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  • Agriculture
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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    New York [u.a.] : Gordon and Breach
    Language: English
    Series Statement: Food and nutrition in history and anthropology ...
    Keywords: Food ; supply ; Africa ; Produce ; trade ; Africa ; Agriculture ; Africa ; Famines ; Africa ; Africa ; Economic ; conditions ; 1960-
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Roma : Istituto per la Storia del Risorgimento Italiano
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 24 cm
    Series Statement: Biblioteca scientifica ...
    Series Statement: Serie 2, Fonti
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Economic aspects ; Italy, Southern ; History ; Italien Süd ; Agrarreform ; Geschichte 1700-1899
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 3
    Book
    Book
    Roma : Istituto per la Storia del Risorgimento Italiano
    Language: Italian
    Pages: 24 cm
    Series Statement: Biblioteca scientifica ...
    Series Statement: Serie 2, Fonti
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Economic aspects ; Italy, Southern ; History ; Italien Süd ; Agrarreform ; Geschichte 1700-1899
    Note: Erschienen: 1 - 2
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  • 4
    Language: Italian , English , French
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Geschichte
    Note: Dipartimento di studi storici geografici antropologici, Università degli studi Roma tre, Laboratorio storico geografico reatino (Laréa) , Includes bibliographical references , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 5
    Language: Italian , English , French
    DDC: 630
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Konferenzschrift ; Landwirtschaftsentwicklung ; Agrarpolitik ; Ländliche Entwicklung ; Geschichte
    Note: Dipartimento di studi storici geografici antropologici, Università degli studi Roma tre, Laboratorio storico geografico reatino (Laréa) , Includes bibliographical references , Erschienen: 1 - 3
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  • 6
    Language: Dutch
    Pages: 25-35 cm
    Dissertation note: Wageningen, Landbouwhoogeschool, Proefschrift, 1931
    Keywords: Agriculture Economic aspects ; Agriculture ; Pasuruan (Java) Rural conditions ; Pasuruan ; Landwirtschaft
    Description / Table of Contents: deel 1. Tekst.-- deel 2. Bijlagen
    Note: Bibliographical footnotes
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Cassava ; Food ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Loans ; Marketing ; Plantain ; Value Chain
    Abstract: The main objective of the report is to develop business models on farming and/or processing of cassava, maize and plantain in Cote d'Ivoire that would help financial institutions to gain better knowledge of the value chains, to design appropriate financing products and to streamline the loan decision process for women-led cooperatives. This report has been produced hand in hand with a financial evaluation tool, to assess the profitability of lending to various cooperatives engaged these select value chains. In addition, detailed financial models have been prepared to assess the cash flow projections of the cooperatives, which could be used in the loan decision process. A marketing strategy plan has also been prepared, which aims at guiding financial institutions in their lending initiatives to cooperatives operating in the various value chains. It is vital for financial institutions to have the right marketing approach, so that cooperatives with a suitable profile can enter their pipeline as potential clients for lending
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819944132
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 344 p. 101 illus., 95 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: India Studies in Business and Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Sociology. ; Nutrition. ; Food. ; Food security. ; Nutrition . ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Food Security ; SDG2, SDG1, SDG5 ; Hunger ; Nutrition ; Dietary Diversity ; Undernutrition ; India ; Women and children nutrition ; Dietary supplements ; Food wellbeing ; Food and health
    Abstract: Chapter 1. Introduction and Synthesis of the Book -- Chapter 2. Evolution of India’s Policy Response to Hunger. Nutrition and Food Security Since Independence -- Chapter 3. Are Gender Budgets Necessary for Reducing Inequalities in Health Outcomes? An Exploratory Analysis -- Chapter 4. Food Security in Rural Bihar: Findings from a Longitudinal Survey -- Chapter 5. Food Security Atlas of Rural Jharkhand -- Chapter 6. Milk Consumption Pattern of Young children: A Relook at the Indian Evidence -- Chapter 7. Revisiting Women’s Empowerment as an Agriculture-Nutrition Pathway Using the Framework of Intersectionality -- Chapter 8. A Search for Appropriate Calorie Intake Norm for Indian States -- Chapter 9. Socio-Legal Analysis of the Impact of Food Insecurity and Hunger on Right to Health of Urban Poor Living in the State of Gujarat -- Chapter 10. Subjective Wellbeing of Women in The Marine Fisherfolk of Kerala: Anthropological Insights on Life Experience, Attitude and Life Satisfaction -- Chapter 11. Exploring The Prevalence of Undernutrition and Consumers’ Knowledge, Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Bio-Fortified Food -- Chapter 12. Does Crop Insurance Promote Nutrition and Good Health among Women and Children in the Agrarian Households of India?- Chapter 13. Dietary diversity and anaemia among women: A study of four Indian states -- Chapter 14. Gendering Tribal Food Security in Uttar Pradesh.
    Abstract: This open access volume discloses rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. Through its fourteen chapters, it takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance and food security linkages, interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on. With its rich discussions, the book is compelling for students, researchers, policy makers, development professionals and practitioners working in areas of food and nutrition security, SDGs, in particular SDG1, SDG2 and SDG5, and sustainable food systems. .
    Note: Open Access
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9783031550089
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 187 p. 74 illus., 54 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Regional Science
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Regional economics. ; Spatial economics. ; Economic geography. ; Geographic information systems. ; Agriculture ; Urban economics. ; Spatial Interaction ; Land Use ; Sustainable regional development ; Systemic Cost Benefit Analysis ; Regional Science ; Spatial economics ; climate change ; econometrics ; spatial planning
    Abstract: This book develops spatial interaction models for the analysis of human interaction within space, in terms of both accessibility and land use. Presenting case studies on the Azores and Morocco, it covers applications in various regions of Europe and Africa. The respective models simulate land use, employment, households, commuting and shopping movements and land values, employment distribution for basic activities, changes in accessibility, and changes in land suitability due to climate change. This book will appeal to scholars and students of regional and spatial science, ecological economics, and agricultural economics, as well as to spatial planners and practitioners dealing with issues of spatial planning to address such problems as unsustainable land use, adaptation to climate change, desertification of rural areas heavily dependent on land use, and the impacts of external shocks on land and property values.
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  • 10
    ISBN: 9783031507472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIX, 439 Seiten)
    Series Statement: Palgrave studies in agricultural economics and food policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rahman, Andaleeb The future of India's social safety nets
    Keywords: Social policy. ; Agriculture ; Development economics. ; Economic history. ; Economics. ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme ; Political economy ; Central / national / federal government policies ; Agricultural science ; Development economics and emerging economies ; Economics ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
    Abstract: India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. The COVID-19 pandemic unified the international response in similar ways, and the world has a lot to learn about key initiatives in India that have been implemented since India's independence. This open-access book includes key learnings about the conceptualization, design, and impact of social welfare programs in India spanning more than a 75-year period. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets provides a comprehensive analysis of these systems by combining insights from a wealth of interdisciplinary scholarship on social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India’s social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting the developmental achievements and shortcomings of the myriad of social welfare schemes, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. This is an open-access book
    Note: English
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  • 11
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031507472
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XXIX, 439 p. 25 illus., 4 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Rahman, Andaleeb The future of India's social safety nets
    Keywords: Social policy. ; Agriculture ; Development economics. ; Economic history. ; Economics. ; Social Safety Nets ; Indian Welfare Safe ; Food Policy in India ; Political Economy ; Governance ; Development Economics ; Health Care ; Poverty ; Public Distribution System (PDS) ; Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
    Abstract: 1. India’s Safety Net System, Development and Challenges -- 2. Evolution of Social Safety Nets -- 3. Hunger to Nutrition Nexus -- 4. Poverty and Livelihoods -- 5. Intergenerational Growth -- 6. Health Care -- 7. Filling Gaps in Safety Net Design: Targeting, Modality and Technology -- 8. Political Economy Considerations and Effective Governance -- 9. Way Forward.
    Abstract: “An invaluable springboard for further research and action in this field.” —Jean Drèze, Ranchi University “A vision of the potential for social policy to move beyond palliative measures towards a resilient and inclusive social contract.” —Harold Alderman, International Food Policy Research Institute “A must read for those that want to understand the past, present, and future of social protection in the country and beyond.” —Ugo Gentilini, World Bank “It will become a standard reference in the literature.” —Ravi Kanbur, Cornell University India has learned what to do and what not to do when it comes to implementing policy to address human suffering. COVID-19 unified the international response to human suffering, and the world has a lot to learn about the initiatives implemented in India since its independence. This open-access book covers the conceptualization, design, and impact of notable social welfare programs in India. The Future of India's Social Safety Nets combines insights from social protection, economic development, and social policy. It covers India’s social development in terms of three essential aspects of policy design: focus (intended beneficiaries), form (transfer modalities), and scope (developmental objectives). Highlighting developmental achievements and shortcomings, this book proposes a framework to foster human resilience through social protection. Andaleeb Rahman is an economist at the Tata-Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition at Cornell University. Prabhu Pingali is Professor of Applied Economics and Founding Director of the Tata-Cornell Institute for Agriculture and Nutrition at Cornell University.
    Note: Open Access
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  • 12
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031538407
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 476 p. 147 illus., 81 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Textbooks in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Medical economics. ; Medical policy. ; Nutrition . ; Agricultural economics ; Food policy ; Nutrition ; Health ; Resource Economics ; Environmental Economics ; Sustainable Development Goals ; SDGs ; Economics of Food ; Public Health
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Individual choices: explaining food consumption and production -- Chapter 3: Societal outcomes: predicting food market prices and quantities -- Chapter 4: Social welfare: evaluating change in food market outcomes -- Chapter 5: Market power: when innovation, scale economies or policy choices create imperfect competition -- Chapter 6: Collective action: government policies and other social choices -- Chapter 7: Poverty and risk: variation among people and over time -- Chapter 8: Psychology and decision-making: behavioral economics in the food system -- Chapter 9: Food in the macroeconomy: the whole is more than the sum of its parts -- Chapter 10: International development: systemic change over time -- Chapter 11: The world food system: trade, storage and processing within and between countries -- Chapter 12: The future of food: new technology, resource constraints and induced innovation.
    Abstract: Food Economics provides a unified introduction to the economics of agricultural production, business decisions, consumer behavior, and the government policies that shape our food system. This open access textbook begins with economic principles derived using graphical techniques to explain and predict observed prices, quantities, and other outcomes as a result of individual choices influenced by market structure and public policies. The second half of the book explores available data globally and for the US, covering a wide range of questions in agriculture and economic development, food marketing, and consumption. Food Economics and its accompanying online resources are designed for advanced undergraduate or introductory graduate courses in agriculture, food, and nutrition policy. The book covers the standard diagrams taught in principles-level courses, with concrete examples and practical insights regarding food production, consumption, and trade. Online resources include data sources, and course materials, including slides, exercises, exams, and answer keys. William A. Masters is Professor at Tufts University’s Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy with a secondary appointment in the Department of Economics. He is Fellow of the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA), International Fellow of the African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE), a former editor of Agricultural Economics, and a recipient of numerous awards for teaching, research, and policy analysis. Amelia B. Finaret is Associate Professor at Allegheny College, teaching in the Department of Global Health with a secondary appointment in the Business and Economics Department. She is also Honorary Lecturer for the University of Edinburgh’s Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems (GAAFS) and a practicing clinical dietitian at Titusville Area Hospital in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Finaret holds graduate degrees in agricultural and food economics, and she is a registered dietitian (RD) and licensed dietitian nutritionist (LDN). .
    Note: Open Access
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  • 13
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783031415500
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 317 p. 1 illus)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: GeoJournal Library 132
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human Geography ; Agriculture ; Quality of Life Research ; Urban Sociology ; Human geography ; Agriculture ; Quality of life ; Sociology, Urban
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 14
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (32 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Fiuratti, Frederico Are Regional Fiscal Multipliers on EU Structural and Investment Fund Spending Large? A Reassessment of the Evidence
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 Economic Recovery Package ; Environment ; EU Economies ; European Union ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Financial Crisis Management and Restructuring ; Fiscal Multiplier ; Green Issues ; Monetary Union ; Short-Term Regional Fiscal Stimulus ; Social Risk Management ; Sustainable Green Growth
    Abstract: The European Commission's "NextGenerationEU" COVID-19 recovery package has underscored interest in the size of regional fiscal multipliers in Europe. While the objective of these funds is the long-term transformation toward more sustainable green growth and digitalization in EU economies, several recent papers have also focused on their short-term stimulatory effects and have estimated large short-term regional multipliers on historical EU structural and investment fund spending. This has contributed to a view that EU funds can boost growth substantially not only in the long term, but also in the short term in countries receiving large flows, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper reevaluates the evidence by estimating regional short-term multipliers using recent data on EU fund spending and a leave-one-out predicted disbursement schedule instrument. In contrast with much of the recent literature, there is little evidence of large relative GDP multipliers at either the national or subnational level in the short term. This is despite a strong response of regional investment to EU funds, which often increases euro for euro. The results suggest that expectations should be tempered on using EU structural and investment funds as a tool for short-term regional fiscal stimulus, and instead policy makers may want to focus on the long-term benefits of EU funds, in line with their original purpose
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  • 15
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031152337
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Rethinking rural
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 306.36
    Keywords: Sociology of Work ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Agriculture ; Sociology ; Industrial sociology ; Environmental sciences / Social aspects ; Agriculture ; Sociology
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 16
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783031518126
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 160 p. 7 illus., 5 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Human Geography ; Economic Geography ; Agriculture ; Human geography ; Economic geography ; Agriculture
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 17
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783031507298
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 217 p. 25 illus., 18 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Sustainable Landscape Planning and Natural Resources Management, IEREK Interdisciplinary Series for Sustainable Development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Food Science ; Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Food science
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 18
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (48 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Wollburg, Philip The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New Evidence from Micro-Data
    Keywords: Agricultural Research ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Crop Agriculture Disaster Risk ; Disaster Loss and Damage ; Drought Losses ; Flood Loss ; Survey Data
    Abstract: Disasters affect millions of people each year and cause economic losses worth many billions of dollars globally. Reporting on disaster impacts in research, policy, and news primarily relies on macro statistics based on disaster inventories. The macro statistics suggest that a relatively small share of disaster damages accrues in Africa. This paper, instead, uses detailed survey micro-data from six African countries to quantify disaster damages in one key sector: crop agriculture. The micro-data reveals much higher damages and more people affected than the macro statistics would indicate. On average, 36 percent of the agricultural plots in the sample suffer crop losses due to adverse climatic events. In the countries and time period analyzed, these losses reduced total crop production by an average of 29 percent. Importantly, many of these losses are underreported or undetected in key disaster inventories and therefore elude macro statistics. In the case of droughts and floods, the economic losses recorded in the micro-data are USD 5.1 billion higher than in the macro statistics, affecting 145 million to 170 million people, more than four times as many as the macro statistics suggest. The difference stems mostly from smaller and less severe but frequent adverse events that are not recorded in disaster inventories
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  • 19
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Social Analysis
    Keywords: Access and Equity in Basic Education ; Access To Education ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impact ; Covid-19 Impact ; Education ; Food Security ; Health Service Management and Delivery ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Human Capital Accumulation and Utilization ; Inclusive Development ; Long-Term Economic Growth ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: This report is undertaken as a part of the Human Capital Project (HCP), a globalinitiative of the World Bank Group that aims to increase governments' awarenessof the importance of investing in people (World Bank date of publication not identifiedb). One of the maincomponents of the HCP is a cross-country metric--the Human Capital Index (HCI). The HCI estimates the amount of human capital a child born today can expect to accumulate by the age of 18, thus highlighting how current health and education outcomes shape the work productivity of the next generation. Moreover, given the cumulative nature of human capital, the HCI has clear milestones across the entire human life cycle: at birth, children need to survive; during childhood, they need to be well-nourished; at school age, they must complete all schooling and active adequate learning levels; and in adulthood, they need to stay in good health. Finally, the HCI includes a result: a score that ranges from 0 to 1. A country where an average child has virtually no risk of being stunted or dying before age five, receives high-quality education, and becomes a healthy adult, would have an HCI close to 1. Conversely, when the risk of being ill-nourished or prematurely dying is high, access to education is limited, and the quality of learning is low, the HCI would approach zero
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  • 20
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer International Publishing AG
    ISBN: 9783031152337 , 3031152336
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XX, 444 Seiten) , 21 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2024
    Series Statement: Rethinking Rural
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Becoming A Young Farmer
    DDC: 306.36
    Keywords: Industrial sociology ; Environmental sciences Social aspects ; Agriculture ; Sociology ; Sociology of Work ; Environmental Social Sciences ; Agriculture ; Sociology
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  • 21
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783031424946
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 283 p. 1 illus)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Climate Sciences ; Agriculture ; Human Geography ; Anthropology ; Sustainability ; Climatology ; Agriculture ; Human geography ; Anthropology
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 22
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789819907304
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XLV, 428 p. 101 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Food security. ; International trade. ; Agriculture
    Abstract: Part I. A new concept of food security -- 1. Post-Pandemic Changes in the World Pattern and Food Security -- 2. A New Concept of Food Security for Today’s World -- 3. Possible Recurrence of Food Crisis and Food Wars -- 4. Difficulties on the Road to Eradicating Hunger -- Part II. Global food security -- 5. Food Production: A 60-Year Review and 20-Year Outlook -- 6. Grain Consumption: A 60-Year Review and 20-Year Outlook -- 7. Grain Trade: A 60-Year Review and 20-Year Outlook -- 8. Production of the Livestock Sector: A 60-Year Review and Outlook -- 9. Trade in Livestock Products: A 60-Year Review and 20-Year Outlook -- 10. Basic Conclusions on Global Food Security -- Part III. China’s food security: history and experience -- 11. Remarkable History of China's Agriculture and Food Security -- 12. Milestones of Agriculture and Food Security in New China -- 13. Grain Production: 486% Increase in 70 Years -- 14. Grain Trade: 88-Fold Increase in 70 Years -- 15. Grain Consumption: 577% Increase in 70 Years -- Part IV. Food Security in China: Current Situation and Problems -- 16. Efficiency and Cost of Grain Production -- 17. Food Security in Various Provinces/Municipalities/Regions -- 18. Security Index of Major Crops -- 19. Status Quo and Problems of Food Security -- Part V. China’s Food Security: Strategies and Countermeasures -- 20. Grain Production and Demand Forecast -- 21. Strategies and Countermeasures for Food Security -- 22. Potential and Solutions to Food Security -- 23. Potential and Solutions for Major Grain-Producing Provinces -- 24. Resolute to Win the Food War.
    Abstract: This book makes a systematic study of the history, current situation and trend of China's food security and the global food security. COVID-19 has triggered a world food crisis. Understanding the history, current situation and trend of China's and global food security is conducive to the rational arrangement of agricultural production, food storage, scheduling and import by management departments; it is conducive to the understanding of the situation of food supply and demand; it is conducive to the rational arrangement of production and operation planning. This book systematically studies the history and experience of China's food security, analyzes the 9 major problems facing the current food security, calculates the potential food production, puts forward the strategies and countermeasures for food security in the next 20 years and puts forward 4 strategies and 8 countermeasures for ensuring food security. This book will be of great value to scholars of international relations and sinologists, and has special relevance to United Nations sustainable development goal 2, eliminating hunger. Hongguang Wang is Executive Director at Peking University’s China Center of strategy studies and Director in China Food Security Research Center at China Agricultural University.
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  • 23
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789811985744
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVI, 608 p. 60 illus., 42 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Russia—History. ; Europe, Eastern—History. ; Soviet Union—History. ; Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Asia—History. ; Russia ; Europe, Eastern ; Soviet Union ; Agriculture ; Asia
    Abstract: Chapter 1: Preface -- Chapter 2: Archival documents -- Chapter 3: Memories and interviews. Famine in the steppe -- Chapter 4: Migrant nomads -- Chapter 5. Special migrants.
    Abstract: The collection contains materials of archival documents and memoirs concerning the famine of 1931-1933 in Central Kazakhstan. Various documents from the archives reveal to the reader the most difficult period of the Soviet history of Kazakhstan, associated with the dispossession of the kulaks and debaiization of the Kazakh village and aul, Stalinist forced collectivization, forced sedentarization of nomadic Kazakh farms, large-scale cattle, meat and grain procurements, famine and epidemics in the republic. The publication introduces previously unpublished archival materials from the Central and regional archives of Kazakhstan into scientific circulation. In addition, the collection includes the memories of famine witnesses preserved by their descendants. The collection is addressed to researchers, students, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the history of Kazakhstan. Nurlan Dulatbekov has led a team of Kazakh historians in this archival research.
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  • 24
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9789811983689
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (xv, 261 Seiten)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: African histories and modernities
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Africa—Politics and government. ; Africa—Economic conditions. ; Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Economic development. ; Political planning. ; Africa ; Africa ; Agriculture ; Entwicklungshilfe ; Prinzip ; Politik ; Implementation ; Landwirtschaft ; Selbstverantwortung ; Stakeholder ; Kenia
    Abstract: 1.Introduction -- 2.Aid effectiveness, international policy transfer and development and post-development theory -- 3.Aid and agriculture sector in Kenya: a focus on major stakeholders -- 4.Aid effectiveness and Kenya’s agricultural policy and strategy-making processes -- 5.Aid effectiveness and perspectives and practices of donors -- 6.The aid effectiveness architecture and Kenya’s agriculture sector -- 7.Overall conclusions
    Abstract: This book analyses the diffusion and implementation of Aid Effectiveness Principles in Kenya’s agricultural sector. Although Aid Effectiveness Principles represent a significant step in aid and development discourse, studies on its implementation remain inadequate, especially in the African context. This book combines the perspectives of the Kenyan government, donor representatives and small-scale farmers. The discussion on Kenya brings in comparative perspectives and, therefore, would have broader relevance to the African region, in general. It highlights a disconnect between the government and farmers concerning the ownership concept, where farmers lack a voice in important policy matters. The book shows that donors have exploited the weaknesses in government responses to interpret The Principles in ways that suit their strategic interests. Consequently, the book argues that the diffusion of Aid Effectiveness Principles has taken the form of symbolic imitation – a form of policy diffusion where the policymakers choose policies for their symbolic value rather than their effectiveness. Dr Daniel Kipleel Borter is a development consultant interested in agricultural sector development in developing countries and previously worked for over 17 years in Kenya’s agricultural sector. Daniel holds PhD in the Anthropology of Development from University of Melbourne, with research interests in aid and development and development policy. He has researched the diffusion of global aid effectiveness policies in agriculture sector programmes in Kenya, donor practices and the aid effectiveness infrastructure. He has also taught development studies courses at Egerton University in Kenya and Australian Catholic University in Melbourne. Dr Nadeem Malik is a senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne. He served as Director of the Development Studies Program from 2009-2014 and is currently the Research Director of Anthropology and Development Studies. Before being an academic, he served in the development sector for around 20 years. His primary areas of specialization are Third World development, globalization, gender and development, governance, civil society and the state, decentralization or local governance, project and program management and monitoring and evaluation of development projects, anthropology of development, political anthropology and art/theatre and development.
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  • 25
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811964541
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVI, 320 p. 44 illus., 35 illus. in color.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Production management. ; Food security. ; Development economics. ; Sustainability. ; Agriculture ; Food Value Chains ; Agribusiness ; Sustainable Agriculture ; Food and Nutritional Security ; Agricultural Marketing ; Sustainable Value Chains ; Operation Sustainability ; SDGs Sustainable Development Goals ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: PART I: Sustainable Food Systems and Circular Economy: Tackling Resource Use, Efficiency, Food Loss and Waste Problems -- Chapter 1. Challenges and Prospects of Tackling Food Loss and Wastes in the Circular Economy Context -- Chapter 2. Tunnel farming as an adaptation tool for climate change among smallholders farmers in Nepal -- Chapter 3. Climate change and agro ecosystems in the hill and mountain regions of Northeast India -- Chapter 4. Circular Economy in Practice in Food Processing – business examples from Asia -- Chapter 5. Resource Efficiency for Sustainable Agriculture and Food in India: The Case of Food Loss Reduction -- PART II: Technology and Innovation for Food Value Chain Development -- Chapter 6. Chickpea Nutritional Status and Value Chain for sustainable development -- Chapter 7. Rice Value Chain in Tanzania- An Assessment to Improve Competitiveness and Sustainability -- Chapter 8. Development of Agricultural Value-Chains in Developing Economies: A Theoretical Framework -- Chapter 9. Role of Education in the Development of Sustainable Food Chain -- Chapter 10. Integrated Cluster Development Approach to foster inclusive growth and employment in Agri & Agro Processing Sector in India -- PART III: Towards Responsible Food Consumption -- Chapter 11. CSR as a tool for Responsible Food Consumption -- Chapter 12. Traditional Himalayan Food: An appropriate candidate for value chain establishment and addressing SDGs through niche products -- Chapter 13. Changing Food Consumption Pattern and its Implications on Achieving Zero Hunger in India -- Chapter 14. Strengthening the organic food value chain-the role of sharing economy -- PART IV: Linking Small Farmers to Markets: Markets, Institutions and Trade -- Chapter 15. Smallholder agriculture in developing and emerging economies: A Case of Srilanka -- Chapter 16. Linking Smallholder Farmers to Markets and the Implications for Social Entrepreneurship as a Model of Sustainable Development -- Chapter 17. Impact of Marketing Reforms on Farm-Market Linkages -- Chapter 18. India's Trade Structure, Performance and Competitiveness in Agriculture: What it holds for Expanding Trade and Strengthening Global Trade Linkages? -- Chapter 19. Examining the Marketing Structure of Non-timber Forest Products in India.
    Abstract: The book addresses the gap that exists in sustainable value chain development in the context of developing and emerging economies in meeting the sustainable development goals. The book adopts a holistic approach and discusses significant aspects of the topic such as challenges, opportunities, best practices, technology and innovation, business models, and policy formulation. The chapters focus on all the existing and potential actors in the value chain. Comprising invited chapters from leading researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and academicians working on this topic, this edited book is useful for scientists, researchers, students, research scholars, and practitioners as it builds the latest interdisciplinary knowledge in the area. An important aspect of the book is the case studies of already ongoing projects from various emerging economies around the world. Contributions are divided into four sections—sustainable food systems and circular economy: tackling resource use, efficiency, food loss, and waste problems; technology and innovation for food value chain development; toward responsible food consumption; linking small farmers to markets: markets, institutions, and trade. Significantly, the book is organized in the context of Sustainable Development Goals and has direct relevance and linkages with SDG 1 (poverty alleviation), SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 4 (quality education), SDG 5 (gender equality), SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production), SDG 13 (climate action), and SDG 17 (partnerships). .
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9783031472374
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 226 p. 113 illus., 100 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Proceedings in Energy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Power resources. ; Environmental economics. ; Renewable energy sources. ; Energy storage. ; Wind power. ; Sustainability. ; Adaptation ; Engineering ; Eco-friendly ; Agriculture ; Architecture ; Efficiency ; Renewable ; Energy ; Sustainability ; Waste ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: This book collates important contributions from Engineering to Adapt (ETA2023). Eta, η, the 7th letter of the Greek alphabet, is scrupulously used to denote efficiency and this is what ETA2023 strives for. In context, efficiency, η, is about avoiding waste, may this be energy, time, money, or material, in accomplishing something useful. As such, ETA2023 aims at bringing experts and future leaders together to forge more efficient ways to engineer and live. In other words, ETA2023 strives to synergise and catalyse all stakeholders, enthusiasts, and experts from academia, industry, policy arenas, and the general public, to formulate novel ways to improve tomorrow. This symposium will disseminate recent progress and promote collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative integrated solutions. Topics of interest include resource and energy efficiency, waste reduction, and eco-friendly agriculture, architecture, engineering, and living.
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  • 27
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789819932726
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 284 p. 38 illus., 13 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Studies in Economic History
    Uniform Title: Myanmā no taisei tenkan to nōson no shakai keizaishi
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Takahashi, Akio Regime Changes and Socio-economic History of Rural Myanmar, 1986-2019
    Keywords: Economic history. ; Agriculture ; Southeast Asia ; Myanmar economy ; De-agrarianisation ; Relatives of Place ; Failure of Collective (tight structured society) ; Burmese Way ; Myanmar villages
    Abstract: Introduction: The History of Myanmar's Political and Economic Systems and the Structure of This Book -- 1. Agricultural and Rural Policies amid Regime Changes -- 2. Agriculture and Rural Villages in the National Economy -- 3. A Socio-economic History of the Two Villages -- 4. Revitalising a Village through Buddhism: Thindaunggyi Village and Shwetheindaw Paya -- 5. Villagers on the Move: Mixed Multi-Ethnic Settlement in Zeepinwea Village -- 6. A Theory on Myanmar Village Society in Comparison with Japan and Thailand -- 7. A Myanmar Village is a Community of Life -- 8. Conclusions: Transformation and Stationary State of Village Socio-Economy in Myanmar.
    Abstract: This is the first book to depict the transformation and steadiness of Myanmar’s rural socio-economy from within the villages based on my own detailed research, in relation with the regime changes from Burmese Way to Socialism to military junta and to democratization from 1986 to 2019. The main subject of the transformation is “de-agrarianisation” including land use and holdings, household incomes, non-, migrations, power structure, village landscape, etc. And the principal theme of the steadiness is the “absence of village collective” which is the core of rural Myanmar, in contrast to village communities like Japan. This is the reason why Myanmar villagers have lived surprisingly bright, free and independent despite the oppressive political economy under the socialism and the military junta, and have not collectively participated in so-called community development. This book is the result of research conducted by visiting more than 200 villages and interviewing more than 10,000 people by myself in Myanmar language.
    Note: This book is an English translation of Myanmā no taisei tenkan to nōson no shakaikeizai-shi: 1986–2019 nen (Regime Change in Myanmar and the Socioeconomic History of Its Rural Areas: 1986-2019). The original book was published by the University of Tokyo Press in February 2021
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  • 28
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031418853
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXI, 174 p. 23 illus., 22 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Development economics. ; Technology ; Information technology. ; Agriculture ; Wireless communication systems. ; Mobile communication systems. ; Stagnant economic growth ; Climate volatility ; Poverty ; Communication device ; Financial service device ; Digitized development ; Agriculture and trade ; Education ; Health sector ; Social protection ; Politics
    Abstract: 1. Where there is no phone -- 2. The Economics of the Phone -- 3. Digitizing Development -- 4. Living up to the Hype? -- 5. Rethinking ICT4D? -- 6. Conclusion.
    Abstract: "A must read for any development policy maker or practitioner especially if they are thinking about how and where digital technologies can add value and improve the livelihoods of the poor…Most important of all…(they) provide a framework to think about when and how digital is the solution." —Tavneet Suri, Louis E. Seley, Professor of Applied Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology " I strongly recommend this book to all researchers and students interested in this area." —Yaw Nyarko, Professor of Economics and Director of NYU Africa House, Center for Technology and Economic Development, New York University "This is a very important book about a technology that has transformed all of our lives along multiple dimensions—mobile phones. This book cuts through the hype and hyperbole, and it provides a meaningful and theory-informed treatment of how information technology is shaping economic development in low-income countries—as a communication device and a financial service device." —Erwin Bulte, Professor of Development Economics, Wageningen University This book focuses on the impact of information technology on the lives and livelihoods of rural households in sub-Saharan Africa, where simple mobile phones have leapfrogged traditional communication and financial technologies, and thus, arguably, offer some of the greatest potential for development. Drawing on primary and secondary research from a variety of disciplines, the authors examine the evolution of mobile phone coverage and adoption in sub-Saharan Africa over the past two decades, before exploring the main channels through which mobile phones can affect development. They then review initiatives on “digitizing development” and evaluate empirical evidence on their impact. The book argues that digital has yet to live up to the hype, ending with a set of questions that stakeholders should ask (and answer) when using digital technology for promoting development. Jenny C. Aker is Professor of Development Economics at the Fletcher School and the Department of Economics at Tufts University, Non-Resident Fellow at the Center for Global Development, Senior Researcher at Wageningen University, and co-Chair on “Digital Trust” at the Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International (FERDI). Joël Cariolle is Research Officer at the FERDI (France) and Associate Researcher at the CERDI – University Clermont-Auvergne. He conducts research on digitalization and development, and he contributes to the FERDI “Digital Trust” Chairs.
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9783031248238
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VII, 249 p. 32 illus.)
    Series Statement: Natural Resource Management and Policy 57
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Environmental economics. ; Power resources. ; agricultural economics ; food production ; conservation ; biodiversity ; forestry economics ; recycling ; sustainability ; fisheries management ; Festschrift ; Konferenzschrift
    Abstract: Introduction -- Part 1: Forestry -- Peter Berck’s Contributions to Forestry Economics -- Integrated Management of Bark Beetles: Economic Contributions of Peter Berck and Foundational Entomological Research -- A Green Revolution in the Woods: The Potential of Eucalyptus Plantations -- Hedging with a Housing Starts Futures Contract -- Part 2: Agriculture and Fisheries -- The Future of Agriculture -- How Is Farm Income Affected When Each Farm Has to Produce Its Own Animal Feed? -- Estimating Agricultural Acreage Responses to Input Prices: Groundwater in California -- Fisheries Management Implications of Intrinsic Under-identification of Growth Equation Parameters -- Efficiency Controls and the Captured Fisheries Regulator -- Part 3: Conservation and Development -- Peter Berck’s contribution to the Environment for Development Initiative -- Environmental Attitudes in Developing Countries -- Armed Conflict Increases Elephant Poaching -- Bioprospecting and Biodiversity Conservation: What Happens When Discoveries Are Made? -- Part 4: Public Economics -- A Public Economist at a Public University -- Peter Berck’s Impacts on Gender Equity in Environmental Economics -- Towards Understanding California's Recycling Opportunities -- So You Want to Be Relevant -- Challenging Conventional Wisdom in Defense and National Security -- The Red Queen.
    Abstract: This is an open access book. This edited volume discusses topics in environmental economics with a focus on sustainability, conservation, and responsible resource management. Written in memory of Peter Berck, Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of California, Berkeley, the chapters expand upon his insights about the connections between human activities and the natural world. The volume includes a selection of research on agriculture, energy, forestry, fisheries, land use, recycling, and conservation – all parts of the broad question of how natural resources can meet human needs while avoiding environmental degradation. Written from a 21st century perspective, with concerns about climate, renewable energy, biodiversity, and sustainable development, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students of agricultural and resource economics.
    Note: "BERCKonomics (Bonding over Environment, Resources, Coffee, and Kindness) was coined in time for him to appreciate it. The BERCKonomics conference was held on August 23-24, 2019, a year after Peter's death, on his beloved Berkeley campus. Several of the chapters in this volume were presented at the conference." - Seite v , Open Access
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  • 30
    ISBN: 9783031298530 , 3031298535
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXIV, 444 Seiten) , 1 illus.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Series Statement: Environment & Policy 64
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Sustainability Challenges of Brazilian Agriculture
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Environmental policy ; Agriculture ; Environmental management ; Biodiversity ; Sustainability ; Environmental Policy ; Agriculture ; Environmental Management ; Biodiversity
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 31
    ISBN: 9783031214721
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 315 p. 59 illus., 53 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    Parallel Title: Printed edition
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Environmental health
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 32
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031232572
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 379 p. 33 illus., 27 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Springer Studies in Alternative Economics
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Schools of economics. ; Power resources. ; Economic development. ; Economics. ; Development economics. ; Economic policy. ; Inequality ; Economic crisis ; Climate change ; Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Green new deal ; Resource depletion ; Health crisis ; Pandemic ; Covid-19 ; Great reset ; Degrowth ; Industrial policy ; Smart cities ; Finance-driven capitalism ; Income poverty ; Artificial intelligence ; Technological change ; Solidarity economy ; Inclusive economy ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Economic Development ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / General ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / General ; BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Economics / Theory ; Development economics & emerging economies ; Economic growth ; Economic theory & philosophy ; Energiewirtschaft und Versorgungsunternehmen ; Entwicklungsökonomie und Schwellenländer ; Environmental economics ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Economic Conditions ; POLITICAL SCIENCE / Public Policy / Economic Policy ; Political economy ; Wirtschaftspolitik, politische Ökonomie ; Wirtschaftstheorie und -philosophie ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Part I. Current Problems of the World Economy -- Chapter 1. End of Endless Growth Regime: Accumulation and Technology -- Chapter 2. Energy, Economic Growth, and Ecological Collapse -- Chapter 3. Agriculture and Food Problems and Solutions: Challenges and Capacity of the Capitalist System in the 21st Century -- Chapter 4. Financialization and Finance-Driven Capitalism -- Chapter 5. Income Inequality, Household Debt, and Financial Crises -- Chapter 6. Health Crisis, Income Poverty and Public Policies in the World -- Chapter 7. Trade Wars and the Changing Balance of Power -- Chapter 8. On Economic Security and the Political Economy of Neocolonialist Capitalism: The Case of France and Niger’s Uranium Resources -- Chapter 9. Political Crises of Capitalism -- Part II. Quest for Rebuilding the Capitalism -- Chapter 10. Artificial Intelligence, Technological Change, and the Future of Capitalism -- Chapter 11. Endless Growth Regime: The Role of Elasticity of Substitution and Extraordinary Economy Policies -- Chapter 12. Covid-19: An Assessment in the Context of its Economic Impacts and Market-State Relationship -- Chapter 13. Great Reset -- Chapter 14. Degrowth Strategy to Sustain the Capitalist System -- Chapter 15. Can Green Deals Save Capitalism from Ecological Collapse? -- Chapter 16. Green Technology and Smart Solutions for Capitalist Cities in the 21st Century -- Chapter 17. Solidarity Economy.
    Abstract: As the current capitalist system has been increasingly struggling to respond to the problems and uncertainties in the global economy, this book aims to identify the main economic, social, and ecological problems and discusses solutions for a more inclusive and sustainable economic system. Written by an international selection of contributors, it takes a wider perspective beyond classical orthodox economics. By doing so, this book covers a wide range of topics, such as global warming and climate change, food and energy scarcity, rising inequality and debt issues, health, ecological, economic, and political crises, degrowth, green new deals, solidarity, economy, artificial intelligence, technological change, smart solutions, and smart cities. Discussing these topics, the book presents answers to the question of whether the current capitalist system is viable and provides suggestions for a fair, inclusive, and modern economic system. Taking a comprehensive approach, the book will appeal to students, scholars, and researchers of heterodox and alternative economics.
    URL: Cover
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9783031279188
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 105 p. 31 illus., 22 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Contributions to Finance and Accounting
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Industrial management—Environmental aspects. ; Valuation. ; Industries. ; Industrial management ; Agriculture ; Agricultural Finance ; Smart Cities ; Agro-ecological Transitions ; Agri-Tech ; Agriculture Business ; Sustainable Farming ; Innovation ; Agribusiness Industry ; Agriculture Investors ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Introduction -- Chapter 1. Megatrends affecting agribusiness: from challenges to opportunities -- Chapter 2. Innovation trends in the agribusiness supply chain -- Chapter 3. Agriculture as an asset class in the alternative investments space -- Conclusions.
    Abstract: Under the pressure of climate and social changes, agriculture is called to play a fundamental role in the world food challenge of the next few decades. A severe reduction of arable land and water scarcity combined with a growing food demand, changes in the dietary preferences in many countries and, more recently, a growing threat to food security and logistics from supply chains interruptions and global trade fragmentation, all require the implementation of processes, techniques, and innovations able to increase productivity and make a better use of scarce resources. Against this backdrop, a growing number of investors and asset managers have started looking at agriculture as an interesting investment theme to exploit the long-term strategic opportunities emerging from technological innovation and social changes. The industry is undergoing a process of transformation driven, on the one hand, by the emergence of new data and technologies that promise enhancing process efficiency and improve yields and, on the other hand, by an increased attention on the GHG emissions of agricultural processes and the impact of farmland on climate change, water and land scarcity. All these factors call for a radical rethinking of many agriculture business models. This book provides a detailed overview and analysis of those new technologies with the greatest potential to disrupt agriculture products and processes by improving productivity and the management of food loss and waste, making a more efficient and sustainable use of resources and enhancing food security. Then, it discusses the implications for investors and asset managers, starting with an assessment of the status quo of agriculture investing and providing a thorough description of the agriculture asset class with an emphasis on its distinctive characteristics and the innovations in the technological processes used in agriculture and farming with the greatest potential to obtain long-term sustainable returns.
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  • 34
    ISBN: 9783031385896
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XXVII, 468 p. 107 illus., 104 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Palgrave Studies in Economic History
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Economic history. ; Agriculture ; Power resources. ; Environmental economics. ; Latin America ; Economic development. ; Brazil ; traditional crops ; climate change ; Brazilian economic development ; agricultural modernization ; agribusiness ; forestry ; pastoral industries ; cattle ranching ; crops ; agricultural exports ; history of Brazilian agriculture ; coffee industry ; cellulose
    Abstract: 1. Introduction -- 2. The Modernization of Brazilian Agriculture Since 1950 -- 3. The changing structure of Brazilian Agriculture 1920-2017 -- 4. Soybeans -- 5. Maize -- 6. Cotton -- 7. Orange Juice -- 8. Sugar and Ethanol -- 9. Coffee -- 10. Cellulose Industry -- 11. Cattle -- 12. Chickens and Swine -- 13. Sustainability -- 14. Conclusion.
    Abstract: This book comprehensively examines the development of Brazilian agriculture by focusing on the crops which evolved from national products to international commodities on a massive scale. It traces the transformation of Brazil from a country with low-yield levels in 1950 to its current position as a leading world producer. The first section of the book examines the modernization of Brazilian agriculture through a government programme which transformed traditional agriculture through subsidized credit, guaranteed prices, stock purchases, land utilization laws, modern research, new technology and major support for exports. It also explores the changing structures of agricultural production and farm ownership over time, analysing national censuses from 1920 to 2017 to illustrate the increasing efficiency of Brazil’s agricultural workers. The book then discusses the history and evolution of the major Brazilian crops in detail, starting with the newer export crops such as soybeans, maize and cotton, before focusing on the traditional sugar and coffee industries. The final section of the book examines two other major areas of agroindustry: forestry and the evolution of the pastoral industries, as well as the growth of a meat exporting sector. The authors also explore questions of sustainability in the context of today’s climate challenges, and the role of Brazilian agriculture in the world market going forward. This wide-ranging study will be of interest to a range of academics, including those working in agricultural economics, economic history, the history of Latin America and the history of agriculture more broadly. Herbert S. Klein is Gouverneur Morris Emeritus Professor of History at Columbia University, and was formerly Professor of History and Director of the Center for Latin American studies at Stanford University (2005-2011). Currently he is Latin American Curator and Research Fellow at the Hoover Institute at Stanford University. Aside from his earlier work on the Atlantic Slave Trade and African Slavery in the Americas, and Spanish Royal Finance he has published extensively on Bolivian and United States history. Francisco Vidal Luna holds a Phd in Economics from the Universidade de São Paulo and was a professor in the Faculdade de Economia e Administração (FEA) of USP from 1973 to 1997. He has also served as the Secretary of Planning in both the State government of São Paulo, and in the city government of São Paulo and was Secretary of Economics in the Planning Ministry of the Federal Government.
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  • 35
    ISBN: 9783031235115
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XVI, 151 p. 16 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Economic policy. ; Economic development. ; Agriculture ; Food security for sustainable development ; Advanced digital technologies in agriculture ; "Smart" agriculture based on AI and deep learning ; Agriculture 4.0 based on AI and deep learning ; Transition from digital agriculture to Agriculture 4.0 ; Automation of agriculture based on AI and deep learning ; Global priorities of the provision of food security ; Agricultural development scenarios in the economy of the future ; Policy implications for the management of food security ; Fighting global hunger with Agriculture 4.0 ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: Part 1. Digital Agriculture and New Opportunities for Providing Food Security in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution -- Chapter 1: Strategic Directions for Smart Agriculture Based on Deep Learning for Future Risk Management of Food Security. By Elena G. Popkova, Tatiana N. Litvinova, Olga M. Zemskova, Mariya F. Serebryakova and Anna A. Karpova -- Chapter 2: Food and Water Security of the Middle East (the Case of Egypt). By Denis A. Mirgorod, Gennadii V. Kosov, Elena A. Soloveva, Alihan M. Israilov and Alexander A. Pohilko -- Chapter 3: Best Practices and the Digital Model of Agricultural Development in Developed and Developing Countries. By Elena V. Sofiina, Irina V. Milchik, Igor V. Denisov and Nadezhda K. Savelyeva -- Chapter 4: Monitoring the Compliance of Today’s Agriculture with Food Security Needs for Sustainable Development. By Elena A. Bratukhina, Berik T. Beisengaliyev, Anastasia A. Sozinova and Ksenia V. Borzenko -- Chapter 5: Green Finance: Analysis of Prospects of the Russian Market. By Olga G. Kantor, Yuliya R. Rudneva, Dmitriy Yu. Dunov, Shakhlo T. Ergasheva and Boris M. Leybert -- Part 2. Prospects for Food Security of the Future Economy in the Transition to Agriculture 4.0 Based on Deep Learning -- Chapter 6: Food Security in the Digital Economy: Traditional Agriculture vs. Smart Agriculture Based on Artificial Intelligence. By Aleksei V. Bogoviz, Vladimir S. Osipov, Tatiana M. Vorozheykina, Veronika V. Yankovskaya and Igor Yu. Sklyarov -- Chapter 7: Transition from Digital Agriculture to Agriculture 4.0 as the Most Promising Scenario for Ensuring Future Food Security. By Mikhail S. Kyzyurov, Ayapbergen A. Taubayev, Larissa P. Steblyakova and Larisa V. Shabaltina -- Chapter 8: A New Level of Food Security as a Result of the Transition of Food-Importing Countries to Agriculture 4.0 based on Deep Learning. By Anastasia A. Sozinova, Aigul S. Daribekova, Irina P. Lapteva and Maria V. Makarova -- Chapter 9: Risks of Agricultural Economy and Climate Risk Management for Enterprises of Agriculture 4.0 based on Deep Learning. By Tatiana N. Litvinova -- Chapter 10: Prospects for Using Investment by Agricultural Cooperatives of Kyrgyzstan in the Regional Economy of Central Asia. By Kalil D. Dzhumabayev, Alymkul K. Dzhumabayev, Shukurali A. Jamalov, Elmira K. Kydykbaeva and Taalaigul Azamat kyzy -- Part 3. Applied Recommendations for Shaping Agriculture 4.0 based on Deep Learning to Ensure the Food Security of the Economy of the Future -- Chapter 11: Advanced Digital Technology in Agriculture and its Contribution to Food Security. By Elena V. Karanina, Elena A. Vechkinzova, Yuliya A. Kopytina and Nurlybek T. Malelov -- Chapter 12: Roadmap for the Transition from Digital Agriculture to Agriculture 4.0 based on Deep Learning in the Economy of the Future by 2030. By Nazgul S. Daribekova, Marina A. Sanovich, Nadezhda K. Savelyeva, Tatiana A. Dugina and Anastasia I. Smetanina -- Chapter 13: Automation of Agriculture Based on Deep Learning: Modeling and Management to Improve Quality and Efficiency. By Natalia V. Przhedetskaya, Eleonora V. Nagovitsyna, Victoria Yu. Przhedetskaya and Ksenia V. Borzenko -- Chapter 14: Responsible Production and Consumption in Agriculture 4.0 based on Deep Learning for Sustainable Development. By Yerlan B. Zhailauov, Natalia V. Przhedetskaya and Vasiliy I. Bespyatykh.
    Abstract: This book explores issues of agricultural development and the provision of food security, providing a core framework and recommendations for implementing sustainable development goals in these areas. Focused on the period up to 2030 to match the timeline of the SDGs, the book surveys the current landscape and the prospects for agricultural development, demonstrating how Agriculture 4.0 based on AI and deep learning must follow from digitalization as the next step to ensuring food security. It brings together research based on analytical and statistical data, including the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Report and the Food Security Report from the Economist Intelligence Unit, and reliable mathematical tools including correlation and regression analysis, forecasting with histogramming, probability estimates, and the simplex method, as well as Game Theory methodology and the hierarchical procedure method of Thomas Lorie Saaty to forecast international scenarios for food security in the future economy. Containing theoretical and practical insights, the book will be of interest to those studying agricultural economics, the digital economy, and concepts of Agriculture 4.0 and Industry 4.0. Elena G. Popkova is a Leading Researcher at Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University), and the President of the Institute of Scientific Communications, Russia. Bruno S. Sergi is an Instructor at Harvard University, USA. He is also an Associate of the Harvard's Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. He teaches Political Economy and International Finance at the University of Messina, Italy.
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  • 36
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden | Wiesbaden : Imprint: Springer Gabler
    ISBN: 9783658384678
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XIV, 360 p. 1 illus.)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Economic policy of the People's Republic of China
    RVK:
    Keywords: Social sciences—Mathematics. ; Social sciences ; China ; Economy ; Economic policy ; People's Republic of China ; Economic Models ; Environment ; Digitization ; Company forms ; Labour market ; Industries ; Energy generation ; Waste Management ; Foreign Trade ; Economic development ; Real estate market ; Agriculture ; Start-ups ; Reform discussion ; Trade conflicts ; PRC ; China ; Wirtschaftspolitik
    Abstract: Data validity -- Economic development since 1949 -- State structure -- Economic policy objectives and discourses -- State-owned enterprises -- Private enterprises -- Luxury consumption -- Labour market -- E-commerce -- Fiscal and financial policy -- Agricultural policy and food supply -- Environmental policy -- Energy policy -- Foreign trade. .
    Abstract: This book deals with the current economic policy of the People's Republic of China. In addition to a brief overview of the economic history since the founding and the economic models, an overview of both the forms of enterprises and the Chinese labor market is given. The book pays particular attention to the development of China's e-commerce sector. Equally significant are China's environmental issues against the backdrop of the climate crisis. Without innovations, for example in energy production and waste management, the Chinese economy will hardly be able to continue growing. Therefore, one focus of the book is on environmental economic policy. Finally, foreign policy, including the Silk Road Initiative, is examined. The aim of this book is to highlight the above developments. It is aimed at practitioners involved in China business as well as first-year students who want an overview of economic policy institutions and current developments. The content State structure and actors of the economy Current economic development Labour market E-commerce Food, environment and energy policy International Relations The Editor Barbara Darimont is Professor of China Economics at the East Asia Institute of the Ludwigshafen University of Applied Sciences. Before that, she worked for ten years at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law in Munich, where she set up the China Department with renowned Chinese institutions. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
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  • 37
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9783031195273
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (IX, 188 p. 24 illus., 22 illus. in color.)
    Series Statement: Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Africa—Economic conditions. ; Development economics. ; Agriculture ; Africa ; Policy Platonicity ; Agriculture in Africa ; Agri-Food deepening ; Climate change and agriculture ; Sustainable food ; Nutrition security ; African Union Commission Strategic Food crops ; Agricultural growth ; Maize farmers ; Farm management ; Smallholder farmers ; Agri-Food policy in Africa ; Aufsatzsammlung
    Abstract: 1. The Introduction: Pandemic Preparedness and A-Platonic Policies for Transforming Africa’s Agri-food Systems -- 2. Technical Efficiency and Poultry Farming in Nigeria -- 3. Economics of Sesame Marketing in Nigeria -- 4.Analysis of Smallholder Maize Farmer’s Technical Efficiency and Farm Management Practices in the West Region of Cameroon -- 5. Structure, Conduct, and Performance of Tomato Retailers in Abeokuta South, Ogun State, Nigeria -- 6. Determinants of Credit Accessibility and Performance of Smallholder Rice Farmers: A Case of the West Region of Cameroon -- 7. Cereal Crops Yield, Food Security and Agricultural Growth in Nigeria: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach -- 8. Climate Variability and Arabica Coffee Production in Uganda -- 9. Effect of Private Investment and Exchange Rate on Groundnut Production in Nigeria: 1980–2016 -- 10. Climate Change and Agricultural Output: The Need for Policy -- 11. A Vector Error Correction Model Approach to Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Growth in Nigeria Under the Period of Uninterrupted Democracy (1999–2020) -- 12. Public External Debt, Domestic Private Investment, and Agricultural Output Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria -- 13. Conclusion: Agri-food Deepening, Sustainable Development Planning, and Policy Platonicity.
    Abstract: This book offers new insights into the ongoing agricultural transformation in Africa. Presenting case studies, macro-level simulations, and relevant surveys, it analyzes food crops and agri-food policy challenges and their implications in various African countries. In addition, it discusses how current African agri-food policies could be improved to achieve the continental vision of sustainable development in light of the African Union’s Agenda 2063. The respective contributions address topics such as drivers of technical efficiency among smallholder maize farmers; farm management practices; agri-food infrastructure policies; food security; agricultural growth; and financing for and investment in agricultural production. Accordingly, the book appeals to scholars of economics and agricultural studies and to anyone interested in the agricultural transformation of Africa. .
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  • 38
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (52 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nguyen Huy, Tung Combatting Forest Fires in the Drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Burkina Faso
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Deforestation ; Drylands Fire Prevention ; Environment ; Fire Reduction Case Study ; Forest Conservation ; Forest Fire ; Forestry Management ; Synthetic Control Method
    Abstract: Forest fires are among the main drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper uses remote sensing data on forest fires and remaining tree cover to estimate the effectiveness of a project targeted at reducing fire incidences in twelve protected forests in arid Burkina Faso. The project consisted of two components that were implemented in the villages surrounding the target forests: a campaign aimed at raising community awareness about the detrimental effects of forest fires, and a program to support establishing and maintaining forest fire prevention infrastructures. Using the Synthetic Control Method the paper finds that the project resulted in a 35% reduction in forest fire occurrences in the period of the year when they tend to be most prevalent -in November, at the very end of the agricultural season. However, this impact is short-lived (as the reduction only occurred in the first four years of the program). The reduction in forest fires also did not result in a detectable increase in vegetation cover-because the reduction in November was not sufficiently large to be captured via remote sensing, or because the duration of the reduction was too short for the vegetation to recover. The paper then tries to uncover the underlying mechanisms to shed light on which of the project's components were effective and to also learn how the program can be improved
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  • 39
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Milivojevic, Lazar Natural Disasters and Fiscal Drought
    Keywords: Agricultural Impact ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate-Fiscal Nexus ; Fiscal Sustainability ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Disasters ; Structural Resilience
    Abstract: This paper examines to what extent slowdowns in economic growth after natural disasters are accompanied by widening fiscal deficits and corresponding pressures on public debt. Empirical analysis based on exogenous measures of physical disaster intensity shows that natural disasters lead not only to output losses but also to further deterioration of countries' fiscal positions. The effects are persistent and driven by developments in emerging markets and developing economies. A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is used to show the propagation mechanism of an extreme event that affects agricultural productivity. The model features farmers endowed with land with time-varying productivity subject to economic and weather conditions. Simulation results illustrate the climate-fiscal nexus existence and highlight the role of structural resilience in limiting the impact of natural disasters
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  • 40
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Gender Innovation Lab Federation Causal Evidence Series
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Cash Crop Production ; Digital Technologies ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Economics ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; New Markets ; Women Farmers
    Abstract: Gender productivity gaps in agriculture are large around the world, even though women comprise 40-50 percent of the agricultural labor force in developing countries. Gender differences in agricultural productivity can be as high as 66 percent and can cost countries up to USD 105 million annually. Women farmers tend to produce lower output per unit of land than men farmers because of gender-specific constraints, such as unequal access to farm labor, agricultural inputs, lower literacy, childcare responsibilities, limited involvement in cash crop production, and lower participation in farmers' groups. Women farmers are concentrated in the lower levels of agricultural value chains and are less likely to be active in commercial farming than men. Restrictive gender norms underlie occupational sex segregation in agriculture, leading women to concentrate in low-value crops. Research by the Africa GIL indicates that when women manage cash crop plots-and have access to the same inputs and resources as men-they are able to be as productive as their male counterparts. The GIL Federation is generating rigorous evidence around the world to understand what works, and what does not, in narrowing gender productivity gaps and helping farmers reach their potential. This note presents evidence on three key findings based on impact evaluations
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  • 41
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kassa, Woubet Food Insecurity Erodes Trust
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Experiential Measures of Food Insecurity ; Food Insecurity ; Food Insecurity Experience Scale ; Food Security ; Gallup World Poll ; Governance ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Social Contract ; Trust
    Abstract: This study examines the relationship between food insecurity and trust using the 2014-17 waves of the Gallup World Poll and the Food and Agriculture Organization's Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Trust improves public institutions, social capital, public health interventions, and economic development. Vertical trust is represented as an index of trust in national institutions, while horizontal trust is represented as a measure of trust in friends and family. The findings show that food insecurity is associated with a decrease in both measures of trust. The study further document heterogeneous effects of food insecurity across economic development rankings. The results suggest a need for governments to increase food security to bolster public trust, strengthen the social contract, and enhance the effectiveness of development efforts
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  • 42
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Financing ; Green Growth ; Policy Implementation
    Abstract: This report focuses on the agri-food sector in North Macedonia and investigates the potential and necessary actions for adopting a green growth trajectory. Agri-food is a key sector in need of transformation to achieve green growth in the country. The sector has great economic importance, and it is vulnerable to climate change and other environmental risks, which will compound current sector inefficiencies, including declining competitiveness. This report aims to assess: (i) the actions needed to re-focus agricultural support priorities in a manner that reflects green growth ambitions; (ii) policy financing implications; and (iii) the availability and capacity of effective policy implementation mechanisms. Finally, the potential impacts of greening agriculture support on farm efficiency are assessed and discussed
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  • 43
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (23 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Nguyen, Linh The Effect of Agricultural Input Subsidies on Productivity: A Meta-Analysis
    Keywords: Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Research ; Agricultural Subsidies ; Agriculture ; FARM Income ; Improvedruralliving Standards ; Subsidized Fertilizer and Agricultural Yield ; Systematic Agriculture Subsidy Review
    Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the effect of agricultural input subsidies in developing countries on yield and income, using a meta-analysis. From three databases, the analysis identifies 12 studies with 32 estimated effects on yield and 23 estimated effects on income. The findings show that programs that provide subsidized fertilizer and improved seeds are associated with average increases of 18 percent in yields and 16 percent in farming household incomes. These findings suggest that agricultural subsidies can lead to increased yields and contribute to improved living standards
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  • 44
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dasgupta, Susmita Identifying and Monitoring Priority Areas for Methane Emissions Reduction
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture Methane Pollution ; Environment ; Environmental Case Study ; Global Methane Pledge ; Methane Emission Reduction ; Oil Production Pollution ; Pollution Management and Control ; Rice Production Methane ; Satellite Methane Data
    Abstract: This paper identifies high-priority areas for methane emissions reduction and estimates recent emissions changes in those areas using atmospheric concentration data from the European Space Agency's Sentinel-5P satellite platform. The modeling approach is illustrated with three case studies: landfills in Spain (Madrid), irrigated rice production in India (Karnal district, Haryana state), and oil production in Iraq (Al Amarah district, Maysan governorate). For each case, the paper estimates two change models by fixed effects: the monthly trend in methane concentration from January 2019 to November 2022, and the difference between mean concentration in 2022 and the previous three years. The paper estimates the change models for 775 high-priority areas and finds that cases with decreasing methane emissions are outnumbered four to one by cases with increasing emissions. The paper also analyzes trends in high-priority areas for seven major methane source sectors (agricultural soils, livestock, gas, oil, coal, landfills, and wastewater) and finds only two where emissions decreases outnumber increases (gas and oil). Among World Bank income groups, decreases outnumber increases in high-income economies but increases are hugely dominant in the other three groups. The paper concludes with a presentation of summary emissions trend reports for all 775 high-priority areas, with accompanying maps and an Excel file. As satellite-based monitoring becomes more widely employed, such reports will provide a useful template for judging further progress toward fulfillment of the Global Methane Pledge
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  • 45
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (35 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ebadi, Ebad Fit for (Re)Purpose? A New Look at the Spatial Distribution of Agricultural Subsidies
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture Subsidy ; Distribution ; Environmental Degradation ; Fertilizer ; Inequality ; Nitrogen Pollution
    Abstract: Agricultural subsidies make up a large share of public budgets, exceeding 40 percent of total agricultural production value in some countries. Subsidies are often important components of government strategies to raise agricultural productivity, support agricultural households, and promote food security. They do so by reducing production costs, promoting the use of inputs or modern farming techniques, encouraging the production of certain crops, and raising household incomes. Given the magnitude of these subsidies, their distributional implications and the externalities they impose on the environment are of significant consequence. This paper uses a new spatial analysis to explore the distributional implications of agricultural output subsidies across 16 countries/regions and the distributional and select environmental implications of input subsidies across 23 countries/regions. The findings show that, relative to the spatial distribution of income, both types of subsidy are distributionally mixed. Output subsidies are relatively progressive in 10 countries/regions and regressive in six, while input subsidies are relatively progressive in 11 countries/regions, regressive in nine, and neutral in three. The results also show that input subsidy schemes significantly increase fertilizer use, particularly in richer regions within countries, leading to soil saturation of nitrogen, an indicator of accelerated environmental degradation
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  • 46
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (54 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dizon, Felipe Water Constraints to Agricultural Productivity in Bhutan
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agriculture ; Agriculture Census Data ; Agriculture Productivity ; Agriculture Research ; Farming Science ; Irrigation ; Irrigaton and Crop Yield
    Abstract: This paper uses two years of agriculture census data to build a panel dataset that consists of all the small towns in Bhutan. This dataset is used to estimate the impact of irrigation gaps and drought on the yields of paddy, maize, and other crops. The paper compares the estimated impacts from a panel fixed effects model and a spatial first differences model. The findings show that irrigation gaps reduce paddy yields and droughts reduce maize yields. Estimates from the spatial first differences model are found to be consistent relative to those from the panel fixed effects model. The paper further finds that water constraints reduce yields of vegetable crops, and other constraints, such as labor shortages, wild animals, insects, and diseases, also reduce the yields of cereal crops
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  • 47
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (36 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Andree, Bo Pieter Johannes Machine Learning Imputation of High Frequency Price Surveys in Papua New Guinea
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture and Food Security ; Economic Shocks ; Economic Theory and Research ; Food Prices ; Inflation ; Machine Learning Advances ; Macroeconomic Monitoring ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: Capabilities to track fast-moving economic developments re-main limited in many regions of the developing world. This complicates prioritizing policies aimed at supporting vulnerable populations. To gain insight into the evolution of fluid events in a data scarce context, this paper explores the ability of recent machine-learning advances to produce continuous data in near-real-time by imputing multiple entries in ongoing surveys. The paper attempts to track inflation in fresh produce prices at the local market level in Papua New Guinea, relying only on incomplete and intermittent survey data. This application is made challenging by high intra-month price volatility, low cross-market price correlations, and weak price trends. The modeling approach uses chained equations to produce an ensemble prediction for multiple price quotes simultaneously. The paper runs cross-validation of the prediction strategy under different designs in terms of markets, foods, and time periods covered. The results show that when the survey is well-designed, imputations can achieve accuracy that is attractive when compared to costly-and logistically often infeasible-direct measurement. The methods have wider applicability and could help to fill crucial data gaps in data scarce regions such as the Pacific Islands, especially in conjunction with specifically designed continuous surveys
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  • 48
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2114
    Keywords: Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Energy ; Environment ; Green Infrastructure ; Hydro Power ; Landscape Restoration ; Sustainable Land Management ; Vakhsh River ; Water
    Abstract: This report outlines the main results of a study conducted to assess the potential role of landscape restoration/nature-based solutions/green infrastructure in the Vakhsh River Basin, Tajikistan, to reduce the impacts of soil erosion on the hydropower cascade, increase agricultural productivity, improve livelihoods, and inform about investment opportunities. This assessment finds sediment sources and loadings in the Vakhsh River Basin, considers the potential correlation between soil erosion and sedimentation in hydropower reservoirs, proposes possible and cost-effective landscape restoration measures, and estimates the value of ecosystem services provided. The study also presents recommendations for implementing the proposed interventions for the Vakhsh River Basin and for scaling up to other degraded areas throughout the country
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  • 49
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (40 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Englander, Gabriel The Value of Information in a Congested Fishery
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Competitiveness and Competition Policy ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Fishery Congestion ; Fishery Profits ; Fishing Data ; Fishing Efficiency ; Fishing Industry ; Industry ; Peruvian Anchoveta ; Private Sector Development ; Value of Information
    Abstract: Congestion can reduce the value of a fishery, resulting in a lower total catch for the same amount of labor, fuel, and equipment expended in fishing activities. Absent the congestion externality, better information about the location and size of fish stocks enables fishers to make more efficient decisions. However, more precise information can cause fishers to converge on the same location or increase fishing at the same time. The cost of the resulting increased congestion can outweigh the direct benefit of better information. This paper identifies the circumstances where an increase in the precision of public and/or private information (about stock size or location) lowers industry profits. Using high-resolution data from Peru's anchoveta fishery, the world's largest by catch volume, the research reveals that despite considerable congestion, more precise private information would increase expected profits. On the other hand, the profit impact of more precise public information is positive but significantly smaller. This difference reflects the fact that public information increases congestion to a much greater extent, compared to private information. The policy implications are that improving private information about fish stocks-for example through firms investing in forecasting and decision-making technology-could increase industry profits. But anchoveta fishers would not necessarily benefit from more precise public information. As fishery managers control the accessibility and disclosure of information, decisions to make private information public, such as publishing near real-time catch data, could potentially lower fisher profits
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  • 50
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Infrastructure Study
    Keywords: Adaptation to Climate Change ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Agriculture Infrastructure ; Climate Change ; Climate Resilient Investment ; Energy ; Energy Infrastructure ; Energy Policies and Economics ; Environment ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; Resilient Infrastructure ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Transport
    Abstract: This Compendium Volume presents a series of guidance notes and more detailed complementary technical notes that offer practical insights in support of enhancing the climate resilience of infrastructure investment projects in Sub-Saharan Africa. This first introductory chapter starts with an overview of the investment conditions and climatic context in the region, followed by a description of the scope of this Compendium Volume and individual notes, target audiences, and a roadmap for users of the contents covered in this Volume
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  • 51
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (30 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Zavala, Lucas Quality Regulation Creates and Reallocates Trade
    Keywords: Agricultural Trade ; Agriculture ; International Economics and Trade ; Market Concentration ; Non-Tariff Trade Measures ; Phytosanitary Regulation ; Quality Regulation ; Reallocation ; Sanitary Trade Barriers ; Trade Facilitation ; Trade Policy ; Trade Quota
    Abstract: Quality regulation has become the dominant instrument of trade policy. Panel evidence shows that regulations classified as sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade both increase trade on average. Other non-tariff measures like quotas decrease trade. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures reallocate trade from lower-income exporting countries to higher-income exporting countries, while technical barriers to trade measures do the opposite. Sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade measures increase the sales concentration of exporting firms from lower-income countries, but do not affect the concentration of exporting firms from higher-income countries or importing firms. The costs of quality regulation are primarily borne by exporting firms, especially in lower-income countries
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  • 52
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2193
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Atlas Region ; Earthquake ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Female Labor Force ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Disasters ; Poverty ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor ; Tourism ; Women's Economic Empowerment
    Abstract: The Moroccan economy is recovering. Following a sharp deceleration in 2022 caused by various overlapping commodity and climatic shocks, economic growth increased to 2.9 percent in the first semester of 2023, driven primarily by services and net exports. Inflation has halved between February and August 2023, but food inflation remains high. Lower commodity prices havealso contributed to a temporary narrowing of the current account deficit. The response to recent crises and the unfolding reform of the health and social protection systems are exerting pressures on public spending. However, the government is managing to gradually reduce the budget deficit
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  • 53
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (24 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Matekenya, Dunstan Malnourished but not Destitute: The Spatial Interplay between Nutrition and Poverty in Madagascar
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Development Patterns and Poverty ; Equity and Development ; Food Insecurity ; Food Security ; Hidden Hunger ; International Economics and Trade ; Malnutrition ; Poverty ; Poverty Reduction ; Small Area Estimation ; Sustainable Development Goals
    Abstract: Hidden hunger, or micronutrient deficiencies, is a serious public health issue affecting approximately 2 billion people worldwide. Identifying areas with high prevalence of hidden hunger is crucial for targeted interventions and effective resource allocation. However, conventional methods such as nutritional assessments and dietary surveys are expensive and time-consuming, rendering them unsustainable for developing countries. This study proposes an alternative approach to estimating the prevalence of hidden hunger at the commune level in Madagascar by combining data from the household budget survey and the Demographic and Health Survey. The study employs small area estimation techniques to borrow strength from the recent census and produce precise and accurate estimates at the lowest administrative level. The findings reveal that 17.9 percent of stunted children reside in non-poor households, highlighting the ineffectiveness of using poverty levels as a targeting tool for identifying stunted children. The findings also show that 21.3 percent of non-stunted children live in impoverished households, reinforcing Sen's argument that malnutrition is not solely a product of destitution. These findings emphasize the need for tailored food security interventions designed for specific geographical areas with clustered needs rather than employing uniform nutrition policies. The study concludes by outlining policies that are appropriate for addressing various categories of hidden hunger
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  • 54
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Poverty Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Producer Organizations ; Agriculture ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender and Rural Development ; Ginger Farming Value Chain ; Informality ; Labor Markets ; Poverty Reduction ; Shea Butter Production Value Chain ; Smallholder Farmers ; Women in Agriculture Value Chains
    Abstract: Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and strengthening social cohesion in Togo. While Togo has made significant progress in creating more good quality jobs, with robust growth performance in the past decade, several jobs-related challenges remain. Togo's labor market is characterized by high levels of informality and underemployment, low productivity, and low-quality jobs. This difficult situation is compounded by the demographic trend of large cohorts of young people entering the labor market every year. As a result of this trend, it is estimated that, beginning in 2024, Togo will need to create 200,000 new jobs every year to absorb the influx of new entrants into the labor market. As described in the companion document to this report, Togo Jobs Diagnostic, a holistic approach to creating more and better jobs should be applied looking at the macro-, demand-, and supply side constraints. Solutions should focus on creating new jobs, improving job quality and productivity, and ensuring access to employment for vulnerable segments of the population
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  • 55
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Dietary Habits ; Food Security ; Income
    Abstract: This report is a product of the World Bank's monitoring efforts in Myanmar and provides an in-depth look at the country's agricultural sector and food security status. This study examines intertwined challenges, falling crop yields, escalating food costs, deteriorating dietary habits, changing income sources, and shifting labor dynamics among farmers. In doing so, this analysis aims to illuminate the complex dynamics affecting households and communities nationwide. It offers essential insights for stakeholders seeking to address these pressing issues
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  • 56
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Keywords: Accommodation and ; Agriculture ; Aquaculture ; Economic Growth ; Fisheries and ; Fisheries Sector ; Growth Potential ; Human Capital ; Industry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Private Sector Development ; Regionalization ; Tourism Industry ; Tourism Sector
    Abstract: Comoros is at the crossroads to redefine its future and become an upper-middle income country by 2050, but this would require implementing an ambitious reform agenda that focuses on increasing productivity and private investment. The current business-as-usual policy framework has delivered low private investment and human capital, sectoral growth below potential, and no poverty eradication. Pursuing this policy framework, which would not allow Comoros to reach the GDP growth target of 7.5 percent by 2030 laid out in the national development plan, could result in GDP per capita of USD 1,890 and a poverty rate of 22.9 percent by 2050. By contrast, under a policy framework of ambitious reforms that include measures to increase inclusiveness, Comoros could reach a GDP per capita of USD 3,934 and reduce the poverty rate to below 5 percent by 2050. Supported by the continuous implementation of ambitious reforms, such a level of GDP per capita could have Comoros reach upper-middle-income status by 2050. Under this ambitious reform agenda, private investment would average 11.9 percent of GDP in 2023-2050, and total factor productivity growth would average 1.45 percentage points per year during the same period
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  • 57
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: IEG Evaluation
    Keywords: Access To Basic Services ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impacts ; Economic Growth ; Environment ; Governance Indicators ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Sub-Saharan Africa
    Abstract: Between 1993 and 2013, Mozambique became one of the fastest-growing economies in Sub-Saharan Africa boosting incomes and living standards. Political and macroeconomic stability provided the foundation for robust growth led by a rebounding agricultural sector and significant donor support. Growth, however, decelerated beginning in 2016 in the face of low commodity prices, a hidden debt crisis, and natural disasters. In FY18, Mozambique was formally classified as a fragile country. The Covid-19 pandemic further eroded growth. In light of the country's evolving context, this Country Program Evaluation (CPE) reviews the World Bank Group's engagement in Mozambique over the period FY08 into FY21. The CPE assesses the extent to which the Bank Group's support was relevant to Mozambique's main development challenges and drivers of fragility as well as how Bank Group support evolved and adapted over time. The evaluation delves into four themes that are relevant to Mozambique's pursuit of the Bank Group's Twin Goals of Poverty Reduction and Shared Prosperity: (i) low agricultural productivity; (ii) unequal access to basic services; (iii) weak institutions and governance; and (iv) vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters. The evaluation presents findings from each of the four themes covered and distills lessons from Bank Group experience in Mozambique to inform future strategies and engagements
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  • 58
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (45 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alfani, Federica Job Displacement and Reallocation Failure: Evidence from Climate Shocks in Morocco
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Climatic Shock ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Drought ; Employment and Unemployment ; Evapotranspiration Precipitation Index (SPEI) ; Gender and Climate Change ; Human Migrations and Resettlements ; Job Displacement ; Migration ; Resettlement ; Social Development ; Unemployment ; Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
    Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of severe drought shocks in Morocco's agriculture sector. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design, the estimates show that climatic shocks produced job displacement of about 6.5 percentage points for workers who were exposed to severe drought events. Overall, about 45 percent of these workers remained unemployed, generating a partial reallocation failure. The effects are significant only for severe and extreme shocks; they last for at least five years, and are more pronounced among females and the least educated workers
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  • 59
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agriculture Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Climate Change Impacts ; Digital Climate Information ; Environment ; Food Systems ; Resilience ; West Africa
    Abstract: By advancing knowledge on digital climate information and agriculture advisory services ('agromet services') in support of West Africa's farmers, this report has two objectives. First, it aims to identify priority actions for promoting digital agromet services under the West Africa Food System Resilience Program (FSRP) with a focus on Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo. Second, the report strives to provide insights on the required ingredients for creating viable agromet delivery models to all stakeholders involved in the production and dissemination of weather and climate information. These stakeholders include representatives from the Ministries of Agriculture (MOAs), National Meteorological Services (NMSs), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) specialists, interested parties from the private sector and civil society, and development practitioners. This report's findings were obtained through i) a benchmarking analysis of ten case studies examining existing delivery mechanisms of digital agromet services, and ii) semi-structured interviews with public institutions complemented by desk research. Case study results indicate that providers of agromet services should bundle different service types and diversify revenue streams to ensure that their offerings are impactful and viable. The report also finds that increasing levels of trust between the public and the private sector would facilitate the creation of innovative climate information delivery models based on public-private engagement (PPE). Other key recommendations to enhance agromet services include continuing to invest in the technical and human capacity of the region's NMSs, increasing collaboration between NMSs and agricultural extension services, and establishing clear regulatory frameworks on digitalization and open data
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  • 60
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (55 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arroyo Marioli, Francisco Trading Places: Fundamentals, Speculation, and Information in US Corn Markets
    Keywords: Agricultural Demand ; Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Commodities ; Corn Markets ; Corn Price Volatility ; Economic Conditions and Volatility ; Inflation ; Information Acquisition ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Market Efficiency
    Abstract: What explains the surge and plunge commodity markets have undergone in the past 20 years Are speculators to be blamed Do prices reflect full information These are the main questions addressed in this paper, in the context of the corn market. This paper formulates and calibrates two quantitative models of corn prices formation. The first model is designed to explain prices in the long run (annual frequency), while the second model applies to prices in the short run (quarterly frequency). For the long-run analysis, the paper finds that deviations of theoretical prices from observed ones are very small after 1996, and before 1996 they can be explained by government intervention. For the short-run analysis, the model is designed to mimic the typical seasonality seen in agricultural markets, incorporate supply and demand shocks as well as news shocks, and allows for speculative storage decisions. The paper finds that demand and supply fundamentals can account for around 52 percent of past price changes from 1975 to 2016. The model also estimates the impact of information shocks to explain an additional 18 percent of quarterly deviations. Finally, it finds that at least 30 percent of short-run price changes seem to have explanations other than supply or demand fundamentals or information, demonstrating that when analyzing quarterly data, prices do not always closely track fundamentals
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  • 61
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Armed Conflict ; Children and Education ; Civil War ; Conflict ; Conflict and Development ; Displacement ; Food Security ; Food Unaffordability ; Health and Poverty ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Humanitarian Response ; Limited Health Care ; Living Costs ; Living Standards ; Poverty Reduction ; Reduced Food Intake ; Repeated Shocks
    Abstract: This report highlights respondents' lived experiences during Yemen's conflict as experts of their own experiences. This report aims to present the voices of Yemenis who have now spent eight years living through a civil war, economic crisis, and close to famine. This report is among the few authentically capturing Yemeni voices on a range of day-to-day issues from different governorates across the country. But arguably the small sample size limits ability to generalize findings. However, generalizing findings was not the intention of the report. For each theme, 'Voices from Yemen' presents a multi-stakeholder perspective to mitigate bias towards a single stakeholder group or geographical area. Moreover, the report's findings are in line with those in quantitative reports, such as 'Surviving in the Times of War' or the 'World Bank Phone Survey' report on food security. 'Voices from Yemen' presents a comprehensive picture of suffering derived from human stories behind the statistics. The conflict has made Yemeni lives unaffordable, uncertain, vulnerable, and often unbearable. The power of people's speech and the intensity of their stories narrate their grave vulnerabilities and the sense of helplessness and suffering the conflict has caused
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  • 62
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Englander, Gabriel A Fish Cartel for Africa
    Keywords: Agricultural Industry ; Agriculture ; Cooperative Market Power Shift ; Fisheries ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Fishing Industry ; Fishing Rights ; Fishing Rights Cartel ; Industry ; Integration ; Marine Biomass ; Reproducible Research Repository ; Water Resources
    Abstract: Many countries sell fishing rights to foreign nations and fishers. Although African coastal waters are among the world's most biologically rich, African countries earn much less than their peers from selling access to foreign fishers. African countries sell fishing access individually (in contrast to some Pacific countries that sell access as a bloc). This paper develops a bilateral oligopoly model to simulate the effects of an African fish cartel. The model shows that wielding market power entails both ecological and economic dimensions. Africa would substantially restrict access catch, which would increase biomass by 16 percent. This would confer economic benefits to all African nations, raising profits by an average of 23 percent. These benefits arise because market power shifts from foreign buyers to African sellers. Although impediments to sustainable development, like corruption, are hard to change in the medium term, deeper African integration is an already emerging solution to African countries' economic and ecological challenges
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  • 63
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2114
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Blue-Fish World ; Climate Change Impact ; Climate Change Impacts ; Climate-Resilient ; Coastal Communities ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Ocean Economy
    Abstract: With 17,504 islands, 108,000 kilometers of coastline, and three-quarters of its territory at sea, Indonesia's prosperity is deeply entwined with its oceans. Yet the future for Indonesia's oceans, like those worldwide, is increasingly uncertain. Climate change is driving increases in water temperatures, storm severity, and sea level rise, causing shifts in coastal ecosystems and fisheries. These trends pose challenges for Indonesia's ocean economy and the people it supports. Indonesia's fisheries are at the center of these challenges. The fisheries sector contributes US26.9 billion dollars annually to the national economy (around 2.6 percent of GDP), 50 percent of the country's protein, and over 7 million jobs (World Bank 2021). The impact of climate change on the fisheries sector will thus have important implications for livelihoods, food security, and economic growth. While this is true around the world, few countries have fishery resources as vast as Indonesia's or depend as much as Indonesia does on fisheries for jobs and protein. As this report highlights, the importance of ensuring productive and sustainable fisheries in the face of a changing climate is well-recognized. The Government of Indonesia is taking steps toward a climate-resilient marine and coastal economy through investment in infrastructure, technology, capacity-building, and governance. Strategies and actions are outlined in the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), the Climate Resilient Development Policy 2020- 2045, and the List of Priority Locations and Climate Resilient Actions prepared by the Ministry of National Development Planning (Bappenas). Climate resilience is being prioritized by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF)
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  • 64
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2193
    Keywords: Adolescent Health ; Agriculture ; Education Indicators and Statistics ; Fiscal Consolidation ; Gender ; Gender and Education ; Gender Gaps ; Greening Agriculture ; Inflation ; Labor Markets ; Low Labor Force ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Skills Development and Labor Force Training ; Western Balkans
    Abstract: In the context of weakening global demand, growth in the Western Balkans decelerated over the course of 2022 and into 2023. Against the background of the lasting effects of shocks from Russia's invasion of Ukraine, sticky inflation, and tighter financial conditions, global demand has been weakening, and this has a divergent impact across the Western Balkans (WB6). On the one hand, the slowdown in global demand contributed to weaker-than expected performance of industrial production in the whole European Union (EU) region and in the WB6. On the other hand, global demand has proved more resilient in services and, for travel, with twice as many people traveling globally during Q1 2023 as in the same period in 2022 (UNWTO). This has particularly benefited Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro, where services exports have reached new record highs. In contrast, weakening global demand for goods has weighed on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), North Macedonia and Serbia. On the demand side, private consumption remained in general an important growth driver, despite rising price pressures. Reforms are needed to consolidate the recovery toward sustainable growth, while negotiations with the EU hold the potential to bolster prospects in the Western Balkans. As the WB6 agriculture sector is undergoing a major structural transformation, efforts to green agriculture are also important to ensure access to the EU market and for the competitiveness of agriculture, rural development, and food and nutrition security. Most WB6 countries have recently included agriculture greening in their development strategies. Historically, the environmental footprint of the WB6 agriculture sector has been relatively low. But this has been more an unintended outcome of still high rurality and low farming intensity rather than a result of public policy and expenditure choices. Agricultural public expenditures, while substantial in terms of amounts and adequate to influence agricultural production, have not yet prioritized financing of greening and climate-smart agriculture. It is important for the WB6 countries to accelerate greening of their agriculture by learning from the EU's green transition and better utilization of the existing public funds available for agricultural development
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  • 65
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (526 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Finance ; Agriculture ; Climate-Smart Agriculture ; Farmer Cooperatives ; Farmer Cooperatives Training ; Gender and Agriculture ; ICT4Ag ; Smallholder Agriculture ; Smallholder Farmers ; Smallholder Supply Chains ; Smallholders
    Abstract: Smallholder farmers are the stewards of more than 80 percent of the world's farms. These small family businesses produce about one-third of the world's food. In Africa and Asia, smallholders dominate the production of food crops, as well as export commodities such as cocoa, coffee, and cotton. However, smallholders and farm workers remain among the poorest segments of the population, and they are on the frontline of climate change. Smallholder farmers face constraints in accessing inputs, finance, knowledge, technology, labor, and markets. Raising farm-level productivity in a sustainable way is a key development priority. Agribusinesses are increasingly working with smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries to secure agricultural commodities. More productive smallholders boost rural incomes and economic growth, as well as reduce poverty. Smallholders also represent a growing underserved market for farm inputs, information, and financial services. Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains (third edition) shows agribusinesses how to engage more effectively with smallholders and to develop sustainable, resilient, and productive supply chains. The book compiles practical solutions and cutting-edge ideas to overcome the challenges facing smallholders. This third edition is substantially revised from the second edition and incorporates new material on the potential for digital technologies and sustainable farming. This handbook is written principally to outline opportunities for the private sector. The content may also be useful to the staffs of governmental or nongovernmental development programs working with smallholders, as well as to academic and research institutions
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  • 66
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (53 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bedi, Tara Shifting Spousal Decision-Making Patterns: Whom you Target in an Agricultural Intervention Matters
    Keywords: Africa Gender Innovation Lab ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agriculture ; Family Agriculture ; Gender ; Gender and Rural Development ; Gender Difference ; Gendered Decision Making ; Innovation Fund ; Rural Development ; Targeting Agriculture Interventions
    Abstract: Does it matter whether poverty reduction programs target the female or male spouse? A randomized controllled trial in Ethiopia is used to study the differential impacts of easing information and financial constraints on agricultural productivity and household welfare, using data from 1,214 households in two regions of Ethiopia. The program targeted the husband, the wife, or both in a married household. The results indicate that the targeted spouse determines the type and channel of impacts. Targeting both spouses increased agricultural productivity in the short run and the monetary value of small ruminants and poultry in the long run, with a marginal positive impact on nonfood expenditure. Targeting only the female spouse resulted in increased business income from businesses with female involvement. This consequently increased household use of formal savings devices. This is in line with female preferences outside agriculture and for off-farm activities, and it results in little impact on agricultural productivity, despite an increase in women's access to extension services. Targeting only the male spouse has no impact on household savings or expenditure even though it increases men's wage income. The results suggest that the sharing of knowledge about the intervention changed household decisions. This would explain the different outcomes when both spouses were targeted, rather than only one
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  • 67
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (84 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Ghose, Devaki Fertilizer Import Bans, Agricultural Exports, and Welfare: Evidence from Sri Lanka
    Keywords: Agricultural Trade ; Agriculture ; Agriculture Export ; Chemical Fertilizer and Food Production ; Chemical Fertilizer Ban ; Environment ; Environmental Economics and Policies ; Environmental Governance ; Fertilizer-Dependent Crops ; Fertilizers ; Fertilizers and Agricultural Chemicals Industry ; Import Ban ; Industry ; Non-Tariff Trade Measures ; Organic Farming Transition
    Abstract: This paper quantifies the value of fertilizer for agricultural production and trade in a developing economy where agriculture is centrally important by using an unprecedented natural experiment whereby the government of Sri Lanka imposed an abrupt and unexpected ban on the imports of all chemical fertilizers in May 2021. The analysis combines novel high-frequency firm-level trade data, detailed agricultural ground production data, crop yield estimates from state-of-the-art remote sensing techniques, and dynamic event study designs. The findings show that the fertilizer ban led to dramatic declines in agricultural production, fertilizer imports, and exports of fertilizer-dependent crops. Using a quantitative trade model, the paper finds that the ban's welfare effects were equivalent to a 1.5 percent income reduction on average, with losses disproportionately concentrated on landowners (whose income is tied to agriculture) relative to workers and on regions specialized in the cultivation of relatively fertilizer-intensive crops. The findings quantify the equilibrium value of fertilizer in agriculture, an important estimate for any fertilizer-related policy (such as fertilizer subsidies) and for the public debate on the costs and benefits of environmental regulation more generally
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  • 68
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2209
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Covid-19 ; Economic Investment and Savings ; FIP ; Forest Investment Program ; Forestry Management ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Pandemic
    Abstract: With the COVID-19 pandemic, the development context for the world is fundamentally challenged in many ways. The pandemic has taken a drastic human toll, and its global-scale economic and social impacts affected rural development work focused on the most poor and vulnerable populations. It has also highlighted the increasing need to invest in natural climate solutions that protect and restore critical ecosystems, support climate stability and ecosystem resilience, and help people access livelihood opportunities. This report provides an in-depth portfolio analysis of WB-implemented FIP and DGM projects during the pandemic, gathering information from documents and directly from stakeholders involved in these projects on the impacts of the pandemic during their preparation and implementation, finding trends in delays in project activities, and identifying coping mechanisms used to overcome the challenges resulting from the pandemic. For example, some projects have shifted activities requiring in-person engagement, such as training and workshops, to a virtual format. Other projects use electronic monitoring and data collection tools to follow up on activity implementation. Finally, this report provides a few general lessons for the CIF program, WB-financed operations, donors, and other external international development partners. Although the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a challenge, authors now hope, having already experienced it for roughly three years, to learn from the various adaptation measures implemented by the projects, for application to future shocks
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  • 69
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 40347
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Economic Growth ; Economic Value of Forests ; Environment ; Forest Biodiversity ; Forests and Climate Change ; Global Environmental Committment ; Public Sector Development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Windfire Risk Management
    Abstract: Lebanon's forest landscapes are unique in the Mediterranean region and, over the centuries, have provided multiple socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental benefits. However, societal changes have had a significant impact on these landscapes, putting them at risk of further degradation. Lifestyle changes and restrictions on access to forests and woodlands have contributed to the abandonment of traditional community use, management, and protection of forests. This neglect has left forests vulnerable to arson, vandalism, and natural disasters. This Lebanon Forest Note articulates opportunities for supporting the protection and sustainable management of Lebanon's forest landscapes. It considers the increasing pressure on natural resources due to anthropogenic activities/stresses, as well as their increased vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, especially forest fires. The note presents a forward-looking business case for Lebanon to protects its forest ecosystem services, while increasing the socioeconomic benefits for Lebanon's sustainable development goals and global environmental commitments
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  • 70
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2199
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) ; Central Asia ; Covid-19 ; Ecosystem Transformations ; Education Reform and Management ; Food Safety ; Food Systems Resilience ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; ICT Applications ; International Economics and Trade ; Livestock ; One Health Approach ; Regional Cooperation
    Abstract: Central Asia has made much progress in public health and animal health in the last 20 years but was as unprepared as other regions in the world to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The region also faces challenges from other emerging diseases, re-emerging diseases, and climate change. Since 2020, the Central Asian regional economies, as the rest of the world, have faced two shocks - the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. Animal diseases do not respect borders and remain a public health concern because of the possible transmission of pathogens to humans. They can spread quickly from one country to another, with impact on animal health, trade, food security, food safety and possibly creating public health emergencies. One Health is an approach that allows for addressing human, animal, and ecosystem health issues through intersectoral action, to prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from infectious diseases, with an endpoint of improving global health security and achieving gains in development. The World Bank has been actively engaged in Central Asia for over two decades and is well-placed to act as a convener able to provide regional program-design expertise and implementation support for a One Health program. The findings of this report will support the preparation of the Central Asia One Health Framework for Action by providing recommendations for activities which can be further supported through public spending, private investments, and other financial resources
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  • 71
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (27 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Edjigu, Habtamu Uncertainty in Preferential Trade Agreements: Impact of AGOA Suspensions on Exports
    Keywords: Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (ACGOA) ; Agricultural Trade ; Agriculture ; Apparel and Textile Exports ; Export Decline ; Export Uncertainty ; Free Trade Agreement ; International Economics and Trade ; Preferential Trade Agreement ; Reciprocity
    Abstract: This study examines the impact of the abrupt suspension of African Growth and Opportunity Act benefits on exports from eligible African countries. The study uses a triple difference-in-differences estimation that controls for both country- and product-level export changes. The results suggest that the suspension of the African Growth and Opportunity Act has had a considerable negative impact on the level of exports to the United States. The impact appears to be bigger for countries with a high African Growth and Opportunity Act utilization rate. The suspension is associated with a 39 percent decline in exports to the United States. At the product level, the suspension hurt apparel and textile exports, leading to a decline of their exports by about 88 percent. Understanding the impact of withdrawing access to a nonreciprocal trade agreement is particularly important now, as the European Union began negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements with African countries, as a sign of a shift to reciprocity; the United States is considering a similar path of negotiating free trade agreements with individual African countries. These developments underscore the need to prepare for a post-African Growth and Opportunity Act period with more reciprocity, as trade uncertainty is becoming rampant
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  • 72
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (60 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lerva, Benedetta The Monetary Value of Externalities: Experimental Evidence from Ugandan Farmers
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Economic Development ; Externalities ; Field Experiments ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Social Networks ; Technology Adoption ; Willingness To Pay
    Abstract: Understanding the value of the externalities associated with a technology is crucial to correctly estimate the welfare benefits of public policies and investments. Suboptimal adoption rates of agricultural technologies in low-income countries partly result from farmers not fully internalizing the positive externalities of adoption. This paper designs an experiment to measure the monetary value of the externalities of an agricultural pest-control technology; it elicits a farmer's willingness-to-pay for another farmer to adopt the technology, as a measure of the externalities generated by the other farmer. The findings show that externalities are large, as mean willingness-to-pay for others is equal to two days' wage, or half the willingness-to-pay for themselves. Willingness-to-pay for another farmer depends on social proximity (as it is easier to learn about the technology from closer connections), and the distance between their two plots (as pest-control is more beneficial for plot neighbors). Targeting the technology to farmers with geographically central plots and more socially connected farmers generates greater positive externalities and more social value than targeting farmers with the highest willingness-to-pay for themselves
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  • 73
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Social Protection Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Gender ; Gender and Development ; Gender Disparities ; Inequality ; Informal Workers ; Jobs Diagnostic ; Labor Disparities ; Labor Markets ; Labor Standards ; Labor Supply ; Poverty Reduction ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: Good quality jobs are key to accelerating poverty reduction and enhancing social cohesion in Togo. Following a decade of significant progress in reducing poverty, the COVID-19 pandemic and of Russia's invasion of Ukraine are likely to have reversed some of these gains in living standards, however. The creation of more good quality jobs plays a key role in any country's poverty reduction efforts, and will be essential to recover from recent shocks and reinforce earlier gains made in Togo. International research also points to lack of economic opportunities and insufficient social services as key drivers of radicalization of young people. Security threats in the northern region of the country have been growing, with terrorist attacks in Burkina Faso close to the Togolese border increasing in number and severity since 2018, and a first attack reported on Togolese territory in November 2021 in the Savanes region. Access to good quality jobs with a stable income for young Togolese will thus also be part of the solution to the security threats
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  • 74
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Kondylis, Florence Learning from Self and Learning from Others: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh
    Keywords: Agricultural Extension ; Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agricultural Technology Adoption ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Bayesian Learning Model ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Demonstration Plot ; Saline-Resistant Seed ; Teaching Farm Methods
    Abstract: Can decentralizing demonstration accelerate learning about new technologies This paper randomizes access to a fixed demonstration kit for new flood-saline-resilient seeds across villages in Bangladesh, with demonstration either by a single farmer or spread across many farmers. In the short run, higher learning from self and others under decentralization increases technology adoption. In the long run, the impacts of any demonstration persist, but the additional impacts of decentralization vanish. A Bayesian model of learning the returns to a new technology suggests belief dispersion caused noisy adoption along the learning path, and farmers' expected gains from demonstration are four times higher under decentralization
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  • 75
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (65 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Bloem, Jeffrey R Herder-Related Violence, Agricultural Work, and the Informal Sector as a Safety Net
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Conflict ; Farmers and Herders ; Gender ; Gender and Rural Development ; Gender Monitoring and Evaluation ; Gender Related Violence ; Informality ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Safety Net ; Social Conflict and Violence ; Social Development ; Violence
    Abstract: Violent conflict between nomadic herders and settled--mostly agricultural--communities in Nigeria occurs as both groups clash over the use of land and resources, in part, due to a changing climate. This paper uses panel data from 2010 through 2019 to study the labor responses of individuals to exposure to herder-related violence during the post-planting and post-harvest seasons. Specifically, it considers a "shadow of violence" channel, where recent exposure to a violent event alters labor-related responses to a subsequent event. Results find that in the post-planting season, exposure to a herder-related violent event leads to an increase in informal work for both men and women, a decrease in agricultural work for men, and an increase in total hours worked for women among households that have previously been exposed to herder-related violence in the preceding six months. The paper also considers two other specific forms for a "shadow of violence" channel--namely, raised tensions over open-grazing bans enacted in 2016 and 2017 within three states and a drastic peak in violence in the first half of 2018-- and find similar results. Lastly, findings show how household exposure to violence can have so-called knock-on effects. Households exposed to herder-related violence in the previous post-planting season shift consumption and crop selling patterns in the post-harvest season. These findings highlight the gender-specific labor response to violence and document the role of the informal sector as a partial safety net for individuals in the presence of adverse shocks
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  • 76
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: 2162
    Keywords: Access To Finance ; Accommodation and Tourism Industry ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Commercial Sectors ; Domestic Private Financing ; Finance and Financial Sector Development ; Green Growth ; Industry ; Infrastructure ; Infrastructure Economics and Finance ; Infrastructure Finance ; Private Sector Development ; Private Sector Economics ; Private Sector Investment ; Social Sectors
    Abstract: In March 2023, the Second Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA2) identified USD 411 billion worth of investments required for Ukraine's reconstruction. The World Bank Group's new report "Private Sector Opportunities for a Green and Resilient Reconstruction in Ukraine", developed in cooperation with Ukraine's government, assesses the potential for private financing to meet these needs under both a status quo scenario and a scenario with reforms and other sectoral interventions
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  • 77
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (101 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Behrer, A. Patrick Man or Machine? Environmental Consequences of Wage Driven Mechanization in Indian Agriculture
    Keywords: Agricultural Fire ; Agriculture ; Air Pollution ; Environment ; Mahatma Ghandi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ; Mechanized Agriculture ; Poverty Reduction ; Rural Labor Market Shocks ; Structural Change
    Abstract: This paper uses an exogenous shock to wages from the world's largest anti-poverty program to show that higher wages can lead to increased air pollution, likely by inducing farmers to shift into a labor-saving and mechanized production process. Using a difference-in-differences approach on the staggered roll-out of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), combined with data on nearly 1 million fires, the paper shows that the frequency of agricultural fires increases by 21 percent after the shock. The increase in fires is concentrated in districts that appear more likely to mechanize the harvest. MNREGA did not lead to changes in area planted or tonnage produced in fire intensive crops. The estimates show that nationally, the shock increased the rate of particulate emissions from biomass burning by 30 to 50 percent. The results suggest that absent policies to correct for environmental externalities of mechanization at all stages of development, labor market shocks may lead to inefficient levels of mechanization
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  • 78
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (31 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Dizon, Felipe Climate Change, Urban Expansion, and Food Production
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Agriculture ; Agriculture Adaptation To Climate Change ; Climate Change ; Climate Change Mitigation ; Crops and Climate ; Food and Climate Change ; Food Insecurity ; Food Security ; Land Use and Agriculture ; Livestock Farming ; Urban Expansion
    Abstract: Where and how cities grow will influence food production and the risks to food production. This paper estimates the overlap of future urban expansion in 2040 and 2100 with current crop and livestock production under different climate scenarios. First, it finds that urban areas will expand most into areas with fruits, vegetables, and chickens, and urban areas will expand most under a scenario with significant challenges to climate change mitigation. Second, the share of food producing areas that will overlap with urban expansion will be largest in Africa, particularly under a scenario of significant challenges to climate change adaptation. Third, across all scenarios, urban expansion is likely to take place in areas with higher crop or livestock production, but even more so when there are significant challenges to both mitigation and adaptation
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  • 79
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (59 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Aihounton, Ghislain Does Agricultural Intensification Pay?
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Farm Performance ; Food Security ; Intensification ; Rice Farmers ; Rural Transformaiton ; Rural Transformation ; Smallholder Labor Productivity ; Specialization
    Abstract: Modern inputs and mechanization are promoted across Africa to raise smallholder labor productivity and broker the structural transformation. Yet, adoption has remained low and the implications for returns to labor and labor allocation remain poorly understood. This paper explores the effects of different intensification packages on farm performance, market orientation, and food security using data from lowland rice farmers in Cote d'Ivoire. Employing a multinomial treatment effect model, the findings reveal that intensification increases land and labor productivity, especially when agro-chemicals and mechanized land preparation are combined. Returns to labor double to triple, inducing specialization and greater market orientation as well as greater food security, while productively releasing agricultural labor for other activities. Labor in agriculture becomes more waged. The gender balance remains the same. Child labor input does not decrease. The findings call for greater attention to labor productivity and confirm that agricultural intensification can pay and enhance rural transformation
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  • 80
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Environmental Study
    Keywords: Acquaculture Mismanagement ; Acquaculture Pollution ; Agriculture ; Coastal and Marine Environment ; Coastal and Marine Resources ; Discarded Fishing Equipment ; Environment ; Fisheries and Aquaculture ; Marine Plastic Debris ; Marine Plastic Pollution Mitigation ; Pollution Management and Control ; Water Resources
    Abstract: The Government of Indonesia's (GoI) National Plan of Action on Marine Plastic Debris (NPOA-MPD 2017-2025) outlines the ambitious objective of reducing marine plastic debris by seventy percent by 2025. Abandoned, Lost and Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) is a major component of sea-based sources of marine debris, and is another important sea-based source of plastic leakage. The cultivation of marine and aquatic species, including seaweed, uses plastic components such as buoys, ropes, harvest bins and feed sacks. The primary pathways for plastic leakage from aquaculture include mismanagement, deliberate discharge, extreme weather and catastrophic events such as tsunamis. The impacts of fishery and aquaculture plastic pollution on the environment, economy, livelihoods and food security are significant. The scale of these impacts on fisheries, marine ecosystems and human users has prompted international action. Managing and mitigating plastic pollution from fisheries and aquaculture has the potential to contribute to Indonesia's marine plastic debris targets while also providing economic opportunities. This report presents options for reducing ALDFG and ALDAG in Indonesia, and improving the management and use of End-of-life fishing gear (EOLFG)
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  • 81
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Deininger, Klaus Impact of the Russian Invasion on Ukrainian Farmers' Productivity, Rural Welfare, and Food Security
    Keywords: Agricultural Production ; Agriculture ; Armed Conflict Impact on Agriculture ; Conflict and Development ; Credit Markets ; Farm Profitability ; Food Security ; Post Conflict Reconstruction ; Post-Conflict Agricultural Reconstruction ; Rural Impact of War ; Rural Welfare
    Abstract: Data from 2,251 small and medium-size farms for 2021 and 2022 show that area reductions in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine remained limited. However, worsening terms of trade reduced farm profitability, implying that 46 percent of farms had a negative cash flow and 54 percent (67 percent in the 50-120 hectare group) were credit constrained in 2022, implying that longer term effects may be more adverse. Total factor productivity varies significantly across size groups but is not significantly different between formal and informal farms in the same size group. This suggests that limited transferability of land use rights that are disproportionately used by smaller farms may be one reason for low productivity. Improving transferability of land, digital access to markets, and mortgage lending could thus trigger investment and growth in higher value products by small and medium-size farms to solidify Ukraine's comparative advantage in agriculture and improve rural living conditions in the context of reconstruction
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  • 82
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Jedwab, Remi The Effects of Climate Change in the Poorest Countries: Evidence from the Permanent Shrinking of Lake Chad
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptation To Climate Change ; Agriculture ; Aridification ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Ecosystems and Natural Habitats ; Environment ; Land Supply ; Land Use ; Natural Disasters ; Rural Decline ; Shrinkage of Lakes ; Social Aspects of Climate Change ; Social Development ; Water Supply
    Abstract: Empirical studies of the economic effects of climate change largely rely on climate anomalies for causal identification purposes. Slow and permanent changes in climate-driven geographical conditions, that is, climate change as defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, have been relatively less studied, especially in Africa, which remains the most vulnerable continent to climate change. This paper focuses on Lake Chad, which used to be the 11th largest lake in the world. Lake Chad, which is the size of El Salvador, Israel, or Massachusetts, slowly shrank by 90 percent for exogenous reasons between 1963 and 1990. While the water supply decreased, the land supply increased, generating a priori ambiguous effects. These effects make the increasing global disappearance of lakes a critical trend to study. For Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria, and Niger-25 percent of Sub-Saharan Africa's population- the paper constructs a novel data set tracking population patterns at a fine spatial level from the 1940s to the 2010s. Difference-in-differences show much slower growth in the proximity of the lake, but only after the lake started shrinking. These effects persist two decades after the lake stopped shrinking, implying limited adaptation. Additionally, the negative water supply effects on fishing, farming, and herding outweighed the growth of land supply and other positive effects. A quantitative spatial model used to rationalize these results and estimate aggregate welfare losses, which accounts for adaptation, shows overall losses of about 6 percent. The model also allows studying the aggregate and spatial effects of policies related to migration, land use, trade, roads, and cities
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  • 83
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Lain, Jonathan Seasonal Deprivation in the Sahel is Large, Widespread, and can be Anticipated
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Economic Insecurity ; Food and Nutrition Policy ; Food Insecurity ; Food Security ; Health, Nutrition and Population ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty ; Rainfed Agriculture ; Seasonal Poverty VARIATION ; Seasonality ; Welfare
    Abstract: Shocks and seasonality may have profound effects on poor households' wellbeing, especially in contexts like the Sahel where livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture and pastoralism. Understanding how seasonal variation affects Sahelian households is therefore essential for guiding policies that jointly seek to address chronic poverty, seasonality, and unexpected shocks. This paper uses harmonized household survey data from Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Senegal, collected in two distinct waves in 2018 and 2019, to examine the extent of seasonal deprivation in the Sahel. These data reveal significant seasonal variation in poverty and wellbeing. Mean real monetary consumption is around 10.5 percent lower in the lean season. Moreover, rather than representing a reduction in dietary diversity, this drop is concentrated in staple foods (especially cereals), implying that seasonality brings about extreme forms of deprivation. Welfare losses may begin early in the lean season, even as early as April. When the data were collected in 2018/19, the climatic conditions were relatively benign and the security situation was more stable than today, so the effects of seasonality shown in this paper likely represent a lower bound. On policy, although initiatives currently focus on responding to unpredictable shocks, seasonal food insecurity could be better tackled by expanding social protection and providing regular transfers early in the lean season, when prices are lower and fewer households have succumbed to extreme deprivation. Seasonal variation happens every year and more can be done to support Sahelian households if there is information on how it will perennially threaten their wellbeing
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  • 84
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (72 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Arroyo-Marioli, Francisco Forecasting Industrial Commodity Prices: Literature Review and a Model Suite
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Commodity Price Forecasting ; Contingency Planning ; Economic Forecasting ; Energy ; Energy and Natural Resources ; Futures Prices ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Metals Price ; Natural Resource Revenue ; Oil Price Forecasting
    Abstract: Almost two-thirds of emerging market and developing economies rely heavily on resource sectors for economic activity, fiscal and export revenues. In these economies, economic planning requires sound baseline projections for the global prices of the commodities they rely on and a sense of the risks around such baseline projections. This paper presents a model suite to prepare well-founded forecasts for the global prices for oil and six industrial metals (aluminum, copper, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc). The model suite adapts six approaches used in the literature and tests their forecast performance. Broadly speaking, futures prices or bivariate correlations performed well at short horizons, and consensus forecasts and a large-scale macroeconometric model performed well at long horizons. The strength of Bayesian vector autoregression models lies in generating forecast scenarios. The sizable forecast error bands generated by the model suite highlight the need for policy makers to engage in careful contingency planning for higher or lower prices
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  • 85
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Koolwal, Gayatri How do Agricultural Import Tariffs Affect Men and Women Smallholders? Evidence from Bangladesh
    Keywords: Agricultural Labor ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Food Security ; Gender ; Gender and Economic Policy ; Gender and Public Expenditures ; Gender and Rural Development ; Import Tariffs ; Input Markets ; Macroeconomics ; Trade
    Abstract: Using newly available customs data from Bangladesh, along with additional administrative and survey data, this study examines how variation in import tariffs on key agricultural inputs affects men's and women's agricultural employment and production-given a high degree of segmentation among men and women in different agricultural activities. In Bangladesh, women and men in agriculture are typically smallholders and maintain distinct occupations within the sector (women in livestock and poultry rearing, and men in crop agriculture). These areas are both heavily dependent on imported commodities (grains and oilseed for livestock and poultry feed, as well as seeds and fertilizer for crop agriculture). The paper shows that import tariff rates are much higher on feed-related inputs; imported inputs for crop agriculture, such as fertilizer, are also heavily subsidized. The paper also shows that the higher resulting prices for inputs used in feed are significantly negatively associated with employment and earnings in poultry and livestock activity, where women are heavily concentrated. Among those marketing output, earnings also tend to be substantially higher in crop agriculture than in livestock/poultry activity, underscoring the need for closely examining how import tariffs can affect more vulnerable groups. Individual producers are also heavily reliant on livestock for own-consumption activity, reducing their ability to pass on increased input costs
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  • 86
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Country Economic Memorandum
    Keywords: Agricultural Growth and Rural Development ; Agriculture ; Economic Growth ; GDP ; High Poverty Rate ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Poverty Monitoring and Analysis ; Poverty Reduction ; Private Sector ; Rural Development ; Rural Economy ; Slow Growth
    Abstract: This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) argues for a significant shift in policy to enable a virtuous cycle of sustained and inclusive economic growth, outlined infive building blocks. Chapter 1 identifies policy priorities to restore the macroeconomic fundamentals for growth through fiscal reform, debt sustainability, external rebalancing, and monetary stability. The following three chapters address three core structural constraints to growth and propose key reforms to accelerate agricultural commercialization and improve rural labor markets (Chapter 2), enable the private sector to drive productivity growth (Chapter 3), and catalyze exports and foreign investment (Chapter 4). Acknowledging that implementing key growth-enhancing policies--be they macroeconomic or structural--are the result of complex political economy and governance arrangements, Chapter 5 focuses on how past Malawian successes can inform future sectoral policies, reforms, and strategies to achieve the goals outlined in the Malawi 2063
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  • 87
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore | Singapore : Imprint: Springer
    ISBN: 9789811990281
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(VI, 209 p. 2 illus., 1 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Social policy. ; Urban policy. ; Agriculture
    Abstract: Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 Stabilizing and Improving the Basic Rural Operation System -- Chapter 3 Deepening Rural Reform -- Chapter 4 Ensuring National Food Security -- Chapter 5 Realizing Agricultural Modernization with Chinese Characteristics -- Chapter 6 Promoting Integrated Urban and Rural Development -- Chapter 7 Building a New Socialist Countryside -- Chapter 8 Implementing Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development Strategy -- Chapter 9 Accelerating Ecological Civilization Construction in Rural Areas -- Chapter 10 Strengthening Social Governance in Rural Areas.
    Abstract: On the basis of systematically summarizing and sorting out the significant achievements made since China's rural reform, this book comprehensively explains the theoretical basis, principles and strategies of the road to rural revitalization of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Through in-depth research on nine aspects of rural basic management system, rural deepening reform, food security, modernization of agriculture and rural areas, integrated development of urban and rural areas, poverty alleviation, new rural construction, ecological civilization construction and rural governance, this book puts forward the development direction and strategic choice of China's rural revitalization by the middle of this century. It not only enriches and develops the theory of development economics, but also provides experiences for rural development in developing countries.
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  • 88
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan
    ISBN: 9783031180422
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource(XVII, 227 p. 14 illus.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2023.
    Series Statement: Rethinking Rural
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Agriculture—Economic aspects. ; Biotechnology. ; Globalization. ; Social structure. ; Equality. ; Industrial sociology. ; Human geography. ; Agriculture
    Abstract: Chapter One: Introduction -- Chapter Two: Should I Stay or Should I Go? Developing migrant-led understandings of welcoming rural communities -- Chapter Three: On the hypermobility of agricultural workers in Europe: Life courses between rural Moldova and Switzerland/the EU -- Chapter Four: “Caging all tigers”: Pathways to occupational health and safety for transnational agricultural workers in Canada -- Chapter Five: Living better but separated: the emotional impacts of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Programme on transmigrant workers -- Chapter Six: Migrants, Refugees and Settlement Camps in the Rural and Urban Fringes of Serbia: Cultural Repertoires, Changing Understandings and Imaginings of the Other -- Chapter Seven: Being Global and Being Regional: Refugee entrepreneurship in regional Australia -- Chapter Eight: Conclusion.
    Abstract: This edited collection aims to examine the global-rural relationship of migration that shapes rural places. It does this by acknowledging that to understand the impact of the international migration-global nexus, it is essential to explore how it is experienced at a local level - in the context of this book, rural regions. Focusing on agribusiness and rural development, as well as the othering of international migrants and the shifting boundaries of belonging in rural spaces, the chapters in this book examine how globalisation, with migration being a constitutive feature, influences different rural contexts in the ‘Global North’ and the impact this has on migrant populations. Chapters demonstrate the harsh lived experiences/realities characterised by mental health issues and emotional labour for migrants, occupational health and safety issues in the workplace and experiences of exclusion and racism from ‘host’ communities. These chapters taken together identify a rural-migration nexus where the relationship between international migration and localised rural spaces are mutually constitutive. .
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  • 89
    ISBN: 1529226074 , 9781529226072
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    DDC: 331.318096091734
    Keywords: Child agricultural laborers ; Child labor ; Rural children Social conditions ; Agriculture ; Africa Rural conditions
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  • 90
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Springer
    ISBN: 9783030986179
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (X, 594 p. 129 illus., 108 illus. in color)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2022
    Series Statement: World Sustainability Series
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    DDC: 304.2
    Keywords: Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Food Security ; Sustainability ; Agriculture ; Food security
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Cover
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  • 91
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Policy Notes
    Keywords: Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Integrated Water Resources Management ; Irrigation
    Abstract: Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of Georgia despite the relatively small size of the sector. Agriculture is the country's largest employer and makes a significant contribution to exports even though agriculture contributes a modest share to total GDP. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, actual irrigated area in Georgia declined significantly. Georgia is currently facing important challenges related to the development of its agricultural sector, which requires the rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage systems and the establishment of institutional organizations that makes it sustainable. This policy note on the irrigation sector supports the World Bank-led analytical study on Agricultural, Land, and Water Policies to Scale-Up Sustainable Agri-Food Systems in Georgia. It was carried out during the months of April to July 2021, in close collaboration with the main stakeholders of the irrigation sector in Georgia and the services of the World Bank. The analysis in this policy note identifies the core constraints, which are hindering irrigation sector performance in Georgia and leading to the slow implementation of the irrigation strategy with a brief overview of some of the factors that are contributing to these constraints
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  • 92
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Agricultural Productivity ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agricultural Subsidies ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases ; Environment ; International Food Policy Research Institute ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Taxation and Subsidies
    Abstract: The report finds that repurposing a portion of government spending on agriculture each year to develop and disseminate more emission-efficient technologies for crops and livestock could reduce overall emissions from agriculture by more than 40 percent. Meanwhile, millions of hectares of land could be restored to natural habitats. The economic payoffs to this type of repurposing would be large. Redirecting about USD 70 billion a year, equivalent to one percent of global agricultural output, would yield a net benefit of over USD 2 trillion in 20 years
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  • 93
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Alder, Simon The Impact of Ethiopia's Road Investment Program on Economic Development and Land Use: Evidence from Satellite Data
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Cropland Reduction ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Economic Impact of Roads ; Economic Impact Satellite Data ; Infrastructure Planning ; Land Use Planning ; Local Economic Development ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Road Sector Development Program ; Road Use Satellite Data ; Rural Roads and Transport ; Urban Economic Development
    Abstract: This paper studies the impacts of the large-scale Road Sector Development Program in Ethiopia between 1997 and 2016 on local economic activity and land cover (urbanization and cropland). It exploits spatial and temporal variation in road upgrades across Ethiopia, together with high-resolution panel data derived from satellite imagery. The findings show that road upgrades contributed to increases in local economic activity, as proxied by nighttime lights and urban land area. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the results across baseline levels of economic activity. Specifically, gains from road upgrades are concentrated in areas with moderate-to-high initial levels of economic activity. By contrast, there was little, or even negative, growth in areas with low levels of initial economic activity. Finally, the findings show that road upgrades contributed to a reduction in cropland in areas with medium-to-high baseline nighttime lights. The results suggest that Ethiopia's ambitious road infrastructure development program overall increased local economic activity and urbanization, but that it also had important distributional implications that need to be taken into account when planning such infrastructure programs
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  • 94
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (25 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Naeher, Dominik Relevance of the World Bank Group's Early Response to COVID-19: A Cross-Country Sector Analysis
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Comparative Advantage ; Coronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Education ; Educational Sciences ; Food Security ; Foreign Exchange ; Gini Index ; Health Care Services Industry ; Industry ; Net Open Position ; Quality Health Care ; Small and Medium Enterprise ; SMES
    Abstract: Evaluating the relevance of development interventions is a complex task because many different dimensions must be considered. This study focuses on one particular, quantifiable aspect of relevance and proposes a method for generating data-driven evidence that can be used to assess the relevance of past interventions and guide decisions about future strategic priorities. For the purpose of this study, relevance is defined as the match between the types and scopes of provided support and the types and scopes of support that are most needed in each country. The latter is estimated based on a multidimensional vulnerability score, which is constructed using data on various empirical indicators that have been argued in the economic literature to proxy vulnerability to shocks at the country level. Comparing the vulnerability score with the sector-specific allocation of support yields two empirical measures of relevance, one at the country level and one at the sector level within each country. The proposed method is designed and applied to evaluate the relevance of the World Bank Group's early response to COVID-19. At the same time, many of the modeling insights are more broadly applicable and may also be useful in informing evaluations of development programs beyond the specific application considered here
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  • 95
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Food Security ; Gender ; Gender and Social Policy ; Labor Markets ; Social Protections and Assistance ; Social Protections and Labor
    Abstract: As Uganda builds back from the COVID-19 shock, the Ugandan government is strengthening its commitment to a more gender-inclusive and sustainable economy. This report supports these efforts by describing the gendered impacts of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for Ugandan policy makers and World Bank Group operations to ensure women's participation in an inclusive and sustainable recovery. It presents gender-disaggregated data from three main sources: (1) high-frequency phone surveys that track the impacts of the COVID-19 shock: one of Ugandan nationals conducted in June and one of refugees conducted in November 2020; (2) interviews with 28 representatives of government institutions, development partners, and women's organizations in Kampala and in rural areas; and (3) a review of relevant policy and gray literature on climate change, the green economy, and women's economic empowerment. The report is structured in five sections: introduction in chapter one, chapter two describes the methodology and guiding questions. Chapter three gives an overview of Uganda's policy environment for women's economic empowerment and green growth. Chapter four covers the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on women, their coping mechanisms, and their sources of resilience. The analysis is broken down by sex, age, geography, and refugee status to describe the impacts of the COVID-19 shock across select subgroups. Chapter five identifies opportunities for Uganda to pursue a more gender-inclusive and green recovery, and concludes by offering policy recommendations
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  • 96
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other Agricultural Study
    Keywords: Agribusiness ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Climate Change and Agriculture ; Equity and Development ; Food Security ; Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: This Synthesis report summarizes the main constraints and opportunities that Georgia faces in amplifying the contribution of the agriculture sector to the country's economic growth and diversification, employment creation, poverty reduction, food security and nutrition, and climate resilience and mitigation. Successful achievement of these multiple objectives, however, requires an integrated set of multi-sectoral policies. Synergistic public and private investments in agriculture, water, and land can lead to increased production and productivity by transitioning from low returns from agriculture to high-value crop production
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  • 97
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (74 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Adjognon, Guigonan Serge Incentivizing Social Learning for the Diffusion of Climate-Smart Agricultural Techniques
    Keywords: Agricultural Knowledge and Information Systems ; Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agricultural Training ; Agriculture ; Cash Transfers ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Crop Productivity ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Environment ; Environmental Conservation ; Land Management Benefits ; Land Management Incentives ; Land Use ; Land Use Training ; Peer-To-Peer Land Use Training ; Sustainable Agricultural Techniques ; Sustainable Land Management ; Unsustainable Land Use
    Abstract: Unsustainable land use is a key threat to both economic development and environmental conservation in developing countries. This study implemented a randomized controlled trial in arid Burkina Faso to test the effectiveness of financial incentives in stimulating the adoption of sustainable land management practices (SLMPs). It did so in the context of a so-called cascade training program, in which some farmers were trained in the implementation of sustainable land management practices, who were then asked to disseminate their newly acquired knowledge and expertise to other farmers in their social networks. The study finds that offering payments conditional on adoption improves both the transfer of information from the trained to the peer farmers, as well as the peer farmers' sustainable land management practices adoption rates. Offering financial incentives thus mitigates two of the most important barriers to the adoption of sustainable land management practices - the (perceived) lack of private benefits and insufficient diffusion of the technical implementation information from the trained farmers to their peers. Finally, the study documents that adoption of sustainable land management practices generates substantial increases in crop productivity and agricultural income already after one agricultural cycle
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  • 98
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Blankespoor, Brian Estimating Local Agricultural GDP across the World
    Keywords: Agricultural Sector Economics ; Agriculture ; Crop Value ; Fishery Production ; Forestry Production ; Gross Domestic Product ; Hunting ; Livestock and Animal Husbandry ; Livestock Production ; Local Agriculture ; Macroeconomics and Economic Growth ; Natural Hazards ; Night Time Lights ; Spatial Allocation Model ; Statistics
    Abstract: Economic statistics are frequently produced at an administrative level such as the sub-national division. However, these measures may not adequately capture the local variation in the economic activities that is useful for analyzing local economic development patterns and the exposure to natural disasters. Agriculture GDP is a critical indicator for measurement of the primary sector, on which 60 percent of the world's population depends for their livelihoods. Through a data fusion method based on cross-entropy optimization, this paper disaggregates national and subnational administrative statistics of Agricultural GDP into a global gridded dataset at approximately 10 * 10 kilometers using satellite-derived indicators of the components that make up agricultural GDP, namely crop, livestock, fishery, hunting and timber production. The paper examines the exposure of areas with at least one extreme drought during 2000 to 2009 to agricultural GDP, where nearly 1.2 billion people live. The findings show an estimated USD 432 billion of agricultural GDP circa 2010
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  • 99
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (39 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Gourlay, Sydney Is Dirt Cheap? The Economic Costs of Failing to Meet Soil Health Requirements on Smallholder Farms
    Keywords: Agricultural Growth and Rural Development ; Agricultural Productivity ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Crop Yields ; Household Surveys ; Rural Development ; Smallholders ; Soil ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Technical Efficiency ; Uganda
    Abstract: Agricultural productivity is hindered in smallholder farming systems due to several factors, including farmers' inability to meet crop-specific soil requirements. This paper focuses on soil suitability for maize production and creates multidimensional soil suitability profiles of smallholder maize plots in Uganda, while quantifying forgone production due to cultivation on less-than-suitable land and identifying groups of farmers that are disproportionately impacted. The analysis leverages the unique socioeconomic data from a subnational survey conducted in Eastern Uganda, inclusive of plot-level, objective measures of maize yields and soil attributes. Stochastic frontier models of maize yields are estimated within each soil suitability class to understand differences in returns to inputs, technical efficiency, and potential yield. Only 13 percent of farmers are cultivating soil that is highly suitable for maize production, while the vast majority are cultivating only moderately suitable plots. Farmers cultivating highly suitable soil have the potential to increase their observed yields by as much as 86 percent, while those at the opposite end of the suitability distribution (with marginally suitable land) operate closer to the production frontier and can only increase yields by up to 59 percent, given the current technology set. There is heterogeneity in potential gains across the wealth distribution, with poorer households facing more heavily constrained potential. Assuming no change in technologies and management practices used by Ugandan farmers, there are limited economic gains tied to closing suitability class-specific productivity gaps, or even at the extreme reaching the average potential productivity levels observed in the high suitability class
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  • 100
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (26 pages)
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Park, Hogeun Geography, Institutions, and Global Cropland Dynamics
    Keywords: Land Governance ; Agriculture ; Agriculture and Farming Systems ; Communities and Human Settlements ; Crops and Crop Management Systems ; Inequality ; Land ; Land Administration ; Rural Development ; Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction
    Abstract: The paper studies the dynamics of agricultural land use at the global scale as measured from space using satellite imagery between 2003 and 2018. It shows large global movements in and out of cropland and correlates these movements with biophysical, economic, and institutional variables. The empirical identification of these effects relies on a two-stage approach that disentangles the effect of local geography from national-level characteristics. The paper finds that weak land governance, inequality, and pressure on land resources contribute to land degradation but are less able to explain movements into cropland which could more likely reflect national policies
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