variation are often tested using between‐person (BP) research, despite the well‐established fact that results may not generalize across levels of analysis. One possible explanation is vague theories that do not specify which level of analysis is of interest. We illustrate such a case using the construct of self‐compassion. The factor structure at the BP level has been highly debated, although the theory is actually concerned with relationships at the WP level. Method: Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was applied to experience‐sampling data of self‐compassion ( N  = 213, with n  = 4052 measurement occasions). Results: At both levels of analysis, evidence for a two‐factor model was found. However, the factors were moderately related at the WP level ( r  = 0.37, p  〈 0.001) but largely independent at the BP level ( r  = 0.04, p  = 0.696). Exploratory analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity in the WP relationship among individuals. Conclusion: We discuss how our results provide new impulses to move the debate around self‐compassion forward. Lastly, we outline how the WP level—which is of major interest for self‐compassion and other constructs in psychology—can guide the conceptualization and assessment to promote advancements of the theory and resulting applications.
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  • 137
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 11,1
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Development studies ; Environmental studies ; Geography ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Within the migration system, the seminal Foresight report highlighted that climate change can have significant implications for staying populations. Yet research on this remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by assessing the impacts of sustained outmigration on staying farmer communities in the Indian Himalayan Region, affected by incremental climate change. Employing an empirical qualitative approach, new data is collected through semi-structured interviews ( n  = 72). Staying communities describe migration as good, bad, and necessary with the majority (46%) noting negative impacts such as fewer people to do agriculture, abandoned assets, more tasks for women, loss of community, disrupted household structures, mental health implications for the elderly, and disinvestment in public services. While remittances from migration have positive impacts, they are primarily used for meeting everyday needs (81%) and not invested in climate change adaptation. In addition to migration impacts, changing weather patterns, agricultural shifts, and societal transformations further exacerbate the vulnerabilities of staying populations. Without policy support to address these vulnerabilities, the benefits of migration may not effectively contribute to climate change adaptation. The findings here are likely applicable to staying populations in other mountain areas, facing similar pressures from migration and climate change, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to build long-term adaptive capacity.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 138
    ISSN: 0049-1241 , 0049-1241
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Sage, 2025
    Angaben zur Quelle: 54,2, Seiten 646-705
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: sequence analysis ; Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition ; gender ; pensions ; life course ; SHARE data ; gender pension gap ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Processes that unfold over individuals’ life courses are often associated with inequalities later in life. The literature lacks methodological approaches to analyze inequalities in outcomes between groups, for example, between women and men, in a life-course-sensitive manner. We propose a combination of methods—of sequence analysis, which enables us to study the multidimensional complexity of life courses with Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. This approach allows us to distinguish the share of inequalities between groups that is due to group-specific life courses from the share that is due to group-specific returns to similar life courses. We illustrate the combination of the two methods by analyzing work–family life courses and gender pension gaps in Italy and Germany. Our contribution is to systematically compare possible core analytical choices when combining typologies derived using sequence analysis with the Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition. For future applications, we propose a set of practical guidelines for sequence analysis–Kitagawa–Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 139
    ISSN: 0023-2653 , 0023-2653
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 76,2, Seiten 119-143
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Habitus ; Legitimation ; Leistung ; Professur ; Soziale Passung ; Habitus ; Legitimation ; Performance ; Professorship ; Social fit ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Als Prinzip für die Herstellung und Legitimation sozialer Ordnung gilt Meritokratie entweder als normativer Maßstab moderner Gesellschaften oder als eine von der Empirie sozialer Ungleichheiten laufend widerlegte Ideologie. Der Beitrag wählt einen anderen Ausgangspunkt und widmet sich den Herausforderungen der konkreten Umsetzung des abstrakten Leistungsprinzips. Anhand von Berufungsakten zu 145 Berufungsverfahren aus der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird ein spezifisches Problem rekonstruiert: Meritokratie ist in Berufungsverfahren nicht das einzige Prinzip zur Herstellung und Legitimation sozialer Ordnung. Die Besetzung von Professuren ist nicht nur an der Bestenauslese, sondern auch an der sozialen Passung von Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten orientiert. In der Praxis entsteht so das Ordnungsproblem, die Orientierung an Leistung mit der Orientierung an sozialer Passung zu vereinbaren. Der Beitrag zeigt, erstens, dass dieses Problem überhaupt erst entsteht, als das meritokratische Prinzip in den 1970er-Jahren so verbindlich wird, dass Leistungszuschreibungen die alleingültige Rechtfertigung für Berufungsentscheidungen sind. Zweitens wird herausgearbeitet, wie Gutachterinnen und Gutachter und Kommissionen mit diesem Ordnungsproblem umgehen und die meritokratische Bestenauslese in Berufungsverfahren mit der sozialen Passung von Kandidatinnen und Kandidaten vereinbaren. Der Beitrag trägt zu einem differenzierteren Verständnis des Leistungsprinzips bei, indem er praktische Probleme bei der konkreten Umsetzung des meritokratischen Prinzips beleuchtet.
    Abstract: As a principle for the establishment and legitimation of social order, meritocracy is regarded either as a normative standard of modern societies or as an ideology that is constantly refuted by the empirical evidence of social inequalities. This article proceeds from a different starting point and focuses on the challenges that emerge when the abstract principle of meritocracy is put into practice. Drawing on archived files of 145 professorial appointment procedures from the second half of the 20th century, the article reveals a specific problem: Meritocracy is not the only principle applied to establish and legitimize social order in appointment procedures. Professorial hiring is oriented not only toward selecting the best candidates but also toward their social fit. In practice, it is necessary to reconcile both principles, the orientation toward merit and the orientation toward social fit. The article shows, first, that this problem of social order first arose in the 1970s when the meritocratic principle became so binding that merit was the sole justification for appointment decisions. Second, it reveals how reviewers and committees dealt with this problem and reconciled the meritocratic selection of the best with the social fit of candidates. The article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the principle of meritocracy by shedding light on problems in the practical accomplishment of the principle.
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  • 140
    ISSN: 1098-092X , 1098-092X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41,1
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Masculinity ; Femininity ; Gender ideals ; Migrant youth ; Racial othering ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The debates at the nexus of migration and gender often focus on the supposedly diverging ideals Muslims and Christians have about gender. Migrant femininities and masculinities are framed in contrast to liberal, Western values and they undermine the efforts for more gender equality in Western societies. Only a few studies have addressed non-Muslim migrants' construction of, and their perceptions of, the femininities and masculinities of others. To fill this gap, we present the findings of a qualitative social research project where 43 young people aged 16 to 29 shared with us their perceptions regarding gender ideals. In our analysis, we utilize theories developed within women's studies and critical men and masculinities scholarship and adopt an intersectional lens to investigate how young first- and second-generation migrants in Berlin with roots in different world regions imagine their own and others' ideals of masculinity and femininity. Like non-migrant youth, our research participants want their life partnerships to be based on gender equality. Contrary to this, their ideals of femininity and masculinity embrace traditional gender roles, and they mirror the racialized relations in German society. We do not argue that the migrant youth's gender ideals are significantly shaped by their ethnic or religious belonging, and thus they do differ from those of non-migrant youth. However, racial othering is relevant for these migrants' images of their life partners and should be taken under consideration while designing specific policies aimed at increasing levels of gender equality in multi-diverse societies.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 141
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  34,2, Seiten 165-169
    ISSN: 0863-1808 , 0863-1808
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (5 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 34,2, Seiten 165-169
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 142
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  87,11, Seiten 2935-2965
    ISSN: 0924-6460 , 0924-6460
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 87,11, Seiten 2935-2965
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Local provision of public goods ; Political economy ; Voters ; Lobbyists ; Co-benefits ; Private costs of carbon ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft ; Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie
    Abstract: Cities increasingly address climate change, e.g. by pledging city-level emission reduction targets. This is puzzling for the provision of a global public good: what are city governments’ reasons for doing so, and do pledges actually translate into emission reductions? Empirical studies have found a set of common factors which relate to these questions, but also mixed evidence. What is still pending is a theoretical framework to explain those findings and gaps. This paper thus develops a theoretical public choice model. It features economies of scale and distinguishes urban reduction targets from actual emission reductions. The model is able to explain the presence of targets and public good provision, yet only under specified conditions. It is also able to support some stylized facts from the empirical literature, e.g. on the effect of city size, and resolves some mixed evidence as special cases. Larger cities chose more ambitious targets if marginal net benefits of mitigation rise with city size—if they set targets at all. Whether target setting is more likely for larger cities depends on the city type. Two types are obtained. The first type reduces more emissions than a free-riding city. Those cities are more likely to set a target when they are larger. However, they miss the self-chosen target. Cities of the second type reach their target, but mitigate less than a free-riding city. A third type does not exist. With its special cases, the model can thus guide further empirical and theoretical work.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 143
    ISSN: 2702-4288 , 2702-4288
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Wiley, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 3,6
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: crystallographic fragment screening ; EasyAccess Frame ; F2X compound libraries ; F2X facility ; fragment‐based lead discovery ; structure‐based drug design ; synchrotron beamlines ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Crystallographic fragment screening (CFS) has recently matured into an important method for the early stages of drug discovery projects. It is based on high‐throughput structure determination and thus requires a high degree of automation as well as specialized workflows and robust analysis tools. Consequently, large‐scale research facilities such as synchrotrons have embraced the method, and developed platforms to perform CFS campaigns with the help of crystallography experts and specific tools. The BESSY II synchrotron, operated by the Helmholtz–Zentrum Berlin (HZB), is one of these synchrotron facilities that offer a CFS platform, named the F2X‐facility. Here, the specialized F2X workflow is described along with the relevant differences to other existing CFS platforms, and the ongoing developments aimed at supporting users of the facility. The different stages of a CFS campaign including requirements, beamline capabilities, and the software environment are detailed and explained. A unique F2X‐GO kit is featured, which allows users the possibility of performing all sample preparation in their home laboratories. Furthermore, at the HZB a computational workflow has been built to support users beyond the hit identification stage. The advantages of the F2X‐facility at HZB are described and references are provided to successfully conduct CFS.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 144
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 11
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Complex networks ; Sociology ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Opinion formation within society follows complex dynamics. Towards its understanding, axiomatic theory can complement data analysis. To this end, we propose an axiomatic model of opinion formation that aims to capture the interaction of individual conviction with social influence in a minimalist fashion. Despite only representing that (1) agents have an initial conviction with respect to a topic and are (2) influenced by their neighbours, the model shows the emergence of opinion clusters from an initially unstructured state. Here, we show that increasing individual self-reliance makes agents more likely to align their socially influenced opinion with their inner conviction which concomitantly leads to increased polarisation. The opinion drift observed with increasing self-reliance may be a plausible analogue of polarisation trends in the real-world. Modelling the basic traits of striving for individual versus group identity, we find a trade-off between individual fulfilment and societal cohesion. This finding from fundamental assumptions can serve as a building block to explain opinion polarisation.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 145
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 80
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Fertility ; Labor market entry ; Fixed-term employment ; Recession entry ; Optimal full matching ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The conditions upon which young adults enter the labor market have been demonstrated to affect various later-life employment and family formation outcomes. After the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis, a thick strand of the literature has shown that precarious initial employment leads to postponed childbearing and higher ultimate childlessness. However, it is not only individual conditions that matter. Broader macroeconomic conditions upon entry also matter. The “scarring” literature has illustrated the consequences of entering the labor market during a recession on later life outcomes. Speaking to both strands and using detailed employment and birth histories of labor market entrants in Germany, this paper examines the effects of initial conditions, operationalized using fixed-term employment and recession year entry, on subsequent fertility behavior. To partly address bias from endogenous selection into initial conditions, we employ a two-step estimation strategy combining a non-parametric optimal full matching step and a parametric event history modeling step using the matched data. Results suggest that entering the labor market with a fixed-term contract is persistently and negatively associated with first births up to a decade after entry, and this pattern is pronounced only among women, whereas entering during a recession has persistent negative associations only among men.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0863-1808 , 0863-1808
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 34,3, Seiten 309-337
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Digitaler Kapitalismus ; Digitalisierung ; Elitesoziologie ; Finanzialisierung ; Transnationalisierung ; Digital capitalism ; Digitalisation ; Elite sociology ; Financialisation ; Transnationalisation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die Digitalisierung der Wirtschaft sorgt für eine Dynamisierung der politischen Ökonomie. Neue und etablierte Akteur:innen konkurrieren um die Kontrolle digitalisierter Wertschöpfungsketten. Der vorliegende Beitrag unternimmt eine erste Strukturanalyse der Eliten dieses Feldes in Deutschland. Für die Untersuchung werden Lebensläufe und Netzwerke von 254 Personen analysiert, die Schlüsselpositionen im Kontext der Digitalisierung der deutschen Wirtschaft einnehmen. Es wird geprüft, inwiefern die Koordinations- und Personalstruktur des Feldes von Logiken der Transnationalisierung und Finanzialisierung geprägt ist, die für die digitale Ökonomie leitend sind. An einigen Stellen lässt sich eine Anpassung von Reproduktionsstrategien an die veränderten Spielregeln der Digitalisierung beobachten: so bei der zunehmenden Verbreitung kurzer Auslandsaufenthalte oder beim Bedeutungsgewinn finanzialisierter Managementkompetenz in der New Economy. Die Grundpfeiler der deutschen Elitenreproduktion bleiben jedoch unangetastet. Im Gegensatz zu soziologischen Erwägungen, die schon im Kontext der Globalisierung einen Bedeutungsverlust nationaler Eliten erwarteten, zeigt sich: Erstens besteht in Deutschlands digitalisierter Wirtschaft ein nationales industrielles Netzwerk von Spitzenmanager:innen fort, welches über Aufsichtsräte sowie Konsultations- und Verbandsgremien integriert ist. Zweitens konnten kaum Ausländer:innen in die digitale Elite aufrücken und finden prägende Karriereschritte überwiegend im Inland statt. Drittens dominieren weiterhin charakteristische Merkmale der deutschen Elitenformation – wie Hauskarrieren, das Studium an deutschsprachigen Massenuniversitäten oder die Möglichkeit von Karrieren, die auf technischer Kompetenz beruhen. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die angestammten Eliten der deutschen Wirtschaft durch eine inkrementelle Anpassung ihrer Reproduktionsstrategien ihre Positionen auch im digitalen Kapitalismus behalten.
    Abstract: Digitalisation of the economy means dynamisation of the political economy. New and established players are competing for control of digitalised value chains. This article undertakes a first structural analysis of the elites in this field in Germany. The study analyses the CVs and networks of 254 individuals who occupy key positions in the context of the digitalisation of the German economy. It examines to which extent the coordination and personnel structure of the field is shaped by the logics of transnationalisation and financialisation. In some places, an adaptation of reproduction strategies to the changed rules of digitalisation can be observed: for example, in the increasing prevalence of short stays abroad or the growing importance of financialised management skills in the new economy. However, the cornerstones of German elite reproduction remain untouched. In contrast to sociological considerations which already expected a loss of importance of national elites in the context of globalisation, the following is evident: Firstly, a national industrial network of top managers continues to exist in Germany’s digitalised economy, which is integrated via supervisory boards as well as advisory bodies and association structures. Secondly, hardly any foreigners have been able to move up into the digital elite and formative career steps take place predominantly in Germany. Transnationalisation and financialisation have found their way into the personal careers of digital elites in Germany, but to a rather limited extent, especially in the industrial core. Thirdly, characteristic features of the German elite formation continue to dominate – such as careers at home, studying at German-language mass universities, or the possibility of careers based on technical expertise. These results suggest that the traditional elites of the German economy, by incrementally adapting their reproduction strategies, will retain their positions in digital capitalism.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 147
    ISSN: 0199-0039 , 0199-0039
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,1
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Migration ; Climate change ; Disasters ; Poverty ; Shocks ; Tanzania ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Disruptive events and calamities can have major consequences for households in the predominantly agrarian communities of Eastern Africa. Here, we analyze the impacts of environmental and non-environmental shocks on migration in Tanzania using panel models and longitudinal data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey between 2008 and 2013. Shocks are defined as events that lead to losses in income, assets, or both. We find shocks resulting from changes in environmental conditions to be positively related to migration over time with more recent shocks exerting the strongest impact. According to our estimates, the probability of having a household member absent increases by 0.81% with each additional environmental shock encountered in the past 12 months. Different types of shocks have differential effects on migration with the strongest effects being observed for shocks with an immediate impact on household livelihoods, including through livestock losses and crop damage. Households in the sample are differently affected with rural, agriculturally dependent, and poor households without alternative income sources showing the strongest changes in their migration behavior in response to shocks. Our study adds important insights into the relationship between disruptive events and migration in Eastern Africa considering a broad time window and the compounding influence of different shock types. Our findings have a range of policy implications highlighting the need for a comprehensive perspective on household responses in times of distress that considers the interplay of different shock types as well as the role of context in shaping mobility patterns.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 148
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  76,2, Seiten 207-220
    ISSN: 0023-2653 , 0023-2653
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 76,2, Seiten 207-220
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft ; Bräuche, Etikette, Folklore
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 149
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  37,2
    ISSN: 0933-1433 , 0933-1433
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,2
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Stress ; Child health ; Iraq ; I12 ; J13 ; O15 ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This paper examines the impact of exposure to violence during pregnancy on anthropometric and cognitive outcomes of children in the medium run. I combine detailed household-level data on more than 36,000 children with geo-coded information on civilian casualties in the aftermath of the US invasion of Iraq between 2003 and 2009 and exploit within-mother differences in prenatal exposure to violence. I find that one violent incident during pregnancy decreases height- and weight-for-age z-scores by 0.13 standard deviations and lowers cognitive and behavioral skills of children. Leveraging information on the severity, type and perpetrator of violence, I isolate the effect of stress from access to prenatal care. The analysis reveals that stressful events, particularly those involving direct threats to personal safety (violence directed at the civilian population and involving execution and torture), exert an even larger negative impact on child health than those incidents that disrupt health infrastructure and access to prenatal care.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 150
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  53,5, Seiten 1119-1149
    ISSN: 0304-2421 , 0304-2421
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature, 2024
    Angaben zur Quelle: 53,5, Seiten 1119-1149
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Conflict ; Dynamics ; Escalation ; Reconciliation ; Democratic theory ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: While democratic societies experience intense conflicts about topics such as migration and climate action, there is no sound theory of democratic conflict. Agonistic theories emphasize the importance of conflict for democracy, but disregard conflict dynamics. Conflict sociology has focused on international or violent conflicts and neglects democratic conflicts. This article shows how this lacuna can be overcome. First, it develops an innovative, empirically informed processual approach to democratic conflicts. To this end, it draws on a broad range of scholarship from sociology and social psychology, and integrates relevant insights into a processual framework for analyzing democratic conflicts that explores mechanisms of escalation, de-escalation, and reconciliation. Second, the article illustrates how this approach can ground a more elaborated democratic theory of conflict that concretizes how and when conflicts are beneficial to democracy, and explores the practices and institutions that democracies employ to cope with different conflict dynamics.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 151
    Language: German
    DDC: 301
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bericht ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Museumswissenschaft (Museologie)
    Abstract: “Koloniale Provenienzen erforschen” ist eine leicht gekürzte Fassung des Abschlussberichts zum Forschungsprojekt über die Provenienzen der Sammlungen aus Togo unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft, die sich heute in den Museen der Staatlichen Ethnographischen Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden) befinden. Im Mittelpunkt des vom Deutschen Zentrum Kulturgutverluste geförderten Projekts stand ein Konvolut von 700 “Objekten” und Fotografien, die zwischen 1899 und 1939 als Ankäufe oder Schenkungen an das Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden und das GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig gelangten. Das Projekt befasste sich mit den Geschichten ihrer Aneignung, die im Zusammenhang mit den Aktivitäten von Angehörigen der deutschen Kolonialpolizei, von Wissenschaftlern, Händlern und Kolonialbeamten in Togo unter deutscher Kolonialherrschaft von 1884 bis 1914 steht. Bei den kolonialen Akteuren handelt es sich um Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich und Gaston Thierry. Diese agierten im Rahmen des kolonialen Unrechtskontextes, der durch Annektierungsexpeditionen, Eroberungskriege sowie Missionierung und Aneignung von Kulturgut geprägt war. Die Ergebnisse der Forschung sind in der Online Collection der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden und in einer ausführlicheren Version des Abschlussberichts in der Datenbank Proveana des Deutschen Zentrums Kulturgutverluste veröffentlicht. Im jüngeren Feld der postkolonialen Provenienzforschung verortet, versteht sich der Bericht als Beitrag zur Erforschung der Geschichte der Völkerkundemuseen und ihrer weitverzweigten Netzwerke im kolonialen Kontext. Mit den Erkenntnissen zur engen Verbindung zwischen Museen und dem Projekt kolonialer Expansion und Herrschaft verdeutlicht er auch die Verantwortung, die den Museen bei der Aufarbeitung der kolonialen Geschichte zukommt.
    Abstract: "Researching Colonial Provenances" is a slightly abridged version of the final report of the research project on the provenances of the collections from Togo under German colonial rule, currently in the holdings of the museums of the Staatliche Ethnographische Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden). The project, funded by the German Lost Art Foundation, focused on a collection of 700 "objects" and photographs that were acquired for or donated to the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden and the GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig between 1899 and 1939. The project focused on the stories of their appropriation in connection with the activities of German members of the colonial police force, scientists, traders and colonial officials in Togo under German colonial rule from 1884 to 1914. The colonial actors in question are Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich and Gaston Thierry. They acted within the context of colonial injustice, which was characterised by annexation expeditions, wars of conquest, missionary work and the appropriation of cultural items. The results of the research are published in the Online Collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden and in a more detailed version of the final report in the Proveana database of the German Lost Art Foundation. Situated in the more recent field of post-colonial provenance research, the report is intended as a contribution to research into the history of ethnological museums and their extensive networks in a colonial context. With its findings on the close connection between museums and the project of colonial expansion and rule, it also emphasises the responsibility that museums have in accounting for their entanglement with colonial history.
    Note: English Translation: https://doi.org/10.18452/27458 ; French Translation: https://doi.org/10.18452/27459 , Weitere AutorInnen: Emery Patrick Effiboley: 0000-0003-4604-0465 Toni Hanel: 0009-0003-2471-6126 Katja Hofmann: 0009-0008-8845-0642 Léontine Meijer-van Mensch: 0009-0005-2826-8695 Julia Pfau: 0009-0009-8548-8976 Messan Tossa: 0009-0008-0508-7084
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  • 152
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (126 Seiten)
    DDC: 069
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Bericht ; Ethnology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Colonialism ; Postcolonialism ; West Africa ; Togo ; Ghana ; Ethnological museums and collections ; Cultural property ; Art - Provenance ; Mission ; Togo ; Ghana ; Afrique de l'Ouest ; Colonialisme ; Postcolonialisme ; Ethnologie ; Musées ethnographiques ; Patrimoine culturel ; Provenance des oeuvres d'art ; Mission ; Museumswissenschaft (Museologie) ; Soziologie und Anthropologie ; Internationale Migration und Kolonisation ; Kultur und Institutionen
    Abstract: "Researching Colonial Provenances" is a slightly abridged version of the final report of the research project on the provenances of the collections from Togo under German colonial rule, currently in the holdings of the museums of the Staatliche Ethnographische Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden). The project, funded by the German Lost Art Foundation, focused on a collection of 700 "objects" and photographs that were acquired for or donated to the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden and the GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig between 1899 and 1939. The project focused on the stories of their appropriation in connection with the activities of German members of the colonial police force, scientists, traders and colonial officials in Togo under German colonial rule from 1884 to 1914. The colonial actors in question are Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich and Gaston Thierry. They acted within the context of colonial injustice, which was characterised by annexation expeditions, wars of conquest, missionary work and the appropriation of cultural items. The results of the research are published in the Online Collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden and in a more detailed version of the final report in the Proveana database of the German Lost Art Foundation. Situated in the more recent field of post-colonial provenance research, the report is intended as a contribution to research into the history of ethnological museums and their extensive networks in a colonial context. With its findings on the close connection between museums and the project of colonial expansion and rule, it also emphasises the responsibility that museums have in accounting for their entanglement with colonial history.
    Abstract: "Rechercher les provenances coloniales" est une version légèrement abrégée du rapport final du projet de recherche sur les provenances des collections provenant du Togo sous la domination coloniale allemande, qui se trouvent aujourd'hui dans les musées des Staatlichen Ethnographischen Sammlungen Sachsen (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden). Le projet, soutenu par le Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste, était centré sur un ensemble de 700 "objets" et photographies qui ont été achetés ou donnés au Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden et au GRASSI Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig entre 1899 et 1939. Le projet s'est penché sur les histoires de leur appropriation, en lien avec les activités des membres de la police coloniale allemande, des scientifiques, des commerçants et des fonctionnaires coloniaux au Togo sous la domination coloniale allemande de 1884 à 1914. Les acteurs coloniaux en question sont Adolf Diehl, Hans Gruner, Harry Grunitzky, Ernst F. Gütschow, Oskar Marx, Valentin von Massow, Adam Mischlich et Gaston Thierry. Ceux-ci agissaient dans le cadre du contexte d'injustice coloniale, marqué par des expéditions d'annexion, des guerres de conquête ainsi que par le prosélytisme et l'appropriation de biens culturels. Les résultats de la recherche sont publiés dans la Online Collection des Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden et, dans une version plus détaillée du rapport final, dans la base de données Proveana du Deutsches Zentrum Kulturgutverluste. Situé dans le domaine plus récent de la recherche postcoloniale sur la provenance des biens, le rapport se veut une contribution à l'étude de l'histoire des musées d'ethnographie et de leurs vastes réseaux dans le contexte colonial. En découvrant les liens étroits entre les musées et le projet d'expansion et de domination coloniale, il souligne également la responsabilité des musées dans le traitement de l'histoire coloniale.
    Abstract: Not Reviewed
    Note: German Version: https://doi.org/10.18452/27457 ; French Translation: https://doi.org/10.18452/27459 ; Translated from the German by: Geraldine Schuckelt , Further authors: Emery Patrick Effiboley: 0000-0003-4604-0465 Toni Hanel: 0009-0003-2471-6126 Katja Hofmann: 0009-0008-8845-0642 Léontine Meijer-van Mensch: 0009-0005-2826-8695 Julia Pfau: 0009-0009-8548-8976 Messan Tossa: 0009-0008-0508-7084
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0036-6978 , 0036-6978
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (28 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: : Springer Nature
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,4, Seiten 387-414
    DDC: 302
    Keywords: Psychiatriekritik ; Performance ; Deutschland ; Soziale Bewegungen ; Demonstration ; Protestpraxis ; Critique of psychiatry ; Performance ; Germany ; Social movements ; Demonstration ; Protest practice ; Soziale Interaktion
    Abstract: Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen performative Artikulationen von Psychiatriekritik bei Demonstrationen: Wir betrachten Mad Pride-Paraden, die in verschiedenen deutschen Städten seit 2013 durchgeführt werden, in Relation zu Aktionen der Bremer „Blauen Karawane“ – einer Bewegung, die in den 1980er Jahren im Zuge der Auflösung einer psychiatrischen Großklinik entstand. Obwohl sie in unterschiedlichen zeitlich-lokalen Kontexten situiert sind, setzen beide auf Formen des Straßenprotests, um die Grenzziehung zwischen „normal“ und „verrückt“ infrage zu stellen und die gleichberechtigte Anerkennung psychischer Alterität voranzubringen. Eine detaillierte Untersuchung der Aktionsformen unterstreicht die Bedeutung von karnevaleskem Feiern, Provokationen und Spektakel für beide Formen der Psychiatriekritik. Wir argumentieren, dass diese Formen Kritik erfahrbar und zugleich Entwürfe einer anderen – besseren – Gesellschaft greifbar machen. Um diese Aspekte herauszuarbeiten, greifen wir auf queer- und gendertheoretische Überlegungen sowie auf Ansätze der Performance Studies zurück. Die Betrachtung von Mad Pride-Paraden und Blauer Karawane in ihren jeweiligen Kontexten offenbart Ähnlichkeiten in der Art und Weise, wie Kritik am Ausschluss von psychischer Alterität geübt wird, macht aber auch Unterschiede in Hinblick auf Betroffenheit, Teilhabe und Argumentationen deutlich.
    Abstract: This article focuses on performative articulations of critiques of psychiatry, with two forms of demonstration in particular: First, the Mad Pride Parades, which have been held in various German cities since 2013, and second actions by the “Blaue Karawane” in Bremen, a movement that emerged in the 1980s in the wake of the dissolution of a psychiatric clinic. Although they are situated in different temporal and local contexts, both rely on forms of street protest to question the demarcation between ‘normal’ and ‘mad’ and to promote the equal recognition of mental alterity. A detailed examination of the forms of action highlights the importance of carnivalesque celebration, provocation and spectacle for both forms of psychiatric critique. We argue that these forms allow experiencing this critique and, at the same time, make drafts of a different—better—society tangible. To elaborate on these aspects, we draw on queer and gender theoretical considerations as well as on approaches from performance studies. Looking at Mad Pride parades and the Blaue Karawane in their respective contexts reveals similarities in the way in which critique of the exclusion of mental alterity is articulated, but also highlights differences in terms of affectedness, participation and argumentation.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 154
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Language: German
    DDC: 020
    Keywords: Forschungsdaten ; Berlin Science Survey ; Wissenschaftsforschung ; Berliner Forschungsraum ; Berlin University Alliance ; Open Science ; Kooperationen ; Wissenstransfer ; Forschungsqualität ; Forschungskulturen ; Berlin research area ; Science Studies ; Meta Science ; Research Cultures ; Knowledge Transfer ; Research Quality ; Research Cooperation ; Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Der Berlin Science Survey (BSS) ist eine wissenschaftliche Trendstudie zum kulturellen Wandel in der Berliner Forschungslandschaft. Zu diesem Zweck werden im zweijährlichen Rhythmus die Erfahrungen und Einschätzungen der Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler im Berliner Forschungsraum in einer Onlinebefragung erhoben. Die Pilotstudie fand im Wintersemester 2021/22 statt. Der Datensatz umfasst die Angaben von 1.098 Personen, die am Survey teilgenommen haben.
    Abstract: The Berlin Science Survey (BSS) is a scientific trend study on cultural change in the Berlin research area. For this purpose, the experiences and assessments of scientists in the Berlin research area are collected in an online survey every two years. The pilot study took place in the winter semester 2021/22. The data set includes the information of 1,098 people who participated in the survey.
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  • 155
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 12,2
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: socio-ecological justice ; social learning ; inclusive decision-making ; community participation ; social capital ; collective action ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Geowissenschaften
    Abstract: Protected areas are a fundamental element for the protection of ecological integrity and, in some cases, the livelihood of local communities worldwide. They are also embedded in socio-ecological systems, and their management is subject to various political, economic, and social influences. Good governance of protected areas is recognized as a decisive aspect of ecological conservation, which is at risk in institutional contexts where there is a weak scope of action alongside issues with misrecognition of key actors and their representation in procedures. In this context, the present study case aims to assess the performance of the Río Negro National Park governance system in terms of effectiveness and justice to enable the identification of strategies to improve this protected area governance system for the achievement of its desired outcomes. Using the social-ecological systems approach, this paper proposes an analytical framework for the performance assessment, including both the effectiveness and justice of the governance of socio-ecological systems, stemming from the socio-ecological justice framework. It uses mixed methods based on semi-structured in-depth interviews supplemented by a focus group discussion, participant observation, and secondary data analysis. Results show that the governance of Río Negro National Park is negatively impacted by low-capacity, a lack of human, financial, and technical resources, as well as the lack of recognition of the indigenous community of the Yshiro and the rural community as key actors, leading to a lack of representation of their interests, values, and knowledge in norm-making and decision-making processes. The findings unveil some windows for improvement through better-designed environmental policies specifically based on collective action and social learning. The results demonstrate that effectiveness and justice influence each other and, therefore, are deeply intertwined. From the assessment conducted, the paper highlights the components of the governance system that should be improved to achieve good governance of the protected area as a socio-ecological system, promoting the ecological integrity and the dignity of life (socio-ecological justice) of the individuals and communities that are part of this system.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 156
    ISSN: 0340-0425 , 0340-0425
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Baden-Baden : Nomos
    Angaben zur Quelle: 51,1, Seiten 85-113
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Mit Blick auf LGBTQ*-Familien bleibt die rechtliche Gleichstellung in Deutschland hinter dem Wandel der Lebenswirklichkeit zurück. Durch diesen institutional lag werden Familien jenseits der Paar- und Cis-Norm weiter von familienpolitischen Rechten ausgeschlossen. Anhand qualitativer Interviews mit 13 LGBTQ*-Familien zeigen wir, wie Ungleichheiten im Recht fortbestehen und sich in die Familienpraxen einschreiben. Sexuelle Orientierung und Geschlechtsidentität müssen daher als zentrale Determinanten sozialer Ungleichheit stärker berücksichtigt werden.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 157
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  86,1, Seiten 176-198
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 86,1, Seiten 176-198
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: comparative ; family policy ; income or wages ; labor market ; marriage ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Objective To examine the effect of marriage entry on annual net rather than gross earnings across different institutional settings. Background Previous research focused on men's gross wage marital premium to explore whether selection or specialization explains premiums. However, gross wages do not reflect disposable resources because taxes still have to be deducted. As the tax treatment varies across countries and by marital status, it is also relevant to consider such aspects. Method We use panel data from the United States (PSID), Germany (SOEP), and the United Kingdom (UKHLS) to examine annual male net earnings changes over marriage entry using fixed effect models with individual slopes. The models enable us to assess marriage-related net earnings while adjusting for heterogeneous age slopes before marriage in addition to any time-constant heterogeneity. Our sample contains 3244 US men, 4581 German men, and 7140 British men. Results Our results reveal a male marital net earnings premium only in Germany—a country with sizeable institutional marriage privileges. We go on to show heterogeneity in marriage effects by cohort, partner's education, and children. Results highlight that men from earlier cohorts and those married to partners with low education tend to benefit more. Conclusion Results add novel insights to our understanding of marital premiums and highlight the relevance of tax policy contexts as an institutional driver underlying marital premiums.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 158
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  , Seiten 88-99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Vienna
    Angaben zur Quelle: , Seiten 88-99
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Queer culture ; gender-nonconforming people ; resilience ; Sozialwissenschaften
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  • 159
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  7
    Language: English
    Publ. der Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: social configuration ; post-foundationalism ; contingency ; Norbert Elias ; historical constellation ; orders of category ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Modern social sciences arose during a period of classical modernity in which discovering universal rules between distinct phenomena was the most prominent criterion of scientific knowledge. Social phenomena were considered in the form of isolated, determined, standardized, and regulated objects whose knowledge, like that of the natural sciences, depended on the understanding of universal laws. The accidental and the contingent were eliminated in favor of universal laws. With the intensifying of modernity and the transition to late and liquid modernity, and by suspending many dominant cognitive categories, this kind of essentialist foundationalism was attacked by a variety of anti/non-foundationalist criticism that subscribed to either plural grounds or groundlessness, a bottomless ground in which scientific knowledge at a high level lost its significance. This predicament has given rise to several biases and antinomies in modern social theory. By addressing some of these predicaments and antinomies, including foundationalism/non(anti-)foundationalism, agency/structure, the individual/society, essentialism/relativism, and universalism/singularism, the present article strives to propose the idea of social configurations as a solution to overcome them, and through this endeavor, it is indicated that considering these configurations can effectively explain emerging and interrelated global phenomena. By prioritizing the conditions of possibility for social phenomena, and taking into account their contingency, as well as the incompleteness and partiality of their foundations, social configurations are considered as units at the level of the particular whose relationality, indeterminacy, interdependence, and fluidity constitute their central features.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 160
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  21,4, Seiten 835-866
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Philadelphia : Springer US
    Angaben zur Quelle: 21,4, Seiten 835-866
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Augmented wealth ; Net worth ; Pension wealth ; Inequality ; Household income and labour dynamics in Australia survey ; D31 ; H55 ; J32 ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Wirtschaft
    Abstract: The omission of pension wealth potentially distorts the international comparison of wealth distributions. Private pension wealth is often included in households’ wealth portfolios, while public pension claims are not. Augmented wealth, the sum of net worth and pension wealth, resolves this limitation by including the present value of social security pension wealth. This article provides a detailed analysis of augmented wealth in Australia between 2002 and 2018, capturing the establishment of the compulsory private pension scheme, Superannuation, which was introduced in 1992. Augmented wealth is slightly less equally distributed in Australia than in Germany or Switzerland but more equal than in the United States. The article also explores the relationship between Superannuation dissaving rates and the means-tested public pension scheme, Age Pension, and its distributional implications.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 161
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  30,3, Seiten 317-337
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillian
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30,3, Seiten 317-337
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Modernity ; Stratemeyer Syndicate ; Young adult mystery novels ; Selfhelp ; Subjectification ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This essay connects the mass-produced books of the Stratemeyer Syndicate, The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories since 1930 and the Hardy Boys Adventures since 1927, with the discourses of self-help and self-improvement and argues that the effects these books have on their young readers instigate the formation of a very specific (white, middle class) subjectivity. This modern mode of relating to oneself includes an adjustable, self-assertive, self-monitoring personality, which can be understood as an answer to the challenges of the Second Industrialization and the contingencies connected to the acceleration, fragmentation, de-familiarizations, and individualization of modernity. At the same time, the essay argues, the novels also include a very specific position in terms of gender, race, and class, which, in spite of the figure of Nancy Drew, remains fundamentally linked to the values of patriarchy, the middle class and whiteness.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 162
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  47,4, Seiten 299-314
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
    Angaben zur Quelle: 47,4, Seiten 299-314
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: At the heart of capitalism is a contradiction between capital’s need for value-producing labor, including the commodification of care work and care products, and capitalists’ pursuit of profit at all costs, including the value of wages and the life and wellbeing of workers. The family is entangled in this contradiction insofar as its members, and particularly its female members, are encouraged to care for their children and for their dependent parents without (adequate) compensation out of love or duty, at the same time as they are immersed in and held up to standards of autonomy and self-care. In this article, I unpack this entanglement with respect to men and women’s care for their children and for their dependent parents in Germany. I argue that family members live out a structural contradiction in the reproduction of capitalism as a personal and family conflict and assume its fallouts as their personal failures. This makes the family relationships that center on care singularly excessive and family members prone to questioning their commitment, sensibility, and competence as mothers and fathers and as daughters and sons.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 163
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  88,2, Seiten 220-251
    ISSN: 0003-1224 , 0003-1224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 88,2, Seiten 220-251
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: cultural change ; life course ; panel data ; attitudes ; mixed-effects models ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Prior literature finds stability in personal culture, such as attitudes and values, in individuals’ life courses using short-running panel data. This work has concluded that lasting change in personal culture is rare after formative early years. This conclusion conflicts with a growing body of evidence for changes in personal culture after significant life course transitions, drawing on long-running panel data. To integrate these conflicting findings, the current study develops and applies a life course adaption model of personal culture, accounting for early imprinting and the continued possibility for change. Drawing on rich data from six long-running panel studies from five countries (BHPS, HILDA, PSID, SHP, SOEP, UKHLS) and 428 measures of personal culture, I test the theoretical expectations using mixed-effects modeling and an individual participant data meta-analysis. Results support the life course adaption model. Although lasting, non-transitory, within-individual changes in personal culture are relatively small compared to stable between-individual differences, I find strong support for the proposition that individuals change persistently in their personal culture as they move through the life course. These changes are partly dependent on prior biographical experiences. Finally, personal culture fluctuates substantially from year to year. Change in personal culture is increasingly varied for younger birth cohorts.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 164
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    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,2, Seiten 309-311
    ISSN: 1468-795X , 1468-795X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,2, Seiten 309-311
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Rezension ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible.
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  • 165
    ISSN: 0006-1972 , 0006-1972
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Berlin : De Gruyter Saur
    Angaben zur Quelle: 57,10-11, Seiten 600-612
    DDC: 020
    Keywords: Deutsche Bibliotheksstatistik ; DBS ; Geflüchtete ; Nachhaltigkeit ; grüne Bibliothek ; Corona ; Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: 2022 wurde die Deutsche Bibliotheksstatistik (DBS) für Öffentliche Bibliotheken durch ein neues Feature ergänzt: das „DBS-Blitzlicht“. Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Ziele hinter dem Konzept, die Erfahrungen aus dem ersten Durchgang 2022 und die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten der Ergebnisse. Einige Ergebnisse zu den 2022 abgefragten Themen – Angebote für Geflüchtete, Nachhaltigkeit und Einschränkungen durch Corona-Maßnahmen – werden dargestellt.
    Abstract: In 2022 a new feature for public libraries was introduced to the German Library Statistics (DBS) program – the DBS Blitzlicht/Flashlight. The article describes the concept, objectives and experiences during the first run in 2022, as well as possible uses of the results. Findings relating to various topics from special offers for refugees, to sustainability and restrictions due to COVID-19 are highlighted.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 166
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,3, Seiten 315-317
    ISSN: 1468-795X , 1468-795X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (3 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,3, Seiten 315-317
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Alienation ; democracy ; labor ; political theory ; work ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In his 2021 Walter Benjamin Lectures, Axel Honneth questioned the displacement of work from the center of contemporary political theories. This special issue collects an interview with Axel Honneth on central theses of his lectures and a number of commentaries that discuss issues like Honneth’s extended definition of work, his inclusion of long neglected care activities in the definition of work, the requirements for non-detrimental, meaningful work, Honneth’s criticism of contemporary trends in the division of labor, as well as his rejection of traditional critiques of working relations and conditions such as above all the critique of alienation. The special issue closes with a rejoinder by Axel Honneth.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 167
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: 59,6, Seiten 873-893
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Nutrition ; food security ; development interventions ; probit model ; propensity score matching ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Rigorous experiments show that nutrition-sensitive intervention programs can contribute to improved food and nutrition security (FNS) of rural households in low-and middle-income countries. Targeted individuals may, however, choose to engage with the intervention package at different intensities. It is yet unclear to what extent individual participation in more interventions influences FNS outcomes. Positive links would justify efforts by development stakeholders to diversify intervention packages and enable, encourage, or incentivize beneficiaries to participate in many different interventions. Using cross-sectional data from 2733 households across seven countries, we first estimate effects of a multi-sectoral intervention program using probit regressions, propensity score matching, and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. Over the course of the three-year program, beneficiaries joined 8.3 interventions, on average. We find that targeted households were 6–9 percent more likely to be food secure, and targeted women and children were 15–17 percent more likely to consume a nutrient-adequate diet. Our estimates show that, across three indicators of FNS, each additional intervention increased the probability of achieving positive outcomes by about 1 percent. We conclude that investments in diversified intervention programs can be justified by stronger FNS benefits. Development stakeholders could enable strong individual participation by reducing transaction and opportunity costs of participation.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 168
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  56,4-5, Seiten 219-235
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (17 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Taylor & Francis
    Angaben zur Quelle: 56,4-5, Seiten 219-235
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: authoritarian populism ; declinism ; far-right politics ; logistification ; nostalgia ; retrotopia ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Harder’s article investigates how changes in working and living conditions are experienced by workers and how these changes create the conditions of acceptability for right-wing politics. Drawing on qualitative interviews, mappings, questionnaires and fieldwork with workers in two retail workplaces in southern and eastern Germany, it outlines processes of logistification that impact workers’ routines of labour and social reproduction: that is, their everyday lives. Respondents testify to an intensification and isolation of labour as well as a general scarcity of resources for social reproduction and powerlessness to influence the changes. Their work environments demand continuous adaptation to new technologies and management strategies. These experiences are shaped by a metanarrative of societal decline that appears to lie beyond the workers’ control. Nostalgia—a romanticized imagination of the past—and reclusivity—a preference for privacy and suspicion of the public—emerge as responses to the perceived decline of their surroundings. They can constitute elements that far-right parties articulate against migration and towards authoritarian politics.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 169
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  32,8, Seiten 898-909
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Abingdon : Carfax
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,8, Seiten 898-909
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Intersex ; non-binary ; categorization ; politics of visibility ; doing gender ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This article discusses the recent introduction of ‘diverse’ and ‘no entry’ along ‘male’ and ‘female’ as gender categories in the German microcensus. It describes how intersex and non-binary survey participants are simultaneously made visible and invisible through different systems of gender classification and assignment. The article combines the analysis of documents by the Federal Statistical Office with expert interviews with activists and researchers working on legal and statistical gender identification from a non-binary and intersex perspective. Although two non-binary gender categories are included on paper at the point of data collection, they are subsequently randomly assigned ‘male’ or ‘female’ in data publication. Interviewed experts critically contextualize the survey practices of the microcensus and point to some of the problems with this approach. However, they also stress the non-linear connection between recognition and visibility and agree with data protection concerns related to super-visibility. Their criticism points towards several ways of rethinking gender classification and assignment in population surveys. This article contributes to discussions about the contested inclusion of subjects with marginalized gendered experiences into the population through legal and statistical technologies. Using the framework of in_visibility, it also points to the potentials and limitations of a politics of visibility.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 170
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (14 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : BioMed Central
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17,1
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Drugs ; Refugees ; Social ecology ; Refugee shelters ; Work permit ; Ecological model of refugee distress ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Background Previous research concluded that substance (mis)use is increasing among forcibly displaced populations. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted within a social ecological framework aimed at identifying and understanding the factors affecting substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context in high-income countries. The present study aims to develop an understanding of the links and underlying mechanisms between refugees’ social ecological determinants and substance (mis)using behavior. Methods Rapid assessments (RAs), including 108 semi-structured interviews and 10 focus group discussions with key persons from various professional, and personal backgrounds, were carried out in German urban and rural areas. The RA approach of interviewing key persons and not solely refugees that (mis)use substances allowed us to gather multi-perspective knowledge on this sensitive topic. Qualitative content analysis was applied, aiming at identifying determinants of substance (mis)use embedded in the post-migration context of refugees and understanding the underlying mechanisms. Results One main result of the data suggests that the link between refugees’ countries of origin and their post-migration substance (mis)use is not as direct as often assumed. It is observed that refugees’ prospects and opportunities in receiving countries (e.g., work permits) undermine this commonly reproduced link. Further determinants are related to living conditions in German refugee shelters and social relations with peers and families. The influence of refugees’ living conditions can be summarized as potentially increasing substance availability and distress, whereas family separation produces a loss of control and responsibility, increasing the risk for substance (mis)use. Peers’ influence on substance (mis)use was reported to reflect a search for a sense of belonging. Conclusions Given that refugees who (mis)use substances have limited to no control over the factors identified in our study to be associated with substance (mis)use, common treatment and prevention approaches are challenged. Furthermore, we recommend aiming for a holistic comprehension of refugees’ substance (mis)use by expanding the focus beyond individuals to the social ecological context in any attempt, including prevention, treatment, research, and policy.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 171
    ISSN: 0300-7839 , 0300-7839
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: New York, NY [u.a.] : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 51,2, Seiten 221-235
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Community-based natural resource management ; Conflict ; Cooperation ; Environmental peacebuilding ; Framework ; Social-ecological systems ; Cesar ; Colombia ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In conflict studies, environmental peacebuilding (EPB) has become an established concept to explain how environmental cooperation among opposing parties provides a platform for peacebuilding. EPB literature has been shaped predominantly by political science perspectives, initially with a focus on interstate conflicts, and ecological dynamics have received little attention to date. Building on the Social-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF), we develop a framework for community-based EPB and test it in post-conflict settings in the department of Cesar, Colombia. We use a qualitative mixed-methods approach, with 26 semi-structured interviews, six focus group discussions, and a World Café session with 30 participants. Our findings show that in six cases communities self-organize to access, conserve, and defend water and land resources while striving to achieve recognition of their civic rights by state actors. A central outcome of cooperation within and among communities is the (re)construction of collective and territorial identities and increased social cohesion. However, community-based EPB does not contribute to improving relations between communities and the private sector or the state, thus failing to strengthen actor relationships that are essential for Colombian peacebuilding. Despite limitations of this exploratory analysis, our approach proves fruitful for integrating ecological aspects in the understanding of EPB. To further develop the EPB concept, future research should look to other disciplines to diversify the understanding of key terms like resource value, cooperation, and peace.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 172
    ISSN: 0894-4393 , 0894-4393
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks, Calif. [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 41,1, Seiten 141-162
    DDC: 004
    Keywords: mouse movements ; paradata ; web surveys ; difficulty ; personalization ; supervised learning models ; classification ; Informatik ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Survey research aims to collect robust and reliable data from respondents. However, despite researchers’ efforts in designing questionnaires, survey instruments may be imperfect, and question structure not as clear as could be, thus creating a burden for respondents. If it were possible to detect such problems, this knowledge could be used to predict problems in a questionnaire during pretesting, inform real-time interventions through responsive questionnaire design, or to indicate and correct measurement error after the fact. Previous research has used paradata, specifically response times, to detect difficulties and help improve user experience and data quality. Today, richer data sources are available, for example, movements respondents make with their mouse, as an additional detailed indicator for the respondent–survey interaction. This article uses machine learning techniques to explore the predictive value of mouse-tracking data regarding a question’s difficulty. We use data from a survey on respondents’ employment history and demographic information, in which we experimentally manipulate the difficulty of several questions. Using measures derived from mouse movements, we predict whether respondents have answered the easy or difficult version of a question, using and comparing several state-of-the-art supervised learning methods. We have also developed a personalization method that adjusts for respondents’ baseline mouse behavior and evaluate its performance. For all three manipulated survey questions, we find that including the full set of mouse movement measures and accounting for individual differences in these measures improve prediction performance over response-time-only models.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 173
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,3, Seiten 318-338
    ISSN: 1468-795X , 1468-795X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,3, Seiten 318-338
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Axel Honneth ; critical theory ; democracy ; division of labor ; work ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In the summer of 2021, Axel Honneth was invited by the Centre for Social Critique Berlin to give the Walter Benjamin Lectures. The lectures have now been published in German under the title Der arbeitende Souverän (The Working Sovereign). In a conversation with the directors of the Centre for Social Critique, Rahel Jaeggi and Robin Celikates, Axel Honneth explains why he believes a political theory of labor is necessary, how the world of work has changed, and what opportunities and risks this entails for democratization processes.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 174
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  14,8
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 14,8
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: political Islam ; Islamism ; post-foundationalism ; discursive tradition ; social configuration ; Islamicity ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The exploration of the quiddity of political Islam and the diverse range of categories and terms associated with it has emerged as a prominent research agenda within the social and political sciences. The application of these terms to a wide array of heterogeneous phenomena and currents among Muslim populations worldwide, coupled with the utilization of multiple theoretical approaches to define and formulate them within the realm of social studies, has posed significant challenges to their usage. The inherent ambiguity and lack of determinacy surrounding the dominant categories and definitions prevalent in the study of political Islam have led to a decline in their explanatory capacity, giving rise to a host of theoretical, methodological, normative, and political dilemmas and predicaments. This problematic state, compounded by the extensive body of research in the field of political Islam, necessitates an epistemological interrogation into the prevailing categories and definitions within this scholarly domain. Through a critical examination of prevailing definitions within the field, particularly in relation to the idea of foundation, the present article draws on the post-foundationalist approach to propose a distinctive conceptual apparatus for understanding and interpreting the phenomena categorized under political Islam. By juxtaposing the notions of discursive tradition and social configuration, the article endeavors to construct a nuanced understanding of political Islam that not only incorporates and comprehends the singular characteristics of the objects of inquiry but also encompasses varying levels of universality in elucidating the social phenomena observed among Muslims and in the Islamic world.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 175
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  60,12, Seiten 2384-2399
    ISSN: 0042-0980 , 0042-0980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publications Ltd.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 60,12, Seiten 2384-2399
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: affective atmospheres ; encampments ; everyday benevolence ; homelessness governance ; informality ; 情感氛围 ; 营地 ; 日常慈善 ; 无家可归者治理 ; 非正规性 ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This article explores the operation of homeless encampments as a part of governance by highlighting the role of affective atmospheres. The COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of lockdowns have seen the introduction of unprecedented measures into homelessness governance in Czech cities. Some have set up temporary homeless encampments as a response to the declaration of the state of emergency. Relying on interviews and observations, this article reveals that such measures in cities differed significantly in both character and outcomes. Based on a repeated instances comparison of the socio-material and affective entanglements of operating two emergency encampments – one in the regional city of Pilsen and the other in the capital city of Prague – the article argues that affective atmospheres play a vital role in their practical operations and perceived outcomes. While no simple dichotomy is implied, in Pilsen, order was implemented through a surveillance logic that instigated conflicts and created an atmosphere of frustration, while in Prague, the benevolence and mutuality of people in the camp led to a relaxed atmosphere. The article introduces the notion of ‘governed by atmospheres’ and argues that it opens space for a more complex and nuanced examination of the unintended outcomes of particular policies and politics in homelessness governance.
    Abstract: 本文通过强调情感氛围的作用,探讨了作为治理的一部分的无家可归者营地的运营。新冠疫情和封锁的实施见证了捷克各城市在无家可归者治理方面所采取的前所未有的措施。在城市宣布进入紧急状态后,作为应对措施,一些城市建立了临时的无家可归者营地。通过访谈和观察,本文揭示了城市中的此类措施在性质和结果上都存在显著差异。我们选取了两个紧急营地(一个在区域中心城市比尔森,另一个在首都布拉格)作为案例,对两个紧急营地的运营所面临的社会物质和情感方面的复杂情况进行了多次比较,在此基础上,本文认为情感氛围在他们的实际运营和感知结果中起着至关重要的作用。尽管不能简单地将两者一分为二,但在比尔森,秩序是通过煽动冲突并营造沮丧氛围的监视逻辑来实施的,而在布拉格,营地中人们的仁慈和互助营造了轻松的氛围。本文介绍了“用氛围来治理”的概念,并认为该概念开辟了更为广阔的空间,使人们能够对无家可归者治理中特定政策和政治的意外结果进行更复杂、更细致的审视。
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 176
    Language: German
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Bericht ; Fluchtmigration ; Migration ; Ankommensprozesse ; Stadt ; Großwohnsiedlungen ; Ostdeutschland ; Infrastruktur ; Teilhabe ; Diskriminierung ; Rassismus ; Wohnen ; Refugee migration ; migration ; arrival processes ; city ; large housing estates ; East Germany ; infrastructure ; participation ; discrimination ; racism ; housing ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Das vorliegende Working Paper fasst die Ergebnisse des Teilprojektes „Bewohner*innenschaft und Migration“ zusammen, das Teil des BMBF-geförderten Verbundprojektes „Vom Stadtumbauschwerpunkt zum Einwanderungsquartier? (StadtumMig, Laufzeit 2019-2022, BMBF-FKZ 01UR1802C)“ war. Das Projekt untersuchte Ankommensprozesse von Geflüchteten in drei ostdeutschen Großwohnsiedlungen in Schwerin, Halle(Saale) und Cottbus seit 2014/15 und nahm dabei insbesondere Fragen des lokalen Zusammenlebens, des Ressourcenzugangs und der Bleibeperspektiven von Geflüchteten in den Blick.
    Abstract: This working paper summarizes the results of the sub-project "Residents and Migration", which was part of the BMBF-funded joint project "From Demolition to Immigration? (StadtumMig, 2019-2022, BMBF-FKZ 01UR1802C)". The project examined the arrival processes of refugees in three large East German housing estates in Schwerin, Halle(Saale) and Cottbus since 2014/15, focusing in particular on questions of local coexistence, access to resources and the prospects for refugees to stay.
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  • 177
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (110 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2023
    DDC: 300
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; lokale Demokratie ; Rechtsextremismus ; Urban Governance ; Kommunalpolitik ; Partizipation ; local democracy ; far right ; urban governance ; urban politics ; participation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die vorliegende kumulative Arbeit untersucht, inwiefern lokale Aushandlungsprozesse im Umgang mit extrem rechten Mobilisierungen zu deren Normalisierung beitragen. Die Studie adressiert zwei Forschungsdesiderate: Erstens externalisieren viele Beiträge die extrem Rechte von städtischen Demokratien. Folglich ist die Literatur nicht in der Lage zu erfassen, wie extrem rechte Agenden und Ideologien innerhalb lokaler partizipativer Prozesse in liberalen Demokratien normalisiert werden. Zweitens sind die Akteure und Prozesse, welchen diesen lokalen Aushandlungen zugrunde liegen, nicht ausreichend untersucht. Um diese Lücken zu schließen, verbindet die Studie Theoriestränge aus der Urban Governance - Literatur mit sozialwissenschaftlichen Debatten über den Aufstieg der extrem Rechten. Der methodische Rahmen der Arbeit besteht aus einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign in Form einer explorativen Einzelfallstudie in der Stadt Cottbus. Die Analyse zeigt, dass das Narrativ der Externalisierung in dreierlei Hinsicht eine falsche Dichotomie zwischen der extremen Rechten und lokalen Aushandlungsprozessen schafft: Erstens ignoriert es, dass deliberative Prozessen zwar das Versprechen auf Demokratisierung innewohnt, dieses aber durch bestehende gesellschaftliche Machtverhältnisse durchkreuzt wird, die Näherböden für autoritäre Mobilisierung bieten können. Zweitens übersieht es die Verflechtung zwischen Rassismus und den städtischen Institutionen, die auf extrem rechte Mobilisierung reagieren, und oftmals Anknüpfungspunkte für extrem rechte Ideologien bieten. Drittens wird argumentiert, dass dies auf den lokalen Staat als umkämpftes Terrain hinweist.
    Abstract: This doctoral dissertation explores to what extent local negotiations of far-right contestations contribute to the latter’s normalisation. The project is prompted by the crux that even though the central role of cities and local participatory planning processes in countering far-right contestations is widely acknowledged, far-right contestations have hardly been challenged. It seeks to address two scholarly blind spots: First, mainstream accounts engaging with the question of how municipalities deal with far-right contestations have largely externalised the far right from urban democracy. Consequently, the current literature is not able to grasp how far-right agendas and ideologies can indeed be normalised within local participatory processes. Second, the actors and processes involved in the local negotiation of far-right contestations remain understudied. To fill these gaps, the cumulative dissertation connects discussions on urban governance with recent debates on the rise of the far right. The methodological framework of this thesis consists of a qualitative, explorative single-case study in the city of Cottbus, Germany. The analysis reveals that the liberal narratives of externalisation create a false dichotomy between far-right contestations and local negotiations in liberal democracies in a threefold way. First, they ignore how far-right contestations can be strengthened within traditional deliberative processes, as their promise of equal participation for all citizens is juxtaposed with the inability of such processes to re-negotiate the power relations aggravating the social inequalities giving rise to the far right in the first place. Second, by externalising the divisiveness propagated by far-right contestations, they overlook the interconnectedness between racism and the institutions governing cities, which offers points of contact for far-right ideology. Third, it is argued that this points to the local state as contested terrain.
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  • 178
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 14,9
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: domestic violence ; religion ; Africa ; COVID-19 pandemic ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The increase in domestic violence—particularly against women—is one of the most alarming indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting countries worldwide. Following a mixed-methods approach, this paper examines religious leaders’ perspectives on and their engagement with this topic. It scrutinises the findings of the online survey Religious Leaders’ Perspectives on Corona, conducted from 2020 to 2021 by the Research Programme on Religious Communities and Sustainable Development at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Most answers came from the African continent and showed that more female than male leaders perceived an increase in domestic violence during the pandemic or see the need to respond to this topic. However, both male and female participants warned that domestic violence is underreported, inter alia, because of religio-cultural norms. To illustrate how the relationship between women and men in marriage is understood and (re)interpreted and how domestic violence is addressed in individual communities, this paper additionally draws on semi-structured interviews with church leaders conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda from 2017 to 2019 and in 2022. In addition to forms of support and advocacy against domestic violence, the examples also show that church leaders might call for women’s empowerment while upholding the idea of male headship.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 179
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  30,2, Seiten 313-316
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für Sozialwissenschaften
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30,2, Seiten 313-316
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Rezension ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 180
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (169 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2023
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Klimawandel ; Klimaanpassung ; Anpassungseinschränkungen ; Anpassungsgrenzen ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Adaptation constraints ; Adaptation limits ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die systematische Synthese von Informationen über Anpassung, Anpassungsstrategien, Einschränkungen und Grenzen auf globaler Ebene durch die Aufarbeitung der wissenschaftlichen Literatur und mit Hilfe von Techniken des maschinellen Lernens. In einem zweiten Schritt werden mittels einer Online-Umfrage und halbstrukturierter Interviews die Wahrnehmungen von Einschränkungen der Anpassungsmöglichkeiten in den kleinen Inselstaaten der Karibik bewertet, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den Wechselwirkungen zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Einschränkungen und dem erheblichen Einfluss der fehlenden Anpassungsfinanzierung liegt. Schließlich wird ein zukunftsorientierter Ansatz verfolgt, bei dem Bottom-up- und Top-down-Daten kombiniert werden, um zu veranschaulichen, wie sich sozioökonomische Dimensionen im Zusammenhang mit Einschränkungen bis zum Jahr 2100 unter verschiedenen Szenarien der künftigen sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen entfalten könnten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anpassung derzeit schrittweise und weitgehend fragmentiert erfolgt. Die Erkenntnisse über die Anpassungspolitik nehmen rasch zu, aber es bestehen weiterhin geografische Ungleichheiten. Finanzen und Regierungsführung sind weltweit die größten Einschränkungen, wobei die kleinen Inselstaaten sowie Mittel- und Südamerika die meisten Einschränkungen und Grenzen melden. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Einschränkungen können zu Grenzen und zusätzlichen Verlusten und Schäden führen. Dies unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, die Einschränkungen parallel anzugehen und eine nachhaltige und gezielte Anpassungsfinanzierung zu gewährleisten. Mögliche Szenarien für die künftige Entwicklung zeigen, dass selbst in den optimistischsten Szenarien sozioökonomische Schlüsseldimensionen wie schwache Regierungsführung die Anpassung bis weit in die zweite Hälfte des 21. Jahrhunderts hinein erschweren werden.
    Abstract: The first part of this thesis focuses on systematically synthesising information on adaptation, adaptation policies, constraints and limits on the global level by reviewing scientific literature and with the support of machine learning techniques. Secondly, through an online-survey and semi-structured interviews, perceptions of constraints in Caribbean Small Island Developing States are assessed, by focusing on the interactions between different types of constraints and the significant influence of the lack of adaptation finance. Finally, a forward-looking approach combining bottom-up and top-down data is taken to illustrate how socio-economic dimensions related to constraints could evolve by 2100, under various scenarios of future development. The results show that adaptation is currently incremental and largely fragmented. Evidence on adaptation policy is rapidly growing but geographic inequalities persist. There is negligible data on adaptation reducing climate change risks. Finance and governance are found to be the most prominent constraints globally, with Small Island Developing States and Central and South America reporting most constraints and limits. Indeed, Caribbean Small Island Developing States face large financial constraints which in turn closely interact with governance, human capacity and information constraints and result in vicious circles. Interactions between constraints can lead to limits and additional losses and damages. This highlights the need to address constraints in parallel and for sustained and dedicated adaptation finance. Potential scenarios of future development show that, even under the most optimistic scenarios, key socio-economic dimensions such as weak governance will challenge adaptation well into the second half of the 21st century. The persistence of constraints, in particular in the most vulnerable regions, calls for stringent mitigation, improved adaptation and increased efforts to address losses and damages.
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  • 181
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (161 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Kumulative Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2023
    DDC: 900
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    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Biodiversität ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Naturschutzfinanzierung ; Klimafinanzierung ; Ressourcenverteilung ; Regenwälder ; Trockenwälder ; Savannen ; Indigene Völker und lokale Gemeinschaften ; Landsystem ; biodiversity ; foreign aid ; sustainable development ; conservation finance ; climate finance ; resource allocation ; rainforests ; dry forests ; savannas ; Indigenous peoples and local communities ; land systems ; Geschichte, Geografie und Hilfswissenschaften ; Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Internationale Geldgeber haben die Finanzierung für den Schutz tropischer Wälder erhöht, um der globalen Herausforderung von Klima, Biodiversität und Nachhaltigkeit zu begegnen. Allerdings fehlen subnationale Informationen darüber, wo und wie die Gelder verteilt werden, welche Faktoren die Finanzierung beeinflussen und wie sie mit der Dynamik der Wälder und geschützten Gebiete korrelieren. Diese Thesis beabsichtigt, diese Fragen zu beantworten, indem sie sich mit drei Jahrzehnten internationaler Naturschutzfinanzierung in den Hauptabholzungsgebieten Südamerikas auseinandersetzt. Mithilfe gemischter Methoden habe ich die Interessen der Geldgeber thematisch und geografisch kartiert, räumliche Determinanten der Mittelvergabe identifiziert und Schwankungen der Finanzierung über Standorte und Zeit hinweg mit der Dynamik der Waldbedeckung und geschützten Gebiete verknüpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die internationale Naturschutzfinanzierung eine Mischung aus global relevanten Interessen und bilateralen Interessen darstellt, ermöglicht durch sozioökonomische und biophysikalische Verbindungen zwischen den spendenden und empfangenden Regionen. Trockenwaldökosysteme mit hoher Abholzungsrate waren besonders unterfinanziert und gefährdeten die Ökosysteme, Arten und die lokale Bevölkerung. Die Verknüpfung von Schutzgebieten und Finanzierung mit dem Konzept der Landnutzungsdynamik enthüllte weitere Nuancen und half, kontextspezifische Empfehlungen zu identifizieren. Diese Studie präsentierte die erste subnationale Analyse der internationalen Naturschutzfinanzierung auf kontinentaler Ebene, zeigte Übereinstimmungen und Diskrepanzen zwischen den zugeteilten Ressourcen und den Naturschutzbedürfnissen und beleuchtete die komplexe und dynamische Landschaft der Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten, mit der andere Akteure umgehen müssen.
    Abstract: International donors have increased funding for tropical forest conservation to address the global challenge of climate, biodiversity, and sustainability. However, subnational information on where and how funds are allocated, factors influencing funding, and its correlation with forest dynamics and protected areas is lacking. This thesis aims to answer these questions by delving into three decades of international conservation funding in South America’s major deforestation areas. Using mixed methods, I mapped donor interests thematically and geographically, identify spatial determinants of funding allocation, and link funding variations across locations and time with forest cover and protected areas dynamics. Results found that international conservation funding carried a mix of globally relevant interests and bilateral interests enabled by socio-economic and biophysical connections between the donating and receiving regions. Dry forest ecoregions with high deforestation rates have been particularly underfunded, threatening the ecosystems, species, and local people depending on them. Dedicated global biodiversity fund, raising attention to drier ecosystems, targeting highly threatened areas, and making funding more accessible to local actors for local conservation needs, may help address the gap. This study presented the first subnational level analysis of international conservation funding at the continental scale, revealed the matches and mismatches between the allocated resources and the conservation needs, and shed light on the complex and dynamic landscape of funding opportunities that other actors need to navigate in.
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  • 182
    ISSN: 0921-2973 , 0921-2973
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
    Angaben zur Quelle: 38,5, Seiten 1147-1161
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Socio-ecological land systems ; Resilience ; Telecoupling ; Mobility ; Governance ; Conservation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Context For nearly three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being and livelihoods, communities, and economies in myriad ways with consequences for social-ecological systems across the planet. The pandemic represents a global shock in multiple dimensions that has already, and is likely to continue to have, far-reaching effects on land systems and on those depending on them for their livelihoods. Objectives We focus on the observed effects of the pandemic on landscapes and people composing diverse land systems across the globe. Methods We highlight the interrelated impacts of the pandemic shock on the economic, health, and mobility dimensions of land systems using six vignettes from different land systems on four continents, analyzed through the lens of socio-ecological resilience and the telecoupling framework. We present preliminary comparative insights gathered through interviews, surveys, key informants, and authors’ observations and propose new research avenues for land system scientists. Results The pandemic’s effects have been unevenly distributed, context-specific, and dependent on the multiple connections that link land systems across the globe. Conclusions We argue that the pandemic presents concurrent “natural experiments” that can advance our understanding of the intricate ways in which global shocks produce direct, indirect, and spillover effects on local and regional landscapes and land systems. These propagating shock effects disrupt existing connections, forge new connections, and re-establish former connections between peoples, landscapes, and land systems.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 183
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  72,6, Seiten 1069-1087
    ISSN: 0011-3921 , 0011-3921
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,6, Seiten 1069-1087
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Self-identity ; self-optimisation ; sociology of psychologies ; technologies of the self ; therapeutic culture ; Identité de soi ; culture thérapeutique ; optimisation de soi ; sociologie des psychologies ; technologies de soi ; auto-identidad ; auto-optimización ; cultura terapéutica ; sociología de las psicologías ; tecnologías del yo ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Self-optimisation has arguably become a central socio-cultural trend in contemporary Western societies. The imperative to optimise our ways of thinking, feeling and interacting with others features prominently in public discourse, and a range of commercial products and services are available to assist us in our quest to become the best version of our selves. However, self-optimisation has so far received scant attention in sociological research. Addressing this knowledge gap, we aim to introduce self-optimisation as a concept for sociological analysis. We first situate self-optimisation in several closely linked strands of academic debate, on transformations of self-identity under conditions of globalisation and neo-liberal capitalism, and on the spread of a therapeutic culture. We then map the socio-cultural antecedents of self-optimisation, survey its rise as a salient public discourse and as a form of everyday practice and consider some political implications. In the conclusion, we set out an agenda for further research on self-optimisation and discuss its conceptual and empirical relevance beyond the Global Northwest.
    Abstract: L’optimisation de soi est devenue une tendance socioculturelle centrale dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines. L’impératif d’optimiser nos façons de penser, de ressentir et d’interagir avec les autres occupe une place importante dans le discours public, et toute une série de produits et services commerciaux sont disponibles pour nous aider dans notre quête pour devenir la meilleure version de nous-mêmes. Cependant, l’optimisation de soi a jusqu’à présent reçu peu d’attention dans la recherche sociologique. Pour combler ce manque, nous souhaitons introduire l’optimisation de soi en tant que concept pour l’analyse sociologique. Nous commençons par situer l’optimisation de soi au sein de plusieurs axes étroitement liés du débat académique, concernant les transformations du concept de soi dans le contexte de la mondialisation et du capitalisme néolibéral, et la diffusion d’une culture thérapeutique. Nous dressons ensuite la carte des antécédents socioculturels de l’optimisation de soi, examinons sa montée en puissance en tant que discours public marquant et forme de pratique quotidienne et nous penchons sur certaines de ses implications politiques. Dans la conclusion, nous établissons un programme pour des recherches plus approfondies sur l’optimisation de soi et discutons de sa pertinence conceptuelle et empirique au-delà des pays du Nord-Ouest global.
    Abstract: Podría decirse que la auto-optimización se ha convertido en una tendencia sociocultural central en las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas. El imperativo de optimizar nuestras formas de pensar, sentir e interactuar con los demás ocupa un lugar destacado en el discurso público, y hay una gama de productos y servicios comerciales disponibles para ayudarnos en nuestra búsqueda para convertirnos en la mejor versión de nosotros mismos. Sin embargo, la auto-optimización ha recibido hasta ahora poca atención en la investigación sociológica. Al abordar esta brecha en la investigación, nuestro objetivo es introducir la auto-optimización como un concepto para el análisis sociológico. En primer lugar, se sitúa la auto-optimización en varias líneas del debate académico, estrechamente vinculadas, sobre las transformaciones de la identidad propia en el contexto de la globalización y el capitalismo neoliberal, y sobre la difusión de una cultura terapéutica. Luego se mapean los antecedentes socioculturales de la auto-optimización, se analiza su surgimiento como discurso público ampliamente visible y como forma de práctica cotidiana y se consideran algunas implicaciones políticas. En la conclusión, se establece una agenda para futuras investigaciones sobre la auto-optimización y se discute su relevancia conceptual y empírica más allá del Norte Occidental Global.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 184
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,3, Seiten 365-377
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,3, Seiten 365-377
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Alienation ; capitalist economy ; democracy ; human potential ; working conditions ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Philosophie, Parapsychologie und Okkultismus, Psychologie
    Abstract: In his critique of contemporary working conditions, Axel Honneth rejects Marx’s concept of alienation for three main reasons: (1) The concept is allegedly tied to industrial labor as the standard model of work. (2) The ideal of unalienated labor seems to be too demanding in its aspiration to the full development of all human potential. (3) The level of analysis is so fundamental that the critique loses the “ends in view,” that is, the feasible almerioation of actual working conditions. I argue that these three challenges can be met by a more charitable reading of Marx. Moreover, alienation helps us to identify structural reasons for the failure of approaches to improve working conditions in recent decades and provides analytical tools for the current crises of democracy.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 185
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,3, Seiten 389-400
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,3, Seiten 389-400
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Care ; critical theory ; democratization ; gender ; recognition ; social reproduction ; work ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Axel Honneth’s latest work The Working Sovereign. A Normative Theory of Work states that the democratization of work and employees’ experience of democracy at work are important prerequisites for creating and promoting democracy as well as social and political participation. According to Honneth, various aspects of ‘good work’ are essential for such a democratization of work. Undoubtedly working conditions must be improved and it is an inestimable merit of Axel Honneth’s book to demand this so clearly. Beyond this fundamental agreement, I would, however, take a broader view of some details and draw some conclusions differently. First, it is difficult to derive the improvements needed in the world of work from a theory of democracy alone as its limited scope hides other urgent problems. Second, any approach might prove short-sighted if the democratization of work thesis only refers to wage labour or, at best, to paid care work. Rather, a comprehensive concept of care/work must be the starting point. On a surface level, Honneth’s conception of work is broad and gender-sensitive. However, Honneth does not follow this to its logical conclusion and fails to provide a systematic role to his conception of work when deriving his claims in the final chapters of his book. Rather, this broad conception of work is lost more or less inconspicuously behind a latent androcentrism. This has far-reaching consequences: from a comprehensive, gender-theoretical perspective, it would have been necessary to demand the ‘democratization of care/work’ such that gender and specifically women, who are the main care providers and perform this work largely unpaid and invisibly, finally are also included. What is more, in Honneth’s analysis the same elision applies to other intersectional categories, as race, migration, citizenship and ability are all lost from view in Honneth’s nation-state-based, homogeneous and harmonious concept of democratization. In sum, in my critical engagement with Honneth’s new text I will show that while he very clearly points out the indispensable need for better working conditions, he is blind to gender and care work.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 186
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  50,1, Seiten 43-65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 50,1, Seiten 43-65
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Habermas ; public sphere ; communicative action ; colonization of the lifeworld ; systematically distorted communication ; the return of the repressed ; filter bubbles ; echo chambers ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: The contemporary proliferation of “filter bubbles” and “echo chambers” seems to render obsolete the notion of a public sphere in the singular. In my article, I would like to argue against this view: Following Jürgen Habermas, “the public sphere” can be understood as the concomitant horizon of communicative action, while the latter permeates society as a whole. On the basis of this socio-philosophical approach, the omnipresent tendencies toward fragmentation appear as reactive attempts to ward off this socially established and context-transcending context of discussion. Habermas himself, however, has never adopted this perspective. Instead, he interprets the various symptoms of the decline of the public sphere—including its fragmentation—as the result of a “colonization of the lifeworld” by economic, bureaucratic, and technological system logics. However, on the basis of the concept of “systematically distorted communication,” which was still crucial for Habermas’s early work, it is possible to reconstruct how the lifeworld context of communicative action, out of which the public sphere emerges, is not only corroded and cut through from the outside by system logics but also exhibits its own dialectic of the refusal of discourse and the overcoming of this refusal. The fragmentation of the public sphere that we are confronted with today can be theoretically interpreted and politically addressed as a precarious standstill of this dialectic.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 187
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  32,2, Seiten 210-231
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (22 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,2, Seiten 210-231
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: social theory of time ; modernity ; coordination ; acceleration ; monetization ; culturalization of time ; social theory ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Time plays an integral role in understanding how the social is possible. However, most discussions of sociological classical thinkers—such as Georg Simmel—remain starkly underexplored in terms of their theories’ temporal presuppositions. While most responses to Simmel’s work credit him for his major contributions to the sociology of space, in this paper I aim to systematically reconstruct his explicit and implicit temporal assumptions and explore how these inform some of his social-theoretical writings and his sharp temporal diagnosis of modernity. For this purpose, I re-evaluate some of his central works using a theory distinction between social-theory, which aims to answer what constitutes the social, versus theory-of-society, where the key focus is what form or forms human societies have taken so far, and especially what form modern society takes. By offering a new reading of Simmel’s philosophical and sociological writings, I formulate a comprehensive social theory of time, in which time is both located within individual consciousness and reciprocally mediated by a culturally fixed and supra-individual timeframe, thus highlighting the temporal tensions between individual flexibility and social standardization and coordination. Simmel’s diagnosis of modernity reveals a conceptualization of time in spatialized terms, a monetization of time, and an acceleration of life.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 188
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  23,3, Seiten 378-388
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (11 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23,3, Seiten 378-388
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Alienation ; capitalism ; conditions ; critique ; labour ; social work ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: From a sociological perspective, this paper attempts to contribute to the discussion on work and democracy led by Axel Honneth. Through Honneth’s analyses, this text focuses particularly on the concept of alienation. The central argument is that the analysis of alienation can provide critical insights into the limitations of democratic practices within contemporary organizations of work. The paper draws on empirical and theoretical debates in sociology to demonstrate the concept of alienation as a lens for analysing the complex relationships between labour and democracy.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 189
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  58,1, Seiten 23-42
    ISSN: 1012-6902 , 1012-6902
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (20 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : SAGE Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 58,1, Seiten 23-42
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Racist stacking is a phenomenon in team sports in which Black players are underrepresented in tactical and leading positions, while they are overrepresented in decentralized and physical positions. In this article, we propose that racist stacking is a type of institutional racism characterized by racist ascriptions incorporated in the daily routines of sport institutions. We explored whether racist stacking happens in soccer in Germany based on these assumptions. The results of an examination of the 36 teams in the male divisions of the first and second Bundesliga in the 2020/2021 season are presented in this article. We discovered patterns in our data that support a theory of racist stacking. White players are more likely to play positions associated with leadership, oversight, responsibility, intelligence, and organization, whereas Black players are more likely to play positions associated with aggressiveness, speed, and instinct. We conclude that, contrary to popular belief, professional sports do not just rely on the competitiveness principle. Instead, some decisions appear to be made on the basis of racist attributions, whether purposefully or accidentally.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 190
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 12,2
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: media ; critical discourse analysis ; corpus linguistics ; racism ; crime ; immigrants ; Germany ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In the last decade’s media discourse, particular Arab immigrant groups received the name ‘Arab clans’ and have been portrayed as criminal kinship networks irrespective of actual involvement in crime. We question how ‘Arab clans’ are categorized, criminalized, and racialized in the German media. To answer this question, we collected clan-related mainstream media articles published between 2010 and 2020. Our first-step quantitative topic modeling of ‘clan’ coverage (n = 23,893) shows that the discourse about ‘Arab clans’ is situated as the most racialized and criminalized vis-à-vis other ‘clan’ discourses and is channeled through three macro topics: law and order, family and kinship, and criminal groupness. Second, to explore the deeper meaning of the discourse about ‘Arab clans’ by juxtaposing corpus linguistics and novel narrative approaches to the discourse-historical approach, we qualitatively analyzed 97 text passages extracted with the keywords in context search (KWIC). Our analysis reveals three prevalent argumentative strategies (Arab clan immigration out of control, Arab clans as enclaves, policing Arab clans) embedded in a media narrative of ethnonational rebirth: a story of Germany’s present-day need (‘moral panic’) to police and repel the threats associated with ‘the Arab clan Other’ in order for a celebratory return to a nostalgically idealized pre-Arab-immigration social/moral order.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: The article processing charge was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – 491192747 and the Open Access Publication Fund of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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  • 191
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (301 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2022
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Inklusive Ausbildung ; Partizipation ; Teilhabe ; Förderschwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung ; Übergang Schule-Beruf ; Inklusive Beschulung ; WfbM ; Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben ; Subjektperspektive ; Berufswünsche ; System der beruflichen Rehabilitation ; Participation ; Transition from school to work ; Inclusive education ; Sheltered workshop for people with disabilities ; Participation in working life ; Subject perspective ; Career aspirations ; System of vocational rehabilitation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Die Wege von ehemaligen Förderschüler*innen nach der Schule in Ausbildung, Arbeit oder Übergangsmaßnahmen können mit Hilfe der bestehenden Statistiken nur vage nachvollzogen werden. Die subjektive Sichtweise der Förderschüler*innen wird dabei zudem sehr selten erfasst. Besonders bei dem Förderschwerpunkt (FS) Geistige Entwicklung (GE) sind (strukturelle) Benachteiligungen deutlich zu erkennen. So werden die Schüler*innen dieses Förderschwerpunktes fast ausschließlich an der Förderschule beschult. Das Forschungsdesign der Dissertation ist eine explorative Längsschnittstudie mit Fokus auf die Entstehung und Umsetzung des Berufswunsches bei acht Schüler*innen des FS GE. Innerhalb dieses Lebensabschnittes werden die Partizipationsmöglichkeiten und Barrieren aus Sicht der Schüler*innen eruiert. Als theoretisch-konzeptionelle Grundlage dient der Begriff der Partizipation. Der inflationär verwendete und dennoch unscharf definierte Partizipationsbegriff wird sowohl politisch in unterschiedlichen Diskursen, als auch im Bereich der Behindertenhilfe rege diskutiert. Besonders eine Abgrenzung zu dem Begriff der Teilhabe findet sich jedoch eher selten. In der Dissertation wird eine Schärfung des Begriffs Partizipation vorgenommen. Die Studie konnte zeigen, dass Partizipationsmöglichkeiten der Schüler*innen des FS GE in dem Übergang Schule-Beruf nur in einem geringen Umfang und in einem begrenzten Handlungsrahmen möglich sind. Das Lehrpersonal, die Reha-Berater*innen der Agentur für Arbeit, sowie die Eltern haben einen großen Einfluss auf den Berufswunsch der Förderschüler*innen und die Umsetzung dessen. Alternative Ausbildungs- und Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten, wie z.B. Unterstützte Beschäftigung, Fachpraktikerausbildung usw. wurden von den Schüler*innen nicht thematisiert. Des Weiteren konnten die teilweise engen Kooperationen der Schulen zu den Werkstätten für behinderte Menschen aufgezeigt werden, sowie eine fehlende langfristige Begleitung von unabhängigen Berufsberater*innen.
    Abstract: The paths of former special needs students after school into training, work or vocational education can only be very vaguely traced with the help of the existing statistics. The subjective point of view of the special needs students is only rarely recorded. Structural disadvantages are particularly evident at students with special needs related to intellectual development. Students with special needs related to intellectual development are almost exclusively taught at special schools. The research design of the dissertation is an exploratory longitudinal study. The research question was how the career aspirations were developed, of eight special needs students related to intellectual development, and how they can implement them. In the dissertation, the concept of participation was chosen as the theoretical and conceptual basis. The concept of participation, which is used excessively and is still vaguely defined, is the subject of lively debate both politically in various discourses and in the work with people with disabilities. However, a distinction from the concept of participation is rare. In the dissertation, an urgently needed differentiation of the definition of the concept of participation took place. The study was able to show that the participation opportunities for students in the transition from school to work are only possible to a small extent and within a limited, usually predeter-mined, framework for action. In the case of the special needs students, it can be seen that the teaching staff, the rehabilitation consultants from the employment agency and the parents have a major influence on the career choice of the special needs students. Existing support options, such as supported employment, etc. were not discussed by the students. Furthermore, the sometimes close cooperation between the schools and the sheltered workshop for people with disabilities could be shown, as well as a lack of long-term support from independent careers advisers.
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  • 192
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Angaben zur Quelle: 75,1, Seiten 37-61
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Nachbarschaft ; Wohnumfeld ; Segregation ; Schulkontext ; Bildungsungleichheit ; Neighborhood ; Residential environment ; Segregation ; School context ; Educational inequality ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Bildung und Erziehung
    Abstract: Ob Merkmale der nachbarschaftlichen Wohnumgebung den schulischen Bildungserfolg beeinflussen, wurde in Deutschland bislang kaum untersucht. Epidemische Theorieansätze lassen erwarten, dass Effekte der Wohnumgebung nicht linear sind, sondern erst ab bestimmten Schwellenwerten auftreten. Der Artikel untersucht den Beitrag der Sozialstruktur der Wohnumgebung zur statistischen Erklärung schulischer Kompetenzen. Dabei wird im Gegensatz zu bereits vorliegenden Arbeiten die Konfundierung von Nachbarschaftsmerkmalen mit individuellen, familiären und schulischen Merkmalen berücksichtigt. Als Datengrundlage dienen die querschnittlichen IQB-Bildungstrendstudien 2015 (N = 1467, 9. Klassenstufe) und 2016 (N = 1546, 4. Klassenstufe), die an sozialräumliche Daten des Statistischen Landesamts Bremen gekoppelt werden. Mehrebenenmodelle weisen auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen der sozialen Zusammensetzung der Nachbarschaft und den schulischen Kompetenzen von Heranwachsenden hin, der weitgehend auf die Konfundierung mit individuellen, familiären und schulischen Merkmalen zurückgeführt werden kann. Die Zusammenhänge sind linear und die Effektstärken fallen für beide Jahrgangsstufen ähnlich klein aus. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Blick auf die Folgen sozialräumlicher Segregation für Bildungsungleichheit diskutiert.
    Abstract: Only a few studies have examined the possible effects of neighborhood characteristics on educational success in Germany. According to epidemic theories, neighborhood effects are nonlinear and occur only when certain thresholds are met. We investigated the effects of socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics on students’ academic achievement while considering possible confounding effects of individual and family characteristics as well as the school composition. The data basis came from the cross-sectional IQB Trends in Student Achievement studies in 2015 (N = 1467, 9th grade) and 2016 (N = 1546, 4th grade) merged with sociospatial data from the Bremen State Office of Statistics. Findings from cross-classified multilevel models reveal that neighborhood characteristics are associated with academic achievement. These associations are mainly attributed to the confounding effects of individual, family, and school characteristics. We find no evidence for nonlinear effects or differences in neighborhood effects between the two age groups. The study’s findings contribute to the discourse on the consequences of sociospatial segregation for educational inequality.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 193
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  11,2, Seiten 255-275
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Cham : Springer Internat. Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 11,2, Seiten 255-275
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Auctions ; Tacit collusion ; Espionage ; Second-mover advantage ; Signaling ; Incomplete information ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: We analyze Stackelberg leadership in a first-price auction. Leadership is induced by an information system, represented by a spy, that leaks one bidder’s bid before others choose their bids. However, the leader may secretly revise his bid with some probability; therefore, the leaked bid is only an imperfect signal. Whereas leadership with perfect commitment exclusively benefits the follower, imperfect commitment yields a collusive outcome, even if the likelihood that the leader may revise his bid is arbitrarily small. This collusive impact shows up in all equilibria and is strongest in the unique pooling equilibrium which is also payoff dominant.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 194
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Wiesbaden : Springer VS
    Angaben zur Quelle: 75,2, Seiten 117-142
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Polarisierung ; SOEP ; Migration ; Diversität ; Sozialpolitische Einstellungen ; Polarisation ; GSOEP ; Migration ; Diversity ; Social policy attitudes ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In zeitdiagnostischen Arbeiten wird häufig vermutet, dass sich kosmopolitische Einstellungskomplexe in oberen sozialen Lagen finden, wohingegen untere soziale Lagen durch kommunitaristische Werthaltungen gekennzeichnet sind. Dieser Beitrag nimmt die Armutspopulation als unterstes Segment des sozialen Stratifikationsgefüges in den Blick, um am Testfall dieser Gruppe Einstellungen zu verschiedenen sozialen Ungleichheiten zu untersuchen. Drei gesellschaftlich umstrittene Felder sozialer Ungleichheit, nämlich sexuelle Diversität, Migration und soziale Sicherung, werden in einen Analysezusammenhang integriert. Mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) kann gezeigt werden, dass Menschen in Armut gegenüber Homosexuellen oder transgender Personen nicht skeptischer eingestellt sind als nichtarme Personen. Dagegen lehnen Menschen mit Armutserfahrung Migrationsbewegungen eher ab. Die Migrationsskepsis unter Personen in langanhaltender und intensiver Armut ist größer als bei Menschen mit diskontinuierlichen Armutsverläufen. Im Feld der sozialen Sicherung bevorzugen Personen mit Armutserfahrung staatliche Sicherungsmaßnahmen gegenüber privater Absicherung. Der Testfall der Armen zeigt, dass man nicht pauschal von Einstellungskomplexen in einzelnen sozialen Lagen ausgehen kann, vielmehr müssen Einstellungsfelder differenziert betrachtet werden.
    Abstract: In contemporary social theory, it is often assumed that cosmopolitan attitudinal complexes are found in upper social strata, whereas lower social strata are characterized by communitarian values. This article focuses on the poor as the lowest segment of the social stratification structure in order to examine attitudes toward various social inequalities, using this group as a test case. Three socially controversial fields of social inequality, namely sexual diversity, migration, and social security, are integrated into an analytical context. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), it is shown that people in poverty are no more skeptical about homosexuals or transgender persons than nonpoor people are. However, people experiencing poverty are more likely to oppose migration movements. Skepticism about migration is greater among people in long-term and intense poverty than among people with discontinuous poverty histories. In the field of social security provision, people with experience of poverty prefer state security measures over private security. The test case of the poor shows that it is not possible to make general assumptions about attitudinal complexes in certain social positions; rather, attitude fields must be considered in a differentiated manner.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 195
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  33,1, Seiten 25-47
    ISSN: 0961-463X , 0961-463X
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London [u.a.] : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 33,1, Seiten 25-47
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: infrastructure ; planning ; delivery democracy dilemma ; project management ; Alfred Gell ; A- & B-series ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This paper shows how different properties of time and their ethical implications are reflected in the framing of debates around planning and the perceived problem of delay in the delivery of infrastructure. We examine the way in which plans can take the form of ‘time maps’ that are linear projections of a series of events. This can lead to assumptions that desired futures can only be achieved if the actions that constitute events are performed correctly often coupled with a moral imperative to such performances. It also reflects an orientation towards a more closed view of time that emphasises the significance of ordering such events within a series. This contrasts with a second, more open conception that emphasises the changing, flowing experience of time. Alfred Gell describes these interconnected perspectives as the A- and B-series qualities of time both of which are thick with ethical entanglements. Thus, we use these to set out a framework that applies deontological and consequentialist ethics to the A- and B-series and the tension between delivery and deliberation that exists in infrastructure planning policy to show how different perspectives on time raise different ethical questions.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 196
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  39,7-8, Seiten 287-305
    ISSN: 0263-2764 , 0263-2764
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (19 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage Publ.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 39,7-8, Seiten 287-305
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: critical analysis of the present ; modernity ; Andreas Reckwitz ; structural transformation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This interview addresses Andreas Reckwitz’s main work, A Society of Singularities, but puts it in relation to his earlier and later writings. It starts with the strong and broad reception of this work in Germany. Next, it turns to how his understanding of the transformation of the social logics of modernity is related to other sociological understandings. In this way, the crucial distinctions of his work between the general and the particular, between formal rationalisation and culturalisation, are thematised. The next part addresses Reckwitz’s Foucault-inspired concept of critique and his understanding of the relation between theoretical and empirical work. The interview then goes on to the transformation of class structure, which is understood in terms of a culturalisation of inequality. The interview ends with a section about the kind of sufferings and problems that are typical of the present age, and how they might affect social transformation.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    Note: This publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible.
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  • 197
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Basel : MDPI
    Angaben zur Quelle: 14,8
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: religion ; development ; diaconal studies ; diaconia ; ecumenical diaconia ; social work ; transdisciplinarity ; faith-based organisations ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In this article, I argue that the research field of religion and development and diaconal studies, the study of Christian social practice, share a common subject of inquiry: the social impact of religion. The field of religion and development investigates this mainly with a focus on the Global South and within the discursive framework of the concept of development, while diaconal studies has thus far taken a Christian perspective and a historic focus on the Global North. Recent paradigm shifts in the development discourse (post-development critique, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a global framework, critique of the secularist approach) put the field of religion and development under pressure to broaden its scope. Moreover, there is no clear lead discipline in the religion and development debate yet, raising questions about its disciplinary location in academic institutions and curricula. The field of diaconal studies is challenged by increasing religious pluralism and under pressure to consider perspectives from the Global South. Impulses from the recent advances in the conceptualisation of ecumenical diaconia as a new paradigm of Christian social service push the field to move beyond its historic focus on assistance and care. The aim of this article is to juxtapose these two fields of academic study and to bring them into mutual dialogue. The article reflects on both fields and their respective advantages and disadvantages and highlights areas of overlap. It goes on to propose a broadened discipline of diaconal studies, reshaped as the Study of Religious Social Practice, as a new academic field. The focus of this field would be the impact of religion on society in global perspective, across religious traditions and geographic contexts.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 198
    ISSN: 1750-6980 , 1750-6980
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: London : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16,5, Seiten 1173-1188
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Armenian Genocide ; gender ; generations ; postmemory ; transmission of memory ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: In this paper, we discuss what role gender plays in remembering, transmitting, and reframing memories of the Armenian Genocide in order to address the question of how young Armenian women negotiate their roles in this process. Centering the societal roles of memory transmission, we employ the specific sociological lens of gender to analyze 26 interviews conducted in Beirut during the week of the official commemorations of the Armenian Genocide in 2016. We define gender as the social construction of a stylized repetition of acts that reflect power relations. Accordingly, the examination of these power relations is necessary not only to understand the experiences and testimonies of men and women, but also the transmission of memory. While understanding Armenian youth as agents of the collective memory, gender allows us to discuss different patterns of remembrance and transmission. We therefore argue that gender influences how individuals remember the Armenian Genocide, as it underpins the (historically) assigned roles of memory and transmission.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 199
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  115,2, Seiten 206-220
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 115,2, Seiten 206-220
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Moral geography ; mothering ; parents ; urban education ; Berlin ; qualitative interviews ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Following Bourdieu, residential location as habitat may provide spatial profit when it matches with a habitus – but how? How can we conceptualize situations of mismatch between habitat and habitus, and what may they mean for urban inequalities? This article explores this topic through the lens of mothering practices in elementary schools. Qualitative interviews in two neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany, suggest how moral geographies at intersections of class and race/ethnicity structure parents' opportunities to organize resources for children in their specific spatial contexts. It argues that mothering practices can help us see not just that, but how habitus and habitat are related. Empirically, it suggests that the moral geographies in which these schools are embedded reinforce the exclusionary consequences of their institutional practices. I theorize that the moral geographies of neighbourhoods as sites of mothering practices vis-à-vis the class-based state logics in institutions may contribute to an urban impasse of educational inequality.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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  • 200
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (9 Seiten)
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Angaben zur Quelle: 32,2, Seiten 285-293
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: survey experiments ; utility theory ; structural modeling ; conjoint analysis ; preferences ; Sozialwissenschaften ; Politikwissenschaft (Politik und Regierung)
    Abstract: Survey experiments are an important tool to measure policy preferences. Researchers often rely on the random assignment of policy attribute levels to estimate different types of average marginal effects. Yet, researchers are often interested in how respondents trade-off different policy dimensions. We use a conjoint experiment administered to more than 10,000 respondents in Germany, to study preferences over personal freedoms and public welfare during the COVID-19 crisis. Using a pre-registered structural model, we estimate policy ideal points and indifference curves to assess the conditions under which citizens are willing to sacrifice freedoms in the interest of public well-being. We document broad willingness to accept restrictions on rights alongside sharp heterogeneity with respect to vaccination status. The majority of citizens are vaccinated and strongly support limitations on freedoms in response to extreme conditions—especially, when they vaccinated themselves are exempted from these limitations. The unvaccinated minority prefers no restrictions on freedoms regardless of the severity of the pandemic. These policy packages also matter for reported trust in government, in opposite ways for vaccinated and unvaccinated citizens.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
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