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  • 2005-2009  (767)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2007  (767)
  • Paris : OECD Publishing  (767)
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  • 2005-2009  (767)
  • 1950-1954
Year
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Keywords
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 224 : Détermination de l'inhibition de l'activité des bactéries anaérobies : Réduction de la production de gaz par une boue (d'eaux usées) à digestion anaérobie (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067349
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (20 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 2
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 224; Determination of the Inhibition of the Activity of Anaerobic Bacteria; Reduction of Gas Production from Anaerobically Digesting (sewage) Sludge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 224: Determination of the Inhibition of the Activity of Anaerobic Bacteria: Reduction of Gas Production from Anaerobically Digesting (sewage) Sludge
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Cette Ligne directrice décrit une méthode, qui fournit des informations utiles pour prédire l'effet probable d'une substance d'essai sur la production de gaz dans des digesteurs anaérobies. Des fractions aliquotes d'un mélange de boue à digestion anaérobie (20 g/l à 40 g/l de matières solides totales) et d’une solution de substrat dégradable sont incubées seules, et, simultanément, avec une gamme des concentrations de la substance d'essai, dans des récipients scellés, pendant une période pouvant atteindre trois jours. Au moins trois réplicats sont utilisées pour chaque gamme de concentration. Cette étude inclut la mesure de la pression (indication de la quantité de gaz) et du pH. Le pourcentage d'inhibition de la production de gaz, provoqué par les diverses concentrations de la substance d'essai, est calculé à partir des quantités produites dans les flacons d'essai et témoins (avec du 3,5-dichlorophénol). La CE50 et d’autres concentrations efficaces sont calculées à partir des courbes du pourcentage d’inhibition en fonction de la concentration des produits chimiques d’essai, ou, le plus souvent, de son logarithme.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067349-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Manuel d'application pour la gestion écologique des déchets (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042056
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Guidance Manual on Environmentally Sound Management of Waste
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Après avoir adopté en 2004 la Recommandation C(2004)100 sur la gestion écologique des déchets, les pays membres de l’OCDE ont souhaité étayer la mise en œuvre de cet acte juridique par l’élaboration d’un manuel d’application pratique. Le présent ouvrage est destiné à faciliter la mise en œuvre d’une politique de gestion écologique des déchets par les gouvernements d’une part, et par les installations de traitement de déchets d’autre part. Il développe chaque élément de la Recommandation C(2004)100 ainsi que les différents critères de performance définissant une gestion écologique des déchets à l’aide d’informations de tout ordre (technique, financier, réglementaire). Des pratiques de gestion écologique des déchets en vigueur dans certains pays membres sont également présentées à titre d’illustration.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042056-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanisms for Managing Public Environmental Expenditure in Selected OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264018440
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: This report analyses selected public expenditure programmes supporting environmental investments in water supply and wastewater treatment infrastructure in four OECD countries: Austria, Belgium (the Region of Flanders), France and Germany. These programmes have been selected as they involve different approaches to managing public expenditure for water investments. The study focuses on mechanisms for managing government assistance at both national (Austria) and sub-national (Belgium, France, Germany) levels. In selecting the case studies, special attention has been given to the relevance of the expenditure programmes in their national environment and economic policy regimes as well as the potential for replication of good practices in transition economies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264018440-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Política Agropecuaria y Pesquera en México : Logros Recientes, Continuación de las Reformas (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264030275
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (360 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Mexico; Recent Achievements, Continuing the Reform Agenda
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Agricultural and Fisheries Policies in Mexico: Recent Achievements, Continuing the Reform Agenda
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food ; Mexico
    Abstract: Este reporte analiza los efectos de las ambiciosas reformas en México a las políticas de agrícultura y pesca desde 1990, y realiza recomendaciones para futuras reformas. La evaluación se basa en los criterios para las políticas más apropiadas de agrícultura y pesca adoptadas por los países de la OCDE. Tales criterios, de ser implementados, apoyarían sectores de la economía que contribuyen a la economía, respetarían los recursos naturales y utilizarían insumos de manera eficiente sin recurrir a subsidios distorsionantes.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264030275-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding : = Principes et lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour l'accès aux données de la recherche financée sur fonds publics (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264034020
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: These Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding (hereafter the “Principles and Guidelines”) provide broad policy recommendations to the governmental science policy and funding bodies of member countries on access to research data from public funding. They are intended to promote data access and sharing among researchers, research institutions, and national research agencies, while at the same time, recognising and taking into account, the various national laws, research policies and organisational structures of member countries...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264034020-en-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Essai n 426 : Étude de neurotoxicité pour le développement (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264067400
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 p)
    Series Statement: Lignes directrices de l'OCDE pour les essais de produits chimiques, Section 4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 426; Developmental Neurotoxicity Study
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Test No. 426: Developmental Neurotoxicity Study
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Une étude de neurotoxicité pour le développement fournit des informations sur les effets de l'exposition répétée à une substance pendant le développement dans l'utérus, et la phase post-natale précoce. La substance d'essai est administrée quotidiennement, généralement oralement, aux femelles gestantes (les rates sont préférées) dès l'implantation (JG 6), pendant toute lactation (JAN 21). Au moins trois niveaux de dose et un groupe témoin parallèle devraient être employés et un total de 20 portées est recommandé à chaque niveau de dose. Les mères sont examinées pour évaluer des effets sur les femelles gestantes et allaitantes et peuvent également fournir des informations comparatives. La progéniture est choisie de façon aléatoire dans les portées pour l'évaluation de la neurotoxicité. Toutes les mères et toute la progéniture sont observés au moins une fois quotidiennement en ce qui concerne leur état de santé, y compris la morbidité et la mortalité. L'évaluation comprend des observations pour détecter des anomalies neurologiques et comportementales, l'évaluation du poids du cerveau et la neuropathologie pendant le développement postnatal et l'âge adulte. Le rapport inclut le poids corporel, la consommation de nourriture/ d'eau, les observations cliniques détaillées, les résultats d'autopsie, une description détaillée de tous les comportements, le nombre d'animaux au début et à la fin de l'étude, et les données, relatives à la réponse toxique, par sexe et niveau de dose.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264067400-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidance Manual on Environmentally Sound Management of Waste (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264042049
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Manuel d'application pour la gestion écologique des déchets
    Keywords: Environment
    Abstract: Following the adoption of Council Recommendation C(2004)100 in 2004 on Environmentally Sound Management of Waste, member countries wished to reinforce the implementation of this legal Act by issuing a practical Guidance Manual. This publication aims at facilitating the implementation of an environmentally sound waste management policy by governments on one hand, and by waste treatment facilities on the other hand. Every element of the Recommendation C(2004)100 is explained in detail, as well as the different core performance criteria which characterise environmentally sound management of waste, through various types of information (such as technical, financial, regulatory). Waste management practices applied in certain member countries are presented as examples...
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264042049-en
    URL: Volltext
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD-FAO Perspectivas agricolas 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035409
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (248 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2007
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035409-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur le Japon 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031630
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Japan 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Japan 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031630-fr
    URL: Volltext
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estudios Territoriales de la OCDE: La Región Mesoamericana 2006 : Sureste de México y América Central (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264024380
    Language: Spanish
    Pages: Online-Ressource (220 p)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. OECD Territorial Reviews; The Mesoamerican Region 2006; Southeastern Mexico and Central America
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg.: OECD Territorial Reviews: The Mesoamerican Region 2006; Southeastern Mexico and Central America
    Keywords: Governance ; Urban, Rural and Regional Development ; Mexico
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264024380-es
    URL: Volltext
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Academic Values, Institutional Management and Public Policies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-12
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Valeurs universitaires, gestion des établissements et politiques publiques
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-12
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The impacts of market-related policies and revenues on higher education are not uniform but globalisation has opened most institutions to new pressures. The public funding models developed 50 years ago underestimated the full cost of mass higher education as an entitlement while the sheer scale of resources needed to sustain a comprehensive research university demand a more nuanced balance of research and teaching for most institutions. These same pressures threaten equitable access if rising tuition fees are not fully matched by adequate need-based financial aid while in the absence of tuition pressures, unfunded increases in student participation undermines the quality of higher education. In this environment, justifications of increased funding are often based on utilitarian goals affecting the motives of research and scholarship and distorting the balance of curricular developments. In contrast, the increased range of revenue streams has created opportunities for more creative and less regulated institutional priorities. The potential impacts of private interests on higher education are well recognised but a politically vulnerable and often singular dependency on state funding is also capable of deflecting academic values. As institutions of higher education clarify their values to cope with global pressures to provide mass higher education and to meet the needs of the knowledge economy, they must also serve as places of imagination, innovation, disputation, scepticism and questioning. Those values are also critical as leaders in higher education attempt to confront themselves with the changes that they themselves need to make to their institutions.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art8-en
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subsidies: The Distorted Economics of Biofuels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 66 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/03
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Governments have influenced the development of bioenergy, particularly liquid biofuels (ethanol, biodiesel and pure plant oil used as a fuel), for several decades. This paper discusses the economics of biofuels and provides an overview of current policy measures to support their production and consumption. It discusses also how the different policies supportive of biofuels interact with broader agricultural, energy, environmental and transport policies, and the relative effectiveness of biofuels in achieving objectives in these areas. The paper concludes with several recommendations on further research.
    DOI: 10.1787/235088686758
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring Multifactor Productivity Growth (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/05
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper quantifies and examines the contribution of capital, labour and multifactor productivity (MFP) to GDP growth and analyses the role of measurement of capital and labour inputs for the MFP estimate, using a comprehensive growth accounting exercise for 14 OECD countries. For most OECD countries, the strongest contributions to GDP growth over the past decade have come from growth in total capital input and MFP. This is to some extent related to an increasing role of information and telecommunication technologies in economic growth, particularly over the 1995-2003 period. The importance of measurement issues varies substantially with the type of measurement issue being considered. Substantial differences are observed between employment and hours worked based MFP growth rates. Also, the respective weights with which capital and labour enter the growth accounting equation, and thus, the assumptions concerning the efficiency of production and competition in product markets, significantly influence the resulting MFP estimate. Finally, the results suggest that policy conclusions on the basis of different empirical studies should be made very carefully, in particular as regards the time period for which the respective studies have been undertaken, as well as whether actual or trended time series are being considered.
    DOI: 10.1787/246367010342
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  • 14
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subsidy reform and sustainable development : political economy aspects; [proceedings of an OECD Workshop on Subsidy Reform and Sustainable Development: Political Economy Aspects held in Helsinki, Finland on 20 - 21 June 2006] (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264019375
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD sustainable development studies
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Subsidy reform and sustainable development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Subsidy reform and sustainable development
    RVK:
    AR 14300
    RVK:
    QD 020
    RVK:
    QL 300
    Keywords: Subvention ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264019379-en
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Financial Markets in Iceland (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.549
    Keywords: Economics ; Iceland
    Abstract: This paper discusses recent developments and policy issues relating to financial markets in Iceland. Overall, the sector is thriving, both relative to history and to conditions in other countries. This bodes well not only for those directly involved in the industry but for the country as a whole, as financial development is an important source of economic growth. Recently concerns have been expressed about the stability of the financial system; however the guarded assessment...
    DOI: 10.1787/213215274840
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Redéfinir la concurrence de manière constructive : Les enjeux de la privatisation, de la concurrence et d'une politique publique fondée sur le marché aux États-Unis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Redefining Competition Constructively: The Challenges of Privatisation, Competition and Market-based State Policy in the United States
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: Aux États-Unis, les relations entre le gouvernement des États et les colleges et universités publics sont en train d’être redéfinies à partir des notions nouvelles d’autonomie et de transparence et de politiques de financement fortement régies par le marché (souvent taxées de « privatisation »), qui en constituent la clef de voûte. Des situations et des stratégies institutionnelles encore impensables naguère se rencontrent de plus en plus fréquemment. Par exemple, quelques écoles de commerce et facultés de droit faisant partie intégrante d’établissements publics sont engagées sur la voie de la privatisation et prennent de ce fait leurs distances avec l’État et avec leur université d’origine. Si l’enseignement supérieur américain a toujours été concurrentiel et soumis aux forces du marché, les nouvelles politiques publiques néo-libérales, qui avantageront clairement certains types d’établissements par rapport à d’autres, intensifient encore cette concurrence, dont les effets se font diversement sentir au niveau des établissements et du secteur. Les activités entrepreneuriales ou commerciales apportent peut-être à un établissement les ressources supplémentaires dont il a besoin pour remplir sa fonction d’établissement public. Néanmoins, quand tous les établissements poursuivent les mêmes stratégies de concurrence, aucun n’y trouve plus son avantage. Les établissements tournent à un régime supérieur pour conserver la même place. L’effet cumulatif de la concurrence peut aussi aller à l’encontre de la réalisation d’importants objectifs sociaux, tels que l’abordabilité et l’accessibilité des établissements. Dans cet article, nous examinons les problèmes que pose l’environnement concurrentiel actuel aux responsables des établissements d’enseignement supérieur aux États-Unis. Nous reconnaissons que la concurrence ne faiblira pas et nous suggérons qu’en rivalisant autrement, en visant d’autres objectifs et en poursuivant d’autres buts, l’enseignement supérieur américain pourrait mieux remplir ses objectifs sociaux que sont l’élargissement de l’accès, la réduction des coûts et l’amélioration de la qualité.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art5-fr
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    OECD Codes of Liberalisation of Capital Movements and of Current Invisible Operations : User's Guide 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264035577
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 p.)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes ; Guide de référence 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Codes de l'OCDE de la libération des mouvements de capitaux et des opérations invisibles courantes : Guide de référence 2007
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD OECD codes of liberalisation of capital movements and of current invisible operations
    Keywords: Finanzmarktregulierung ; Dienstleistungshandel ; Deregulierung ; OECD-Staaten ; Finance and Investment ; OECD ; Internationale Kapitalbewegung ; Unternehmenskauf ; Unsichtbarer Handel ; Internationales Recht
    Abstract: OECD member countries have committed themselves to maintaining and expanding the freedom for international capital movements and current invisible operations under the legally binding OECD Codes of Liberalisation. This publication explains the content and structure of the OECD Codes and the way they are implemented to achieve progressive liberalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264035577-en
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  • 18
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109780
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (192 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; United Kingdom
    Abstract: The UK is facing a critical moment in its energy policy: North Sea oil and gas production is declining, dependence on imported energy is increasing, while rising energy prices and climate change considerations pose further challenges. Energy Policies of the United Kingdom 2006, the second thematic review of an IEA country, addresses these challenges, focusing on energy investment, energy efficiency and the return of nuclear power to the political agenda.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109780-en
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  • 19
    Online Resource
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    Energy Policies of IEA Countries: The Republic of Korea 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264109766
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (164 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: Energy Policies of IEA Countries
    Keywords: Energy ; Korea, Republic of
    Abstract: South Korea's energy sector has made great strides over the past three decades in terms of infrastructure and security. Though it has no links to nearby countries that would allow it to rely on electricity imports or piped natural gas, the country has rapidly electrified, built a diverse portfolio of electricity supply, developed a robust nuclear energy industry and become one of the pioneers in the liquefied natural gas trade. As the most recent member of the International Energy Agency (IEA), this progress is remarkable and its enhancement of its policy goals – adding economic efficiency and environmental sustainability to energy security – is commendable. Through analysis of its existing policies and comparisons with good examples in other IEA countries, this book provides critiques and recommendations for policy improvements.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264109766-en
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the safety case : design confirmation and demonstration; workshop proceedings Tokyo, Japan, 12-15 september 2006 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264040889
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the safety case: design confirmation and demonstration
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040885-en
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  • 21
    Online Resource
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    OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: South Africa 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264038240
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 p.)
    Series Statement: OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; South Africa
    Abstract: A comprehensive assessment of the innovation system of South Africa, focusing on the role of government, and providing concrete recommendations on how to improve policies which impact on innovation performance, including R&D policies. Post-apartheid South Africa has succeeded in swiftly opening its economy to international trade and capital flows, and in stabilising the economy while achieving reasonably good growth performance, mainly driven by productivity gains. However, important socio-economic problems persist, especially unemployment, poverty and the exclusion of a large fraction of the population from the formal economy. The country is now in the middle of two more specifically economic transitions: i) responding to globalisation and ii) transforming the structure of the economy away from its former heavy dependence on primary resource production and associated commodity-based industries. In this context, enhancing innovation capabilities is key to a sustained improvement of living standards based on productivity-driven growth. This review assesses the national innovation system of South Africa from this perspective, identifying areas and means for improvement with an emphasis on the role of public research organisations and policies.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038240-en
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    Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the safety case : the role of modelling; workshop proceedings La Coruna, Spain, 24-26 August 2005 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264008500
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Radioactive waste management
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Engineered barrier systems (EBS) in the safety case
    Keywords: Konferenzschrift ; Radioaktiver Abfall
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264008502-en
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  • 23
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    PISA 2006 : Science Competencies for Tomorrow's World: Volume 1: Analysis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264040014
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (390 p.) , ill.
    Series Statement: PISA
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006 ; Les compétences en sciences, un atout pour réussir ; Volume 1 Analyse des résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006; Naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen für die Welt von morgen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006 ; Competencias científicas para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006; Competências em ciências para o mundo de amanhã; Volume 1; Análise
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006 : Les compétences en sciences, un atout pour réussir : Volume 1 Analyse des résultats
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006: Naturwissenschaftliche Kompetenzen für die Welt von morgen
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006 : Competencias científicas para el mundo del mañana
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. PISA 2006: Competências em ciências para o mundo de amanhã: Volume 1: Análise
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als OECD. Programme for International Student Assessment PISA 2006, science competencies for tomorrow's world ; Vol. 1: Analysis
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World presents the results from the most recent Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey, which focused on science and also assessed mathematics and reading. It is divided into two volumes: the first offers an analysis of the results, the second contains the underlying data. Volume 1: Analysis gives the most comprehensive international picture of science learning today, exploring not only how well students perform, but also their interests in science and their awareness of the opportunities that scientific competencies bring as well as the environment that schools offer for science learning. It places the performance of students, schools and countries in the context of their social background and identifies important educational policies and practices that are associated with educational success. By showing that some countries succeed in providing both high quality education and equitable learning outcomes, PISA sets ambitious goals for others.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264040014-en
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  • 24
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    Qualifications systems : bridges to lifelong learning (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264013681 , 9264013687
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Education and training policy
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Qualifications systems
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Systèmes de certification
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Systèmes de certification : Des passerelles pour apprendre à tout âge
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems: Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Bulgarian version)
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sistemas de Cualificaciones : Puentes para el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Qualifications Systems: Bridges to Lifelong Learning (Korean version)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Qualifications systems
    RVK:
    DW 1000
    Keywords: Lebenslanges Lernen ; Bildungswesen ; OECD-Staaten ; OECD ; Bildungssystem ; Lebenslanges Lernen ; Qualifikation
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264013681-en
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  • 25
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    Tax effects on foreign direct investment : recent evidence and policy analysis (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9264038388
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: OECD Tax Policy Studies no.17
    Series Statement: SourceOECD
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. u.d.T. Tax effects on foreign direct investment
    Parallel Title: Franz. Ausg. u.d.T. Effets de la fiscalité sur linvestissement direct étranger
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Tax effects on foreign direct investment
    RVK:
    QL 612
    RVK:
    QM 355
    Keywords: Auslandsinvestition ; Steuerpolitik ; Steuerwirkung ; OECD-Staaten ; Direktinvestition ; Multinationales Unternehmen ; Steuer ; Steuerbelastung ; Unternehmenspolitik
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264038387-en
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  • 26
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    Table Grapes : = Raisins de table (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031302
    Language: Multiple languages
    Pages: Online-Ressource (100 p)
    Series Statement: International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: This publication presents illustrations and commentary designed to facilitate the common interpretation of standards in force regarding the quality, sizing, tolerances, presentation, and marking of table grapes by inspection authorities and professional bodies responsible for the application of standards relative to trade in this product.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031302-en-fr
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  • 27
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    Russian Manufacturing and the Threat of 'Dutch Disease' : A Comparison of Competitiveness Developments in Russian and Ukrainian Industry (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 59 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.540
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation ; Ukraine
    Abstract: This paper examines the development of Russian industry in comparison with that of Ukrainian industry during 1995–2004 in an effort to ascertain to what extent, if any, Russian manufacturing showed signs of succumbing to ‘Dutch disease’. Ukraine and Russia began the market transition with broadly similar institutions, industrial structures and levels of technology, and the economic reforms implemented in the two countries were also similar, although Ukraine was reckoned to lag behind Russia in many areas. The main difference between them is Russia’s far greater resource wealth. It follows that differences in industrial development since 1991 may to some degree be attributable to differences in initial natural resource endowments. In short, Ukraine could provide a rough approximation of how a resource-poor Russia might have developed over the transition.
    DOI: 10.1787/322823013852
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  • 28
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    Update on Financial Market Developments (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 23-33
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 16 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 23-33
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Triggered by sub-prime and Shanghai stock exchange volatility, major stock markets suffered a significant correction at the end of February. Markets have since recovered and European markets have over the past few weeks more than compensated these losses. While another downturn on the Shanghai exchange end of May led to some increases in volatility on major markets, they have so far not altered their course...
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2007-art2-en
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  • 29
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    Politics in Africa in 2006 : Fewer Bullets, More Ballots? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 3 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.45
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Afrique 2006 : après les armes, les urnes ..
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The long-term decline in political instability continued in 2006 and armed conflicts, though still widespread, have diminished. Multiparty elections have taken place in several African countries and progress towards participative democracy is encouraging. Progress in economic governance is still insufficient, with corruption continuing to hamper socio-economic development.
    DOI: 10.1787/243658517628
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  • 30
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    Fixed-Mobile Convergence : Market Developments and Policy Issues (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.127
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the evolution towards fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) and of some related regulatory and policy issues such as numbering and interconnection.
    DOI: 10.1787/231037284472
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  • 31
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    Telecommunications in Latin America : Can Multinationals Fill the Gaps? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Télécommunications en Amérique latine : les multinationales en renfort ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Foreign investment in telecommunications in Latin America has amounted to over $110 billion since 1990, more than for all other developing countries combined. Only one in four of the poorest Latin Americans has a telephone line; competitive markets and policies promoting access can help narrow the connectivity gap between rich and poor.
    DOI: 10.1787/243048133726
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  • 32
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    Télécommunications en Amérique latine : les multinationales en renfort ? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.52
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Telecommunications in Latin America: Can Multinationals Fill the Gaps?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: En Amérique latine, l’investissement étranger dans les télécommunications se chiffre à plus de 110 milliards de dollars depuis 1990. Seuls des marchés concurrentiels et des politiques favorisant l’accès aux télécommunications peuvent réduire l’écart de connectivité entre riches et pauvres.
    DOI: 10.1787/242812588053
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  • 33
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    Les universités entre l'État et le marché : Evolution des modes de gouvernance universitaire en Suède et ailleurs (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-21
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 21 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Universities, the State and the Market: Changing Patterns of University Governance in Sweden and Beyond
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-21
    Keywords: Education ; Sweden
    Abstract: Ce document analyse l’évolution des modèles de gouvernance universitaire due aux exigences accrues de la société, mais également à une pénétration massive de l’idéologie managériale dans toutes les formes d’institutions. La réflexion proposée utilise à cet effet un cadre théorique axé principalement sur deux mécanismes de gouvernance appliqués dans les systèmes sociaux, à savoir le contrôle de l’accès et le contrôle des performances. Ceux-ci relèvent d’un ensemble de facteurs d’homogénéisation plus vaste, que les nouveaux institutionnalistes appellent (1) forces coercitives, (2) forces normatives et (3) forces mimétiques. S’appuyant sur ce cadre théorique pour analyser l’évolution des universités suédoises, l’auteur conclut que leur gouvernance a subi de profondes mutations. Les forces coercitives, autrefois exercées via une gestion budgétaire détaillée, se sont manifestées ces dernières années par le biais de la représentation au sein des organes de direction et du choix des dirigeants universitaires. Cette transition s’est opérée au détriment des forces normatives. Parallèlement, les doctrines managériales modernes sont à l’origine de puissantes forces mimétiques.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art19-fr
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  • 34
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    Budgeting in Hungary (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 63 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-61
    Keywords: Governance ; Hungary
    Abstract: This review of the Hungarian budget process was carried out in May 2006. The review covers budget formulation, budget execution, parliamentary approval, accounting and auditing, and sub-national financing. Hungary has modernised its budget process over the last ten years, first as part of the pre-accession programme and then, since EU accession in 2004, in connection with the Convergence Programme 2005-08. Nevertheless, there remain some shortcomings which include the focus on the actual (non-cyclically adjusted) deficit, the focus on the budget year rather than the medium term, the lack of rules of budgetary discipline, and the lack of transparency concerning forecasts and outcomes. Hungary’s long-term growth record and general economic outlook are good, but institutional reform to correct these shortcomings is important for fiscal consolidation and macroeconomic stability.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v6-art14-en
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  • 35
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    Budgeting in Turkey (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 54 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 7-58
    Keywords: Governance ; Turkey
    Abstract: The Turkish budget process has three features which set it apart from other OECD countries: a centralised yet fragmented decision-making process; the IMF stand-by agreement as a de facto fiscal rule; and a very detailed line-item classification. This article analyses these features and makes suggestions for policy adjustment to improve effectiveness and efficiency. The article examines all stages of the budget process (preparation, parliamentary approval, execution, and accounting and auditing) and assesses Turkey’s recent rapid progress with reform. The article offers suggestions for next steps and new priorities for Turkey in the light of other OECD country experience.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v7-art8-en
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  • 36
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    Sustainable Development Finance for Cities and Regions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 14 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-14
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Becoming a successful city involves achieving a high investment/high return equilibrium, just as much as it does for the most successful businesses. Success in the open knowledge driven global economy requires places to be truly distinctive, appealing and productive. Just as firms must innovate and invest to succeed, cities have to adjust, reinvent, and differentiate themselves. They have to change the old patterns of land and resource use, and connect assets with opportunities in new ways and over new spaces. They must modernise infrastructure and build up human capital. This can have positive impacts on entrepreneurship, innovation, skills, and other factors of growth. But this involves adjustment costs, in the form of investment to re-engineer the city for the new economic functions and flows that it must facilitate. It can take 30-50 years of re-investment to fully recalibrate a city from the industrial mode to the knowledge mode...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art42-en
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    Peripheries and Centres : Research Universities in Developing Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-24
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Périphéries et centres : Les universités de recherche dans les pays en développement
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-24
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: The research university is a central institution of the 21st century – providing access to global science, producing basic and applied research, and educating key leaders for academe and society. Worldwide, there are very few research universities – they are expensive to develop and support, and the pressures of massification have placed priorities elsewhere. For developing countries, research universities are especially rare, and yet they are especially important as key ingredients for economic and social progress. This article argues for the importance of research universities in developing countries and points out some of the challenges that such institutions face.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art13-en
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  • 38
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    Les bâtiments scolaires en Grèce : le défi bioclimatique et un projet pilote photovoltai͏̈que (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 11 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/09
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. School Buildings in Greece: The Bioclimatic Challenge and a Photovoltaic Pilot Project
    Keywords: Education ; Greece
    Abstract: L’organisation chargée en Grèce des bâtiments scolaires, l’OSK, met au point des projets bioclimatiques pilotes qui donnent des résultats positifs. L’action bioclimatique est l’un des grands axes prioritaires de la planification des infrastructures scolaires en Grèce depuis 2004. Parmi les activités lancées par l’OSK pour promouvoir l’utilisation des sources d’énergie renouvelables dans les écoles, figure un projet pilote dont le but est de concevoir et d’installer un système photovoltaïque dans un établissement secondaire d’Athènes.
    DOI: 10.1787/076514774634
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  • 39
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    Financement du développement : même les pays 〈〈 chouchous 〉〉 ont du mal à faire face à la complexité du système (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Centre de développement de l'OCDE - Repères no.40
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Facing Complexity in Development Finance: Challenges for a Donor Darling
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Alors même que les volumes d’aide publique augmentent, l’accès aux sources de financement du développement devient de plus en plus complexe. Les gouvernements des pays en développement ont besoin de mieux connaître les flux privés de financement pour pouvoir concevoir des politiques de développement plus efficaces. Faute d’un gouvernement central volontaire, les stratégies bien intentionnées mais divergentes des bailleurs de fonds risquent de s’annihiler.
    DOI: 10.1787/243816843771
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  • 40
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    A New Creative Learning Centre at a Girls School in Australia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/05
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Nouveau centre d'apprentissage créatif dans une école pour filles en Australie
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Brisbane Girls Grammar School’s new Creative Learning Centre was conceived to group arts studies which were previously scattered across the campus and to serve all students as a meeting place and technology hub. The building is specifically designed to provide the most flexible and innovative environment for teenaged girls, having special regard for the way girls learn and interact socially. The unique design also helps ensure protection from Brisbane’s hot and humid environment.
    DOI: 10.1787/184468117450
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  • 41
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    Banking on Development : Private Banks ans Aid Donors in Developing Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 51 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.263
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Over the past decade we have witnessed a double convergence. Aid donors have developed a growing interest in the private sector while private banks have set about creating corporate social responsibility programs, sustainable lending and microfinance programmes. As a consequence, the dialogue between private banks and aid donors has been intensifying, opening new avenues for collaboration. The aim of this paper is to map the potential synergies between private banks and aid donors. A survey of private bank lending towards developing countries is undertaken in order to identify the private banks most active in those economies and provide an analytical tool to help identify the scope for public and private partnerships. We find an international division of labour in bank lending: within the developing world, banks from OECD countries tend to focus their credit on specific regions and countries. This mapping of private bank lending also allows us to pinpoint concrete examples of best practices in private bank and financial actors/aid donors collaborations. We follow by discussing some of the more important cases in the field, and conclude with the potential implications for improved partnerships between private banks and donor organisations.
    DOI: 10.1787/044646710662
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  • 42
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    Modal Estimates of Services Barriers (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 111 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.51
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.51
    Keywords: Trade
    Abstract: This paper presents improved approaches to measurement of services barriers by using alternative weighting methods and improved econometric specifications; the data include barriers affecting each mode of services supply and additional sector-specific regulatory variables. We provide an illustration of these improvements for banking, insurance, telecom (fixed and mobile), professional (engineering) and distribution services in selected countries in Africa, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Middle East. We report sector-specific restrictiveness indices at aggregate and modal levels along with aggregate and modal tax equivalents. We also provide confidence intervals for each estimated tax equivalent to take into account the limitations in the estimation techniques. Indeed these limitations lead us to argue against a strict interpretation of the empirical results and in favor of a more flexible, qualitative interpretation, combined with rank ordering of countries for indicative purposes.
    DOI: 10.1787/148425814101
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    Central Public Procurement Structures and Capacity in Member States of the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 86 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-86
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: This study provides an analysis of the functions, structure, status within the government, and capacity of the central public procurement bodies of Member States. It does not attempt to evaluate their respective advantages/disadvantages or to recommend particular institutional arrangements. Twenty-two separate overviews of public procurement systems in the 22 participating Member States were produced on the basis of national responses to a detailed questionnaire. An in-depth review of these country system overviews provided the comparative analysis portion of this study, which discusses the various models in place in Member States, in particular the background and rationale for the use of a particular institutional model.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art12-en
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    Improving Employment Prospects in the Slovak Republic : Building on Past Reforms (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 29 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.579
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: While employment growth has accelerated, allowing unemployment to fall significantly since 2005, many low-skilled workers are still unemployed and the duration of unemployment spells is still long. The introduction of an in-work benefit for workers in low-income households, subject to a minimum of hours worked, could lower barriers to higher employment which result from a relatively high tax wedge on lowskill workers, as would the elimination of poverty traps in the pension system. Measures to improve mobility of workers across regions, notably housing policy reform, would lower long unemployment durations, as would the provision of more training to the unemployed. Impediments to higher labour market participation of young women and older workers need to be removed.
    DOI: 10.1787/081484472812
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  • 45
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    Le système d'indicateurs de performance de l'infrastructure scolaire en Afrique du Sud (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 6 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/06
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. South Africa's School Infrastructure Performance Indicator System
    Keywords: Education ; South Africa
    Abstract: Si certains établissements scolaires sud-africains disposent d’excellentes infrastructures, d’autres manquent de services essentiels tels que l’eau courante et les installations sanitaires. Le projet de système d’indicateurs de performance des infrastructures scolaires (SIPIS) offre une approche qui permet à la fois d’aborder le besoin urgent de services de base et, à plus long terme, de soutenir le développement d’environnements éducatifs plus sophistiqués et plus efficaces.
    DOI: 10.1787/182865323060
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  • 46
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    Access to Drinking Water and Sanitation in Africa (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.41
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'accès à l'eau potable et à l'assainissement en Afrique
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Africa is unlikely to reach the drinking water and sanitation Millennium Development Goals. Disparities among countries are large, and the deficit in sanitation is greater than that for drinking water. Serious reforms in institutions, legal frameworks, and policies are needed.
    DOI: 10.1787/244478344264
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  • 47
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    Governance of Decentralised Pay Setting in Selected OECD Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Public Governance no.3
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Gouvernance de la détermination décentralisée des rémunérations dans certains pays membres de l'OCDE
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The need for more differentiated pay setting in the public sector is probably the most important driver behind decentralisation. Both the labour market and the public activities have become less homogeneous, and public administrations need – just like any other employer – to develop pay-setting arrangements that are sufficiently flexible to enable an adaptation of pay systems and pay structures.
    DOI: 10.1787/210083427643
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  • 48
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    La distance joue-t-elle un grand rôle ? : L'effet de l'isolement géographique sur les niveaux de productivité (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue économique de l'OCDE Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 235-256
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3444
    Language: French
    Pages: 31 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Does distance matter?: The effect of geographic isolation on productivity levels
    Titel der Quelle: Revue économique de l'OCDE
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 235-256
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: L’auteur remercie Jyoti Rahman, David Gruen, Lewis Evans, Ben Dolman, Robert Ewing, Graeme Davis, Janine Murphy, Gene Tunny, Dave Turner et Sveinbjörn Blöndal des précieuses remarques faites lors de la rédaction de cet article. Les opinions exprimées ici n’engagent que lui et ne sont pas nécessairement partagées par le Trésor ou le gouvernement australien.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art6-fr
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    The Policy Determinants of Investment in Tertiary Education (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 76 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.576
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper assesses how policies and institutions affect private returns to invest in tertiary human capital, the ability of individuals to finance this investment and the institutional characteristics of tertiary education systems. Focusing on core tertiary education services, the paper presents new measures of private returns to tertiary education, the institutional setting for supplying tertiary education and the availability of individual financing in OECD countries. Using a panel of 19 countries, the number of new tertiary graduates (a proxy for investment in tertiary education) is regressed on these new proposed measures, as well as other standard determinants of investment in tertiary education. The resulting estimates are used to assess empirically the relative importance of several education, taxation and social policies affecting investment in tertiary education. Several avenues for reform and the trade-offs they present for public policy are discussed.
    DOI: 10.1787/085530578031
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  • 50
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    Academic Performance, Students' Background and Affirmative Action at a Brazilian University (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-20
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Performance scolaire, origine des étudiants et discrimination positive dans une université brésilienne
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1-20
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: This paper describes the results of a detailed study relating the performance of undergraduate students admitted to Brazil’s State University of Campinas (Unicamp) from 1994 through 1997 and their socioeconomic and educational background. The study is based on a hierarchical model for the relevant variables involved. The main result is that students coming from disadvantaged backgrounds, in both educational and socioeconomic aspects, have a higher relative performance than their complementary group. We report on an affirmative action programme established at Unicamp for undergraduate admissions, partially motivated by those findings, and present evidence from an initial evaluation showing the programme’s positive impact. Finally, we comment on the effect this study and the Unicamp programme have had on the present debate about affirmative action access policies in Brazilian higher education institutions. by Renato H.L. Pedrosa, J. Norberto W. Dachs, Rafael P. Maia and Cibele Y. Andrade, Benilton S. Carvalho
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art18-en
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    Actions pour la durabilité environnementale en Australie (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: French
    Pages: 8 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Échanges, Programme pour la construction et l'équipement de l'éducation no.2007/11
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Sustainability Actions in Australia
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Voici des exemples d’études de cas australiennes sur des bâtiments scolaires de conception écologique - un complexe éducatif d’enseignement secondaire et un centre universitaire de formation – et des projets d’aménagement écologiquements viables de promoteurs privés, menés en collaboration avec les autorités locales.
    DOI: 10.1787/070847472168
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    The Integration of Immigrants into the Labour Market : The Case of Sweden (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 52 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.48
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Sweden
    Abstract: The current situation regarding the integration of immigrants in the labour market in Sweden is the consequence of a number of factors and developments. The past fifteen years have seen a higher share of humanitarian migration in Sweden than in the past. This is a form of migration for which labour market integration appears to be slower than for other forms of migration in all countries. At the same time there has been a growing diversification of migration away from “Western” countries to those with a greater cultural distance...
    DOI: 10.1787/235635254863
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    Indian Financial System Reform : Selected Issues (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 167-198
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 2, p. 167-198
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: India’s financial sector has become much more diversified, with capital markets playing an increasingly important role. These markets have been substantially deregulated and, recent changes notwithstanding, many restrictions on capital flows have been eased, especially with respect to equity inflows. As well, the health of the public banks, which initially had very weak balance sheets, has been restored. While India’s regulatory, supervisory and financial policy authorities have made progress, they are likely to face challenges related to several aspects characterising the country’s financial system, including its banking sector and its capital markets. Banks remain subject to government imposed constraints on their lending portfolios and the banking sector is still dominated by public institutions. Although the Indian government has intensified its efforts to develop corporate bond markets, the latter remain relatively underdeveloped. Equity markets, which have evolved considerably, have recently been characterised by substantial price increases, in part reflecting large foreign inflows. This development raises the question of sustainability of valuations under changing global monetary liquidity conditions and risk aversion. Different policy responses have been considered by Indian authorities. Representatives from these authorities expressed a reluctance to interfere with the market process. However, the recent decisions by policy authorities suggest that during the course of the ongoing deliberations by policy authorities, these considerations have been outweighed by concerns about the consequences of failing to constrain inflows. The decision by authorities to disallow issuance of “participatory notes” by foreign institutional investors has to be seen in this context.
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2007-art17-en
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    Report of the OECD Pesticide Risk Reduction Steering Group Workshop "Pesticide User Compliance" (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 166 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-166
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This report presents a summary of the discussions at, and the outcomes from, the OECD workshop on Pesticide User Compliance Issues. The workshop was held in Ottawa, from 6-8 June 2006 and was hosted by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA). The focus of the workshop was on issues and impediments to compliance associated with pesticide use. Such issues were addressed in the context of reducing risks to human health and the environment as well as risks to the integrity of the regulatory process.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art31-en
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  • 55
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    Does distance matter? : The effect of geographic isolation on productivity levels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 205-225
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La distance joue-t-elle un grand rôle ? : L'effet de l'isolement géographique sur les niveaux de productivité
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 205-225
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The author is grateful to Jyoti Rahman, David Gruen, Lewis Evans, Ben Dolman, Robert Ewing, Graeme Davis, Janine Murphy, Gene Tunny, Dave Turner and Sveinbjörn Blöndal for helpful comments in preparing this paper. The views expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Treasury or the Australian Government.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art6-en
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  • 56
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    Framework for Fiscal Consolidation : Successes and Failures in Japan (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 123-148
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 27 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 4, p. 123-148
    Keywords: Governance ; Japan
    Abstract: This article discusses selected historical developments of Japan’s public finance system from 1947 through 2004, then analyses the successful efforts for fiscal consolidation in the 1980s and the unsuccessful attempt in the 1990s. The article concludes with a look at ongoing reform efforts and lessons for the future.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v6-art23-en
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  • 57
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    Consensus Document on Safety Information on Transgenic Plants Expressing Bacillus thuringiensis - Derived Insect Control Protein (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 109 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 11, p. 1-107
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology decided at its first session, in June 1995, to focus its work on the development of consensus documents that are mutually acceptable among Member countries. These consensus documents contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of a particular product. In the area of plant biosafety, consensus documents are being developed on the biology of certain plants species, on specific genes and resulting proteins that when introduced into a plant result in the expression of specific traits and on issues arising from the use of general trait types in plants. This document addresses the general information concerning the ä-endotoxin genes and their protein toxin products that confer insect protection to plants.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art35-en
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  • 58
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    Facilitating Trade and Structural Adjustment the Philippines : Experience in Non-Member Economies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 46 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.59
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.59
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Faciliter les échanges et l'ajustement structurel les Philippines
    Keywords: Trade ; Philippines
    Abstract: This paper is the second of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. This paper studies the trade liberalisation experience of the Philippines from the 1980s. The report consists of 7 main parts; Part 1 provides the introduction, part 2 looks at the economic policies in the Philippines from the 1970s, and part 3 takes a general look at the general structure of the economy. Part 4 takes a closer look at the trade liberalisation in the Philippines which was implemented in three phases, (1) initial trade reforms (1981-88), (2) second phase (1991-93) and (3) third phase (1994-96). Part 5 takes an overview of the structural adjustments which took place in manufacturing and agriculture, with Part 6 taking a closer look at four sectors, electronics, food processing, cement, and business process outsourcing sectors. Part 7 concludes with lessons learnt and opportunities and challenges for further liberalisation. Despite considerable liberalisation including in trade policy since the 1980s, the Philippines economy posted only lacklustre performance initially. After a growth period in the 1990s and the Asian crisis, it is only in the recent past that some of the reforms are starting to pay off. The importance of a stable political and macroecnomic environment, need for appropriate exchange rates, need for early elimination of quantitative restrictions in trade reform, early deregulation on FDI are some of the lessons learnt. While challenges remain, better results are expected in the future if complemented with further reforms.
    DOI: 10.1787/246265100044
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    Healthcare Reform in Russia : Problems and Prospects (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.538
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: This paper examines the prospects for reform of Russia’s healthcare system. It begins by exploring a number of fundamental imbalances that characterise the current half-reformed system of healthcare provision before going on to assess the government’s plans for going ahead with healthcare reform over the medium term. The challenges it faces include strengthening primary care provision and reducing the current over-reliance on tertiary care; restructuring the incentives facing healthcare providers; and completing the reform of the system of mandatory medical insurance.
    DOI: 10.1787/327014317703
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  • 60
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    Policy Considerations for Audio-visual Content Distribution in a Multiplatform Environment (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 144 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.123
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: Convergence is at present a key factor in developments underlying the electronic communications sector.1 The public can see, speak and listen using various media operating over all kinds of networks.
    DOI: 10.1787/231238356546
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  • 61
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    Public Procurement Review and Remedies Systems in the European Union (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 110 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 4, p. 1-110
    Keywords: Economics ; European Union
    Abstract: The main objective for the establishment of a public procurement complaints review and remedies system is to enforce the practical application of substantive public procurement legislation. Such a system gives this legislation its “teeth”: the possibility of review and remedies serves as a deterrent to breaking the law and thus encourages compliance. Moreover, violations of the law and genuine mistakes can be corrected. Therefore, a functioning public procurement review and remedies system may ultimately contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the substantive rules, such as non-discrimination and equal treatment, transparency, and value for money. The public procurement review and remedies systems of EU Member States need to comply with the requirements of European Community law: the EC Treaty, the EC Public Sector Remedies Directive 89/665/EEC and the EC Utilities Remedies Directive 92/13/EEC...
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art13-en
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  • 62
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    Competition Law and Policy in Switzerland (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: competition law and policy Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 7-92
    Details
    ISSN: 1609-7521
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Droit et politique de la concurrence en Suisse
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: competition law and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD Publ., 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 7-92
    Keywords: Governance ; Switzerland
    Abstract: Swiss competition policy has traditionally been relatively lenient and low profile. The impact of competition policy on economic development has therefore been at best neutral. As the slow rate of growth becomes an issue, however, a more vigorous approach to competition has been identified as an important factor for improving growth prospects. The 2003 reform of the Cartel Act strengthened Swiss competition law, in particular by introducing direct sanctions for the most serious infringements and a leniency programme, thus bringing it closer to that of the European Union and of many other OECD countries. The Swiss Competition Commission has been given considerable new powers to combat private restraints of competition. Comco will have to enforce the new laws resolutely and step up action to promote regulatory reforms. In doing so, it is burdened by institutional arrangements and mechanisms that temper its full independence. The Swiss competition enforcers do not benefit from the networks of exchanges available to national competition authorities in EU member States. Matters are further complicated by a relative lack of resources. Strengthening competition is key for an effective internal market. The amendments to strengthen the Cartel Law and pending reform proposals signal determination on the part of the Confederation to tackle the problems. This report served as the basis for a peer review in the Competition Committee in 2005.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v9-art6-en
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    Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Italy 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031609
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE ; Rapport sur l'Italie 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur l'Italie 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Italy
    Abstract: This report describes what Italy is doing to implement the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031609-en
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    Ireland's Cherry Orchard National School (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 7 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: PEB Exchange, Programme on Educational Building no.2007/07
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Irlande : l'École publique de Cherry Orchard
    Keywords: Education ; Ireland
    Abstract: This recently completed primary school illustrates how architecture can contribute to creating a safe and warm environment in a difficult area and can meet the particular needs of the student community. In its first year in operation, Cherry Orchard National School is proving to be a successful project. Presented here are the architectural description and comments from the client, the school’s Board of Management.
    DOI: 10.1787/182018086626
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    The determinants of unemployment across OECD countries : Reassessing the role of policies and institutions (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: economic studies Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 7-86
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2856
    Language: English
    Pages: 89 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les déterminants du chômage dans les pays de l'OCDE : Une réévaluation du rôle des politiques et des institutions
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: economic studies
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2006, no. 1, p. 7-86
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Andrea Bassanini and Romain Duval are economists at the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs and the OECD Economics Department, respectively. Catherine Chapuis-Grabiner, Sébastien Martin and Rebecca Oyomopito provided excellent research assistance. Comments from Sveinbjorn Blöndal, Wendy Carlin, Jean-Philippe Cotis, Martine Durand, Jorgen Elmeskov, Michael P. Feiner, David Howell, Etienne Lehmann, Edmond Malinvaud, John P. Martin, Giuseppe Nicoletti, Stefano Scarpetta, Paul Swaim, Raymond Torres and participants to the joint WP1/WP5 EPC-ELSAC meeting in Paris, January 2006, and the Séminaire Fourgeaud, Paris, May 2006, are also gratefully acknowledged. Any errors are the responsibilities of the authors alone. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or of its member countries.
    DOI: 10.1787/eco_studies-v2006-art2-en
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    How do the OECD Growth Projections for the G7 Economies Perform? : A Post-Mortem (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 33 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.573
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: The quality of the OECD's Economic Outlook growth projections was last evaluated in-house at the peak of the previous business cycle, calling for a reassessment. This paper analyses the OECD's annual GDP growth projections for the G7 countries over the period 1991-2006 and compares them with the Consensus Economics forecasts. It shows that OECD growth projections display a number of desirable features: projections for the current year are unbiased and efficient; projection errors tend to shrink as the horizon shortens; and projections are directionally accurate most of the time. Like those produced elsewhere, the OECD projections also suffer from shortcomings: one-year-ahead projections display a positive bias, mainly reflecting a propensity to overpredict during slowdowns; spring one-year-ahead projections are far less informative than autumn ones; and turning points are poorly anticipated one year ahead. Regression tests suggest that the OECD and Consensus add value to naïve forecasts for spring current-year and autumn one-year-ahead projections.
    DOI: 10.1787/111804483765
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    Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies in Switzerland (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 62 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.27
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health ; Switzerland
    Abstract: This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the Swiss pharmaceutical sector, and assesses the degree to which Switzerland has achieved certain policy goals. In Switzerland, pharmaceutical spending has not been growing faster than health expenditure as a whole, as has been the case in many other OECD countries. Swiss pharmaceutical spending per capita and as a share of GDP is modest by OECD standards. This in part reflects relatively low levels of pharmaceutical consumption, given that public prices are among the highest in Europe and the Swiss tend to be early adopters of new pharmaceutical products. Switzerland’s regulation of prices for reimbursed drugs, based on referencing across countries and within the therapeutic class for products with comparators, appears to result in prices lower than what would be obtained absent regulation. Although ex-manufacturer prices are somewhat high relative to other European countries, recent reforms have reduced the differential. While costs are under control, Switzerland has scope to improve the cost-effectiveness of its expenditures in the pharmaceutical area. Generic penetration of the market is increasing but falls short of what has been achieved elsewhere and the prices of generic products are higher than what is found in other countries. Relatively high mark-ups over ex-factory prices suggest that the distribution chain is a source of further potential efficiencies, although high costs could also reflect characteristics of the Swiss economy...
    DOI: 10.1787/136157357151
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  • 68
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    Minimum Wages, Minimum Labour Costs and the Tax Treatment of Low-Wage Employment (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 25 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no.46
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: International comparisons of minimum-wage levels have largely focused on the gross value of minimum wages, ignoring the effects of taxation on both labour costs and the net income of employees. This paper presents estimates of the tax burdens facing minimum-wage workers. These are used as a basis for cross-country comparisons of the net earnings of these workers as well as the cost of employing them. In addition, results show the evolution of net incomes and labour costs during the 2000-2005 period and the relative importance of minimum-wage adjustments and...
    DOI: 10.1787/337686556262
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  • 69
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    Africa's Private Sector : Ready to Seize Business Opportunities? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.43
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Les opportunités d'affaires en Afrique : le secteur privé local est-il prêt à s'en saisir ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: The recent expansion of African horticultural exports has proven that business is changing on the continent. The experience of Senegal and Mali suggests that the two countries are facing major challenges in strengthening policy co-ordination, improving business environment and realising market opportunities. Deepening public-private dialogue will help address these challenges. * This Policy Insights introduces the African Economic Outlook 2007.
    DOI: 10.1787/243761566265
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  • 70
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    The Measurement of Globalisation using International Imput-Outpout Tables (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 32 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/08
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Mesurer la mondialisation à l'aide des tableaux internationaux d'entrées-sorties
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: One of the distinctive characteristics of the current globalisation process is the emergence of global value chains. Within global value chains and international production networks, not only are final goods traded internationally, but intermediate goods (parts and components) and, in recent years, services also increasingly are. This trend significantly alters the economic relations between countries and increasingly casts doubt on empirical indicators such as trade and FDI that are traditionally used to measure globalisation. Input-output tables may provide much finer detail in describing current globalisation as they offer information on the use of goods instead of the rather arbitrary classification schemes that divide goods into intermediate and other categories. Moreover, input-output tables also incorporate information on the use of services, enabling measurement of the increasing offshoring of service activities in today's business activities. Based on the OECD Input-Output Database, which includes harmonised tables for 38 countries (of which 10 emerging non-OECD economies), this paper brings together empirical evidence on the growing importance of global value chains and the increasing interdependence between countries. Input-output indicators are presented for individual countries and individual industries, aiming to demonstrate the changing characteristics of current globalisation.
    DOI: 10.1787/242020221356
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  • 71
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    Legislation on Lobbying in Europe (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 7, p. 1-35
    Keywords: Economics ; Hungary ; Lithuania ; Poland
    Abstract: This document provides an unofficial translation of legislation on lobbying in Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art22-en
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  • 72
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    Report on OECD Member Countries' Approaches to Consumer Contracts (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 98 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Digital Economy Papers no.131
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This report covers the four issues most often raised by consumer contracts: misrepresentation; the seller's duty to supply information to the consumer; suitability, or "know your customer" rules; and protection against unsolicited offers and pressure sales tactics.
    DOI: 10.1787/230810708021
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  • 73
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    The Wider Economic Benefits of Transportation : An Overview (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/08
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: Economic contributions of investments of transport infrastructure are typically assessed from a microeconomic perspective, which tries to identify the link between specific transport infrastructure improvements and the productivity of specific production units. The traditional economic tool of the microeconomic perspective is cost benefit analysis (CBA), an ex ante tool which tries to capture the benefits of time and cost savings --- as well as further gains from logistical improvements and facilities consolidation made possible by transport improvements --- and the associated costs including external costs. The objective of this Round Table sponsored by OECD / ECMT and Boston University is to identify and move towards methods which incorporate the wider economic benefits of transport infrastructure, not typically captured in the CBA estimates of benefits and costs. The aim of this brief paper is to offer an overview of such wider economic benefits ensuing from transport infrastructure investments.
    DOI: 10.1787/234804032336
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  • 74
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    Improving Education Outcomes in the Slovak Republic (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
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    Language: English
    Pages: 40 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.578
    Keywords: Economics ; Slovak Republic
    Abstract: Improving education outcomes is vital for achieving convergence with GDP per capita levels in Western European countries and for reducing income inequality. While some education outcomes are favourable, such as the low secondary-school drop-out rate, others have room for improvement: education achievement is below the OECD average and strongly influenced by socio-economic background; Roma children, who are mainly from disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds, have particularly poor achievement; labour-market outcomes are poor for graduates of secondary vocational programmes not leading to tertiary education; and tertiary attainment is low, albeit rising. Reforms have been made in recent years or are planned to address many of these weaknesses, but much remains to be done. In particular, more progress needs to be made in increasing participation in early childhood education and care, reducing stratification in the education system, helping Roma children to integrate into the education mainstream, and in attracting high quality graduates to teaching, especially in socio-economically disadvantaged schools. In addition, secondary vocational education not leading to tertiary education needs to be made more pertinent to labour-market requirements. Tertiary education also needs to be made more attractive for technical secondary school graduates.
    DOI: 10.1787/084038325004
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  • 75
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    La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE : Rapport sur la Corée 2007 (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264031654
    Language: French
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: La mise en œuvre de la Convention anti-corruption de l'OCDE
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention; Report on Korea 2007
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Implementing the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Report on Korea 2007
    Keywords: Governance ; Korea, Republic of
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264031654-fr
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  • 76
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    Africa in 2007 : Multifaceted Growth (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.47
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'Afrique en 2007 : une croissance diversifiée
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Growth will accelerate for net oil exporters and weaken slightly for oil importers, strengthening the trends projected in African Economic Outlook 2006. For the oil importers, moreover, inflation is moving to double-digit levels. Budget deficits in oil-importing countries appear to have stabilised. The current account deficits of these same countries have increased from 2 % in 1998-2004, to about 4 % since 2005. * This Policy Insights introduces the African Economic Outlook 2007.
    DOI: 10.1787/243412886530
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  • 77
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    Cyclical Fluctuations in CIS Economies (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 121-135
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2899
    Language: English
    Pages: 15 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: journal of business cycle measurement and analysis
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 121-135
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This paper documents a number of stylized facts of quarterly frequency cyclical fluctuations in a specific group of developing economies, previously belonging to the same country organization, the former Soviet Union. We find that in these countries (1) fluctuations are in general less persistent than elsewhere; (2) private consumption is extremely volatile; (3) net exports are procyclical and persistent in commodity exporter countries; (4) government consumption is a very important, dominantly procyclical determinant of output; (5) Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, and to a smaller degree, Kazakhstan and Moldova are surprisingly similar in the behavior of their GDP components, industrial production and certain nominal variables; (6) there is mixed evidence regarding the dominance of supply versus demand shocks.
    DOI: 10.1787/jbcma-v2007-art6-en
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  • 78
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    Asset Allocation Challenges for Pension Funds : Implications for Bond Markets (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal: financial market trends Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 129-151
    Details
    ISSN: 1995-2872
    Language: English
    Pages: 28 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal: financial market trends
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2008
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 2007, no. 1, p. 129-151
    Keywords: Finance and Investment
    Abstract: Pension funds have become the largest class of investors in many markets and, given their size, the allocation of their assets has important implications for the relative prices of financial assets. There may be a trend shift of private (defined benefit) pension fund asset allocation strategies away from equity to bonds, especially to government bonds, given their limited credit risk. The potential demand for such bonds could, in principle, be very substantial, sufficient in fact to result in a scarcity of such bonds in circulation. Many debt managers have taken advantage of current bond market conditions and issued long-term to ultra-long-term bonds. But whether they should follow a strategy of maturity-lengthening with the express aim to facilitate the task for pension fund managers is a different matter. Most policy makers would not recommend that governments undertake to issue long-term debt with the express intent of meeting this demand, not least because they expect the price mechanism to clear apparent imbalances in asset markets.
    DOI: 10.1787/fmt-v2007-art7-en
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  • 79
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    Managing Human Resources in Higher Education : The Implications of a Diversifying Workforce (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-21
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 23 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. La gestion des ressources humaines dans l'enseignement supérieur : La diversification des fonctions et ses conséquences
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-21
    Keywords: Education
    Abstract: Human resource capacity has become a critical issue for contemporary universities as a result of increasing pressures from governments and global markets. As a consequence, particularly where the institution is the employer, changes are occurring in the expectations of staff and institutions about employment terms and conditions, as well as the broader aspects of working life, and this is affecting academic and professional identities. Even under different regimes, for instance, in Europe, with the government in effect as the employer, institutions are giving greater attention to ways in which they might respond to these developments. This paper considers key issues and challenges in human resource management in higher education, and some of the implications of these changes.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art14-en
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  • 80
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    Concurrence et prestation de services hospitaliers (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 177-287
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3452
    Language: French
    Pages: 112 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Competition in the Provision of Hospital Services
    Titel der Quelle: Revue de l'OCDE sur le droit et la politique de la concurrence
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1999
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 8, no. 3, p. 177-287
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: En raison d’un pourcentage élevé du revenu et du budget national affectés aux services hospitaliers et de la nécessité évidente de les améliorer, des mécanismes concurrentiels renforcés ont été mis en place dans un certain nombre de pays de l’OCDE pour améliorer l’efficience des prestations hospitalières. Les services hospitaliers comportent un ensemble complexe de produits et de services destinés aux patients, qui ne sont pas tous soumis de la même manière à la concurrence. Certains services comme les services d’urgence sont peu, voire pas du tout, soumis à la concurrence. D’autres comme la chirurgie qui peut être programmée, peuvent être soumis à la concurrence d’autres services offrant un service comparable. D’autres encore, comme les services de diagnostic, les consultations de spécialistes et les services de consultations externes peuvent être en concurrence avec les centres de diagnostic, les cabinets de médecins et les centres de chirurgie ambulatoire.
    DOI: 10.1787/clp-v8-art11-fr
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  • 81
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    Does Taxation Rhyme with Democracy? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 2 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Policy Insights no.54
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Fiscalité et démocratie vont-elles de pair ?
    Keywords: Development
    Abstract: Latin America has put its faith in democracy and the market economy. Efficient, fair and equitable fiscal policy can help foster development and consolidate democracy. * This Policy Insights is based on the Latin American Economic Outlook 2008.
    DOI: 10.1787/243010553650
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    Incentives to Reduce GHG Emissions from Deforestation : Lessons Learned from Costa Rica and Mexico (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-50
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 50 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1-50
    Keywords: Economics ; Costa Rica ; Mexico
    Abstract: Global deforestation is occurring at a fast rate, around 13 million ha/yr (FAO, 2006) and is a major contributor to climate change. Emissions from deforestation in the 1990s are estimated at 5.8Gt/CO2/yr, and account for one-fifth of global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG). Moreover, deforestation is the major source of GHG emissions from the land use, land-use change and forestry sector, it constitutes the main source of GHG emissions from many developing countries, and, at a global scale, GHG emissions from deforestation are higher than the total amount produced by the transport sector annually.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art1-en
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  • 83
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    Capturing Nanotechnology's Current State of Development via Analysis of Patents (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 53 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers no.2007/04
    Keywords: Science and Technology
    Abstract: This analysis aims at capturing current inventive activities in nanotechnologies based on the analysis of patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO).
    DOI: 10.1787/168778071481
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  • 84
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    Adjustment Options and Strategies in the Context of Agricultural Policy Reform and Trade Liberalisation (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers no.4
    Series Statement: OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers no.4
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Possibilités d'ajustement et stratégies envisageables face à la réforme des politiques agricoles et à la libéralisation des échanges
    Keywords: Agriculture and Food
    Abstract: Reforming agricultural policies by reducing distorting support improves economic efficiency as a whole through a better allocation of resources. This implies that adjustment may have adverse effects on some agricultural households and other people engaged in the sector, in particular in the short term. There may also be negative impacts on upstream and downstream sectors and on regional economies that rely on commodities whose prices and production levels fall with reductions in support and protection. Despite pressures to reform to meet multilateral and bilateral trade commitments and to respond to budgetary constraints, these adverse impacts are a major reason why governments find it difficult to make progress in policy reform.
    DOI: 10.1787/124462320780
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    Improved Health System Performance through better Care Coordination (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 87 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Health Working Papers no.30
    Keywords: Social Issues/Migration/Health
    Abstract: This report attempts to assess whether -- and to what degree - better care coordination can improve health system performance in terms of quality and cost-efficiency. Coordination of care refers to policies that help create patient-centred care that is more coherent both within and across care settings and over time. Broadly speaking, it means making health-care systems more attentive to the needs of individual patients and ensuring they get the appropriate care for acute episodes as well as care aimed at stabilising their health over long periods in less costly environments. These issues are of particular interest to patients with chronic conditions and the elderly who may find it difficult to "navigate" fragmented health-care systems that are often found in OECD countries. Interest in coordination of care issues is increasing Growing interest in these issues has reflected a shift in the demands placed on health-care services. Chronic conditions have become progressively more important and are absorbing a growing share of health-care budgets. Since most of the chronically ill are elderly, this share can be expected to rise as populations age over coming decades. At the same time, many reports suggest that the quality of care that the chronically ill receive may need improvement. With these developments occurring in a context of tight public finance, some countries have been attempting to improve both the quality of care provided to the chronically ill and reduce cost pressures via changes to the architecture of health-care systems that encourage greater care coordination...
    DOI: 10.1787/246446201766
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    Frequently Asked Questions about Work Sharing on Pesticide Registration Reviews (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 10, p. 1-13
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: OECD countries invest significant resources in evaluating agricultural pesticides before they are marketed (or re-evaluating pesticides that have been in use for many years) to ensure that they do not pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. Since many pesticides used in OECD countries are the same, governments have recognised the substantial benefits that can be gained if the task of pesticide evaluations for registration and re-registration is shared, rather than duplicating each others' work. The OECD Pesticides Programme is working to establish the infrastructure that will facilitate such work sharing. The recent adoption of an OECD-wide future "vision", with specific deadlines for work sharing, should lead to additional (and more routine) work sharing arrangements between governments and industry.This document provides responses to questions that are frequently asked by governments and industry about the concept of work sharing, and how it would operate in practice. Many of the questions were raised at an OECD seminar on work sharing, held on 31 May, 2006, at the Pesticide Control Service in Ireland. The answers were prepared by a panel of OECD government representatives at that seminar.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v7-art29-en
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    Regulatory Management Capacities of Member States of the EU that Joined the Union on 1 May 2004 : Sustaining Regulatory Management Improvements through a Better Regulation Policy (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 122 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: Sigma Papers no.42
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: The European Commission requested Sigma to carry out a study on the regulatory management capacities of the ten countries that joined the EU on 1 May 2004 to learn more about their Better Regulation practices, exchange good practices and make suggestions for further improvements. This study was carried out by way of peer reviews taking place between March 2005 and October 2006. The topics examined were notably: the origins of EU Better Regulation policy, regulatory management processes, the tools used in these processes (impact assessment, consultation, simplification, alternatives and accessibility), enactment processes and the enforcement and compliance of laws in the NMS, with reference to intellectual property law and environmental laws. Each peer reviews led to a country report that was sent to the Commission and the Member State in question. Publication of each country report was left to the discretion of the Member State in question. A synthesis was drawn up summarizing all findings and making recommendations addressed to all new Member States in general.
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml60q573g6-en
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  • 88
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    From "Clientelism" to a "Client-Centred Orientation"? The Challenge of Public Administration Reform in Russia (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.536
    Keywords: Economics ; Russian Federation
    Abstract: The inefficiency, corruption and lack of accountability that afflict public administration in Russia impose substantial direct costs on both entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens. This paper examines the major weaknesses of Russia’s public administration and assesses the government’s recently revised programme of administrative reform. It lays particular stress on the relationship between public bureaucracies and the larger institutional environment within which they operate, as well as on the need for far greater transparency of public bodies and stronger non-judicial means of redress for citizens wishing to challenge bureaucratic decisions. Many of the problems of Russia’s public administration are aggravated by the fact that the Russian state often tries to do too much: the paper therefore explores the link between administrative reform and the scope of state ownership and regulation.
    DOI: 10.1787/332450142780
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  • 89
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    What Promotes Fiscal Consolidation : OECD Country Experiences (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 38 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.553
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: Fiscal consolidation is required in most OECD countries. This is especially so in view of mediumand long-term spending pressures on public finances, related, inter alia, to ageing. Based on a dataset covering a large number of OECD fiscal consolidation episodes starting in the late 1970s, the paper presents evidence, both descriptive and econometric, on macroeconomic conditions and policy set-ups that have been effective in triggering and sustaining fiscal consolidation. Main findings include: Large initial deficits and high interest rates have been important in prompting fiscal adjustment and also in boosting the overall size and duration of consolidation. Concerning the quality of fiscal policies, an emphasis on cutting current expenditures has been associated with overall larger consolidation. Fiscal rules with embedded expenditure targets tended to be associated with larger and longer adjustments, pointing to institutional features playing a potentially important role in generating successful consolation efforts. Experience across countries also shows that certain design features such as transparency, flexibility to face shocks and effective enforcement mechanisms seem important for the effectiveness of fiscal rules.
    DOI: 10.1787/180833424370
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  • 90
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    Enhancing the Benefits of Financial Liberalisation in Belgium (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 35 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Economics Department Working Papers no.588
    Keywords: Economics ; Belgium
    Abstract: The Belgian financial landscape has been transformed over the past two decades and now consists of a relatively large, well-functioning and internationally integrated financial sector contributing directly and indirectly, through its intermediary function, to long-term economic growth. One of the financial system’s key characteristics is the concentration of activity among a small number of financial conglomerates that offer a combination of banking and insurance services. Although this mix of activities may contribute to financial stability, it has led to a widespread commercial practice of crossselling, possibly dampening competitive pressures. Competition may also be hindered by regulatory policies in the markets of mortgage loans and consumer credit; although these policies aim at protecting consumers against the risk of over-indebtedness, they risk having the unintended consequence of increasing entry costs for new providers, thus hindering competition and innovation and hurting consumer interests. Besides regulatory policy, tax policy has also been used to shape the development of the financial system. Tax credits are granted to influence investment and borrowing decisions, notably to stimulate home ownership, encourage saving and stimulate private pension accounts. International experience suggests that such tax expenditures, while influencing the allocation of saving, have no obvious impact on the overall level of saving. However they result in significant tax expenditure and necessitate higher tax rates elsewhere. Reforms recommended in this paper would help to make a well-functioning system perform even better.
    DOI: 10.1787/034117657485
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  • 91
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    Linkage Between foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Trade Policy : An Economic Analysis with Application to the Food Sector in OECD Countries and Case Studies in Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisia and Uganda (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 82 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Working Papers no.50
    Series Statement: OECD Trade Policy Papers no.50
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Relations entre l'investissement direct étranger, les échanges et la politique commerciale : Analyse économique appliquée au secteur alimentaire des pays de l'OCDE et études de cas au Ghana, au Mozambique, en Ouganda et en Tunisie
    Keywords: Trade ; Ghana ; Mozambique ; Tunisia ; Uganda
    Abstract: Through empirical analysis and case studies, this document explores the relationships amongst foreign direct investment (FDI), trade and trade-related policies in OECD and four African countries (Ghana, Mozambique, Tunisia and Uganda). In OECD countries, tariffs and market price support may have an effect on how FDI is distributed geographically. FDI may be used to avoid or "jump" tariffs. Also, investors in a home country may invest in a host country to exploit the preferential tariffs that the host has with a third country. Participation in a regional trading agreement or customs union, e.g. NAFTA or the EU, may create investment opportunities. Market price support to agriculture may encourage outward investment and discourage inward investment. In aggregate, FDI and trade appear to complement one another. The four case studies in Africa highlight the interactions amongst regulations, foreign investment and trade. For example, FDI is useful in helping the firm develop the resources to meet the standards of OECD markets. Investment promotion agencies and export processing zones appear to prepare countries to attract FDI. Preferential trading agreements like the Everything but Arms with EU and the African Growth Opportunity Act with the US may have an impact on trade and investment. Beyond trade policies, other policies and factors contribute substantially to the location and distribution of FDI. As seen amongst OECD countries, factors like the GDP of a country (i.e. market size) and cost of production and transport can have an effect on FDI. Another factor that influences FDI is the degree of market competitiveness. For the four African countries, the country risk and the level of infrastructure can influence the volume of FDI attracted.
    DOI: 10.1787/152275474424
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  • 92
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    L'université sous les projecteurs : Modèles de classement de la performance en Australie (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-19
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 20 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. Universities on the Catwalk: Models for Performance Ranking in Australia
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 2, p. 1-19
    Keywords: Education ; Australia
    Abstract: Les classements nationaux et internationaux des établissements en fonction de leur performance prennent actuellement une place de plus en plus importante dans l’enseignement supérieur. Il est essentiel pour la gestion de cette composante que les chercheurs élaborent des approches pragmatiques, en prise avec les problèmes de l’enseignement et méthodologiquement solides. Cet article compare trois approches en matière de modélisation des indicateurs clés qui sous-tendent l’évaluation nationale de l’enseignement universitaire en Australie : le classement par agrégats ; l’analyse de l’évolution des établissements dans le temps ; la variation de la performance en fonction des domaines d’étude. Les observations montrent que le modèle simple des agrégats n’est pas satisfaisant et qu’il importe de faire appel aux méthodes analytiques modernes si l’on veut prendre en compte les variations d’un domaine d’étude à l’autre. De manière plus générale, il ressort de ces observations qu’il conviendra d’envisager un effort méthodologique important pour aboutir à un classement satisfaisant des universités.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art11-fr
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  • 93
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    The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy : Executive Summary (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    ISBN: 9789264037274
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Science and Technology ; Trade ; Industry and Services
    Abstract: Analysis carried out in this report indicates that international trade in counterfeit and pirated products could have been up to USD 200 billion in 2005. This total does not include domestically produced and consumed counterfeit and pirated products and the significant volume of pirated digital products being distributed via the Internet. If these items were added, the total magnitude of counterfeiting and piracy worldwide could well be several hundred billion dollars more. Counterfeiting and piracy are illicit businesses in which criminal networks thrive. The report shows that the items that they and other counterfeiters and pirates produce and distribute are often substandard and can even be dangerous, posing health and safety risks that range from mild to life-threatening. Economy-wide, counterfeiting and piracy undermine innovation, which is key to economic growth. The magnitude and effects of counterfeiting and piracy are of such significance that they compel strong and sustained action from governments, business and consumers. More effective enforcement is critical in this regard, as is the need to build public support to combat the counterfeiting and piracy. Increased co-operation between governments, and with industry, would be beneficial, as would better data collection.
    DOI: 10.1787/9789264037274-en
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  • 94
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    Integrating Current and Development Budgets : A Four-Dimensional Process (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 93-107
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 7, no. 2, p. 93-107
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: For most developing and transition countries, the integration of current and capital (or “development”) budgets is a major step towards improved budget management and more effective public finance institutions. Moving to a unified budget, however, can be a technically and managerially demanding task that involves legislative, institutional, budget presentation and expenditure management issues. Countries undertaking this step need to understand each of these dimensions, how they interact with each other, and how they may affect various aspects of the budget system.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v7-art10-en
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  • 95
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    The Entrepreneurial State and Research Universities in the United States : Policy and New State-based Initiatives (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Higher education management and policy Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Details
    ISSN: 1726-9822
    Language: English
    Pages: 37 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. L'esprit d'entreprise des États et des universités aux États-Unis axées sur la recherche : La politique et les nouvelles initiatives des États
    Titel der Quelle: Higher education management and policy
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OECD, 2002
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-37
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: The convergence of United States federal science and economic policy that began in earnest under the Reagan administration formed the First Stage in an emerging post-Cold War drive toward technological innovation. A frenzy of new state-based initiatives now forms the Second Stage, further promoting universities as decisive tools for economic competitiveness. This paper outlines the characteristics of this Second Stage. Among the author’s conclusions are the following: high tech (HT) economic activity is already relatively widespread among the various states; leading HT states rely heavily on their university sectors and a highly educated workforce, yet are increasingly importing talent and neglecting investment in the education and skills of their native population; the long-term commitment of states to financially support the frenzy of HT initiatives is unclear; and state initiatives are rationalised by lawmakers as filling a need not currently met by the private sector or universities and, in part, by a sense of competition between states, with only a minor concern with global competition, thus far. As this paper explores, the politics of HT, including the focus on university-industry collaboration and neo-conservative religious/moral controversies over stem cell research, are a significant factor for understanding how and why most states are pursuing the Second Stage.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art6-en
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  • 96
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    L'esprit d'entreprise des États et des universités aux États-Unis axées sur la recherche : La politique et les nouvelles initiatives des États (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Details
    ISSN: 1684-3592
    Language: French
    Pages: 45 p
    Parallel Title: Parallelausg. The Entrepreneurial State and Research Universities in the United States: Policy and New State-based Initiatives
    Titel der Quelle: Politiques et gestion de l'enseignement supérieur
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : OCDE, 1998
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 19, no. 1, p. 1-44
    Keywords: Education ; United States
    Abstract: La convergence aux États-Unis de la politique fédérale en matière économique et scientifique, qui s’est vraiment mise en œuvre sous l’administration Reagan, a constitué la première étape d’un processus nouveau pour la période de l’après-guerre froide, celui de l’innovation technologique. Aujourd’hui, la seconde étape se compose d’une pléthore d’initiatives nouvelles soutenues par les États, où les universités sont de plus en plus perçues comme des outils indispensables à la compétitivité économique. Le présent document donne une vue d’ensemble de cette seconde étape. Les conclusions de l’auteur sont diverses : la place des hautes technologies dans l’économie est déjà relativement importante dans les différents États ; les États occupant une place dominante dans le domaine des hautes technologies dépendent pour beaucoup de leurs universités et d’une main-d’œuvre ayant suivi un enseignement supérieur, mais ont de plus en plus tendance à importer des compétences et à négliger les investissements dans l’enseignement et la formation de leur population autochtone ; il est difficile de déterminer si les États vont s’engager sur le long terme à soutenir financièrement le développement frénétique des initiatives touchant aux hautes technologies ; enfin, les initiatives prises au niveau des États sont justifiées par les législateurs comme satisfaisant un besoin qui n’est actuellement rempli ni par le secteur privé, ni par les universités, ainsi que, en partie, comme une réponse à la notion de concurrence entre les États, mais très peu jusqu’alors comme une volonté d’être compétitifs au niveau mondial. Comme le montre le présent document, la politique relative aux hautes technologies – y compris l’accent qui est mis sur la collaboration entre universités et industrie ou les controverses néo conservatrices d’ordre moral/religieux qui entourent la recherche sur les cellules souches – est un élément important pour comprendre pourquoi et comment la plupart des États s’engagent dans cette seconde étape.
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-v19-art6-fr
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  • 97
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    Governments and the Market for Longevity-Indexed Bonds (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 18 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions no.4
    DOI: 10.1787/260561411283
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  • 98
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    Future Prices and Availability of Transport Fuels (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers no.2007/15
    Keywords: Transport
    Abstract: It is a truism that future prices of energy for transportation will be determined by the forces of supply and demand. For transport fuels, these forces have entered a crucial phase that is likely to persist for several decades. Oil production from conventional resources outside of the OPEC countries will peak within a few years. Unconventional fossil resources that can be exploited at current prices, resources whose early development is already well underway, pose an even greater threat to the global climate. To bring these resources to the market at a rate to match the growth in demand for mobility fuels in the developed and developing economies will require massive, risky investments. Serious risks are posed by the environmental acceptability of these fuels and also by the fact that a sudden downturn in world oil prices would turn them into stranded assets. It is also a truism that no one can accurately predict the price of oil. Today, oil costs $70 per barrel. Ten years ago, it cost less than $20 per barrel. Twenty seven years ago oil prices peaked at $90 per barrel. Thirty-seven years ago oil cost only $10 per barrel and its price had been relatively stable for almost fifty years. Those who carefully craft future oil price scenarios know that they are not predicting but rather attempting to define alternative paths of central tendency. Even the best official oil price projections look nothing like the past thirty-five years of history. It is important to understand why this is so. Since 1972, world oil prices have been strongly and unpredictably influenced by the actions of the OPEC cartel. It is very likely that they will be for the next thirty years, as well.
    DOI: 10.1787/234584871680
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  • 99
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    Reshaping a Local Economy through a Development Agency : The Case of Laganside Corporation, Belfast, United Kingdom (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD papers Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2328
    Language: English
    Pages: 78 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD papers
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 12, p. 1-78
    Keywords: Economics
    Abstract: This study of Laganside Corporation draws out valuable lessons for existing agencies, cities, regions and national governments. It offers practical guidance on how to use key tools and concepts of local development to foster economic growth and social cohesion. Although a „top down‟ model, Laganside Corporation pursued an approach which engaged stakeholders from all sectors and provides valuable insights into effective community engagement and working with public and private sectors. The study analyses the approach taken by Laganside Corporation and its international counterparts on a broad range of tools for local development.
    DOI: 10.1787/oecd_papers-v6-art40-en
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  • 100
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    Fiscal Rules for Subnational Governments : Can They Promote Fiscal Discipline? (2007)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    In:  OECD journal on budgeting Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-11
    Details
    ISSN: 1681-2336
    Language: English
    Pages: 13 p
    Titel der Quelle: OECD journal on budgeting
    Publ. der Quelle: Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001
    Angaben zur Quelle: Vol. 6, no. 3, p. 1-11
    Keywords: Governance
    Abstract: Experience indicates that fiscal rules can be helpful as a disciplinary device at the central government level. This article explores whether fiscal rules could be usefully adopted in a decentralised framework, where the behaviour of subnational governments may undermine fiscal discipline.
    DOI: 10.1787/budget-v6-art17-en
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