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  • 1995-1999  (95)
  • Dordrecht : Springer  (95)
  • Logic  (69)
  • Education
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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401142311
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (372p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 73
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Semantics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Computational linguistics ; Semiotics. ; Natural language processing (Computer science).
    Kurzfassung: Computational semantics is concerned with computing the meanings of linguistic objects such as sentences, text fragments, and dialogue contributions. As such it is the interdisciplinary child of semantics, the study of meaning and its linguistic encoding, and computational linguistics, the discipline that is concerned with computations on linguistic objects. From one parent computational semantics inherits concepts and techniques that have been developed under the banner of formal (or model-theoretic) semantics. This blend of logic and linguistics applies the methods of logic to the description of meaning. From the other parent the young discipline inherits methods and techniques for parsing sentences, for effective and efficient representation of syntactic structure and logical form, and for reasoning with semantic information. Computational semantics integrates and further develops these methods, concepts and techniques. This book is a collection of papers written by outstanding researchers in the newly emerging field of computational semantics. It is aimed at those linguists, computer scientists, and logicians who want to know more about the algorithmic realisation of meaning in natural language and about what is happening in this field of research. There is a general introduction by the editors
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9789401593151
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 220 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 279
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This book is the first modern examination of the philosophical foundations of intuitionism since Oscar Becker's (1927) Mathematische Existenz. Placek examines the three most widely-known arguments for mathematical intuitionism: Brouwer's, Heyting's and Dummett's. The examination centres on the questions of the intersubjectivity of mathematics and is concerned with understanding and evaluating the arguments. An unprejudiced stance leads to refreshing conclusions concerning Brouwer: the philosophical side of Brouwer's doctrine cannot be accused of such sins as psychologism, solipsism or the advocacy of private meaning. Similarly, examination of the Husserlian grounds of Heyting's explanation of the meaning of logical constants shows that this view of language should not be accused of violating the requirement of intersubjectivity of meaning. The approach of the work is philosophical, rather than mathematical or logico-technical
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  • 3
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401728508
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 205 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Library of Ethics and Applied Philosophy 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Ontology ; Self. ; Philosophy of mind.
    Kurzfassung: What, ultimately, is there good reason to do? This book proposes a unified theory of agent-dependent reasons and agent-independent reasons. It holds that principles which assign reasons to agents are valid if and only if they make maximally good sense in the light of relevant data and background theories. The theory avoids problems encountered by views associated with Nagel, Parfit, Brandt, Hubin, Gert, Baier, and Tiberius, amongst others. By what criteria should a normative theory of ultimate reasons be judged? Plausible meta-level criteria emerge from a process of identifying the criteria that have been used, sometimes unwittingly, by various theorists; categorizing and evaluating the criteria in the light of each other; and proposing revisions on that basis. This method escapes the drawbacks of rival approaches, such as those associated with Parfit, Gert, and Darwall. The resulting criteria cast a favorable light on the proposed normative theory of ultimate reasons
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  • 4
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401139557
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (510p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research 14
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Education, Higher. ; Education and state. ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Kurzfassung: Teaching, Learning, and Thinking About Teaching and Learning -- Costs and Productivity in Higher Education: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications -- Institutional Adaptation: Demands for Management Reform and University Administration -- University Restructuring: The Role of Economic and Political Contexts -- Understanding Strategy: An Assessment of Theory and Practice -- New Colleges for a New Century: Organizational Change and Development in Community Colleges -- Rasch Measurement in Higher Education -- Greek-letter Social Organizations in Higher Education: A Review of Research -- Cultural Capital as an Interpretive Framework for Faculty Life -- Cruel Environments: Sexual Abuse and Harassment in the Academy -- The Global Emergence of a Field: Content, Form, and Promise in Women’s Studies.
    Kurzfassung: To recapitulate, Greeks differ from Independents and from the academy's value priorities, but for the most part these differences derive from antecedent charac­ teristics. Moreover, there are some grounds for speculating that these anteced­ ent differences reflect fundamental temperamental differences (extraversion and gregariousness mediated by social interaction, as opposed to interaction through ideas). Only to a limited degree does the Greek "system" appear to adversely affect the acquisition and assimilation of the academy's value priori­ ties; i.e., students as a whole, Greek and Independent alike, appear to become more independent, liberal, socially concerned, and culturally sophisticated by graduation. However, the Greek system's effect on the behavior of Greeks is more trou­ bling, an effect largely mediated by the use and abuse of alcohol and the relative absence of direct institutional supervision. Assuming the retention of the Greek system, then, the promotion of the acad­ emy's agenda appears dependent on (a) an understanding and accommodation of the personal characteristics of Greeks, using appropriate pedagogical meth­ ods to advance the academy's educational objectives, and (b) both educational and administrative/regulatory efforts to control the use and abuse of alcohol. With or without the Greek system, the advancement of the academy's agenda involves these considerations, since the characteristics of students as a whole encompass the characteristics emphasized among Greeks.
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  • 5
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592338
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 221 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 284
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The nature of truth is one of the central philosophical problems of all time. Truth and Its Nature (if Any) draws together contributions from outstanding analytic philosophers who approach the problem within the context established by the results of Alfred Tarski. The main focus of the majority of the contributions is on the recent debate between the `deflationist' denigration of the truth predicate into a mere contentless grammatical device and `inflationists', who insist, on the contrary, that truth is a crucially deep and substantial concept. The book is divided into four parts. The first is devoted to a reconsideration of some of the classical ideas about truth (especially those of Frege, James and Carnap). The second concentrates on Tarski and on ways to interpret his achievements from our current perspective. The third discusses Donald Davidson's `inflationist' approach to truth and on reasons for seeing truth as substantial. The fourth concentrates on the `deflationist' approach of Paul Horwich
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  • 6
    ISBN: 9789401591812
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 289 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Economics ; Education ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Educational sociology. ; Business. ; Management science.
    Kurzfassung: The fourth volume in the series, Educational Innovation in Economics and Business, brings together sixteen articles to reflect the way in which educational thinking in higher education has undergone a rapid change. The book is divided into four sections. The first section `Learning Objectives and Programme Structures' addresses the theme of the book. It examines how to ensure that the objectives and structures employed are appropriate in the modern environment. The second section `The Structure of the Learning Environment' is a continuation of the first section but focuses on how the learning environment is designed to facilitate the student's learning. The third section `Information Technology in the Learning Environment' contains two articles examining the use of Information Technology as a learning tool. The final section `Evaluating Student Skills' deals with the important issue of developing the student's skills and how they can be evaluated. This volume addresses issues faced by teachers in higher and further education, but also those involved in programmes of study for continuing professional development
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9789401591911
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 252 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 61
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The essays in this volume cover a wide array of topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. It includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. Some of the essays have been written with an historical perspective. The volume is completed by a long commentary on the papers, written by Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. Audience: Scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of the natural and social sciences, history of contemporary philosophy, and inductive logic
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  • 8
    ISBN: 9789401592192
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 225 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Argumentation Library 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Industrial organization (Economic theory) ; Logic ; Ontology ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Industrial organization.
    Kurzfassung: Legal argumentation is a distinctively multidisciplinary field of inquiry. It draws its data, assumptions and methods from disciplines such as legal theory, legal philosophy, logic, argumentation theory, rhetoric, linguistics, literary theory, philosophy, sociology, and artificial intelligence. This presents the growing group of interested scholars and students with a problem of access, since, even for those active in the field, it is not common to have acquired a familiarity with relevant aspects of each discipline that enters into this multidisciplinary matrix. Fundamentals of Legal Argumentation offers its readers a unique and comprehensive survey of the various theoretical influences which have informed the study of legal argumentation. It discusses salient backgrounds to this field as well as all major approaches and trends in the contemporary research. It surveys relevant theoretical factors both from various continental law traditions and common law countries
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  • 9
    ISBN: 9789401721097
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 284 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 280
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: The Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, which took place in Florence in August 1995, offered a vivid and comprehensive picture of the present state of research in all areas of logic and the philosophy of science. The papers chosen for inclusion in the present volume represent a combination of technical results in pure and applied logic with papers devoted to conceptual analysis, deeply rooted in advanced, current research. The selection ranges from contributions in proof theory, model theory, set theory and formal systems, to philosophical logic and the philosophical and foundational problems of logic, mathematics and computer science. The volume is of interest to the logical specialist and scholars interested in critical reflections on the foundations of logic, mathematics and computer science
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  • 10
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591416
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 192 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 43
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Logic ; Ontology ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Kurzfassung: A focus on reasons for action and practical reason is the perspective chosen by many contemporary legal philosophers for the analysis of some central questions of their discipline. This book offers a critical evaluation of that approach, by carefully examining the empirical, logical and normative problems hidden behind the concepts of `reason for action' and `practical reasoning'. Unlike most other works in this field, it is a meta-theoretical study which analyses and compares how different theories use the notion of reason in their reconstruction of problems concerning issues such as normativity, the acceptance of norms, or the justification of judicial decisions. This book is directed primarily to scholars specializing in legal theory and concerned with the contribution practical philosophy can make to it, but it also contains important arguments and insights for all those interested in the controversy between legal positivists and their critics, in the theory of human action or in reason-based practical theories in general
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  • 11
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592437
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 146 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Topoi Library 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book is a study of the foundations of model-theoretic semantics. Its central thesis is that one does not need to assume a perfect structural fit between languages and their models in order to characterise the basic semantic notions. In particular, truth-value gaps and gluts can be explained away as local phenomena that do not bring logical disaster in their wake. Varzi's detailed and original account is based on a generalisation of supervaluationary techniques and is illustrated with reference to a range of different types of examples, from sentential logic to type theory. Audience: The book is self-contained and will appeal to philosophers, logicians, linguists and computer scientists
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  • 12
    ISBN: 9789401728669
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 395 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 286
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Computer science.
    Kurzfassung: Recursive Functions and Metamathematics deals with problems of the completeness and decidability of theories, using as its main tool the theory of recursive functions. This theory is first introduced and discussed. Then Gödel's incompleteness theorems are presented, together with generalizations, strengthenings, and the decidability theory. The book also considers the historical and philosophical context of these issues and their philosophical and methodological consequences. Recent results and trends have been included, such as undecidable sentences of mathematical content, reverse mathematics. All the main results are presented in detail. The book is self-contained and presupposes only some knowledge of elementary mathematical logic. There is an extensive bibliography. Readership: Scholars and advanced students of logic, mathematics, philosophy of science
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  • 13
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401592574
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 344 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 39
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Ethics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences.
    Kurzfassung: Philosophical aspects of law and jurisprudence are investigated from various points of view. This collection represents the analytic approach to legal philosophy. However, this approach is not extreme in the sense that it is limited exclusively to linguistic matters. The concept of norm as a directive of conduct is the central category analyzed in particular essays. The structure of directives as well as their semantic and pragmatic roles are studied. Pragmatic functions of directives are linked with their functioning as speech acts. Moreover, existence and validity of norms are analyzed. The author also touches on general methodological problems of legal theory and philosophy, particularly their relations to social sciences. The collection covers material interesting for philosophers, lawyers and social scientists
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  • 14
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401718523
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VI, 250 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 282
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Ontology ; Philosophy—History. ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This collection of essays presents a systematic and up-to-date survey of the main aspects of Georg Henrik von Wright's philosophy, tracing the general humanistic leitmotiv to be found in his vast, varied output. The analysis covers the developments in Von Wright's thought up to the end of the 1990s. The essays are arranged thematically to focus on the chief areas of Von Wright's interests: practical rationality; human action and determinism; philosophical logic and theories of norms; research in the analytical tradition; and Wittgenstein studies. Readership: Scholars and students of moral philosophy, logic, psychology, sociology, cognitive science and the history of contemporary philosophy
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  • 15
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401721134
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 238 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 278
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The essays in this volume develop the ideas of Kant, Hegel and Husserl, leading to an explication of the fundamental concepts of logic - the concepts of `judgment', `truth' and the modalities. It is a book on philosophy of logic, spanning the gap between Kant and Hegel on the one hand, and Husserl, Frege and Lask on the other, mediated by such thinkers as Heidegger and König. With the rejection of psychologism, logic is to be construed as concerned with meanings, meanings are to be tied nevertheless to intentional acts of thinking, truth becomes a coherence-theoretical reconstruction of correspondence and, in their origin, modalities are connected to the horizontal character of experience. At one end, logic develops, through formal and transcendental logics, to speculative logic. At the other end, pursuing the practical roots of thinking, it becomes hermeneutic logic. Then we begin to see the nature of logic as a whole. Audience::Philosophers and logicians, both graduate and post-graduate
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  • 16
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401593137
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 289 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. Questions to Nature, of course, must include observations and experiments. Hintikka shows, in fact, how the logic of experimental inquiry can be understood from the interrogative vantage point. Other important topics examined include induction (in a forgotten sense that has nevertheless played a role in science), explanation, the incommensurability of theories, theory-ladenness of observations, and identifiability
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  • 17
    ISBN: 9789401706896
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 347 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1998], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 6
    Serie: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 6
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematical logic. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: The larger part of Yearbook 6 of the Institute Vienna Circle constitutes the proceedings of a symposium on Alfred Tarski and his influence on and interchanges with the Vienna Circle, especially those on and with Rudolf Carnap and Kurt Gödel. It is the first time that this topic has been treated on such a scale and in such depth. Attention is mainly paid to the origins, development and subsequent role of Tarski's definition of truth. Some contributions are primarily historical, others analyze logical aspects of the concept of truth. Contributors include Anita and Saul Feferman, Jan Wolenski, Jan Tarski and Hans Sluga. Several Polish logicians contributed: Gzegorczyk, Wójcicki, Murawski and Rojszczak. The volume presents entirely new biographical material on Tarski, both from his Polish period and on his influential career in the United States: at Harvard, in Princeton, at Hunter, and at the University of California at Berkeley. The high point of the analysis involves Tarski's influence on Carnap's evolution from a narrow syntactical view of language, to the ontologically more sophisticated but more controversial semantical view. Another highlight involves the interchange between Tarski and Gödel on the connection between truth and proof and on the nature of metalanguages. The concluding part of Yearbook 6 includes documentation, book reviews and a summary of current activities of the Institute Vienna Circle. Jan Tarski introduces letters written by his father to Gödel; Paolo Parrini reports on the Vienna Circle's influence in Italy; several reviews cover recent books on logical empiricism, on Gödel, on cosmology, on holistic approaches in Germany, and on Mauthner
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  • 18
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400708143
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 65 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Applied Logic Series 11/2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The mid-1980s saw the discovery of logical tools that make it possible to model changes in belief and knowledge in entirely new ways. These logical tools turned out to be applicable to both human beliefs and to the contents of databases. Philosophers, logicians, and computer scientists have contributed to making this interdisciplinary field one of the most exciting in the cognitive scientists - and one that is expanding rapidly. This, the first textbook in the new area, contains both discursive chapters with a minimum of formalism and formal chapters in which proofs and proof methods are presented. Using different selections from the formal sections, according to the author's detailed advice, allows the book to be used at all levels of university education. A supplementary volume contains solutions to the 210 exercises. The volume's unique, comprehensive coverage means that it can also be used by specialists in the field of belief dynamics and related areas, such as non-monotonic reasoning and knowledge representation
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  • 19
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401152921
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (308p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 277
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Computational linguistics ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: Fitting and Mendelsohn present a thorough treatment of first-order modal logic, together with some propositional background. They adopt throughout a threefold approach. Semantically, they use possible world models; the formal proof machinery is tableaus; and full philosophical discussions are provided of the way that technical developments bear on well-known philosophical problems. The book covers quantification itself, including the difference between actualist and possibilist quantifiers; equality, leading to a treatment of Frege's morning star/evening star puzzle; the notion of existence and the logical problems surrounding it; non-rigid constants and function symbols; predicate abstraction, which abstracts a predicate from a formula, in effect providing a scoping function for constants and function symbols, leading to a clarification of ambiguous readings at the heart of several philosophical problems; the distinction between nonexistence and nondesignation; and definite descriptions, borrowing from both Fregean and Russellian paradigms
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  • 20
    ISBN: 9789401152600
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 242 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 271
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Social sciences Philosophy ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Statistics ; Science—Philosophy. ; Philosophy and social sciences. ; Probabilities.
    Kurzfassung: There are two competing pictures of science. One considers science as a system of inferences, whereas another looks at science as a system of actions. The essays included in this collection offer a view which intends to combine both pictures. This compromise is well illustrated by Szaniawski's analysis of statistical inferences. It is shown that traditional approaches to the foundations of statistics do not need to be regarded as conflicting with each other. Thus, statistical rules can be treated as rules of behaviour as well as rules of inference. Szaniawski's uniform approach relies on the concept of rationality, analyzed from the point of view of decision theory. Applications of formal tools to the problem of justice and division of goods shows that the concept of rationality has a wider significance. Audience: The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, logicians, ethicists and mathematicians
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  • 21
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401155625
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (344p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science & Technology Education Library 3
    Serie: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Semantics ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; Artificial intelligence ; Sociolinguistics ; Semiotics. ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Kurzfassung: The book employs a rich set of theoretical frames to yield a panorama of research findings having potential interest for educational researchers, policy makers, teacher educators and K-12 teachers. Roth's ideal science classrooms feature creative and inquisitive students working together to solve problems that interest them. More learning occurs at centers of high pupil density and students who participate most in on-task activities are not necessarily those who contribute or learn most. Roth identifies weaknesses of assessment based on products only and highlights the advantages of using videotapes as sources for assessment. Roth shows that student learning is not only a result of individual sense-making efforts but involves interactions between living and artifactual components of a community of participants. `This book promises to be a turning point for science educators involved in social constructivist reform; they will be challenged to reconsider the gloss that they have painted over the social dimension of knowledge construction.' Peter C. Taylor, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
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  • 22
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401720458
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 249 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Mathematics ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; History.
    Kurzfassung: The foundations of mathematics are examined by reference to such crucial concepts as the informational independence of quantifiers, the standard-nonstandard distinction, completeness, computability, parallel processing and the extremality of models
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  • 23
    ISBN: 9789401150521
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 388 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 76
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Artificial intelligence ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The late Hector-Neri Castañeda, the Mahlon Powell Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University, and founding editor of Noûs, has deeply influenced current analytic pjilosophy with diverse contributions, including guise theory, the theory on indicators and quasi-indicators, and the proposition/practition theory. This volume collects 15 papers - for the most part previously unpublished - in ontology, philosophy of language, cognitive science and related areas by ex-students of Professor Castañeda, most of whom are now well-known researchers or even distinguished scholars. The authors share the conviction that Castañeda's work must continue to be explored and that his philosophical methodology must continue to be applied in an effort to further illuminate all the issues that he so deeply investigated. The topics covered by the contributions include intensional contexts, possible worlds, quasi-indicators, guise theory, property theory, Russell's substitutional theory of propositions, event theory, the adverbial theory of mental attitudes, existentialist ontology, and Plato's, Leibniz's, Kant's and Peirce's ontologies. An introduction by the editors relates all these themes to Castañeda's philosophical interests and methodology
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  • 24
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401152266
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (368p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: New ICMI Study Series 5
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mathematics ; International education . ; Comparative education. ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; History.
    Kurzfassung: In recent years geometry seems to have lost large parts of its former central position in mathematics teaching in most countries. However, new trends have begun to counteract this tendency. There is an increasing awareness that geometry plays a key role in mathematics and learning mathematics. Although geometry has been eclipsed in the mathematics curriculum, research in geometry has blossomed as new ideas have arisen from inside mathematics and other disciplines, including computer science. Due to reassessment of the role of geometry, mathematics educators and mathematicians face new challenges. In the present ICMI study, the whole spectrum of teaching and learning of geometry is analysed. Experts from all over the world took part in this study, which was conducted on the basis of recent international research, case studies, and reports on actual school practice. This book will be of particular interest to mathematics educators and mathematicians who are involved in the teaching of geometry at all educational levels, as well as to researchers in mathematics education
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  • 25
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589963
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 216 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 269
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Phenomenology ; Philosophy of mind ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Intentionality is one of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary phenomenology and analytic philosophy. This book investigates intentionality from the point of view of intentional objects. According to the classical approach to this concept, whatever can be consciously experienced is regarded as an intentional object. Thus, not only ordinary existing individuals but also various kinds of non-existents and non-individuals are considered as intentional (including such bizarre entities as quantifier objects: `some dog', `every dog'). Alexius Meinong, an Austrian philosopher, is particularly well-known as the `inventor' of an abundant ontology of objects among which even incomplete and impossible ones, like `the round square', find their place. Drawing inspirations from Meinong's ideas, the author develops a simple logic of intentional objects, M-logic. M-logic closely resembles classical first-order logic and, as opposed to the formally complicated contemporary theories of non-existent objects, it is much more friendly in apprehending and applications. However, despite this resemblance, the ontological content of M-logic far exceeds that of classical logic. In this book formal investigations are intertwined with philosophical analyses. On the one hand, M-logic is used as a tool for investigating formal features of intentional objects. On the other hand, the study of intentionality phenomena suggests further ways of extending and modifying M-logic. Audience: The book is addressed to logicians, cognitive scientists, philosophers of language and metaphysics with either a phenomenological or an analytic background
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  • 26
    ISBN: 9789401589949
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 191 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 72
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    Schlagwort(e): Humanities ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Linguistics. ; Philosophy. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: The papers in this volume represent leading-edge work by well-known scholars on the topics mentioned in the title: discourse, interaction, and communication. They report work done from widely divergent points on the theoretical spectrum of cognitive science, and from different disciplinary starting points (philosophy, logic, linguistics, artificial intelligence). Not only do these works faithfully represent the main topics and the wide range of differing positions presented at the Fourth International Colloquium on Cognitive Science (ICCS-95), but despite their differences (or perhaps because of these differences) they also display many clear directions for future research in these three central areas of cognitive science. This book is essential reading for all researchers in cognitive science
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  • 27
    ISBN: 9789401713887
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIX, 353 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Learning, Psychology of. ; Educational technology.
    Kurzfassung: The third volume in the series Educational Innovation in Economics and Business contains a unique selection of articles describing different aspects of the development of innovative platforms for business education. It is a comprehensive examination of how business educators may develop innovative learning platforms. It describes new educational technologies like action-based learning, problem-based learning, student-centred education, partnerships between education and business and computer-based education. The focus of this edited volume is not only business education as such, but it also examines the influence of other disciplines on business education. Audience: Teachers in higher and further education, trainers at corporate education centers, and educational psychologists, as well as university or faculty administrators involved in innovative practices in business education
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  • 28
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401148504
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 390 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 46
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Personnel management.
    Kurzfassung: The purpose of Evaluating Corporate Training is to provide training professionals in business and industry, and students of human resources development, with an overview of current models and issues in educational evaluation. This book will provide students of educational evaluation, practitioners in training functions, their managers, and other HRD professionals with insights that will advance the profession and the clients it serves. The book is organized around three themes: context, models, and issues. The chapters in the context section are intended to provide the reader with an understanding of the social, organizational, and interpersonal factors that provide background and give meaning to evaluation practice. The models section brings together contributions from some of the most influential thinkers and practitioners in the field. The chapters in this section provide perspective on the dominant themes and emergent trends from individuals who have been, and continue to be, the drivers of those trends. Contributions to the issues section highlight some pervasive themes as well as illuminating new areas of concern and interest that will affect how we assess learning interventions in the organizations of today and tomorrow
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  • 29
    ISBN: 9789400708488
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 192 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 34
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Philosophy of law ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Law—History. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Legal statements are, according to the authors, the most basic elements of the law. Nevertheless they must be considered not only as the pieces of a puzzle, but also as the components of a dynamic and highly complex reality: the law of contemporary society. The book presents an analysis of the different types of legal statements (mandatory rules, principles, power-conferring rules, definitions, permissions, values and the rule of recognition) from a threeefold perspective, that is, considering their logical structure, their function in legal reasoning as reasons for action, and their connections with the interests and power relationships among the individuals and the social groups. The result is conceived as a first step in the building of a general theory of law designed not as an isolated discourse but as a decisive element for the dynamization of the legal culture
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  • 30
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401157360
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 310 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Nijhoff International Philosophy Series 54
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: Between the two world wars, Stanislaw Lesniewski (1886-1939), created the famous and important system of foundations of mathematics that comprises three deductive theories: Protothetic, Ontology, and Mereology. His research started in 1914 with studies on the general theory of sets (later named `Mereology'). Ontology followed between 1919 and 1921, and was the next step towards an integrated system. In order to combine these two systematically he constructed Protothetic - the system of `first principles'. Together they amount to what Z. Jordan called `.. most thorough, original, and philosophically significant attempt to provide a logically secure foundation for the whole of mathematics'. The volume collects many of the most significant commentaries on, and contributions to, Protothetic. A Protothetic Bibliography is included
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  • 31
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401152501
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (393p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 270
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This collection of essays is the definitive version of a widely discussed debate over the origins of the New Theory of Reference. In new articles written especially for this volume, Quentin Smith and Scott Soames, the original participants in the debate, elaborate their positions on who was responsible for the ideas that Saul Kripke presented in his Naming and Necessity. They are joined by John Burgess, who weighs in on the side of Soames, while Smith adds a further dimension in discussing the contributions of philosophers such as Føllesdal, Geach, Hintikka, and Plantinga. Also included are lengthy excerpts from Føllesdal's 1961 Harvard dissertation and a careful examination by Sten Lindström of the respective contributions of Kripke and Stig Kanger to the development of modal semantics. The collection will be essential reading for anyone acquainted with these influential ideas
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  • 32
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401150545
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 453 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic. ; Probabilities.
    Kurzfassung: Belief change is an emerging field of artificial intelligence and information science dedicated to the dynamics of information and the present book provides a state-of-the-art picture of its formal foundations. It deals with the addition, deletion and combination of pieces of information and, more generally, with the revision, updating and fusion of knowledge bases. The book offers an extensive coverage of, and seeks to reconcile, two traditions in the kinematics of belief that often ignore each other - the symbolic and the numerical (often probabilistic) approaches. Moreover, the work encompasses both revision and fusion problems, even though these two are also commonly investigated by different communities. Finally, the book presents the numerical view of belief change, beyond the probabilistic framework, covering such approaches as possibility theory, belief functions and convex gambles. The work thus presents a unified view of belief change operators, drawing from a widely scattered literature embracing philosophical logic, artificial intelligence, uncertainty modelling and database systems. The material is a clearly organised guide to the literature on the dynamics of epistemic states, knowledge bases and uncertain information, suitable for scholars and graduate students familiar with applied logic, knowledge representation and uncertain reasoning
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  • 33
    ISBN: 9789401152686
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 395 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Education—Philosophy. ; Learning. ; Instruction. ; Educational technology.
    Kurzfassung: This second volume in the series Educational Innovation in Economics and Business is dedicated to the theme of quality in business and economics education. The first volume focused on problem-based learning. This one shares a strong emphasis on innovative educational technology that puts the student in an active position and so makes the switch from teaching to learning. Alongside problem-based learning, examples of such student-centred modes of education discussed in several contributions to this volume are: experiential learning, resource-based learning, research learning and computer-based learning. The question of quality arises in any curriculum, whether student-centred or teacher-centred. So another group of papers discusses the general issue of quality audit, quality assessment and quality improvement in higher education. Special attention is paid to the role student assessment and student feedback play in achieving and maintaining a high level of quality. This volume addresses itself to teachers in higher and further education, trainers at corporate education centres, and educational psychologists as well as university or faculty administrators involved in curriculum design
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  • 34
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401152242
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 221 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science & Technology Education Library 4
    Serie: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Humanities ; History ; Philosophy. ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Educational sociology.
    Kurzfassung: Global science education is a reality at the end of the 20th century - albeit an uneven reality - because of tremendous technological and economic pressures. Unfortunately, this reality is rarely examined in the light of what interests the everyday lives of ordinary people rather than the lives of political and economic elites. The purpose of this book is to offer insightful and thought-provoking commentary on both realities. The tacit question throughout the book is `Whose interests are being served by current science education practices and policies?' The various chapters offer critical analysis from the perspectives of culture, economics, epistemology, equity, gender, language, and religion in an effort to promote a reflective science education that takes place within, rather than taking over, the important cultural lives of people. The target audience for the book includes graduate students in education, science education and education policy professors, policy and government officials involved with education
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  • 35
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591270
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 306 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 45
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Kurzfassung: The Moment of Change is the first systematic history of one of the oldest problems in the philosophy of space and time: How is the change from one state to its opposite to be described? Authors treated in this book range from Plato, Aristotle, medieval logicians, Kant, Brentano and Russell to contemporary authors, taking into account such theories as interval semantics and paraconsistent logic. The texts are analysed under two main aspects: Which (if any) of the opposite states does the moment of change belong to? And does it contain an instantaneous event? In the last part a new way of treating the moment of change is developed, which leads to a solution to Zeno's Flying Arrow Paradox. Audience: The book will be of interest to advanced students and scholars of analytic philosophy and the history of philosophy
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  • 36
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401727068
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (V, 386 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 69
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Logic ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: The eight papers collected in Plurality and Quantification address three central issues in the study of plurality and quantification in natural languages. The first major theme regards algebraic approaches to plurals and quantification that have emerged as the leading paradigm for the study of these empirical phenomena over the last decade. The second main issue concerns the philosophical and mathematical foundations of concepts such as distributivity and collectivity. Finally, the authors address a broad range of empirical phenomena in Germanic and Romance languages, including the influence of Aktionsart on plural noun phrases, negative polarity, mass terms, plural quantification, and noun phrase conjunction. Many of the papers shed new light on the question of how many readings have to be assigned to plural sentences and on the respective consequences for the architecture of the syntax-semantics interface. Furthermore, most of the contributions contain insights which bear upon the study of the structure of universal grammar. Audience: Plurality and Quantification will interest linguists, graduate students in semantics and syntax, philosophers of language and philosophical logicians interested in the semantics of natural language
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  • 37
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401149686
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 198 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 74
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Ontology ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: In the `Preliminary Dissertation' of his Theodicy, Leibniz declares himself an apologist for the compatibilist doctrines of original sin, election and reprobation propounded by the theologians of the Augsburg Confession. According to those theologians, man's actions are determined but man retains the power to act otherwise and therefore is responsible for his actions. Savage argues that Leibniz, in formulating his apology, availed himself of both his doctrine of possible worlds and his finite-infinite analysis distinction (the latter being applied within the former). Savage challenges the dogma that Leibniz's metaphysical principles entail that individuals are powerless to act otherwise and that God cannot conceive of them acting otherwise. He argues that interpreters deduce the dogma from those principles with the aid of dubious extra-textual premises, for example, that a Leibnizian individual has only one complete concept or cannot be persons other than the person it actually is
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  • 38
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401736169
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 469 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 276
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Constructive mathematics is based on the thesis that the meaning of a mathematical formula is given, not by its truth-conditions, but in terms of what constructions count as a proof of it. However, the meaning of the terms `construction' and `proof' has never been adequately explained (although Kriesel, Goodman and Martin-Löf have attempted axiomatisations). This monograph develops precise (though not wholly formal) definitions of construction and proof, and describes the algorithmic substructure underlying intuitionistic logic. Interpretations of Heyting arithmetic and constructive analysis are given. The philosophical basis of constructivism is explored thoroughly in Part I. The author seeks to answer objections from platonists and to reconcile his position with the central insights of Hilbert's formalism and logic. Audience: Philosophers of mathematics and logicians, both academic and graduate students, particularly those interested in Brouwer and Hilbert; theoretical computer scientists interested in the foundations of functional programming languages and program correctness calculi
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  • 39
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401717397
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 333 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: This volume deals with approaches to handling contradictory information. These include approaches for actual contradiction - both A and not-A can be proven from the information - and approaches for potential contradiction - where the information may contain arguments for A and arguments for not-A, but the system suppresses the contradiction by, for example, preferring some arguments over others. Approaches covered include paraconsistent logics, modal logics, default logics, conditional logics, defeasible logics and paraconsistent semantics for logic programming. The volume is of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence, software engineering, logic, language and philosophy. This volume is the first handbook to give a comprehensive coverage of handling contradictory information
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  • 40
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401590990
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 194 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 36
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Law—Philosophy. ; Law—History.
    Kurzfassung: This book describes extensions of deontic logic. Deontic logic is a branch of philosophical logic involving reasoning with norms, obligations, prohibitions and permissions. The extensions concern the logical structure of legal rules and legal reasoning. Their function is to improve the representation of legal knowledge and enhance deontic logic through increased expressibility. The resulting formulas acquire new meanings, not expressible in standard deontic logic, which are subject to fresh interpretations. The author offers an extensive analysis of the representation of actors, to whom the norms are directed, and authorities who enact the norms. Moreover, a distinction is made between enactment and applicability. A modality of enactment can be used to express inconsistent enacted norms in a consistent way. An authority-hierarchy is introduced to filter out the applicable norms from the set of enacted norms. Some related philosophical questions will be discussed regarding the applications of formalisms that are intrinsic to practical science with respect to `consistency' and `universality'. The formalisms and applications considered here are relevant for law, philosophy and computer science, with a special focus on the improvement of legal expert systems and intelligent support for legal professionals
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  • 41
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401591232
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 202 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 37
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Constitutional law ; Law—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The main purpose of this book is to offer a logical analysis of legal propositions, especially of constitutional propositions. This analysis shows the relationship between truth-conditions of legal propositions and the problem of indeterminacy. Where the law is indeterminate, legal propositions lack truth-values. The background of this approach is the philosophical debate between realism and antirealism. The book deals with the notions of legal norms and legal systems and provides an analysis of the notion of legal indeterminacy and its relation to gaps, contradictions and the vagueness of legal concepts. It shows also that the simple model of a legal system is not sufficient to account for the complexity of legal propositions referring to legal systems of some degree of maturity. Several notions from legal dynamics are presented in order to bring to light the importance of concepts like applicability or hierarchy for the determination of the truth-value of a legal proposition. Thus the primacy of constitution becomes a central idea in the theoretical reconstruction of most contemporary legal systems; a conceptual explanation of this idea is presented and some conclusions from that explanation are drawn. Finally, a particular conception of constitutional interpretation is proposed. Special attention is paid to the relationship between interpretation and legal indeterminacy and, more specifically, to the problem of the discretion enjoyed by the organs entrusted with applying the constitution and also to the several theses that have been discussed controversially in the context of constitutional interpretation, such as the relevance of the intentions for the interpretation of the constitution and for the justification of judicial review
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  • 42
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401725316
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 310 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy—History. ; Linguistics. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Several of the basic ideas of current language theory are subjected to critical scrutiny and found wanting, including the concept of scope, the hegemony of generative syntax, the Frege-Russell claim that verbs like `is' are ambiguous, and the assumptions underlying the so-called New Theory of Reference. In their stead, new constructive ideas are proposed
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  • 43
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401156905
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXIX, 361 Seiten) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Episteme, A Series in the Foundational, Methodological, Philosophical, Psychological, Sociological, and Political Aspects of the Sciences, Pure and Applied 22
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    Schlagwort(e): Mathematics ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The book is of interest to general philosophers of science, thanks to the attention paid to logical, linguistic and ontological issues regarding mathematics. People interested in foundational research will find penetrating papers regarding structuralist and set-theoretical approaches. Scientists may appreciate the analyses of the role of mathematics in several sciences
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  • 44
    ISBN: 9789400914650
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1364p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Kluwer International Handbooks of Education 4
    Serie: Springer International Handbooks of Education 4
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Curriculum planning ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; Education—Curricula.
    Kurzfassung: This Handbook presents an overview and analysis of the international `state-of-the-field' of mathematics education at the end of the 20th century. The more than 150 authors, editors and chapter reviewers involved in its production come from a range of countries and cultures. They have created a book of 36 original chapters in four sections, surveying the variety of practices, and the range of disciplinary interconnections, which characterise the field today, and providing perspectives on the study of mathematics education for the 21st century. It is first and foremost a reference work, and will appeal to anyone seeking up-to-date knowledge about the main developments in mathematics education. These will include teachers, student teachers and student researchers starting out on a serious study of the subject, as well as experienced researchers, teacher educators, educational policy-makers and curriculum developers who need to be aware of the latest areas of knowledge development
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  • 45
    ISBN: 9789401153560
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXVII, 289 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 45
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: Every school district needs a system of sound superintendent performance evaluation. School district superintendents are and must be accountable to their school boards, communities, faculties, and students for delivering effective educational leadership. To assure that they are evaluated fairly, competently, and functionally, superintendents need to help their school boards plan and implement evaluation systems that adhere to the evaluation standards. Superintendent Performance Evaluation outlines some of the problems and deficiencies in current evaluation practice and offers professionally-based leads for strengthening or replacing superintendent performance evaluation systems. This book focuses on the on-the-job performance of school district superintendents as they implement school board policy. The decision to focus on performance evaluation reflects the importance of this kind of evaluation in the move to raise educational standards and improve educational accountability. Boards and superintendents are advised to make superintendent performance evaluation an integral part of the district's larger system for evaluating district needs, plans, processes, and accomplishments
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  • 46
    ISBN: 9789401145381
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (304 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Encyclopedia of Language and Education 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Applied linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Sociolinguistics
    Kurzfassung: This volume covers basic fields of Sociolinguistics and the Sociology of Language; both macro- and micro-domains are presented in the fields of language teaching, minority languages, and problems of language acquisition as well as practical issues of curricula planning and textbook writing. The most prominent scholars in these fields provide extensive descriptions of the important literature, and of the basic questions in the respective domains, as well as examples of ongoing research, and discuss future possible developments in these fields. This book addresses students and active scholars in the social sciences as well as public officials in education, language teachers and textbook writers, therefore both theoreticians and practitioners
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  • 47
    ISBN: 9789401712231
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 260 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 261
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: This book tries to explore, in language as non-technical as possible, the deepest philosophical problems regarding the logical status of empty (singular) terms such as `Pegasus', `Batman', `The impossible staircase departs in Escher's painting `Ascending-Descending'+ etc., and regarding sentences which deny the existence of singled-out fictional entities. It will be fascinating for literary theorists with a flair for logic, to students of metaphysics and philosophy of language, and for historians of philosophy interested in the fate of the Russell-Meinong debate. For teachers of these aspects of analytic philosophy this will provide a textbook which goes beyond the Western tradition (without plunging into any mystical Eastern `Emptiness', which is what some previous comparative philosophers did!)
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  • 48
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588751
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VII, 472 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 189
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 189
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Perspectives on Time deals with the problem of time from different perspectives such as logic, physics and philosophy. It contains 18 previously unpublished papers, written by philosophers from various European countries, as well as a large introduction about the history and the main situation in the respective fields today. The prominent issues which are addressed in this book concern the direction of time, the reality of tenses, the objectivity of becoming, the existence in time, and the logical structures of reasoning about time. The papers have been written based on different approaches, partly depending on whether the authors subscribe to an A-theory or a B-theory of time. Audience: Due to the broad variety of approaches the book contains important contributions both for philosophers, philosophers of science, logicians and for scientists working in the field of language and AI
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  • 49
    ISBN: 9789401704878
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 534 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 259
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first of two volumes comprising the papers submitted for publication by the invited participants to the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Florence, August 1995. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited lectures published in the two volumes demonstrate much of what goes on in the fields of the Congress and give the state of the art of current research. The two volumes cover the traditional subdisciplines of mathematical logic and philosophical logic, as well as their interfaces with computer science, linguistics and philosophy. Philosophy of science is broadly represented, too, including general issues of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. The papers in Volume One are concerned with logic, mathematical logic, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, and computer science
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  • 50
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 398 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 264
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Ontology
    Kurzfassung: Axiomatic Formal Ontology is a fairly comprehensive systematic treatise on general metaphysics. The axiomatic method is applied throughout the book. Its main theme is the construction of a general non-set-theoretical theory of intensional entities. Other important matters discussed are the metaphysics of modality, the nature of actual existence, mereology and the taxonomy of entities
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  • 51
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401589758
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 314 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 32
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book, the expanded and completely revised text of the author's renowned 1993 dissertation, studies the logical aspects of legal reasoning, in order to provide philosophical foundations for legal applications of Artificial Intelligence. It respects that legal reasoning often takes place in a disputational setting, and observes that the law leaves ample room for disagreement, which means that lawyers reason under the possibility of exceptions and with contradictory legal sources, and cannot do without non-deductive reasoning forms, such as analogical reasoning. The study shows that, contrary to what is often said, these features do not escape a logical analysis if recent developments in logic and Artificial Intelligence on so-called non-monotonic reasoning and defeasible argumentation are used, and if logic is regarded as a tool in, rather than as, a model of legal argument. This book is relevant for scholars in legal philosophy, artificial intelligence, logic and argumentation theory, and can also serve as a textbook for graduate courses in AI & Law, non-monotonic reasoning and legal argumentation
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  • 52
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588737
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 266 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 27
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Law ; Philosophy of law ; Computers Law and legislation ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Law—Philosophy. ; Computers—Law and legislation. ; Information technology—Law and legislation. ; Law—History.
    Kurzfassung: Rule-applying legal arguments are traditionally treated as a kind of syllogism. Such a treatment overlooks the fact that legal principles and rules are not statements which describe the world, but rather means by which humans impose structure on the world. Legal rules create legal consequences, they do not describe them. This has consequences for the logic of rule- and principle-applying arguments, the most important of which may be that such arguments are defeasible. This book offers an extensive analysis of the role of rules and principles in legal reasoning, which focuses on the close relationship between rules, principles, and reasons. Moreover, it describes a logical theory which assigns a central place to the notion of reasons for and against a conclusion, and which is especially suited to deal with rules and principles
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  • 53
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    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401704397
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 317 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 266
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Humanities ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy of mind ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Contemporary Action Theory, Volume I (Individual Action) is concerned with topics in philosophical action theory such as reasons and causes of action, intentions, freedom of will and of action, omissions and norms in legal and ethical contexts, as well as activity, passivity and competence from medical points of view. Cognitive trying, freedom of the will and agent causation are challenges in the discussion on computers in action. The Volume consists of contributions by leading experts in the field written specifically for this volume. No comparable volume currently exists
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  • 54
    ISBN: 9789401586016
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 269 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Jaakko Hintikka Selected Papers 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Twentieth-century philosophy has tacitly been dominated by a deep contrast between universalist and model-theoretical visions of language. The role of this contrast is studied here in Peirce, Frege, Wittgenstein, Carnap, Quine, Husserl, Heidegger and in the development of logical theory. Hintikka also develops a new approach to truth-definitions which strongly supports the model-theoretical view
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  • 55
    ISBN: 9789401145350
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 392 p. 1 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Encyclopedia of Language and Education 8
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Applied linguistics ; Anthropological linguistics ; Psycholinguistics ; Sociolinguistics
    Kurzfassung: The present volume seeks to enable language and education practitioners, researchers, and interested lay readers alike to get a sense of the range of issues being pursued in language and education research and the array of methods employed to do so. A major assumption of the volume is that both micro and macro perspectives and both social and linguistic levels of analysis are critical for an understanding of the interaction between language and education. It is organized in four parts, focusing in turn on language and education in relation to society, variation, culture, and interaction. The contributing scholars hail from five continents and nine countries; they represent a great diversity of linguistic, cultural, and disciplinary traditions. For all that, what is most impressive about this volume is the unity of purpose and outlook with regard to the central role of language as both vehicle and mediator of educational processes and to the need for continued and deepening research into the limits and possibilities that implies
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  • 56
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401588515
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 358 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 263
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Ethics ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Operations research ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Relevant to philosophy, law, management, and artificial intelligence, these papers explore the applicability of nonmonotonic or defeasible logic to normative reasoning. The resulting systems purport to solve well-known deontic paradoxes and to provide a better treatment than classical deontic logic does of prima facie obligation, conditional obligation, and priorities of normative principles
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  • 57
    ISBN: 9789400915732
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (1176p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Kluwer International Handbooks of Education 1
    Serie: Springer International Handbooks of Education 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Curriculum planning ; School management and organization. ; School administration. ; Curriculums (Courses of study). ; Education—Curricula.
    Kurzfassung: The International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration offers a comprehensive account of contemporary research and theory on educational leadership from a broadly international perspective. The 31 chapters included in the book address five basic themes: the context for leadership and administration; leadership development processes; cognitive perspectives in educational leadership; conceptions of leadership and administrative practice; and critical perspectives on educational administration. This is the only English-language review of leadership and administration theory and research that is extensive in scope and reflective of educational leadership issues in the developed, English-speaking world. The depth of treatment provided by the book makes it an essential reference for scholars in the field as well as serious leadership practitioners wishing to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art of knowledge concerning their work
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  • 58
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400902930
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 433 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: 1
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 255
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, modern ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Prior's view on intensionality and truth is based on the principle that sentences never name, that what sentences say cannot be otherwise signified, that a sentence says what it says whatever the type of its occurrence, and that sentential quantification is neither eliminable, substitutional, nor referential. The text defends each of these principles
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  • 59
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400916630
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 384 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: The New Synthese Historical Library, Texts and Studies in the History of Philosophy 43
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, classical ; Logic ; Philosophy, medieval ; Metaphysics ; Philosophy, Ancient.
    Kurzfassung: The Logic of Essentialism surveys the major interpretations, ancient, medieval and modern, of Aristotle's Modal Syllogistic. It presents a framework within which these competing interpretations are compared and evaluated. A new interpretation is developed, which agrees in large measure with Aristotle's text, including his theses, methods of proof, and use of examples. This interpretation reads Aristotle's modal sentences de re, and attaches considerable importance to his use of ecthesis and counter-examples. It features a formal semantic analysis that makes no reference to possible worlds, and it articulates the links, both theoretical and genetic, between the modal syllogistic and Aristotle's essentialist metaphysics
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  • 60
    ISBN: 9789400903630
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 44
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; International education . ; Comparative education.
    Kurzfassung: Examining the Examinations looks at the required advanced science and mathematics examinations taken by university-bound students in seven countries. This research focuses on topics covered, types of questions used, and performance expected from students. The book concentrates on comparisons of the examinations, illustrating their similarities and differences with selected questions taken from the actual examinations. The international comparisons presented offer a window on educational `laboratories' in seven countries
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  • 61
    ISBN: 9789400915756
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 331 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 177
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 177
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; History ; Mathematical logic. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: This is the first of two volumes of essays dedicated to the eminent and pioneering logician, Hugues Leblanc. The volumes comprise the first, full-scale, English-language collection of studies in the philosophy and history of science from the French and English culture of Québec. They will be appreciated as a major contribution to North-American philosophy of science. Audience: The first volume is of particular interest to students and scholars engaged in research into the philosophical foundations and history of logic, mathematics and physics
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  • 62
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401101431
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (276p. 8 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science & Technology Education Library 2
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    Schlagwort(e): Science Study and teaching ; Education ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Kurzfassung: The theme of Gender, Science and Mathematics is that change agents, such as teachers and curriculum writers, have a key role in the translation of gender equity policy into gender equitable practices in science and mathematics education. The first section emphasizes that a necessary prerequisite for successful action is for scientists, students, teachers, teacher trainees, curriculum writers and researchers to confront the many different and often conflicting perspectives on the relationship between gender, science and mathematics. The second section presents a number of analyses of the reality of schools, classrooms, curriculum and assessment. Finally, the third section describes a variety of projects that have achieved some success in bringing about more equitable science and mathematics education. Ways are suggested in which future research and action can build on these expectations. The book provides vivid examples and adopts a practical approach. The recent research and thinking presented has a wide and general applicability. Audience: Designed for use throughout the world in university and college courses and by policy makers concerned with the gender/science/mathematics relationship
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  • 63
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400916968
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 278 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Mathematics Education Library 17
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Kurzfassung: Why are mathematical ideas so hard? Is mathematics an unassailable peak, which only the few can ever hope to conquer? Or can mathematics be broadened to be accessible to the many? Noss and Hoyles have written a book which challenges some of the conventional wisdoms on the learning of mathematics. They use the computer as a window onto mathematical meaning-making, drawing together the threads of their individual and collaborative research over more than a decade. The pivot of their theory is the idea of webbing, which explains how someone struggling with a new mathematical idea can draw on supportive knowledge, and reconciles the individual's role in mathematical learning with the part played by epistemological, social and cultural forces
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  • 64
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400917965
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (416p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 41
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: Teacher Evaluation: Guide to Professional Practice is organized around four dominant, interrelated core issues: professional standards, a guide to applying the Joint Committee's Standards, ten alternative models for the evaluation of teacher performance, and an analysis of these selected models. The book draws heavily on research and development conducted by the Federally funded national Center for Research on Educational Accountability and Teacher Evaluation (CREATE). The reader will come to grasp the essence of sound teacher evaluation and will be able to apply its principles, facts, ideas, processes, and procedures. Finally, the book invites and assists school professionals and other readers to examine the latest developments in teacher evaluation
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  • 65
    ISBN: 9789401106573
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 395 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 42
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: Achievement assessment has undergone a major shift, from what some call a `culture of testing' to a `culture of assessment'. Nowadays, a strong emphasis is placed on the integration of assessment and instruction, on assessing processes rather than just products, and on evaluating individual progress relative to each student's starting point. This book addresses assessment issues in light of the present state of affairs. The first part discusses new alternatives in the assessment of achievement in various subject areas, focusing on agenda, practice, impact and evaluation of the assessment. The second part deals with issues related to assessment of the learning process, specifically: questions concerning the assessment of individual differences in prior knowledge, learning skills and strategies
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  • 66
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401171113
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 376 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Bold Ventures 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Science Study and teaching ; Science—Study and teaching.
    Kurzfassung: Introduction: Study Background -- 1. Setting the Standards: NCTM’s Role in the Reform of Mathematics Education -- 2. Teaching and Learning Cross-Country Mathematics: A Story of Innovation in Precalculus -- 3. The Urban Mathematics Collaborative Project: A Study of Teacher, Community, and Reform -- Acronyms and Abbreviations.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents comprehensive results from case studies of three innovations in mathematics education that have much to offer toward understanding current reforms in this field. Each chapter tells the story of a case in rich detail, with extensive documentation, and in the voices of many of the participants-the innovators, the teachers, the students. Similarly, Volume 2 of Bold Ventures pre­ sents the results from case studies of five innovations in science education. Volume 1 provides a cross-case analysis of all eight innovations. Many U.S. readers certainly will be very familiar with the name of at least one if not all of the mathematics innovations discussed in this volume-for example, the NCTM Standards-and probably with their general substance. Much of the education community's familiarity with these arises from the pro­ jects' own dissemination efforts. The research reported in this volume, however, is one of the few detailed studies of these innovations undertaken by researchers outside the projects themselves.
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  • 67
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400917323
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 348 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Mathematics Education Library 18
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching . ; History.
    Kurzfassung: This book aims at understanding the functioning of algebraic reasoning, its characteristics, the difficulties students encounter in making the transition to algebra, and the situations conducive to its favorable development. Four different perspectives, each related to a corresponding conception of algebra, provide avenues for its introduction: generalization, problem solving, modeling, and functions. The analysis of research on these perspectives is illuminated by a dual focus on epistemological (via the history of the development of algebra) and didactic concerns
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  • 68
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789400901094
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (292p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 172
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 172
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Humanities ; Logic ; History ; Mathematics. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The editors have selected a number of papers that represent recent studies by Mexican philosophers and historians of science. While attention is paid to several main developments of science in Mexico, the book does not deal only with national or even regional issues. Moreover, Mexican works on the philosophy of science are no new phenomenon. Although originating in the need to construct a national identity during the 19th century, and stimulated by the European Enlightenment, Mexican scholarship has now reached maturity, both in terms of an awareness of their historical situation and creative competence with respect to the live issues at the international level. This book presents topics of biology and physics, historical explanation and the historiography of science, and foundations of mathematics, with particular concern for Hilbert, Russell and Wittgenstein
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  • 69
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401705509
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XII, 223 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 254
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This book is concerned with the problem of applying the theory of verisimilitude to cognitive problems of a quantitative nature. Attention is mostly focused on hypotheses concerned with (physical or other) systems whose state can be represented with an element of a multidimensional state space, but hypotheses concerned with quantitative laws are also considered. The book provides a systematic introduction to the main contemporary forms of the theory of verisimilitude, including both proposed definitions of quantitative degrees of verisimilitude and proposed definitions of the relation `closer to the truth than'. It shows why the quantitative measures that have been proposed earlier produce unacceptable results in the multidimensional case and, using the tools of geometric measure theory, works out alternatives for them in detail. In addition, the standard structuralist theory of science and the way in which the problems of approximation are dealt with in it are presented and evaluated critically
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  • 70
    Online-Ressource
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401722117
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 329 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Mathematics Education Library 16
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Mathematics ; Mathematics—Study and teaching .
    Kurzfassung: This book, intended for mathematics education professionals and teachers of mathematics, is outstanding in that its contributions come from a broad range of countries and cultures; they are representative of different theoretical perspectives and classroom experiences. All contributors are concerned with helping teachers explore ways to develop children's mathematical understanding appropriate for the new millennium. The authors present complex ideas about mathematical understanding and provide readers with powerful classroom examples. Recommendations for changing the curriculum for young children are also suggested. The book comprehensively documents four years of development in the field. Among the emergent developments described is the importance of context to mathematical development - it is not only the physical context, but also the social context of the classroom and school that stimulate conceptual growth. The book also locates current theoretical perspectives in a broad framework. Finally the book is organized around four interconnected themes all related directly to teaching and learning mathematics
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  • 71
    ISBN: 9789401587532
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXX, 369 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 187
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 187
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Mathematics ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Linguistics ; Logic ; History ; Historical linguistics. ; Physics—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: In this volume specialists in mathematics, physics, and linguistics present the first comprehensive analysis of the ideas and influence of Hermann G. Graßmann (1809-1877), the remarkable universalist whose work recast the foundations of these disciplines and shaped the course of their modern development
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  • 72
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401586962
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (236 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 60
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    Schlagwort(e): Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Semantic Indexicality shows how a simple syntax can be combined with a propositional language at the level of logical analysis. It is the adoption of such a base language which has not been attempted before, and it is this which constitutes the originality of the book. Cresswell's simple and direct style makes this book accessible to a wider audience than the somewhat specialized subject matter might initially suggest
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  • 73
    ISBN: 9789401586788
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 278 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 257
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: This volume contains original contributions dedicated to Vladimir A. Smirnov by some of the leading scholars in Russia, the United States, Japan, Finland, Brazil, the Netherlands, Poland, and Hungary. Most of the papers deal with topics in which Smirnov has taken a direct interest. These include the problems of non-classical logics, logical semantics, analysis of logical proofs, and applications of logical methods to the methodology of science. The volume contains a selected bibliography of Smirnov's works. It is of interest to all students of philosophical and mathematical logic, epistemology, and the philosophy of science
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  • 74
    ISBN: 9789401587310
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 270 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 69
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    Schlagwort(e): Computer science ; Genetic epistemology ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Artificial intelligence ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Neurosciences. ; Cognitive psychology.
    Kurzfassung: This book presents the Proceedings of the Second International Colloquium on Cognitive Science, held at San Sebastian in May, 1991, to discuss from an interdisciplinary point of view topics which are at the intersection of philosophy and cognitive science. With a total of eleven papers from leading scholars in the field, the volume provides many different theoretical approaches to the study of Categories, Consciousness and Reasoning. The book is addressed to researchers, specialists, advanced students and scholars in the fields of epistemology, philosophy of mind, psychology, semantics, logic and artificial intelligence
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  • 75
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401106337
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XV, 377 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 40
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Economic policy
    Kurzfassung: The reader of this book will gain a greater understanding of contemporary equity issues in educational testing and assessment and to learn to examine these issues in the context of educational reform. The book focuses on the following four issues: (1) the growing prominence that educational testing and assessment are playing in American education; (2) the effect that current testing and assessment policies and practices are having upon minority and disadvantaged students and school systems; (3) the new and innovative approaches to testing and assessment and their prospects for promoting educational equity, educational reform and accountability; and (4) the actions that need to be taken in order to achieve equity in testing and assessment in the nation's schools. The goal is to identify and begin addressing some of the disadvantages faced by many Americans in their pursuit of high-quality education and training. The book explores some of the factors that contribute to the gaps in student achievement along racial and social class lines, and offers ideas for improving the measurement of America's diverse population of students. Some of the chapters focus on how the field of educational testing is changing to include new types of assessment practices and policies, and new types of testing and assessment instruments. Innovations in educational testing and assessment include student exhibitions, portfolios, performance tasks, and essay writing, all of which are being advanced both for in-classroom and in-school use as well as for purposes of public accountability. Some of the public policy innovations include the following: awarding federal funding and recognition based upon student performance on tests and assessments; national government approval of the assessments that states, school districts, and schools use; and national approval and sanctioning of the standards that will be measured by educational tests and assessments
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  • 76
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401104715
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXII, 266 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 161
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 161
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Political science Philosophy ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Political science—Philosophy. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: The distinguished contributors from three continents focus in this book particularly on the broad philosophical framework known as critical rationalism, testing its limitations, and discovering surprising connections. The essays well illustrate the fecundity and range of Professor Agassi's interests, and the broad range of persons he has influenced. Of particular concern in the volume are the broad frameworks of rationality and of religion. The religion of science, which is something Agassi has always opposed, is debated here. Among other distinguished contributors, the volume contains one of the last papers by the late Paul K. Feyerabend
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  • 77
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585811
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 307 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 55
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Plurality, Conjunction and Events presents a novel theory of plural and conjoined phrases, in an event-based semantic framework. It begins by reviewing options for treating the alternation between `collective' and `distributive' readings of sentences containing plural or conjoined noun phrases, including analyses from both the modern and the premodern literature. It is argued that plural and conjoined noun phrases are unambiguously group-denoting, and that the collective/distributive distinction therefore must be located in the predicates with which these noun phrases combine. More specifically, predicates must have a hidden argument place for events; the collective/distributive distinction may then be represented in the part/whole structure of these events. This allows a natural treatment of `collectivizing' adverbial expressions, and of `pluractional' affixes; it also allows a unified semantics for conjunction, in which conjoined sentences and predicates denote groups of events, much like conjoined noun phrases denote groups of individuals
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  • 78
    ISBN: 9789401705240
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 278 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 249
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science.
    Kurzfassung: The quantifier concept is central to current logical investigations. Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation. Volume Two: Contributions contains twelve research papers devoted to generalized quantifiers and their applications. It offers an exhaustive survey of logical methods that are useful in investigations involving generalized quantifiers. Both model-theoretical and proof-theoretical approaches are well represented. Moreover, some papers focus on the applications of logical theory, particularly in relation to semantics of natural language. The volume includes a wide-ranging survey of logical methods which are useful in investigations into generalized quantifiers. The book is the second volume of a large collection. The first volume - Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation. Volume One: Surveys - contains a collection of survey papers on selected, well-defined areas organized around the quantifier concept. Volumes One and Two are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Also suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate or graduate specialized courses in logic
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  • 79
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401584784
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 472 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 251
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Mathematics. ; History. ; Mathematical logic.
    Kurzfassung: Discussions of the foundations of mathematics and their history are frequently restricted to logical issues in a narrow sense, or else to traditional problems of analytic philosophy. From Dedekind to Gödel: Essays on the Development of the Foundations of Mathematics illustrates the much greater variety of the actual developments in the foundations during the period covered. The viewpoints that serve this purpose included the foundational ideas of working mathematicians, such as Kronecker, Dedekind, Borel and the early Hilbert, and the development of notions like model and modelling, arbitrary function, completeness, and non-Archimedean structures. The philosophers discussed include not only the household names in logic, but also Husserl, Wittgenstein and Ramsey. Needless to say, such logically-oriented thinkers as Frege, Russell and Gödel are not entirely neglected, either. Audience: Everybody interested in the philosophy and/or history of mathematics will find this book interesting, giving frequently novel insights
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  • 80
    ISBN: 9789401104692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (IX, 462 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 165
    Serie: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 165
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy ; Aesthetics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; History ; Religion—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. Science, Mind and Art, Volume III of Essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen focuses on issues in contemporary epistemology, aesthetics, and philosophy of mind as well as on the relations of science and human values in ethical and religious thought. It also has important new work in contemporary metaphysics, as well as in the history of philosophy, and on questions of multiculturalism in science education. Contributors include Paul Feyerabend, Adolf Grünbaum, Joseph Margolis, Joëlle Proust, Erazim Kohak, Elie Wiesel, Miriam Bienenstock, and John Silber, among others
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  • 81
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    ISBN: 9789401106672
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 267 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 43
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements ; Personnel management.
    Kurzfassung: Corporate training and effective performance have become major issues in the 1980s and '90s. Reviews of the training research literature show that, parallel to the growing attention to corporate training, research has also increased in the field, giving a better understanding of the subject and providing fundamental expertise on which trainers can build. The contributions to the book differ in the degree to which they are related to performance issues, but all chapters underline the necessity of thinking from the perspective of effective performance
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  • 82
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401104111
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 212 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Philosophical Studies Series 65
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Logic ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Gottlob Frege's Über Sinn und Bedeutung (`On Sense and Reference'), has come to be seen, in the century since its publication in 1892, as one of the seminal texts of analytic philosophy. It, along with the rest of Frege's writings on logic and mathematics, came to mark out a whole new domain of inquiry. This volume bears witness to the continuing importance and influence of that agenda. It contains original papers written by leading Frege scholars for the conference held in 1992 in Karlovy Vary to celebrate the publication of Frege's essay. The fourteen essays show how the questions Frege discusses in that essay connect intimately with issues much debated in current philosophy of language and philosophy of mind
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  • 83
    ISBN: 9789401705226
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 424 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 248
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Information theory ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Computer science.
    Kurzfassung: Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation is the first concentrated effort to give a systematic presentation of the main research results on the subject, since the modern concept was formulated in the late '50s and early '60s. The majority of the papers are in the nature of a handbook. All of them are self-contained, at various levels of difficulty. The Introduction surveys the main ideas and problems encountered in the logical investigation of quantifiers. The Prologue, written by Per Lindström, presents the early history of the concept of generalised quantifiers. The volume then continues with a series of papers surveying various research areas, particularly those that are of current interest. Together they provide introductions to the subject from the points of view of mathematics, linguistics, and theoretical computer science. The present volume has been prepared in parallel with Quantifiers: Logics, Models and Computation, Volume Two. Contributions, which contains a collection of research papers on the subject in areas that are too fresh to be summarised. The two volumes are complementary. For logicians, mathematicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate specialised courses in logic
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  • 84
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    ISBN: 9789401584708
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 168 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Collection Fondée par H.L. van Breda et Publiée Sous le Patronage des Centres d’Archives-Husserl 132
    Serie: Phaenomenologica, Series Founded by H. L. Van Breda and Published Under the Auspices of the Husserl-Archives 132
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic ; Ontology ; Phenomenology ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Language and languages—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Adolf Reinach was one of the leading figures of the Munich and Göttingen circles of phenomenology, and Husserl's first real co-worker. Although his writings are highly original and remarkably clear, Reinach's tragic death in the First World War prevented him from formulating a definitive statement of his phenomenology, leaving his name virtually unknown to all but a small circle. In his ground-breaking study, Judgment and Sachverhalt, DuBois shows how Reinach succeeds in developing a realist ontology and epistemology based on rigorous argumentation and phenomenological elucidation. Drawing from numerous texts and the developments of Reinach's students and colleagues - Roman Ingarden, Alexander Pfänder and Dietrich von Hildebrand above all - DuBois presents, refines and defends Reinach's `phenomenological realism'. Confrontations of Reinach's theories of states of affairs, concepts and speech acts with the work of contemporary authors like Chisholm and Searle allow readers to evaluate Reinach's philosophy, not only in the light of the later developments of Husserl, but also in the light of certain Anglo-American developments
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  • 85
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585316
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIII, 375 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Law and Philosophy Library 21
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy of law ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; Law—History. ; Law—Philosophy.
    Kurzfassung: Informatics and the Foundations of Legal Reasoning represents a close collaboration between a wide range of disciplines and countries. Fourteen papers, together with a long analytical introduction by the editors, were selected from the contributions of legal theorists, computer scientists, philosophers and logicians who were members of an International Working Group supported by the European Commission. The Group was mandated to work towards determining how far the law is amenable to formal modeling, and in what ways computers might assist legal thinking and practice. The book is the result of discussions held by the Group over two and half years. It will help students and researchers from different backgrounds to focus on a common set of topics of increasing general interest. It embodies the results of work in progress and suggests many issues for further discussion. A stimulating text for undergraduate and graduate courses in law, philosophy and computer science departments, as well as for those interested in the place of computers in legal practice, especially at the international level
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  • 86
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585538
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 171 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library, Series A: Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences 20
    Serie: Theory and Decision Library A:, Rational Choice in Practical Philosophy and Philosophy of Science 20
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Economics ; Ethics ; Logic ; Metaphysics ; Operations research ; Econometrics.
    Kurzfassung: In Consequentialism Reconsidered, Carlson strives to find a plausible formulation of the structural part of consequentialism. Key notions are analyzed, such as outcomes, alternatives and performability. Carlson argues that consequentialism should be understood as a maximizing rather than a satisficing theory, and as temporally neutral rather than future oriented. He also shows that certain moral theories cannot be reformulated as consequentialist theories. The relevant alternatives for an agent in a situation are taken to comprise all actions that they can perform in the situation. The defense of this idea necessitates certain modifications to the standard consequentialist criteria of obligatoriness, rightness and wrongness. The problem of whether agents should adapt their actions to their own future actions is also addressed. Further, a conditional analysis of performability is suggested, and it is argued that particular actions should in this connection be regarded as `abstract' rather than `concrete'. The final chapter sketches a consequentialist theory for collective agents
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  • 87
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401585330
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (VIII, 392 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 247
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax ; Logic ; Natural language processing (Computer science). ; Semiotics. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Grammar, Comparative and general—Syntax.
    Kurzfassung: A selection of papers presented at the international conference `Applied Logic: Logic at Work', held in Amsterdam in December 1992. Nowadays, the term `applied logic' has a very wide meaning, as numerous applications of logical methods in computer science, formal linguistics and other fields testify. Such applications are by no means restricted to the use of known logical techniques: at its best, applied logic involves a back-and-forth dialogue between logical theory and the problem domain. The papers focus on the application of logic to the study of natural language, in syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and the effect of these studies on the development of logic. In the last decade, the dynamic nature of natural language has been the most interesting challenge for logicians. Dynamic semantics is here applied to new topics, the dynamic approach is extended to syntax, and several methodological issues in dynamic semantics are systematically investigated. Other methodological issues in the formal studies of natural language are discussed, such as the need for types, modal operators and other logical operators in the formal framework. Further articles address the scope of these methodological issues from other perspectives ranging from cognition to computation. The volume presents papers that are interesting for graduate students and researchers in the field of logic, philosophy of language, formal semantics and pragmatics, and computational linguistics
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  • 88
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401736916
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (328 p. 2 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 245
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Philosophy of mind ; Philosophy—History. ; Life sciences. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Wittgenstein: Mind and Language brings together a collection of previously unpublished essays which offer a systematic account of Wittgenstein's philosophy of mind and contribute in an absolutely new and original way to illuminating his later conception of human perceptive, emotional and cognitive language from both a theoretical and an historical point of view. The focus is on the fundamental categories of philosophical grammar, on the analysis of intentionality, of belief and Moore's paradox, on certainty and doubt, on will, memory, sensations and emotions, as well as on the theory of aspects and private language and the relationship with relativism and psychologism. In the recent literature there are undoubtedly numerous qualified publications dedicated to the themes of philosophical psychology as they emerge from Wittgenstein's Nachlaß and from his writings on this subject published in the last decade. This book, however, provides the essential points of reference of Wittgenstein's late treatment of psychological concepts in the context of the general features of his early philosophy of science and language and in the framework of the trends of his time. The book is of special interest to scholars and students, philosophers, linguists, psychologists, sociologists, cognitive scientists, logicians, historians of contemporary philosophy and science
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  • 89
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401735421
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XXXII, 224 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 244
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Logic ; Philosophy, modern ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: The theory presented here represents a radical departure from current treatments of the theory of knowledge. It makes the point that all such work is based on the false assumption that what makes knowledge possible is in itself knowable in some way, whereas in fact it is below the threshold of any cognitive consciousness. It is therefore necessary to seek the basis of the possibility of knowledge on entirely different levels, and in entirely novel ways. To Know or Not to Know is the first presentation of the theory in full, earlier writings being only preliminary and brief. It is aimed at the general philosopher, and the specialist in the field of epistemology, but relevant to anyone who would understand how it is possible to know anything at all
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  • 90
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401104951
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (320p. 15 illus) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Science & Technology Education Library 1
    Serie: Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Study and teaching ; Science—Study and teaching. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: According to John Dewey, Seymour Papert, Donald Schon, and Allan Collins, school activities, to be authentic, need to share key features with those worlds about which they teach. This book documents learning and teaching in open-inquiry learning environments, designed with the precepts of these educational thinkers in mind. The book is thus a first-hand report of knowing and learning by individuals and groups in complex open-inquiry learning environments in science. As such, it contributes to the emerging literature in this field. Secondly, it exemplifies research methods for studying such complex learning environments. The reader is thus encouraged not only to take the research findings as such, but to reflect on the process of arriving at these findings. Finally, the book is also an example of knowledge constructed by a teacher-researcher, and thus a model for teacher-researcher activity
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  • 91
    ISBN: 9789401733274
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 354 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [1995], Institut ‘Wiener Kreis’ Society for the Advancement of the Scientific World Conception 3
    Serie: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook, Institute Vienna Circle, University of Vienna Vienna Circle Society, Society for the Advancement of Scientific World Conceptions 3
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Quantum theory ; Logic ; Artificial intelligence ; History ; Mathematical logic. ; Quantum physics.
    Kurzfassung: Constructibility and complexity play central roles in recent research in computer science, mathematics and physics. For example, scientists are investigating the complexity of computer programs, constructive proofs in mathematics and the randomness of physical processes. But there are different approaches to the explication of these concepts. This volume presents important research on the state of this discussion, especially as it refers to quantum mechanics. This `foundational debate' in computer science, mathematics and physics was already fully developed in 1930 in the Vienna Circle. A special section is devoted to its real founder Hans Hahn, referring to his contribution to the history and philosophy of science. The documentation section presents articles on the early Philipp Frank and on the Vienna Circle in exile. Reviews cover important recent literature on logical empiricism and related topics
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  • 92
    ISBN: 9789401585453
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 486 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Educational Innovation in Economics and Business 1
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Economics ; Educational technology. ; Business. ; Management science.
    Kurzfassung: During the last few years economics and business education have emerged as one of the largest fields of study in higher education. At the same time, the pressing concern for improving the quality of higher education has led to a definite need for more knowledge about effective instruction and innovation in economics and business education. The book brings together many examples of reform in economics and business education. Special attention is paid to the problem-based learning approach, which over the past ten years, has developed as a very important innovation in higher education. The book contains contributions from a variety of institutions on the necessity of curriculum reform, the choice of instructional methods, assessment and testing, and management of change. It is of interest for teachers in higher education, educational psychologists, and any person interested in educational innovation in economics and business administration
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  • 93
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401584456
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVII, 381 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy 56
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    Schlagwort(e): Linguistics Philosophy ; Semantics ; Linguistics ; Logic ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Semiotics.
    Kurzfassung: Semantic underspecification is an essential and pervasive property of natural language. This monograph provides a comprehensive survey of the various phenomena in the field of ambiguity and vagueness. The book discusses the major theories of semantic indefiniteness, which have been proposed in linguistics, philosophy and computer science. It argues for a view of indefiniteness as the potential for further contextual specification, and proposes a unified logical treatment of indefiniteness on this basis. The inherent inconsistency of natural language induced by irreducible imprecision is investigated, and treated in terms of a dynamic extension of the proposed logic. The book is an extended edition of a German monograph and is addressed to advanced students and researchers in theoretical and computational linguistics, logic, philosophy of language, and NL- oriented AI. Although it makes extensive use of logical formalisms, it requires only some basic familiarity with standard predicate logic concepts since all technical terms are carefully explained
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  • 94
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    ISBN: 9789401584685
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XVI, 240 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 253
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    Schlagwort(e): Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Semantics ; Logic ; Semiotics. ; Mathematical logic. ; Language and languages—Philosophy. ; Knowledge, Theory of.
    Kurzfassung: Doing Worlds with Words throws light on the problem of meaning as the meeting point of linguistics, logic and philosophy, and critically assesses the possibilities and limitations of elucidating the nature of meaning by means of formal logic, model theory and model-theoretical semantics. The main thrust of the book is to show that it is misguided to understand model theory metaphysically and so to try to base formal semantics on something like formal metaphysics; rather, the book states that model theory and similar tools of the analysis of language should be understood as capturing the semantically relevant, especially inferential, structure of language. From this vantage point, the reader gains a new light on many of the traditional concepts and problems of logic and philosophy of language, such as meaning, reference, truth and the nature of formal logic
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  • 95
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    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9789401106399
    Sprache: Englisch
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (XI, 235 p) , digital
    Ausgabe: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Serie: Evaluation in Education and Human Services 39
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    Schlagwort(e): Education ; Educational tests and measurements
    Kurzfassung: The goals and content of this book are derived from three important and ongoing efforts: to advance the institution of education and to promote educational opportunities to children and youth worldwide, to promote effective assessment policies and practices that enhance sound educational practice, and to address the need to develop tests and other assessment practices in less developed countries as well as to augment and alter a number of traditional assessment practices in developed nations
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