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  • 1
    ISBN: 9783319043821
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 773 p. 22 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective 5
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. New directions in the philosophy of science
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume sheds light on still unexplored issues and raises new questions in the main areas addressed by the philosophy of science. Bringing together selected papers from three main events, the book presents the most advanced scientific results in the field and suggests innovative lines for further investigation. It explores how discussions on several notions of the philosophy of science can help different scientific disciplines in learning from each other. Finally, it focuses on the relationship between Cambridge and Vienna in twentieth century philosophy of science. The areas examined in the book are: formal methods, the philosophy of the natural and life sciences, the cultural and social sciences, the physical sciences, and the history of the philosophy of science
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface; Contents; Part I Formal Methods; Things in Possible Experiments: Case-Intensional Logic as a Framework for Tracing Things from Case to Case; 1 Introduction; 2 Possible Experiments; 3 Tracing in Standard Quantified Modal Logic; 4 Tracing in CIFOL: Case-Intensional First Order Logic; 5 Conclusion; References; The Proof Is in the Process: A Preamble for a Philosophy of Computer-Assisted Mathematics; 1 Introduction; 2 Human-Computer Interactions, Time-Sensitivity and Internalization; 2.1 Mathematician-Computer Interactions; 2.2 Internalization; 2.3 Time and Finite Processes; 3 Discussion
    Description / Table of Contents: ReferencesThe Future Role of Computation in Science and Society; 1 Some Examples of Large-Scale Computation; 2 From Science to Society; References; In No Categorical Terms: A Sketch for an Alternative Route to a Humean Interpretation of Laws; 1 Introduction; 2 The Canonical Account of Laws, Properties and Modality; 3 Laws and Properties in Modern Physics: Problems for Humeanism; 3.1 Problems for Categoricalism; 3.2 Problems for Contingentism; 4 Coda on Humeanism; 5 Conclusion; References; The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 The Philosophical Problems of Applied Mathematics2 Case Study: Population Ecology; 3 The Role of Mathematics; 4 A Cure for Physics Envy; References; Comment on ``The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences''''; 1 Introduction; 2 Colyvan''s Program; 3 The Roots of Lotka-Volterra; 4 Volterra and d''Ancona on Idealization; 5 A Legitimate Explanation of the Honeycomb?; 6 Conclusion; References; Part II Philosophy of the Natural and Life Sciences; Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry: What Are We Pluralists About, and Why?
    Description / Table of Contents: 1 Models of Psychiatric Disorders. Some Studies from Psychiatry2 Approaches to Explanation of Psychiatric Disorders; 3 Psychiatric Explanations and Explanatory Pluralism; 4 Concluding Remarks; References; Pluralists About Pluralism? Different Versions of Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry; 1 Introduction; 2 Plurality in Psychiatric Practice and the Challenges It Poses; 3 Different Ways of Dealing with Plurality - Contending Versions of Pluralism; 3.1 Explanatory Pluralism Versus Explanatory Reductionism; 3.2 Different Understandings of Explanatory Pluralism
    Description / Table of Contents: 4 Questioning and Evaluating the Different Understandings of Explanatory Pluralism4.1 Questioning Integrative Pluralism; 4.2 Questioning Isolationist Pluralism; 4.3 Questioning Interactive Pluralism; 5 Philosophical Frameworks for Explanatory Pluralism; 5.1 A Framework for Explanatory Pluralism; 5.2 Framing the "Genuine Dialogue"?; 6 Conclusion; References; Shifting Attention from Theory to Practice in Philosophy of Biology; 1 Introduction; 2 From Concepts to Conceptual Practices; 3 From Theories to Theoretical Practices; 4 From Theory Reduction to Reductive Retooling of Practices
    Description / Table of Contents: 5 Conclusion
    Description / Table of Contents: Preface: Maria Carla GalavottiTEAM A: FORMAL METHODS -- Chapter 1: Things in Possible Experiments. Case-intensional Logic as a Framework for Tracing Things from Case to Case; Thomas Müller -- Chapter 2: The Proof Is in the Process. A Preamble for a Philosophy of Computer-assisted Mathematics; Liesbeth de Mol -- Chapter 3: The Future Role of Computation in Science and Society; Patrick Suppes -- Chapter 4: In No Categorical Terms: A Sketch for an Alternative Route to a Humean Interpretation of Laws; Kerry McKenzie -- Chapter 5: The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences; Mark Colyvan -- Chapter 6: Comment on “The Undeniable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Special Sciences”; Tim Räz -- TEAM B: PHILOSOPHY OF THE NATURAL AND LIFE SCIENCES -- Chapter 7: Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry: What Are We Pluralists about, and Why? Raffaella Campaner -- Chapter 8: Pluralists about Pluralism? Different Versions of Explanatory Pluralism in Psychiatry; Jeroen van Bouwel -- Chapter 9: Shifting Attention from Theory to Practice in Philosophy of Biology; C. Kenneth Waters -- Chapter 10: Living Instruments and Theoretical Terms: Xenografts as Measurements in Cancer Research; Pierre-Luc Germain -- Chapter 11:   Developmental Explanation; Veli-Pekka Parkkinen -- Chapter 12: What Counts as Causation in Physics and Biology? Jan Faye -- Chapter 13: Challenges to Characterizing the Notion of Causation across Disciplinary Boundaries: Comment on Faye; Jan Baedke -- Chapter 14: Just Complexity; Max Urchs -- Chapter 15: Confessions of a Complexity Skeptic; Raphael Scholl -- Chapter 16: New Directions in the Philosophy of Biology: A New Taxonomy of Functions; Cristian Saborido -- TEAM C: PHILOSOPHY OF THE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Chapter 17: How Essentialism Properly Understood Might Reconcile Realism and Social Constructivism; Wolfgang Spohn -- Chapter 18: Social Construction - by Whom? Matti Sintonen -- Chapter 19: Is Social Constructivism Soluble in Critical Naturalism? Daniel Andler -- Chapter 20: Scientific Representation, Reflexivity, and the Possibility of Constructive Realism; Tarja Knuuttila -- Chapter 21: The Limits of Realism in the Philosophy of Social Science; David-Hillel Ruben -- Chapter 22:   The Social Re-Construction of Agency; Katarzyna Paprzycka -- Chapter 23: Local Realism. An Analysis of Social Choice Theory; Obdulia Torres -- Chapter 24: Objectivity and Visual Practices in Science and Art; Chiara Ambrosio -- Chapter 25: Cultural Information: Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell; Tim Lewens. TEAM D: PHILOSOPHY OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES -- Chapter 26: Introducing QBism; Christopher A. Fuchs -- Chapter 27: A Critic Looks at QBism; Guido Bacciagaluppi -- Chapter 28: Elementary Particles and Metaphysics; F.A. Muller -- Chapter 29:  Assessing the Status of the Common Cause Principle; Miklós Rédei -- Chapter 30: A Note on Strong Causal Closedness and Completability of Classical Probability Spaces; Leszek Wroński and Michał Marczyk -- Chapter 31: Artificial Examples of Empirical Equivalence; Pablo Acuña -- Chapter 32: The Measurement Problem is Your Problem Too; Ronnie Hermens -- Chapter 33: Pros and Cons of Physics in Logics; Petr Švarný -- Chapter 34: How Fundamental Physics Represents Causality; Andreas Bartels and Daniel Wohlfarth -- Chapter 35: How Fundamental Physics Represents Causality. Comment; Mario Hubert and Roland Poellinger -- Chapter 36: Good Just Isn’t Good Enough - Humean Chances and Boltzmannian Statistical Physics; Claus Beisbart -- Chapter 37: Unsharp Humean Chances in Statistical Physics: A Reply to Beisbart; Radin Dardashti, Luke Glynn, Karim Thébault and Mathias Frisch -- Chapter 38: Noncommutative Causality in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory; Gábor Hofer-Szabó -- Chapter 39: Lost in Translation. A Comment on “Noncommutative Causality in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory”; Dustin Lazarovici -- Chapter 40: Causal Probabilities in GRW Quantum Mechanics; Tomasz Placek -- Chapter 41: Physics, Metaphysics and Mathematics; Dennis Dieks -- TEAM E: HISTORY OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE -- Chapter 42: Where Would We Be without Counterfactuals? Huw Price -- Chapter 43: Pragmatism and European Philosophy: William James and the French-Italian Connection; Massimo Ferrari -- Chapter 44: European Pragmatism? Further Thoughts on the German and Austrian Reception of American Pragmatism; Thomas Uebel -- Chapter 45: New Prospects for Pragmatism: Ramsey’s Constructivism; Maria Carla Galavotti -- Chapter 46: Critical Realism in Perspective - Remarks on a Neglected Current in Neo-Kantian Epistemology; Matthias Neuber -- Chapter 47: Realism without Mirrors; Henrik Rydenfelt -- Chapter 48: The Continuing Relevance of 19th-Century Philosophy of Psychology: Brentano and the Autonomy of Psychological Methods; Uljana Feest -- Chapter 49: On the Logical Positivists’ Philosophy of Psychology: Laying a Legend to Rest; Sean Crawford -- Chapter 50: Epistemology Historicized: The French Tradition; Anastasios Brenner -- Chapter 51: Commentary on Brenner’s “Epistemology Historicised”; Cristina Chimisso -- Chapter 52: History and Philosophy of Science: Between Description and Construction; Friedrich Stadler.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 2
    ISBN: 9783319018997
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 401 p. 7 illus, online resource)
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 17
    Series Statement: SpringerLink
    Series Statement: Bücher
    Parallel Title: Druckausg. European philosophy of science - philosophy of science in Europe and the Viennese heritage
    RVK:
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Philosophy ; Philosophy (General) ; Philosophy, modern ; Science Philosophy ; Konferenzschrift 2011 ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Geschichte 1900-2000 ; Wiener Kreis ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie
    Abstract: This volume combines the theoretical and historical perspective focusing on the specific features of a European philosophy of science. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Institute Vienna Circle the Viennese roots and influences will be addressed, in addition. There is no doubt that contemporary philosophy of science originated mainly in Europe beginning in the 19th century and has influenced decisively the subsequent development of globalized philosophy of science, esp. in North America. Recent research in this field documents some specific characteristics of philosophy of science covering the natural, social, and also cultural sciences in the European context up to the destruction and forced migration caused by Fascism and National Socialism. This European perspective with the integration of history and philosophy of science and the current situation in the philosophy of science after the transatlantic interaction and transformation, and the “return” after World War II raises the question of contemporary European characteristics in the philosophy of science. The role and function of the renowned Vienna Circle of Logical Empiricism and its impact and influence on contemporary philosophy of science is on the agenda, too. Accordingly, the general topic is dealt with in two parallel sessions representing systematic-formal as well as genetic-historical perspectives on philosophy of science in a European context up to the present
    Description / Table of Contents: TABLE OF CONTENTS; EDITORIAL; FROM THE VIENNA CIRCLE TO THE INSTITUTE VIENNA CIRCLE:ON THE VIENNESE HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE; 1 ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE) - THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY; 2 VIENNESE AND EUROPEAN CONTEXTS; 3 VIENNA - BERLIN - PRAGUE: CENTRAL EUROPEAN COMMUNICATION; 4 EDGAR ZILSEL - IMPORT OF HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE; 5 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM RE-EVALUATED; 6 VIENNESE ORIGINS - EUROPEAN NETWORKS; 7 MORITZ SCHLICK - BETWEEN REALISM AND EMPIRICISM; 8 RUDOLF CARNAP - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE TODAY; 9 NEURATH'S BOAT REDISCOVERED - THE "VISUAL TURN"
    Description / Table of Contents: 10 ARNE NAESS - A ROAD TO EMPIRICAL SEMANTICS AND"EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY"11 FRIEDRICH WAISMANN BETWEEN SCHLICK AND WITTGENSTEIN: VIENNA-CAMBRIDGE-OXFORD; 12 THE 'THIRD VIENNA CIRCLE': ARTHUR PAP AND THE RENAISSANCE OF ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY (OF SCIENCE); 13 CONTINENTAL INTERACTIONS - FINNO-UGRIAN TRADITIONS; 14 INTRA-CONTINENTAL NETWORKING BETWEEN EAST AND WEST; 15 THE AUSTRO-BRITISH INTERACTION SINCE 1900; 16 TRANSATLANTIC INTERACTIONS: EUROPE AND AMERICA; 17 EMOTIVISM AND META-ETHICAL NONCOGNITIVISM: NORMS AND VALUES REVISITED; 18 LOGICAL EMPIRICISM AND PURE THEORY OF LAW - FAMILY RESEMBLANCE
    Description / Table of Contents: 19 FELIX KAUFMANN'S MEDIATING SCHOOLS AND METHODS - LIBERALISM AND PLURALISM20 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS; 21 EUROPEAN PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE IN EUROPE; A MATTER OF SUBSTANCE? GASTON BACHELARD ON CHEMISTRY'S PHILOSOPHICAL LESSONS; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS; 3. THE SCIENTIFIC OBJECT; 4. THE CONCEPT OF SUBSTANCE; 5. THE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY IN BACHELARD'S PHILOSOPHY; 6. CONCLUSION: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL OBJECT
    Description / Table of Contents: CARNAP'S AUFBAU AND PHYSICALISM: WHAT DOES THE "MUTUAL REDUCIBILITY" OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL OBJECTS AMOUNT TO?1 TWO VERSIONS OF THE INTERTRANSLATABILITY THESIS; 2 THE TWO CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEMS; 3 STRONG INTERTRANSLATABILITY CHALLENGED; 4 AUTO-PSYCHOLOGICAL EXCEPTIONALISM PROBED; 5 CONCLUSION; ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEUROSCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY: THE CASE OF SLEEP AND DREAMING; I HISTORICAL SKETCH; II EPISTEMOLOGY; III PHILOSOPHICAL REMARKS ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PARALLELISM AND CEREBRAL CORRELATES OF CONSCIOUS EXPERIENCE; IV FUNCTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
    Description / Table of Contents: (ANTI-)METAPHYSICS IN THE THIRTIES: AND WHY SHOULD ANYONE CARE NOW?PRECEDENTS; MOTIVES; THE PSEUDOPROBLEMS MOMENT; NOW; BIBLIOGRAPHY; PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY: A EUROPEAN TRADITION; ABSTRACT; 1. ABOUT PROBABILISTIC EPISTEMOLOGY; 2. JANINA HOSIASSON (1899-1942); 3. FRANK PLUMPTON RAMSEY (1903-1930); 4. BRUNO DE FINETTI (1906-1985); 5. HAROLD JEFFREYS (1891-1989); 6. HANS REICHENBACH (1891-1953); 7. CONCLUSION; REDUCTIONISM TODAY; ABSTRACT; 1. INTRODUCTION; 2. ONTOLOGICAL REDUCTIONISM; 3. THEORY REDUCTION; REFERENCES; BETTING INTERPRETATION AND THE PROBLEM OF INTERFERENCE
    Description / Table of Contents: CAUSAL RELATIONS BETWEEN BETS AND THE PROPOSITIONS BETTED ON
    Note: Description based upon print version of record , EditorialFrom the Vienna Circle to the Institute Vienna Circle: On the Viennese Legacy in Contemporary Philosophy of Science; Friedrich Stadler ; I ; A Matter of Substance? Gaston Bachelard on Chemistry’s Philosophical Lessons; Cristina Chimisso ; Carnap’s Aufbau and Physicalism: What Does the “Mutual Reducibility” of Psychological and Physical Objects Amount to?; Thomas Uebel ; On the Relationship between Neuroscience and Philosophy: the Case of Sleep and Dreaming; Claude Debru ; Metaphysics in the Thirties: And Why Should Anyone Care Now? Richard Creath ; II ; Probabilistic Epistemology: A European Tradition; Maria Carla Galavotti ; Reductionism today; Michael Esfeld ; Betting Interpretation and the Problem of Interference; Wlodek Rabinowicz and Lina Eriksson ; III.- Mathematics and Experience; Ladislav Kvasz ; Gödel and Carnap. Platonism versus Conventionalism?; Eckehart Köhler ; What is the Status of the Hardy-Weinberg Law within Population Genetics?; Pablo Lorenzano ; IV ; Kazimierz Twardowski and the Development of Philosophy of Science in Poland; Jan Woleński ; V ; Vienna Circle on Determinism; Tomasz Placek ; Infinite Idealizations; John D. Norton ; VI ;  Political Polyphony. Otto Neurath and Politics Reconsidered; Günther Sandner ; Kelsen’s Legal Positivism and the Challenge of Nazi Law; Herlinde Pauer-Studer ; VII ; Biased Coins. A Model for Higherorder Probabilities; Jeanne Peijnenburg AND David Atkinson ; Is Logical Empiricism Compatible with Scientifi c Realism?; Matthias Neuber ; VIII ; Does the Unity of Science have a Future?; Jan Faye ; Is There a European Philosophy Science? A Wake-up call; Gereon Wolters ; General Part.-Report/Documentation ; Vienna Circle Historiographies; Veronika Hofer and Michael Stöltzner ; 18th Vienna Circle Lecture , Husserl and Gödel on Mathematical Objects and our Access to them; Dagfinn Føllesdal, Review Essay ; Logical Empiricism in Historical Perspective. Recent Works on Moritz Schlick; Massimo Ferrari ; Reviews ; After Postmodernism. A Naturalistic Reconstruction of the Humanities, Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2012. (Thomas Uebel) ; Jan Faye ; The Tyranny of Science. Edited by Eric Oberheim. Cambridge: Polity Press 2011. (Daniel B. Kuby); Paul Feyerabend Il valore della verità. Milano: Guerini e Associati, 2011. (Beatrice Collina); Paolo Parrini ; Der Wiener Kreis in Ungarn , Kreis, Bd. 16. Wien: Springer 2011. (Radek Schuster); András Máté, Miklós Rédei and Friedrich Stadler (Eds.) ; Fritz Mauthner. Scepticisme linguistique et modernité. Une biographie intellectuelle. Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. Jacques Le Rider, Fritz Mauthner. Le langage. Translation of “Die Sprache” from German and foreword by Jacques Le Rider, Éditions Bartillat: Paris 2012. (Camilla Nielsen); Jacques Le Rider ; Activities of the Institute Vienna Circle ; Index of Names ; Abstracts.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V
    ISBN: 9781402082023
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. 2008 Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Synthese Library, Studies in Epistemology, Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science 340
    Parallel Title: Print version Philosophical Lectures on Probability
    Dissertation note: Lizenzpflichtig
    RVK:
    Keywords: Science Genetic epistemology ; Distribution (Probability theory) ; Statistics ; Social sciences ; Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Mathematics_$xHistory ; Hochschulschrift ; Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie ; Philosophie
    Abstract: The book contains the transcription of a course on the foundations of probability given by the Italian mathematician Bruno de Finetti in 1979 at the a oeNational Institute of Advanced Mathematicsa in Rome. Bruno de Finetti (1906-1985) is known worldwide as the founder (together with F.P. Ramsey) of the modern personal probability. His fundamental idea of coherence, along with his Dutch Book argument, continues to play a central role in the debates about the foundations of probability and decision theory. Moreover, his notion of exchangeability and the related Representation Theorem are at the
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS; Preface; Editor's Notice; De Finetti's Philosophy of Probability; 1 Introductory Lecture; Against the Axiomatic Approach; Subjectivism; Defining Probability; Proper Scoring Rules; 2 Decisions and Proper Scoring Rules; Why Proper Scoring Rules Are Proper; Probability Depends on the Subject's State of Information; Sequential Decisions; Subjectivism versus Objectivism; For an Omniscient Being Probability Would Not Exist; 3 Geometric Representation of Brier's Rule; Envelope Formed by Straight Lines; Operational Definition of Probability; 4 Bayes' Theorem; Bayes' Theorem and Linearity
    Description / Table of Contents: Statistics and Initial ProbabilitiesBayesian Updating is Not a Corrective Revision; "Adhockeries"; Bayes' Theorem for Random Quantities; Inexpressible Evidence; 5 Physical Probability and Complexity; "Perfect" Dice; The Lottery Paradox; Probability as Frequency; Probability and Physical Laws; Probabilistic Theories as Instruments; Random Sequences; 6 Stochastic Independence and Random Sequences; Logical and Stochastic Independence; Propensities; Independence and Frequentism; Von Mises Collectives; 7 Superstition and Frequentism; The Frequentist Fallacy; Idealized Frameworks
    Description / Table of Contents: The Fallacy of Hypothesis Testing8 Exchangeability; Urn Drawings with Replacement but Without Independence; Induction and "Unknown" Probabilities; Exchangeable Random Quantities; Alleged Objectivity and Convergence of Subjective Probabilities; 9 Distributions; Introductory Concepts; Cumulative Distributions; Continuous Distributions Without Density; The General Case; Characteristic Functions; About Means; 10 The Concept of Mean; Chisini's Serendipity; G -Means and the Nagumo-Kolmogorov Theorem; Statistical Theory of Extremes and Associative Means; Inequalities Among Associative Means
    Description / Table of Contents: Concluding Remarks11 Induction and Sample Randomization; Exchangeability and Convergence to the Observed Frequency; Bayesian Statistics and Sample Randomization; 12 Complete Additivity and Zero Probabilities; The Betting Framework and Its Limits; Finite and Countable Additivity; 'Strict' Coherence; Conditioning on Events of Zero Probability; Allais' Paradox; 13 The Definitions of Probability; Axiomatic, Classical, and Frequentistic Approaches; Indistinguishable Events and Equal Probability; Frequentism and Exchangeability; Von Mises' "Regellosigkeitsaxiom"; 14 The Gambler's Fallacy
    Description / Table of Contents: Against the Measure-Theoretic ApproachGambler's Fallacy and Frequentist Fallacy; Events and Propositions; 15 "Facts" and "Events"; A Pragmatic View of Events; On Elementary Facts; Events and "Phenomena"; 16 "Facts" and "Events": An Example; A Sequence of Coin Tosses; A Graphical Representation; 17 Prevision, Random Quantities, and Trievents; Probability as a Special Case of Prevision; The Conglomerative Property; Trievents; 18 Désiré André's Argument; Heads and Tails: The Gambler's Ruin; The Wiener-Lévy Process; Againon Gambler's Ruin; The Ballot Problem
    Description / Table of Contents: The Power of Désiré André's Argumentative Strategy
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
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  • 4
    ISBN: 9789401591911
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 252 p) , digital
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Sciences and Law
    Series Statement: The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science, A Series of Books in Philosophy of Science, Methodology, Epistemology, Logic, History of Science, and Related Fields 61
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Philosophy (General) ; Genetic epistemology ; Science Philosophy ; Logic ; Philosophy of nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy.
    Abstract: The essays in this volume cover a wide array of topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. It includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. Some of the essays have been written with an historical perspective. The volume is completed by a long commentary on the papers, written by Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. Audience: Scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of the natural and social sciences, history of contemporary philosophy, and inductive logic
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Springer
    ISBN: 9781402041013
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
    Series Statement: Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook [2004] 12
    DDC: 146.42
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Logic ; Philosophy (General) ; Linguistics Philosophy ; Science Philosophy ; Logic, Symbolic and mathematical ; Aufsatzsammlung ; Ramsey, Frank Plumpton 1903-1930 ; Wiener Kreis
    Abstract: The Institute Vienna Circle held a conference in Vienna in 2003, Cambridge and Vienna - Frank P. Ramsey and the Vienna Circle, to commemorate the philosophical and scientific work of Frank Plumpton Ramsey (1903-1930). This Ramsey conference provided not only historical and biographical perspectives on one of the most gifted thinkers of the Twentieth Century, but also new impulses for further research on at least some of the topics pioneered by Ramsey, whose interest and potential are greater than ever. Ramsey did pioneering work in several fields, practitioners of which rarely know of his important work in other fields: philosophy of logic and theory of language, foundations of mathematics, mathematics, probability theory, methodology of science, philosophy of psychology, and economics. There was a focus on the one topic which was of strongest mutual concern to Ramsey and the Vienna Circle, namely the question of foundations of mathematics, in particular the status of logicism. Although the major scientific connection linking Ramsey with Austria is his work on logic, to which the Vienna Circle dedicated several meetings, certainly the connection which is of greater general interest concerns Ramsey's visits and discussions with Wittgenstein. Ramsey was the only important thinker to actually visit Wittgenstein during his school-teaching career in Puchberg and Ottertal in the 1920s, in Lower Austria, and later, Ramsey was instrumental in getting Wittgenstein positions at Cambridge.
    Description / Table of Contents: Frank Ramsey - A Biographical Sketch; Wittgenstein and Ramsey; The Vicious Circle Principle; Ramsey's Psychological Theory of Belief; Discovering "Weight, or the Value of Knowledge"; Ramsey's Ramsey-sentences; Ramsey and the Vienna Circle on Logicism; Logical Problems Suggested by Logicism; The Foundation of Human Evaluation in Democracies from Ramsey to Damasio; Ramsey'S "Note on Time"; Philosophy of Science after the Social Turn; Notes on the Origins of Fleck's Concept of "Denkstil"; Hans Reichenbach and Logical Empiricism in Turkey
    Description / Table of Contents: Steve Awodey & Carsten Klein (eds.), Carnap Brought Home: The View from Jena. Full Circle: Publications of the Archive of Scientific Philosophy. Volume 2. Chicago: Open Court, 2004Bergmann, Gustav, Collected Works Vol. I: Selected Papers I, edited by E. Tegtmeier , Frankfurt/Lancaster: Ontos-Verlag, 2003; Ferrari, Massimo : Ernst Cassirer - Stationen einer philosophischen Biographie. Von der Marburger Schule zur Kulturphilosophie, Meiner: Hamburg, 2003 (German translation of Cassirer. Dalla Scuola di M
    Description / Table of Contents: Richard C. Jeffrey , Subjective Probability: The Real Thing, Cambridge University Press, 2004 Richard C. Jeffrey , After Logical Empiricism/Depois do Empirismo Lógico, English edition with Portuguese; Patrick Suppes , Representation and Invariance of Scientific Structures, CSLI publications, Stanford, California (distributed by Chicago University Press)
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    ISBN: 9780306481239
    Language: English
    Pages: Online-Ressource , v.: digital
    Edition: Online-Ausg. Springer-11648
    Edition: Springer eBook Collection. Humanities, Social Science and Law
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 237
    Series Statement: Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science 232
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Genetic epistemology ; Philosophy (General) ; Science Philosophy ; Epistemology. ; Philosophy and science. ; Philosophy of Nature ; Knowledge, Theory of. ; Science—Philosophy. ; Konferenzschrift 2001 ; Experiment ; Naturwissenschaften ; Wissenschaftliche Beobachtung ; Sozialwissenschaften
    Abstract: From Throry to Experiment and Back Again -- NaÏve Probability -- From Theory to Experiments and Back Again ... and Back Again ... Comments on Patrick Suppes -- Emergence and Future of Experimental Economics -- Rationality in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of Reinhard Selten’s Approach -- Experiments, Heuristics and Social Diversity: A Comment on Reinhard Selten -- Where do New Ideas Come From? a Heuristics of Discovery in the Cognitive Sciences -- Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- On the Concept of Discovery Comments on Gerd Gigerenzer -- Styles of Experimentation -- On French Concepts and Objects Comments on Ursula Klein -- Some Comments on “Styles of Experimentation” by Ursula Klein -- Improving “Styles of Experimentation” a Comment on Ursula Klein -- Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science -- The Advantages of Theft Over Honest Toil Comments on David Atkinson -- Thinking About Thought Experiments in Physics Comment on “Experiments and Thought Experiments in Natural Science” -- The Dynamics of Thought Experiments A Comment on David Atkinson -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experiment -- An Attempt at a Philosophy of Experimental Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- O Happy Error a Comment on Giora Hon -- Bayesian Evidence -- On Bayesian Logic Comments on Colin Howson -- On Bayesian Induction (and Pythagoric Arithmetic) -- Probability and Logic Comments on Colin Howson.
    Abstract: According to a long tradition in philosophy of science, a clear cut distinction can be traced between a context of discovery and a context of justification. This tradition dates back to the birth of the discipline in connection with the Circles of Vienna and Berlin, in the twenties and thirties of last century. Convicted that only the context of justification is pertinent to philosophy of science, logical empiricists identified its goal with the “rational reconstruction” of scientific knowledge, taken as the clarification of the logical structure of science, through an analysis of its language and methods. Stressing justification as the proper field of application of philosophy of science, logical empiricists intended to leave discovery out of its remit. The context of discovery was then discarded from philosophy of science and left to sociology, psychology and history. The distinction between context of discovery and context of justification goes hand in hand with the tenet that the theoretical side of science can – and should – be kept separate from its observational and experimental components. Further, the final, abstract formulation of theories should be analysed apart from the process behind it, resulting from a tangle of context-dependent factors. This conviction is reflected by the distinction between theoretical and observational sentences underpinning the Hempelian view of theories as nets, whose knots represent theoretical terms, floating on the plane of observation, to which it is anchored by rules of interpretation.
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