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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Journal of marriage and family 83,2020,1, Seiten 228-242
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (15 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of marriage and family
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 83,2020,1, Seiten 228-242
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: divorce ; economic well‐being ; gender ; inequalities ; separation ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Objective To document how changes in household wealth following the dissolution of marriage and cohabitation differ by gender in Germany. Background Marital property regimes usually prescribe that both partners receive a share of the couple's wealth following a divorce. The dissolution of cohabiting unions is not governed by marital property regimes in most countries, including Germany. Because men, on average, legally own a larger share of couple wealth than women, gender differences in household wealth might be more pronounced following the dissolution of cohabitation as compared to marriage. Method The analysis consists of individual fixed effects regression models using longitudinal data from the German socio-economic panel (N = 18,131 individuals) for the years 2002 to 2017. Results The dissolution of marriage is negatively related to the accumulation of wealth over time and effect sizes are similar for men and women. The dissolution of cohabiting unions is related to losses in wealth for women but not for men. Models accounting for various postdissolution factors suggest that an unequal division of household wealth produces these gender differences after the dissolution of cohabitation. Conclusion Whereas the dissolution of marriage lowers household wealth for men and women alike, there are gender differences in how the dissolution of cohabiting unions affects the accumulation of wealth. Union dissolution therefore has the potential to contribute to gender inequality in household wealth.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  American sociological review 85,2020,6, Seiten 1084-1116
    ISSN: 0003-1224 , 0003-1224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (33 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: American sociological review
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 85,2020,6, Seiten 1084-1116
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: employment ; heteroscedasticity ; life course ; mixed-effects models ; social mobility ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: This study develops and applies a framework for analyzing variability in individuals’ occupational prestige trajectories and changes in average variability between birth cohorts. It extends previous literature focused on typical patterns of intragenerational mobility over the life course to more fully examine intracohort differentiation. Analyses are based on rich life course data for men and women in West Germany born between 1919 and 1979 from the German Life History Study and the German National Educational Panel Study (N = 16,854 individuals). Mixed-effects growth-curve models with heterogeneous variance components are applied. Results show that birth cohorts systematically differ in their variability; cohorts who entered the labor market in the late 1950s and 1960s and experienced mostly closed employment relations have exceptionally homogenous trajectories. Earlier and later cohorts, who experienced more open employment relations, are more heterogeneous in their trajectories. Cohorts with higher variability at labor market entry are characterized by persistently strong intracohort differentiation. Women’s variability within employment is similar to men’s but markedly increases once employment interruptions are considered.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW)
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1054
    DDC: 305.5
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  • 4
    ISBN: 978-3-658-04256-1
    Language: English
    Pages: xviii, 290 Seiten : , Diagramme.
    Series Statement: Life course research
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Dissertation note: Dissertation Universität Bremen 2012
    DDC: 300
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Sozialwissenschaften ; Social sciences ; Quality of Life ; Quality of Life / Research ; Demography ; Social Sciences ; Lebenslauf. ; Wohnungswechsel. ; Wohnstandard. ; Lebensqualität. ; Wohnungsmarkt. ; Arbeitsmarkt. ; Westdeutschland. ; England. ; Hochschulschrift ; Lebenslauf ; Wohnungswechsel ; Wohnstandard ; Lebensqualität ; Wohnungsmarkt ; Arbeitsmarkt
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  • 5
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  American sociological review 88,2023,2, Seiten 220-251
    ISSN: 0003-1224 , 0003-1224
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: American sociological review
    Publ. der Quelle: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage
    Angaben zur Quelle: 88,2023,2, Seiten 220-251
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: cultural change ; life course ; panel data ; attitudes ; mixed-effects models ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Prior literature finds stability in personal culture, such as attitudes and values, in individuals’ life courses using short-running panel data. This work has concluded that lasting change in personal culture is rare after formative early years. This conclusion conflicts with a growing body of evidence for changes in personal culture after significant life course transitions, drawing on long-running panel data. To integrate these conflicting findings, the current study develops and applies a life course adaption model of personal culture, accounting for early imprinting and the continued possibility for change. Drawing on rich data from six long-running panel studies from five countries (BHPS, HILDA, PSID, SHP, SOEP, UKHLS) and 428 measures of personal culture, I test the theoretical expectations using mixed-effects modeling and an individual participant data meta-analysis. Results support the life course adaption model. Although lasting, non-transitory, within-individual changes in personal culture are relatively small compared to stable between-individual differences, I find strong support for the proposition that individuals change persistently in their personal culture as they move through the life course. These changes are partly dependent on prior biographical experiences. Finally, personal culture fluctuates substantially from year to year. Change in personal culture is increasingly varied for younger birth cohorts.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 7
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 35 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: SOEP survey papers 1071 (2021)
    Series Statement: Series B, Survey reports (Methodenberichte)
    DDC: 305
    Keywords: Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit ; Fragebogenentwicklung ; Pretest ; SOEP ; SOEP-IS
    Abstract: Im Rahmen eines einjährigen Entwicklungsprozesses wurde das Fragebogenmodul "Einstellungen zu sozialer Ungleichheit" unter der Leitung der Infrastruktureinrichtung SOEP entwickelt und in der 38. Welle der Haupterhebung des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels erstmalig erhoben. Das finale Fragebogenmodul umfasst 43 Items zu den Themenbereichen Soziale Vergleiche, Soziale Mobilität, Sozialstaat und Nicht-materielle Ungleichheit. In der Tradition des SOEP als forschungsbasierte Infrastruktureinrichtung erfolgte die Fragebogenentwicklung in enger Zusammenarbeit mit externen Forschenden aus dem Bereich der Einstellungs- und Ungleichheitsforschung. Neben der etablierten Nutzung des SOEP Innovation Samples (SOEP-IS) für quantitative Pretests neu entwickelter Fragen kam erstmals ein kognitiver Pretest zum Einsatz. Der vorliegende Bericht dokumentiert den Entwicklungsprozess von der Konzeption bis zum finalen Fragebogen.
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    In:  Journal of marriage and family 83,2020,2, Seiten 516-533
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (18 Seiten)
    Titel der Quelle: Journal of marriage and family
    Publ. der Quelle: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angaben zur Quelle: 83,2020,2, Seiten 516-533
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: family dynamics ; family economics ; family resource management ; gender ; inequalities ; marriage ; Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie
    Abstract: Objective This study examines fairness perceptions of experimentally manipulated savings arrangements in couples (i.e., distribution of control and ownership of savings) to identify distributive justice principles in marriage. Background Theoretically, competing norms about individual ownership rights and autonomy (equity principle) and marital sharing (equality principle) in interaction with gender ideology (entitlement principle) may explain how individuals perceive the fairness of different savings arrangements, but these explanations have not been tested against each other yet. Method In a nationally representative factorial survey experiment, implemented in the German GESIS Panel, 3,948 respondents evaluated the fairness of randomly presented savings arrangements (N = 19,648 evaluations). Results Respondents rated equal control as more important than equal ownership to establish fairness in marriage. The ownership of savings does not seem to be directly linked to control, providing evidence against the equity principle. Inequality in ownership is rated fairer if it is in favor of the husband, whereas inequality in control is rated fairer if it is in favor of the wife. This suggests that gender is an ascriptive characteristic according to which resources should be allocated (entitlement principle). Conclusion The results indicate that the ideal of marital sharing is widespread, but is rather accomplished by equal control than by equal ownership. Individuals' fairness perceptions of inequality in marriage are gendered, that is, depend on whom inequality favors.
    Abstract: Peer Reviewed
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 9
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Dissertation note: Masterarbeit Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2023
    DDC: 306.874
    Keywords: Familienpolitik ; Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf ; Mutter ; Elternzeit ; Berufstätigkeit ; Berufslaufbahn ; Deutschland ; Hochschulschrift
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  • 10
    Language: German
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (86 Seiten)
    Dissertation note: Masterarbeit Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 2023
    DDC: 300
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift ; Elternzeit ; BEEG ; Geschlechtergleichstellung ; Bildungsungleichheiten ; Sequenzanalyse ; Masterarbeit ; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin ; Sozialwissenschaften ; parental leave ; gender equality ; educational inequalities ; sequence analysis ; social sciences ; Masterthesis ; Humboldt University Berlin ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: Mit der Einführung des Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz (BEEG) im Jahr 2007 wurde der Familienpolitik in Deutschland ein Paradigmenwechsel bescheinigt, da erstmals Individuen an die Stelle von Familien in den Fokus der Unterstützungsmaßnahmen rückten. Aus der Familienforschung liegen bereits einhellige Befunde vor. Zwar kann das BEEG zur Förderung der Geschlechtergleichstellung beitragen, doch seine einkommensabhängige Ausgestaltung verträgt sich eher weniger mit den Voraussetzungen einer sozialen Gerechtigkeit. Die hier vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit zwei zentralen Forschungsfragen. Zum einen soll mithilfe der Multichannel Sequence Analysis (MCSA) untersucht werden, ob sich werdende Mütter in ihren drei Jahre lang beobachteten Erwerbsverläufen mehr, weniger oder gleichermaßen den Erwerbsverläufen ihrer Partner annähern. Zum anderen wird die Hypothese überprüft, ob bei Müttern eine höhere Bildung mit einer privilegierten BEEG-Wirksamkeit einhergeht. Für diesen zweiten Forschungsaspekt der Arbeit wird die Methode der multi-nomialen logistischen Regression herangezogen. Um beide Fragestellungen bearbeiten zu können, werden die Längsschnittdaten des Soziookonomischen Panels (SOEP) genutzt und in zwei Zeitepochen (1990–2006; 2007–2018) unterteilt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zunehmend heterogene Frauenerwerbsverläufe. Rückläufigen Berufsausstiegs- und Hausfrauenmuster sowie die deutlich vermehrte Übergänge in Teilzeitbeschäftigungen erfahren Frauen nahezu exklusiv. Dabei erhöht ein hohes bis mittleres Bildungsniveau die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer zeitigen und planbaren Erwerbsrückkehr. Damit kann dem BEEG einerseits zugestanden werden, die richtige Richtung in der Geschlechterangleichung vorzugeben. Andererseits gilt es, identifizierte Schwachstellen in der Sozialverträglichkeit des Gesetzes anzuerkennen und zugunsten von Müttern mit geringerer Bildung auszubessern.
    Abstract: The introduction of the Federal Parental Allowance and Parental Leave Act (Bundeselterngeld- und Elternzeitgesetz, BEEG) in 2007 marked a paradigm shift in family policy in Germany, as for the first time individuals took the place of families as the focus of support policies. There are already consistent findings from family research. Although the BEEG can contribute to the promotion of gender equality, its income-dependent design is rather less compatible with the requirements of social justice. This paper addresses two central research questions. First, it uses multichannel sequence analysis to investigate whether mothers-to-be converge more, less, or equally to their partners' employment trajectories in their three-year observed employment trajectories. Second, the hypothesis is tested whether mothers with higher education experience a privileged BEEG effectiveness. For this second research aspect of the paper, the method of multinomial logistic regression is used. To address both questions, lon-gitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) are used and divided into two time epochs (1990-2006; 2007-2018). The results show increasingly heterogeneous female employment trajectories. Declining career exit and housewife patterns, as well as significant-ly increased transitions to part-time employment, are experienced almost exclusively by women. At the same time, a high to medium level of education increases the probability of a prompt and predictable return to the labor force. Thus, on the one hand, the BEEG can be credited with setting the right direction in gender equalization. On the other hand, it is important to recognize identified weaknesses in the social compatibility of the law and to remedy them in favor of mothers with lower levels of education.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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